{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/nk3610x37n/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Kaufman, Marianna"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["2018-12-10 (created)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Agent"]},"value":{"en":["Marianna Kaufman (Interviewee)","Margery Diamond (Interviewer)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["Video"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source"]},"value":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum","Esther and Herbert Taylor Jewish Oral History Collection"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eMarianna Kaufmann was interviewed by Margery Diamond on December 10, 2018 in Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e (general)","\u003cp\u003e          Marianna Kaufman was born and raised in Macon, Georgia. She was the oldest of four children born to Gus Bernd Kaufman and Marian Waxelbaum Kaufman. Her father ran the family business, G. Bernd Company, from 1943 until he sold it in 1980. He also owned the Joyland Toy Store and the Macon Raceway and Hobby Shop. Marianna studied forestry, likely inspired by her parent’s love of the outdoors. Her parents, especially her father, were very active in their community including the civil rights movement, NAACP, community arts, and Temple Beth Israel. Marianna learned from her parents the importance of social responsibility, which she continues to carry on. Marianna and her partner, Diana Aleman live in Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e (bioghist)","\u003cp\u003e          The interview focuses mainly on Marianna’s father, mother, and family. She shares the ways her father’s family came to the United States and how they ended up in Macon, Georgia. Marianne discusses why her father had to drop out of college and how he came to run the family business during World War II. She talks about the family business, G. Bernd Company, and the other businesses her father owned. She spoke about her mother’s family, how her parents met, and her immediate family.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e          Marianne recounts how her father was a Renaissance man and details various activities he was involved in related to civil rights and racial integration. She reflects on how antisemitism impacted him. She shares how his activities impacted her and her siblings growing up. She briefly mentions the antisemitism she experienced growing up. She discusses her father’s work with Israel Bonds and his involvement with Temple Beth Israel in Macon. She shares Kaufman’s family connection to the Isidor Straus family and her father’s work with the Straus Society. She also recalls her parents' involvement with the Boy Scouts and Girl Scouts and how her father loved birdwatching with his family. Marianna recounts his involvement with the Home Guard and the importance of this to him.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e          She recalls how her father’s uncle, Aaron Bernd influenced her father to be politically progressive. She remembers her father’s going to different communities to talk about politics and Judaism. She shares her mother’s involvement at Temple Beth Israel and how that changed after the amputation of her leg from cancer. Marianna discusses the books her father wrote on his family history and two books he wrote with his wife on Jews in Macon.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e          She describes her father’s involvement at the retirement community, Carlyle Place, which her parents moved to in 2001. She briefly shares about her parent’s love of tennis, hosting Arthur Ashe at their home, and their friendships with African Americans in Macon. She also talks about her father's fourth book on Congregation Sha’arey Israel, the Conservative synagogue in Macon. She remembers her father’s involvement in Democratic politics. Marianna describes her father's influence on her and her siblings to become involved in the community. She concludes the interview by discussing his involvement with the Society of Retired Executives and the Southern Jewish Historical Society.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e (scope content)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source Metadata URI"]},"value":{"en":["https://archivesspace.thebreman.org/repositories/2/archival_objects/29096"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject"]},"value":{"en":["Kaufman, Mariana (b. 1945) (personal name)","Kaufman, Gus Bernd (1905-2008) (personal name)","Kaufman, Marian Waxelbaum (1916-2010) (personal name)","Bernd, Elberta (1890-1945) (personal name)","Kaufman, Simon Mony (1880-1949) (personal name)","Katz, Jeremy (personal name)","Nadler, Frieda Kaplan (1906-1991) (personal name)","Frank, Leo (1884-1915) (personal name)","Straus, Isidor (1845-1912) (personal name)","Straus, Matilda (personal name)","Straus, Fanny (personal name)","Bernd, Aaron (personal name)","Hill, Coleman (personal name)","Ashe, Arthur (1943-1993) (personal name)","Obama, Barack (b. 1961) (personal name)","Kruger, David (personal name)","Drayson, Oscar (personal name)","Goldgar, Bernhardt (personal name)","Diamond, Margery (personal name)","Einstein, Ruth (personal name)","Talbotton, Georgia (geographic term)","Macon, Georgia (geographic term)","Columbus, Georgia (geographic term)","Miami, Florida (geographic term)","Lichtenau, Germany (geographic term)","New York, New York (geographic term)","San Francisco, California (geographic term)","New Orleans, Louisiana (geographic term)","Albuquerque, New Mexico (geographic term)","Anchorage, Alaska (geographic term)","Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (geographic term)","Battle Creek, Michigan (geographic term)","Phenix City, Alabama (geographic term)","Cuthbert, Georgia (geographic term)","G. Bernd Company (corporate name)","Office of Civilian Defense (corporate name)","Temple Emanu-El (corporate name)","Temple Beth Israel (corporate name)","Congregation Sha’arey Israel (corporate name)","B’nai B’rith International (corporate name)","Macon Council on Human Relations (corporate name)","NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People) (corporate name)","SCORE (Society of Retired Executives) (corporate name)","Southern Jewish Historical Society (corporate name)","University of Georgia (corporate name)","Macon Little Theatre (corporate name)","Macon Telegraph (corporate name)","Southern Israelite (corporate name)","Emory University (corporate name)","Democratic Party (corporate name)","Tubman Museum (corporate name)","Straus Society (corporate name)","Boy Scouts of America (corporate name)","Girl Scouts of America (corporate name)","German Revolution of 1848 (named event)","Great Depression (named event)","World War II (named event)","Civil War (named event)","Indian Ocean Earthquake and Tsunami (named event)","Civil Rights Movement (named event)","Israel Bonds (other)","Pulitzer Prize (other)","Israel Bonds (other)","Antisemitism (other)","Ku Klux Klan (other)","Reform Judaism (other)","Conservative Judaism (other)","Orthodox Judaism (other)","Bar mitzvah (other)","Bat mitzvah (other)","Seder (other)","Hanukkah (other)"]}}],"summary":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eMarianna Kaufmann was interviewed by Margery Diamond on December 10, 2018 in Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; Marianna Kaufman was born and raised in Macon, Georgia. She was the oldest of four children born to Gus Bernd Kaufman and Marian Waxelbaum Kaufman. Her father ran the family business, G. Bernd Company, from 1943 until he sold it in 1980. He also owned the Joyland Toy Store and the Macon Raceway and Hobby Shop. Marianna studied forestry, likely inspired by her parent\u0026rsquo;s love of the outdoors. Her parents, especially her father, were very active in their community including the civil rights movement, NAACP, community arts, and Temple Beth Israel. Marianna learned from her parents the importance of social responsibility, which she continues to carry on. Marianna and her partner, Diana Aleman live in Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; The interview focuses mainly on Marianna\u0026rsquo;s father, mother, and family. She shares the ways her father\u0026rsquo;s family came to the United States and how they ended up in Macon, Georgia. Marianne discusses why her father had to drop out of college and how he came to run the family business during World War II. She talks about the family business, G. Bernd Company, and the other businesses her father owned. She spoke about her mother\u0026rsquo;s family, how her parents met, and her immediate family.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; Marianne recounts how her father was a Renaissance man and details various activities he was involved in related to civil rights and racial integration. She reflects on how antisemitism impacted him. She shares how his activities impacted her and her siblings growing up. She briefly mentions the antisemitism she experienced growing up. She discusses her father\u0026rsquo;s work with Israel Bonds and his involvement with Temple Beth Israel in Macon. She shares Kaufman\u0026rsquo;s family connection to the Isidor Straus family and her father\u0026rsquo;s work with the Straus Society. She also recalls her parents' involvement with the Boy Scouts and Girl Scouts and how her father loved birdwatching with his family. Marianna recounts his involvement with the Home Guard and the importance of this to him.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; She recalls how her father\u0026rsquo;s uncle, Aaron Bernd influenced her father to be politically progressive. She remembers her father\u0026rsquo;s going to different communities to talk about politics and Judaism. She shares her mother\u0026rsquo;s involvement at Temple Beth Israel and how that changed after the amputation of her leg from cancer. Marianna discusses the books her father wrote on his family history and two books he wrote with his wife on Jews in Macon.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; She describes her father\u0026rsquo;s involvement at the retirement community, Carlyle Place, which her parents moved to in 2001. She briefly shares about her parent\u0026rsquo;s love of tennis, hosting Arthur Ashe at their home, and their friendships with African Americans in Macon. She also talks about her father's fourth book on Congregation Sha\u0026rsquo;arey Israel, the Conservative synagogue in Macon. She remembers her father\u0026rsquo;s involvement in Democratic politics. Marianna describes her father's influence on her and her siblings to become involved in the community. She concludes the interview by discussing his involvement with the Society of Retired Executives and the Southern Jewish Historical Society.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"]},"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/185/144/small/Kaufman_Marianna.mp4_1681502925.jpg?1681502934","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - Kaufman_Marianna.mp4"]},"duration":2898.983,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/185/144/small/Kaufman_Marianna.mp4_1681502925.jpg?1681502934","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-thebreman.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/185/144/original/Kaufman_Marianna.mp4?1681502917","type":"Video","format":"video/mp4","duration":2898.983,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/transcript/42578","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Marianna Kaufman [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/transcript/42578/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"DIAMOND: Hello, this is Margery Diamond, volunteer oral historian with\nMarianna B. Kaufman, memoirist on December 10, 2018, at the William Breman\nJewish Museum in Atlanta, Georgia. Thank you for agreeing to participate in the\n[Esther and Herbert] Taylor Oral History Project at the Breman Museum. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/transcript/42578/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Could we\nstart with your family history?\n\nKAUFMAN: That's a big one. My family has been in Georgia since the late 1850s.\nIn Talbotton, Georgia and then later, the primary place I'm going to be talking\nabout is ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/transcript/42578/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Macon, Georgia. I'm going to be talking about my father, Gus Bernd\nKaufman, who was born in Columbus, Georgia. His mother Elberta Bernd was from\nMacon, Georgia, and married his father, Simon Mony Kaufman from Columbus in the\nearly 1900s. They lived ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=60.0,90.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/transcript/42578/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in Macon for a number of years and Columbus for a few\nyears, then moved to Miami [Florida]. Then for the rest of their lives were in\nMacon, Georgia, which is where my father grew up and went to school. He's the\nperson I'm going to be talking about today because he . . .\n\nDIAMOND: Before you get into his life, could you say something about where his\nparents or even grandparents, if you could go back that far, where they came from?\n\nKAUFMAN: One of the things that my father ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=90.0,120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/transcript/42578/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"did and I'm going to get up to show\nyou this, is that my father did an early family history of his father's family\ncalled \"The Family of Simon Kaufman of Lichtenau, Germany.\" It was from 1796 to\n1879 on my father's side of the family. And he's the one I'm going to be talking\nabout. They were German Jews who came to the United States in his father's\nfamily in the late ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=120.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/transcript/42578/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"1850s, as did my mother's I mean, his mother's family who\ncame in about that same time to Louisiana and then came to Georgia.