{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/ng4gm8251w/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Goldstein, Marvin"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["1989-08-31 (creation)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["Audio"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source"]},"value":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum","Esther and Herbert Taylor Oral History Collection","Jewish Oral History Project of Atlanta"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eDr. Marvin Goldstein was interviewed by Merna Alpert on August 31, 1989 and September 12, 1989 in Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e (general)","\u003cp\u003eMarvin Clarence Goldstein was born in Atlanta, Georgia on March 25, 1917. His parents were Avrum Mayer Goldstein (1879-1947) and Anne Kaufman Goldstein (1883-1955), immigrants from Poland, Russia. Marvin was married to Rita Atlas Goldstein (later Wolfson, 1926-2017). Marvin and Rita Goldstein were the parents of five children: Armand Goldstein, Aleta Ellin, Andrew Goldstein, Ann Strickland, and Adam Goldstein. During his childhood, Marvin’s father supported his family first as a peddler, then as a grocery store owner, and eventually began a business that salvaged rags, steel, and wool. Marvin lived with his parents and siblings on Capitol Avenue in Atlanta. Marvin attended elementary school, Hoke Smith Junior High School, and Boys’ High School in Atlanta. Marvin graduated from Emory University with a combined undergraduate and master’s degree in dentistry. He obtained training in orthodontic dentistry at Columbia University and the University of Michigan. Marvin was a dentist in general practice with his brother Irving Goldstein until 1942. Marvin served as a dental surgeon for the United States Army Air Forces in Europe during World War II.  When he returned from his military service, Marvin opened his own practice as an orthodontist. Marvin’s professional activities included terms as international president of the Alpha Omega Dental Fraternity, editor of the American Journal of Orthodontics, president of the Georgia Society of Orthodontists, trustee for the American Fund for Dental Health, honorary fellow in the American College of Dentists and International College of Dentists, and chief of staff of the Ben Massell Dental Clinic. Marvin was in the hotel business with his brother Irving (1905-1979), purchasing and building hotel properties in Atlanta, Georgia. They owned the Peachtree Manor, Georgian Terrace, Atlanta Cabana, and the American Hotel. Marvin’s activities in the Jewish community included: president of Ahavath Achim Synagogue, Atlanta Jewish Federation, ORT Atlanta men’s chapter, Tichon Atlanta, B’nai Brith’s Atlanta chapter; and vice-president of the American Jewish Committee. Marvin served as a vice-chairman of the board of trustees for the Martin Luther King Center for Non-violent Social Change. He passed away on November 22, 1997 at the age of 80.\u003c/p\u003e (bioghist)","\u003cp\u003eMarvin begins by discussing the immigration of his paternal grandparents and his parents from Poland, Russia to Atlanta, Georgia, in reaction to the 1900 pogroms and to avoid army conscription. Marvin talks about his father’s salvage business and how it was affected by the Great Depression. He tells about the black worker who drove their truck to pick up cotton sheet clippings from the Ku Klux Klan headquarters. He discusses the business relationship of whites, blacks, and Jews and the limits of their personal relationships. Marvin describes growing up in an Orthodox home, attending synagogue on Shabbat, and studying Talmud with Rabbi Tobias Geffen. Marvin remembers attending Shabbat services at Shearith Israel Synagogue on Hunter Street, which his father helped start and where he was bar-mitzvahed. He attended Hebrew and Sunday School at Ahavath Achim Synagogue, which his paternal grandfather helped found. Marvin talks about the Shearith Israel Juniors [SIJ] Club, of which he was a member growing up. He says that he and 20 of the SIJ members continue to meet together. Marvin tells about his military service in World War II for the United States Army Air Forces from 1942 to 1946. He says he flew as a gunner in raids when he was stationed in England.  He recalls attending the re-opening the Rothschild Great Synagogue of Paris for Rosh Ha-Shanah in 1944. He describes releasing displaced persons from camps in Germany and placing them in temporary housing. Marvin discusses enrolling at Emory University at the age of 16 and obtaining his joint undergraduate and graduate degree in dentistry. He discusses attending the University of Michigan and Columbia University to specialize in orthodontics for adults. He tells about first working as a dentist in partnership with his brother Irving Goldstein and then opening his own practice as an orthodontist. Marvin talks about his leadership positions and activities in Alpha Omega Dental fraternity including founding of the Hebrew University Hadassah School of Dental Medicine. Marvin talks about racial integration. He tells how his dental practice accepted Black patients, including the family of Martin Luther King, Jr., and Sr.  He discusses buying and building hotels, including the first integrated hotel in Atlanta. He talks about the Ben Massell Dental Clinic, its history, and its treatment of Blacks. Marvin discusses the anti-Semitism he and other students encountered at Emory University’s Dental School that resulted in a 60 percent failure rate of Jewish students in the Dental School during the 1960’s. He tells how he and Morris Abram collected and presented data evidencing discrimination toward Jewish students to the University’s president that resulted in the dean’s resignation. Marvin tells about the growth Atlanta and the Atlanta Jewish community since his childhood. He talks about the separation between the German-Jewish Reform community, the Orthodox community, and the Spanish [Sephardic] community, and how the separations diminished in time. He discusses the change in Ahavath Achim from an Orthodox to Conservative congregation.  Marvin briefly discusses his five grown children, their professions, and his satisfaction with their choices.\u003c/p\u003e (scope content)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source Metadata URI"]},"value":{"en":["https://archivesspace.thebreman.org/repositories/2/archival_objects/28007"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject"]},"value":{"en":["Ahavath Achim Congregation (corporate name)","Shearith Israel Congregation (corporate name)","World War II (topical term)","Civil Rights Movement (topical term)","Martin Luther King, Jr. (personal name)","The Great Depression (topical term)","Alpha Omega Foundation (corporate name)","American Academy of Esthetic Dentistry (corporate name)","Medical College of Georgia (corporate name)","National Jewish Welfare Board (corporate name)","Atlanta Jewish Federation (corporate name)"]}}],"summary":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eDr. Marvin Goldstein was interviewed by Merna Alpert on August 31, 1989 and September 12, 1989 in Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarvin Clarence Goldstein was born in Atlanta, Georgia on March 25, 1917. His parents were Avrum Mayer Goldstein (1879-1947) and Anne Kaufman Goldstein (1883-1955), immigrants from Poland, Russia. Marvin was married to Rita Atlas Goldstein (later Wolfson, 1926-2017). Marvin and Rita Goldstein were the parents of five children: Armand Goldstein, Aleta Ellin, Andrew Goldstein, Ann Strickland, and Adam Goldstein. During his childhood, Marvin’s father supported his family first as a peddler, then as a grocery store owner, and eventually began a business that salvaged rags, steel, and wool. Marvin lived with his parents and siblings on Capitol Avenue in Atlanta. Marvin attended elementary school, Hoke Smith Junior High School, and Boys’ High School in Atlanta. Marvin graduated from Emory University with a combined undergraduate and master’s degree in dentistry. He obtained training in orthodontic dentistry at Columbia University and the University of Michigan. Marvin was a dentist in general practice with his brother Irving Goldstein until 1942. Marvin served as a dental surgeon for the United States Army Air Forces in Europe during World War II.  When he returned from his military service, Marvin opened his own practice as an orthodontist. Marvin’s professional activities included terms as international president of the Alpha Omega Dental Fraternity, editor of the American Journal of Orthodontics, president of the Georgia Society of Orthodontists, trustee for the American Fund for Dental Health, honorary fellow in the American College of Dentists and International College of Dentists, and chief of staff of the Ben Massell Dental Clinic. Marvin was in the hotel business with his brother Irving (1905-1979), purchasing and building hotel properties in Atlanta, Georgia. They owned the Peachtree Manor, Georgian Terrace, Atlanta Cabana, and the American Hotel. Marvin’s activities in the Jewish community included: president of Ahavath Achim Synagogue, Atlanta Jewish Federation, ORT Atlanta men’s chapter, Tichon Atlanta, B’nai Brith’s Atlanta chapter; and vice-president of the American Jewish Committee. Marvin served as a vice-chairman of the board of trustees for the Martin Luther King Center for Non-violent Social Change. He passed away on November 22, 1997 at the age of 80.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarvin begins by discussing the immigration of his paternal grandparents and his parents from Poland, Russia to Atlanta, Georgia, in reaction to the 1900 pogroms and to avoid army conscription. Marvin talks about his father’s salvage business and how it was affected by the Great Depression. He tells about the black worker who drove their truck to pick up cotton sheet clippings from the Ku Klux Klan headquarters. He discusses the business relationship of whites, blacks, and Jews and the limits of their personal relationships. Marvin describes growing up in an Orthodox home, attending synagogue on Shabbat, and studying Talmud with Rabbi Tobias Geffen. Marvin remembers attending Shabbat services at Shearith Israel Synagogue on Hunter Street, which his father helped start and where he was bar-mitzvahed. He attended Hebrew and Sunday School at Ahavath Achim Synagogue, which his paternal grandfather helped found. Marvin talks about the Shearith Israel Juniors [SIJ] Club, of which he was a member growing up. He says that he and 20 of the SIJ members continue to meet together. Marvin tells about his military service in World War II for the United States Army Air Forces from 1942 to 1946. He says he flew as a gunner in raids when he was stationed in England.  He recalls attending the re-opening the Rothschild Great Synagogue of Paris for Rosh Ha-Shanah in 1944. He describes releasing displaced persons from camps in Germany and placing them in temporary housing. Marvin discusses enrolling at Emory University at the age of 16 and obtaining his joint undergraduate and graduate degree in dentistry. He discusses attending the University of Michigan and Columbia University to specialize in orthodontics for adults. He tells about first working as a dentist in partnership with his brother Irving Goldstein and then opening his own practice as an orthodontist. Marvin talks about his leadership positions and activities in Alpha Omega Dental fraternity including founding of the Hebrew University Hadassah School of Dental Medicine. Marvin talks about racial integration. He tells how his dental practice accepted Black patients, including the family of Martin Luther King, Jr., and Sr.  He discusses buying and building hotels, including the first integrated hotel in Atlanta. He talks about the Ben Massell Dental Clinic, its history, and its treatment of Blacks. Marvin discusses the anti-Semitism he and other students encountered at Emory University’s Dental School that resulted in a 60 percent failure rate of Jewish students in the Dental School during the 1960’s. He tells how he and Morris Abram collected and presented data evidencing discrimination toward Jewish students to the University’s president that resulted in the dean’s resignation. Marvin tells about the growth Atlanta and the Atlanta Jewish community since his childhood. He talks about the separation between the German-Jewish Reform community, the Orthodox community, and the Spanish [Sephardic] community, and how the separations diminished in time. He discusses the change in Ahavath Achim from an Orthodox to Conservative congregation.  Marvin briefly discusses his five grown children, their professions, and his satisfaction with their choices.\u003c/p\u003e"]},"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/097/890/small/VGF_510_002.jpeg?1619272905","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - Goldstein_Marvin.mp3"]},"duration":6750.40653,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/097/890/small/VGF_510_002.jpeg?1619272905","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-thebreman.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/097/890/original/Goldstein_Marvin.mp3?1611764884","type":"Audio","format":"audio/mp3","duration":6750.40653,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Marvin Goldstein [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ALPERT: Today is August 31, 1989. I am interviewing Dr. Marvin Goldstein in his\noffice in Atlanta. Dr. Goldstein, you had mentioned that your folks came from\nPoland, Russia when they arrived in the United States. Do you know why they\ncame? I like to start with ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"family history and then get on to the professional\nthings, if it's okay.\n\nDR. GOLDSTEIN: My father's father and mother had already come to Atlanta some\nthree to four years previously because he had a brother already living here in\nAtlanta. They came straight from Russia, Poland as a result of the 1900 pogroms\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and other factors, and having the necessity of being conscripted to the army\nthere which they wanted to avoid. They came to the United States since they\nalready had family here in this area of the country.\n\nALPERT: Your grandparents, who arrived here earlier, were they also coming\nbecause of anti-Semitic problems ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=60.0,90.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where they lived?\n\nDR. GOLDSTEIN: Yes.\n\nALPERT: How old were your folks when they came? Do you know?\n\nDR. GOLDSTEIN: My folks came here in roughly . . . my folks came to Atlanta in\n1905. At the time that they came, 84 years ago, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=90.0,120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"my brother--my oldest brother\nwho has since passed away, Irving Goldstein--was only five months old at the\ntime. They, at that particular time, were in their thirties.\n\nALPERT: Tell me, what kind of work did they do?\n\nDR. GOLDSTEIN: I really don't know what . . . My father, like his father, were\nso-called 'Talmudic scholars' in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=120.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the old country. They came here. My grandfather\nhad a grocery store. We always kidded. We wondered when he ever worked. He\nwalked around and worked for the synagogue. From the very first day I remember\nknowing him from having grown up here, and all the rest of them, having six\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=150.0,180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"children. I was the youngest of five brothers and sisters. All of them except my\nbrother Irving were born here in Atlanta.\n\nALPERT: You have a sense of Atlanta history, which we will get to because I\nthink that's important. Did your family work in your grandfather's grocery store\nat first?\n\nDR. GOLDSTEIN: Probably for ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=180.0,210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"somewhat. I think relatively early my father\nbecame--in the very early days--a peddler with a pack on his back. He then\nopened a small grocery store at the corner of Jackson and Decatur Streets in\nAtlanta. Little by little, he came into the rag business ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=210.0,240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and metal. Also\neventually became a wool expert. At the end of World War I, he was buying up the\nwool from uniforms and sent them to manufacturers for recycling of wool in those days.\n\nALPERT: It's interesting to know that was done then. Can you share with us some\nof ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=240.0,270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the memories and feelings that you had about your home as a Jewish home as\nyou were growing up? What do you remember?\n\nDR. GOLDSTEIN: We were an Orthodox Jewish home as I was growing up. I attended\nsynagogue regularly with my father on Shabbat and Shabbat mornings. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=270.0,300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I stayed\nover with Rabbi Geffen at that time for the shaleshudes, which was afternoon\nservice where we would sit for an hour or so studying Talmud and general\nstudies. He was very observant, as was my grandfather. My father had sort of\nsplit away to help form the Shearith Israel ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=300.0,330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"congregation. My grandfather was one\nof the starters of the Ahavath Achim congregation. My grandfather on my mother's\nside was also one of the elders of the Ahavath Achim congregation. My two\ngrandfathers had a bench together at the synagogue on Washington Street. I go\nback to remember the synagogue of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=330.0,360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Shearith Israel on Hunter Street where we\ncelebrated the holidays. We would walk from our home on Capitol Avenue over to\nthe synagogue. We were very observant and observed all of the holidays and\nfestivals. We were brought up in that manner to be observant of all holidays and\ncustoms and felt very ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=360.0,390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish.\n\nALPERT: Were there big family celebrations in your home, in your grandparent's\nhome, or another relative's home?\n\nDR. GOLDSTEIN: We would always have the holidays in our home. A number of\nrelatives would come. We had on both sides of our family . . . on my mother's\nside of the family, the Cuba family were our first ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=390.0,420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"cousins--Joe and Max Cuba--\nand my aunt and their mother, who had lost her husband at the battle of\ninfluenza going back right . . . I think it was 1913. At the time, my cousin Joe\nCuba was born. He never knew his father. His father died before he was actually\nborn. He came . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=420.0,450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"his father came here as a Hebrew scholar and to be a Hebrew\nteacher here in Atlanta in, roughly, I think it was, 1913. We all observed\ntogether. The families on both sides would frequently get together for the major\nholidays and at regular intervals. We were all a very close family over the years.\n\nALPERT: That must bring back some warm memories.\n\nDR. GOLDSTEIN: Yes, it always does.\n\nALPERT: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=450.0,480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Did you sense or feel, you yourself, or other members of your family,\nany anti-Semitism in neighbors or in the businesses of your parents and grandparents?\n\nDR. GOLDSTEIN: I presume mildly. I never remember a direct instance. I go back\nto remembering the first house when I was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=480.0,510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"maybe three to four years old. We\nlived in an apartment on Capitol Avenue on the corner of Fulton Street. Shortly\nthereafter, my father bought the house that a cousin had been living in, who was\nCharlie Goldstein. We took over the house on Capitol Avenue near Piedmont\nHospital there. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=510.0,540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I remember growing up there. That was all the years until I went\noff to college and came back until after . . . Actually, we lived there until\nafter my father's death.\n\nALPERT: Which was when?\n\nDR. GOLDSTEIN: My father was murdered here in Atlanta in 1947. He was robbed and\nmurdered at his place of business.\n\nALPERT: How awful.\n\nDR. GOLDSTEIN: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=540.0,570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That was in 1947, shortly within one year after I had come back\nfrom the army. I had spent almost four years in Europe. I had been away for\nalmost four years. I was the dental surgeon for the Air Forces in Europe.\n\nALPERT: That must have been quite a dramatic, unhappy time for you.\n\nDR. GOLDSTEIN: That's right.\n\nALPERT: When you were getting into high school ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=570.0,600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and then going on to college--I'm\nkind of trying to go in chronological sequence--did you have any particular\ninterests in high school? Any particular activities or fun?\n\nDR. GOLDSTEIN: I guess, as most Jewish mothers of our time . . . we did a lot of\nthings because we wanted to please Mama. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=600.0,630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That seemed to be the feeling. Our\nmothers spent more time with us than our fathers were able to do because of work\nneeds. Mom always instilled in us the necessity of succeeding, the necessity of\neducation. My sister, my oldest sister, had gone to what we called a Normal\nTraining School. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=630.0,660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"She had become a teacher here in Atlanta. I went through\ngrammar school and skipped a grade. I went into junior high school at Hoke\nSmith, which was ordinarily three years. I took the examinations and went\nthrough in two years. When I went to Boys' High School, which was a three year\ncourse, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=660.0,690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I finished it in two years. I became one of the first, perhaps the only\nperson, who they permitted to do so. I think that they shortly thereafter\nindicated they would not permit it. I was 16 when I went into college.\n\nALPERT: That is unusual.\n\nDR. GOLDSTEIN: I went to Emory for five years and got a combined undergraduate\nas well as graduate degree in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=690.0,720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"dentistry. My brother was already a dentist.\nTherefore I was steered in that path.\n\nALPERT: I was going to ask you what led you to dentistry.\n\nDR. GOLDSTEIN: I was steered because I was very close to my brother. Although he\nwas 12 years older than I, he influenced me a great deal in all of the aspects\nof both the profession and his ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=720.0,750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"community life. He was a very dedicated community worker.\n\nALPERT: You said you went to other universities for graduate work. Is that for specialist?\n\nDR. GOLDSTEIN: After I finished Emory dental school, I decided to go in to\nspecialize in the field of orthodontics. I went to the University of Michigan\nand ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=750.0,780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"got one of these on the walls.\n\nALPERT: I'll come to those later. I'm going to ask you about some of those.\n\nDR. GOLDSTEIN: I still felt that I needed and wanted additional training due to\nthe fact that there was an upheaval at that time coming into the field. It was a\nrelatively new field. There was one of the leading men in the world putting on\ncourses at Columbia. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=780.0,810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I had the opportunity of going up and studying with him at\nColumbia University.\n\nALPERT: That's a good deal of schooling. Was there family money to pay for this\nor did you have to earn your way through some of it?\n\nDR. GOLDSTEIN: That's a very good question. We were never poor, but we were\nnever wealthy. I never remember having to struggle to have food on the table. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=810.0,840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We\nalways had enough food and shelter. I do remember, to start Emory, my father\nborrowed on his insurance policy $200 to be able to get me the initial tuition\nto get into Emory. Then I worked selling shoes. I worked for Edison Brothers.\nThey had Burt's and also Butler's Shoes at that time, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=840.0,870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which was already a part\nof Burt's, which was Edison Brothers. Butler's was also later, and Chandlers . .\n. all part of Edison chain. They would make us, even in those days . . . I could\nwork on a Saturday and make as much as $30 or $40 for the Saturday.\n\nALPERT: That was good money then, I'll bet.\n\nDR. GOLDSTEIN: Little by little, I was able to help. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=870.0,900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"My father always tried to\nprovide what he could and to help me do so.\n\nALPERT: Was the family upset about your working on Saturdays?\n\nDR. GOLDSTEIN: Not really. They would have preferred not to, but I indicated\nthat I had to do something to try to help. He permitted it reluctantly.\n\nALPERT: Did all the schooling ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=900.0,930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"take place before World War II?\n\nDR. GOLDSTEIN: Yes, I was already a dentist. I graduated in 1938.\n\nALPERT: From Emory?\n\nDR. GOLDSTEIN: From Emory. Then I was back here practicing in 1940. Upon\ngraduation from Emory, they gave the upper ten percent of the class a\ncommission. I received a commission in 1938 when I graduated as a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=930.0,960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"First\nLieutenant. When I was called to service, I went in as a First Lieutenant.\nShortly thereafter I became a Captain and ended up as a Major at a later time.\n\nALPERT: This is sort of coming out of the blue. You said that you were in Europe\nduring the war for four years in this capacity? Are there any situations ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=960.0,990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or\nincidents during that time, that place, that were significant for you?\n\nDR. GOLDSTEIN: I went in with the troops shortly after D-Day and we had to do .\n. . I was a Captain then, so I had orders that I took. Even though I was with\nAir Forces, we had forced marches coming in shortly ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=990.0,1020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"after the invasion of\nEurope. I spent . . . I came over in 1942. I was stationed in England with Air\nForces. Little by little, we developed raids. I had flown on several raids with\nAir Forces as a gunner on the plane to be one of the boys in the outfit so ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=1020.0,1050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you\ncould feel what they were going through. I remember well going through, as we\nwent through victory . . . I was at . . . we were in Chartres, coming through\nbefore victory. As the Germans were leaving Paris, my commander permitted me to\ntry to go into Paris for the Rosh Ha-Shanah ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=1050.0,1080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of 1944. I think it was 1944 or\n1945. I believe it was 1944. I was with Rabbi Nadich, who was chief chaplain of\nall the forces. He was chief Jewish chaplain. Later, Nadich became rabbi of the\nPark Avenue Synagogue ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=1080.0,1110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in New York. Under his guidance, I assisted him in opening\nof the Rothschild Synagogue in Paris. We were there together for the first Rosh\nHa-Shanah opening. It opened Rosh Ha-Shanah day, I think in 1944, because in\n1945, we were already coming back. We were treated as ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=1110.0,1140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"heroes by the Jewish\npopulation that poured into the synagogue on that particular occasion and made\nmany friends at that time. I was in Germany . . . after going through the rest\nof the invasion, we went in through Germany and met with many of the displaced\npersons. We released a whole ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=1140.0,1170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"group of women from Czechoslovakia, Austria, and\nother areas that had been imprisoned in camps, work camps. They were wives and\nchildren of professionals from Hungary that had been in an area of Germany where\nthey had air force plants. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=1170.0,1200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We released them. I remember going into this\ncommunity where they were, knocking on doors and demanding that each of the nice\nhomes there take two, three, and four of these people into their homes so we\ncould have a place for them to be until we could decide where we could send them\nall to. These people reluctantly took them in. We told them that if they did\nnot, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=1200.0,1230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or if they abused them in any way, we would be checking on them almost\ndaily to be sure that they were treated well. We gave them army rations so that\nthey would have enough food to feed them at that particular time. Those were\ninteresting occasions. Also made me ardently Zionist during that time because of\nmy correspondence with Rabbi Epstein during those ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=1230.0,1260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"times that I was there. I was\na bachelor all during the war. I corresponded regularly with Rabbi Epstein. I\nkept abreast of what was going on in the states. I met many of the people who\nbecame leaders at a later time.\n\nALPERT: The opening of the synagogue on Rosh Ha-Shanah must have ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=1260.0,1290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"been a very\nemotional experience for everybody.\n\nDR. GOLDSTEIN: Yes. One of the great moments. I've gone back several times to\nvisit Rothschild synagogue. They still have commemorative plaques of that\nparticular occasion.\n\nALPERT: Those are extraordinary memories that should not be lost. You know what\nI glossed over, before you got ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=1290.0,1320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"into the war and before the United States got\ninto the war, the whole thing with Nazism and Hitler. How did it affect your\nfamily and you? Before you went into the army, were you aware of it?\n\nDR. GOLDSTEIN: As most American Jewish families, we were not fully aware of what\nwas going on. We knew ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=1320.0,1350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that . . . we heard the tales of what was going on but\nnever to the extent. We knew that it was bad for the Jews there in Germany and\nthat they were suffering. We heard some rumors concerning being taken to\nconcentration camps. We had no idea of the extent of what was going on at that\nparticular time. Otherwise, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=1350.0,1380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"many of us would have been more ardent in our\ndemands of what could have been done. We went along, really not altogether\nknowledgeable. Later I became friendly with William \"Bill\" Haber, who ended up .\n. . He was the general that Eisenhower appointed to help later in the question\nof release from the concentration camps and to rehabilitate. Bill ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=1380.0,1410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"became a\nprofessor at the University of Michigan in economics and one of the outstanding\nJews in the world, he and his brother, Samuel Leon Haber. Sam became head of the\nJoint. Bill became international world head of ORT.\n\nALPERT: When you said \"Joint,\" you meant \"Joint Distribution?\"\n\nDR. GOLDSTEIN: Yes.\n\nALPERT: I guessed as much.\n\nDR. GOLDSTEIN: Both of them inspired me to work. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=1410.0,1440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Later, I set up, along with\nRabbi Epstein, the first men's chapter of ORT here in Atlanta. I became its\nfirst president.\n\nALPERT: That's another extraordinary thing. The other thing I did not ask about\nwhen we were going through the family history is the Great Depression. The Great\nDepression occurred. Did it affect your family?\n\nDR. GOLDSTEIN: Yes. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=1440.0,1470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"My father's business was very much affected. He could sell\nnone of his wares at that particular time. He still struggled enough to where we\ncould have enough to eat. Interestingly enough, as I guess a child of six,\nseven, or eight years old, which had to be somewhere around ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=1470.0,1500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"1923 or 1924, I\nremember my father's business. He had a large wagon, a horse and wagon, and we\nhad a . . . he was very close to the black community. He hired . . . he employed\na number of blacks who did what we called the sorting of the materials ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=1500.0,1530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the\nbailing of them. This particular black man was the driver of the horse and\nwagon. I remember going into . . . He had a contract for the Federal\nPenitentiary to take their white duck clippings. They had the largest\nmanufacturing plant of duck in the United States in those days.