{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/np1wd3qq36/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Karpuj, Rabbi Mario and Bortz, Rabbi Analia"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["2020-06-29 (creation)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["Video"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source"]},"value":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum","Esther and Herbert Taylor Oral History Collection","Jewish Oral History Project of Atlanta"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eRabbis Mario Karpuj and Analia Bortz were interviewed by Sandra Berman on June 29, 2020.\u003c/p\u003e (general)","\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBiographical Sketch – Mario Karpuj\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eRabbi Mario Karpuj was born in Cordoba, Argentina. He grew up in a very Jewish community, attended Jewish day school, and participated in Jewish youth movements until he was 17 years old. After graduating high school, Rabbi Karpuj attended Hebrew University for two years before returning to study seminary in Buenos Aires with his wife, Rabbi Dr. Analia Bortz. Rabbi Karpuj met his wife during a school trip to Buenos Aires, Argentina. He stayed with her family during the trip, and Analia stayed with his family on her school’s subsequent trip to Cordoba three months later. The pair were friends for many years before they started dating and got married 1990.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eRabbi Karpuj received his ordination from the Seminario Rabinico Latinoamericano in 1994. Rabbis Mario and Analia moved back to Argentina after finishing rabbinical school in Israel just two days before the 1994 bombing of the AMIA building in Argentina. After helping the community through the crisis and realizing there was no drive to solve the bombing, Rabbis Mario and Analia decided it was time to leave Argentina. The family moved to Chile where they stayed for five years. After those five years, Rabbi Karpuj moved with his wife and their two daughters, Tamar and Adina, to Atlanta, Georgia. Rabbi Karpuj and Rabbi Dr. Bortz joined Atlanta’s Ahavath Achim Synagogue in 2000 to continue their rabbinical passion of being the spiritual leaders of a congregation. The couple started Congregation or Hadash in 2003 with a small group of devoted followers.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eRabbi Karpuj has served as a pulpit rabbi in Argentina, Israel, Cuba, Chile, and Atlanta. He has also served as a board member in the Atlanta Chapter of the American Jewish Committee and served as the Rabbi-in-Residence of the Atlanta Journal Constitution International Meeting for six years. He is currently a member of the Advisory Board of the Interfaith Community Initiatives and was a past leader of their World Pilgrims program, an Atlanta based project in which Jews, Christians, and Muslims participate in interfaith pilgrimages to different locations around the world. Rabbi Karpuj also served in the executive board of the Atlanta Rabbinical Association. He has been a board member of the Faith Alliance of Metro Atlanta and he was an active member of the Sandy Springs Interfaith Clergy Association.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAnalia and Mario made Aliyah and moved to Jerusalem in July 2020 after serving for nearly 18 years as the spiritual leaders of their Sandy Springs community.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBiographical Sketch – Analia Bortz\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eRabbi Dr. Analia Bortz was born in Buenos Aires, Argentina in February 1967. She attended Jewish day schools in Buenos Aires and grew up in a Jewish community with very strong Zionist beliefs. Rabbi Bortz met her husband, Rabbi Mario Karpuj, when she hosted him while his school was visiting Buenos Aires. Rabbi Bortz stayed with Mario’s family on her school’s trip to Cordoba three months later. The pair were friends for many years before they started dating and they were married in 1990.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eDr. Bortz is a medical doctor with postdoctoral studies in Bioethics. Her family strongly believed that you must be a medical doctor to earn the title of “human being”, so she attended medical school in Buenos Aires. She received a medical degree from the Universidad Buenos Aires in 1990 and her PhD in Ethics from the Catholic University of Valparaiso. During her time in medical school, Dr. Bortz realized she wanted to help people in a holistic way. She wanted to find the “Divine spark” in each human’s body and soul. This led her to her studies at seminary. Rabbi Dr. Bortz became the first ordained Latin American Female Rabbi when she completed her rabbinical ordination at the Seminario Rabinico Latinoamericano in Jerusalem in June 1994. Rabbi Bortz is a Senior Rabbinic Fellow of the Shalom Hartman Institute-Jerusalem. She is a 2017 graduate and facilitator of the Center for Compassionate Integrity and Secular Ethics at Life University.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAs a medical doctor, Dr. Analia Bortz has served in various hospitals and private clinics in Buenos Aires, Argentina, Jerusalem, Israel, Chile, and Atlanta, Georgia. As a Bioethicist, Dr. Bortz helped create Bioethics committees in Chile and at Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta. She is also the founder of Hope for Seeds, an organization that helped couples struggling with infertility and sterility. She is also a founding board member of Jewish Fertility Foundation of Atlanta. Rabbi Bortz is a co-founder of “BaKeN” [Hebrew: “In the Nest”: Breehut-Kehillah-Nefesh], an organization with the mission of combating the societal stigmatization of mental illness.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAfter experiencing and helping the community through the 1994 AMIA building bombing in Argentina, Rabbis Analia and Mario decided it was time to leave Argentina. The rabbis moved to Chile with their two daughters, Tamar and Adina, where they lived for five years. The family moved from Chile to Atlanta in 2000 and joined Atlanta’s Ahavath Achim Synagogue to continue their rabbinical passion of being the spiritual leaders of a congregation. The couple started Congregation or Hadash in 2003 with a small group of devoted followers. Analia and Mario made Aliyah and moved to Jerusalem in July 2020 after serving for nearly 18 years as the spiritual leaders of their Sandy Springs community.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eRabbi Dr. Bortz and Rabbi Karpuj have two daughters together, Tamar and Adina.\u003c/p\u003e (bioghist)","\u003cp\u003eThe interview begins with Rabbi Analia Bortz and Rabbi Mario Karpuj discussing where they were born and how their families came to live in Argentina. Rabbi Bortz talks about how her maternal grandparents came to Argentina from Poland between World War I and World War II and how her paternal great-grandparents came to Buenos Aires from Dniepropetrovsk, Russia in 1881. She recounts how her paternal great-grandparents were pioneers and the founders of some Jewish colonies in Argentina. She also mentions that the parts of her family that did not make it to Argentina perished in the Majdanek concentration camp.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eRabbi Karpuj goes on to talk about how his family came to settle in Cordoba, Argentina. He recalls that his paternal grandparents came from Anyksciai, Lithuania, his maternal grandfather came from Poland, and his maternal grandmother came from Lviv, Ukraine. Like Rabbi Bortz’s grandparents, his family came to Argentina between World War I and World War II.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe interview moves on to talk about the Jewish gauchos and the history and heritage of the Jewish community in Argentina. Rabbi Bortz talks about the pogroms in Russia that drove Jews to Argentina and Rabbi Karpuj discusses the hidden Jews in Argentina during the Inquisition. They talk about Argentina always being welcoming of immigrants, the early history of Jewish people in Argentina, and how the Jewish community fit into the greater Argentinian community. Rabbi Bortz discusses the importance of Zionism in the Jewish Argentinian community and how Judaism and Zionism go hand in hand in Argentina.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eRabbis Karpuj and Bortz share what it was like in Argentina when escaped Nazis were seeking refuge in Argentina. Rabbi Karpuj discusses how Argentina’s government allowed and supported their residence in Argentina and how Jewish people were aware of their presence in their country.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe rabbis go on to share their stories about how they met. While their stories have different minute details, the basis is the same. Rabbi Karpuj met Rabbi Bortz when his school took a trip to Buenos Aires, and he was hosted by her family. When Rabbi Bortz’s school took a trip to Cordoba three months later, she stayed with Rabbi Karpuj’s family. The rabbis were friends from then on. They talked about how they eventually started dating and were finally married when Rabbi Bortz was 23.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eRabbi Bortz talks about her family’s belief that one must become a medical doctor to earn the title of “human being.” She discusses how in medical school she realized she was looking for a more holistic way of looking at human beings. This realization led her to pursue studying at a seminary in Buenos Aires. She shares how she was the first women ordained as a rabbi in South America, and how it would not have been possible without the support and patience of Rabbi Karpuj.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eRabbi Karpuj shares his experience with the 1994 AMIA bombing in Argentina. He recalls that he and Rabbi Bortz had just returned to Buenos Aires from Jerusalem two days before the bombing occurred, and how they jumped in to help the community through the crisis. He explains that in the week after the bombing, he and Rabbi Bortz realized there was not going to be an effort to solve the bombing, and as a result they decided it was time to leave Argentina. Needing to stay in South America, Rabbi Karpuj talks about how they moved to Chile and stayed there for eight years. Rabbi Bortz shares what her thoughts were when they decided to leave Argentina and talks about what they wanted for themselves and their family when they moved to Chile.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe interview moves on to discuss what brought the rabbis to Atlanta, Georgia. Rabbi Bortz talks about touring the United States for the Rabbinical Assembly Convention and how a friend convinced them to move to the United States. She details how they were brought to Ahavath Achim Synagogue, the Epstein School, Camp Ramah, Atlanta Jewish High School, Atlanta Jewish Federation, and the Breman Museum, and how they ultimately fell in love with Atlanta. Rabbi Karpuj talks about how they got the rabbi positions at Ahavath Achim because they were in the right place at the right time. The rabbis talk about their first impressions of Ahavath Achim and how the congregation really understood why they wanted to move to the United States. They also talk about their impressions and relationship with Rabbi Arnold Goodman.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eRabbi Karpuj and Rabbi Bortz go on to talk about how the idea for Congregation Or Hadash came about and how they started the new congregation with help from their followers and the Atlanta community. The list some of the important people who helped bring the dream of Congregation Or Hadash into fruition and who some of the founding members of the congregation were. They also talk about the congregation’s current families and members and the legacy they have created at Or Hadash.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe rabbis discuss how they started transitioning Or Hadash into a community centered congregation rather than a rabbi centered congregation. Rabbi Karpuj and Rabbi Bortz share that they wanted the congregation to carry on successfully without them when they left to make Aliyah to Israel in July 2020. They talked about how they came to the decision to leave Or Hadash and move to Israel, and what they plan to do with their lives once in their new home. They also briefly discuss the Jewish community in Argentina today and how it has changed since they moved to the United States.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe interview wraps up with Rabbi Karpuj and Rabbi Bortz summarizing their experiences in Atlanta and what they will take away from their time with Congregation Or Hadash, the Atlanta Jewish community, and in Atlanta itself.\u003c/p\u003e (scope content)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source Metadata URI"]},"value":{"en":["https://archivesspace.thebreman.org/repositories/2/archival_objects/28601"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject"]},"value":{"en":["Mario Karpuj (personal name)","Analia Bortz (personal name)","Baron Maritz von Hirsch (personal name)","Erich Priebke (personal name)","Karl Adolf Eichmann (personal name)","Josef Mengele (personal name)","Juan Domingo Peron (personal name)","Natalio Alberto Nisman (personal name)","Shimon Peres (personal name)","Dr. Sam Schatten (personal name)","Gerald Hershel Cohen (personal name)","Sherry Zimmerman Frank (personal name)","Rosa Lia \"Rosi\" Ludner Fiedotin (personal name)","Dr. Arnoldo Fiedotin (personal name)","Dr. Steven Wertheim (personal name)","Professor Kenneth W. Stein (personal name)","Abby Friedman (personal name)","Paul Flexner (personal name)","Brad Slutsky (personal name)","Karen Sukin (personal name)","Mark Hackner (personal name)","Deborah Woodsfellow (personal name)","Dr. David Woodsfellow (personal name)","Dr. Eric Plasker (personal name)","Dr. Kenneth G. Taylor (personal name)","Michele Taylor (personal name)","Dr. Shelli Bank (personal name)","Michael Rosenzweig (personal name)","Dr. Steven Saul Kutner (personal name)","Elizabeth Appley (personal name)","Elliott Cohen (personal name)","Judith Mesirow Cohen (personal name)","Gita Berman (personal name)","Steve Berman (personal name)","Howard Wexler (personal name)","Larry Frank (personal name)","Lois Frank (personal name)","Sandy Epstein (personal name)","Shiel Edlin (personal name)","Ben Nadler (personal name)","Jay Kaiman (personal name)","Rabbi Arnold M. Goodmann (personal name)","Rabbi Mauricio Balter (personal name)","Templo Libertad (corporate name)","Congregation Or Hadash (corporate name)","Ahavath Achim Synagogue (AA) (corporate name)","Temple Emanu-El (corporate name)","Temple Sinai (corporate name)","Congregation Etz Chaim (corporate name)","Hebrew University of Jerusalem (corporate name)","Atlanta Jewish High School (corporate name)","Felicia Penzell Weber Jewish Community High School (Weber School) (corporate name)","Epstein School (corporate name)","Katherine and Jacob Greenfield Hebrew Academy (corporate name)","Machon Hadash Religious School (corporate name)","Argentine Israelite Mutual Association (AMIA) (corporate name)","Camp Ramah (corporate name)","Jewish Federation of Greater Atlanta (corporate name)","William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum (corporate name)","Jewish Family \u0026amp; Career Services (JF\u0026amp;CS) (corporate name)","Sandy Springs Methodist Church (corporate name)","Marcus Foundation (corporate name)","Atlanta Rabbinical Association (corporate name)","Rabbinical Assembly (corporate name)","Anyksciai, Lithuania (geographic term)","Buenos Aires, Argentina (geographic term)","Cordoba, Argentina (geographic term)","Entre Rios, Argentina (geographic term)","La Pampa, Argentina (geographic term)","Dniepropetrovsk, Russia (geographic term)","Lviv, Ukraine (geographic term)","Warsaw, Poland (geographic term)","Jerusalem, Israel (geographic term)","Atlanta, Georgia (geographic term)","Poland (geographic term)","Russia (geographic term)","Argentina (geographic term)","Chile (geographic term)","Israel (geographic term)","United States of America (geographic term)","Majdanek Concentration Camp (geographic term)","Aliyah (topical term)","Jewish Day School (topical term)","Jewish Gauchos (topical term)","World War I (topical term)","World War II (topical term)","Zionism (topical term)","Anti-Semitism (topical term)","Jewish Community (topical term)","Holocaust Surviviors (topical term)","1992 Israeli Embassy Bombing (topical term)","1994 AMIA Bombing (topical term)","High Holy Days (topical term)","Conservative Judaism (topical term)","Judaism (topical term)","Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) (topical term)"]}}],"summary":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eRabbis Mario Karpuj and Analia Bortz were interviewed by Sandra Berman on June 29, 2020.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBiographical Sketch – Mario Karpuj\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eRabbi Mario Karpuj was born in Cordoba, Argentina. He grew up in a very Jewish community, attended Jewish day school, and participated in Jewish youth movements until he was 17 years old. After graduating high school, Rabbi Karpuj attended Hebrew University for two years before returning to study seminary in Buenos Aires with his wife, Rabbi Dr. Analia Bortz. Rabbi Karpuj met his wife during a school trip to Buenos Aires, Argentina. He stayed with her family during the trip, and Analia stayed with his family on her school’s subsequent trip to Cordoba three months later. The pair were friends for many years before they started dating and got married 1990.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eRabbi Karpuj received his ordination from the Seminario Rabinico Latinoamericano in 1994. Rabbis Mario and Analia moved back to Argentina after finishing rabbinical school in Israel just two days before the 1994 bombing of the AMIA building in Argentina. After helping the community through the crisis and realizing there was no drive to solve the bombing, Rabbis Mario and Analia decided it was time to leave Argentina. The family moved to Chile where they stayed for five years. After those five years, Rabbi Karpuj moved with his wife and their two daughters, Tamar and Adina, to Atlanta, Georgia. Rabbi Karpuj and Rabbi Dr. Bortz joined Atlanta’s Ahavath Achim Synagogue in 2000 to continue their rabbinical passion of being the spiritual leaders of a congregation. The couple started Congregation or Hadash in 2003 with a small group of devoted followers.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eRabbi Karpuj has served as a pulpit rabbi in Argentina, Israel, Cuba, Chile, and Atlanta. He has also served as a board member in the Atlanta Chapter of the American Jewish Committee and served as the Rabbi-in-Residence of the Atlanta Journal Constitution International Meeting for six years. He is currently a member of the Advisory Board of the Interfaith Community Initiatives and was a past leader of their World Pilgrims program, an Atlanta based project in which Jews, Christians, and Muslims participate in interfaith pilgrimages to different locations around the world. Rabbi Karpuj also served in the executive board of the Atlanta Rabbinical Association. He has been a board member of the Faith Alliance of Metro Atlanta and he was an active member of the Sandy Springs Interfaith Clergy Association.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAnalia and Mario made Aliyah and moved to Jerusalem in July 2020 after serving for nearly 18 years as the spiritual leaders of their Sandy Springs community.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBiographical Sketch – Analia Bortz\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eRabbi Dr. Analia Bortz was born in Buenos Aires, Argentina in February 1967. She attended Jewish day schools in Buenos Aires and grew up in a Jewish community with very strong Zionist beliefs. Rabbi Bortz met her husband, Rabbi Mario Karpuj, when she hosted him while his school was visiting Buenos Aires. Rabbi Bortz stayed with Mario’s family on her school’s trip to Cordoba three months later. The pair were friends for many years before they started dating and they were married in 1990.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eDr. Bortz is a medical doctor with postdoctoral studies in Bioethics. Her family strongly believed that you must be a medical doctor to earn the title of “human being”, so she attended medical school in Buenos Aires. She received a medical degree from the Universidad Buenos Aires in 1990 and her PhD in Ethics from the Catholic University of Valparaiso. During her time in medical school, Dr. Bortz realized she wanted to help people in a holistic way. She wanted to find the “Divine spark” in each human’s body and soul. This led her to her studies at seminary. Rabbi Dr. Bortz became the first ordained Latin American Female Rabbi when she completed her rabbinical ordination at the Seminario Rabinico Latinoamericano in Jerusalem in June 1994. Rabbi Bortz is a Senior Rabbinic Fellow of the Shalom Hartman Institute-Jerusalem. She is a 2017 graduate and facilitator of the Center for Compassionate Integrity and Secular Ethics at Life University.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAs a medical doctor, Dr. Analia Bortz has served in various hospitals and private clinics in Buenos Aires, Argentina, Jerusalem, Israel, Chile, and Atlanta, Georgia. As a Bioethicist, Dr. Bortz helped create Bioethics committees in Chile and at Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta. She is also the founder of Hope for Seeds, an organization that helped couples struggling with infertility and sterility. She is also a founding board member of Jewish Fertility Foundation of Atlanta. Rabbi Bortz is a co-founder of “BaKeN” [Hebrew: “In the Nest”: Breehut-Kehillah-Nefesh], an organization with the mission of combating the societal stigmatization of mental illness.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAfter experiencing and helping the community through the 1994 AMIA building bombing in Argentina, Rabbis Analia and Mario decided it was time to leave Argentina. The rabbis moved to Chile with their two daughters, Tamar and Adina, where they lived for five years. The family moved from Chile to Atlanta in 2000 and joined Atlanta’s Ahavath Achim Synagogue to continue their rabbinical passion of being the spiritual leaders of a congregation. The couple started Congregation or Hadash in 2003 with a small group of devoted followers. Analia and Mario made Aliyah and moved to Jerusalem in July 2020 after serving for nearly 18 years as the spiritual leaders of their Sandy Springs community.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eRabbi Dr. Bortz and Rabbi Karpuj have two daughters together, Tamar and Adina.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe interview begins with Rabbi Analia Bortz and Rabbi Mario Karpuj discussing where they were born and how their families came to live in Argentina. Rabbi Bortz talks about how her maternal grandparents came to Argentina from Poland between World War I and World War II and how her paternal great-grandparents came to Buenos Aires from Dniepropetrovsk, Russia in 1881. She recounts how her paternal great-grandparents were pioneers and the founders of some Jewish colonies in Argentina. She also mentions that the parts of her family that did not make it to Argentina perished in the Majdanek concentration camp.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eRabbi Karpuj goes on to talk about how his family came to settle in Cordoba, Argentina. He recalls that his paternal grandparents came from Anyksciai, Lithuania, his maternal grandfather came from Poland, and his maternal grandmother came from Lviv, Ukraine. Like Rabbi Bortz’s grandparents, his family came to Argentina between World War I and World War II.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe interview moves on to talk about the Jewish gauchos and the history and heritage of the Jewish community in Argentina. Rabbi Bortz talks about the pogroms in Russia that drove Jews to Argentina and Rabbi Karpuj discusses the hidden Jews in Argentina during the Inquisition. They talk about Argentina always being welcoming of immigrants, the early history of Jewish people in Argentina, and how the Jewish community fit into the greater Argentinian community. Rabbi Bortz discusses the importance of Zionism in the Jewish Argentinian community and how Judaism and Zionism go hand in hand in Argentina.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eRabbis Karpuj and Bortz share what it was like in Argentina when escaped Nazis were seeking refuge in Argentina. Rabbi Karpuj discusses how Argentina’s government allowed and supported their residence in Argentina and how Jewish people were aware of their presence in their country.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe rabbis go on to share their stories about how they met. While their stories have different minute details, the basis is the same. Rabbi Karpuj met Rabbi Bortz when his school took a trip to Buenos Aires, and he was hosted by her family. When Rabbi Bortz’s school took a trip to Cordoba three months later, she stayed with Rabbi Karpuj’s family. The rabbis were friends from then on. They talked about how they eventually started dating and were finally married when Rabbi Bortz was 23.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eRabbi Bortz talks about her family’s belief that one must become a medical doctor to earn the title of “human being.” She discusses how in medical school she realized she was looking for a more holistic way of looking at human beings. This realization led her to pursue studying at a seminary in Buenos Aires. She shares how she was the first women ordained as a rabbi in South America, and how it would not have been possible without the support and patience of Rabbi Karpuj.