\n\nDIAMOND: Where did his mother's family come from?\n\nKAUFMAN: His mother's family were also German Jews. They were from other parts\nof Germany. This is my father's family history, the one that he did the research\nfor and wrote in the early 1990s. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=150.0,180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/transcript/42578/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The Breman has a copy of this.\n\nDIAMOND: Do you know why they left Germany when they did?\n\nKAUFMAN: Yes, they left partly because it was after the revolution of 1848. It\nwas a very precarious time for Jews in Germany at that time. Four Kaufman\nbrothers left and came to the United States. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=180.0,210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/transcript/42578/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that's written about\nextensively in the book, \"The Family of Simon Kaufman of Lichtenau, [Germany].\"\nThere are even letters that they wrote back to family that are in the Leo Baeck\nArchives in New York [City, New York].\n\nDIAMOND: What a treasure.\n\nKAUFMAN: Yes.\n\nDIAMOND: How did they get to Macon? What brought them to Macon rather than\nanother place?\n\nKAUFMAN: They were . . . It was my father's mother's family ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=210.0,240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/transcript/42578/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that came from\nLouisiana. They had been, in the 1850s, kicked out of Louisiana by the [Ku Klux]\nKlan and moved to Middle Georgia, which was a big trading center at the time.\nThey established a family business called G. Bernd Company in 1865, which for\nmany years was the oldest continuously existing business in Macon. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=240.0,270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/transcript/42578/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Until my\nfather sold it in 1980, but it existed for 135. Well, I don't know, whatever\nthat add[s] up to be . . . from 1865 to 1980. My father worked in that business.\nHe had gone to college during the Depression at the University of Georgia and\nstudied forestry and had to drop out. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=270.0,300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/transcript/42578/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"His uncle was putting him through college.\nHis uncle died. He had to go back and work in the family business. All during\nWorld War II, he was rejected for military service, [but] served in the Home\nGuard. But [he] was supporting a number of aunts and his mother and other family\npeople because he was the only one left working . . . there was another, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=300.0,330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/transcript/42578/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a\ncousin . . . who had mental problems, a male cousin but who could not work.\n\nDIAMOND: What was the work? What was the business?\n\nKAUFMAN: The work was a family business. The G. Bernd Company had started out\nbeing blacksmiths and harness makers [and] evolved into a number of things.\nAfter the rise of the automobile, they began collecting animal skins from farms\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=330.0,360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/transcript/42578/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"all over Middle Georgia and shipping them. They became a tannery and sent them,\nI mean, a hide collection business and animal byproducts business. [They] sent\nthose hides to tanneries all over the world, but mostly throughout the Midwest\nand North. But it was a family business. After World War II, when a female\ncousin and his sisters' ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=360.0,390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/transcript/42578/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"husbands moved to Macon, he employed them in the\nbusiness as well. He always had second businesses, but that was the family\nbusiness. He had, when my three siblings and I were growing up in the 1950s, my\nfather had the first toy store in Macon, which was a great delight to his\nchildren, especially. But we got to work in that store ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=390.0,420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/transcript/42578/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"too, and it was a great\nfun to do that as well. Then he had . . .\n\nDIAMOND: Can you say something about 'we'? How many siblings?\n\nKAUFMAN: Yes . . . My father married my mother in 1944 during World War II. My\nmother was born and raised in Macon from a Jewish family that had been in Macon\nsince the 1880s. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=420.0,450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/transcript/42578/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"All of these were German Jews. On her mother's side, there were\nDutch Jews who had come in . . . her mother's father's family had been in this\ncountry since about the 1860s. Her mother's mother's family came to the United\nStates in the late 1860s. Her mother's family was a prominent rabbi ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=450.0,480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/transcript/42578/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in San\nFrancisco [California], Temple Emanu-El. My grandmother on my mother's side met\nmy grandfather from Macon on my mother's side at a B'nai B'rith conference in\nthe early 1900s in New Orleans [Louisiana]. That was always a good story. But\nthey married in 1944, my parents did, and there are four children. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=480.0,510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/transcript/42578/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I have two\nyounger brothers and a younger sister. One brother lives here, another brother\nlives in Albuquerque, New Mexico, and a sister lives in Macon. That's the four\nof us. But we had a great time with the toy store in Macon, which was my\nfather's, one of his second businesses . . . go ahead.\n\nDIAMOND: You can go.\n\nKAUFMAN: My father was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=510.0,540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/transcript/42578/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"really a bit, from Middle Georgia, a bit of a Renaissance\nman. I've thought a lot about that term. But thinking about the range of his\ninterests and not just his interests, but how he was so actively involved in so\nmany things. Some of my earliest memories about him, he was involved in the\nMacon Council on Human Relations, which was one of the earliest citywide\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=540.0,570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/transcript/42578/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"organizations to bring integration, to make it happen smoothly in Macon. But in\nthe process of doing that and knowing about that . . . [I] at that time found\nout from him, too, that he had been in 1948 when he was still in his twenties,\nand he just turned 30. He was the earliest white member of the NAACP in Macon.\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=570.0,600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/transcript/42578/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"[He] was active with that organization and later had done a lot of work around\ncivil rights. There was a big folder that he gave to the Tubman Museum in Macon.\nHe was on the board of that museum for a number of years, too, but that folder\nseems to have been lost about all the different work that he did with those\norganizations, which I feel really sad about. I have found some ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=600.0,630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/transcript/42578/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"letters which\nI'll be contributing to Jeremy Katz . . . the archivist here at the Breman.\n\nDIAMOND: Do you know if there was any antisemitism at that time and how it\naffected your father?\n\nKAUFMAN: Yes, there was. I know that they had threats from the Klan. He and the\npeople in the Jewish community. They kept a pretty low profile, as did most of\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=630.0,660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/transcript/42578/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Jews in Georgia after the Leo Frank case. But my father, by that time after\nWorld War II, was speaking up about many different things and was able to deal\nwith the consequences of everything. He at that time, early, not only was\ninvolved in civil rights. But he had been since the late 1930s, he had been\ninvolved with the Macon Community Theater called the Macon Little Theatre in\nMacon. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=660.0,690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/transcript/42578/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Later became board president of it and was responsible for building from\nwhere it existed in an old laundry in downtown Macon, [he] chaired the board,\nand built a brand new state of the art theater on the outskirts of Macon at that time.\n\nDIAMOND: How did his activities affect you growing up?\n\nKAUFMAN: My siblings and I were always very impressed ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=690.0,720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/transcript/42578/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by what he did. He was not\nexactly home all the time. My mother more or less raised the four of us, but we\nwere always . . . He tried to involve his children as much as possible in the\nthings that he was doing. We all knew about them and he would talk about these\nthings. I think all four of us were very aware of it. And all four of us have\nremained ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=720.0,750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/transcript/42578/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"pretty active in many different kinds of social issues over the years, too.\n\nDIAMOND: Did you personally experience any antisemitism?\n\nKAUFMAN: I was one of the, in my high school class, one of the two Jewish girls\nin my particular class. There was some pretty much nastiness from people which I\nsuspect the basis of which was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=750.0,780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/transcript/42578/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"antisemitism. But it's hard to know when you're\nthat age or whether it's just the mean girl syndrome or whether it's distinctly\nantisemitism . . . It's my father's story that I mostly want to be talking about\nhere. If you don't mind, we could go back to some of that. I'd really like that.\nIn going back to the civil rights ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=780.0,810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/transcript/42578/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"issues . . . my father wrote about some of\nthese incidents to people . . . he would do research on [them] even though he .\n. . had to drop out of college after two years. But he used to say, his four\nchildren, among the four of us had something like 11 degrees. I think the\nimplication was that he . . . wrote letters all the time and articles all the\ntime and wrote four books of Macon Jewish history. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=810.0,840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/transcript/42578/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He was a little bit in\ncompetition with his children too. But he wrote about other terrible events in\nMacon racial history. He also from the late 1940s on chaired . . . I think he\nwas one of the youngest chairs of Bonds for Israel in the state of Georgia. I\nremember when he was in his late thirties, hearing the stories, early thirties,\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=840.0,870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/transcript/42578/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"hearing the stories about how he had done different kinds of work around the\nestablishment of Israel and raising money for Israel. We have photographs in the\nfamily albums of him at conferences in Atlanta and other places involved in\nthese kinds of activities.\n\nDIAMOND: Was he involved in a congregation?\n\nKAUFMAN: Yes, he was very involved with Temple Beth Israel in Macon. He was\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=870.0,900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/transcript/42578/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"[the] president of it for some years. His grandfather on his mother's side had\nbeen the president in the late 1800s and 1900s for 20 years and had built the\nnew . . . now the existing synagogue in Macon. The Temple in Macon has existed\nsince 1859, the Reformed synagogue. But the building that they're in now ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=900.0,930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/transcript/42578/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was one\nthat my great grandfather, his grandfather built. [He] was president and chair\nof the building committee for 20 years. He had a long history of involvement in\nthat. One of the things that he liked to do was, and nobody else was doing this\nat a time when we were growing up, and especially after he retired, he would go\naround and speak at different churches about Judaism and specifically Reform\nJudaism. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=930.0,960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/transcript/42578/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I believe The Breman has one of the interviews on video, a tape of him\ndoing that. I want to go back a little bit to talk about one of the other sides\nof his family, the Kaufman brothers that came to Georgia. There were four\nKaufman brothers from ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=960.0,990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/transcript/42578/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lichtenau and two of them married. In Talbotton was where\nthe Isidor Straus family was from. Two of the Kaufman brothers, including my\ngreat-great grandfather, married Straus sisters. My great, great . . . I can't\nremember if it's third or fourth is ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=990.0,1020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/transcript/42578/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Matilda Straus, who was married to my\ngreat-great-grandfather. Then there was Fanny Straus, who was also married to\nanother Kaufman brother. My family has the family of Isidore Straus and our\nmembers of the Straus Society, which is a big Georgia and New York family, too.\nMy father remained real active in that in the all the years of the Straus\nSociety ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=1020.0,1050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/transcript/42578/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"existence, which was from like the 1980s on. [He] would arrange family\nreunions in Talbotton, Georgia, and helped coordinate activities to begin\nmemorialization of different aspects of the family history in Talbotton. He did\nresearch on that, too. He wrote a paper ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=1050.0,1080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/transcript/42578/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and delivered it to the Straus Society\nat one of the family reunions in the 1980s about what happened during the Civil\nWar. After the Civil War, when the family was expelled from Talbotton,\ndistinctly for antisemitic reasons, supposedly for jacking up prices of things\nduring the war, but was totally a fabrication. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=1080.0,1110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/transcript/42578/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He went on to prove about why\nthat was, had to do with finding a scapegoat. But anyway, going back about that.\nMaybe I should talk a little bit about. Well, let me just see the other things,\nparticularly before him. All of his life, my father had been a Boy Scout and was\nreal active with the scouts later on in his life. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=1110.0,1140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/transcript/42578/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"[He] was awarded the high\nscouting badges for adults, called the Silver Beaver Award. He was very active\nwith scouting all his life. My mother had been very active with Girl Scouts too.\nThey did all of that. I think that's one of the reasons why I went into\nforestry. But he was always very interested in birdwatching. The four children,\nwe always said ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=1140.0,1170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/transcript/42578/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we were born with a pair of binoculars around our neck rather\nthan a silver spoon. We spent a lot of time taking his kids and wife,\nbirdwatching. He was very interested in trees. I recently, when I was going\nthrough these papers, found a list where he had made a list of all of the\nunusual trees all over the Macon and Middle Georgia area. [He] was very involved\nin conservation efforts ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=1170.0,1200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/transcript/42578/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in Macon, as well as Boy Scouts. He was in the Home\nGuard. I should have mentioned that he was active in the Home Guard. I think\nthat was one of the things that meant a whole lot to him since he had been\nrejected for military service. I found in his wallet after he died the papers\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=1200.0,1230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/transcript/42578/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that he kept with him about how he had been turned down from two different\nservices and the reasons why and what his responsibilities were with the Home\nGuard. But as I say, he also stayed home and supported at least three or four\npeople in his own family other than his wife and children. I was born right\ntowards the end of World War II.\n\nDIAMOND: You briefly mentioned his affiliation with NAACP. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=1230.0,1260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/transcript/42578/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Could you elaborate\non that?\n\nKAUFMAN: He had his uncle, who lived in Macon, a man named Aaron Bernd . . . who\nhad been in the family business. But Aaron Bernd had also been a writer for the\nMacon Telegraph under the nom de plume, Coleman Hill, which was the name of a\nbig hill in Macon. Aaron Bernd was also very politically progressive and as a\nwriter was in touch with ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=1260.0,1290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/transcript/42578/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"writers all over the United States and political\npeople, too. I think that's where my father's interest in being so politically\nprogressive came from. But he was also always an inveterate reader and writer\nand politically involved. I think it's being Jewish, having an uncle who was so\nworldly, even though he lived in Macon and had correspondence with so many\npeople. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=1290.0,1320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/transcript/42578/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Emory University's MARBL-Manuscripts and Rare Books Library has all of\nthe huge numbers of columns that my great uncle Aaron Bernd, wrote that they're\nkept . . . in the newspaper archives there. But . . . that was a lifelong, he\nwas politically progressive. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=1320.0,1350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/transcript/42578/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He was also very involved in Democratic politics\nfrom early and was behind the scenes in just about every major election . . . I\nhave heard stories from people in small towns in Georgia about my father\nvisiting them and talking up politics with people, meeting people in small\ntowns. He loved talking about Judaism, especially to non-Jewish people. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=1350.0,1380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/transcript/42578/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He was\nvery . . . he loved going to lots of churches all around Middle Georgia. Nobody\nwas doing this at the time that he was doing [it]. In Temple Beth Israel, he\npushed to have the first woman president of a Reform congregation in the United\nStates, and that was in Macon. He pushed to have that happen. A woman, Fritz\n[Freda] Nadler. This was, I think in the early 1970s ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=1380.0,1410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/transcript/42578/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that this happened . . . I\nhave a whole bunch of other things, too. I'm just trying to see about the\norganizing of this. My mother was equally involved in Temple Beth Israel and\nmany other kinds of things. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=1410.0,1440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/transcript/42578/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"My mother had in 1979, she had to have an above the\nknee amputation of her leg, left leg for cancer. My mother was one of the most\npositive people around. She used to say, her name was Marian Waxelbaum Kaufman.\nShe used to say, \"Give me five minutes, my bags are packed.\" We always used to\nsay, \"Marian Kaufman, you gave her something negative and she changed it to\nsomething positive.\" ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=1440.0,1470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/transcript/42578/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But she was also equally involved in many different\nactivities, especially after her children were grown. But even then, with Temple\nBeth Israel, she established in the early 1950s an organization for blind people\nin Macon where they would have at Temple Beth Israel once a month a luncheon for\nall the blind people. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=1470.0,1500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/transcript/42578/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"She would recruit people to be drivers and to cook for\nthese folks. She did this for well over 50 years. She was in charge of, she and\nsome of my aunts and family people . . . helped in it. But she was the mainstay\nfor doing that. There would be like 20 or 30 people and they would have talks on\npeople who'd gone traveling around the world or newspaper people. Nothing to do\nwith being blind or storytellers, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=1500.0,1530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/transcript/42578/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"all different kinds of things. Organized this\nluncheon, she always had towards the end, Temple Beth Israel had gotten quite\nsmall, and she would recruit all of her non-Jewish friends to be drivers and\ncooks as well too. But in 1979, she had this amputation of her left leg, so they\nhad to curtail many of their activities then. That was when my father began\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=1530.0,1560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/transcript/42578/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"working on and doing research on what would be the four books of Macon Jewish\nhistory and genealogy that he wrote about. That's the main thing that I wanted\nto talk about here. The four books exist here now at The Breman, and . . . I'm\ngoing to get up and talk about these. I think this is the earliest one. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=1560.0,1590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/transcript/42578/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This is\ncalled \"The Family of Simon Kaufman of Lichtenau, [Germany], 1796 to 1879\" . . .\nIn the process of doing this, he and one of my brothers went with my parents to\nGermany. This is before the internet. He did enormous amounts of history there\nand in this country. [He] wrote a really extensive family ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=1590.0,1620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/transcript/42578/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"genealogy . . . family\ntree, of this whole family. It was a major research for a man who had never\nfinished college. It was quite an impressive thing with letters and visiting\ndifferent archives and interviewing family people and doubled the size of the\nfamily that we knew about in the process of it. [We] found family ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=1620.0,1650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/transcript/42578/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in small towns\nin Texas and Anchorage, Alaska, and Philadelphia [Pennsylvania], and Battle\nCreek, Michigan, all over in the process of doing this. It was an amazing feat\nof research. Then as a result of that, he and my mother, in the process of doing\nthat, even though they . . . were raised in Reform congregations. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=1650.0,1680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/transcript/42578/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"My father had\nnever been bar mitzvah, nor my mother bat mitzvah, those didn't exist. But bar\nmitzvahs didn't exist for Reformed Jews. Then they did a second book. My mother\nwas the editor of all of these, and they did this second book called \"The Jewish\nBurials of Macon, Georgia: 1844 to 1997,\" where they found two cemeteries that\nthey had not known about ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=1680.0,1710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/transcript/42578/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there and essentially . . . tracked every grave of the\ncemeteries in Macon with the date of the person, what the headstones looked\nlike, what was on there. They got the rabbis in Macon to help them and the dates\nthese people lived. It was a really major work and then indexed as well. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=1710.0,1740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/transcript/42578/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"[They]\nfound, as I say, two old cemeteries, found the grave to the burial grounds for\nchildren who had been born stillborn or early. [They] found this split-off\ncongregation which nobody had known about or remembered from the late 1800s.\nEnormous amounts of work on that. My mother and father both did that one. Then\nafter . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=1740.0,1770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/transcript/42578/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there are news stories that I think are in the files now here at The\nBreman about them. Then [they] did the second book where they went to the city\nrecords. This was a few years later. [They found] close to 1500 listings of\nmarriages that exist in Macon with one or both of the spouses of Jewish birth.