\n\nALPERT: Duck, meaning animals or duck cloth?\n\nDR. GOLDSTEIN: Duck cloth. The clippings after they had made all the mail bags\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=1530.0,1560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"out of duck. The clippings. We would come in . . . I remember as a kid going\ninto the federal Pen under tight supervision. They would put these clippings in\nlarge burlap bags and load them on the wagon. I would sit on top of these big\nburlap bags, and the horse and wagon would pull us to our place on Decatur\nStreet and bring them there for unbailing. In the same days, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=1560.0,1590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Papa had the\ncontract with the Ku Klux Klan. They had a big house and sort of factory on\nPeachtree Road, near where the Peachtree Church now is, right off the corner of\nWest Wesley, a block or so down. We would go in and take their white ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=1590.0,1620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"clippings\nfrom the sheets that they were making their Ku Klux Klan uniforms from. They\nwould have the clippings. We would take and buy the clippings, and they would\ncome back to our place to be mailed. They would be sent to the factories that\nmake paper because all the best papers were going to white so that the whites\nwere sold in that way.\n\nALPERT: Did ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=1620.0,1650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the black man who drove the wagon also drive it to the Ku Klux Klan headquarters?\n\nDR. GOLDSTEIN: Yes. We never had any problem. You understand that on a personal\nbasis they all had friends. On a racial basis you were a \"Jew\" or a \"nigger.\" On\na personal basis, different ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=1650.0,1680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"people had you as friends up to point A or B. You\nwent along and could do business together.\n\nALPERT: That's an aspect that, personally, I was not aware of. Those are\nfascinating. You were not alive during the period of the Leo Frank situation.\n\nDR. GOLDSTEIN: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=1680.0,1710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"No.\n\nALPERT: Do you remember any repercussions later on?\n\nDR. GOLDSTEIN: Actually, I myself don't remember any repercussions because the\nLeo Frank case was roughly 1913, as I remember. Before I was even old enough to\nknow about it, it was over. The effects had really gotten over. The effects\nlinger on. I was active in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=1710.0,1740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Leo Frank case as president of the Federation\nwhen it came up in order to try to get his posthumous pardon. Eventually, he was\npardoned when we found out certain things that were not known earlier at that\ntime and when the gentleman decided to testify after many years before he died.\nI became fully versed because, as president of Federation, I became one of the\nspokesmen, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=1740.0,1770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"nationally, to correct the injustice that was done.\n\nALPERT: You were probably, also, too young. I understand there was a big fire in\nAtlanta, I think around 1917. You were probably just born so you wouldn't know\nabout that either. Do you know if your family moved or was affected by that? Or\ntheir businesses?\n\nDR. GOLDSTEIN: I do ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=1770.0,1800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"remember my father's business and warehouses were affected\nby big fires that had nothing to do with that one, but big fires that completely\nlost virtually everything that he had, on one or more occasions. You could not\nget insurance for that type of merchandise in those days. I remember a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=1800.0,1830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"large\nwarehouse that he had things in. He never became wealthy but he started to buy a\nlittle real estate. He became comfortable in his last years and provided well\nfor my mother so that she never had to struggle in any way. Certainly, during\nthe depression years, I remember we always had a maid. We paid $3 a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=1830.0,1860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"week.\n\nALPERT: For full time?\n\nDR. GOLDSTEIN: Full time. This maid was glad to work because she could take home\ncertain foods that were left overs. At least she helped her family with food and\nso forth down the line, and that was not uncommon. Roughly $3, $4, or $5 a week\nwas the going rate for a maid in those days ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=1860.0,1890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to come in and help out. We\nessentially had someone to help all those years.\n\nALPERT: We've brought you so far, almost to the end of the war, your return, and\nyour father's death. Did your father's death ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=1890.0,1920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"change relationships within the family?\n\nDR. GOLDSTEIN: Not really. My father was a very unusual man because he would\nleave his business all day long to walk around with what we call a meshulach,\nwhich was one of the people that came from . . . a rabbi from Israel, to plead\nfor money for an ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=1920.0,1950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"orphanage, a general or orphan's home, and so forth down the line.\n\nALPERT: Excuse me one moment. Meshulach is a new word to me. Could you spell it?\n\nDR. GOLDSTEIN: Meshulach. M-E-S-H-U-L-A-C-H. It was actually a person who came\nfrom the old country, usually from Israel, at that time Palestine, to ask for\nhelp with various charities. It could be ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=1950.0,1980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for an orphan's home. It could be for a\nTorah institute, or just to help in whatever ways. He would never refuse\nanybody. He would walk around . . . especially the blind. He would take a blind\nperson and walk with him the whole day long to try to get other people to give a\nlittle money to help him.\n\nALPERT: That is unusual.\n\nDR. GOLDSTEIN: He would spend a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=1980.0,2010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"great deal of his time in that way. His father,\nwho was really also learned . . . His mother, when she came here -- that was my\ngrandmother -- she was one of the few that could write already English. She\nbecame the writer for many in the community. They ended up buying, after they\nleft Connally Street, which was the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=2010.0,2040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"old street, a combination black-white street\nin those days, and bought what was then known as . . . Gabriel Schoen,\nS-C-H-O-E-N. He was one of the big entrepreneurs in the German-Jewish community,\nin terms of having a big business. They had a beautiful home on Washington\nStreet. My grandfather bought that home on Washington Street, which at that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=2040.0,2070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"time\nwas really a beautiful home. Even now, in today's time, it's nice. That was near\nthe synagogue, a block and half from the synagogue, which would be his reason\nfor coming there.\n\nALPERT: Your grandmother being able to write English, I'm sure was exceedingly\nunusual, especially for a woman.\n\nDR. GOLDSTEIN: Yes. She was very learned. She became . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=2070.0,2100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Many of the people\nwho couldn't write would come to her to write letters. Actually, that was one of\nthe reasons she passed away. They would be writing with ink and a pen. They\ndidn't have the ball point pens of today. She accidentally stuck the pen into\nher finger on one ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=2100.0,2130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"particular occasion.\n\nALPERT: With ink on it?\n\nDR. GOLDSTEIN: With ink. Infection set in. It was the days before antibiotics.\nShe developed, what in those days was called, blood poisoning -- septicemia. She\npassed away as a young woman, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=2130.0,2160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"comparatively, so I think. I don't remember. I\ndon't recall the age at that particular time, but I remember her funeral. I was\nabout 11 years old at the time, so she had away some 60 years or so ago.\n\nALPERT: That's also a sad story.\n\nDR. GOLDSTEIN: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=2160.0,2190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"My grandfather lived to be right at 100.\n\nALPERT: Mazel tov.\n\nDR. GOLDSTEIN: He passed away through normal attrition at the age of 100. His\ndaughter, my father's sister, was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=2190.0,2220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Mrs. Ida Levitas. She became and was one of\nour outstanding citizens. From the early days as a kid I went to the Jewish\nEducational Alliance, which was not too far from my house on Capitol Avenue. I\nremember every Saturday Mama and I would walk from our home to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=2220.0,2250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"downtown, which\nwould be about a mile or a mile and a half. Of course, we didn't ride on the\nShabbat. We would go to a movie . . .\n\nALPERT: That was alright.\n\nDR. GOLDSTEIN: . . . and have ice cream at Nunnally's in downtown Atlanta and\nthen walk back home.\n\nALPERT: That was a Shabbat treat. Dr. Goldstein, let's bring you back from\nEurope and the war. Your ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=2250.0,2280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"father died shortly after that. Were you married at the time?\n\nDR. GOLDSTEIN: I was not married at that particular time. I was married to my\npresent wife in 1957. That was shortly after my mother died. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=2280.0,2310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"My mother continued\nto live here after my father's death until her death. She passed away at that\nparticular time but I was not married . . .\n\nALPERT: In other words, the first time you were married was 1957?\n\nDR. GOLDSTEIN: No. I was married ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=2310.0,2340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for a year in 1950 for a very short period of\ntime. I never had any children then. My present wife, I got married to in 1957.\nWe had our children after that.\n\nALPERT: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=2340.0,2370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"During the years . . . I assume you started practicing right away.\n\nDR. GOLDSTEIN: I started practicing with my brother in 1939 after I finished\nuniversity. We stayed together until World War II when I was called to the\nservice. When I came back from the service in 1946, I opened my own office. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=2370.0,2400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It\nwas difficult to get referrals when you are with an office that is doing general practice.\n\nALPERT: Did you begin to specialize then?\n\nDR. GOLDSTEIN: Yes. I had already gotten my degree in the specialization. I\nspecialized, starting in my office, in 1946.\n\nALPERT: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=2400.0,2430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The Ben Massell Dental Clinic had been started quite a bit before that,\nI gather.\n\nDR. GOLDSTEIN: My brother started, what was then known as the Morris Hirsch\nDental Clinic. He was out of school. He started it sometime around 1930. It was\npart of the Morris Hirsch Clinic ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=2430.0,2460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"behind the Jewish Educational Alliance on\nCapitol Avenue. They had started this clinic. I, myself, have had my tonsils\nremoved in that clinic. It was a general health clinic for those who really\ncould not afford other places. He started a dental section of the clinic in\nthose days under the auspices of the Morris Hirsch Clinic, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=2460.0,2490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a clinic for\nchildren. They had several beds. They did these things right there in the\nclinic, an inpatient proposition as well as outpatient.\n\nALPERT: Was that funded by the Jewish community?\n\nDR. GOLDSTEIN: Yes. It was funded originally by a grant from Morris Hirsch and\nhis family. It stayed that way, and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=2490.0,2520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they gave funds over the years until such\ntime as we needed a new clinic many years later. This was after the war when the\nregular clinic disbanded because of factors . . . Grady Hospital became\navailable, and others. The clinic itself as a medical clinic ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=2520.0,2550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ceased to exist,\nbut the dental needs were there and continued on. Ben Massell was a patient and\na friend of my brother Irving. He was able to induce Ben to give a building,\nwhich was actually not the present building, but it was a building off of Pryor\nStreet that later ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=2550.0,2580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the expressway took. At that time, the funds from that\nbuilding went to buy the present building that the Massell is in. We saw fit\nsince the Hirsch family was no longer interested, and the family was no longer\ngiving the funds to help it. The board decided to rename itself to the Ben\nMassell Dental Clinic in memory of Ben Massell, in honor of him, at first.\nLater, in memory of him.\n\nALPERT: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=2580.0,2610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm assuming that you were a practicing dentist at that clinic.\n\nDR. GOLDSTEIN: Yes, of course.\n\nALPERT: From when you started?\n\nDR. GOLDSTEIN: I started going there with my brother, Irving, doing . . . In\nthose days, all we did was extraction of decaying and diseased teeth for pain.\nWe would ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=2610.0,2640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"work on straight chairs almost sitting a patient in, and we would, of\ncourse, give them Novocain to deaden. Then, we would remove . . . . It was not\nuncommon for us between my brother and me to remove as many as 50 to 100 teeth\nperhaps in one day. They would be lined up with disease and pain. You would have\nto try and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=2640.0,2670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"relieve the pain. Little by little, there were other members of the\nstaff, including Dr. Nathan Blass, who later came on staff as he graduated, and\nDr. George Chait. Others also participated, at the beginning, almost exclusively\nwith Jewish dentists. My brother remained chief of staff until I took over from\nhim some few years before he passed away. Then I became chief of staff and I'm\nstill ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=2670.0,2700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"chief of staff emeritus. At the present time, my cousin, Dr. Ted Levitas,\nIda Levitas' son, took over as chief of staff. It has sort of stayed in the\nfamily since the inception of the clinic itself.\n\nALPERT: Now they do much more than extractions only?\n\nDR. GOLDSTEIN: Now we have approximately 100 dentists on the staff.\n\nALPERT: Part-time I assume.\n\nDR. GOLDSTEIN: We have no ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=2700.0,2730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"full-time even though we have had some type of\nresidency program from time to time to do what we call educational . . . as far\nas certain dentists, to help educate them in post-graduate work. Since all of\nour specialists on staff of a various field . . . Dr. Levitas was formerly chief\nof staff of the Good Samaritan, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=2730.0,2760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the clinic for Scottish Rite. We now get the\nhelp of the complete dental society, giving us funds every year to maintain the\nclinic. It's a tribute to the dentists themselves that they do this for the\nbenefit of the community. It's always been under the auspices of the Jewish\nFamily Services.