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eRabbi Karpuj shares his experience with the 1994 AMIA bombing in Argentina. He recalls that he and Rabbi Bortz had just returned to Buenos Aires from Jerusalem two days before the bombing occurred, and how they jumped in to help the community through the crisis. He explains that in the week after the bombing, he and Rabbi Bortz realized there was not going to be an effort to solve the bombing, and as a result they decided it was time to leave Argentina. Needing to stay in South America, Rabbi Karpuj talks about how they moved to Chile and stayed there for eight years. Rabbi Bortz shares what her thoughts were when they decided to leave Argentina and talks about what they wanted for themselves and their family when they moved to Chile.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe interview moves on to discuss what brought the rabbis to Atlanta, Georgia. Rabbi Bortz talks about touring the United States for the Rabbinical Assembly Convention and how a friend convinced them to move to the United States. She details how they were brought to Ahavath Achim Synagogue, the Epstein School, Camp Ramah, Atlanta Jewish High School, Atlanta Jewish Federation, and the Breman Museum, and how they ultimately fell in love with Atlanta. Rabbi Karpuj talks about how they got the rabbi positions at Ahavath Achim because they were in the right place at the right time. The rabbis talk about their first impressions of Ahavath Achim and how the congregation really understood why they wanted to move to the United States. They also talk about their impressions and relationship with Rabbi Arnold Goodman.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eRabbi Karpuj and Rabbi Bortz go on to talk about how the idea for Congregation Or Hadash came about and how they started the new congregation with help from their followers and the Atlanta community. The list some of the important people who helped bring the dream of Congregation Or Hadash into fruition and who some of the founding members of the congregation were. They also talk about the congregation’s current families and members and the legacy they have created at Or Hadash.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe rabbis discuss how they started transitioning Or Hadash into a community centered congregation rather than a rabbi centered congregation. Rabbi Karpuj and Rabbi Bortz share that they wanted the congregation to carry on successfully without them when they left to make Aliyah to Israel in July 2020. They talked about how they came to the decision to leave Or Hadash and move to Israel, and what they plan to do with their lives once in their new home. They also briefly discuss the Jewish community in Argentina today and how it has changed since they moved to the United States.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe interview wraps up with Rabbi Karpuj and Rabbi Bortz summarizing their experiences in Atlanta and what they will take away from their time with Congregation Or Hadash, the Atlanta Jewish community, and in Atlanta itself.\u003c/p\u003e"]},"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/120/777/small/Karpuj_AnaliBortzandMario_%281%29.mp4_1628107002.jpg?1628092608","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - Karpuj_AnaliBortzandMario_(1).mp4"]},"duration":4995.359,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/120/777/small/Karpuj_AnaliBortzandMario_%281%29.mp4_1628107002.jpg?1628092608","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-thebreman.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/120/777/original/Karpuj_AnaliBortzandMario_%281%29.mp4?1628092529","type":"Video","format":"video/mp4","duration":4995.359,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/transcript/31820","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Karpuj, Mario and Bortz, Analia [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/transcript/31820/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Today is June 29th, 2020. I am with Analia Bortz and Mario Karpuj,\nwho have agreed to participate in the Esther and Herbert Taylor Oral History\nProject of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum. Thank you very much for\ndoing this. I know you're making Aliyah and this is, time is at a minimum so\nthis is very, we're very appreciative that you agreed to sit down for this interview.\n\nKARPUJ: Our pleasure.\n\nBORTZ: Our pleasure.\n\nBERMAN: I wanted to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/transcript/31820/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"begin by asking you both, one after the other, where you\nwere born, and then if you could tell me how your family ended up in Argentina?\n\nBORTZ: I was, my name is Analia Bortz. I was born in Buenos Aires [Argentina] on\nFebruary 4, 1967. Buenos Aires is the capitol of Argentina. My entire life until\nI was 26, I lived in Buenos Aires. I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/transcript/31820/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"always received Jewish education, very\nstrong Jewish education in a very Zionist approach as part of being Jewish. My\ngrandparents from my mom's side, so my maternal grandparents, came from Poland.\nThey came in between the two wars. My great-grandparents from my dad's side, my\npaternal great-grandparents, came from Russia, today would be ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=60.0,90.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/transcript/31820/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ukraine, in a\nplace called Dniepropetrovsk in 1881. So they were pioneers in Buenos Aires,\npioneers in Argentina, and they were the founders of the colonies, of the Jewish\ncolonies in Argentina, and what they call the Jewish gauchos or cowboys in\nArgentina. So we have a mix of the Russian part of the family, or Ukrainian part\nof the family, and the Polish part of the family. My parents were born in\nArgentina and they have ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=90.0,120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/transcript/31820/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the entire family that really moved to Argentina.\nOne-third of the family that didn't make into Argentina from Poland, they\nperished in the concentration camp of Majdanek.\n\nKARPUJ: My family got to Argentina too but to a city called Cordoba, the second\nlargest city in Argentina. My, on my parents', my dad's side from Lithuania from\na place ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=120.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/transcript/31820/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"called Anyksciai. From my mom's side, my grandfather from Poland,\noutside of Warsaw and my, from my mother's side, from my grandmother's side,\nfrom Ukraine, from Lvov. Like Analia's grandparents, they came in between the\ntwo wars in the late 1920's and my parents were already born there. I grew up\nthere in a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=150.0,180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/transcript/31820/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"beautiful Jewish community, much smaller than the one in Buenos\nAires, but with a Jewish day school and Jewish youth movements until I was 17.\nWhen I was seven, my grandparents from my mom's side made Aliyah, and in the\nlate 1970's and 1980's, a lot of my family on both sides made Aliyah and moved\nto Israel.\n\nBERMAN: Could you spell the name of the city you ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=180.0,210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/transcript/31820/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"grew up in?\n\nKARPUJ: I grew up in Cordoba, C-O-R-D-O-B-A.\n\nBERMAN: And can you spell the name of the city or the town that your, in Russia\nthat your grandparents . . .\n\nBORTZ: Dniepropetrovsk is like the Dnieper River, D-N-I-E-P-E-R-P-E-T-R-O-V-S-K.\n\nBERMAN: Thank you. I'm interested in the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=210.0,240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/transcript/31820/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish gauchos. I read a little about\nthat before I did this interview. Can you tell me a little about that? What,\nit's part of the heritage of the Jewish community there. It's very intriguing.\n\nBORTZ: In the 1880's, especially with the death of Alexander III and in the\ncoming of the pogrom of Nicholas II, the Jews started fleeing from Russia. We\nare talking about the metro Russia, the big ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=240.0,270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/transcript/31820/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Russia. Ukraine would be part of\nthat, part of the empire. So a group of Jews follow one of the biggest\nphilanthropist in the Jewish history, his name was Baron Hirsch, and he\nestablished colonies in a very remote place and that became Argentina. This is\nbefore Herzl even thought about Argentina of becoming, you know, the Promised\nLand. So they decided to go as far as they could away from ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=270.0,300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/transcript/31820/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Tsars. They\nbecome part of the Argentina community. Argentina has always been a county of\nimmigrants. They settle in different areas in the country, especially in the\nnortheast part of the country, in provinces called Entre Rios. Then they\nestablished these Jewish kibbutzim basically, in which everybody took care of\neverybody else. They started being farmers. Many of them were not farmers, they\nhave a profession before in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=300.0,330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/transcript/31820/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Russia and they become farmers. They are people of\nthe place. My great-grandfather, Miguel or Michael Dreizen, D-R-E-I-Z-E-N, he\nhad some loss of communication with Baron Hirsch, he decided to start colonies\nin a southern part next to Buenos Aires in a province called La Pampa, L-A\nP-A-M-P-A. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=330.0,360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/transcript/31820/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He established a whole Jewish community over there and even today\nmany of the main streets in that place, they carry his name -- the library, the\nofficial library, the cemetery, the hospitals. He became one of those gauchos\nand my dad will call, will tell the stories of waking up at five o'clock in the\nmorning just to go and harvest the crops. Those years in which things were\neasier than others and there was, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=360.0,390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/transcript/31820/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you know, plenty and abundance, and there\nother years where there was famine because the locust would come, the\ngrasshoppers would come and just eat all the crops. So my parent's generation\nwere the first generation that was educated with an university title. They both\nwent to medical school, both of my parents, in different areas but they went and\nthey became doctors. But that's the generation that basically, either the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=390.0,420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/transcript/31820/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"second\nor the third generation in Argentina, they were already sent to the universities.\n\nBERMAN: I also saw that there were Jews in Argentina since the Inquisition,\n[the] Conversos. Did any of them, is there, do you have any knowledge of did\nthey stay, did they become Christian or did they return to Judaism in later years?\n\nKARPUJ: So there are famous stories of some of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=420.0,450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/transcript/31820/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the first doctors that came there\nthat were actually escaping the Inquisition. They stayed as hidden Jews. Their\nnumbers were not huge numbers and actually, most of them at some point stopped\nbeing Jewish. We don't, [we] grew up with people who had been there for\ncenturies. Everybody we ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=450.0,480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/transcript/31820/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"knew growing up were people who were basically children\nor grandchildren, in our case, of immigrants. So in the 1880's when Analia's\ngrandparents came, there was a policy of opening the borders and welcoming\nimmigrants but they needed to populate a big, big country so they were\nencouraged to not settle in the big cities, but to go to, to be farmers and to\ngo into the provinces. Their ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=480.0,510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/transcript/31820/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"children already, by the time they grew up and\nfinished high school, they all moved to the big cities to go to university. In\nmy case, my grandparents went straight to cities. They never went to the\ncountryside to work there.\n\nBORTZ: But when we do the history of Jews in Argentina, basically we only refer\nto 1860, 1860 as the first congregation that was built over there, Templo\nLibertad and in 1862 as the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=510.0,540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/transcript/31820/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"first marriage that was done between two Jewish\npeople in Argentina. So we don't go all the way back like Brazil does, some\nareas in Peru, some areas in Chile, we don't go all the way back to the\nInquisition of the 1500's. We basically, the Jews in Argentina mostly coming\nfrom Eastern European countries that came in the 1860's, those were the first ones.\n\nBERMAN: What was it like for the Jewish community within the greater Argentinian\ncommunity? ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=540.0,570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/transcript/31820/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Was there general acceptance or was there, or during different\nperiods, acceptance and then non-acceptance?\n\nKARPUJ: Argentina is a country of immigrants. Literally over 90 percent of the\npopulation there came from other places. Literally most of them came in from the\n1850's to the 1930's. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=570.0,600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/transcript/31820/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm, we both grew up with friends, Jewish and non-Jewish\nalike that experienced grandparents, all of them, with an accent. I was actually\ntelling the story that a couple of years ago, I was walking in Jerusalem\n[Israel] and I was thinking like, you know, one day I will have grandchildren\nand they will also have a grandparent with an accent. I have become one of my\ngrandparents. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=600.0,630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/transcript/31820/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So because we were all immigrants, it was not seen as the outsider\ncoming. We're all outsiders in a way and it has a very, we were very well\nintegrated into society in much better ways than you can see in other countries.\nWe were part of Argentina, we felt part of the country. I never experienced like\nfeeling ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=630.0,660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/transcript/31820/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"outside of there. So it was, in that sense, a good experience. Of\ncourse, there was anti-Semitism and all kind of things that you can see in every\ncountry, but if you see both in terms of the participation of Jewish\nArgentinians in every aspect of Argentinian life, except the military, they have\nbeen like really, very well integrated in society in general.\n\nBORTZ: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=660.0,690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/transcript/31820/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"At the same time, which is true that in the streets we were part of the,\nyou know, of the local Jewish, of the local population, the Argentinian\npopulation, in our time, most of us went to Jewish day school. Basically, at\nleast in my city that was the biggest city, but also I guess in Cordoba, I would\nsay that 95 percent of the Jewish kids, in my city, we went to Jewish day\nschool. It was very, very strong. The Jewish community in Argentina vis-a-vis\nwhat happened in the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=690.0,720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/transcript/31820/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"United States, when you have a Jew, you build a school. So\nif one Jew, one Jewish kid, you build a school for that Jewish kid. Here in the\nStates it is more related to synagogues and over there it is more related to the\nschools. Very, very strong Zionist education. In our time, Hebrew was, you know,\na very fluent language so most of us left school speaking Hebrew and some of us\neven thinking in Hebrew. So it was very, very strong. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=720.0,750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/transcript/31820/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Judaism and Zionism when\nyou grow up in Argentina was exactly the same thing. There was no division.\nJudaism on one side, Zionism, the way that we are today, putting them in\nparadigms, right? I mean, today, you know, it's a Jew but it's not a Zionist. We\ndidn't have that. For us, it's completely integrated. It's a Jew and a Zionist\nand a Zionist Jew in Argentina growing up in our time.\n\nBERMAN: During the, before Argentina ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=750.0,780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/transcript/31820/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"immigration closed, there were a number of\nHolocaust survivors who, many Holocaust survivors who were immigrated to\nArgentina but after the war there were also a number of Germans --\n\nBORTZ: Mhm.\n\nBERMAN: -- who also . . . was there, do you remember your parents reflecting on\nthat? Talking about that? I mean, what was that discussion like?\n\nKARPUJ: So, yeah it became a very political discussion, if you ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=780.0,810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/transcript/31820/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"want. All the\nsuspicion first and then kind of corroboration that Peron open and helped\nactively for Nazis to escape justice and going to the country and all this was\ncalled the Odessa Operation. Why this riled us, with the help of many people,\namong others the Red Cross, German ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=810.0,840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/transcript/31820/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Nazis entered Argentina. So, yes, we knew\nthat and we knew some of the cities in which they were. I grew up very close to\none of those cities, but those people were not very eager to, for people to know\nwho they were. So yes, they were there, they were not a factor in any way in our\ngrowing up. Of course, if anything they were trying to hide ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=840.0,870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/transcript/31820/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from any kind of attention.\n\nBORTZ: Many of them changed their names, you know --\n\nKARPUJ: Of course.\n\nBORTZ: -- not to be recognized. Yeah.\n\nBERMAN: It must have been, was it startling when Eichmann was arrested?\n\nKARPUJ: Well, it was before our time.\n\nBERMAN: Right.\n\nBORTZ: But, yeah --\n\nKARPUJ: But, yeah, there was this, of course there was a very well-known story.\nGrowing up we got different ones. Priebke and other ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=870.0,900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/transcript/31820/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Nazis who were found there.\nThey were always looking for Mengele who actually escaped just before he was\ncaught and in Paraguay first and then in Brazil. So we knew all those stories\nand it was part of, yeah, all the things we heard growing up, but it was not a\nfactor in our day to day life, no.\n\nBORTZ: When they became older and weaker, many of them needed assistance, you\nknow, I mean health assistance ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=900.0,930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/transcript/31820/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and many of them ended up in the military\nhospitals. That was the time of the military government or Colhunta in\nArgentina. The military government embraced those, you know, previous Nazis that\nremain Nazis until the end of their days and they were taking care of them in\nthe military hospitals. So that was a very interesting inflection of what\nhappened that now the military government that was not a big fan of the Jews\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=930.0,960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/transcript/31820/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because they thought that actually because they were kibbutzim that the\nsocialists that that means they are communist in Israel so every Jew should be a\ncommunist. So there was like a very interesting reaction against the Jews with\nall these missing people. They also sided, actually they, the Nazis or the\nprevious Nazis sided with the military government so it was a very interesting\nintegration between the two forces. We are talking now, you know, in 1945 Juan\nDomingo Peron opened the doors ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=960.0,990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/transcript/31820/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and we are talking now in the 1970's with the\nmilitary government.\n\nBERMAN: So the two of you, well first tell me how you met.\n\nKARPUJ: Do you want --\n\nBERMAN: Who wants to go first?\n\nKARPUJ: I will go first with the, I mean, she can go first, I have the real\nstory, she has, you know, the curated version. So as I told you, I grew up in\nCordoba and I was in high school in the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=990.0,1020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/transcript/31820/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish day school and particularly the\nsmaller congregations, communities, used to organize trips to go and meet people\nfrom other places. In one of those trips our grade went to Buenos Aires to visit\nthe big city. The way we did it is that we would be hosted by the local ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=1020.0,1050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/transcript/31820/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"school.\nIn our case, Analia's school near Bam Bam hosted us. The pairing of the hosts\nand the visitors was very non-organized, was pretty like left to ourselves so\nyou will get off the bus and they would be waiting for you with the breakfast\nand ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=1050.0,1080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/transcript/31820/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you just met people and you said, \"Do you want to come to my house?\" So\nAnalia met a friend of mine, a girl, and she offered her to stay with her. She\nsaid, \"Do you have a friend because my brother is also hosting?\" This is where\nour stories kind of split, because I think that she said, \"Can you invite that\ncute guy there ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=1080.0,1110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/transcript/31820/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to stay with us?\" She thinks the story was a little different. I\nwill stick to my story. So I was 15 years old and she was 14 years old and her\nbrother hosted me so I spent the weekend at their home and we became friends.\nThree months later her school payed us back a visit to our town ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=1110.0,1140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/transcript/31820/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I guess my\nmom was impressed with the things I told about her family because she, even\nthough usually it was like anybody can go wherever you want, by the time the\nprincipal of the school came up to the bus where they were coming and says\n\"Analia, you already have a place to stay,\" she was sure that she would be going\nto my friend, right, the girl, but actually she was coming to our home. It\nstarted from there. We were 15 and 14, our parents became good friends later ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=1140.0,1170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/transcript/31820/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on\nin life and so yeah, we have been together for a very long time.