{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/ms3jw8783p/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Waitzman, Mort"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["2008-07-10 (creation)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["Video"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eMorton Waitzman interviewed by Michael Weinroth and Ruth Einstein on July 10, 2008, in Atlanta, Georgia\u003c/p\u003e (general)","\u003cp\u003eMorton Waitzman was the youngest of seven children born to a Jewish family in Chicago, Illinois in 1923.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn January 1943, Morton enlisted in the Army. After training as a radio operator at Camp Crowder in Missouri, he was sent to Kidderminster, England, where he was trained to intercept German code and communicate with the French resistance. Morton was in the first wave of American soldiers to invade Normandy on D-Day. He went on to participate in the fierce battle of St. Lo and the liberation of Paris. After fighting in Luxembourg, Belgium and Holland, he crossed the Ruhr River into Germany at the end of 1944.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn March 1945, Morton helped capture the headquarters of the notorious Nazi Propaganda Minister, Joseph Goebbels, and participated in a Passover service held there. His unit went on to liberate slave labor camps in Dinslaken and Gardelegen before liberating the notorious Dora Mittelbau concentration camp. Morton was with the American soldiers who met Russian soldiers at the Elbe River. After guarding displaced persons and German prisoners of war in Bremen, Germany at the end of the war in Europe, Morton was preparing to sail to Japan when the atomic bombs were dropped.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn January 1946, Morton was discharged from the Army and returned to Chicago. He enrolled in college, where he studied ophthalmology, and eventually completed his PhD at the University of Illinois. In 1949, Morton married Aviva Shedroff. The couple had three children.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn 1962, Morton was recruited by Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia to begin an ophthalmology research program. After his retirement in 1991, he became a Professor Emeritus. Morton has also become active in sharing what he witnessed with visitors at the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e (bioghist)","\u003cp\u003eMorton introduces where he was born. He tells how he came to live in Atlanta, Georgia and met his wife. Morton explains his motivation for enlisting in the Army in 1943. He shares his perceptions of the war as a Jewish soldier. Morton describes his journey across the Atlantic to England. He outlines his communications training. Morton reflects on his experiences on D-Day and at the liberation of Paris. From France, he traces his movements across Luxembourg, Belgium, Holland, and finally Germany. Morton talks about the slave labor camps he helped liberate and capturing the headquarters of Joseph Goebbels. He recalls liberating the Dora Mittelbau concentration camp, encountering survivors, and capturing German soldiers. Morton points out the role of Werner von Braun in Dora Mittelbau’s use of slave labor to produce the V-1 and V-2 rockets. He recollects meeting Russian soldiers at the Elbe River at the end of the war in Europe. Morton discusses his preparation to fight in Japan before the war ended and he was discharged. He remembers meeting his wife and pursuing his PhD after he returned to Chicago. Morton considers why he began sharing his experiences. He talks about being bar mitzvahed in Israel at his granddaughter’s bat mitzvah. Morton shares his thoughts on his generation and their respect for Jewish traditions. The interview closes with Morton’s reflection on what he would like to be remembered for and what he hopes others will take away from his talks.\u003c/p\u003e (scope content)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source Metadata URI"]},"value":{"en":["https://archivesspace.thebreman.org/repositories/2/archival_objects/28438"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}}],"summary":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eMorton Waitzman interviewed by Michael Weinroth and Ruth Einstein on July 10, 2008, in Atlanta, Georgia\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMorton Waitzman was the youngest of seven children born to a Jewish family in Chicago, Illinois in 1923.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn January 1943, Morton enlisted in the Army. After training as a radio operator at Camp Crowder in Missouri, he was sent to Kidderminster, England, where he was trained to intercept German code and communicate with the French resistance. Morton was in the first wave of American soldiers to invade Normandy on D-Day. He went on to participate in the fierce battle of St. Lo and the liberation of Paris. After fighting in Luxembourg, Belgium and Holland, he crossed the Ruhr River into Germany at the end of 1944.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn March 1945, Morton helped capture the headquarters of the notorious Nazi Propaganda Minister, Joseph Goebbels, and participated in a Passover service held there. His unit went on to liberate slave labor camps in Dinslaken and Gardelegen before liberating the notorious Dora Mittelbau concentration camp. Morton was with the American soldiers who met Russian soldiers at the Elbe River. After guarding displaced persons and German prisoners of war in Bremen, Germany at the end of the war in Europe, Morton was preparing to sail to Japan when the atomic bombs were dropped.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn January 1946, Morton was discharged from the Army and returned to Chicago. He enrolled in college, where he studied ophthalmology, and eventually completed his PhD at the University of Illinois. In 1949, Morton married Aviva Shedroff. The couple had three children.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn 1962, Morton was recruited by Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia to begin an ophthalmology research program. After his retirement in 1991, he became a Professor Emeritus. Morton has also become active in sharing what he witnessed with visitors at the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMorton introduces where he was born. He tells how he came to live in Atlanta, Georgia and met his wife. Morton explains his motivation for enlisting in the Army in 1943. He shares his perceptions of the war as a Jewish soldier. Morton describes his journey across the Atlantic to England. He outlines his communications training. Morton reflects on his experiences on D-Day and at the liberation of Paris. From France, he traces his movements across Luxembourg, Belgium, Holland, and finally Germany. Morton talks about the slave labor camps he helped liberate and capturing the headquarters of Joseph Goebbels. He recalls liberating the Dora Mittelbau concentration camp, encountering survivors, and capturing German soldiers. Morton points out the role of Werner von Braun in Dora Mittelbau’s use of slave labor to produce the V-1 and V-2 rockets. He recollects meeting Russian soldiers at the Elbe River at the end of the war in Europe. Morton discusses his preparation to fight in Japan before the war ended and he was discharged. He remembers meeting his wife and pursuing his PhD after he returned to Chicago. Morton considers why he began sharing his experiences. He talks about being bar mitzvahed in Israel at his granddaughter’s bat mitzvah. Morton shares his thoughts on his generation and their respect for Jewish traditions. The interview closes with Morton’s reflection on what he would like to be remembered for and what he hopes others will take away from his talks.\u003c/p\u003e"]},"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/110/819/small/Mort_Waitzman.png?1619304454","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - Waitzman_Mort.mp4"]},"duration":5257.863,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/110/819/small/Mort_Waitzman.png?1619304454","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-thebreman.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/110/819/original/Waitzman_Mort.mp4?1616407048","type":"Video","format":"video/mp4","duration":5257.863,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Waitzman, Mort [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"WEINROTH: Today is Thursday, July 10, [2008]. This interview is being\nconducted under the auspices of the Esther and Herbert Taylor Oral History\nProject of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum. Mort, please tell me your\nfull name and where you were born.\n\nWAITZMAN: Morton B. Waitzman. I was born in Chicago, Illinois, 1923, the\nyoungest of seven children.\n\nWEINROTH: Nineteen twenty-three. How ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"did . . .\n\nWEINROTH: Can you please spell Waitzman?\n\nWAITZMAN: Yes. W-A-I-T-Z . . . as in 'zebra' . . . M-A-N.\n\nWEINROTH: How did you come to settle in Atlanta?\n\nWAITZMAN: It was really a job opportunity basically. I had a position in\nCleveland, Ohio as Director of Research in the eye ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"department and mutual friends\nwere aware that there was a desire here in Atlanta at Emory University to\ndevelop a research program in ophthalmology. I was invited down here to\ninterview for a possible position.\n\nWEINROTH: When did Atlanta become your home?\n\nWAITZMAN: Nineteen ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=60.0,90.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sixty-two. We bought a house in 1962 in Atlanta and we're\nliving today in the same house. By the way the year is 2008.\n\nWEINROTH: How did you meet your wife and tell us her full name?\n\nWAITZMAN: I met my dear charming wife in Miami Beach, Florida. She was a blind\ndate . . . or I was a blind ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=90.0,120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"date no matter how you'd look at it. I was a\nreturning veteran from World War II. I discussed with mutual friends that I was\nlooking for a date. I didn't want to go running around. I wanted to meet some\nnice young lady in whom I might become interested. These mutual friends\nimmediately zeroed in on the young lady who was Aviva ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=120.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Shedroff . . . S-H-E-D-R-O-F-F.\n\nWEINROTH: Shedroff.\n\nWAITZMAN: Her maiden name.\n\nWEINROTH: When did you get married?\n\nWAITZMAN: We got married June 9, 1949 . . . we were married 59 years this past month.\n\nWEINROTH: Wow. That's great. That's really great. Mort, I'm going to switch now\nto your military ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=150.0,180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"experience. I want to know as you recall what the mood of our\ncountry was as you prepared to leave for the war.\n\nWAITZMAN: I enlisted in the army in January of 1943. The mood of the country by\nthat time . . . this was a little over a year past Pearl Harbor . . . the mood\nof the country at that time was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=180.0,210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a very anxious mood . . . a very dedicated mood.\nAnxious in terms of knowing that our very security was being threatened through\nNazi Germany and Japan . . . and a strong desire to contribute to this cause. I\nhad that strong desire as did many of my friends.\n\nWEINROTH: Good. So there wasn't any talk about why we're doing this or maybe we\ndon't ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=210.0,240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"need to get involved or . . .\n\nWAITZMAN: No.\n\nWEINROTH: Like you hear now.\n\nWAITZMAN: By that time President Roosevelt had described in detail the\nconsequences of Pearl Harbor . . . so much death and destruction took place and\nthe need for our country to unite and to make clear that our common enemy was\nnot just Japan but Nazi Germany, So war was declared the next ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=240.0,270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"day as everyone\nknows. There was a tremendous desire on the part of many young people to\ncontribute to this effort and to respond to President Roosevelt's requirements.