\nSome of this, as they write, was speculative. There were no distinct ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=1770.0,1800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/transcript/42578/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"records at\neither congregation of all of the marriages, but they looked at city records,\ntoo, because you have to put your marriages on file. It's a major work that they\ndid here with the spouses' names and the dates and where they are listed in the\nmarriage indexes books and marriage records books and the person performing the\nceremony with the title of that person. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=1800.0,1830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/transcript/42578/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They went to the records offices of the\ncity of Macon every day for more than a year to do that, which I think is just\nincredibly major work. Before I talk about the fourth book, they moved . . .\nfrom the family house they lived in for 50 years. They moved to a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=1830.0,1860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/transcript/42578/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"retirement\ncenter, a brand new retirement center in Macon that existed in 2001. My father\nbecame there . . . people used to call him the mayor of Carlyle Place. He was\nextremely active there at Carlyle Place. He ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=1860.0,1890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/transcript/42578/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"instituted every major project that\nhappened there. He started a recycling program, this is in 2001, 2002, that\ninvolved every single floor, a huge number of the residents. They would collect\nall of the recycling. This is before recycling is very popular, and especially\nnot in Macon. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=1890.0,1920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/transcript/42578/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He had been also an adviser to different mayors in Macon on how to\nrecycle solid waste . . . He had served on a committee there, chaired that and\nexplored that with people, and wrote letters about that. But he, on every hall,\nthey would recycle materials. One of the men at the place had a truck and\neverybody would do that on Monday. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=1920.0,1950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/transcript/42578/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"[They'd] go down and have donuts and things\nlike that. All the money that they made from recycling the different materials\nwould go to the employees at the end of the year for that. He began the library\nthere. I wanted to mention that and involved different people in that activity\nthere, giving books, organizing, and promoting reading there. He started a 4th\nof July ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=1950.0,1980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/transcript/42578/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"committee . . . There were two judges or three judges who were retired\nwho were in this, and they would read parts of the Declaration of Independence\nand parts of the Constitution and all sorts of activities like that on the 4th\nof July. He began Hanukkah celebrations there. In addition to the Christmas\nprograms that existed there . . . he got the chefs ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=1980.0,2010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/transcript/42578/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there at the Carlyle Place to\nhold a community, for the whole Carlyle Place, Seders there and rabbis to\nconduct that. He got the Carlyle to set up fundraising committees for different\nthings that happened. I remember when the first major tsunami happened that\nCarlyle Place was listed as the organization that raised more money than any\nother organization in Macon ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=2010.0,2040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/transcript/42578/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for doing that. He was just an inveterate organizer\nand advertised all different kinds of, not advertise, he promoted all different\nkinds of activities there at Carlyle Place. He also and I have a picture of him\n. . . I brought a picture of my father as a young man around the time ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=2040.0,2070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/transcript/42578/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and a\ncouple of years when he was chairing the Bonds for Israel Drive here. This was a\npicture of him. Got that okay. One of the things that he was an inveterate\nreader and he wrote all different kinds of things about . . . he had been in the\ngreat books club in Macon with people from the colleges ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=2070.0,2100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/transcript/42578/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in Macon. But he always\nwrote different kinds of essays about the things that he read. Later when he got\nto Carlyle Place, he began a book collection of Pulitzer Prize winning novels,\nand he collected first editions of those. He did one set and he had such a good\ntime doing it. This was before the Internet. He had to write different\nbookstores and places all over. He had such a good time that he did a second one\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=2100.0,2130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/transcript/42578/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and he ended up selling the second one. The first one I gave to the Washington\nMemorial Library in Macon after he died. But he had a great time doing that.\nThis was a picture of him and my mother at my mother's 90th birthday, which he\ndied about a year after that. My mother died three years after ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=2130.0,2160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/transcript/42578/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this picture was\ntaken. But he had a great time and he had opinions. He was a great letter\nwriter. He wrote all different kinds of things. I have found some of his letters\nand he could be very . . . he was very funny in his letters. People had a great\ntime and there're still people who, 10 years after his death, when I run into\nthem, tell me stories about letters he wrote. I have some of those. I have boxes\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=2160.0,2190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/transcript/42578/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of things of his that I still have to go through that I told Jeremy I've not\ndone yet, but to do that. I'm trying to think about that, what else to say if\nsomething else I left out here? He played tennis a lot. My mother, too, before\nher leg was amputated. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=2190.0,2220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/transcript/42578/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He was real active staying and playing tennis for many\nyears. When Arthur Ashe, who was African American tennis champion, came to\nMacon, he and my mother, this was in the I think in their early 1980s, they had\nhim stay at their house. Which was kind of unheard of for Middle Georgia to have\nan African American man stay there. My father didn't care what anybody thought\nabout him. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=2220.0,2250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/transcript/42578/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He just wanted to . . .\n\nDIAMOND: Did they actually have other African American friends?\n\nKAUFMAN: Yes. They did. Always. Yes. Always.\n\nDIAMOND: Did they visit in each other's homes. Or how did that work?\n\nKAUFMAN: I don't know the details about that. I really don't. I know some of the\npeople who came to our house, but I don't know. It was probably after I grew up\nbecause . . . when we were growing up. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=2250.0,2280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/transcript/42578/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I left home when I was 17 and I only\nbriefly, after living away for a couple of years, came back to live in Macon for\njust a couple of months. Anyway, I don't remember that. Don't remember that,\nfrankly . . . I don't remember what the topic was that we were talking about at\nthat particular time, but I wanted to go talk about the fourth book that he\nwrote too, which he did ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=2280.0,2310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/transcript/42578/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when my parents were at Carlyle Place. As I say, he and\nmy mother both did the research on this, and they spent hours and hours at the\ncemeteries in Macon. I'm going to get up to get this. I don't want to lose . . .\nOkay. Excuse me. I don't want to lose the connection there . . . Okay, we'll\njust put that down right back here. That was the papers, I think I was looking\nfor. The fourth book that he wrote ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=2310.0,2340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/transcript/42578/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was called \"The Great Migration and the\nFounding of Congregation Sherah Israel [in Macon, Georgia, 1881-1910],\" which\nnow is called Sha'arey Israel, from the 1880s to 1910. This was a book about,\nnot about Temple Beth Israel, though he did write a short history of Temple Beth\nIsrael. But there had been, one of the rabbis in Macon at Temple Beth Israel had\nwritten a scholarly book [for] his Ph.D. thesis ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=2340.0,2370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/transcript/42578/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about Temple Beth Israel. My\nfather wrote a shorter one, which is still used there in Macon at Temple Beth\nIsrael. But he wrote about the founding of the other synagogue in Macon, which\nhad started out being an Orthodox synagogue and became a Conservative synagogue.\nHe included in this because he was really always interested . . . in people. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=2370.0,2400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/transcript/42578/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It\nincludes the memoirs of three men who were founders of the congregation, David\nKruger, Oscar Drayson, and Bernhardt Goldgar. He includes their memoirs in this\nbook about Sha'arey Israel. He was working, he worked on that, that was\npublished in the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=2400.0,2430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/transcript/42578/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"late 1990s. He remained active up until . . . he was involved\nin Democratic politics. He would often rub the administration at Carlyle Place\nthe wrong way because of the things that he wanted to do. But I think that he\nloved irritating them. They didn't want and he understood this that you didn't\nwant to get people ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=2430.0,2460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/transcript/42578/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"real involved in politics when they live next door to each\nother. Get people antagonistic to one another. But he had gotten early on after\nbeing there . . . he figured out who the Democrats were. [He] talked to people\nand got all of them to financially support the nascent Middle Georgia Democratic\nWomen's [Club], which was an African American woman's organization. Primarily\ngot some of the women to actually join it, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=2460.0,2490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/transcript/42578/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"too. But then in the fall, he died in\nJanuary, it will be 11 years this year. Blessed memory of my father. But in the\nfall of . . . 2009, he did a poll of who the people thought. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=2490.0,2520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/transcript/42578/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He thought that\npeople were keeping their heads in the sand about Democratic politics and other\npolitics, too. He did a poll of who they thought the nominee would be in 2010,\nwhich ended up being, he didn't live to see Mr. [Barack] Obama being elected.\nBut I think he would have been just absolutely delighted about it. But did a\nlist of people and then wanted to publish the results. I can't remember whether\nhe actually got away with publishing the results ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=2520.0,2550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/transcript/42578/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of it or not. He was a charming\nman and difficult and charming at the same time. [He] didn't mind rubbing people\nthe wrong way, speaking out in what he believed in to. But I did think that this\nwas . . . I thought that looking back over the history of people in Macon who\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=2550.0,2580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/transcript/42578/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were in the time that I was growing up. Yes, there were Allman Brothers and\nother people, but there just didn't seem to be anybody that I knew about. I was\nfairly cognizant about Macon history, who had a range of interests and not just\nthe range of interests, but the activity that he had in so many different areas.