\n\nBORTZ: So now the real story. Okay, this is the history. I mean, you are doing\nan oral history, right, so this is the real story. So the grade that needed to\nhost was the in between me and my brother. My brother is two years older and so\nthe grade in between, so it was the sophomore year. There were not enough\nfamilies that wanted to host from that sophomore year. My parents have ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=1170.0,1200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/transcript/31820/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"always\nopened the house to whoever wanted to come and they said, you know, \"A group is\ncoming from Cordoba. It doesn't matter that doesn't belong to your grade, you\nboth are going to host,\" to my brother and myself. I said, \"Okay, no problem.\" I\nwent to that bus that was coming. I saw this girl that was coming and I said,\nyou know, \"I have room in my house,\" and I said, \"By the way, my brother is\nhosting so do you have friends?\" She said, \"I have two best friends.\" So she\nflipped the coin and the handsome cute ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=1200.0,1230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/transcript/31820/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"guy just came up, right? Anyway, so this\nis how he ended up being at my house. The truth of the matter is when there\nschool paid us back, you know, with a visit over there, my mother-in-law of\nblessed memory, she was a prophetess. She already knew, I mean she really knew\nhow to read [the] future and she said, \"That girl is coming to our home. She's\nnot going to your friend's home.\" That's how we ended up being there, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=1230.0,1260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/transcript/31820/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"feeling\ncompletely at home since minute zero at his house and falling in love with my mother-in-law.\n\nBERMAN: How many years did you date before you married?\n\nBORTZ: A lot.\n\nKARPUJ: Well we were living apart so when we became friends, we were in high\nschool, 15 and 14 [years old]. Then when I finished high school I went to Israel\nto Hebrew University for two years. I was planning to stay there and she was\nplanning ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=1260.0,1290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/transcript/31820/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to come too and study there, but her parents said that in order to\nleave the house, she needed first of all to be American doctor and second to be\nmarried. So that basically messed a little bit with our plans and I decided to\ncome back to Buenos Aires and to study seminary there and to be with her.\n\nBORTZ: So we got married at 23 so that means that 14 to 23, we're talking --\n\nKARPUJ: Eight and a half years --\n\nBORTZ: -- about almost eight and a half years.\n\nKARPUJ: -- after we met, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=1290.0,1320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/transcript/31820/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"yeah.\n\nBORTZ: We, yeah we dated and then we got married. We have been married for 30 years.\n\nKARPUJ: No, we dated less than eight and a half years because it took us some\ntime until we started dating, yeah.\n\nBORTZ: Something.\n\nBERMAN: You brought up medical school. That intrigued me that you, you're a\ndoctor, you're a physician --\n\nBORTZ: Mhm.\n\nBERMAN: -- and then you became a rabbi. What was the progression and . . .\n\nBORTZ: So in my family in order to have a title that is ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=1320.0,1350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/transcript/31820/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to become a human begin,\nyou have to become a medical doctor first. If you have a medical doctor degree\nunder your wings, you can be categorized as a human being. So we didn't have any\nchoice. I wish I would be joking but actually it's the truth. So we, so I\nstarted medical school and two weeks into medical school, I was looking for a\nmore holistic way of looking at the human being and I saw they were talking\nabout the body ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=1350.0,1380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/transcript/31820/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but they are not talking about the soul and I have to do\nsomething about that. So when I talk to the dean of medical school and\nchancellor and he said to me, \"Oh, until the fourth year where you started\npractice in the hospitals you will not find that.\" So I went to the seminary,\nthere were not women there, so I went to a seminary, knocked the door, and I\nsaid, you know, \"I want to study. It's not in my mind to become a rabbi, I just\nwant to study.\" I was the only woman there, but I just want to study because I\nwant to continue my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=1380.0,1410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/transcript/31820/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"passion about, you know, the soul and, you know, and the\nJewish tradition. They said, \"Yeah, no problem.\" So I started studying and there\nwas a progression and ended up being, my ordination was the first woman in\nprobably South America. So I did medical school and rabbinical school at the\nsame time, because this cute, handsome guy ended up being a saint with a lot of\npatience and so I was able to do it, yeah.\n\nKARPUJ: Analia is such a great human being that her parents accepted me in the\nfamily, even if I didn't go to medical ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=1410.0,1440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/transcript/31820/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"school. That was unheard of in her family.\n\nBERMAN: That was a great story. That is really a great story. So did things,\nlife, change for you in 1994 after the . . . how did that impact your families,\nyour life? There were two bombings, and --\n\nKARPUJ: Yeah, so we were in Buenos Aires in the first bombing in 1992 --\n\nBERMAN: Oh, 1992.\n\nKARPUJ: -- when there was the bombing of the embassy. That was a very ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=1440.0,1470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/transcript/31820/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"difficult\ntime spiritually, mostly, about what happened in the country that we love and\nwe're a part of it. Then in 19, the end of 1993, we left for Israel to finish\nrabbinical school. We finish in June of 1994 and came back to Buenos Aires two\ndays before the bombing. So that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=1470.0,1500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/transcript/31820/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"morning, when we heard about the bombing we run\ninto the place, the AMIA, the main building and have a second building three\nblocks from there that became kind of the headquarters of everything that was\ngoing on. We had been the night before until like 1:30 in the morning with a\nvery, very dear friend, Suzy Crayman, the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=1500.0,1530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/transcript/31820/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"wife of Rabbi Yaakov Crayman, very,\nvery close friends who had been there breaking the fast of ninth of Elul. She\nworked at the AMIA, so we knew she was in the building. Because we were two\nrecently ordained rabbis with no congregations there, we actually had no other\nobligations ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=1530.0,1560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/transcript/31820/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but to be there. So for the next week or ten days, we spent\nliterally almost every moment of our days and nights there. Very rapidly it was\norganized, how else all the families who were waiting for people to come out for\nthe debrief. It was organized in a way that every time, thanks to the Israelis\nwho came and told us and helped us how to do ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=1560.0,1590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/transcript/31820/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this, every time that the people in\nthe main building will find the remains of someone, they would let us know and\ngive us some kind of details -- the clothing they were using, the gender,\nsomething -- and we had a very good idea who the person was. So I was in that\nbuilding and I would go and pick up the family of that person and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=1590.0,1620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/transcript/31820/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"say, \"We think\nwe found your beloved one.\" I would walk with them four blocks to the Buenos\nAires morgue where Analia, who's also a doctor, was waiting for them and would\nbring them inside to identify their loved one. As you can imagine, it was very,\nvery difficult week. Besides the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=1620.0,1650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/transcript/31820/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"horror of the bomb being senseless death and\nall that, we finished that week, those ten days, with a very strong feeling, sad\nfeeling, that there was no political will in the country to actually solve the\nbombing. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=1650.0,1680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/transcript/31820/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That this will go for years without being solved and without actually\nfinding those who perpetrated the bombing and those who helped them inside. We\nlooked at each other and said, well at that moment we had only one daughter who\nwas just three years old, and we said, \"We don't want to raise a family here.\"\nSo literally ten days after the bombing, we decided not to stay in Buenos Aires,\nnot to stay in Argentina. So it has, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=1680.0,1710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/transcript/31820/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it's a very central moment in our lives\nbecause we wouldn't be sitting here with you today if it was not for that\nbombing that actually pushed us to look for places outside of Argentina,\nsomething that we haven't thought we'd do before the bombing. We ended up going\nto Chile for five years and eventually coming to Atlanta [Georgia].\n\nBORTZ: Yeah so Mario was talking about the centrality [Unintelligible: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=1710.0,1740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/transcript/31820/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"28.58]\nand, you know, not so much I think for you but for me, I have all my family in\nBuenos Aires. My parents, who are owners of, you know, wellness centers and\nclinics, and I was a director of a clinic although I was not even practicing at\nthat moment in Buenos Aires. So we have everything that the way was already\npaved for us. You know, we have a very easy path just to stay in Buenos Aires\nand we ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=1740.0,1770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/transcript/31820/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"decided basically based on this feeling of like lack of justice, Shimon\nPeres visited Buenos Aires, you know, after the bombing very, very soon. He\nsaid, \"I know exactly who did this, how it was done, and this is the whole\nprotocol of the whole, you know, how everything happened here.\" The government\ncovered it and we have still, you know, going through that and we have seen what\nhappened with Alberto ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=1770.0,1800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/transcript/31820/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Nisman, just in 2015. It's, the fact that we were invited\nto Chile, we wanted something that would be a more organized country at that\nmoment and we spent beautiful five and a half years in Chile. Our second\ndaughter, Adina, was born in Chile. Then we wanted just to enlarge the\npossibilities for our daughters and also for us to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=1800.0,1830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/transcript/31820/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"grow intellectually and we\ndecided to come to the United States and Atlanta was a perfect fit for us. We\nhave been here for 20 years.\n\nBERMAN: What about when you first decided to make the move, I understand it was\na momentous decision, did you think of going to Israel then?\n\nKARPUJ: We had, at that moment we had just finished rabbinical school and we had\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=1830.0,1860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/transcript/31820/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"gotten a scholarship to finish rabbinical school and to live in Israel for two\nyears. The only condition of that scholarship was that after we finished we need\nto spend at least five years in Latin America. So we were committed to keep our\ncommitment there so at that moment we just looked for places in Latin America\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=1860.0,1890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/transcript/31820/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and we ended in the beautiful Pacific coast of Chile.\n\nBORTZ: After those years we also thought, that was 1999 or the year 2000, we\nthought of making the move to Israel. To be pulpit rabbis in liberal\ncongregations in Israel would have been like, you know, one would be in the\nSouth, one would be in the North. We're never going to live together, right?\nReminds us of the Fiddler on the Roof, the fish and the bird. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=1890.0,1920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/transcript/31820/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So we, a friend of\nours as we were touring the United States for another reason, for the Rabbinical\nAssembly Convention, we were up North in Baltimore [Maryland] and he said, \"Why\ndon't you come to the United States?\" You know, our English was very precarious,\nit's not that we improve it too much but it was very precarious. I was mostly\nBritish English and it was not the Southern English at all. You know, Delta was\ndoing the stuff here, we were invited ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=1920.0,1950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/transcript/31820/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to come and visit over here. I think that\nthe five minutes or ten minutes after landing and we were brought by members of\nthe congregation, the AA Congregation, Ahavath Achim Synagogue, straight to the\nEpstein School, it was a Friday afternoon around three o'clock in May. We were\nintroduced to the Epstein School, we were introduced to the Atlanta Jewish\ncommunity, went to Camp Ramah, to, at that moment it was the new Atlanta Jewish\nHigh School that now is the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=1950.0,1980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/transcript/31820/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Weber School, all these incredible organizations.\nThey took us to the Federation, to the Breman Museum and, you know, we finished,\nbasically we finished that weekend and was like, \"We're wasting our time\nanywhere else.\" We have other possibilities, you know, here in the United States\nand we fell in love with Atlanta. We look back and I say thank God we did at\nthat moment fall in love with Atlanta because we really have the most incredible\n20 years. We're very grateful to the Atlanta Jewish community.\n\nBERMAN: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=1980.0,2010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/transcript/31820/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"How did you get the position at Ahavath Achim? How did that happen?\n\nKARPUJ: So we, timing and luck and they say in Hebrew that the word \"mazal\" is\n\"makom uzman la'asot\" is to be at the right place and the right time to do\nsomething. So we were looking for opportunities in the US. If you're coming all\nthe way from Chile, when you think about the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=2010.0,2040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/transcript/31820/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"map of the US, you have Florida,\nMiami, and then Miami all the way to Washington [D.C.] basically is an empty\nspace with nothing in between except Disney World. So we knew nothing about\nAtlanta, Georgia except, you know, Coca-Cola, CNN, and the Olympics. Analia one\nday called the office of the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=2040.0,2070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/transcript/31820/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rabbinical Assembly to discuss something with them,\nthe ones who were trying to make a match for us, and the rabbi there said, you\nknow, \"We'll take care of what you need, but I'm sitting right now here with\nRabbi Arnold Goodman from Atlanta, Georgia. I think you need to talk to him\nbecause you could have a good shelach here.\" Later on, even that day, I think,\nor the day after that, we ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=2070.0,2100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/transcript/31820/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"started talking to them. We knew nothing about\nAtlanta, as I told you and we're like, we were in our way to have another\ninterview in New York City. We decided to make a stop here and see what it was\nall about. We fell in love with it and decided to come here.\n\nBORTZ: Well when people talk about Southern hospitality and especially in the\nJewish community, Southern hospitality is absolutely true. They make us feel at\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=2100.0,2130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/transcript/31820/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"home right away. I mean, it was truly a blessing.\n\nBERMAN: Would that, what were your first observations about AA and about that\ncongregation in particular?\n\nBORTZ: Well, at our time there was a big formality, right? I mean, you have a\nbimah that was very high, I mean, the structure of the bimah was very high. We\nwere coming from a much more, you know, Latino style, the hugs and the kisses,\nbut it was a very well organized congregation. There ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=2130.0,2160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/transcript/31820/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were some incredible\nleaders in the congregation that gave us a sense of trust right away. That is,\nthat was the congregation that truly was the flagship of the Jewish community,\nof the Conservative movement in the South, in the area. So we basically, without\neven knowing, we started experiencing that many doors were opened to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=2160.0,2190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/transcript/31820/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"us. I mean,\npeople of blessed memory like Gerald Cohen, people like Sam Schatten, you know,\nmany, many more obviously, you know, those are the people that we met in our\nfirst week. Obviously we met Sherry Frank and we met people that truly have\nblessed our lives. Truly, the gifts of meeting certain people that were so\ncommitted as ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=2190.0,2220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/transcript/31820/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"leaders of the community and volunteers in the community, that\nthey're giving their time, their love, their expertise, their money, everything\nthat they do for the Jewish community in the South. We decided this is the place.\n\nKARPUJ: They were really, really good at understanding why we wanted to come,\nwhy we wanted to leave Chile. They were like, you know . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=2220.0,2250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/transcript/31820/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":". we were really,\nreally happy in Chile, we're having a beautiful experience there so they were\nlike, \"Why do you want to leave?\" We said, \"Because we're looking for,\" as\nAnalia said before, \"larger opportunities for our girls in terms of education\nand Jewish experiences.\" They understood that very well so connected us\nimmediately with the schools and with the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=2250.0,2280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/transcript/31820/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"camps. When you compare that with\nother experiences we have interviewing in which they didn't have that kind of --\n\nBORTZ: Touch.\n\nKARPUJ: -- understanding what was our main reasons to come to the US, you know,\nit was very different. So AA did an amazing job that week to make us feel\nwelcome and that they understood why we wanted to come here ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=2280.0,2310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/transcript/31820/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and to do that.\n\nBORTZ: We also understood something else that we realized right away. There was\ncertain, but very few, core families that are from Atlanta originally and those\nare many generations has stayed in Atlanta. But most of the people were from out\nof Atlanta and they came here usually for a mission of one, two, three years and\nthen they decided to stay. So if they, from New York, from Florida, from San\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=2310.0,2340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/transcript/31820/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Francisco [California] and Chicago [Illinois], they come to Atlanta and decide\nto stay here in the South, there must be something very special about this\nplace. So we came to Atlanta 20 years ago with 75,000 Jews and today we are\nabout 135,000, so almost double the amount of Jews in 20 years.\n\nBERMAN: What was your impression about Rabbi Goodman?\n\nKARPUJ: Rabbi Goodman was a larger than life ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=2340.0,2370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/transcript/31820/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"character, right? Very revered and\nrespected, very talented rabbi, human being who also, while keeping the\nformality, made it feel close and you can, he was invested in our ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=2370.0,2400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/transcript/31820/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"success. I\nthink that he understood very clearly that, you know, you had to kind of know a\nlittle of the history of the congregation before we came here. They, their\nprevious Educational Director had announced that she was leaving and the\ncongregation was discussing if to replace that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=2400.0,2430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/transcript/31820/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"person with another rabbi or with\nsomeone who came from some other background, educational background. Rabbi\nGoodman came to the congregation to convince them, not only to bring another\nrabbi, but to bring two all the way from Latin America. It was kind of like a\ncrazy idea. So I think that he was very invested in proving everyone that he was\nright by bringing us here ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=2430.0,2460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/transcript/31820/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and he opened us doors and made us feel welcome and\nbecame our mentor to the Atlanta Jewish community in particular and to America\nin general.\n\nBORTZ: I will say that he was a great mentor that not only opened the doors for\nus here in Atlanta, but ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=2460.0,2490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/transcript/31820/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"also allowed us to open internal doors for ourselves.