\n\nWEINROTH: Do you feel there was any difference in mood within the Jewish\ncommunity as compared to the non-Jewish community?\n\nWAITZMAN: I would say yes. By this time . . . the time ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=270.0,300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"between Pearl Harbor and\nthe time that I went into active service we had some information about what was\ngoing on in Nazi Germany in terms of concentration camps. We didn't have a lot\nof clear ideas about what was going on, but we knew that the Jews of Europe were\ncertainly being decimated in many ways. We were very ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=300.0,330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"concerned about that. Of\ncourse, in the United States there were many other things going on. The Bundist\nmovement in this country was very strong. Father [Charles] Coughlin, who\ncontributed to it. [There] was a very strong mood and there was a lot of\npro-Nazi mood in this country. A lot of antisemitic mood in this country, too.\nSo all in all I think the Jewish community was more sensitive than the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=330.0,360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"average\ncommunity group.\n\nWEINROTH: Would you say that was a widespread feeling or really very isolated?\n\nWAITZMAN: I think it was pretty widespread.\n\nWEINROTH: Really.\n\nWAITZMAN: At least my perception of it was that this was a very serious thing. I\nwanted to in some way to become involved with it and contribute to this cause.\nI'm not sure that everyone felt as strongly ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=360.0,390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as I did. I know how I felt about\nit. I knew I wanted to enlist in the army and, in fact, before being drafted . .\n. I would have been drafted anyway, it didn't matter . . . but I took full\nadvantage of what I could to become involved. I thought in terms of becoming\ninvolved in Europe because there was . . . when you went into service you had no\nidea in the world where you were going to go. So ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=390.0,420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there there was this strong sense.\n\nWEINROTH: That really was my next question, you know why you enlisted. But you\nyou really answered that. You indicated you just felt it was your responsibility\n. . .\n\nWAITZMAN: Yes, I felt that I had a very personal sense of responsibility here.\nNo question about that. I had been through high school ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=420.0,450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in Chicago by this time\nand had a pretty fair knowledge of the French language and didn't know what I\nwould do in addition to that to make myself more valuable to the military\neffort, but I was hoping that something would come up. I suspect it did in the\nprocessing they did before going into a particular military area.\n\nWEINROTH: Were there ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=450.0,480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"other Jewish young men going in the service that you knew\nthat you became friends with even maybe not from Atlanta or from your home, but\nfrom other places that you became friendly with as part of your group?\n\nWAITZMAN: At this point, I don't know that there was any kind of a joint\ncommitment between myself and other Jewish friends. I know what I wanted to do\nand I don't recall . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=480.0,510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"perhaps one or two names . . . I don't recall whether I\nknew them before going in the service or whether I met them afterwards. I can\nrecall several Jewish friends, but I think they came in after I went into the service.\n\nWEINROTH: When you went into the service you were coming in from Cleveland I'm assuming?\n\nWAITZMAN: No. Chicago, Illinois.\n\nWEINROTH: From Chicago.\n\nWAITZMAN: Right, I was from Chicago. Up until this time [I] lived in Chicago all\nof my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=510.0,540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"life.\n\nWEINROTH: When you got into the military after your process . . . you're now in\nthe military, did you as a Jewish soldier sense any level of antisemitism from\nthe other soldiers or how did . . . were you not aware of that?\n\nWAITZMAN: I have been asked this question frequently. Every time I'm asked the\nquestion I have ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=540.0,570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to . . . what really took place. I don't have any strong\nrecollections of serious anti-Semitism . . . that involved me during my time in\nservice. It's an amazing thing, but I feel that I had a good rapport in this\nregard with my comrades in service all through the time. I don't remember ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=570.0,600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"any\nbig problems with antisemitism. I'm sure some soldiers do. I do not.\n\nWEINROTH: Did you ever have thoughts of being taken as a prisoner by the Germans\nand what they might do to you as a result of being a Jewish soldier?\n\nWAITZMAN: I didn't know at this point where I was going to be going first of\nall. However, at the very early earliest stages we all had dog tags and on the\ndog tags you were either Hebrew . . . you a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=600.0,630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hebrew or you were a Catholic or you\nwere Protestant. There was no Muslim or Islam or anything else on the dog tags\nas I recall. I think early on we used to have discussions. I remember having\ndiscussions that if captured in a sensitive area like in Europe what's going to\nhappen if they see that I'm Jewish. I just kind of put that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=630.0,660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"aside and it didn't\nreally come up again . . . at a very serious level until I actually got into\nEurope into the fighting.\n\nWEINROTH: Did you . . . when did you first really know because you said some of\nthis was . . . I don't know if the word is hearsay, but when did you know\nexactly what the Nazi's were doing?\n\nWAITZMAN: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=660.0,690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's again a very difficult question. I don't remember it clearly. I\nhave a fair idea. But we used to have the military newspaper in Europe, the\nStars and Stripes. I don't think I had a clear idea of what . . . suggesting\nwhat was going on and concentration camps and so on until getting into Europe\nand through the Stars and Stripes newspaper they talked about things like ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=690.0,720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this,\nnot in great detail. I didn't know too much, but I did know that there were\npeople being put into camps and there were people being worked to death in many\nrespects. But I didn't know a lot of detail about it. We weren't trained to\nrespond to any of this in the military. It's something we came on after we were\nassigned a particular task. We were told to do something or ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=720.0,750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"go some place that\nwe found out about many of these things.\n\nWEINROTH: How soon after you enlisted, Mort, did you actually . . . were you\nshipped off to Europe? What was the time frame?\n\nWAITZMAN: Well . . .\n\nWEINROTH: Not dates but about how long?\n\nWAITZMAN: I can give a pretty accurate time on that, but there were a lot of\nthings . . . lot of input involved between the point of enlistment and when I\nwas ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=750.0,780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"shipped into Europe. I was shipped to Europe . . . actually I went in\nservice in January of 1943 and was on a boat out of New York harbor in November\nof that same year of 1943. A British ship called he [RMS] Mauretania I believe\nit was. That was a trip in hell.\n\nWEINROTH: Really?\n\nWAITZMAN: Across the ocean. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=780.0,810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We . . . a lot took place between my original\nenlistment and being shipped off to Europe, in terms of how I wound up there and\nwhy I wound up there. I can discuss some of that.\n\nWEINROTH: I'd like to hear that if you could.\n\nWAITZMAN: I was shipped [out] shortly after going into the military and it was\nthe Army. That was the first thing after I found out I would be in the Army of\nthe United ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=810.0,840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"States and I would be initially sent for training to Camp Crowder,\nMissouri. Camp Crowder, Missouri is a small camp . . . a Signal Corps camp\nactually in the Neosho, Missouri near Joplin, Missouri. That's where I was until\nNovember of that year . . . almost a full year. My training there was in Morse\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=840.0,870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"code, sending and receiving, at low speed and high speed. Putting together my\nknowledge of the Morse code and the need to be in communication in Europe was\nwith French-speaking people. I had learned French in high school and learned a\nlot of it on my own. I had an idea where I might wind up going. But when I\ncompleted my training as what ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=870.0,900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they called '777 Fixed Station Radio Operator,' I\nwas able to do combat field communications or high speed communications at a\nhigher level at headquarters. So, I was offered the opportunity to go to St.\nLouis, Missouri to an officer candidate school and to become an ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=900.0,930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"engineer. I\ndidn't see a lot of logic in that in terms of my interest. I really wanted to go\nto Europe and I wanted to get into fighting. I still didn't know where I would\nbe going so it, whatever options I was able to exercise, I said, \"I'd rather\nnot. I'd rather go into active duty, sooner rather than later.\" I wasn't\ninterested in engineering. I really expressed myself and people seldom get away\nwith that in the military at ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=930.0,960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that time. But I did and I soon found out that I\nwas in fact going to be going to Europe. The combination of my knowledge of\nFrench and my knowledge of . . . communications which became combat field\ncommunications, I had a fair idea where I would wind up going. I didn't know\nexactly when, nobody did. But I did wind up in Europe in late . . . December of\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=960.0,990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"1943 . . . wound up in England after a 14 or 17 day voyage across the ocean\ndodging submarines and zig-zagging across. The food was horrible. We had no\nplace to sleep. We slept in the stairs and on deck, anyplace where you could\nfind a space.\n\nWEINROTH: So you enlisted in 1943 January and you went to Signal Corps school\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=990.0,1020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and finished around in November of 1943. Then they shipped . . . then by\nDecember they shipped you off?\n\nWAITZMAN: Right.\n\nWEINROTH: You gave up being selected for officer's candidate school.\n\nWAITZMAN: Right.\n\nWEINROTH: How old were you at this point in 1943?\n\nWAITZMAN: I had just turned 20.\n\nWEINROTH: 20?\n\nWAITZMAN: Yes. I was born November ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=1020.0,1050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"8, 1923. I had just turned 20.\n\nWEINROTH: Great. So you were off and your first post was going to be in England?