\n\nALPERT: It almost sounds as though it could be ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=2760.0,2790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"completely independent.\n\nDR. GOLDSTEIN: It could, but for administration it's under their auspices.\n\nALPERT: I was thinking because so many of the family service agencies . . .\n\nDR. GOLDSTEIN: . . . at one of its main agencies and does the supervision. We\nare a complete United Way Agency. All of our funding, with the exception of\ndonations, comes from the societies. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=2790.0,2820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Recently, we had a rebuilding or remodeling\nof the clinic. The Steiner Foundation gives us a nice stipend every year towards\nrefurbishing and redoing of the equipment. Recently, the Thomas P. Hinman Dental\nSociety, through the auspices of Dr. Levitases on the board, has seen fit to\ngive us a large stipend to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=2820.0,2850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"help refurbish it again.\n\nALPERT: It's good to know that there is that kind of resource in Atlanta.\n\nDR. GOLDSTEIN: The clinic has worked extremely well and has the sympathy and the\nhelp of the total dental fraternity and community to try to do this for the\npeople of Atlanta.\n\nALPERT: This is good because . . .\n\nDR. GOLDSTEIN: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=2850.0,2880.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We would say now that we were one of the first agencies to\ncompletely integrate. We always demanded that there be no racial bias in the\npeople that were seen. We were the first that saw black patients as well as\nwhite and, of course, Hispanics and others. Although at one time we had a\nrelatively fair amount of, perhaps, Jewish citizens, the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=2880.0,2910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish community needed\nhelp. We would say that in today's time, probably less than one percent of our\npatients are Jewish.\n\nALPERT: That's interesting how it's grown that way. Let's get back to you\npersonally again. In 1946, when you set up your own practice, at least until the\ntime you got married, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=2910.0,2940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what kinds of outside activities were you involved in?\n\nDR. GOLDSTEIN: I can speak generally. As far as the Atlanta Jewish community was\nconcerned, I have been . . . I've become president of almost every Jewish\norganization in the city of Atlanta.\n\nALPERT: That's quite a record.\n\nDR. GOLDSTEIN: I was president and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=2940.0,2970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"one of the starters of Technion Atlanta. I was\npresident of B'nai B'rith chapter here. Also, president of the synagogue here. I\nwas chairman or head of the National Jewish Welfare Board on services for the\nSoutheast immediately after the war. I've been head of USO . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=2970.0,3000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the\nhead of the government appointed me to the Historical Trust Commission. I'm\nstill a member for many years of the Historical Trust Commission and all of the\n. . . I was a vice president of the American Jewish Committee over the years.\nI've been on the regional board of ADL for many years. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=3000.0,3030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't remember of any .\n. . and then became president of Atlanta Jewish Federation. I'm also vice\nchairman of the board of trustees and directors of the Martin Luther King Center\nfor Non-violent Social Change. I was the first office, orthodontic office, in\nthe southeast, the only one for many years that saw ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=3030.0,3060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and took black patients, and\nan integrated office where people could come and take their turn like anybody\nelse. I've been active in the Civil Rights Movement over these many years. I\ntreated all of Dr. King's children and family. Most of the civil rights leaders\nand all of their children have been patients of mine over the years. I became\nactive ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=3060.0,3090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with them. Dentally, I became International President of the Alpha Omega\nDental Fraternity which represents some 25,000 Jewish dentists around the world.\nI'm still active as chairman of their foundation. We dispense grants, mostly to\nIsrael, but to dental schools throughout the country . . . some $300,000 a year\nin grants that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=3090.0,3120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we raise every year through our foundation.\n\nALPERT: That's quite a summary.\n\nDR. GOLDSTEIN: I still do that. I was instrumental in being chairman of raising\nthe funds to build the Hebrew University Hadassah School of Dental Medicine\nwhich was founded by Alpha Omega. I still remain chairman of the committee since\nwe built it and dedicated it. I had the privilege of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=3120.0,3150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"dedicating it in 1964.\nThat's been those many years. I've also been co-chairman when we built the Tel\nAviv University Dental School there. That's been the activity in terms of\nvirtually every organization in the Jewish realm. I was commander of the Jewish\nWar Veterans here. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=3150.0,3180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I received awards from over 200 organizations for work that\nI've done or for lectures that I've given throughout the world.\n\nALPERT: Who would have time to breathe?\n\nDR. GOLDSTEIN: Sometimes it feels that way.\n\nALPERT: That's sounds as though it kept you ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=3180.0,3210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"busy every single minute, weekends,\nevenings, between everything.\n\nDR. GOLDSTEIN: I've written over a couple of dozen major articles for the\nliterature, research papers, and co-author of several books.\n\nALPERT: You mentioned that you had recently been to a conference or a meeting of\nthe Esthetic Society? Could you tell me a little bit about that?\n\nDR. GOLDSTEIN: My nephew, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=3210.0,3240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Dr. Ronald Goldstein, who has become one of the really\noutstanding dentists in the world today . . . He's known throughout the world.\nHe's lectured everywhere. He has written several books. I was co-author with him\non a book, Esthetics in Dentistry. Some fifteen years ago, he and I, plus three\nother or four other people, formed the American Academy of Esthetic Dentistry,\nwhich has become one of the great ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=3240.0,3270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"centers for esthetic dentistry in the world.\n\nALPERT: When I hear the word esthetic, I think of harmonious, attractive, and\nthose kinds of things.\n\nDR. GOLDSTEIN: That's exactly what we do in terms of bringing the total face\ntogether in an esthetic complex so that the teeth blend in with the face. We\ncompletely determine what should be done for this particular patient for them ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=3270.0,3300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to\nhave an esthetic smile. Many of the stars have come to Dr. Ronald Goldstein,\nmany of whom I've seen in conjunction with him, such as Phyllis Diller, who he\nredid, Erma Bombeck, and Ivan Lendl, who he's working on now, the tennis player.\nMany of the most prominent people in the country fly down to see him. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=3300.0,3330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Many of\nthem he asks me to come in on consultation.\n\nALPERT: Is he also in Atlanta?\n\nDR. GOLDSTEIN: He's right above. His office is upstairs and my office is downstairs.\n\nALPERT: How convenient.\n\nDR. GOLDSTEIN: That's right. My brother and I built this building together some\n15 or 16 years ago with the idea that they would be upstairs and I would be\ndownstairs. They have a large complex upstairs I and my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=3330.0,3360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"partners here are\ndownstairs. We just do orthodontics and they do the general and esthetic portions.\n\nALPERT: Were other members of your family as active or not as active as you but\nactive in the Jewish community or general community?\n\nDR. GOLDSTEIN: My brother.\n\nALPERT: Your brother, Irving.\n\nDR. GOLDSTEIN: My brother was very active in all phases of the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=3360.0,3390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish community.\nHe actually was, in many ways, an example for me to follow.\n\nALPERT: It sounds as though you had a very good model.\n\nDR. GOLDSTEIN: He was an outstanding person.\n\nALPERT: How did your marriage and growing ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=3390.0,3420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"family interface with all these\nactivities plus your dentistry or livelihood?\n\nDR. GOLDSTEIN: Things sort of fall in place, I guess. You work intensively at\nwhatever comes up at the time. It's the same old adage,\"if you need something\ndone, get a busy man to do it.\" You find time to do the things one at a time as\nthey come up, or more as they arise. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=3420.0,3450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"My wife also became interested in\nFederation and became on the national women's board for United Jewish Appeal.\nI'm still on the National Cabinet for United Jewish Appeal. Even today, I'm\nchairman of collections for the southeast for the United Jewish Appeal. We've\nstayed active. I believe in it. We do the things that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=3450.0,3480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we believe in and that are\nnecessary to do. I got interested . . . shortly after I came back from the army\n. . . my brother and I, through a patient, had the opportunity to buy a building\non the corner of Peachtree and Sixth Street where we thought we would make our\noffices. We ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=3480.0,3510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"found that it would not be suitable for professional offices. It was\nrent controlled. You couldn't build. You couldn't succeed. We decided to make it\ninto a hotel from an apartment building. As a room, an apartment, became open\nwith the help of the head of a hotel developer at Georgia Tech, who I\nbefriended, and my brother befriended. We made it into ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=3510.0,3540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a 119 room hotel called\nthe Peachtree Manor. After that I became partners with a man by the name of Jay\nSarno, and we built the Atlanta Cabana Motel. We bought the Georgian Terrace. I\nbuilt the American Hotel downtown. We bought the Ponce de Leon which was right\nacross from the Georgian Terrace. Little by little we accumulated and got ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=3540.0,3570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"into\nthe hotel business, with my brother and I doing it together. Everything we did,\nwe were always partners in everything. We were very close.\n\nALPERT: Sounds like it.\n\nDR. GOLDSTEIN: They worked out. I'm still having a problem right now trying to\nsell the Georgian Terrace. I'm trying to get someone to refurbish it because\nit's a big, big job to do. It's on the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=3570.0,3600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"National Register of Historic.\n\nALPERT: Yes, that building particularly, and all this must keep you so busy.\nWhat do you do for fun?\n\nDR. GOLDSTEIN: I'm a bad golfer, but I enjoy playing badly. We take our\nvacations. I lecture all over the world, and my wife will now go along. The\nState Department . . . in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=3600.0,3630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"1964 when I had the privilege of dedicating the dental\nschool, I have a picture on the wall with President Johnson who sent a telegram\ncongratulating us for what we did. It was acclaimed all over the world because\nit was the first time that an organization such as a dental group went out to\nbuild a dental school. The State Department, through my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=3630.0,3660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"friendship of Senator\nRussell, who was our senator and head of armed services at that time, arranged\nfor me to take a group of six dental scientists with me. We lectured all over\nthe world and went on a trip completely around the world on behalf of auspices\nof the State department, making a goodwill mission of lecturing at no cost to\nthese communities. We were entertained and widely ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=3660.0,3690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"received.\n\nALPERT: That sounds fascinating. This was in . . .\n\nDR. GOLDSTEIN: That was in 1964.\n\nALPERT: Which countries did you go through?\n\nDR. GOLDSTEIN: We started and went through, going from the west around . . .\nstarting in Honolulu and going to Hong Kong, to Thailand, to Australia, and\ngoing ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=3690.0,3720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"into Greece where we were widely accepted . . . Iran, at that time, had\ntwo dental schools and our fraternity was helping those schools . . . in\nEngland, France. It culminated in our dedication of the dental school in Israel\nwhere we had a week's long ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=3720.0,3750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sort of international symposium and research. We\ndedicated the school at that time with some 3,000 dentists throughout the world\ncoming in for that dedication.\n\nALPERT: That is impressive.\n\nDR. GOLDSTEIN: I spoke both in Hebrew and in English at the dedication.\n\nALPERT: You speak Hebrew well?\n\nDR. GOLDSTEIN: If I prepare I can.\n\nALPERT: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=3750.0,3780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This trip must have taken how long?\n\nDR. GOLDSTEIN: Five weeks.\n\nALPERT: That's all? For all this going around to all these countries?\n\nDR. GOLDSTEIN: We'd spend two or three days . . . Japan I left out. Japan was\nwidely received. I received an honorary degree from Japan at Nihon University at\nwhich I still remain a visiting professor. I received visiting professorships ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=3780.0,3810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at\nseveral of the universities and still am clinical professor of orthodontics at\nMedical College of Georgia. The Medical College of Georgia has seen fit to name\ntheir treatment center the Marvin C. Goldstein Orthodontic Treatment Center for\nMedical College of Georgia.\n\nALPERT: How lovely. That's very nice. That must have been another highlight.\n\nDR. GOLDSTEIN: I endowed a chair in cranial facial disorders at the Medical\nCollege of Georgia. We endowed a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=3810.0,3840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"chair at Hebrew University in memory of my\nbrother Irving and also for clinical dental research. Both of those have been dedicated.\n\nALPERT: It seems to me that I've been hop, skipping, and jumping over your\ndental career, which is much wider than I knew. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=3840.0,3870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I get a feeling that you have\nsomehow enlarged, perhaps, the scope of dentistry or enlarged the awareness of\ndental needs.