\nComing with a Latin American culture, in Latin America, you basically, you are,\nyou do everything in your congregation, you set up the table, you set up the\nchairs, you do absolutely everything. He told us although we still do the same\nthing, but he told us to put up some boundaries in order to preserve your family\nas well. We ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=2490.0,2520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/transcript/31820/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are, it has always been our, you know, culture and our way of being\nof like, absolutely and passionate with whatever we do. I think that he taught\nus a lot of how to be careful in how to preserve the core values of the family\nwhile you can maintain your passion toward the congregation. I think that that\nwas very important. He was, as Mario said, he was very ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=2520.0,2550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/transcript/31820/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"respected and revered. I\nwill add that he was, he is still very loved by the two of us. We are incredibly\nin debt with him forever.\n\nBERMAN: So what was the progression [Unintelligible: 42.53]? How many years were\nyou at AA before this germ of an idea for a new congregation ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=2550.0,2580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/transcript/31820/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"began to . . .?\n\nKARPUJ: So we were in Atlanta for three years, that was the length of our\ncontract. In those three years Rabbi Goodman retired and made Aliyah. The\ncongregation was, after 54 years with only two rabbis, found itself at a very\ninteresting time, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=2580.0,2610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/transcript/31820/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I would say, trying to find where to go next, and with a very\nchanging Atlanta Jewish community where Buckhead was not just the center of\nJewish Atlanta, it was moving more to the suburbs, and some political turmoil\ninside the congregation. There was a lot of back and forth and eventually it was\nagreed ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=2610.0,2640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/transcript/31820/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that we would not stay after those three years. We started looking for\nother places to go. We did not plan, we didn't have in our mind at all to start\na new congregation. A group of crazy people, really, beautiful but crazy people,\ncame to us to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=2640.0,2670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/transcript/31820/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"say, \"Look, we don't want you to leave Atlanta. We love what you\ndo and would love to start a new congregation with the two of you as rabbis.\" We\nfelt like, \"You're joking right? Because you are, you understand like, you know,\nwe have been here less than three years. I don't know if you have noticed that\nwe have an accent. That will, it's the two of us.\" But this ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=2670.0,2700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/transcript/31820/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"beautiful crazy\npeople, Sherry Frank, and Professor Ken Stein, and Dr. Steve Wertheim, and\nothers, decided to, they wanted to give it a try. With the convene all around\nthe home of a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=2700.0,2730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/transcript/31820/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"couple who became our adoptive parents here in Atlanta, Dr.\nArnoldo Fiedotin and Rosi Fiedotin, they decided that they wanted to start\nsomething during that winter of 2003. I was traveling all over the country\ntrying to find a congregation to go and before Pesach of that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=2730.0,2760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/transcript/31820/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"year, they came to\nus and said, \"We have like 54 people, 56 people, and we want to start a\ncongregation with the two of you as rabbis. We only have actually, we're giving\nyou a two year contract, but actually we only have money for one year and we\ndon't have a space or anything, but how about we start and in three months we\ntalk and we see what's going on?\" We ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=2760.0,2790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/transcript/31820/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were in a very particular time in our life.\nOur oldest daughter had lived two years in Buenos Aires, two years in Jerusalem,\nfive years in Chile, three years in Atlanta. Her bat mitzvah was coming up and\nwe're about to move her again. So we said, \"How about we try this. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=2790.0,2820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/transcript/31820/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What do we\nhave to lose? We'll have another year, we'll celebrate our daughters bat mitzvah\nand if it doesn't work, we'll go looking for another congregation next year.\" We\nnever had that second meeting three months later. After those High Holy Days it\nwas clear that this congregation was a serious thing and that we're doing this.\n\nBORTZ: I agree with absolutely everything you are saying. I will not call them\ncrazy ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=2820.0,2850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/transcript/31820/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"people. I would call [them] dreamers, dreamers with leadership. Because of\nthe people who were taking the responsibility of this new dream, because of the\nkind of people that were truly creating something together, building something\ntogether, they gave us so much ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=2850.0,2880.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/transcript/31820/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"trust and that feeling, we bought our house\nwithout knowing that in three months we needed to go somewhere else. So maybe\nthe crazy was us.\n\nKARPUJ: Yeah, we were crazy to do that, yes.\n\nBORTZ: We were crazy. That feeling of like, if they trust us, we definitely\nblindly trust them. This is 20 years later and we still trust them blindly.\n\nBERMAN: So who were some of the other families? Who were the initial core\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=2880.0,2910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/transcript/31820/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"people, who was in the initial core group?\n\nBORTZ: So the initial core were Sherry Frank, Professor Ken Stein, Dr. Steve\nWertheim, his wife Melinda Wertheim, Dr. Kenneth Taylor, his wife Michele\nTaylor, we are talking about Mark and Judith Taylor. Dr. Eric Plasker, his wife\nLisa Plasker, Gordon and --\n\nKARPUJ: Rosie.\n\nBORTZ: -- Rosie Singer, Mark Hackner and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=2910.0,2940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/transcript/31820/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Brooke Hackner of blessed memory, and --\n\nKARPUJ: Gita and Steve Berman.\n\nBORTZ: -- Gita and Steve Berman, Lynn Epstein which married to Professor Ken\nStein, Abby Friedman and Harry Heiman, Elizabeth Appley and Sandy Epstein,\nPatrick and Cindy Tracy. We are --\n\nKARPUJ: John and Eileen Miller.\n\nBORTZ: -- John and Eileen Miller, Howard and Sharon Wexler at that moment. So we\nare talking about people that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=2940.0,2970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/transcript/31820/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are committed. Committed to grow, committed to\ndream, committed to just build, committed just to do something that would be\nchallenging, to see always the opportunity and not necessarily, you know, the\nblock that is paralyzing you. You know we just, we trust each other. They were\nnot necessarily just from the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=2970.0,3000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/transcript/31820/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"AA Synagogue, they were from other synagogues. The\ncongregation became very clear that the congregation was incredibly, with\ninclusive, or inclusiveness, as far as LGBTQ was concerned, very international,\nlots of languages. So it became a wonderful attraction, we are talking about a\nlong time ago so it, a wonderful attraction for other people to say like, \"I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=3000.0,3030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/transcript/31820/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"can\nbelong in there. I would be welcome,\" as a single mother, as a single person who\nis doing artificial insemination in order to have a child but as a single\nmother, as a, you know, as a gay couple, you know, as somebody who has an\naccent. The Israelis like were coming because we speak Hebrew fluently and the\nLatin American were coming and also people from France and South Africa and\nAustralia, et cetera, from everywhere.\n\nKARPUJ: And there are more ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=3030.0,3060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/transcript/31820/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"names [Unintelligible: 51.00], Elliott and Judith\nCohen, David Woodsfellow and Deborah Woodsfellow, and Brad Slutsky and Karen\nSukin where we started our first religious school. There was a core group of\npeople who actually --\n\nBORTZ: Marc Gary and Michelle Gary.\n\nKARPUJ: Yes, that started this dream and it was like just very beautiful.\n\nBERMAN: The folks that came ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=3060.0,3090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/transcript/31820/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from AA --\n\nBORTZ: Mhm.\n\nBERMAN: Were they unhappy with AA?\n\nBORTZ: Actually --\n\nBERMAN: Was that part of the problem?\n\nKARPUJ: There was a moment of tension at AA. Many people left. I think that\nthere was that moment that, with Rabbi Goodman leaving and it was uncertainty\nabout what the future would bring and many of the people had moved out to the\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=3090.0,3120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/transcript/31820/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"suburbs, so many people pick up other congregations to join. Some of them, not\nthe majority of them at all, decided to be part of Or Hadash, and many others\ncame from other places, from other congregations to unaffiliated Jews. It was\nimportant for us when we started that we receive the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=3120.0,3150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/transcript/31820/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"support and the approval\nfrom the AA synagogue who gave us our first humashim to for services and from\nCongregation Etz Chaim who gave us a Torah to start services, and from Camp\nRamah who gave us an ark. So there an effort, a communal effort to help us start\nthat congregation. People ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=3150.0,3180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/transcript/31820/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who used, at that moment, to belong to other\ncongregations who said, \"We are staying at our congregations but we love what\nyou are planning to do,\" and supported us like Lois and Larry Frank. So we have\nthis entire group of people who were like, \"We love what you want to do, and\nwe'd love for you to succeed.\"\n\nBORTZ: To have a little bit of the social aspect of our congregation and the\ndreamers that really were builders of the congregation and mentor to us, many\npeople stayed ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=3180.0,3210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/transcript/31820/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"members of their previous congregation. We were very happy about\nthat because nobody burned bridges with their source, so they stayed in their\ncongregations and there was not that kind of animosity, \"Oh you are leaving us\nto start with these two rabbis.\" So they kept their membership, the ones who\nwere able to do it financially and they became also members of Or Hadash. Some\nof them full members, some of them associate members. Nobody ever has been\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=3210.0,3240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/transcript/31820/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"rejected as members of Or Hadash because of not being able to financially\nsupport the congregation. The doors have been open regardless of your financial\neconomical status. So many of our members were still members of other\ncongregations, and besides that, we were very honor that by the first year of Or\nHadash we had seven past presidents of JF\u0026CS [Jewish Family \u0026 Career Services]\nthat were members of Or Hadash, and most of them board members of Or Hadash.\n\nBERMAN: Where ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=3240.0,3270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/transcript/31820/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"did you first meet the congregation?\n\nKARPUJ: Oh, so we bought a house, not having a place to have services was like,\nand Eileen Miller found us the social hall of the Sandy Springs Methodist\nChurch. They were incredibly generous, they gave us that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=3270.0,3300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/transcript/31820/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"space and they have us\neventually the entire building on Wednesdays to have our religious school, our\nMachon Hadash. So we stayed there for three years of our congregation. Very\nquickly we realize that there was a limit of the amount of people who was able\nto send an ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=3300.0,3330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/transcript/31820/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"invitation for a bar mitzvah that said, \"My son, Ari, will read Torah\non the Sandy Springs Methodist Church.\" So pretty quickly we decided we needed\nsome other place to hold b'nai mitzvah. We have already celebrated High Holy\nDays. We started on August 1, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=3330.0,3360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/transcript/31820/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"2003. That September, we celebrated High Holy Days\nat the then Greenfield Hebrew Academy and so when we started our b'nai mitzvah\nwith other of the founding members like Shiel and Margot Edlin and with --\n\nBORTZ: Sharon and Jed.\n\nKARPUJ: Sharon and Jed Rosenfeld. We started doing ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=3360.0,3390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/transcript/31820/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"services there. After three\nyears, we, after having in some other churches in the area, the Sandy Springs\nChristian Church, we moved into the Weber School and we spent there some years there.\n\nBORTZ: Those years were hard years for us as a family because we have at this\nmoment a teenager and a pre-teen and because, praise God, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=3390.0,3420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/transcript/31820/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"even from the first\nyear, you know, really right from the beginning, we started having b'nai\nmitzvah. We did have a lot of b'nai mitzvah during the year because the\ncongregation was starting growing with kind of our age friends and, you know, so\neverybody has bar mitzvah kids at that moment. So we needed to, we don't drive\non Shabbat, so we needed to move to the other side of Sandy Springs. Our home\nwas on the side of Sandy Springs of the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=3420.0,3450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/transcript/31820/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"30328 zip code, and the Hebrew Academy,\nor today is the Atlanta Jewish Academy, is in the 30342 zip code. So we, every\nsingle Friday afternoon our girls would come back from the Epstein School, we\nwould pack our bags and we would leave to the other side of Sandy Springs. We\nwould stay sometimes with [Unintelligible: 57.53] family members, with Dr. Steve\nKutner and Jeanney Kutner, or with Shelli ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=3450.0,3480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/transcript/31820/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Bank, Dr. Shelli Bank and Mike\nRosenzweig, you know, one way or the other. So we would alternate, you know,\ndifferent weekends staying there. Sometimes you have a holy day that would end\nup after that in a weekend in which we have bar mitzvahs, and so we have, you\nknow, Wednesday and Thursday and Friday and Shabbat to stay on the other side of\nSandy Springs. So the doors of our members have been open to us for a long, long\ntime. Those were the years until we were able to have a more permanent home when\nwe went to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=3480.0,3510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/transcript/31820/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Weber School. But when we went to the Weber School, anyway, we\nhave been dealing with the situation at the Hebrew Academy and the auditorium,\nthe [Unintelligible: 58.40] auditorium at the Academy was too small and so we\nmoved to the JCC [Jewish Community Center] for the High Holy Days. We were\nhosted, we have been hosted every single year, as we were part of the JCC and\nthe High Holy Days, with Paul and Barbara Flexner for a long, long time. So, you\nknow, our members have opened their ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=3510.0,3540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/transcript/31820/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"doors with beautiful, very yummy Shabbat\nmeals and holiday meals for us. They hosted us and we all became a big family.\n\nBERMAN: How many congregants are there today?\n\nBORTZ: About 350, yes, 350 families, so about 1,200 to 1,300 congregants.\n\nBERMAN: That's quite a legacy. Can you speak to that a little bit? About how you\nfeel about that legacy?\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=3540.0,3570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/transcript/31820/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"KARPUJ: When we all started this it was like a dream because we have never\nactually panned this or imagined this, it was, we didn't much know how to do\nthis. I mean, it was not that we have a good plan that we were following. The\nmost amazing thing that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=3570.0,3600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/transcript/31820/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"happened was the moment we realized that we're actually\ncreating community. Some of my fondest memories are of just seeing, standing\nafter services on a Kiddush and seeing people sitting on the table, and you see\nall those people and they're family, they really act as a family. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=3600.0,3630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/transcript/31820/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They help each\nother in times of need, they celebrate each other in times of joy, they travel\ntogether, they're family. You talk to them and I said, \"How long do you know\neach other?\" They say, \"Oh, we met three years ago at an Or Hadash retreat.\"\nThat notion that we're able to be part of the creation of something that\nactually became like so ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=3630.0,3660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/transcript/31820/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"meaningful and so central to people's lives is a gift\nthat, you know, every time I speak I get goosebumps because it's the most\namazing blessing. For years, people thought that Or Hadash was just, you know,\nour creation and that it was sustainable as long as we were here and for years\nwe have known, even ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=3660.0,3690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/transcript/31820/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if people didn't realize, that there was a lot of things\nhappening at the congregation that has nothing to do with us. There was a true\ncommunity there that didn't depend on us in any way and that's the most\nbeautiful gift and blessing that we have received in this process.\n\nBORTZ: I think the quantification of how many families are we, we never really\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=3690.0,3720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/transcript/31820/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"grab the number. It has been such an organic, natural way of growing and we have\nbeen in the midst of that growing. So we are part of the families, we are\nmembers of our shul and we love being members of our shul. We always talk about\nthe kehilah kedosha, which is the holy congregation that we have all built\ntogether, we speak about the extended family of Or Hadash. We never grab any\nsense of, this is first ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=3720.0,3750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/transcript/31820/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"generation or second generation, we try very hard for\npeople not to talk about the founder member, right? I mean, we try for everybody\nto feel that it doesn't matter if you have been there for two weeks or for 17\nyears. You count. You are part of our extended family at Or Hadash. I think that\nit was a little bit difficult to go from rabbi centered to community centered\nand but because of the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=3750.0,3780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/transcript/31820/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"dedication of our volunteers, it also went through very,\nvery smoothly to become community centered and not necessarily rabbi centered.\nThat makes it so much easier now in the transition as we are, you know, just a\nfew weeks from making Aliyah. It would be very painful for us to see that it has\nbeen rabbi center and now everything, you know, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=3780.0,3810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/transcript/31820/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"deludes itself. Our success is\nmeasured by the fact that the congregation will succeed when we leave and with\nthe next generation and the next generation.\n\nBERMAN: Speaking of leaving, how did you come to this decision? Why now? Was it\na progression of thought?\n\nKARPUJ: We . . . I moved to Israel in the late, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=3810.0,3840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/transcript/31820/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in 1984, thinking that I would\njust live there, that was always my dream and kind of my path, you know, I have\nmy grandparents there, I have uncles, I have family. It was our education. That\nwas the place for us to be. Then life took us to different places, but we always\nknew that that was the place in which we wanted to end going to. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=3840.0,3870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/transcript/31820/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We always knew\nthat we wanted to go to live there, and not going to die there. So it has been\nin our mind for a long, long time. Nobody in the congregation was shocked in any\nway with our decision. It has been, it may have been ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=3870.0,3900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/transcript/31820/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"unexpected for some, the\ntiming, why now and not in five years or in ten years, but it was always clear\nthat our path was to move from here to Jerusalem. When we first sent a letter\nexplaining the decision to the congregation, we spoke about these moments of\nchai, of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=3900.0,3930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/transcript/31820/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"18. We wrote about 18 years growing up and getting our identity, and\nthe second 18 years becoming rabbis and starting our career. The third 18 years\nthat were, are marked mostly by the creation of Or Hadash, and as we start now\nour fourth chai, if you want, it was time for us to move to the next dream that\nwas always ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=3930.0,3960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/transcript/31820/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there, and that is to live in Israel. So we felt that this is the time.\n\nBORTZ: We're going home. I mean, Atlanta obviously has been an incredible home\nfor us for 20 years. We were built this way since we were babies. I mean, we\nwere, our genes are carrying the DNA of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=3960.0,3990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/transcript/31820/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Zionism. We're going home. We're going\nto Yerushalayim.