\n\nWAITZMAN: Right. I should emphasize that the training at Camp Crowder was in\ncombat communications, where I was able to be in a position to fly with an\ninfantry group or whatever group necessary in terms of the close combat that\nwould be ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=1050.0,1080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"involved. So I did have combat . . . extreme combat training there.\n\nWEINROTH: Then when you got to England what happened?\n\nWAITZMAN: In England the training continued in a place in England called\nKidderminster. We then . . . we formed signal center teams. These signal center\nteams were ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=1080.0,1110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"formed for the sole purpose of close combat support of infantry and\nprobably involving eventually the D-Day landings. I didn't know that for sure\nbut the feeling that I got and the training that we had indicated that because\nwe were . . . during that period from December of 1943 ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=1110.0,1140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"until several months into\n1944 . . . April or May of 1944 . . . in training for combat communications, for\nbeing in touch with the French underground. I was in close close voice and code\ncontact with the Forces françaises de l'interieur or the French underground . .\n. FFI [it] was called. Also I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=1140.0,1170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was sent around England a large part of my time in\nLondon to be at an intercept station for German . . . German code. So I was\nintercepting German code and communicating with the French underground in\npreparation for what was to come and what would be. We had no idea about dates.\nWEINROTH: This was still in England?\n\nWAITZMAN: In England. All this time in England.\n\nWEINROTH: This was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=1170.0,1200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"prior to May of 1944.\n\nWAITZMAN: Correct.\n\nWEINROTH: . . . or up to May of 1944?\n\nWAITZMAN: Correct.\n\nWEINROTH: Did you actually see action?\n\nWAITZMAN: That's a good question and I would like to . . . I would like to\nbacktrack ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=1200.0,1230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"here in time.\n\nWEINROTH: Sure.\n\nWAITZMAN: Actually, I'm going to backtrack and I'm going move fast forward at\nthe same time to when I was discharged from the Army. When I was discharged from\nthe Army . . . the war was over in Europe as well as Japan and I eventually got\nback to Chicago, Illinois. One of the first things that my family had told me in\nChicago at that time was that . . . did I know . . . there was no way they ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=1230.0,1260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"can\ncommunicate this to me . . . that during the fighting . . . I don't know exactly\nwhat phase of that, they were surrounded by FBI . . . my family and friends in\nChicago . . . being interviewed by the FBI because of a sensitive military\nposition that I was going to be in during the war. They didn't go into . . . my\nfamily learned of no ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=1260.0,1290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"details, there was no way they could, but I was in this\nsensitive military position and they wanted to make sure that I was a loyal\nAmerican citizen. That was the purpose for their investigation which went on for\nawhile and stopped. I didn't hear . . . I knew nothing about this until I went\nout of the Army in January of 1946.\n\nNow going back to where I left ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=1290.0,1320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"off. When . . . about the time of May . . . might\nhave been late April or early May . . . I was sent to the Midlands of England\nfor jump training because they said there was a possibility . . . they didn't\nhave to tell me because I had . . . there would be only one reason for that, for\nme to drop with . . . before the D-Day ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=1320.0,1350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"landings with the 82nd or 101st Airborne\n. . . to be in direct touch at that point with the French underground to\nfacilitate the landing operation. Into May of 1944, I was in jump training and\nthen it was suddenly aborted. I didn't know at this point . . . well, I did have\nan idea why . . . there's only one reason they would abort that training ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=1350.0,1380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was\nthat something else was going to happen. We all had an idea what that was going\nto be. We didn't know when. So I was sent back to my base near Kidderminster,\nnear the Midlands of England, to be prepared for what was soon to come. As it\napproached into June of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=1380.0,1410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"1944, I was sent to the embarkation sites along with the\ncombat units, the infantry units, and aligned with the 29th Infantry Division at\nthat time. But I was part of a single center combat team whose job was at that\npoint . . . I knew at that point what my mission was going to be. On the\nlandings I had to be in touch with ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=1410.0,1440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the French underground. I had to be in touch\nwith the naval vessels off shore to communicate with them the effect of their\npre-landing bombardments and to adjust their fire. I had to be in general touch\nwith the infantry to work to help to coordinate the landing operation in\ngeneral. So actually, the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=1440.0,1470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"landing as nearly as I can recall . . . when I came in\nwas what is referred to [as] 'H-Hour minus about 90 minutes.' D-Day actually was\nto be triggered . . . of course, the date was changed . . . but it actually\nhappened on June 6, 1944 at 6:30 in the morning. We came off of our infantry\nlanding crafts at ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=1470.0,1500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about three or four in the morning. Now mind you, we had been\nbattling high seas [all the] way and then we had to climb down the cargo nets\nfrom the mother ship onto the infantry landing craft. In doing this . . . I\noften refer to this as the most hellish part of my military experience because\nin jumping from the cargo net onto the infantry landing craft you had to time\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=1500.0,1530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"your jump. Now I was a communications person, I had a radio on my back, I had a\nrifle, hand grenades and a spool of wire in keeping with my communication needs.\nIf you don't time your leap perfectly you wind up in the water between the\nlanding craft and the mother ship. Several people were actually killed this way\n. . . many were. We got ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=1530.0,1560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"onto our ship . . . sick as a dog. We were sick already\nand I'm not a good sailor. So we're doing a lot of throwing up across the\nchannel getting to where we were. But here at 4:00 o'clock or 5:00 o'clock in\nthe morning . . . it didn't help at all when we got into the smaller ship\nbobbing up and down. The only fortunate part of our landing was it was just\nbefore ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=1560.0,1590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"6:30 [a.m.] which was the beginning of the D-Day operation. Our mission\nwas to get to the sea wall and a little bit beyond as quickly as we could, along\nwith Seabees and others who were trained to de-activate the mines coming in . .\n. we were coming in at low tide. We could see the mines and the booby traps that\nthe Germans had put up along the beaches. Omaha Beach . . . it was near Dog Red,\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=1590.0,1620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"near St. Laurent-sur-Mer. It was a hellish situation, but the people who had to\nde-activate the booby traps and the mines did their job. We had a very narrow\nchannel to get onto the beach and to get to the sea wall, which many of us did\nnot. Half of the people from the signal center ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=1620.0,1650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"teams were killed in that landing attempt.\n\nWEINROTH: By enemy fire or . . .?\n\nWAITZMAN: By enemy fire and by short fire from our own Navy. They were supposed\nto have been making a lot of holes on the beach so that we could crawl into\n[them] for security purposes, but we were supposed to go beyond that. But that\nwas one thing I had to do was adjust some of this fire. I was given orders to\ncommunicate by code with the ships, which we ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=1650.0,1680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"did and went onto the beaches from\nthere and did what we had to do and established communications with the French\nunderground at that point.\n\nWEINROTH: So this experience that you had of jumping off the net from the mother\nship onto the smaller boat . . .\n\nWAITZMAN: LCI [Landing Craft Infantry].\n\nWEINROTH: Yes. That was your first real initiation ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=1680.0,1710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"into . . .\n\nWAITZMAN: Exposure to enemy fire\n\nWEINROTH: Then of course going from that ship onto the shoreline and getting up\nand getting out of there. Were there soldiers dropping around you?\n\nWAITZMAN: They were dropping . . . from my own comrades. Of course, the main\nlandings had not started yet. They were about to start. But the German fire had\nhad already been triggered . . . their artillery and mortar fire from the\nGermans. We had many casualties from ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=1710.0,1740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that. This by the way was the first bitter\nexperience of what war does. These landings . . . what took place there and what\nwas going to take place later, not only in combat, but in the concentration camps.\n\nWEINROTH: That was going to be my next question, Mort, and that is how did you\nrespond just to that initial leaving [of] the mother ship and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=1740.0,1770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the fire that was\ngoing on around you and the loss of comrades around you? How did you handle that\nand did you get . . . were you prepared for what you were seeing and experiencing?\n\nWAITZMAN: We were told there would be casualties but being told and witnessing\nit are two different things. When the story that I for some reason remember it\nin detail was one man on the beach calling to me with ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=1770.0,1800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"his whole innards dragging\non the sand, begging for us . . . for somebody to shoot him. We didn't, except\nwith morphine.\n\nWEINROTH: You gave him morphine?\n\nWAITZMAN: We all carried morphine stylus [syrettes] and sulfa powder. We all got\nour morphine stylus in this man and there were other ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=1800.0,1830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"situations like that too.\n\nWEINROTH: So I guess at that point the will to survive in a way . . .\n\nWAITZMAN: . . . becomes strong.\n\nWEINROTH: Comes on strong and you have to shut other things out at the same\ntime. You were a liberator. Can you tell me what camp you ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=1830.0,1860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"liberated?\n\nWEINROTH: I don't know if you want me to go immediately into that or give some\npreliminary . . .\n\nWEINROTH: You can do some preliminary . . .