\n\nDR. GOLDSTEIN: I'm known in the literature as the father of adult orthodontic\ntreatment. The literature said adults could not be treated. I did clinical\nresearch and started treating and wrote the first paper in the literature on\nadult treatment which was a treatise published when I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=3870.0,3900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"became the first diplomate\nin Georgia of the American Board of Orthodontics. For many years I was the only\ndiplomate of their boards in Georgia. It's become, not common, but a number of\npeople are there. I was teaching at Emory at that time as well. I became the\nchairman of the editorial board of the American Journal of Orthodontics, which\nis the largest orthodontic journal in the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=3900.0,3930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"world. Some 10,000 orthodontists are\nmembers of the American Society. I've been active with them over the years and\nstill remain the consultant. I was named to the American Fund for Dental Health\nas a trustee. I'm still a trustee at that, which is the most prestigious dental\ngroup. I was one of the first in Georgia of the Jewish men to become ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=3930.0,3960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a fellow of\nthe American College of Dentists and a fellow of the International College of\nDentists, which are honorary positions.\n\nALPERT: It's hard. I'm taking it all in at once. You've lived with it over the\nyears. Your children by now, I guess, are mostly grown.\n\nDR. GOLDSTEIN: My youngest is a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=3960.0,3990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"physician. He just received a Mead Johnson\nFellowship in Family Practice. He is just finishing his residency in Family\nPractice at Medical College of Georgia and has already been named to the board\nof American Medical Association representing the residents of this country. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=3990.0,4020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He's\nbeen very active. He married a young girl in his class. Actually, she was a year\nahead of him due to the fact that he went and got his degree first. She has just\nfinished her residency in dermatology at the Medical College of Georgia. She is\nthe granddaughter of one our old time Atlanta people of the Jewish community by\nthe name of Sam E. Levy. Her ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=4020.0,4050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"grandmother is still living. She just celebrated\nher ninetieth birthday in Florida. It was a wonderful occasion. They got\ntogether because of the old time family connections.\n\nALPERT: Are any of your children dentists?\n\nDR. GOLDSTEIN: No. None of mine are. My nephew, Dr. Ronald Goldstein, my\nbrother's son, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=4050.0,4080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"his daughter is a dentist in practice with him. His oldest son is\na dentist. He is very well educated, has graduate work, and practices in his\noffice. His third son finished Emory Medical School. His fourth son is now a\nsophomore at Boston University School of Dentistry. He'll have three out of four.\n\nALPERT: And yours?\n\nDR. GOLDSTEIN: Mine went into other ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=4080.0,4110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"fields. One's a nutritionist. My daughter,\nAleta, who is a family therapist, got her master's in social work. My other son\nis a musician. My daughter, the only one living out of town, in Boston, is a\nbusiness girl. She has her own business.\n\nALPERT: Were you disappointed that none of them went into . . .?\n\nDR. GOLDSTEIN: I would have liked to have seen it, but I've always believed\nrightfully or wrongfully that children have to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=4110.0,4140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"do what they feel that they want\nto do. Even though I tried to guide them, I never insisted or never pushed that\nthat's what they had to do.\n\nALPERT: So often fathers do like their sons to come into the business with them.\n\nDR. GOLDSTEIN: I would have liked it, but what can you say? As long as they are\naltruists and they try to do what they ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=4140.0,4170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"think is right.\n\nALPERT: I would like to stop at this point, I'm getting tired. I would like to\ncontinue this at another time.\n\nALPERT: Today is the September 12, and we are continuing. Dr. Goldstein, before\nwe really get started, I haven't mentioned that your walls are covered with\nhonors and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=4170.0,4200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"degrees, so many that we can't count. You also have three or four big\nscrap books with similar material and publicity that we're not even going to\ntouch. Can you tell me which ones are perhaps most meaningful to you, besides\nyour dental degrees which are obvious.\n\nDR. GOLDSTEIN: There were certain ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=4200.0,4230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"highlights over the years. One of which was\nbeing president of the Atlanta Jewish Federation, which was challenging and\nwhich I felt very good about and positive about because of the meaningful things\nthat one is able to accomplish in that area.\n\nALPERT: Which years were you president of the Federation?\n\nDR. GOLDSTEIN: As far as years, it's been, I guess, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=4230.0,4260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"three presidents since I\nhave . . . it's been about six years ago that I was president for two years of\nthe Federation. Before then, over many years, having served as vice-president\nand other offices in the Federation, I was in the Federation active line of\nofficers and committee chairmanships for maybe as long as 15 to 20 years. That\nactivity was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=4260.0,4290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"especially rewarding. One of the other highlights was being\ninternational president of Alpha Omega Dental Fraternity. At the time we were\ndedicating the Hebrew University Hadassah School of Dental Medicine founded by\nAlpha Omega. I was chairman and president and spoke at the dedication with Prime\nMinister Levi Eshkol and also the President of Israel, Zalman Shazar. It was a\nvery exciting event, in which ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=4290.0,4320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"some 3,000 to 4,000 people from around the world\ncame for the dedication in Jerusalem. Those were two of the highlights. Another\nhighlight was with President Carter. Having the privilege of being active in\nPresident Carter's administration and being invited to the White House on a\nnumber of occasions for the peace signing dinner with President Carter and Prime\nMinister Menachem Begin, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=4320.0,4350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"getting to meet him and getting to meet President Sadat\nand Mrs. Sadat as well as all the other dignitaries during that time. They were\nall tremendously exciting events.\n\nALPERT: How did you get so involved in the Democratic Party?\n\nDR. GOLDSTEIN: I'd been involved as a Democrat for a great many of years. I had\nthe opportunity of having taken Carter when he was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=4350.0,4380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"governor of the state of\nGeorgia to the economic conference in Israel. That was his first trip there, in\nwhich he had the opportunity of meeting Prime Minister Golda Meir. I had been\nfriendly with Carter since he was a State Senator seven years before that. My\ncousin Bob Lipshutz, who was very close to President Carter and became his legal\ncounsel at the White House, was instrumental in helping ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=4380.0,4410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and seeing to it that I\nwas invited and part of Carter's administration.\n\nALPERT: That must have been a very exciting time for you.\n\nDR. GOLDSTEIN: I've been active and have been appointed as a governor's aide for\nseveral administrations over the years. I have been an extremely very close\nfriend of Senator Russell. That was done at a time when I was chairman of the\nNational Jewish Welfare Board ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=4410.0,4440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for the Armed Services for the Southeast. Through\nmy friendship with Senator Russell, who was a chairman of the Armed Services\nCommittee of the United States, it became a manner in which I was able to help a\ngreat many Jewish soldiers that had problems. We were able to get to help them\nin a great many ways.\n\nALPERT: I hardly know where to start. You've left me so many openings.\n\nDR. GOLDSTEIN: I noticed you ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=4440.0,4470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"mentioned that I had not mentioned a number of\nareas during our previous interview. You asked something concerning my start in\nour home. I was brought up in a very Jewish home.\n\nALPERT: I meant in your own home with your wife and your children.\n\nDR. GOLDSTEIN: I was going into that. With my mother and father both running an\nOrthodox home, I always felt ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=4470.0,4500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the need to be active in synagogue life. I\neventually became president of Ahavath Achim.\n\nALPERT: During the taping, the tape stopped recording as we began to talk of the\nJewishness of Dr. Goldstein's own home. We proceeded verbally for a while before\ngoing to Tape 2. Below is a summary of the verbal interview not on the tape. Dr.\nGoldstein had and continues to have a very observant home. His children were\nbrought up this way. His oldest son, Armand, is 37. He is a musician associated\nwith Six Flags Over Georgia. Aleta, age 36, has her Master's in Social Work from\nthe University of Michigan and is a social worker in private practice. Andrew,\nage 31, now divorced, is into nutrition and ecology. Ann, age 30, has her own\nbusiness in Boston, the only one out-of-town. Adam, age 29, is a physician in\nFamily Practice from the Medical College of Georgia. He is already active in his\nMedical Board. Recently, Adam married into one of the old Jewish families of\nAtlanta. Three children are married. Dr. Goldstein is disappointed in the one\ndivorce and in the one inter-marriage among his children, but he is glad all of\nthem are in constructive lines of work and are active in their community. On\nanti-Semitism, Dr. Goldstein experienced very little personal anti-Semitism,\nexcept at Emory University. He finished among the top ten students of his class\nwhich he entered at age 16 and had difficulty getting a letter of recommendation\nfor graduate work. The letter of recommendation stated, \"Although he is a Jew,\nhe is a good man.\" Later, in the 1960's, Jewish dental students at Emory were\nfailing at the rate of 60 percent, which troubled Dr. Goldstein. He worked with\nMorris Abram, the lawyer, to collect data on Jewish dental students from many\nschools. They presented the findings to the president of Emory. The Dean of the\nDental School was called in and his \"thoughtless resignation\" was immediately\naccepted. Thereafter, with a new dental dean, the failure rate of Jewish dental\nstudents was more in line with those of other dental schools. The ADL published\nthis experience and study. On black-white integration, Dr. Goldstein's father\nalways employed blacks in his businesses. Even though his father was killed by\ntwo \"black hoodlums\" in the course of a robbery, \"You can't condemn a whole race\nbecause of the activities of a few of them.\" Dr. Goldstein's practice was always\nintegrated. Those white patients who didn't want to be in the same waiting room\nand take their turn sitting in the same dental chair, went elsewhere. His dental\npractice was not really affected by this. At the Ben Massell Dental Clinic, the\nstaff as well as the patients, have been integrated since World War II. \"When\nIrving and I built the Peachtree Manor Hotel, Mayor Ivan Allen wanted us to\nintegrate it,\" which they did. The same was true with the American Hotel which\nthey developed. M.L. King Jr. stayed at that hotel. At that time there were bomb\nthreats and Ku Klux Klan activity because of the hotel integration, but no real\ndestruction of person or property was involved.\n\nALPERT: It's still September 12. I'm still interviewing Dr. Goldstein. We're\nreally just finishing up anti-Semitism in the dental . . .\n\nDR. GOLDSTEIN: . . . at Emory University.\n\nALPERT: . . . at Emory University and its aftermath. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=4500.0,4530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Is that when the Jewish\ndental fraternity started?\n\nDR. GOLDSTEIN: No. The Jewish dental fraternity started . . . we're actually\nalmost 100 years old. The Jewish dental fraternity started early in the 1900's.\nThey took on the task over the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=4530.0,4560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"many years when anti-Semitism was ripe amongst\nthe dental profession, in terms of the schools not permitting many of the Jewish\nstudents, and later in dental societies, sort of keeping the Jewish professional\nout of the line of offices. Little by little, from the time in which we had no\ndeans that were Jewish ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=4560.0,4590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the country, we have come to the time today that we\nhave many Jewish deans of dental schools throughout the United States. We were\ngoing through a time that we had very few teachers and professors, and now we\nhave professors that are Jewish in almost every dental school in the country. We\nalso . . . as far as lecturers throughout the country, we had few and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=4590.0,4620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"now we\nhave some of our most prominent lecturers throughout the country today are\nJewish. The dental fraternity had a great deal to do in creating the climate\nthat let all of this take place over the many years. As far as entrance, many of\nthe young Jewish students would not have been permitted the entrance form . . .\nwould not have been permitted to go into schools had we ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=4620.0,4650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not shown such efforts\nin the early years to create the climate and make the demands that they be\ntreated as equals.\n\nALPERT: Do you think that had any influence on Jewish people, students in the\nmedical schools? Were they having difficulties?\n\nDR. GOLDSTEIN: Yes. They were having difficulties. Our relationship was such\nwith the medical fraternity as well. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=4650.0,4680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The medical fraternity, we felt, learned a\ngreat deal from what we were doing. They worked with us on some occasions to try\nto indicate the same way to the medical schools that they had to protect the\nrights of the Jewish students in the medical schools around the country.\nCertainly, there was a time during the 1930's and early 1940's in which Jewish\nmedical students ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=4680.0,4710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were having a difficult time getting admitted and a difficult\ntime to keep from being flunked out possibly just because they were Jewish.\n\nALPERT: I was wondering if the two went hand in hand. Apparently, they did. I\nknow that the opening of the dental school in Jerusalem at the University was\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=4710.0,4740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"probably one of the big things in your life. What are some of the highlights,\ndentally speaking, besides that one?\n\nDR. GOLDSTEIN: When I went to take graduate work at the University of Michigan,\nthere were very few people taking graduate work around the country. In fact,\nwhen I came back ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=4740.0,4770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in 1939, having finished my graduate work at the University of\nMichigan, I was the only graduate trained orthodontist in the city of Atlanta.\nLater, I was the only diplomate of the American Board of Orthodontics in the\nstate of Georgia and only one or two in the entire south. I went to study with\nDr. Tweed, who brought in a whole new philosophy of treatment of orthodontics in\nthe ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=4770.0,4800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"country. This was in 1942. After the war, I went back to study with him. I\ncame back and was known as a treatment person of this new philosophy of\ntreatment that became the rage later on. I was so recognized as one of the early\npeople in a special field of orthodontics. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=4800.0,4830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I became nationally recognized as\nsuch by being a diplomate of the boards, then teaching, and then later becoming\nchairman of the editorial board of the American Journal of Orthodontics. After\nyears of serving as editor of the Southern Society of Orthodontists over the\nyears, I then served as president of the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=4830.0,4860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Georgia Society of Orthodontists,\npresident of the Fifth District Dental Society, and chairman of our big Thomas\nP. Hinman Dental Meeting. I worked in dentistry over the years in many ways. I\nbecame, for many years, the only Georgian to be a trustee of the American Fund\nfor Dental Health. I still serve on that particular board ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=4860.0,4890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as the trustee.\n\nALPERT: What fund?\n\nDR. GOLDSTEIN: The American Fund for Dental Health.\n\nALPERT: I have not heard of that. Would you explain it a little bit?\n\nDR. GOLDSTEIN: It's a large . . . the American Fund for Dental Health is the\nfund that was proposed by the American Dental Association. It's the organization\nthat we do the fund raising from the American dentists for the\nparticular·purpose in which we give ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=4890.0,4920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"scholarships and we give research grants.\nThe fund is chaired by some of the most prominent dentists in the United States\nand most of the time by past presidents of the American Dental Association. It\nis a recognized great fund for helping dentistry. For instance, many of the\nfoundations such as Kellogg Foundation give ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=4920.0,4950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"hundreds of thousands of dollars\nyearly to the project to help the underprivileged and to help minorities. There\nare a number of things that the fund does to help research grants to students in\nschools throughout the country.\n\nALPERT: It sounds as though there are so many highlights in dentistry, that it's\nhard to pick out one, or perhaps impossible, to pick out one that is ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=4950.0,4980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"more\nmeaningful or important.\n\nDR. GOLDSTEIN: Yes. I've maintained my activity in dentistry. I'm still at the\npresent time vice-chairman of the Alpha Omega Foundation. The International\nAlpha Omega Fraternity some years ago set up a foundation. From our own members\nwe received grants and donations. We now have a basic fund of a million dollars.\nWe then distribute the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=4980.0,5010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"income from that fund each year. At the same time, we now\nhave our members donating as much as $250,000 to $350,000 a year to various\ncharities mostly concerned with Israel and dental schools throughout North\nAmerica. We have chapters throughout the world and in England, Australia, and\nItaly. They have their own foundations joining up with us to help ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=5010.0,5040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the whole\ndental profession.\n\nALPERT: Goodness, this could go on forever, but we do have to move on. You've\nlived in Atlanta all your life. I haven't even asked you, have you traveled\nbeyond traveling for dental purposes?\n\nDR. GOLDSTEIN: Yes. My wife and I have traveled throughout the world. I had\nmentioned that we traveled in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=5040.0,5070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"1964 while I was international president. I took a\ngroup of, for a trip around the world, some eight or so dental scientists and we\nlectured throughout the world where we went, from all through the far west\nthrough Thailand, Greece, Iran and Israel. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=5070.0,5100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We've traveled. We've gone to Russia.\nWe were also in Leningrad and met with refuseniks there some few years ago.\nWe've traveled a great deal through the Scandinavian countries. We've gone, as I\nsaid earlier, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=5100.0,5130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to Hong Kong. We've traveled a great deal over the period of the\nyears together and have enjoyed seeing what's going on around the world. We've\ntried to contact Jewish community wherever we've gone to be active. That started\nas a result of my activity in World War II when I was visiting the camps, the\nconcentration camps, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=5130.0,5160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the location of camps throughout Europe while I was\nstill in the service.\n\nALPERT: It seems that everything that you've gotten into, you've gotten into\nvery fully and explored as much as possible. Is that your way?\n\nDR. GOLDSTEIN: That's what I usually. I try now not to be involved in\norganizations unless I have a purpose involved and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=5160.0,5190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I can actually play a part in\nit. It is necessary for everybody to try to be involved to the best of their\nability. It's what we're still trying to do in Jewish life in this country today.\n\nALPERT: Over the years, I'm sure Atlanta has grown and has had some changes. I\nwas wondering if you had any thoughts or any ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=5190.0,5220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"comments about the way it has\ngrown, Jewishly and generally both, and where you see it going in the future.\n\nDR. GOLDSTEIN: Yes. I remember back when I was a student at Emory, when I was\nasked to be the first chairman of the Youth Jewish Welfare Fund. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=5220.0,5250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They had a\ndivision for the youth, which we were at that time. I was only 16 or 17 as a\nfreshman at Emory. Since that time, we've always had a very viable, solid Jewish\ncommunity in Atlanta. We have been a community that worked together. I see it\nhas grown. At the time we had ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=5250.0,5280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"roughly three or four major congregations. At the\ntime we had . . . my father was one of the founders of the Shearith Israel\nCongregation and my grandfather, his father, had been one of the founders of\nAhavath Achim. For whatever reasons, they had different congregations. I was\nbrought up and went to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=5280.0,5310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Sunday and Hebrew school at Ahavath Achim and had my bar\nmitzvah at Shearith Israel. I was a member of a club that we called Shearith\nIsrael Juniors, SIJ Club. Here we are, we're 60 some odd years old and we meet\ntogether. We have still some 15 to 20 of us that get together ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=5310.0,5340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at least once a\nyear for an annual reunion. In fact, I was only told yesterday that one of our\nold members that lives out of town is coming back in town. We're all called\ntogether to have lunch together this week to greet him. We've stayed close\ntogether, some 20 of us, over these many years. Unfortunately, a few have passed\naway. Most of them are still living. We've been active. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=5340.0,5370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I've seen the community\ngrow in all these years into being a wonderful Jewish community throughout. Now,\nas everyone is aware, we have I guess, 15 to 20 some . . .\n\nALPERT: The group from the Juniors of Shearith Israel are still together.\n\nDR. GOLDSTEIN: Yes. I feel we're probably as ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=5370.0,5400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"well-organized and coordinated\nJewish community as there is in the country. We still have room to grow. We have\ntoo many people still that do not participate both in giving money as well as\nefforts to the total community. That is something we can live with and expect.\nIt happens to all of the communities. Generally, we have a dedicated group of\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=5400.0,5430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"individuals. I give credit to our Federation for organizing and for getting the\npeople interested as they have to be active in Jewish affairs. I, myself . . .\nmy brother Irving was the person who I was so close to and was an example to me\nand to the community. His dedication to everything connected with Jewish\nphilanthropy and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=5430.0,5460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish work was an example for me to follow over the years.\n\nALPERT: When you were starting in practice, was Federation in existence as Federation?\n\nDR. GOLDSTEIN: It was not exactly that. What happened was that we had three\norganizations. We had Atlanta Jewish Community Council, which took care of the\norganizations. We had the Jewish Welfare Fund which ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=5460.0,5490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"did the fundraising that was\nthere. We had the Jewish organization that was a type of ADL that combated\nanti-Semitism. We then, over the period of years, finally combined them together\nto form . . . that's where it got the name. First it was called the Jewish\nWelfare Federation, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=5490.0,5520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"trying to combine the various names. We finally evolved and\ngot rid of the welfare part and called it Atlanta Jewish Federation. It was the\ncombined group of all the groups together to form one major organization for\nfund raising, to do all of the various things. At that time we also had . . .\nthe Jewish Family Service was a committee of the Federation. While I was\npresident, we were able to give them ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=5520.0,5550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"autonomy and let them form a board. They\nhave done a magnificent job on their own in forming an organization that has\ndone a great credit to the Jewish community in terms of helping . . . being the\nhelping arm of the Jewish community in terms of social services.\n\nALPERT: I have heard of landsmanschaften ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=5550.0,5580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/187","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"groups. These are people who come from\nthe same shtetl, the same town in Europe, who help each other out with funds to\ntide you over if you are out of work or for a proper Jewish burial. Were there\nthose kinds of organizations in Atlanta?\n\nDR. GOLDSTEIN: In the earlier days, my father, along with several of his\nfriends, formed . . . they had the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=5580.0,5610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/188","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Free Loan Society in which a group of them\nhad given money into . . . a person to get started. In those days $50 or $100\ncould put them into a business. We, of course, don't think of it in the same\nlight. We go out and spend $50 to $100 for dinner now. In those days, I\nremember, for me to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=5610.0,5640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/189","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"go to Emory University, my father borrowed $200 on his\ninsurance policy to get my first tuition. Things were not easy in the 1930's in\nthe middle of the Great Depression. The Free Loan Society did help a great many\npeople. My father was one of those who joined with them. Although he wasn't a\nwealthy man, he always had enough left, he felt, to help somebody else. Mr.\nFreedman, who was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=5640.0,5670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/190","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ely and Jack Freedman's father, was the same way. They worked\ntogether. There are a number of the older generation and those of us who are\nsons of the old generation, much of it sort of wore off on us. We feel obligated\nto continue the work that our fathers did.\n\nALPERT: Another question that may be more personal. Your family was here. That\nis, your grandparents even were here. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=5670.0,5700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Were any of them buried in Oakland Cemetery?\n\nDR. GOLDSTEIN: No. I'm active myself with Oakland by giving. I think it's\nsomething that should be supported, but none of my own family were buried in\nOakland. My grandfathers both were buried at Greenwood Cemetery. All of my other\nmembers of the family that have passed away, were buried in Greenwood Cemetery.\n\nALPERT: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=5700.0,5730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Oakland Cemetery is really a historical event here in town.\n\nDR. GOLDSTEIN: I visited Oakland, and I support it. In fact, something came out.\nI'm a patron of the cemetery. I think it's a historical thing that should be\nhelped to preserve. We do have a prominent Jewish section in that cemetery.\nThere has been no room in that cemetery for ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=5730.0,5760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/193","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"many years for new burials, unless\nit was a family plot that had a plot. There have been no plots for sale there in\nthe last 30 or 40 years.\n\nALPERT: What do you think about the changes in the Jewish community here ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=5760.0,5790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/194","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the future?\n\nDR. GOLDSTEIN: I feel that the changes have been very progressive and very\nhelpful. I remember when we were a separate community. The German-Jewish\ncommunity was on one side, the Orthodox community was way to the other side, and\nthe Spanish community was a third separate ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=5790.0,5820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"community. The Conservatives were not\nyet an entity in the earlier days. The Orthodox community grew to be a\nConservative community. A great deal of it was Rabbi Epstein leaning towards\nagreeing to permit the Ahavath Achim ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=5820.0,5850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/196","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"congregation to become a Conservative\ncongregation in those days, which was a monumental decision because there was a\nbreak away from strict Orthodoxy. With that, I think, we began to have a more\nintegrated feeling between the Temple, which was Reform, which was mainly the\nGerman Jewish community, and with the other because at the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=5850.0,5880.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"time the Temple was\nmoving from way down in Pryor Street. Temporarily, they used the old Standard\nClub which was on the corner of . . . . about a half a block down from the\nAhavath Achim Synagogue on Washington Street. The Temple used that as a . . .\nand days when I was going to Sunday school at the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=5880.0,5910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"synagogue, the Reform group\nwas going to Sunday School at the Standard Club, which was a half a block away.