\n\nBERMAN: You'll be living in Jerusalem?\n\nBORTZ: Mhm.\n\nKARPUJ: Yes.\n\nBERMAN: Do you plan on retiring or continuing --\n\nKARPUJ: We --\n\nBERMAN: -- to work?\n\nKARPUJ: So we, we're pretty set in that we're not taking another congregation to\nbe pulpit rabbis. We have been doing this for over 30 ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=3990.0,4020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/transcript/31820/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"years. If we wanted to\nkeep doing this, we would stay here because there would be no other place we can\never be more comfortable and more loved and that we love more than Or Hadash. So\nwe're not doing that, but we don't have a plan right now. I feel that after 30\nyears of doing this, we need ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=4020.0,4050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/transcript/31820/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to put some space in between and get there, find\nourselves, and start thinking about what do we want to do next.\n\nBERMAN: You said one of your daughters lives there?\n\nKARPUJ: Mhm.\n\nBORTZ: One of our daughters made Aliyah in 2015. She was a lone soldier, she did\nthe army, and now she's at the Hebrew University studying and working. Yeah.\n\nBERMAN: That's wonderful. So you'll have, and do you have other family, you have\na lot of family there?\n\nKARPUJ: Yes, and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=4050.0,4080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/transcript/31820/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"friends.\n\nBORTZ: I have a little bit of family in Israel. It's not Mario's case. Mario's\ncase is basically when you turn around in Israel, one out of five people is\nalready his cousin. It's a huge family, he has a huge family there, yeah. And we\nhave lots of friends so it's an easy adjustment for us. Culturally, we speak the\nlanguage, we have been there hundreds of times so it's ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=4080.0,4110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/transcript/31820/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not going to be easy,\ndifficult for us, yeah.\n\nBERMAN: How did, who came up with the name Or Hadash?\n\nKARPUJ: When it was starting out, we were both starting out rabbinical school, a\nfriend of ours . . . rabbinical school in Argentina, there's a tradition that\nwhile you are studying, because Buenos Aires with a huge Jewish community has\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=4110.0,4140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/transcript/31820/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"more congregations than rabbis, the people while they are studying also conduct\nservices and lead congregations. So a friend of ours, Rabbi Mauricio Balter was\nleaving, he was studying at the seminary and he was leaving for Israel to finish\nhis rabbinical studies, approached us ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=4140.0,4170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/transcript/31820/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to take care of the congregation while he\nwas in Israel. We spent there three years. We got there as boyfriend and\ngirlfriend. We left the place married and with a daughter. Actually the last\nthing we did there was the baby naming of our daughter, and that congregation is\nOr Hadash, that's the name ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=4170.0,4200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/transcript/31820/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the congregation. So when we started with this\nidea of starting a new congregation and they said, \"Do you have a name in mind?\"\nImmediately we said Or Hadash because it took us back too that beautiful time in\nour life and experience in that congregation.\n\nBORTZ: We just looked at each other and we didn't even think, in unison, we say,\n\"Or Hadash.\" The people who were around the table said like, \"Did you practice\nthis? Did you know that this question as coming?\" I said like ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=4200.0,4230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/transcript/31820/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we didn't have to\npractice or knowing that in advance. I mean, we just look at each other with\nsuch an important time of our lives.\n\nKARPUJ: Formative.\n\nBERMAN: Do you both still have family in Argentina? A little bit?\n\nBORTZ: Mhm.\n\nBERMAN: Do you get back there often?\n\nKARPUJ: Yes.\n\nBORTZ: I have my brothers. My parents, unfortunately, they are deceased, but my\nbrothers with their families, lots of cousins in Argentina. We try, we used to\ntry to go there at ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=4230.0,4260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/transcript/31820/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"least maybe once a year, maybe once every other year. I did\ngo a lot because of my parents when they got sick. Then congregational trip,\nanother congregational trip was planned now in May of 2020, was kind of the last\ncongregational trip of Or Hadash to Argentina, but unfortunately it did not\nhappen because of COVID-19. So hopefully ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=4260.0,4290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/transcript/31820/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we'll come back and some people will\nstill want to come with us from Atlanta back to Argentina.\n\nBERMAN: How do you think of the community in Argentina today, the Jewish\ncommunity? Is it growing? Is it dwindling? Is it . . .?\n\nKARPUJ: It's stable. Going back to your, one of your first questions about our\nintegration in that society growing up, it's still the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=4290.0,4320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/transcript/31820/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"case today. So the\nArgentina Jewish community is kind of a mirror of what going on in the country.\nWhen the country is doing well, the congregation, the community is doing well.\nWhen they are going through difficult times, everybody go through difficult\ntimes including the Jewish community. There's still a lot of movement of\nArgentinian Jews moving to Israel and for other places. There are Argentina Jews\neverywhere, but ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=4320.0,4350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/transcript/31820/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"still of course a very strong community, yes.\n\nBERMAN: The fact that the bombing has never really been solved, I mean, we know\nwho basically was involved, but that no one has been brought to justice, how has\nthat effected the community and --\n\nBORTZ: I think --\n\nBERMAN: -- how the thought about the government?\n\nBORTZ: Right. I think that actually it did mobilize the community in a positive\nway in the unification of the Argentinian community. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=4350.0,4380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/transcript/31820/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In some aspect for\npolitical reasons, some people were like politically apart, but nevertheless\nthis sense of claiming for justice, people have gone, not just the Jews but in\ngeneral, people have gone to the streets, they have marched together. There were\nmarches that were vocal marches and others, you know, with voices and very\nstrong messages, and others that were silent marches, for the entire community\nto come together to clarify what the things that have been hidden. A lot of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=4380.0,4410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/transcript/31820/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the\nthings that have happened in even today because, you know, the governments are\nrecycling themselves let's say. They are coming back, part of those governments,\nand so the claim for justice is still there. I think that these two bombings and\nother things that did happen in Argentina, not just for the Jewish community,\nhave motivated the people to say, \"Hear our voices, we want to be heard.\" So I\nthink that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=4410.0,4440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/transcript/31820/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in many aspects of the community was a very strong sense of prodest\nthat we need to be together to be unified.\n\nKARPUJ: And yet we're about to remember the 26th anniversary of the bombing in\ntwo weeks and it's still unresolved, but as Analia said, there's a sense that\nthis debt with a society is shared by everyone, including the political\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=4440.0,4470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/transcript/31820/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"echelons, right?\n\nBERMAN: Finally I'd like to ask you, you've been here 20 years, what have you,\nwhat are the main things you've gotten out of your 20 year tenure in Atlanta?\nWhat will you take away from these 20 years? Friends, community, what, how would\nyou sum it up? ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=4470.0,4500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/transcript/31820/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's a tough question.\n\nBORTZ: It's a very emotional question. We have friends that became family by\nchoice. We have people that we trust with all our hearts. We feel that they\ntrust us, also, with all of their hearts. We feel, we love them, we feel that we\nare loved. We have truly ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=4500.0,4530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/transcript/31820/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"created this sense of family not only because of the\nneed of having family here because of the commitment of the people, the passion\nof the people, that sense of the givers. We are surrounded by an incredible\ngroup of people, very large incredible group of people that we ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=4530.0,4560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/transcript/31820/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"love literally\nwith all of our hearts, all of our minds, and all our souls. It's our family by\nchoice. People who dared to dream, that dream with us that we have built\ntogether, and we take them with us. We take each one with us.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=4560.0,4590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/transcript/31820/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"KARPUJ: If I have to sum our experience here, I have to start by saying that, if\nyou asked me a year before we came to Atlanta to give you a list of ten\ncountries in which I may think I may spend some time living there, the US was\nnot one of those. To think that we spent ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=4590.0,4620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/transcript/31820/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"20 years here is still kind of\nunthinkable, unbelievable, it blows my mind when I think about it. The fact that\nwe feel this is home and that when we are saying goodbye to people, we don't say\ngoodbye, actually we say, \"Lehitraot,\" until we see each other again, because I\ncannot imagine the rest of my life without coming here often to visit. This ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=4620.0,4650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/transcript/31820/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is\nour home. The amazing gift, blessing of having been able to journey through life\nwith amazing people. The day that it was announced at AA that we would not renew\nour contract, a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=4650.0,4680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/transcript/31820/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"young couple came to services and told us that they have just\ngotten engaged and that it was not important to where we were going next, that\nwe would be back here in Atlanta to do their chuppah when the time came. That\ncouple, Ben and Raina Nadler, we did a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=4680.0,4710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/transcript/31820/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"chuppah, we did a baby naming of their\ndaughters, we did the bat mitzvah of the eldest daughter, and Ben just finished\nhis two years as president of the synagogue. To me, they are like a symbol of\nthat cycle of going through life with people and growing together and giving and\nreceiving in equal parts ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=4710.0,4740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/transcript/31820/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"love and encouragement and building together. I think\nit was a very unfair question to ask us about people's names because every two\nseconds I keep thinking of other names and other places. Jay Kaiman and Natalie,\nwho, Jay did the first seminars at Congregation E-Manuel ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=4740.0,4770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/transcript/31820/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when we were about to\nstart a congregation and were like, \"How do we do this? What are we, what should\nwe be thinking about?\" Temple Sinai, who gave us space to have the congregation\nthere for a year, Machon Hadash, the religious school, and Congregation B'nai\nTorah who gave us the space to be there for a year, we did together actually. So\nit has been a labor of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=4770.0,4800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/transcript/31820/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"love and it has been in many ways, it's not about us,\nAnalia and Mario, it's not about Or Hadash, but it has been about the Jewish\ncommunity of Atlanta. We feel very much part of it. We are incredibly privileged\nand lucky to have been a part of it and in a very real way they were like the\nlens through which we saw the entire society and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=4800.0,4830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/transcript/31820/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"America. Leaving the country\nright now, in these very difficult times, and with all the divisions in the\ncountry, we still go back to that place in which we can still remember standing\non the bimah, right when we got together, and seeing where regulars sit all over\nthe place. Seeing that they come from all ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=4830.0,4860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/transcript/31820/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"over, all kinds of backgrounds and all\nkinds of political ideas, and that they're all in the same room under the same\nroof building together a community gives us hope for the future of this\ncommunity, of this country, and of the world in general.\n\nBORTZ: Yeah, Atlanta has something that is a crown in Atlanta, which is the\nAtlanta ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=4860.0,4890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/transcript/31820/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rabbinical Association. All our colleagues, we are over, you know, 60,\nthe heart of the Atlanta Rabbinical Association, and we get together, we study\ntogether, we are all the denominations, we are in the same roof, we have\ndialogues, we listen to each other, we respect each other's opinions, we value\neverybody's opinions. Men, women, Orthodox, Reform, Conservative,\nReconstructionist, and everything in between, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=4890.0,4920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/transcript/31820/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that speaks very highly of this\ncommunity in which the many voices can be heard. And --\n\nKARPUJ: And it shouldn't be taken for granted.\n\nBORTZ: We don't take that for granted. We are incredibly appreciative also of\nthe Marcus Foundation because they, they're giving to the Atlanta Rabbinical\nAssociation a platform for all of us to come and study together. I think that\nevery time we finish one of those meetings, one of the opportunities to study\ntogether, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=4920.0,4950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/transcript/31820/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I feel the privilege of being a part of this community. You know it's,\nevery time we finish a board meeting and we have so much fun at Or Hadash in the\nboard meetings, I always says Shehecheyanu. We finish studying with the Atlanta\nRabbinical Association is another opportunity for Shehecheyanu. We don't take\nanything, anything for granted. It's, we feel incredibly blessed. It's been a\nbeautiful journey.\n\nBERMAN: I am very sure ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=4950.0,4980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/transcript/31820/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that if we had the same interview with all the people you\nmentioned they would be saying the same thing about the two of you. So this has\nbeen a privilege for me and I thank you very much for agreeing to do this.\n\nBORTZ: Thank you.\n\nKARPUJ: Our pleasure. Thank you.\n\nBORTZ: Thank you so much.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=4980.0,5010.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/annotation_set/558","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Annotations [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/annotation_set/558/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Esther and Herbert Taylor Family Foundation supports The Esther and Herbert Taylor Oral History Collection at the Cuba Family Archives for Southern Jewish History at the Breman Museum in Atlanta, which consists of a thousand oral histories that document Jewish life in Georgia and Alabama. The Foundation was founded in 1983 and is administered by the Jewish Federation of Greater Atlanta.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/annotation_set/558/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum in Atlanta celebrates and commemorates Jewish history, culture, and art through events and museum spaces. The Breman also contains the Cuba Family Archives for Southern Jewish History, which houses thousands of manuscripts, oral histories, and photograph collections, related to southern Jewish history and the Holocaust.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/annotation_set/558/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eAliyah\u003c/em\u003e (Hebrew: \"ascent\") is the immigration of Jews from the diaspora to the Land of Israel historically, which today includes the modern State of Israel. Also defined as \"the act of going up\"—that is, towards Jerusalem—\"making \u003cem\u003ealiyah\u003c/em\u003e\" by moving to the Land of Israel is one of the most basic tenets of Zionism. The opposite action, emigration from Israel, is referred to in Hebrew as \u003cem\u003eyerida\u003c/em\u003e (\"descent\"). The State of Israel's Law of Return gives Jews, their children, and their grandchildren automatic rights regarding residency and Israeli citizenship. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/annotation_set/558/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBuenos Aires, officially the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires, is the capital and largest city of Argentina. The city is located on the western shore of the Rio de la Plata, on South America’s southeastern coast.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/annotation_set/558/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eZionism is a movement which supports a Jewish national state in the territory defined as the Land of Israel. Although Zionism existed before the nineteenth century, in the 1890s Theodor Herzl popularized it and gave it a new urgency, as he believed that Jewish life in Europe was threatened and a State of Israel was needed. The State of Israel was established in 1948 and Zionism today is expressed as support for the continued existence of Israel.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=60.0,90.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/annotation_set/558/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDnipro, previously called Dniepropetrovsk from 1926 until May 2016, is Ukraine’s fourth-largest city, with about one million inhabitants. The city is located on the Dnieper River in central Ukraine.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=90.0,120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/annotation_set/558/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJewish gauchos were Jewish immigrants who settled in fertile region of Argentina in agricultural colonies established by the Jewish Colonization Association. The association was established by Baron Maurice de Hirsch, a Jewish-French industrialist who amassed a fortune building railroads in Russia.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=90.0,120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/annotation_set/558/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe term “concentration camp” refers to a camp in which people are detained or confined, usually under harsh conditions and without regard to legal norms of arrest and imprisonment that are acceptable in a constitutional democracy. In Nazi Germany between 1933 and 1945, concentration camps (\u003cem\u003eKonzentrationslager\u003c/em\u003e; briefly “KL” or “KZ”) were an integral feature of the regime. The Nazis differentiated between concentration camps, which were used to contain slave laborers and prisoners of the Nazi state, and extermination camps, whose primary purpose was the systematic killing of prisoners.  Shortly after coming to power in 1933, the Nazis began to set up a series of concentration camps across Germany. Those were mostly local initiatives: facilities that the SA, SS, and police established on an ad hoc basis, where they would detain and abuse real and imagined enemies of the regime. By 1934, there were over 100 of these early camps in operation. When the Nazi regime came to power, they systematically persecuted both Jewish and non-Jewish Germans perceived to be opponents of the regime. Political opponents (Communists, Social Democrats, liberals) were some of the first victims housed in “temporary” detention centers like Lichtenburg. Jews, homosexuals, Freemasons, Jehovah's Witnesses, clergy who opposed the Nazis, and any others whose behavior—real or perceived—could be interpreted as being in opposition to Nazi political and racial ideologies were also persecuted and incarcerated. The Nazi regime refused to tolerate criticism, dissent, or nonconformity from the German people. Non-Jewish German political activists were treated harshly but other political opponents remained potentially valuable members of the German race. The goal behind their internment in and subsequent release from concentration camps was often a kind of reeducation that would see them fall into line with the regime’s political and racial ideologies. Between 1933 and 1939, tens of thousands of Germans were sentenced by the criminal courts. If authorities were confident of a conviction in court, the prisoner was turned over to the justice system for trial. If the outcome of criminal proceedings were unsatisfactory, the acquitted citizen or the citizen who was sentenced to a suspended sentence would still be taken into “protective detention” and incarcerated in a concentration camp. The first concentration camps were established in 1933. Various authorities set up the makeshift “camps” in empty warehouses, factories, and other locations. Camps were established in Oranienburg, north of Berlin; Esterwegen, near Hamburg; Dachau, northwest of Munich; and Lichtenburg, in Saxony. By the end of July 1933, almost 27,000 people were housed in these camps. Most of the prisoners were political opponents of the Nazi regime. By the end of 1934, most of these early camps were disbanded and replaced by a centrally organized concentration camp system under the exclusive jurisdiction of the SS. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=120.