\n\nWAITZMAN: . . . events leading to that because that's a big jump. What you're\ndescribing is a jump that goes from June of 1944 until early March of 1945. A\nlot took place during that . . . during that interim. I should ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=1860.0,1890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"say after the\nlandings on the beach, I was assigned totally to the Headquarters Company, 2nd\nBattalion of the 115th Infantry Regiment, which was part of the 29th Infantry\nDivision. I'll give you that again: Headquarters Company, 2nd Battalion, 115th\nInfantry ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=1890.0,1920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Regiment, 29th Infantry Division. I was assigned to particular unit for\npurposes of communication and maintaining the original goal of maintaining\ncommunication with the FFI as well the necessary work in combat communications\non the ground. I'll take a big jump here and go from the landings which were\nvery ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=1920.0,1950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"tough. We lost 5,000 Americans killed and wounded on the beach that day. We\nwere supposed to arrive in the fighting in St. Lo, France [by] approximately\nJune 20. We got there middle of July, about a month behind schedule because of\nthe ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=1950.0,1980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"fighting through what was called there the 'bocage,' the hedgerows in\nFrance. There it was difficult fighting. There would be Germans on the one side\nof a hedgerow, a field of dirt and an American soldier on the other side. The\njob to maintain communications that I had to do was kind of difficult in those\ncircumstances but we did what we had to do and did I think a good job of doing\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=1980.0,2010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it. I should say then I wound up in St. Lo, France which we captured and we\nliberated. We liberated St. Lo, France. In Germany we were conquerors. After\nliberating St. Lo, which was a difficult task in itself, [as] the German 88th\nArtillery was very heavily concentrated there . . . we had ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=2010.0,2040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about 8,000 or 9,000\ncasualties going into St. Lo . . . about as much as we had on the beaches. At\nthat point a decision was being made and I was . . . I responded to these\ndecisions and to the change of mission. Part of my unit went one place and I was\nassigned to be with General [Philippe] Leclerc [de Hauteclocque]. He was a\ngeneral of the French liberating army . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=2040.0,2070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"liberating Paris. So I was in Paris\nwith General LeClerc's army along with many of my comrades to help in that\nliberation . . . August 28, I believe was the date in 1944. So I was there in\nthe liberation of France. I remember the Arc de Triomphe, the Champs Elysées. I\nremember sleeping under the Arc de Triomphe . . . sleeping in the grounds ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=2070.0,2100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there\nuntil our unit got back together in early September. In early September there\nwas a very rapid movement of the American military across France, thanks to the\nsuccessful fighting of General [George] Patton and the tanks on the beaches and\nthe rapid movement of our infantry after we got past St. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=2100.0,2130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lo. This was a\nmindbogglingly fast pace of fighting. We were in France in August. We were in\nLuxembourg and Belgium and then into Holland by November [1944]. So it was\npretty rapid movement across Europe . . . the lightning strike of Patton's\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=2130.0,2160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"tanks. I wound up in Holland in November of 1944 . . . in the liberation of many\nsmall towns there. This is where the war ultimately was to become more of a\nfamily affair because when we liberated a place called Amstenrade after\nliberating ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=2160.0,2190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Maastricht in Holland. Along with the 28th Infantry Division, we got\nin close touch with French families in that town. They invited us to their homes\nfor a hot meal and they came to our foxholes. We got permission from officers to\ngo to their homes to have a hot meal and a hot shower. Well, by this time I had\ntrench [foot] twice. I had a back injury. I was in the field hospital a few\ntimes already. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=2190.0,2220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So I was no problem on accepting the invitation if it was okay,\nif it was approved, which it was. So from that time on in Amstenrade, Holland\nuntil very recently I've been in touch with the family involved . . . was in\ntouch with my infantry units in terms of reunions that we've had. When my wife,\nAviva, and I went back to Europe for ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=2220.0,2250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the . . . I'm fast forwarding now. . . for\nthe 50th Anniversary of our landings. We retraced our battlefield steps,\nincluding going to that town and taking my wife to the battlegrounds, the\nfoxholes where we were dug in prior to our launch into Germany and to the family\nthat we had liberated. After the war we continued ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=2250.0,2280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"contact, we sent packages, and\nwe maintained a communication. So I have many good recollections of that\nparticular time.\n\nWEINROTH: So are some of those family members still living?\n\nWAITZMAN: As far as I know. We've been out of touch for a few years now. I\nshould try to get back in touch.\n\nWEINROTH: Great.\n\nWAITZMAN: Now. Going back now . . . going back to your question . . .\nconcentration camps. We launched into Germany ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=2280.0,2310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in November, December 1944 and got\nas far as the Ruhr River in Germany . . . that's west of the Rhine [River] and\nwest of a town, a city called Monchengladbach [German: Mönchengladbach]. When\nwe got into Germany, there was the Battle of the Bulge and we were at the\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=2310.0,2340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"southern flank of this battle and all of our support was removed. We were dug in\nat the Ruhr River just inside Germany and told that we were . . . \"no\nretreating, we stand or die.\" This was directly from our general, Charlie\nGerhardt. So [in] one of the more difficult military operations to be told that\nthere were no artillery support, no tank support . . . it's all being sent to\nthe Battle of the Bulge to neutralize the effects of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=2340.0,2370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the German counterattacks\nthat were taking place. It took until about January, February of 1945 for the\nBattle of the Bulge to be neutralized and for us to continue our operations. We\ncrossed the Ruhr River and at that point . . . which was near Julich [German:\nJülich] ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=2370.0,2400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Germany . . . now we're conquerors. I have a picture of me in this city\nof Amstenrade that I referred to before of a young lady, 12 years old or 13, who\ntook a picture of me in my full military combat uniform, hat, cap and so on. I\nwas . . . there was shell fire there, my helmet blown off and I had a scalp\nwound and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=2400.0,2430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"wound up in a military hospital for for a short time. It was\nfortunately a scalp wound. I lost mainly my helmet and my liner and a little\npiece of my scalp, outside of that I was back in service after after several\ndays or week, I don't know which, something like that. When that fighting was\ncompleted we went on through ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=2430.0,2460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"February through parts of Germany and we captured a\ncity called Monchengladbach. This was soon to relate to my first experiences\nrelative to concentration camps and the Germans . . . the horrors of what the\nGermans had been doing. In Monchengladbach we captured a house that turned out\nto be the home of Paul Joseph Goebbels, the Propaganda Minister under ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=2460.0,2490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hitler who\nwas single-handedly responsible for millions of lives being taken. This was all\nsubsequently found out in the various camps. We didn't know this was his\nheadquarters . . . we weren't told in advance Goebbels home was here and he was\nthe Propaganda Minister. It was just a mission that we were on. So we captured\nthis city and his ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=2490.0,2520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"headquarters. Our very first experience, as I recall . . . the\nGerman horror was in that town called Dinslaken, very close to Monchengladbach.\nI'll give you the spelling on these various places. In Dinslaken, we were told\nto see what was behind the walls of that place. We blew down the walls and we\nran into something which ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=2520.0,2550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was to repeat itself later on: a couple thousand dead\nbodies lying all over. The Germans had been going into more rapid retreat and\nthey poured gasoline on people, set them on fire . . . and turned out at this\nDinslaken . . . primarily Jews were in that camp. We found this out later on. In\nfighting across ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=2550.0,2580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Germany . . . every little town and village in Germany had a\nmass grave in the center of town. The reason for that was, in part, they also\nhad forced and slave labor mini-camps in many, many cities and towns . . . which\nin the museum we show a map that shows the locations of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=2580.0,2610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"many of these places. We\nhad captured many of these little cities and towns and dug into some of these .\n. . into these common graves and nondescript bodies . . . didn't know male,\nfemale, who they were, what they were but they were bodies. The Germans\nobviously in fast retreat didn't have time to send people off to various places\nto a camp that we had been hearing about ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=2610.0,2640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and simply killed people and buried\nthem in common graves. Now about the end of this month . . . the end of March\n1945 . . . we liberated, among many other forced labor camps, a place near\nHannover, Germany, just south of\n\nBergen-Belsen, just ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=2640.0,2670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"north of Buchenwald . . . not too far north of Buchenwald .\n. . but at the Weser River and Harz Mountains [Nordhausen]. When I was telling\nthe story one time to a group here in Atlanta, one of our speakers came out the\naudience and said that I had liberated him 55 to 58 years prior to that. We've\nbeen obviously very close since that time. I was close with him at that time,\nbut didn't know or didn't recognize him, didn't know who he was, except I knew\nwhere we ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=2670.0,2700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were at that time, and he knew where we were at that time, so it became\nan obvious conclusion. Now, there was an experience here that doesn't go\ndirectly into a concentration camp, but before we liberated our first major camp\nwhere there were some live people . . . where the story blossomed into something\nfar more intense and meaningful, we actually went back to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=2700.0,2730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Monchengladbach. . .