\nWe all came to know each other a little bit better. One thing led to another. We\nall started dating each other. It became less segregated as we were much\nearlier. One really had very little ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=5910.0,5940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/199","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"contact with the other in much earlier\ntimes. Now we have become a certainly totally integrated community as far as all\nbranches of Judaism are concerned. There is certainly some tendency for the\nultra-Orthodox to remain somewhat isolated feeling. Certainly, they all enter\ninto the total Jewish community effort that's ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=5940.0,5970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/200","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there and try to do their part as\nwell as all the other branches of the community. I think the community,\ncertainly when I was president of the Federation, indicated that all functions\nthat had Federation association must be kashrut accepted. We did it not because\nthose of us believed totally in kashrut, but we felt that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=5970.0,6000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"every person that\nwould come to a function. If they would feel ill at ease and not be able to\ncome, then we were all. We felt that everyone should be able to come. Kashrut\nbecame accepted practice because anyone could eat kashrut, but the Orthodox\ncould not eat unless it was kashrut. They were indications and it was there. I\ndo believe that a time ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=6000.0,6030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"will certainly come where we will take on Israeli\nconcepts of holidays. I've advocated for some time myself to the Conservative\ncommunity that, for instance, in the festivals such as sukkot and certain of the\nfestivals that the Orthodox keep two days at the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=6030.0,6060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"beginning and two days at the\nend and so forth whereas Israel doesn't.\n\nALPERT: Is that what you mean by the Israel celebration?\n\nDR. GOLDSTEIN: Yes. We should sort of, since such has become the accepted\nstandard of the world Jewish community. I feel it would be helpful both to our\nchildren and to the total Jewish communities children if we all were able to get\ntogether ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=6060.0,6090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to observe our holidays in the same matter. Israel does have two days\nfor Rosh Ha-Shanah whereas the Reform uses only one day. That's something that\ncould be settled. I do feel that would be something that . . . I feel that in\nthe next number of years will be done. It's still something that we're reaching for.\n\nALPERT: That's an interesting concept to have ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=6090.0,6120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/205","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"everybody celebrate the holiday\nthe same way that Israel does.\n\nDR. GOLDSTEIN: That's right. After all, they are supposedly the mecca for the\nworld Jewish community. Rabbis and all accept what goes on as the . . .\n\nALPERT: Aren't there disputes within Israel from different religious factions\nthere about how long the festival should be ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=6120.0,6150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/206","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"celebrated?\n\nDR. GOLDSTEIN: Not really. In that, Israel accepts the Orthodox version of\nhalakha and the holidays. We may have some arguments on what is halakha\ndepending on our argument concerning the right of Reform and Conservative rabbis\nto preform marriages and to perform other rites as far as in Israel, conversions\nespecially. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=6150.0,6180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's the reason the whole question of who is a Jew came to the\nforefront. Eventually it was kept under the rug. It was settled by the question\nof the Supreme Court of Israel indicating that that was not to be the issue of\nthe way that the Knesset had tried to make it. It was not an issue for the\nKnesset. Still, the Law of Return as to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=6180.0,6210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who is a Jew should be accepted.\n\nALPERT: In other words, you see even more of a coming together or unifying of\nthe various Jewish sections here in Atlanta.\n\nDR. GOLDSTEIN: Yes, I think definitely. We have a unifying now. We're all\ntogether as far as welcoming the total Soviet immigrants ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=6210.0,6240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/209","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and to the credit of\nthe Reform movement of this country. They were early on and pious, through Mr.\nSchiff in New York and others in New York in the earlier stages of the early\nemigration from Russia, going back into the 1920's and earlier. They were the\npeople who helped considerably in trying to ease the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=6240.0,6270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"plight of the immigrants in\nthe earlier days. I think that also helped to bring the Reform movement into the\ntotal Jewish-American scene as a common part of American Jewry.\n\nALPERT: What about Atlanta? You've seen it grow, I'm sure both geographically\nand even upwards with ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=6270.0,6300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"high-rises. What do you see? Do you see any goal or\ndirection to the movement?\n\nDR. GOLDSTEIN: Atlanta is already destined to become one of the world's great\ncities. Fortunately, the full wisdom of a former mayor who was very close to me\nand a patient of my brother and me, \"Bill\" William Hartsfield . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=6300.0,6330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"his office\nwas next door to ours in the Grant Building in those days when I started\npractice with my brother. He turned Atlanta. He gave it the saying that Atlanta\nis a \"city too busy to hate.\" He started a climate both in giving . . . starting\nthe whole process of building a big airport. That's why it's now called the\nHartsfield Airport ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=6330.0,6360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/213","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in his memory. He was a leader that felt as he walked through\nthe city and as I walked with him on a number of occasions . . . he felt these\nwere his buildings. He would be very upset when he would see a pothole or would\nsee something wrong. He'd make notations and see to it that they were taken care\nof just as an owner of a small building would do. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=6360.0,6390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"With it, the die is cast. I\nthink that our present mayor has done a good job worldwide in terms of bringing\nAtlanta prominence. I think one of the great things that brought Atlanta a great\ndeal of credit was Martin Luther King, Jr., having been born here, and having\nbecome the international leader as he's done. Celebration of Dr. King's legacy\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=6390.0,6420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is celebrated throughout the world. He is considered throughout the world in the\nsame light perhaps as Gandhi and others. We get . . . Dr. King's children were\nall patients of mine and I became friendly with Daddy King. He was a patient of\nour office with my brother. I became active on the board ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=6420.0,6450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the Martin Luther\nKing Center when Mrs. King first decided to get a group together to form it. I\nstill remain as vice-chairman of the board of the Martin Luther King Center. All\nof that is total and gotten together to make Atlanta a great city. People of all\ncolors and races and persuasions feel that Atlanta is a city that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=6450.0,6480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/217","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"generally does\nnot commit discrimination. We know that there is discrimination. There's\ndiscrimination still against Jews. There's certainly discrimination against\nblacks. Little by little, I feel it's been less and less. Perhaps someday we\nwill have the utopia in which there will be no discrimination. I do believe\nAtlanta is one of the cities that keeps leading the direction.\n\nALPERT: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=6480.0,6510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/218","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's a beautiful hope and it would be a beautiful ending for our\ninterview. I cannot think of anything else that I had failed to cover. If you\nthink of something I failed to cover, please, either if you can say so now or if\nyou want to contact me in the next few days.\n\nDR. GOLDSTEIN: No, there are many anecdotes that we can all think of in the\nearlier days. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=6510.0,6540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/219","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm a father who'd spend his time . . . and business was always\nsecondary . . . that was there. His only effort was to help his fellow man.\nThose things wear off on children and family that's there. I remember Max\nLondon, who became a most successful dealer in scrap. In fact, he and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=6540.0,6570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/220","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"his\nnephew, Sidney Feldman, just sold out their business for a considerable sum.\nThey were very powerful people. I remember Max, when I was a kid and our\nbusiness on Decatur Street . . . I guess I was about 10 or 12 years old, Max\nLondon would come by driving a truck, and he would drop off ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=6570.0,6600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/221","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what we call\n\"clippings\" in our place. We would just hand him the metal. He would take it to\nhis place and weigh it and call us back and say you got $10 worth or $20 worth,\nwhatever it may be. Those were trusts that one had with each other, a feeling\nthat is not the same situation today. We knew each other up and down Decatur\nStreet, which was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=6600.0,6630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/222","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the street at that time that many of the businesses, Breman\nIron and Metal was there, Stein Metal . . . they were all up and down Dec atur\nStreet. Moscow Metal and then Rittenbaum Brothers were a block up. All of them\nworked together. We, as small kids, learned something about it during those\ndays. It was interesting how they went into those fields because ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=6630.0,6660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/223","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it was not a .\n. . it was off the centerfield. It was not a profession that you knew something\nabout. There were many anecdotes that you can know about each other. I know\nyou've already . . . the Oral History already has a complete oral history from\nmy aunt, Ida Levitas. She became the matriarch of our family until her death\nlast year. Was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=6660.0,6690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/224","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"just an unusual woman. That was my father's younger sister. Her\nyounger sister, Rose Anderson, was one of the earlier workers at the Jewish\nEducational Alliance. She worked with Ed Kahn and others and went to Florida for\nthe same profession. The family, totally, has been involved in Jewish life in\nthe city of Atlanta certainly since the turn of the century. When my grandfather\ncame to Atlanta, he came because he already ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=6690.0,6720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/transcript/22013/annotation/225","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"had a brother here who had come\nbefore him. He had nephews, Charlie Goldstein and others, who came here in the\n1890's to Atlanta. The family goes back a long period of time.\n\nALPERT: That must be a good feeling. I want to thank you so much.\n\nDR. GOLDSTEIN: Thank you for the nice interviewer.\n\nALPERT: Well, I've enjoyed it and I've learned a lot.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=6720.0,6750.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/annotation_set/409","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Marvin Goldstein [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/annotation_set/409/annotation/226","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRussian: to wreak havoc.  The term ‘pogrom’ refers to violent attacks against Jews in the Russian Empire carried out by non-Jews during the 1800’s.   The term has been applied to all violent episodes against Jews throughout the world and world history.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/annotation_set/409/annotation/227","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eShabbat (Hebrew) or Shabbos (Yiddish) is the Jewish day of rest and is observed on Saturdays.  Shabbat observance entails refraining from work activities, often with great rigor, and engaging in restful activities to honor the day. Shabbat begins at sundown on Friday night and is ushered in by lighting candles and reciting a blessing. It is closed the following evening with the recitation of the havdalah blessing.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=270.0,300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/annotation_set/409/annotation/228","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFounded in 1904, Shearith Israel began as a congregation that met in the homes of congregants until 1906 when they began using a Methodist church on Hunter Street. After World War II, Rabbi Tobias Geffen moved the congregation to University Drive, where it became the first synagogue in DeKalb County. In the 1960’s, they removed the barrier between the men’s and women’s sections in the sanctuary, and officially became affiliated with the Conservative movement in 2002.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=300.0,330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/annotation_set/409/annotation/229","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAhavath Achim was founded in 1887 in a small room on Gilmer Street. In 1920 they moved to a permanent building at the corner of Piedmont and Gilmer Street. The final service in that building was held in 1958 to make way for construction of the Downtown Connector (the concurrent section of Interstate 75 and Interstate 85 through Atlanta). The synagogue moved to its current location on Peachtree Battle Avenue in 1958.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=330.0,360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/annotation_set/409/annotation/230","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHebrew for ‘head of the year,’ i.e. New Year festival. The cycle of High Holy Days begins with Rosh Ha-Shanah.  It introduces the Ten Days of Penitence, when Jews examine their souls and take stock of their actions. On the tenth day is Yom Kippur, the Day of Atonement. The tradition is that on Rosh Ha-Shanah, G-d sits in judgment on humanity. Then the fate of every living creature is inscribed in the Book of Life or Death. These decisions may be revoked by prayer and repentance before the sealing of the books on Yom Kippur.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=1050.0,1080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/annotation_set/409/annotation/231","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Park Avenue Synagogue – Agudat Yesharim (The Association of the Righteous) - is a Conservative Jewish congregation located at 50 East 87th Street on the Upper East Side of Manhattan, New York City.  The congregation was founded in 1882 as a Reform congregation, \"Temple Gates of Hope,\" by a group of German Jews. After several mergers, the congregation took the Hebrew name \"Agudat Yesharim,\" and later petitioned the state of New York to change the official name of the congregation to \"Park Avenue Synagogue\" in 1923. In 1927, the present Moorish-style building on East 87th Street was constructed. By the 1930s, the congregation changed its affiliation from Reform Judaism to Conservative.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=1080.0,1110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/annotation_set/409/annotation/232","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAlso known as La Victoire Synagogue. Built in 1874 by the chief architect of the city of Paris, Alfred-Philibert Aldrophe, with the financial support of the Rothschild family, the synagogue provided Parisian Jews with a place of worship that reflected the community’s tremendous demographic, economic and cultural development at the end of the 19th century. It can seat over 1,800 people.  Since its inception, services have been conducted according to the Ashkenazi tradition.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=1110.0,1140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/annotation_set/409/annotation/233","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eZionism is a movement which supports a Jewish national state in the territory defined as the Land of Israel. Although Zionism existed before the nineteenth century, in the 1890’s Theodor Herzl popularized it and gave it a new urgency, as he believed that Jewish life in Europe was threatened and a State of Israel was needed.  