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/annotation_set/558/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMajdanek was a Nazi concentration and extermination camp built and operated by the SS on the outskirts of the city of Lublin during the German occupation of Poland in World War II. The Lublin concentration camp received its more widely known nickname “Majdanek” (“Little Majdan”) due to its proximity to the Majdan Tatarski suburb of Lublin (Poland). Majdanek concentration camp is also often called the “other Auschwitz.” Majdanek was established in July 1941 and served many purposes. It was intended to provide labor for the entire region, which the SS wanted to turn into a German military-industrial-agricultural utopia. It provided a labor pool (mostly Jews) for labor camps in the area. Between 74,000 to 90,000 Jews were deported to Majdanek throughout its life. It also served as a transit camp for Polish and Soviet citizens who were being sent to forced labor in Germany. On November 3-4, 1943, most of the Jewish prisoners were murdered by shooting in the camp in an \u003cem\u003eAktion\u003c/em\u003e (German: action, operation) called “Operation Erntefest” (“Harvest Festival.”) Majdanek had a small gas chamber and crematorium so it was also an immediate extermination site although not on the scale of Auschwitz-Birkenau. About 500,000 persons passed through the camp over its life of which about 360,000 were murdered in a variety of ways. The camp was evacuated as the Russian army advanced with about half of the prisoners being sent to Auschwitz-Birkenau. In July 1944, the Russians liberated the camp. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=120.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/annotation_set/558/annotation/177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCordoba is a city in central Argentina, in the foothills of the Sierras Chicas on the Suquia River, about 700 km northwest of Buenos Aires. Cordoba is the capital of Cordoba Province and is the second most populous city in Argentina.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=120.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/annotation_set/558/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAnyksciai (Anykščiai) is a ski resort town in Lithuania. The city has a resort status in Lithuania and is a popular destination for domestic tourism. Anyksciai is home to the tallest church in Lithuania, the Roman Catholic Church of St. Matthias.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=150.0,180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/annotation_set/558/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWarsaw is the capital and largest city of Poland. The city is located on the Vistula River in east-central Poland. Warsaw is an alpha-global city, a major international tourist destination, and a significant cultural, political, and economic hub.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=150.0,180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/annotation_set/558/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLviv is the largest city in western Ukraine and is one of the main cultural centers of Ukraine. After the German-Soviet invasion of Poland in 1939, Lviv became part of the Soviet Union. In 1991, it became part of the independent nation of Ukraine.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=150.0,180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/annotation_set/558/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA Jewish day school is a modern Jewish educational institution that is designed to provide children of Jewish parents with both a Jewish and a secular education in one school on a full-time basis. The term “day school” is used to differentiate schools attended during the day from part-time weekend schools, as well as secular or religious “boarding school” equivalents where the students live full-time as well as study.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=180.0,210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/annotation_set/558/annotation/182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Dnieper is one of the major rivers of Europe, rising in the Valdai Hills near Smolensk, Russia, before flowing through Belarus and Ukraine to the Black Sea. It is the longest river of Ukraine and Belarus and the fourth-longest river in Europe.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=210.0,240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/annotation_set/558/annotation/183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAlexander III was Emperor of Russia, King of Poland, and Grand Duke of Finland from 13 March 1881 until his death in 1894. He was highly reactionary and reversed some of the liberal reforms of his father, Alexander II. Alexander’s ascension to the throne was followed by an outbreak of anti-Jewish riots and his reign saw drastic deterioration I the Jews’ economic, social, and political condition. Alexander’s “May Laws” of 1882 encouraged open anti-Jewish sentiment and dozens of pogroms across the western part of the empire. As a result, many Jews emigrated to Western Europe and the United States.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=240.0,270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/annotation_set/558/annotation/184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA pogrom is an organized massacre of a particular ethic group, in particular that of Jewish people in Russia or Eastern Europe.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=240.0,270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/annotation_set/558/annotation/185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eNicholas II or Nikolai II Alexandrovich Romanov, known in the Russian Orthodox Church as Saint Nicholas the Passion-Bearer, was the last Emperor of Russia. He ruled from 1 November 1894 until his abdication on 15 March 1917. The Kishinev pogrom was an anti-Jewish riot that took place in Kishinev, then the capital of the Bessarabia Governorate in the Russian Empire, on April 19-21, 1903. The 1903 pogrom resulted in 49 Jews being killed, a number of Jewish women being raped, and 1,500 homes were damaged. The pogrom happened while Nicholas II was Emperor of Russia. The incident focused worldwide attention on the persecution of Jews in Russia and led Theodore Herzl to propose the Uganda Scheme for resettlement of the Jews.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=240.0,270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/annotation_set/558/annotation/186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMoritz von Hirsch (1831-1896), commonly known as Maurice de Hirsch, was a German Jewish financier and philanthropist who set up charitable foundations to promote Jewish education and improve the lot of oppressed European Jewry. He was the founder of the Jewish Colonization Association, which sponsored large-scale Jewish immigration to Argentina.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=270.0,300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/annotation_set/558/annotation/187","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTheodor Herzl (1860-1904) was the father of modern political Zionism. In 1896 he published\u003cem\u003e The Jewish State\u003c/em\u003e, in which he advocated the establishment of a Jewish state. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=270.0,300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/annotation_set/558/annotation/188","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Promised Land is the land which, according to the Tanakh, God promised and subsequently gave to Abraham and to his descendants. In modern contexts the phrase “Promised Land” expresses an image and idea related both to the restored homeland for the Jewish people and to salvation and liberation.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=270.0,300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/annotation_set/558/annotation/189","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Tsars were the Emperors of Russia before 1917.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=300.0,330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/annotation_set/558/annotation/190","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEntre Rios is a central province of Argentina, located in the Mesopotamia region. It borders the provinces of Buenos Aires to the south, Corrientes to the north, Santa Fe to the west, and Uruguay in the east. Together with Cordoba and Santa Fe, since 1999, the province is part of the economic-political association known as the Center Region.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=300.0,330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/annotation_set/558/annotation/191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA \u003cem\u003ekibbutz\u003c/em\u003e is a collective community in Israel that was traditionally based on agriculture. The first \u003cem\u003ekibbutz\u003c/em\u003e, established in 1909, was Dengania. Today, farming has been partly supplanted by other economic branches, including industrial plans and high-tech enterprises. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=300.0,330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/annotation_set/558/annotation/192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLa Pampa is a province in central Argentina within the vast Pampas grasslands. Estancias (ranches) dot the fertile plains around the laid-back provincial capital, Santa Rosa.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=330.0,360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/annotation_set/558/annotation/193","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCatholic monarchs Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I of Castile established the Tribunal of the Holy Office of the Inquisition, commonly known as the “Spanish Inquisition,” in 1478. It was originally intended to ensure the orthodoxy of those who converted to Catholicism from Judaism and Islam. Those Jews who converted were called conversos (converts), and were regarded with deep suspicion by the tribunal. Eventually, all Jews who refused to convert were totally expelled from Spain in 1492. The figures vary dramatically from 800,000 to more modern figures of 40,000 (with about 40,000 Jews converting to avoid expulsion). The Jews immigrated first to Portugal (which in turn expelled them in 1497), and then to North Africa. Some went to Italy, Greece, and other places in Europe. These became the “Sephardim.” The conversos who remained in Spain were heavily persecuted, and, if accused and convicted of being a “crypto-Jew,” were often burned at the stake. Other minorities suffered as well.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=420.0,450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/annotation_set/558/annotation/194","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA \u003cem\u003econverso\u003c/em\u003e, “convert”, was a Jew who converted to Catholicism in Spain or Portugal, particularly during the 14th and 15th centuries, or one of their descendants. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=420.0,450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/annotation_set/558/annotation/195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Sinagoga de la Congregacion Israelita Argentina, also called Templo Libertad, is a synagogue situated in Buenos Aires, Argentina. The synagogue is home to the Congregacion Israelita de la Republica Argentina and houses a Jewish history museum. The cornerstone was laid in 1897, and it was inaugurated in 1932 after 35 years of building.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=510.0,540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/annotation_set/558/annotation/196","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Buenos Aires Jewish community was established in 1862 and held its first traditional Jewish wedding in 1868. The first synagogue was inaugurated in 1875.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=540.0,570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/annotation_set/558/annotation/197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJerusalem is a city in Western Asia on a plateau in the Judaean Mountains between the Mediterranean and the Dead Sea. It is one of the oldest cities in the world, and is considered holy to the three major Abrahamic religions – Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. Both Israelis and Palestinians claim Jerusalem as their capital, as Israel maintains its primary governmental institutions there and the State of Palestine ultimately foresees it as its seat of power.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=600.0,630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/annotation_set/558/annotation/198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAnti-Semitism is prejudice against, hostility to, or hatred of Jews.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=660.0,690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/annotation_set/558/annotation/199","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Holocaust was the systematic, government-sponsored attempt by the German Nazi government to annihilate the Jews of Europe between 1939 and 1945, which resulted in the deaths of 6,000,000 Jews.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=780.0,810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/annotation_set/558/annotation/200","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJuan Domingo Peron (8 October 1895 – 1 July 1974) was an Argentine Army general and politician. After serving in several government positions, including Minister of Labor and Vice President of a military dictatorship, he was elected President of Argentina three times, serving from June 1946 to September 1955 and then from October 1973 until his death in July 1974. Argentina became a safe haven for Nazi war criminals after World War II when Peron offered them explicit protection.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=810.0,840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/annotation_set/558/annotation/201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe National Socialist German Workers’ Party (NSDAP), commonly known as the “Nazi Party,” was a political party in Germany active between 1920 and 1945. The party’s leader was Adolf Hitler. Initially, Nazi political strategy focused on anti-big business, anti-bourgeois, and anti-capitalist rhetoric. In the 1930s the party's focus shifted to anti-Semitic and anti-Marxist themes. Racism was also central to Nazism. The Nazis aimed to unite all Germans as national comrades, whilst excluding those deemed either to be community aliens or of a foreign race. The Nazis sought to improve the stock of the Germanic people through racial purity and eugenics, broad social welfare programs, and a disregard for the value of individual life, which could be sacrificed for the good of the Nazi state and the “Aryan master race.” The persecution reached its climax when the party-controlled German state organized the systematic murder of approximately 6,000,000 Jews and 5,000,000 people from the other targeted groups.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=810.0,840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/annotation_set/558/annotation/202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) is a humanitarian organization based in Geneva, Switzerland, and a three-time Nobel Prize Laureate. State parties to the Geneva Convention of 1949 and its Additional Protocols of 1977 and 2005 have given the ICRC a mandate to protect victims of international and armed conflicts. Such victims include war wounded persons, prisoners, refuges, civilians, and other non-combatants.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=810.0,840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/annotation_set/558/annotation/203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eKarl Adolf Eichmann (1906-1962) was a German-Austrian SS-Obersturmbannführer and one of the major organizers of the Holocaust. During World War II, Eichmann headed Gestapo Department IV B4 for Jewish Affairs, serving as a self-proclaimed “Jewish specialist” and was the man responsible for keeping the trains rolling from all over Europe to death camps during the Final Solution. He escaped from the Allied forces that had captured him after World War II, disappeared, and was presumed dead by some until he was apprehended in Argentina in May of 1960. In 1962, was hanged by the State of Israel for his part in the Holocaust.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=870.0,900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/annotation_set/558/annotation/204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eErich Priebke (1913-2013) was a German mid-level SS commander in the SS police force of Nazi Germany. In 1996, he was convicted of war crimes in Italy for commanding the unit which was responsible for the Ardeatine massacre in Rome on 24 March 1944 in which 335 Italian civilians were killed in retaliation for a partisan attack that killed 33 men of the German SS Police Regiment Bozen. Priebke was one of the men held responsible for this mass execution. After Nazi Germany was defeated, Priebke fled to Argentina and lived there for almost 50 years.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=870.0,900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/annotation_set/558/annotation/205","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJosef Mengele (1911-1979) was a German SS officer and physician during World War II. He was notorious for being one of the physicians who sorted newly arrived prisoners on the ramp at Auschwitz-Birkenau, picking out those he wanted for his medical experiments—especially twins—thus earning him the nickname the “Angel of Death.” Many survivors recall being selected by Mengele, but caution should be used because Mengele only arrived in Auschwitz-Birkenau on May 24, 1943. He fled the camp before the Russians arrived and turned up in Gross-Rosen for a while and a few others camps until he assumed the guise of a Wehrmacht soldier and tried to flee west undetected. However, the Americans, who did not know who he was or what he had done, captured him. He was released in June 1945 under the name “Fritz Hollman.” From July 1945 until May 1949 he worked on a farm in Bavaria and then fled to Argentina. He moved through several countries in South America, always being pursued to be brought to justice. He died in Brazil on February 7, 1979.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=900.0,930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/annotation_set/558/annotation/206","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSocialism is a political and economic theory of social organization which advocates that the means of production, distribution, and exchange should be owned or regulated by the community as a whole.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=960.0,990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/annotation_set/558/annotation/207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCommunism is a political theory derived from Karl Marx that advocates for class war that leads to a society in which all property is publicly owned and each person works and is paid according to their abilities and needs.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=960.0,990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/annotation_set/558/annotation/208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Hebrew University of Jerusalem is a public research university based in Jerusalem, Israel. It is the second-oldest Israeli University, established in 1918, 30 years before the establishment of the State of Israel. It opened officially in April 1925.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=1260.0,1290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/annotation_set/558/annotation/209","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA holistic approach is characterized by comprehension of the parts of something as intimately interconnected and explicable only by reference to the whole. In medicine is is characterized by the treatment of the whole person, taking into account mental and social factors, rather than just the symptoms of a disease.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=1350.0,1380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/annotation_set/558/annotation/210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOn March 17, 1992, a suicide bombing attack was carried out on the building of the Israeli embassy of Argentina in Buenos Aires. 29 civilians were killed in the attack and an additional 242 civilians were injured. The Israeli embassy, a Catholic church, and a nearby school building were all destroyed in the attack. It was Argentina’s deadliest terror attack until the 1994 AMIA bombing and it remains the deadliest attack on an Israeli diplomatic mission.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=1440.0,1470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/annotation_set/558/annotation/211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe AMIA bombing was a suicide van bomb attack on the Argentine Israelite Mutual Association (AMIA) building in Buenos Aires, Argentina on July 18, 1994. The attack killed 85 people and injured hundreds. The bombing is Argentina’s deadliest terrorist attack to date. The case has been marked by accusations of cover-ups in the year since the attack. All suspects in the local connection (among them were many members of the Buenos Aires Provincial Police) were found to be not guilty in September 2004. On October 25, 2006, Argentine prosecutors Alberto Nisman and Marcelo Martinez Burgos formally accused the government of Iran of directing the bombing, and the Hezbollah militia of carrying the attack out. In 2015, Nisman filed a 300-page document accusing former President Cristina Fernandez de Kirchner of covering up Iran’s role in the incident. In 2017, Judge Claudio Bonadio accused Kirchner of treason and called on the country’s senate to permit her arrest and trial for allegedly covering up Iranian involvement in the 1994 attack. The 13th anniversary of the bombing was commemorated on July 18, 2007. Argentina officially declared Hezbollah a terrorist organization in 2019.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=1470.0,1500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/annotation_set/558/annotation/212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Asociacion Mutual Israelita Argentina (Argentine Israelite Mutual Aid Association, AMIA) is a Jewish community center located in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Established as Jevra Kedusha in 1894, its mission was conceived to promote the well-being and development of Jewish life in Argentina and the secure the continuity and values of the Jewish community. The association established one of Buenos Aires’ first Jewish cemeteries, and later founded the Tsedaka Foundation for charity. AMIA became the headquarters of the Federation of Jewish Argentina Communities and grew to provide and sponsor a variety of formal and informal educational, recreational, and cultural activities, as well as a health care cooperative.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=1500.0,1530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/annotation_set/558/annotation/213","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eElul is the 12th month of the Jewish civil year and the sixth month of the ecclesiastic year on the Hebrew calendar. Elul has 29 days and usually occurs in August and September on the Gregorian calendar.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=1530.0,1560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/annotation_set/558/annotation/214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eShimon Peres (1923-2016) was an Israeli politician who served as the ninth President of Israel from 2007-2014. He also served as the eighth Prime Minister of Israel from 1984-1986 and 1995-1996. During his 70 year political career, Peres was a member of 12 cabinets and represented five political parties.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=1770.0,1800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/annotation_set/558/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eNatalio Alberto Nisman (1963-2015) was an Argentine lawyer who worked as a federal prosecutor, noted for being the chief investigator of the 1994 car bombing of the AMIA Jewish center in Buenos Aires, which killed 85 people and is the worst terrorist attack in Argentina’s history. On January 18, 2015, Nisman was murdered at his home in Buenos Aires, just one day before he was scheduled to report his findings on the 1994 attack. His findings included supposedly incriminating evidence against high-ranking officials of the then-current Argentinian government, including former President Cristina Fernandez de Kirchner. Nisman’s death was initially ruled a suicide by forensic experts appointed by Argentina’s Supreme Court in 2015. The initial ruling was overturned in 2017 when his death was determined by a forensic group of the Gendarmerie to have been a homicide.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=1800.0,1830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/annotation_set/558/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRabbi Dr. Analia Bortz and Rabbi Mario Karpuj have two daughters together, Tamar and Adina.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=1800.0,1830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/annotation_set/558/annotation/217","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eFiddler on the Roof\u003c/em\u003e is a 1971 American epic musical comedy-drama film produced and directed by Norman Jewison, and written by Joseph Stein and Sholem Aleichem. The film adaption of the 1964 musical centers on Tevye, a poor Jewish peasant living in Anatevka, who is faced with the challenge of marrying off his five daughters amidst the growing tension in his village. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=1890.0,1920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/annotation_set/558/annotation/218","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Rabbinical Assembly (RA) is the international association of Conservative rabbis. The RA was founded in 1901 to shape the ideology, programs, and practices of the Conservative movement. It publishes prayerbooks and books of Jewish interest, as well as oversees the work of the Committee on Jewish Law and Standards for the Conservative movement. The RA also organizes conferences and coordinates the Joint Placement Commission of the Conservative movement. Members of the RA serve as rabbis, educators, community workers, and military and hospital chaplains around the world. The majority of RA members serve in the United States and Canada, while more than ten percent of its rabbis serve in Israel and many of its rabbis serve in Latin America, countries in Europe, Australia, and Africa.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=1920.0,1950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/annotation_set/558/annotation/219","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDelta Air Lines, Inc., typically referred to as Delta, is one of the major airlines of the United States and a legacy carrier. It is headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=1920.0,1950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/annotation_set/558/annotation/220","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAhavath Achim Synagogue (AA) was founded as an Orthodox congregation in 1887 in a small room on Gilmer Street. In 1901 they moved to a permanent building at the corner of Piedmont Avenue and Gilmer Street. In 1921, the congregation constructed a synagogue at Washington Street and Woodward Avenue. It joined the Conservative movement in 1952. The final service in the Washington Street building was held in 1958 to make way for construction of the Downtown Connector (the concurrent section of Interstate 75 and Interstate 85 through Atlanta). The synagogue moved to its current location on Peachtree Battle Avenue in 1958. As of 2021, Ahavath Achim is the largest Conservative synagogue in the Atlanta area and its current Senior Rabbi is Laurence Rosenthal.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=1950.0,1980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/annotation_set/558/annotation/221","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Epstein School (also known as the Solomon Shechter School of Atlanta) is a private Jewish day school in the Atlanta area located in Sandy Springs. In 1973, Rabbi Harry H. Epstein and the leaders of Ahavath Achim synagogue wanted to create a Conservative Jewish day school. The first campus was housed at the synagogue. In 1987 the school moved to Sandy Springs.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=1950.0,1980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/annotation_set/558/annotation/222","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDuring the 1940s, the Jewish Theological Seminary established several programs to reconnect Jewish youth with the synagogue and cultivate leadership. One of these programs was Camp Ramah, a network of Jewish summer camps affiliated with the Conservative movement. The mission is to create and sustain summer camps and Israel programs that inspire commitment to and engagement in Jewish life. The camps operate in the United States, Canada, and Israel. Ramah camps serve kosher food and are Shabbat-observant.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=1950.0,1980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/annotation_set/558/annotation/223","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Felicia Penzell Weber Jewish Community High School, often referred to as the Weber School, is a coeducational and pluralistic Jewish community high school located in Sandy Springs, Georgia. The Weber school has gone through two name changes since its founding as the New Atlanta Jewish Community High School. The school’s name was changed to the Doris and Alex Weber Jewish Community High School In September 2003, and was renamed to its current name in November 2014.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=1980.0,2010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/annotation_set/558/annotation/224","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Jewish Federation of Greater Atlanta raises funds, which are dispersed throughout the Jewish community. Services also include caring for Jews in need locally and around the world, community outreach, leadership development, and educational opportunities. It is an affiliate of the Jewish Federations of North America (JFNA).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=1980.0,2010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/annotation_set/558/annotation/225","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eMazal\u003c/em\u003e is the modern Hebrew word meaning luck. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=2010.0,2040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/annotation_set/558/annotation/226","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Hebrew saying “\u003cem\u003emakom uzman la’asot\u003c/em\u003e” means to be in the right place (\u003cem\u003emakom\u003c/em\u003e) at the right time (\u003cem\u003euzman\u003c/em\u003e), and you can achieve something (\u003cem\u003ela’asot\u003c/em\u003e). \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=2010.0,2040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/annotation_set/558/annotation/227","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Walt Disney World Resort, also called Walt Disney World and Disney World, is an entertainment resort complex in Bay Lake and lake Buena Vista, Florida.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=2040.0,2070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/annotation_set/558/annotation/228","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCoca-Cola, or Coke, is a carbonated soft drink manufactured by The Cola-Cola Company. Originally marketed as a temperance drink and intended as a patent medicine, it was invented in the late 19th century by John Stith Pemberton in Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=2040.0,2070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/annotation_set/558/annotation/229","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCoca-Cola, or Coke, is a carbonated soft drink manufactured by The Cola-Cola Company. Originally marketed as a temperance drink and intended as a patent medicine, it was invented in the late 19th century by John Stith Pemberton in Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=2040.0,2070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/annotation_set/558/annotation/230","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe 1996 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XXVI Olympiad, commonly known as Atlanta 1996, and also referred to as the Centennial Olympic Games, was an international multi-sport event held from July 19 to August 4, 1996, in Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=2040.0,2070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/annotation_set/558/annotation/231","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRabbi Arnold M. Goodman served as senior rabbi of Ahavath Achim in Atlanta, Georgia from 1982 to 2002. He came to Atlanta from Minnesota where he had served as rabbi of Adath Jeshurun in Minnetonka since 1966. He currently serves as its senior rabbinic scholar. Upon his retirement, the synagogue honored them by designating its adult education program as Beit Aharon: The Rabbi Arnold and Rae Goodman Learning Institute for Adult Studies.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=2070.0,2100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/annotation_set/558/annotation/232","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHebrew for “platform.” The \u003cem\u003ebimah\u003c/em\u003e is a raised structure in the synagogue from which the \u003cem\u003eTorah\u003c/em\u003e is read and from which prayers are led. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=2130.0,2160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/annotation_set/558/annotation/233","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAlso known as Masorti Judaism, Conservative Judaism is a form of Judaism that seeks to preserve Jewish tradition and ritual, but has a more flexible approach to the interpretation of the law than Orthodox Judaism. It attempts to combine a positive attitude toward modern culture, while preserving a commitment to Jewish observance. In general, Conservative congregations also observe gender equality (mixed seating, women rabbis, and bat mitzvah). The governing body for Conservative Judaism in the United States is the United Synagogue of Conservative Judaism (USCJ), formerly known as the United Synagogue of America.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=2160.0,2190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/annotation_set/558/annotation/234","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGerald Hershel Cohen (1918-2009) was an Atlanta businessman who was born in Pocomoke City, Maryland. He was president of Central Metals Co., a family business in Atlanta founded by his father Morris Cohen and his uncle Joe Rodbell in 1912. He served terms as president of the Ahavath Achim Synagogue, the Jewish Federation of Greater Atlanta, and the B'nai B'rith Youth Organization Adult Committee. He was a founding member of the Harry H. Epstein School and The Doris and Alex Weber School.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=2190.0,2220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/annotation_set/558/annotation/235","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDr. Sam Schatten was a practicing rheumatologist in Sandy Springs, GA. He was a leader in Atlanta’s Jewish community and reduced his medical practice to part-time in order to serve as President of Ahavath Achim Synagogue. Schatten was also the founder of the CLEAR Coalition, and an honorary rabbi. Schatten led Torah study in his community, created the Atlanta Male Jewish Choir, and raised funds for his synagogue and the Jewish Federation of Greater Atlanta.  He passed away on September 27, 2008.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=2190.0,2220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/annotation_set/558/annotation/236","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSherry Zimmerman Frank (1942-), a native of Atlanta, Georgia, was executive director for the Southeast Region of the American Jewish Committee for 25 years. She served as a leader for the Atlanta Black-Jewish Coalition, a president of the National Council for Jewish Women (NCJW), and vice-president of the Epstein School in Atlanta.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=2190.0,2220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/annotation_set/558/annotation/237","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eKenneth W. Stein is a professor known for studying the Arab-Israeli conflict, in both historical and social-economic context. He spent many years working with the Carter Center from the 1980s and decades teaching at Emory University starting in 1977. Stein is very involved with the interdisciplinary study of the Middle East and he has published many books on the subject of Israel, the Middle East, and the foundations of the Arab-Israeli conflict.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=2700.0,2730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/annotation_set/558/annotation/238","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDr. Steven Wertheim is an Atlanta orthopedic surgeon who specializes in sports medicine and arthroscopic surgery. Wertheim has been in practice for 33 years and has performed more than 12,000 surgeries over the span of his career. He was served as a team physician for many professional, college, and high school teams and athletes, as well as an Olympic physician and a physician for the US Maccabi teams in Israel and South America. Wertheim has also served in leadership positions in AIPAC, Congregation Or Hadash, and Maccabi USA.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=2700.0,2730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/annotation_set/558/annotation/239","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eArnoldo Fiedotin was born in the province of Entre Rios on Argentina and grew up in Villa Crespo in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Arnoldo graduated from medical school at the University of Buenos Aires and married his college sweetheart, Rosa Lia “Rosi” Ludner. Arnoldo and Rosi moved to Atlanta in 1967 and Arnoldo founded the Atlanta Cardiology Group, which became the largest private cardiology practice in Georgia. Arnoldo also established the Department of Cardiac Services at St. Joseph’s Hospital in Atlanta. He served as the director of both his practice and the department until he retired in 1994. Arnoldo and Rosi were members of Ahavath Achim Synagogue and founding members of Congregation Or Hadash. Arnoldo was also a fundraiser for the Jewish Federation of Greater Atlanta and the American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee. He donated cardiology equipment and supplies to hospitals and clinics in Argentina, built homes for the underprivileged in Rosario de Tala, and supported the Jewish community in Argentina.  Arnoldo also volunteered as a Clinical Associate Professor of Cardiology at Emory University.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=2730.0,2760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/annotation_set/558/annotation/240","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIn December 2002, 18 people met at the home of Rosi and Arnoldo Fiedotin to discuss the possibility of establishing an egalitarian conservative synagogue in Sandy Springs with top notch spiritual leadership. On March 23, 2003, the group’s application to become part of the United Synagogue of Conservative Judaism was made and accepted.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=2730.0,2760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/annotation_set/558/annotation/241","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePassover [Hebrew: \u003cem\u003ePesach\u003c/em\u003e] is the celebration of Israel’s liberation from Egyptian bondage. The holiday lasts for eight days. Unleavened bread, \u003cem\u003ematzo\u003c/em\u003e, is eaten in memory of the unleavened bread prepared by the Israelites during their hasty flight from Egypt, when they had not time to wait for the dough to rise. On the first two nights of Passover, the \u003cem\u003eseder\u003c/em\u003e, the central event of the holiday, is celebrated. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=2730.0,2760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/annotation_set/558/annotation/242","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHebrew for “daughter of commandments.” A rite of passage for Jewish girls aged 12 years and one day according to her Hebrew birthday. Many girls have their\u003cem\u003e bat mitzvah\u003c/em\u003e around age 13, the same as boys who have their \u003cem\u003ebar mitzvah\u003c/em\u003e at that age. The bat mitzvah girl is now duty bound to keep the commandments. Synagogue ceremonies are held for \u003cem\u003ebat mitzvah\u003c/em\u003e girls in Reform and Conservative communities, but it has not won the approval of Orthodox rabbis. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=2790.0,2820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/annotation_set/558/annotation/243","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe two High Holy Days are\u003cem\u003e Rosh HaShanah\u003c/em\u003e (Jewish New Year) and \u003cem\u003eYom Kippur\u003c/em\u003e (Day of Atonement). \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=2820.0,2850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/annotation_set/558/annotation/244","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMelinda Wertheim has been married to her husband, Dr. Steven Wertheim for 39 years. The have three daughters together and six grandchildren. Melinda has been very active in her daughters’ high schools, Pace Academy, since the Wertheims moved to Atlanta, Georgia from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. She was an active volunteer during her daughters’ years at the school and her interest in philanthropy and planned giving helped establish the foundation for Pace’s Castle Circle, an organization that celebrates individuals and couples who have arranged for a planned gift to Pace Academy.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=2910.0,2940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/annotation_set/558/annotation/245","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDr. Kenneth G. Taylor, MD is a practicing general and interventional cardiologist specializing in heart failure in Atlanta, Georgia. Dr. Taylor graduated from Emory University School of Medicine in 1988 and has been in practice for 28 years. He currently practices at Piedmont Heart Institute and is affiliated with Eastside Medical Center and Piedmont Hospital. Dr. Taylor founded and serves as the medical director for the Fuqua Heart Failure Resource Center and works with the Advanced Heart Failure program at Piedmont Heart.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=2910.0,2940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/annotation_set/558/annotation/246","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMichele Taylor has served as a member of the Board of Directors of the North Carolina Outward Bound School since 2004 where she is also the Chair of the Governance Committee and a past Secretary. Michele also volunteers as a Lead Instructor and Course Director for the school. She is a member of the Southeast Regional Board of Directors of the Anti-Defamation League and a member of Atlanta’s Midtown Improvement District Board of Directors. Michele is also a member of the American Jewish Committee’s Atlanta Black-Jewish Coalition. She previously served on the board of Congregation Or Hadash, the Georgia Network to End Sexual Assault, and Ahavath Achim Synagogue. She was appointed by President Barack Obama in 2014 to become a member of the United States Holocaust Memorial Council.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=2910.0,2940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/annotation_set/558/annotation/247","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJudith Taylor graduated from Brandeis University and moved to Atlanta, Georgia after marrying her husband, Mark Taylor. Judith served as the State Public Affairs Chair for the National Council of Jewish Women and was very active in lobbying in the state legislature on issues relating to women, children, the elderly, changing rape laws, and juvenile justice. She was a founding member of the Atlanta Women’s Foundation, the first woman to serve as Vice President of the Planning and Allocation Division of the United Way of Metropolitan Atlanta, and the Vice President of United Way’s Community and Government Relations Division. Judith is the alumni chair, trustee, and treasurer of Leadership Atlanta, and is a member of the Board of the Southeast Region of the Anti-Defamation League. In 2008, Mark and Judith were recipients of the Jerry and Dulcy Rosenberg SHORASHIM Award, and in 2010 they received the Planned Parenthood of Georgia’s Living Legends Award. Judith and Mark were also recipients of the Abe Goldstein Human Relations Aware at the Anti-Defamation League’s Community of Respect event in November 2018.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=2910.0,2940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/annotation_set/558/annotation/248","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDr. Eric Plasker is a 1985 graduate of Life University and has been a practicing chiropractor for 35 years. Since 2000, Dr. Plasker has been traveling the world providing training and postgraduate education to other doctors on pediatric, family, sports, and performance-based chiropractic care. He released his international best-selling book The 100 Year Lifestyle in 2007 and became a leader in the wellness industry. Dr. Plasker and his wife, Lisa Plasker, have been married for 33 years and have three children.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=2910.0,2940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/annotation_set/558/annotation/249","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMark Hackner is a board member of the Georgia Innocence Project.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=2910.0,2940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/annotation_set/558/annotation/250","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGita Berman is the Vice President of Operations at OA Development. She volunteers at her synagogue, Or Hadash, and also served as its Founding President. Gita met her husband, Steve Berman, in Israel in 1973. After college, the two moved to South Florida to work in Young Judea. They eventually moved to Atlanta, Georgia where they grew their real estate business. Gita and Steve were very involved in the Jewish community with their work at the JCC, in Jewish day schools, and helping in the resettlement of Jews from the former Soviet Union.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=2940.0,2970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/annotation_set/558/annotation/251","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSteve Berman is the founder and a partner at OA Development. He founded the company in 1993 with a mission to acquire and develop premier suburban office assets. He served as President of the Greenfield Hebrew Academy and Jewish Family \u0026amp; Career Services. Steve is a Co-Founder and past president of the Weber School and serves on the Founding National Board of Young Judea. Steve and his wife, Gita Berman, met in Israel in 1973. After college, the two moved to South Florida to work in Young Judea. They eventually moved to Atlanta, Georgia where they grew their real estate business. Gita and Steve were very involved in the Jewish community with their work at the JCC, in Jewish day schools, and helping in the resettlement of Jews from the former Soviet Union.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=2940.0,2970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/annotation_set/558/annotation/252","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eElizabeth J. Appley is an Atlanta attorney who specializes in arbitration, mediation, litigation, and lobbying. She is a past President of the Georgia Association for Women Lawyers and presently chairs the Georgia Forum and the Jewish Community Relations Council of Atlanta. Elizabeth also serves on the National Board of the American Forum. She was a founding board member of the Georgia Budget and Policy Institute and has served for many years on the State Bar of Georgia Judicial Selection Committee. Elizabeth and her husband, N. Sandy Epstein, live in Atlanta and have two sons.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=2940.0,2970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/annotation_set/558/annotation/253","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSandy Epstein is a lawyer in Atlanta, Georgia. He specializes in representing parties in workers’ compensation and personal injury claims. He has written extensively on worker’s compensation issues, including the Rycroft Defense, drug testing, medical cost, and safety issues. Sandy earned his undergraduate degree from Duke University in 1973 and his law degree from the University of Georgia School of Law in 1977. Sandy served on the Governor’s Advisory Council on Worker’s Compensation under Governor Roy Barnes and also served as chair of the Worker’s Compensation Section of the Atlanta Bar Association. He was also a member of the Board of Directors of the Atlanta bar Association from 1995-1999. Sandy and his wife, Elizabeth Appley, have two sons together.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=2940.0,2970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/annotation_set/558/annotation/254","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHoward Wexler is an Atlanta based lawyer. He has worked with several nonprofit organizations in Atlanta, including the Friends of the Israel Defense Forces and the Jewish Educational Loan Fund. Howard has also served on the committee of the Atlanta Jewish Film Festival and volunteered with Jewish Family \u0026amp; Career Services to help refugee families from Iraq and Eritrea settle into life in Atlanta. He is also Co-president of the Southern Chapter of the Jewish National Fund. Howard and his wife, Sharon Wexler, live in Sandy Springs. They have two adult children who live in Chicago.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=2940.0,2970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/annotation_set/558/annotation/255","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLGBTQ is an acronym for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer or questioning. These terms are used to describe a person’s sexual orientation or gender identity.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=3000.0,3030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/annotation_set/558/annotation/256","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eElliott Cohen was born on April 2, 1936 in Chicago, Illinois. He attended and graduated Northwestern University in 1957 and the University Of Chicago School Of Law in 1960. He met his wife, Judith Mesirow Cohen, in Chicago and the two were married in 1960. Elliott and Judith had two children, Jill and Jeffrey Cohen. Elliott was a founding partner of Cohen Pollock Merlin Turner in 1977. Elliott served as a Director with The American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee for over 20 years. He and Judith went on several missions to help both Russian Jews and other Jewish people in need around the world. The two were extremely influential in the resettlement process of Russian Jews who moved to Atlanta. He also served on the executive board of many local nonprofit organizations, including the Jewish Family \u0026amp; Career Services while Judith was its President. Elliott also played a role in the founding of the Breman Museum in Atlanta. Elliott passed away from COVID-19 on July 29, 2020.