\nthis was in late March of 1945 to have a Passover service at Goebbels's home\n[Castle Rheydt]. The military had arranged for that . . . the chaplaincy . . .\nthat we were going to have a service. We have pictures of this and we were\nthere. We took many survivors who were on forced . . . on death marches . . . we\npicked many survivors from camps to [go to] that service with us.\n\nWEINROTH: How many ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=2730.0,2760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were there?\n\nWAITZMAN: I would estimate . . . I don't have a clear number . . . we're talking\nabout several dozen, because they were . . . on gurneys, wheelchairs, and some\nwere able to stumble their way in. We took them on jeeps and trucks whenever we\ncould. But they knew what we were going to be doing . . . we told them what we\nwere going to be doing, and they wanted to be there for a Passover service. So\nwe did . . . have that service. Many of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=2760.0,2790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the people whom we took there . . . who\nwere . . . had just days prior . . . were prisoners in camps, they didn't\nsurvive. They were just skin and bones when we picked them up. But we did what\nwe felt was the proper thing to do and we were given permission to do this.\nAfter this period of time and in very late March, early April I should say . . .\nApril 1 or 2 . . . we were back on ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=2790.0,2820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"line near Hannover and were ordered south at\nthat point to go to a place of 'unidentified enemy activity.' This happened with\nus frequently, to go to a place of 'unidentified enemy activity.' By this time\nwe'd been in combat for some time, we knew what that meant, in terms of efforts\n. . . in terms of casualties and so on and we knew how to respond. We got to a\nplace in Nordhausen ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=2820.0,2850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in Germany and identified after we got there as Dora\nMittelbau . . . Dora Mittelbau, which was a sub-camp of Buchenwald, just north\nof Buchenwald. We had no idea what we would find there, except when we got close\nto the camp there were machine gun sentries at the entrance on the walls at ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=2850.0,2880.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"top\nof this camp who opened fire. Well, this was common to us and we responded to\nthe opening fire . . . perhaps 40 or 50 or 60 sentries and machine gun fire, and\nwe were able to dispatch that in a big hurry. I'm not going to take lightly the\ntaking of human life, because human lives are being taken here. We took many to\nget our way into that camp, which was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=2880.0,2910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the order that we had. When we blasted our\nway into the camp we found the same thing that we saw at Dinslaken . . . near\nMonchengladbach . . . dead bodies all over. By estimation thousands. There's a\ncommon picture of this that I show during . . . when I talk here, and that we\nhave in one of our teaching books here at the Museum. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=2910.0,2940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We have to make clear that\nthose of us that were there in those circumstances have to describe one of the\nmain horrors is the intensity of the smell of all these bodies who have been\nthere for awhile. When we got into that camp after seeing this . . . there were\ncrematoria. Now do you want me to go into the details of the camp?\n\nWEINROTH: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=2940.0,2970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"How, when you entered this camp, how many were in your company? How\nmany would have seen?\n\nWAITZMAN: We were basically . . . under the command of . . . a Lieutenant or\nCaptain Al Ungerleider, a Jewish officer who led us into that camp. It was\nbasically a unit of 116th Infantry, I was 115th but they needed communications\npeople so I was with them as ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=2970.0,3000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"communications person. I was to establish what\ncommunications I had and where the main regiment was still dug in near Hannover.\nWe were a couple of hundred.\n\nWEINROTH: Oh.\n\nWAITZMAN: Couple of hundred. Then there were also the so-called 'Timberwolf\nDivision.' I believe that was the 108th Infantry ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=3000.0,3030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Division, that was also in that\narea. Between our units we went into the details of that camp. In the crematoria\nthere were about 10 or 12 . . . still stands today by the way as a museum . . .\nI haven't been back there nor do I ever intend to . . . the walls were ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=3030.0,3060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"hot, warm\nand most of the ovens . . . the middle ones, the walls were actually cold. They\nsaid, \"Open that door gingerly.\" We opened up the others and there were bodies\nand ashes and bones as we would have expected. This was our very first exposure\nto what is referred to as a \"horror of the concentration camp.\" Everything else\nwas . . . all the other things we saw were bad enough but this was an organized\ncamp, part ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=3060.0,3090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of Buchenwald. The middle oven . . . we opened the door and a German\nSS officer who had a Luger pistol in his hand and he was going to kill us. He\nknew the Americans were coming. He was going to kill who he could. We all opened\nfire . . . I have a picture of the group of us . . . who did this . . . into the\noven, with our M-1s each having eight shots and he never knew ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=3090.0,3120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what hit him. He\nnever fired a shot. After leaving that oven area, we found many barracks and\nmany . . . there were all told . . . I've got to clarify this because this was\ninformation we didn't get until weeks . . . in some cases maybe months later.\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=3120.0,3150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There were two weeks before we got there, 30,000 people . . . this is documented\nstuff . . . were put on a death march to Bergen-Belsen. Time permitting I'm\ngoing to go into some detail about this. There were left in the camp maybe\nseveral hundred live people. We liberated mainly dead ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=3150.0,3180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"bodies. We had a memorial\nservice right there in the camp. Al Ungerleider asked who was Jewish, because\nthese weren't just Jews here . . . these were Polish, Russian, political\ndissenters and so on . . . but all suffering just as ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=3180.0,3210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"badly. Twenty or 30 . . . I\nforget . . . 40 identified themselves and we conducted a Kaddish service right\nthere in the camp. They knew what it was. They still had their faith. They knew\nmany of their family had been murdered and they participated as best they could.\n\nWEINROTH: Were they going to survive this?\n\nWAITZMAN: Many did not. We killed some of them.\n\nWEINROTH: Really.\n\nWAITZMAN: We were anxious to feed ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=3210.0,3240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"them. They were obviously dying of starvation\nand they choked on the wrappings of our rations and they could not digest\nanything. At this point, my order was to check with the medical detachment near\nHannover, \"What do we do. We're totally ignorant about how to handle this.\" We\nimmediately got orders to give them sips of water and to stay away as much as\nyou ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=3240.0,3270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"can. There's typhus and there's other disease going on there.\n\nWEINROTH: I want to ask, I want to interrupt you for a moment.\n\nWAITZMAN: Sure.\n\nWEINROTH: When you came to the full reality of what you were looking at, when .\n. . you know when you processed this horror, as a Jewish soldier do you feel\nlike you responded or ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=3270.0,3300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"internalized this differently than perhaps . . .\n\nWAITZMAN: No.\n\nWEINROTH: . . . your other . . .\n\nWAITZMAN: The answer to your question is no. At that time I remember well that\nall my comrades and I wanted to shoot the son of a bitches that we found . . .\nthe German soldiers and the SS that were there. However, our officers were very\nbeautifully disciplined and did what we had to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=3300.0,3330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"do . . . did what they had to do.\n\"We're sending them into POW camps. They will be duly handled in the POW camps\nand identified in terms of where they were found and what they were doing.\"\nThere were no incidents and the prisoners that [were] revived, weak as they\nwere, they had the same feelings, but they too were kept away. So they were kept\naway, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=3330.0,3360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"isolated and we waited for our medical battalion to come in. We also\nshipped these German soldiers out as quickly as we could to POW camps, prisoners\nof war camps. There was a need to identify who they were, what they were, and\nwhere they were. What was this camp? What was going on ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=3360.0,3390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there? Now, I'm going to\ngo off into a description of something that is beyond belief in terms of this\ncamp. There is a gentleman whose name is known to many Americans today--Wernher\nvon Braun. Wernher von Braun. Thanks to him we've had a mission to the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=3390.0,3420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"moon and\nwe've done all kinds of great things in space. For thanks to Wernher von Braun .\n. . this would be the second time I would use that cuss expression I used before\nbut I won't use it . . . many lives were lost through the tortures and the\ntrials and the tribulations of what they had to do at Dora-Mittlebau.\nDora-Mittlebau is a camp that was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=3420.0,3450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"established when Peenemunde [German:\nPeenemünde] was destroyed by the Allied air forces. Peenemunde was originally\nproducing what was called the V-1 and V-2 bombs: the pilotless subsonic and\nsupersonic missiles that were ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=3450.0,3480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"being launched into Germany, into London, England\nfrom Germany and later on from places in Belgium. But when . . . but when\nPeenemunde was destroyed . . . they were looking for a place to make these bombs\nand they selected the Dora-Mittlebau area because there were natural granite\ncaves and tunnels, where the bombs could be made and where they were protected\npretty ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=3480.0,3510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"much from the Allied air power and they wouldn't be destroyed like\nPeenemunde was. But many, many V-1 and V-2 bombs were made in Dora-Mittlebau\nunder conditions of slave labor. Part of the working conditions required that\nthey. . . grind away at the granite to make certain work stations. The work that\nthey were doing required an exposure to a lot of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=3510.0,3540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"dust and toxic materials and\nthousands of people, literally . . . the estimation is tens of thousands of\npeople . . . literally choked to death from just inhaling the fumes of their\nlabors in that camp. But the V-1 and the V-2 bomb was being made. There was a\nlot of sabotage going on too. What we know now is ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=3540.0,3570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that those prisoners, they\nwould do something in their construction of a bomb that would make it so their\nfire would be aborted or that they would fire prematurely before getting to\ntheir targets. But many did land in London. Many lives were lost and much\nproperty destroyed in London [England]. The German technical production of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=3570.0,3600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this\ninvolved many German industries common today like Volkswagon, who are today not\nidentified with any of that but their technical expertise was involved. I should\nsay . . .