\n\nDIAMOND: I would think there [was] not too many people in the universe that have\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=2580.0,2610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/transcript/42578/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"contributed what he contributed.\n\nKAUFMAN: He wrote letters all the time. He also wrote short stories. He wrote\nessays. I'm just . . . I found, not too long ago when I was preparing for this.\nI found on his list of the trees of Macon, there was an essay that I didn't know\nthat he had written about. I have to go . . . through all of these other boxes\nthat I was never able to do after he died. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=2610.0,2640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/transcript/42578/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I have to go see if I can find if\nthat one's been typed up anywhere too . . .\n\nDIAMOND: We've talked about your dad for almost an hour or so.\n\nKAUFMAN: Yes.\n\nDIAMOND: Before we wind that up, I would love to hear your story another time\nwhen you've done your research.\n\nKAUFMAN: Certainly. Right.\n\nDIAMOND: I think that would be a lovely gift to The Breman.\n\nKAUFMAN: You mean about my father? The other things about my father.\n\nDIAMOND: No, you.\n\nKAUFMAN: Yes. Okay. Right. Great. Sure.\n\nDIAMOND: Is there anything else about your father that you've left out?\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=2640.0,2670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/transcript/42578/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"KAUFMAN: If I do, I will have to think about it later. He and my mother were\nvery close. He was very generous to so many people, including his children. He\ndid instill a major sense of responsibility to community and social and\npolitical activities in all four of his children.\n\nDIAMOND: Just briefly, in that light, how have you accepted ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=2670.0,2700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/transcript/42578/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that responsibility\ngoing forward?\n\nKAUFMAN: That's a whole other story. It really is.\n\nDIAMOND: Okay, but I think that's the next story.\n\nKAUFMAN: It's much more extensive . . . Right. Different. Radically different ways.\n\nDIAMOND: Well, thank you so much.\n\nKAUFMAN: Thank you all. Thank you, Jeremy. Thank you, Margery, for doing this.\n\nDIAMOND: I really appreciate this. I hope I stayed out of your way.\n\nKAUFMAN: No, no, you did. If there's anything else you can think of or if I\nthink of anything else, I'll just write it as . . . appendix ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=2700.0,2730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/transcript/42578/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to this. Just\ntrying to think if I left anything out. Let me just look real quickly at my\nnotes here. He was very involved in helping other people start businesses and\nmaintain their businesses just independently. [He] . . . helped huge numbers of\npeople individually too. I can remember early on and not only people ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=2730.0,2760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/transcript/42578/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from the\nnewspaper who had different kinds of problems. From the newspaper and from the\ntheater who we would help financially and otherwise. Then he was real involved\nin . . . SCORE, the Society of Retired Executives, who helped other businesses.\nI'm probably forgetting other things. But . . .\n\nDIAMOND: You mentioned two synagogues in Macon. Were there more than two?\n\nKAUFMAN: No, just those two. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=2760.0,2790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/transcript/42578/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He was very close to people from the other\nsynagogue, as was my mother, too. Thank you both. This is going back to Gus\nBernd Kaufman again. He was very interested in Southern Jewish history. He was\nvery active in the Southern Jewish Historical Association. I cannot believe that\nI forgot that. [He] was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=2790.0,2820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/transcript/42578/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"really active with that. I can't remember and probably\nmy siblings will remember if he was actually . . . a board member for a while.\nBut he was active in the restoration of several Jewish cemeteries around the\nSouth, one in Cuthbert [Georgia]. There's a story that Ruth Einstein wrote for\nthe Southern Israelite. Maybe it was called the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=2820.0,2850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/transcript/42578/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish Georgian at that point,\nabout the restoration of the Cuthbert Cemetery. But also of one in Phenix City,\nAlabama, a Jewish cemetery there. He was, in the writing of the book . . . of\nthe family of Simon Kaufman of Lichtenau, involved in partial restoration . . .\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=2850.0,2880.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/transcript/42578/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the two major Jewish cemeteries in Columbus, Georgia. But I really have\nforgotten all about writing, and I think I'll probably find a folder about his\nwork with the Southern Jewish Historical Society. Sorry about that. Thank you\nall for letting me do that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=2880.0,2910.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/annotation_set/1027","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Annotations [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/annotation_set/1027/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMargery Diamond is a photographer based in Atlanta, Georgia. Her images have been exhibited in the United States and Israel. She has had images published in national and regional magazines and published her own books. She has a volunteer portrait project at The William Jewish Home and also has volunteered at The Breman Museum.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/annotation_set/1027/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum in Atlanta celebrates and commemorates Jewish history, culture, and art through events and museum spaces. The Breman also contains the Cuba Family Archives for Southern Jewish History, which houses thousands of manuscripts, oral histories, and photograph collections, related to southern Jewish history and the Holocaust. This interview of Perry Brickman is one of those transcripts.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/annotation_set/1027/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTalbotton, Georgia is a small community located in west central Georgia. It is the county seat of Talbot County. It was incorporated in 1828 and was named after former Governor Matthew Talbot.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/annotation_set/1027/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMacon, Georgia is located in central Georgia. It is officially known as Macon-Bibb County, a consolidated city-county. The city was settled on what was originally the site of the Ocmulgee Old Fields, where the Creek Indians lived in the 18th century. In 1809, Fort Benjamin Hawkins was built on what would officially become Macon in 1823. During the Civil War, the city was spared by Union General William Tecumseh Sherman on his march to sea.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=60.0,90.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/annotation_set/1027/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGus Bernd Kaufman (1918-2008) was a businessman from Macon, Georgia. He was President of the family business G. Bernd Co. from 1943-1980 and operated two other businesses. He was a member of the NAACP, lifelong Democrat, and member of Temple Beth Israel in Macon. He was active in various community organizations, wrote four books on his family history and Macon Jewish history. He was married to Marian Waxelbaum Kaufman and had four children, Marianna Kaufman, Aaron Kaufman, Gus Kaufman Jr. and Lise Kaufman Dayan. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=60.0,90.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/annotation_set/1027/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eColumbus is a city in western Georgia and lies on the Chattahoochee River directly across from Phenix City, Alabama. The city was founded in 1828 and is named for Christopher Columbus. The city was the site of the last land battle of the Civil War. The Battle of Columbus, Georgia occurred on April 16, 1865 after the Lee’s surrender and the assassination of President Lincoln. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=60.0,90.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/annotation_set/1027/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMiami is a city located in south Florida on the coast of the Atlantic Ocean. It is the second largest city in Florida and the county seat of Miami-Dade County.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=90.0,120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/annotation_set/1027/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLichtenau is a small town in the Rastatt district in southwestern Baden-Württemberg, Germany. The city was developed from a water castle that the Bishop of Strasbourg had constructed between 1293-1296. It was chartered in 1300 and remained a fortress until 1686.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=120.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/annotation_set/1027/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe German Revolution in 1848 was part of larger revolutionary movement that spread from France throughout Europe. After revolutionary victories in Paris and Vienna, revolts broke out throughout various German states with the people demanding greater freedom of the press, freedom of assembly, written constitutions, arming the people, and a parliament. Fearing being overthrown like King Louis-Philippe in France, some German monarchs started to accept the demands of the people, but the changes did not last long-term.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=180.0,210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/annotation_set/1027/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Leo Baeck Institute is an archive and research library that is focused on the history and culture of German-speaking Jews. It is located in New York City.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=210.0,240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/annotation_set/1027/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eG. Bernd Company was founded in 1865 as a blacksmith and harness making company. It evolved animal byproduct business. Gus Kaufman was president of the company from 1943 to 1980 when he sold the company. It was the oldest continuous business in Macon, Georgia at the time of it sale in 1980.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=240.0,270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/annotation_set/1027/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Ku Klux Klan (or Knights of the Ku Klux Klan today, also referred to as the KKK) is a white supremacist, white nationalist, anti-immigration, anti-Jewish, anti-Catholic, anti-Black secret society, whose methods included terrorism and murder. It was founded in the South in the 1860s and then died out and come back several times, most notably in the 1920s when membership soared again, and then again in the 1960s during the civil rights era. When the Klan was re-founded in 1915 in Georgia, the event was marked by a cross burning on Stone Mountain. In the past its members dressed up in white robes and pointed hoods designed to hide their identity and to terrify. It is still in existence.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=240.0,270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/annotation_set/1027/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Great Depression was a severe worldwide economic depression in the decade preceding World War II. The time of the Great Depression varied across nations, but in most countries it started in about 1929, when the American stock market crashed, and lasted until the late 1930s or early 1940s. It was the longest, most widespread, and deepest depression of the twentieth century. The Great Depression is often seen as the major turning point in 20th-century world history. In Europe, World War I had a long-term impact on the economy and financial stability. Postwar inflation spiraled into hyperinflation by the 1920’s and European banks struggled to stay open. Exasperating the situation were skyrocketing unemployment rates. The Great Depression had immediately visible political and social ramifications in Europe, including increased antisemitism and nationalism.