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=3060.0,3090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/annotation_set/558/annotation/257","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJudith Mesirow Cohen (1940-2020) was a native of Chicago who relocated to Atlanta, Georgia with her attorney husband Elliott Cohen. She held leadership positions with the Atlanta Jewish Federation Women’s Division and the Jewish Family and Career Services.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=3060.0,3090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/annotation_set/558/annotation/258","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDr. David Woodsfellow is a clinical psychologist and a couples therapist at the Woodsfellow Institute for Couples where he works with his wife, Deborah Woodsfellow. Dr. Woodsfellow is a Continuing Education Provider for psychologists, social workers, counselors, and marriage and family therapists. He is a director of the Woodsfellow Institute for Couples Therapy, a fellow of the Georgia Psychological Association, a member of the American Psychological Association, and he volunteers his time to charitable and religious work.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=3060.0,3090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/annotation_set/558/annotation/259","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDeborah Woodsfellow, MPH, is an Executive Director and Relationship Empowerment Coach at the Woodsfellow Institute for Couples. She works with her husband, Dr. David Woodsfellow, at the Institute and co-presents personal growth workshops with him. Deborah spent 12 years helping people with their health and wellness as a physician assistant before she became a relationship empowerment coach. She also consults with individuals and couples about the impact of environmental design on their business success, personal wellness, and intimate relationships.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=3060.0,3090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/annotation_set/558/annotation/260","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMarc Gary has been involved in Conservative Judaism, the Conservative Movement, and the Jewish community his entire life. He served as the International President of United Synagogue Youth and served on the boards of JTS, the United Synagogue of Conservative Judaism, and the Leadership Conference for Conservative Judaism, and was a lay member of the Rabbinical Assembly’s Committee on Jewish Law and Standards. Gary is also a member of the Board of Directors of UJA-Federation of New York and previously served on the boards of the Shalom Hartman Institute of North America, American Friends of the Hebrew University, Solomon Schechter Day School of Greater Boston, and Weber Jewish Community High School of Atlanta. During his time at JTS, Gary instituted the JTS Seeds of Innovation program, which provided grants to JTS alumni engaged in innovative initiative on behalf of the Jewish community. Gary is also a distinguished lawyer who serves on the boards of the Neuberger Berman Mutual Funds, Legility, and the Lawyer’s Committee for Civil Rights Under Law. He is also an elected member of the American Law Institute.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=3060.0,3090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/annotation_set/558/annotation/261","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCongregation Or Hadash is a Conservative congregation in Sandy Springs, Georgia. It was founded by Argentinian rabbis Mario Karpuj and Analia Bortz in 2003. As of 2021, the current leader of the congregation is Rabbi Lauren Henderson. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=3120.0,3150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/annotation_set/558/annotation/262","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA \u003cem\u003echumash\u003c/em\u003e [plural: \u003cem\u003ehumashim\u003c/em\u003e] is a \u003cem\u003eTorah\u003c/em\u003e in printed form as opposed to a \u003cem\u003eSefer Torah\u003c/em\u003e, which is a scroll.  \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=3150.0,3180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/annotation_set/558/annotation/263","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCongregation Etz Chaim is a progressive, egalitarian Conservative synagogue established in 1975 in Marietta, Georgia, a suburb in north metropolitan Atlanta.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=3150.0,3180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/annotation_set/558/annotation/264","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eTorah\u003c/em\u003e [Hebrew: teaching] is a general term that covers all Jewish law including the vast mass of teachings recorded in the \u003cem\u003eTalmud\u003c/em\u003e and other rabbinical works. “\u003cem\u003eSefer Torah\u003c/em\u003e” refers to the sacred scroll on which the first five books of the Bible (the Pentateuch) are written, but it is often shortened simply to \"\u003cem\u003eTorah\u003c/em\u003e\" in casual speech and writing. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=3150.0,3180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/annotation_set/558/annotation/265","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe \u003cem\u003eAron Kodesh\u003c/em\u003e [Hebrew: Holy Ark; also sometimes called the “Ark” or the “Torah Ark”] is the holiest place in the synagogue and where the \u003cem\u003eTorah\u003c/em\u003e scrolls are kept when not in use. The \u003cem\u003eAron Kodesh\u003c/em\u003e is situated in the front of the synagogue and is usually an ornate curtained-off cabinet or section of the synagogue built along the wall that most closely faced Jerusalem, the direction Jews face when praying. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=3150.0,3180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/annotation_set/558/annotation/266","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLois Frank is a past chair of the Jewish Council for Public Affairs (JCPA), the Federation’s Women’s Philanthropy President, and National Vice President of the American Jewish Committee. She is also the former chair of the Community Relations Committee of the Atlanta Jewish Federation and has served on the Georgia Juvenile Justice Commission board as well as the Southern Regional Council. She and her husband, Larry Frank, founded and contribute to the Frank Family Foundation, which supports causes related to Israel and the Jewish people, including education, identity, continuity, and survival.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=3180.0,3210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/annotation_set/558/annotation/267","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLarry Frank is an Atlanta businessman and philanthropist who played football at Grady High School and at Vanderbilt University, 1950-1956. Larry and his wife, Lois Frank, founded and contribute to the Frank Family Foundation, which supports causes related to Israel and the Jewish people, including education, identity, continuity, and survival.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=3180.0,3210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/annotation_set/558/annotation/268","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJewish Family and Career Services (JF\u0026amp;CS Atlanta) is a group of professionals and volunteers offering programs, and resources for individuals and families of all faiths, cultures and ages. Services include counseling, tools for employment, and support for people with developmental disabilities. JF\u0026amp;CS is a member organization of the Association of Jewish Family \u0026amp; Children's Agencies (AJFCA).  JF\u0026amp;CS is a result of the merging of two separate organizations, both of which started as committees of the Jewish Federation of Greater Atlanta. The first, Jewish Family Services was founded around 1890. The agency became an autonomous organization in 1982. In 1979, Jewish Vocational Services was started. It became independent in 1985. The two agencies merged in 1997 to become JF\u0026amp;CS.  The Jewish Family \u0026amp; Career Services of Atlanta hosts a Child Survivor Support Group that meets bi-monthly.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=3240.0,3270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/annotation_set/558/annotation/269","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSandy Springs Methodist Church is an active, mission-oriented congregation that strives to reach those in their community and people in need around the world.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=3270.0,3300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/annotation_set/558/annotation/270","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMachon Hadash is the religious school of Congregation Or Hadash. The religious school initially started out in the home of Karen Sukin and Brad Slutzky. As the school grew, classes were held at the Sandy Springs United Methodist Church, Temple Sinai, and Congregation B’nai Torah. The religious school features adult education programs, a book club, film series, and Shabbat retreats.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=3300.0,3330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/annotation_set/558/annotation/271","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eB’nai mitzvah\u003c/em\u003e is the plural form of \u003cem\u003ebar mitzvah\u003c/em\u003e.\u003cem\u003e B’nai mitzvah\u003c/em\u003e can be a ceremony for two or more people, with either multiple boys or mixed groups.  A \u003cem\u003eb’not mitzvah\u003c/em\u003e is a ceremony for a group of girls. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=3330.0,3360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/annotation_set/558/annotation/272","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Katherine and Jacob Greenfield Hebrew Academy was the first Jewish day school in Atlanta, and was founded in 1953. As of mid-2014 the Greenfield Hebrew Academy (grades pre-K through 8) and Yeshiva High School (grades 9-12) merged into one college preparatory day school now called the Atlanta Jewish Academy.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=3360.0,3390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/annotation_set/558/annotation/273","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eShiel Edlin is a matrimonial attorney based in Atlanta, Georgia. Shiel and his wife, Margot Weiler Edlin, are founding members of Congregation Or Hadash.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=3360.0,3390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/annotation_set/558/annotation/274","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSharon Rosenfeld is the current Director of Development  and Board Relations at Camp Ramah Darom. She is the past YLC and HR Director of the Jewish Federation of Greater Atlanta and the past Women’s Division Director of the Rhode Island Jewish Federation.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=3360.0,3390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/annotation_set/558/annotation/275","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSandy Springs Christian Church is a church located in Sandy Springs, Georgia. SSCC is affiliated with the Christian Church (Disciples of Christ) and works to share God’s love through inclusivity, service, and spiritual growth.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=3390.0,3420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/annotation_set/558/annotation/276","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eShabbat\u003c/em\u003e (Hebrew) or \u003cem\u003eShabbos\u003c/em\u003e (Yiddish) is the Jewish Sabbath and is observed on Saturdays. \u003cem\u003eShabbat\u003c/em\u003e observance entails refraining from work activities and engaging in restful activities to honor the day. \u003cem\u003eShabbat\u003c/em\u003e begins at sundown on Friday night and is ushered in by lighting candles and reciting a blessing. It is closed the following evening with the recitation of the \u003cem\u003ehavdalah\u003c/em\u003e blessing. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=3420.0,3450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/annotation_set/558/annotation/277","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Atlanta Jewish Academy was created by the merger of Greenfield Hebrew Academy and Yeshiva Atlanta on July 1, 2014. The school is the first infant through 12th grade Jewish day school in Greater Atlanta. The first head of school was Rabbi Pinchos Hecht. The second head of school is Rabbi Ari Leubitz, who started his term on August 1, 2016.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=3450.0,3480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/annotation_set/558/annotation/278","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Epstein School (also known as the Solomon Shechter School of Atlanta) is a private Jewish day school in the Atlanta area located in Sandy Springs. In 1973, Rabbi Harry H. Epstein and the leaders of Ahavath Achim synagogue wanted to create a Conservative Jewish day school. The first campus was housed at the synagogue. In 1987 the school moved to Sandy Springs\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=3450.0,3480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/annotation_set/558/annotation/279","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDr. Stephen Saul Kutner, MD, was born in Far Rockaway, New York, on April 6, 1934, to Herman and Hannah Kutner. He attended Far Rockaway High School and went to NYU on a swimming scholarship. As an undergraduate, Kutner studied engineering (BS, ME, and EE), and later worked for a subsidiary of Rand Corporation. He was on active duty in the Navy and was awarded a medical degree from Vanderbilt University in 1965. From 1969 to 1999, Kutner practiced ophthalmology at Georgia Baptist Hospital, and his private practice, Georgia Eye Clinic. He served in the Army and Air Force as a reservist as decades. After a medical mission to Ethiopia in 1987, Kutner found a second calling in global medical charity. He founded Project Vision, which restored eyesight to thousands of people in need in Israel and Romania. Project Vision was built on to become Jewish Healthcare International, a global philanthropic network that brought vital medicine, supplies, and expertise to the elderly, impoverished, and disabled in numerous countries.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=3450.0,3480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/annotation_set/558/annotation/280","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMichael Rosenzweig is an Atlanta based lawyer. He was a law professor at the University of Michigan before moving to Atlanta where he was a partner in two prominent law firms and Senior VP and general counsel of a large building manufacturer. He moved into the nonprofit world in 2008 where he served as President and CEO of Hands on Atlanta, the National Museum of American Jewish History, and the Pardes Institute of Jewish Studies. He has been very active in the Atlanta Jewish community, serving as counsel and Vice President of the Jewish Federation of Greater Atlanta and as a board member of The Epstein School. He was also the co-founder of The Weber School and served as the school’s Founding Chairman and President. Michael and his wife, Shelli Bank, have been members of Congregation Shearith Israel since moving to Atlanta in 1987.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=3480.0,3510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/annotation_set/558/annotation/281","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Atlanta Jewish Community Center was officially founded in 1910, as the Jewish Educational Alliance. In the late 1940s it evolved into the Atlanta Jewish Community Center and moved to Peachtree Street. It stayed there until 1998, when the building was sold and the center moved to the suburb of Dunwoody. In 2000, it was renamed the “Marcus Jewish Community Center of Atlanta.”\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=3510.0,3540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/annotation_set/558/annotation/282","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePaul Flexner is a member of Congregation of Or Hadash and a part-time instructor in educational psychology in the College of Education at Georgia State University. Paul serves on the boards of Jewish Kids groups, the Or Hadash Men’s Club, the Atlanta Lovers of Music Association, the Jewish Book Council, and Myriam’s Dream.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=3510.0,3540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/annotation_set/558/annotation/283","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eKiddush\u003c/em\u003e [Hebrew: sanctification] is a blessing recited over wine or grape juice to sanctify the Sabbath and Jewish holidays. In many synagogues congregants gather for \u003cem\u003eKiddush\u003c/em\u003e reception after the Friday night or Saturday morning service to recite the blessing over wine or grape juice and have something to eat. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=3600.0,3630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/annotation_set/558/annotation/284","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eShul\u003c/em\u003e is a Yiddish word for synagogue that is derived from a German word meaning “school,” and emphasizes the synagogue's role as a place of study. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=3720.0,3750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/annotation_set/558/annotation/285","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eKehila kedosha\u003c/em\u003e means “sacred community” in Hebrew. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=3720.0,3750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/annotation_set/558/annotation/286","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eChai\u003c/em\u003e is the Hebrew word for life. The word is a Jewish symbol, frequently appearing on pendants and other jewelry. \u003cem\u003eChai\u003c/em\u003e also refers to the number 18. As a result of its connection to the Hebrew word for life, the number 18 is considered a special number within Jewish tradition. Because of this connection, Jews often make gifts or charitable contributions in multiples of $18. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=3900.0,3930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/annotation_set/558/annotation/287","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRabbi Mauricio Balter was born in Montevideo, Uruguay. Rabbi Balter was a rabbi in Argentina for 122 years at the Kehilot of Tucuman and Salta in Northern Argentina, and Or Hadash Kehila of Buenos Aires. He was also the first director of the Masorti Movement in Argentina. He made Aliyah in 1995 and was the Rabbi of the Kiryat Bialik community for 15 years. From 2010-2017, he served as the rabbi of Kehilat Eshel Avraham in Be-er Sheva, Israel. Rabbi Balter was formerly Chair of the Publications Committee, as well we a member of the Executive Committee for Masorti Israel. He previously served as co-President of the Rabbinical Assembly in Israel and was a member of the Administrative Committee of the International Rabbinical Assembly. Rabbi Balter currently serves as Executive Director of Masorti Olami and MERCAZ Olami. He also sits on the Executive of the World Zionist Organization and the Board of Directors of JNF-KKL.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=4140.0,4170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/annotation_set/558/annotation/288","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRabbi Analia Bortz and Rabbi Mario Karpuj took over Or Hadash Kehila of Buenos Aires for their friend, Rabbi Mauricio Balter.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=4170.0,4200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/annotation_set/558/annotation/289","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a contagious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The first known case was identified in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. The disease has since spread worldwide, leading to a pandemic that is still ongoing in August 2021.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=4260.0,4290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/annotation_set/558/annotation/290","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eLehitraot\u003c/em\u003e in Hebrew means “Goodbye for now, see you again soon,” or “See you later.” \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=4620.0,4650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/annotation_set/558/annotation/291","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA \u003cem\u003echuppah\u003c/em\u003e [Hebrew: canopy] is the canopy under which a Jewish wedding takes place. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=4680.0,4710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/annotation_set/558/annotation/292","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJay Kaiman is the President of the Marcus Foundation, a foundation that focuses it giving on children, medical research, free enterprise, Israel, and Jewish causes. 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Rabbi Donald Tam was its founding rabbi, and as of 2021, its senior rabbi is Spike Anderson.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=4740.0,4770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/annotation_set/558/annotation/294","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTemple Sinai was founded as a Reform congregation in 1968 and met in a variety of locations before establishing a synagogue on Dupree Drive in Sandy Springs, north of Atlanta. Rabbi Richard Lehrman was chosen as the congregation's founding rabbi. 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As of 2021, the leader of the congregation is Rabbi Joshua Heller, who has served as Senior Rabbi since 2004.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=4770.0,4800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/annotation_set/558/annotation/296","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Atlanta Rabbinical Association, founded sometime prior to 1970, is comprised of rabbis who represent the full spectrum of organized Jewish religious expression in the metro Atlanta area.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=4890.0,4920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/annotation_set/558/annotation/297","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOrthodox Judaism is a traditional branch of Judaism that strictly follows the written \u003cem\u003eTorah\u003c/em\u003e and the oral law concerning prayer, dress, food, sex, family relations, social behavior, the Sabbath day, holidays, and more. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=4890.0,4920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/annotation_set/558/annotation/298","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eReform Judaism is a division within Judaism, especially in North America and the United Kingdom. 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The movement views Judaism as a progressively evolving civilization. The movement developed from the late 1920s to the 1940s and it established a rabbinical college in 1968. \u003cem\u003eHalakhah\u003c/em\u003e, the collective body of Jewish laws, customs and traditions, is not considered binding but is treated as a valuable cultural remnant that should be upheld unless there is reasons to the contrary. 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It is said to express gratitude to God for new and unusual experiences or possessions. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=4950.0,4980.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/index/48692","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Karpuj, Mario and Bortz, Analia [Index]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/index/48692/annotation/302","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Family Histories and How They Came to Argentina","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=31.0,426.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/index/48692/annotation/303","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I wanted to begin by asking you both, one after the other, where you were born, and then if you could tell me how your family ended up in Argentina?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=31.0,426.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/index/48692/annotation/304","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Alexander 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Argentina","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777#t=426.0,775.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/47553/file/120777/index/48692/annotation/306","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I also saw that there were Jews in Argentina since the Inquisition, [the] Conversos. 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