\n\nA. WAITZMAN: Why are you looking at me?\n\nWAITZMAN: I'm looking at you because it involves a cousin of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=3600.0,3630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"yours. I referred\nbefore to 30,000 people from Dora-Mittlebau who were put on a death march to\nBergen-Belsen. Now I'm going to refer to one particular person on the death\nmarch and then I will refer to several thousand other people who were on that\ndeath march. One particular person who was liberated by American forces turned\nout to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=3630.0,3660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"be a gentleman who eventually came to the United States . . . he was\nliberated, came to United States and married a first cousin of my wife's. So we\nhad . . . I had a second very personal contact with somebody who had been in\nDora-Mittlebau. The other story . . . not so bright as that one involved a place\ncalled Gardelegen. Gardelegen was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=3660.0,3690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a large-sized barn much like what we saw in\nDinslaken too. We came on Gardelegen. It [the barn] was burning. The Nazis had\ndone the same thing they did in Dinslaken. They barred the doors and windows of\nthis place. Two thousand [people] identified subsequently as Jews burned to\ndeath. We were there. We came past ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=3690.0,3720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there at that time and were after the Germans\nin fact. They were running away as fast as they could. They knew what was\nhappening by that point. But we could do nothing for those prisoners in\nGardelegen. We literally had to watch . . . heard them scream and watch them\nburn to death in Gardelegen. What one does with an experience like this is\nexactly what I did I suppose. What one does with an experience like is, is\nexactly what I did I suppose. You bury it for 50 ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=3720.0,3750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"years. I didn't talk about any\nof this for 50 years after the war was over. Not to my wife, to my children,\nnobody. We went from Gardelegen . . . we, by this time, had been relieved by the\nmedical battalion that had come down to Dora-Mittlebau and they were taking over\nwhat, whatever they could do.\n\nEINSTEIN: Why have you started talking about it? Why have you started talking\nabout ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=3750.0,3780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it now?\n\nWEINROTH: Was it something that prompted you to begin sharing those experiences?\n\nWAITZMAN: I'm coming there. I'm coming there. When we got past Gardelegen, we\nwere ordered on east to the Elbe River, where we were to meet the [Russians] and\nterminate the fighting in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=3780.0,3810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Europe. When we met the Russians at the Elbe River the\nfighting was over. But we got to the Elbe River before the Germans did\nfortunately because by that time word had gotten to the 29th Infantry Division .\n. . I've done some careful research on this because the 50 years I referred to\nand which I'll describe in a minute . . . the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=3810.0,3840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"29th had been under orders from\nLangford and the other officers . . . high level officers . . . to take as\nprisoners of war as many of Wernher von Braun's associates as we could . . .\ntake them prisoner and bring them to our own POW camps into an isolated area\nwhere they could be easily identified. Under ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=3840.0,3870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"common agreement between American\nbrass and, believe it or not, the German brass . . . I have actual pictures of\nthis taking place on the Elbe River where we took them prisoner. In fact, at one\npoint, one of their boats had capsized. They were trying to get to east part of\nthe Elbe River, but the Russians were coming from ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=3870.0,3900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there. When they discovered\nthat was happening, many of them tried to turn back and several of their boats\nswamped in the current of the Elbe River. This was before we met the Russians\nactually. We actually were able to rescue German prisoners-of-war in the Elbe\nRiver and send them on their mission ultimately, which was to be to the United\nStates of America ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=3900.0,3930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where they were given ground to work in our space program. Now\nwe didn't know any of this but we knew . . . but what we found out later which\neveryone knows . . . what took place in our space program, especially after our\nRussian Sputnik. When the Russians finally came to the Elbe River . . . we were\ngreat buddies with them. There's a picture actually in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=3930.0,3960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Washington . . . at the\nmonument in Washington, showing us shaking hands with the Russians. They gave us\nvodka and we gave them chocolate and cigaraten [cigarettes] and we were good\nfriends with Russians. Of course, after the war we all know what happened in\nterms . . . of what took place in our relationships. When that was over . . .\nwe're talking about early ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=3960.0,3990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"May of 1945, we were sent to Bremen . . . the 29th\nInfantry including my unit, and I maintained communications for the 115th . . .\nsent to Bremen and Bremerhaven, with two missions in mind . . . actually three\nmissions. One was to protect . . . to guard the POW camps which were then\nlocated in Bremen and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=3990.0,4020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Bremerhaven and to protect the DP Camp, the displaced\npersons who had survived the various concentration and forced labor camps. There\nwere many of them in Bremen and Bremerhaven. Our third mission was to prepare\nfor a possible mission to the mainland of Japan. This was May [1945] . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=4020.0,4050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the\nwar with Japan was still going furiously until August of 1945 and the Germans .\n. . the Japanese surrendered after the atom bombs were dropped as everyone\nknows. So we were actually launching from Bremerhaven to the Sea of Japan. We\nwere an assault division and we would play a role in the assault on Japan. The\nprediction was that there would be ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=4050.0,4080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"1,000,000 Allied casualties in such a\nlanding. It never took place because, bless [President Harry] Truman, he did\ndrop the bombs. There's a lot of pros and cons about this but that's what took\nplace. That was history. When that was done . . . the answer to your questions\nbegan to evolve. I had one ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=4080.0,4110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"thing and one thing only in mind. To forget anything\nand everything that took place in my life the previous three years, and to go to\nschool. School was an intense thought of mine. When I was in Chicago I worked\nvigorously with blind groups and with blind groups . . . a high school in\nChicago was the only high school in Chicago that had all the blind ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=4110.0,4140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"students,\nthere were in special training for Braille. So I knew that my mission in life\nwas to get back to school somehow and to do something to cure all the blindness\nthere is in the world. I never did succeed in doing that but I had a good stab\nat it. So I went on with that . . . took my various positions in terms of\nresearch after getting my doctorate degree at the University of Illinois. By the\nway, prior to that I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=4140.0,4170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"met my wife on a blind date. We were married and we were at\nIllinois and after many, many years I was in touch with many of my comrades from\nWorld War II. They were going to have a big 50th reunion . . . of our 50th\nanniversary of our landings and we decided to go. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=4170.0,4200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"At that point, the websites\nwere becoming filled with stories about the Holocaust deniers. Who were you\ngoing to tell among our group who had been to the camps, the forced labor camps,\nwho had been to the camps filled with nothing but dead people and the mass\ngraves? Are you going to tell us that the Holocaust never took place? That was\nno way that was going to happen. So we went back at that 50th reunion with the\nresolve that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=4200.0,4230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I had and many of my comrades had . . . was that we had to start\ntalking about it. It took 50 years before I opened up my mouth to say anything\nabout anything, with just one exception. When I was a graduate student at\nUniversity of Illinois the professor in my major field . . . whose name I won't\nmention . . . in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=4230.0,4260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"physiology, was telling us about . . . that crazy German\ndoctor, the 'Death Doctor.'\n\nWEINROTH: [Josef] Mengele . . .\n\nWAITZMAN: Mengele who especially loved twins to do his experimental work. He\nstarted to teach us physiology that Mengele had gotten from his experiments. He\ngot about ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=4260.0,4290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"five minutes into his lecture, and I said, \"Professor so and so. I was\nthere. I saw this. I saw the fighting. I can't hear this and I won't hear it. I\ndon't want to learn from that.\" I walked out of the lecture, which a graduate\nstudent never did if you wanted to go ahead and finish graduate school. Several\nof my military comrades walked out with me. I had a call from the professor that\nnight in tears ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=4290.0,4320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and apology, \"Come back.\" He realized what he had done. \"That'll\nbe the end of it.\" I went back and I eventually got my doctorate in physiology,\nbiochemistry and was able to get a job and work in those fields that I had\nalways wanted to do. But that's the answer to your question, why now? We started\nto talk about it in various ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=4320.0,4350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ways through our infantry reunions. We talked there\nand we took jobs at various places like the Breman Museum and talked there.