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=270.0,300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/annotation_set/1027/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe University of Georgia (UGA) is a public land grant university, which was founded in 1785 making it one of the oldest universities in the United States. Its main campus is in Athens, Georgia with two satellite campuses in Atlanta and Lawrenceville. It is the flagship school of the University System of Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=270.0,300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/annotation_set/1027/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWorld War II (abbreviated WWII or WW2) was a global war involving fighting in most of the world and most countries. Most countries fought in the years 1939–1945 but some started fighting in 1937. Most of the world's countries, including all the great powers, fought as part of two military alliances: the Allies and the Axis Powers. World War II was the largest and deadliest conflict in all of history. It involved more countries, cost more money, involved more people, and killed more people than any other war in history. Between 50 to 85 million people died. The majority were civilians. It included massacres, the deliberate genocide of the Holocaust, strategic bombing, starvation, disease, and the only use of nuclear weapons against civilians in history.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=300.0,330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/annotation_set/1027/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDuring World War II, Office of Civilian Defense coordinated state and federal measures for the protection of civilians as a part of the \"home guard\" or \"air raid warden\" setup. It was a volunteer organization with no salaried personnel. Volunteers were trained to respond to attacks, conduct search and rescue, provide first aid, and other duties.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=300.0,330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/annotation_set/1027/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMarianna is referring to Joyland Toy Store, which her father owned. He also owned the Macon Raceway and Hobby Shop.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=390.0,420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/annotation_set/1027/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMarian Waxelbaum Kaufman (1916-2010) was born and raised in Macon, Georgia. She graduated from Wesleyan College and taught English at Lanier Junior High School for Boys until her marriage to Gus Kaufman in 1944. She was very active in her community including Girl Scouts, League of Women Voters, Georgia Democratic Party and Temple Beth Israel. She and her husband wrote four books on his family history and Macon Jewish history. She and Gus had four children, Marianna Kaufman, Aaron Kaufman, Gus Kaufman Jr. and Lise Kaufman Dayan. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=420.0,450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/annotation_set/1027/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eNew Orleans, Louisiana sits on the Mississippi River near the Gulf of Mexico. The city is nicknamed the \"Big Easy\" and is known for its live-music scene and cuisine that reflects the French, African and American cultures that influenced the city.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=480.0,510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/annotation_set/1027/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eB'nai B'rith International [Hebrew: Children of the Covenant] is the oldest Jewish service organization in the world. B'nai B'rith states that it is committed to the security and continuity of the Jewish people and the State of Israel and combating antisemitism and bigotry. Its mission is to unite persons of the Jewish faith and to enhance Jewish identity through strengthening Jewish family life, to provide broad-based services for the benefit of senior citizens, and to facilitate advocacy and action on behalf of Jews throughout the world.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=480.0,510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/annotation_set/1027/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCongregation Emanu-El in San Francisco and one of the oldest Jewish congregation in California. It is also one of the largest Jewish congregations in the United States. The Reform congregation was founded in 1926.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=480.0,510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/annotation_set/1027/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAlbuquerque is New Mexico's largest city. It was founded in 1706 a La Villa de Alburquerque by the Nuevo Mexico governor.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=510.0,540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/annotation_set/1027/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA Renaissance man is used to describe a person with a wide set of interests and is an expert in various areas.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=540.0,570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/annotation_set/1027/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Georgia Council on Human Relations was a biracial group that worked against discrimination and prejudice due to race, religion, ethnicity, and nationality during the 1950s and 1960s. The organization had ten chapters around Georgia including Albany, Atlanta, Augusta, Columbus, LaGrange, Macon, and Savannah. The organization ceased operating in the 1960s.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=540.0,570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/annotation_set/1027/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) is an African-American civil rights organization in the United States. It was formed in 1909 and its mission is “to ensure the political, educational, social, and economic equality of rights of all persons and to eliminate racial hatred and racial discrimination.”\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=570.0,600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/annotation_set/1027/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe American Civil Rights Movement encompasses social movements in the United States whose goal was to end racial segregation and discrimination against Black Americans and enforce constitutional voting rights to them. The movement was characterized by major campaigns of civil resistance. Between 1955 and 1968, acts of nonviolent protest and civil disobedience produced crisis situations between activists and government authorities. Noted legislative achievements during this phase of the Civil Rights Movement were passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the Voting Rights Act of 1965, the Immigration and Nationality Services Act of 1965, and the Fair Housing Act of 1968.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=600.0,630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/annotation_set/1027/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Tubman Museum is located in Macon, Georgia. It is focused on educating individuals about African American art, history and culture. The museum was founded in 1981 and is named for Harriet Tubman, who helped hundreds of other Africans Americans escape slavery.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=600.0,630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/annotation_set/1027/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAntisemitism is prejudice against, hostility to, or hatred of Jews.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=630.0,660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/annotation_set/1027/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJeremy Katz was the archivist at the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum from 2013-2021. As of 2021, he is the archivist at Hamilton College in Clinton, New York.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=630.0,660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/annotation_set/1027/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLeo Max Frank (1884-1915) was a Jewish factory superintendent in Atlanta, Georgia. In 1913, he was accused of raping and murdering one of his employees, a 13-year-old girl named Mary Phagan, whose body was found on the premises of the National Pencil Company. Frank was arrested, tried, convicted and sentenced to death for her murder. The trial was the catalyst for a great outburst of antisemitism led by the populist Tom Watson and the center of powerful class and political interests. Frank was sent to Milledgeville State Penitentiary to await his execution. Governor John M. Slaton, believing there had been a miscarriage of justice, commuted Frank’s sentence to life in prison. This enraged a group of men who styled themselves the “Knights of Mary Phagan.” They drove to the prison, kidnapped Frank from his cell and drove him to Marietta, Georgia where they lynched him. Many years later, the murderer was revealed to be Jim Conley, who had lied in the trial, pinning it on Frank instead. Frank was pardoned on March 11, 1986, although they stopped short of exonerating him.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=660.0,690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/annotation_set/1027/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Macon Little Theatre was founded in 1934 and is the oldest, continuously running community theatre under the same name in the southeast United States. In 1961, a new theatre was built on Forsyth Road in Macon and the theatre is still located their today.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=660.0,690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/annotation_set/1027/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIsrael Bonds/Bonds for Israel is also known as Development Corporation for Israel (DCI). DCI is the United States underwriter of debt securities issued by the State of Israel. In 1951, the Israeli government began issuing bonds that could be purchased by investors to help the newly formed state of Israel. The American Jewish community was initially some of the biggest investors in the program because they were looking for ways to support Israel’s fledging economy. Over time the program has grown, and numerous private and institutional investors have come to participate in the program. Between 1951 and 2022 the total sale of bonds worldwide has exceeded $48 billion.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=840.0,870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/annotation_set/1027/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWith international pressure mounting, in 1945, Britain, unable to find a practical solution, referred the problem to the United Nations, which in November 1947 voted to partition Palestine into Jewish and Arab states in May 1948 when the British mandate was scheduled to end. After the British began the withdrawal of their military forces from Palestine in early April 1948, Zionist leaders moved to establish a modern Jewish state. On May 14, 1948—the day the British Mandate over Palestine expired—David Ben-Gurion, the chairman of the Jewish Agency for Palestine, announced the formation of the state of Israel. The next day, forces from Egypt, Transjordan, Syria, Lebanon, and Iraq invaded and war began.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=870.0,900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/annotation_set/1027/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTemple Beth Israel was founded in 1852 by Jews of German descent. It was originally an Orthodox congregation and was named “Congregation Kahal Kadosh Beth Israel.” The sanctuary was built in 1902 and is noted for its magnificent glass windows and dome overlaid with stained glass. In 1880 the Temple officially became a Reform congregation, and as of 2022 the congregation is led by Rabbi Elizabeth Bahar.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=870.0,900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/annotation_set/1027/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA synagogue is a Jewish house of worship where the congregation meets for religious services and instruction.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=900.0,930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/annotation_set/1027/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eReform Judaism is a division within Judaism, especially in North America and the United Kingdom. Historically it began in the 19th century. In general, the Reform movement maintains that Judaism and Jewish traditions should be modernized and compatible with participation in Western culture. While the Torah remains the law, in Reform Judaism women are included (mixed seating, bat mitzvah, and women rabbis), instrumental music is allowed in the services, and most of the service is in the local language as opposed to Hebrew.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=900.0,930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/annotation_set/1027/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIsidor Straus (1845-1912) was a Bavarian-born American Jewish businessman and politician. He immigrated to the United States in 1854, initially settling in Columbus, Georgia and later Talbotton, Georgia. During the Civil War, he went to England to help secure ships for blockade running and also worked as an aide to a London-based Confederate agent. After the war, he moved to New York City and eventually became a co-owner of Macy’s Department Store. He represented New York’s 15th Congressional District for just over a year in the US House of Representatives from 1894-1895. He and his wife, Ida were passengers on the Titanic and died when the ship sank in 1912.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=990.0,1020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/annotation_set/1027/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Straus Historical Society promotes educational activities related to the settlement of Jews in the United States, and specifically on the family of Lazarus and Sara Straus, their ancestors and their descendants.