The State of Israel was established in 1948 and Zionism today is expressed as support for the continued existence of Israel.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=1230.0,1260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/annotation_set/409/annotation/234","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAdolf Hitler (1889-1945) was a German politician who was the leader of the Nazi Party, Chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945, and Führer (“leader”) of Nazi Germany from 1934 to 1945. As dictator of Nazi Germany, he initiated World War II in Europe with the invasion of Poland in September 1939 and was a central figure of the Holocaust.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=1320.0,1350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/annotation_set/409/annotation/235","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDwight David Eisenhower (1890-1969) was the 34th President of the United States, serving from 1953 until 1961. He was a five-star general in the United States Army during World War II and served as Supreme Commander of the Allied Forces in Europe.  He was a Republican.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=1380.0,1410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/annotation_set/409/annotation/236","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWilliam Haber (1899-1989) was born in Romania and came to the United States when he was 10 years old.  He was an economist who helped Jewish refugees after World War II as an adviser to the United States Armed Forces.  For 25 years after that, he was president of the American Organization for Rehabilitation Through Training Federation.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=1380.0,1410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/annotation_set/409/annotation/237","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Great Depression (1929-39) was the deepest and longest-lasting economic downturn in the history of the Western industrialized world. In the United States, the Great Depression began soon after the stock market crash of October 1929, which sent Wall Street into a panic and wiped out millions of investors.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=1440.0,1470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/annotation_set/409/annotation/238","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Ku Klux Klan is a white supremacist, white nationalist, anti-immigration, anti-Jewish, anti-Catholic, anti-black secret society, whose methods included terrorism and murder.  It was founded in the South in the 1860’s and then died out and come back several times, most notably in the 1920’s when membership soared again, and then again in the 1960’s during the civil rights era. When the Klan was re-founded in 1915 in Georgia, the event was marked by a cross burning on Stone Mountain. In the past it members dressed up in white robes and a pointed hat designed to hide their identity and to terrify. It is still in existence.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=1590.0,1620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/annotation_set/409/annotation/239","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLeo Frank (1884-1915) was a Jewish factory superintendent in Atlanta, Georgia. In 1913, he was accused of raping and murdering one of his employees, a 13-year-old girl named Mary Phagan, whose body was found on the premises of the National Pencil Company. Frank was arrested, tried, convicted and sentenced to death for her murder. The trial was the catalyst for a great outburst of anti-Semitism led by the populist Tom Watson and the center of powerful class and political interests. Frank was sent to Milledgeville State Penitentiary to await his execution.  Governor John M. Slaton, believing there had been a miscarriage of justice, commuted Frank’s sentence to life in prison. This enraged a group of men who styled themselves the “Knights of Mary Phagan.” They drove to the prison, kidnapped Frank from his cell and drove him to Marietta, Georgia where they lynched him. Many years later, the murderer was revealed to be Jim Conley, who had lied in the trial, pinning it on Frank instead. Frank was pardoned on March 11, 1986, although they stopped short of exonerating him.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=1680.0,1710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/annotation_set/409/annotation/240","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIn a sworn statement in 1982, Alonzo Mann testified that Leo Frank did not kill Mary Phagan and asserted that she was murdered instead by Jim Conley.  In the original trial, Mr. Mann was a frightened teenage witness.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=1740.0,1770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/annotation_set/409/annotation/241","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Great Atlanta Fire of 1917 began just after noon on Monday, May 21, 1917.  It blazed all day and was finally brought under control by 10 p.m. This fire started in a warehouse at Fort and Decatur Streets and rapidly spread. It burned whole blocks of homes so quickly that people couldn't even get anything out of the buildings. Soldiers arrived to dynamite buildings to try to stop it. Fire fighters came from cities in Tennessee (Chattanooga, Knoxville, and Nashville), Jacksonville, Florida, Greenville, South Carolina, and across Georgia including Rome, Augusta, Macon, Newnan, Marietta, Griffin, Gainesville, and Savannah. The area continued to burn and smolder for a week. 300 acres had been burned, 1,938 buildings were destroyed and 10,000 people were made homeless. Property loss was $5,500,000. See Atlanta and Environs, Franklin Garrett, Volume II, page 700 to 706 for details. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=1770.0,1800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/annotation_set/409/annotation/242","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGrady Memorial Hospital, frequently referred to as ‘Grady Hospital’ or simply ‘Grady,’ was founded in 1890.  It is the public hospital for the city of Atlanta, serving a large proportion of low-income patients. Grady is the largest hospital in Georgia and has come to be considered one of premier public hospitals in the Southeast.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=2520.0,2550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/annotation_set/409/annotation/243","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe King Center (originally called the Martin Luther King, Jr., Center for Nonviolent Social Change) established several means to preserve Dr. King's legacy for both historical and educational purposes. In 1968, the Library Documentation Project began collecting the records and recollections of activists during the Civil Rights Movement.  The King Center houses the final resting place of Martin and Coretta Scott King.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=3030.0,3060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/annotation_set/409/annotation/244","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe American Civil Rights Movement encompasses social movements in the United States whose goal was to end racial segregation and discrimination against black Americans and enforce constitutional voting rights to them. The movement was characterized by major campaigns of civil resistance. Between 1955 and 1968, acts of nonviolent protest and civil disobedience produced crisis situations between activists and government authorities. Noted legislative achievements during this phase of the Civil Rights Movement were passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the Voting Rights Act of 1965, the Immigration and Nationality Services Act of 1965, and the Fair Housing Act of 1968.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=3060.0,3090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/annotation_set/409/annotation/245","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLyndon B. Johnson (1908-1973) became the 36th president of the United States following the November 1963 assassination of President John F. Kennedy (1917-1963). Johnson served as president from 1963 to 1969.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=3630.0,3660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/annotation_set/409/annotation/246","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLevi Eshkol (1895-1969) was the fourth Prime Minister of Israel from 1963 until his death from a heart attack in 1969. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=4290.0,4320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/annotation_set/409/annotation/247","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eZalman Shazar (1889-1974) was the third President of Israel from 1963 to 1973.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=4290.0,4320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/annotation_set/409/annotation/248","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJames Earl “Jimmy” Carter Jr. (1924-   ) was the 39th President of the United States from 1977 to 1981.  He was a Democrat.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=4320.0,4350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/annotation_set/409/annotation/249","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMenachem Begin (1913-1992) was an Israeli politician, founder of Likud [the Labor party] and the sixth Prime Minister of the State of Israel.  Before independence, Begin was the leader of the Zionist militant group Irgun, the Revisionist breakaway from the larger Jewish paramilitary organization Haganah. Begin was born in Russia in Brest­Litovsk.  \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=4320.0,4350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/annotation_set/409/annotation/250","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMuhammad Anwar El Sadat (1918-1981) was the third President of Egypt, serving from 15 October 1970 until his assassination by fundamentalist army officers on 6 October 1981. Sadat was awarded the Nobel Prize for Peace for his diplomatic efforts that culminated in a peace treaty with Israel in 1979. His moderate policies and relationship with the West generated considerable domestic opposition.  Sadat became the first Arab leader ever to visit the state of Israel in 1977. On November 9, 1977, Sadat had offered to travel to Israel during a speech to his parliament. Israel’s Prime Minister Menachem Begin issued an official invitation and, on November 20, 1977, Sadat addressed the Israeli Knesset. The gesture was significant for breaking an Arab policy of not dealing publicly with the Jewish state created in 1948.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=4350.0,4380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/annotation_set/409/annotation/251","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGolda Meir (1898-1978) was an Israeli teacher, politician and the fourth Prime Minister of Israel.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=4380.0,4410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/annotation_set/409/annotation/252","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRichard Brevard Russell, Jr. (1897-1971) was an American politician from Georgia. He briefly served as Governor of Georgia (1913-1933) and then served in the United States Senate for almost 40 years until his death in 1971. In 1952 he was a candidate for President of the United States. He was a Democrat. He was born in Winder, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=4410.0,4440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/annotation_set/409/annotation/253","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRefusenik was an unofficial term for individuals, typically Soviet Jews, who were denied permission to emigrate from the Soviet Union. 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In 1905, it was reorganized as the ‘Standard Club’ and moved into the former mansion of William C. Sanders near where Turner Field was located.  In the late 1920’s the club moved to Ponce de Leon Avenue in Midtown Atlanta.  Later, the club moved to what is now the Lenox Park business park and was located there until 1983. In the 1980’s, the club moved to its present location in Johns Creek in Atlanta’s northern suburbs.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=5880.0,5910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/annotation_set/409/annotation/257","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eKosher/Kashrut is the set of Jewish dietary laws. Food that may be consumed according to halakhah (Jewish law) is termed ‘kosher’ in English. Kosher refers to Jewish laws that dictate how food is prepared or served and which kinds of foods or animals can be eaten. Food that is not in accordance with Jewish law is called ‘treif.’ The word ‘kosher’ has become English vernacular, a colloquialism meaning proper, legitimate, genuine, fair, or acceptable. 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With the SCLC, King led an unsuccessful struggle against segregation in Albany, Georgia, in 1962, and organized nonviolent protests in Birmingham, Alabama, that attracted national attention following television news coverage of the brutal police response. King also helped to organize the 1963 March on Washington, where he delivered his famous \"I Have a Dream\" speech.  On October 14, 1964, King received the Nobel Peace Prize for combating racial inequality through nonviolence.  In 1965, he and the SCLC helped to organize the Selma to Montgomery marches and the following year, he took the movement north to Chicago to work on segregated housing.  King was assassinated on April 4 in Memphis, Tennessee. His death was followed by riots in many U.S. cities.  King was posthumously awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom and the Congressional Gold Medal.  Martin Luther King, Jr. Day was established as a holiday in numerous cities and states beginning in 1971, and as a United States federal holiday in 1986.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=6390.0,6420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/annotation_set/409/annotation/264","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMohandas Karamchand Gandhi (1869-1948), barrister, was the leader of the Indian independence movement in British-ruled India.  Employing nonviolent civil disobedience, Gandhi led India to independence and inspired movements for civil rights and freedom across the world.  He is known as “Father of the Nation.”  He was assassinated on January 30, 1948.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=6420.0,6450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/annotation_set/409/annotation/265","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRev. Martin Luther King Sr. (“Daddy King”) was an African American Baptist pastor, missionary, and an early figure in the Civil Rights Movement. He was the father and namesake of civil rights leader Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=6420.0,6450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/annotation_set/409/annotation/266","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCoretta Scott King (1927-2006) was an American author, civil rights leader. The widow of Martin Luther King, Jr., Coretta Scott King helped lead the Civil Rights Movement in the 1960’s. King often participated in many of her husband's exploits and goals during the battle for equality. Mrs. King played a prominent role in the years after her husband's 1968 assassination when she took on the leadership of the struggle for racial equality herself and became active in the Women's Movement and the LGBT rights movement. 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When I came back from the service in 1946, I opened my own office.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890#t=2272.0,2949.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29905/file/97890/index/47227/annotation/281","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ben Massell","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ben Massell Dental Clinic","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Dr. George Chait","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Dr. Nathan Blass","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Dr. Ted Levitas","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Grady Hospital","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Irving Goldstein","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish Educational Alliance","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish Family Services","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Morris Hirsch Dental Clinc","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Scottish Rite","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Steiner Foundation","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Thomas P. 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