\nWe're talking about it and while we still have the strength and the energy the\nstory has to be told. It has to be told.\n\nWEINROTH: I want to ask you based on your experiences in the war Mort,\nparticularly what you had witnessed, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=4350.0,4380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"how did that impact on you as a Jew . . .\nspecifically as a Jew?\n\nWAITZMAN: When my granddaughter was going to be a bar mitzvah . . . she wanted\nto be a bar mitzvah in Israel. I had never been bar mitzvah . . . she wanted bat\nmitzvah. I had never been bar mitzvah. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=4380.0,4410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Why? When I was 12 years old and I was\nstudying in the cheder for my bar mitzvah . . . I had a grandmother whom I loved\ndeeply. I would come from my cheder lessons and I would recite them to her ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=4410.0,4440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and\nshe would pat me on the brow, give me hot chocolate and cookies. I was 12 years\nold. During that year she died and I went in the hospital twice with a\ntonsillectomy and then again later on with an appendectomy. The rigors of life\ncaught up with me . . . between losing my Grandma Jennie who was so near and\ndear to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=4440.0,4470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"me. Whether . . . I don't know, I don't think I blamed God. I didn't\nblame God. He shouldn't have taken her from me. I needed her. But when my\ngranddaughter wanted to go back . . . my daughters knew this story of my Grandma\nJennie . . . when I went to Israel with our family . . . Aviva and I and family\n. . . I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=4470.0,4500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"discovered that we're on Lufthansa Airlines. That's German. This is more\nthan 50 or 55 years . . . how long after the war? Adding insult to injury, I\nhadn't been in Germany . . . I wouldn't go back into Germany. I had an intense\ninability to even listen to the German language. I could speak it very ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=4500.0,4530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"well.\nMany of my colleagues had that same experience . . . couldn't do it. I found out\nthat I had to fly on Lufthansa and land in Frankfurt. It was a bitter pill for\nme to swallow to wind up back in Germany. But I had to get to my granddaughter's\nbat mitzvah. What I did know was that I had prepared the Torah portion for all\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=4530.0,4560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"four of my grandchildren . . . for the bar and bat mitzvahs. So I had prepared\nit then for my granddaughter who was going to have it in Israel. We went to the\nKotel during part of that ceremony, and my two daughters, bless them, had\narranged with the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=4560.0,4590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"rabbi for me to be bar mitzvah at the Kotel. I am 75? 75 years old?\n\nA. WAITZMAN: Seventh-three.\n\nWAITZMAN: Seventy-three, whatever . . . how could they do this to me? But they\ndid. The rabbi came up to me as we were reciting with my granddaughter and says,\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=4590.0,4620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"Mort, you're going to be a bar mitzvah.\"\n\nWEINROTH: That's great, Mort.\n\nWAITZMAN: But I went back to . . . when it was all over, and we went back to\nAtlanta . . . I had to get one thing settled in my mind. I went back to the\nrabbi and said, \"Rabbi, was my Grandma Jennie there with ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=4620.0,4650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"me at the Kotel?\n[Western Wall]?\" He said, \"Yes, absolutely.\"\n\nWEINROTH: That's great.\n\nWAITZMAN: You people are killing me.\n\nWEINROTH: Well, I don't know that you often share this so it's great for us to\nhear this, honestly. It'll be great for your family to hear this.\n\nA. WAITZMAN: Can I ask something?\n\nWEINROTH: Sure.\n\nA. WAITZMAN: There's one thing that has come up and I think it's relevant. Three\nof his brothers were in the military ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=4650.0,4680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"during World War II. But not in . . . they\ndid not see combat in Europe.\n\nWEINROTH: Mort, I want to ask you how you feel about your generation's\ncontribution to our world.\n\nWAITZMAN: My generation or my Jewish generation?\n\nWEINROTH: Your generation.\n\nWAITZMAN: If I can ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=4680.0,4710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"feel that they have some awareness of history . . . of what's\ntaken place then I will feel more secure about what will take place. I feel that\nin general that they're doing a great job. I always want improvement but they're\ndoing a great job. Particularly . . . not in my generation, but the generation\nthat followed ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=4710.0,4740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"me. I have great sons-in-law.\n\nA. WAITZMAN: But they're talking about your generation.\n\nWAITZMAN: My generation?\n\nA. WAITZMAN: The 'greatest generation.'\n\nWAITZMAN: Um hm [yes]. The 'greatest generation.'\n\nWAITZMAN: We did a great job. We're doing a great job. We're also dying out like\nmad . . . 4,500 a month. I was not . . . my infantry unit . . . the 29th\nInfantry Division is having a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=4740.0,4770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"reunion in Ocean City, Maryland, but of all darn\nthings I can't go. This speaks to my generation. Why? Because the schedulers\nscheduled it to start on Yom Kippur. So I already . . . we already made plane\nreservations. We were going to go but I let them know that we can't ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=4770.0,4800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"go . . . and\nit was changed. I got word that the date was changed and I got word to one of\nthe schedulers for the 29th Infantry. I said, \"Great. We're going to be coming.\"\nThey said, \"Mort, we couldn't change the contract. It's going to have to be on\nthat original date.\" I said, \"Well, that makes a difference. We're going to\ncancel our plans. We can't . . . I won't go on Yom Kippur.\" I refer to this\nbecause they're my generation. The gentleman . . . with whom I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=4800.0,4830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"spoke . . . he's\nnot Jewish. But he's one of the very active members of the group that I'm very\nclose with and Aviva knows very well . . . very nice guy, and he was very\nsympathetic with the fact . . . he's not going to be that aware of the Jewish\ncalendar, but somebody somewhere should . . . but somebody always was. Because\nmy friend Al Ungeleider, who was our commanding officer going into\nDora-Mittlebau is still alive today . . .\n\nWEINROTH: Wow.\n\nWAITZMAN: . . . but he's in a nursing home with ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=4830.0,4860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Alzheimer's.\n\nA. WAITZMAN: He became a general . . .\n\nWAITZMAN: He became a general. He stayed in the military all of his life . . .\nbecame a general. But he was a planning officer for the division. There's no way\nwhen he was planning functions that they were going to have it on Yom Kippur.\nTwo years ago Al was already getting ill from Alzheimer's. We had another\ngentleman who was not . . . Boyd Cook who became a general . . . not Jewish, and\nthey were scheduling the next ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=4860.0,4890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"meeting of the reunion it would be and then he\nreferred to a date and I told him right away at that time . . . General Boyd\nCook. I said, \"Boyd, that's the Rosh Ha-Shanah holiday.\" I said, \"We can't.\" He\nsaid, \"Oh.\" He immediately got his group together. They changed it on the spot.\n\nWEINROTH: Right.\n\nWAITZMAN: He died of a heart attack a few months ago. So then, of course, I was\nthe one who made it clear to Boyd that they had to change ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=4890.0,4920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that. Al Ungeleider,\nwho was already sick, would not have allowed that to happen. So these were my\ngeneration. Jew and non-Jew alike.\n\nA. WAITZMAN: But it finally came to their attention from Hal Baumgarten, who is\nthe 29th surgeon . . . they call him the 'Surgeon.' He has a lot of . . . he's\nbeen a very common speaker. He landed on D-Day and was so badly injured that\nthat was his only day in the war.\n\nWAITZMAN: Hal ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=4920.0,4950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Baumgartner . . .\n\nA. WAITZMAN: . . . but he went on to become a doctor and . . .\n\nWAITZMAN: Hal Baumgarten called . . . he's the one who let them know last week\nin fact . . . just last week that it was Yom Kippur and they already could not\nchange their contract. But this guy with whom I spoke, when I found out when it\nwas going to be, he was so apologetic in tears over the phone.\n\nWEINROTH: I'm sure.\n\nWAITZMAN: Yeah, our generation . . . there are a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=4950.0,4980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"few examples, but they're very\npotent examples.\n\nWEINROTH: Yes, I think you're right.\n\nWAITZMAN: There are many, many more like that.\n\nWEINROTH: How do you . . . this is a hard question, Mort, but how, how do you\nwant to be remembered and what would you want your legacy to be?\n\nWAITZMAN: I want to be remembered as a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=4980.0,5010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"contributor to the field of research that\nI have been interested in for so long that always meant so much to me . . .\ntherefore, medical research. From my days in high school where I became totally\ndedicated to something for which I had strong goals and motivation. When the\nmilitary experience was over and all these horrors were over, I knew I had\nsomething I can ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=5010.0,5040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"do. I want to be remembered in terms of the love that I've had\nfor my family and my in-laws family . . . what I meant to them. Being in Israel\nat the time of the combined bar and bat mitzvah under strange circumstances . .\n. those beautiful circumstances . . . and the son-in-law involved ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=5040.0,5070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there. He had\na 50th birthday last week . . . he sent us an email talking about the love and\nthe devotion and the dedication that he felt in us. Let that kind of a family\nand love thing be perpetuated and spread ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=5070.0,5100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about.\n\nWEINROTH: I think that pretty much covers what I wanted to ask. Do you have . .\n. ?\n\nEINSTEIN: I have a question.\n\nWAITZMAN: Sure.\n\nEINSTEIN: Mort, you spend so much of your time here at the Museum speaking to\nschool groups and other groups, could you . . . if you can . . . kind of\nencapsulate what message you try to bring across in speaking to them about your\nexperiences? What do you want them to come ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=5100.0,5130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"away with from your talks with them?\n\nWAITZMAN: I think . . . that what so many of us here speak about and that is . .