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=1020.0,1050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/annotation_set/1027/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe American Civil War, widely known in the United States as the “Civil War” or the “War Between the States,” was fought from 1861 to 1865 to determine the survival of the Union or independence for the Confederacy. In January 1861, seven Southern slave states declared their secession from the United States and formed the Confederate States of America. The Confederacy, often called the “South,” grew to include 11 states, and although they claimed 13 states and additional western territories, the Confederacy was never diplomatically recognized by a foreign country. The states that did not declare secession were known as the “Union” or the “North.” The war had its origin in the issue of slavery. After four years of bloody combat, which left over 600,000 Union and Confederate soldiers dead and destroyed much of the South's infrastructure, the Confederacy collapsed, slavery was abolished, and the difficult Reconstruction process of restoring national unity and granting civil rights to freed slaves began.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=1080.0,1110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/annotation_set/1027/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Boy Scouts of America (BSA, colloquially the Boy Scouts) is the largest scouting organization and one of the largest youth organizations in the United States, with about 2.3 million youth participants and about one million adult volunteers. The BSA was founded in 1910, and since then, about 110 million Americans participated in BSA programs at some time in their lives. BSA is part of the international Scout Movement and became a founding member organization of the World Organization of the Scout Movement in 1922.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=1110.0,1140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/annotation_set/1027/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Silver Beaver Award is the highest recognition a Boy Scout Council can give to an adult volunteer leader.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=1140.0,1170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/annotation_set/1027/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFounded in 1912 by Juliette Gordon Lowe, Girl Scouts of the United States of America is a youth organization that aims to empower girls and help teach values such as honesty, fairness, courage, compassion, character, and citizenship through various activities. Membership is organized by grade level.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=1140.0,1170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/annotation_set/1027/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAaron Bernd (1894-1937) was born and raised in Macon, Georgia. He graduated from the University of Georgia. During WW I, he served in the US Army and after the war he returned to Macon. In addition to managing the family business, G. Bernd Company, he was a writer and literary editor. In addition to writing for the Macon Telegraph under the pseudonym “Coleman Hill,” he also contributed to the Baltimore Sun, the New Yorker, and the American Legion Monthly.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=1260.0,1290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/annotation_set/1027/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Macon Telegraph is the third-largest newspaper in the state of Georgia. It was founded in 1826. The paper covers Macon and parts of Middle Georgia. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=1260.0,1290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/annotation_set/1027/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eNom de plume is an assumed named used by a writer instead of their real name.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=1260.0,1290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/annotation_set/1027/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEmory University is a private research university in Atlanta, Georgia. Founded in 1836 as \"Emory College\" by the Methodist Episcopal Church and named in honor of Methodist bishop John Emory, Emory is the second-oldest private institution of higher education in Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=1320.0,1350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/annotation_set/1027/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFreda Nadler (1906-1991) was a native of Macon, Georgia. She graduated from Wesleyan College. She was a member of Temple Beth Israel and its first female President. Freda was very active in the Macon community and was a supporter of various arts and community organizations. She also wrote an occasional editorial page column in the Macon Telegraph.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=1380.0,1410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/annotation_set/1027/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGus Kaufman and Marian Waxelbaum Kaufman wrote four books including The Family of Simon Kaufmann of Lichtenau, Germany (1992), The Great Migration and the Founding of Congregation Sherah Israel in Macon, Georgia, 1881-1910 (2003), The Jewish Burials of Macon, Georgia, 1844-1997, and 1490 Listing of Marriages of Macon and Bibb County, Georgia, 1823-1997 (1998).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=1560.0,1590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/annotation_set/1027/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAnchorage is the largest city of the state of Alaska and is located in the southcentral part of the state. It sits at the terminus of Cook Inlet on a peninsula formed by the Knik Arm to the north and the Turnagain Arm to the south. Nearly 40% of Alaska's population lives in Anchorage.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=1650.0,1680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/annotation_set/1027/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePhiladelphia is Pennsylvania's largest city. It has a deep connection to the founding of the United States because it is home of Independence Hall, where the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution were signed. It is also home to the Liberty Bell and other American Revolutionary sites. The city was founded in 1682 by William Penn.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=1650.0,1680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/annotation_set/1027/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBattle Creek is located in the southwestern part of Michigan. The city is nicknamed the \"Cereal City\" thanks to it being the home of the Kellogg Company and the founding city of Post Brand cereals.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=1650.0,1680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/annotation_set/1027/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA \u003cem\u003ebar mitzvah\u003c/em\u003e [Hebrew: son of commandments; plural: \u003cem\u003eb’nai mitzvah\u003c/em\u003e] is a rite of passage for Jewish boys aged 13 years and one day. At that time, a Jewish boy is considered a responsible adult for most religious purposes. He is now duty-bound to keep the commandments, he puts on tefillin, and may be counted to the minyan quorum for public worship. He celebrates the bar mitzvah by being called up to the reading of the Torah in the synagogue, usually on the next available Sabbath after his Hebrew birthday.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=1680.0,1710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/annotation_set/1027/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHebrew for “daughter of commandments.” A rite of passage for Jewish girls aged 12 years and one day according to her Hebrew birthday. Many girls have their \u003cem\u003ebat mitzvah\u003c/em\u003e around age 13, the same as boys who have their \u003cem\u003ebar mitzvah \u003c/em\u003eat that age. The \u003cem\u003ebat mitzvah\u003c/em\u003e girl is now duty bound to keep the commandments. Synagogue ceremonies are held for \u003cem\u003ebat mitzvah\u003c/em\u003e girls in Reform and Conservative communities, but it has not won the approval of Orthodox rabbis. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=1680.0,1710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/annotation_set/1027/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCarlyle Place is a senior living complex located in Macon, Georgia. It opened in 2001 and was central Georgia's first planned senior living community that allowed senior's to age in place and receive services within one campus setting.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=1860.0,1890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/annotation_set/1027/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eHanukkah\u003c/em\u003e or \u003cem\u003eChanukah\u003c/em\u003e [Hebrew: dedication] is an eight-day festival of lights usually falling around Christmas on the Christian calendar. \u003cem\u003eHanukkah\u003c/em\u003e celebrates the victory of the Maccabees in 165 BCE over the Seleucid rulers of Palestine, who had desecrated the Temple. The Maccabees wanted to re-dedicate the Temple altar to Jewish worship by rekindling the \u003cem\u003emenorah\u003c/em\u003e (ritual candelabra) but could only find one small jar of ritually pure olive oil. This oil continued to burn miraculously for eight days, enabling them to prepare new oil. The \u003cem\u003eHanukkah\u003c/em\u003e \u003cem\u003emenorah\u003c/em\u003e, or\u003cem\u003e hanukiah\u003c/em\u003e, with its nine branches, is used to commemorate this miracle by lighting eight candles, one for each day, with the ninth candle.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=1980.0,2010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/annotation_set/1027/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe United States Constitution is the supreme law of the United States. It delineates the form of the government (executive, legislative, judicial), the doctrine of separation of powers. It describes the rights and responsibilities of the state governments and the states in relationship to the federal government. It was created on September 17, 1787, ratified on June 21, 1788, and became effective on March 4, 1789. It remains the oldest and longest standing national constitution in the world. It has been amended 27 times.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=1980.0,2010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/annotation_set/1027/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Declaration of Independence was the pronouncement made by the 13 colonies listing their reasons for seeking independence from Great Britain. It was adopted by the Second Continental Congress on July 4, 1776 and was the first collective step in forming the United States.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=1980.0,2010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/annotation_set/1027/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSeder\u003c/em\u003e [Hebrew: order] is a Jewish ritual feast that marks the beginning of the Jewish holiday of Passover. It is conducted on the evening of the fifteenth day of \u003cem\u003eNisan\u003c/em\u003e in the Hebrew calendar throughout the world. Some communities hold \u003cem\u003eseder\u003c/em\u003e on both the first two nights of Passover. The \u003cem\u003eseder\u003c/em\u003e incorporates prayers, candle lighting, and traditional foods symbolizing the slavery of the Jews and the exodus from Egypt. It is one of the most colorful and joyous occasions in Jewish life.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=2010.0,2040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/annotation_set/1027/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMarianna is referring to the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami. It was one of the 10 worst earthquakes in history and the single worst tsunami in history. It impacted India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Maldives, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Seychelles, Thailand, and Somalia. It is estimated to have killed at least 225,000 people.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=2010.0,2040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/annotation_set/1027/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Pulitzer Prize is named for American newspaper publisher, politician, and philanthropist, Joseph Pulitzer. Pulitzer Prizes were established in 1917 with money he bequeathed to Columbia University. They are awarded annually in recognition of artistic and journalistic achievements.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=2100.0,2130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/annotation_set/1027/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eArthur Ashe (1943-1993) was an African American professional tennis player. He won three Grand Slam singles. He is the only black man to win the singles title at Wimbledon, the US Open, and the Australian Open. He retired in 1980. Ashe became infected with HIV from a blood transfusion he received during heart bypass surgery. He publicly announced his illness in 1992 and worked to educate others on HIV and AIDS through the Arthur Ashe Foundation. In 1993, he died from AIDS-related pneumonia. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=2220.0,2250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/annotation_set/1027/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCongregation Sha’arey Israel is an egalitarian Conservative synagogue in Middle Georgia. The congregation was founded in November 1904.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=2340.0,2370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/annotation_set/1027/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOrthodox Judaism is a traditional branch of Judaism that strictly follows the written Torah and the oral law concerning prayer, dress, food, sex, family relations, social behavior, the Sabbath day, holidays, and more.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=2370.0,2400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/annotation_set/1027/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAlso known as Masorti Judaism, Conservative Judaism is a form of Judaism that seeks to preserve Jewish tradition and ritual, but has a more flexible approach to the interpretation of the law than Orthodox Judaism. It attempts to combine a positive attitude toward modern culture, while preserving a commitment to Jewish observance. In general, Conservative congregations also observe gender equality (mixed seating, women rabbis, and bat mitzvah). The governing body for Conservative Judaism in the United States is the United Synagogue of Conservative Judaism (USCJ), formerly known as the United Synagogue of America.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=2370.0,2400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/annotation_set/1027/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Democratic Party is one of the two major contemporary political parties in the United States. It was founded in 1828 and is the world’s oldest active political party.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=2430.0,2460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/annotation_set/1027/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Middle Georgia Democratic Women’s Club was an organization based in Macon, Georgia that focused on educating and discussing political issues. As of 2016, the organization no longer appears to be active.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=2460.0,2490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/annotation_set/1027/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBarack Hussein Obama II (1961- ) was the 44th President of the United States, serving two consecutive terms from 2009-2016. He is the first African-American elected as president in United States history. Although Obama declared himself a Christian, rumors began that he was a Muslim. Whether the rumors were an effort to discredit him or to equate him with a faith some Americans perceive as negative, the rumors persisted throughout his presidency.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=2520.0,2550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/annotation_set/1027/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Allman Brothers Band was an American rock band formed in Jacksonville, Florida in 1969. They were based in Macon, Georgia for a period of time. “The Big House” was the home in Macon where the band’s original members, their families, and various friends lived from 1970-1973. The house was turned into a museum in 2009 and known as The Allman Brothers Band Museum.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=2580.0,2610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/annotation_set/1027/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSCORE is a non-profit organization that works to help small businesses and entrepreneurs through mentoring and counseling. The organization was started in 1964 and is primarily funded by the US Small Business Administration. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=2760.0,2790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/annotation_set/1027/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSince its founding in 1977, the Southern Jewish Historical Society has worked to foster scholarship about the experience of southern Jews. With an annual conference, academic journal, and active grant and award programs, the society has helped to move Southern Jewish history from the margins of the American Jewish narrative into the mainstream.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=2790.0,2820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/annotation_set/1027/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCuthbert, Georgia is a city located in southwest Georgia. 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In Talbotton was where the Isidor Straus family was from. Two of the Kaufman brothers, including my great-great grandfather, married Straus sisters.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=976.0,1134.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/index/53016/annotation/192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Antisemitic","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Civil War","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Isidor Straus","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lichtenau, Germany","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Straus Society","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Talbotton, Georgia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=976.0,1134.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/index/53016/annotation/193","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Father's love of outdoors and involvement in Home Guard","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=1134.0,1257.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/index/53016/annotation/194","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"All of his life, my father had been a Boy Scout and was real active with the scouts later on in his life. [He] was awarded the high scouting badges for adults, called the Silver Beaver Award.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=1134.0,1257.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/index/53016/annotation/195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Birdwatching","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Boy Scouts of America","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Conservation","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Girl Scouts of America","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Home Guard","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"World War II","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=1134.0,1257.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/index/53016/annotation/196","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Her father being politically progressive","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=1257.0,1429.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/index/53016/annotation/197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Aaron Bernd was also very politically progressive and as a writer was in touch with writers all over the United States and political people, too. 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In the process of doing this, he and one of my brothers went with my parents to Germany. This is before the internet. He did enormous amounts of history there and in this country. [He] wrote a really extensive family genealogy . . . family tree, of this whole family.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=1557.0,1859.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/index/53016/annotation/204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Anchorage, Alaska","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Author","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Battle Creek, Michigan","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Books","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Cemeteries","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lichtenau, Germany","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Macon, Georgia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Philadelphia, Pennsylvania","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rabbi","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Reform Judaism","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Research","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=1557.0,1859.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/index/53016/annotation/205","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Her father's activities at the retirement community","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=1859.0,2206.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/index/53016/annotation/206","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They moved to a retirement center, a brand new retirement center in Macon that existed in 2001. My father became there . . . people used to call him the mayor of Carlyle Place. He was extremely active there at Carlyle Place.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=1859.0,2206.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/index/53016/annotation/207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"4th of July","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Carlyle Place","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Christmas","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Declaration of Independence","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hanukkah","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Israel Bonds","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Macon, Georgia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Pulitzer Prize","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Recycling","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Retirement community","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Seders","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Tsunami","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"United States Constitution","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=1859.0,2206.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/index/53016/annotation/208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Friendships with African Americans ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=2206.0,2307.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/index/53016/annotation/209","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When Arthur Ashe, who was African American tennis champion, came to Macon, he and my mother, this was in the I think in their early 1980s, they had him stay at their house.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=2206.0,2307.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/index/53016/annotation/210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"African American","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Arthur Ashe","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Tennis","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=2206.0,2307.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/index/53016/annotation/211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The fourth book Gus Kaufman wrote","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=2307.0,2435.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/index/53016/annotation/212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The fourth book that he wrote was called \"The Great Migration and the Founding of Congregation Sherah Israel [in Macon, Georgia, 1881-1910],\" which now is called Sha'arey Israel, from the 1880s to 1910. ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=2307.0,2435.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/index/53016/annotation/213","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Congregation Sha'arey Israel","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Conservative Judaism","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Orthodox Judaism","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rabbi","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Temple Beth Israel","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=2307.0,2435.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/index/53016/annotation/214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Her father's political activities","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=2435.0,2574.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/index/53016/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He remained active up until . . . he was involved in Democratic politics. He would often rub the administration at Carlyle Place\nthe wrong way because of the things that he wanted to do. But I think that he loved irritating them.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=2435.0,2574.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/index/53016/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"African American","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Barack Obama","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Democrats","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Politics","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=2435.0,2574.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/index/53016/annotation/217","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Her father's legacy and other activities","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=2574.0,2898.983"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/index/53016/annotation/218","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He and my mother were very close. He was very generous to so many people, including his children. He did instill a major sense of responsibility to community and social and political activities in all four of his children.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=2574.0,2898.983"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144/index/53016/annotation/219","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Columbus, Georgia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Community involvement","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Cuthbert, Georgia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Legacy","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lichtenau, Germany","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Macon, Georgia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Phenix City, Alabama","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SCORE","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Social Responsibility","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Society of Retired Executives","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Sothern Israelite","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Southern Jewish Historical Society","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Synagogues","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89407/file/185144#t=2574.0,2898.983"}]}]}]}