\n. teach them to love their fellow man. If you feel that a wrong is being done\ndon't be ashamed to right that wrong. I was . . . nothing that you do is ever\ntoo small to be doing. One experience that I had here at the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=5130.0,5160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Museum and I told a\ngroup this story. There was a group of older people going through the Museum one\ntime and a gentleman from that group was wandering around . . . around the\nMuseum. He wanted the wash room and I steered him to where that was. He left\nthere and he wandered around. I just asked the gentleman, \"Can I help ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=5160.0,5190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you.\" He\nsaid, \"I can't find my group.\" So I realized that this was a gentleman who had\ntroubles and problems. I told this to a group that I was talking to on that same\nday and almost at that same time, I said, \"I didn't have to bother myself to\nsteer that man to a restroom or I got up from what I was doing and took him to\nthe back where I knew where his group was actually. I knew what they were here\nfor or where they would be. I took him back there. So he found ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=5190.0,5220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"them. It was a\nbig reunion for him because he felt lost and confused. He was very lost and\nconfused. I said, \"It was not that big of a deal that I did. But it was a very,\nvery big deal to that gentleman. The fact that human kindness can rub off in\nsuch an intense way. Try it. You might like it.\"\n\nWEINROTH: That's great. Thank you very much. We appreciate your time. I know\nthat ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=5220.0,5250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/transcript/24644/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it's not always easy to share these things. We appreciate it.\n\nWAITZMAN: Thank you so very much.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=5250.0,5280.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/annotation_set/450","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Annotations [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/annotation_set/450/annotation/177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOn December 7, 1941 the Japanese surprised the United States by attacking the United States’ fleet in Honolulu, Hawaii. The ships were all docked in Pearl Harbor. The surprise attack on Pearl Harbor was the beginning of World War II for the United States, which until that time had remained neutral.  A few days later, Germany declared war on the United States as well and we began fighting in the Pacific and Europe.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=180.0,210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/annotation_set/450/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe German American Bund was an American Nazi organization established in the 1930’s.  It main goal was to promote a favorable view of Nazi Germany.  It was strongest before the war began in 1939 and dwindled during the war when ‘favorable’ views of Nazi Germany were less popular.  In its heyday they held large rallies and operated training camps.  The Bund was highly antisemitic.  Its leader, Fritz Julius Kuhn, a German immigrant, was later convinced of embezzlement and tax evasion and sent to prison.  In 1945 he was released and deported to Germany, where he died in 1951.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=330.0,360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/annotation_set/450/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCoughlin was a controversial Roman Catholic priest in Royal Oak, Michigan.  He used radio to reach a mass audience in the 1930’s.  Early on he was a support of Franklin D. Roosevelt and the early New Deal but later became a harsh critic of Roosevelt and his “Jew Deal.”  He formed a political party called “Nation’s Union of Social Justice,” whose platform called for monetary reform, the nationalization of major industries and the protection of labor.  The slogan was “Social Justice.” He grew increasing antisemitic.  The Church took no action against him.  Eventually his radio program was shut down and his paper, Social Justice, was closed down.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=330.0,360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/annotation_set/450/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe invasion was originally scheduled for June 5 but the weather was too bad to go.  Even the next day the sea in the Channel was in a very rough state.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=1470.0,1500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/annotation_set/450/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Seabees were construction battalions in the United States Navy.  The name comes from the initials of ‘Construction Battalion’ (C-B).  They went in with the invasion forces and built bases, roads and airstrips among many other jobs.  They often did this under enemy fire.  More than 325,000 men served in the Seabees, fighting on six continents in the Pacific.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=1590.0,1620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/annotation_set/450/annotation/182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThese syrettes were like a syringe, except they had a pre-filled tube of morphine attached.  After breaking the seal the morphine could be injected by needle by pressing the morphine out of the tube.  All soldiers carried them in case they were wounded.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=1800.0,1830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/annotation_set/450/annotation/183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Germans formally surrendered Paris on August 25, 1944.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=2070.0,2100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/annotation_set/450/annotation/184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA medical condition caused by prolonged exposure of the feet to damp and cold.  Your feet get numb and turn blue and can begin to decay.  Infections, blisters and open sores also occur.  If left untreated it can result in gangrene and can lead to amputation of the foot.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=2190.0,2220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/annotation_set/450/annotation/185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe family’s name was Rei and Zus Jacobs.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=2220.0,2250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/annotation_set/450/annotation/186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eActually the 104th Infantry Division.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=3000.0,3030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/annotation_set/450/annotation/187","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eVon Braun was a German rocket scientist and aerospace engineer and was one of the leading figures in the development of rocket technology in Nazi Germany during World War II and in the United States after the war.  He was a member of the Nazi party and the SS and a decorated war hero.  He was responsible for the design and realization of the deadly V-2 rocket during World War II.  After the war, he and several members of his team were taken to the U.S. where he worked in the ballistic missile program here and later for NASA.  He was the chief architect of the Saturn V launch vehicle that sent the Apollo spacecraft to the Moon.  He died in 1977.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=3390.0,3420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/annotation_set/450/annotation/188","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe first artificial satellite to be put into Earth’s orbit.  It was launched by the Soviet Union on 4 October 1957.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=3930.0,3960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/annotation_set/450/annotation/189","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCaptain, later General, Ungeleider died in 2011.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=4830.0,4860.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/index/47797","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Waitzman, Mort [Index]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/index/47797/annotation/190","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Early military experience","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=175.0,1132.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/index/47797/annotation/191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Mort, I'm going to switch now to your military experience. I want to know as you recall what the mood of our country was as you prepared to leave for the war.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=175.0,1132.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/index/47797/annotation/192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"enlistment","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish experience","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Pearl Harbor","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"training","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"World War II","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=175.0,1132.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/index/47797/annotation/193","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"D-Day","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=1132.0,1962.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/index/47797/annotation/194","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I didn't know that for sure but the feeling that I got and the training that we had indicated that because we were . . . during that period from December of 1943 until several months into 1944 . . . April or May of 1944 . . . in training for combat communications, for being in touch with the French underground.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=1132.0,1962.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/index/47797/annotation/195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"beach landing","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"D-Day","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"enemy fire","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"French underground","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Omaha 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Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=1962.0,2304.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/index/47797/annotation/198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"combat","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"France","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Holland","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"liberation","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=1962.0,2304.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/index/47797/annotation/199","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Germany and concentration camps","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=2304.0,2853.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/index/47797/annotation/200","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We launched into Germany in November, December 1944 and got as far as the Ruhr River in Germany","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=2304.0,2853.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/index/47797/annotation/201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"concentration 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was a sub-camp of Buchenwald, just north of Buchenwald.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=2853.0,4107.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/index/47797/annotation/204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Buchenwald","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"combat","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"concentration camps","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Dora 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To forget anything and everything that took place in my life the previous three years, and to go to school. ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=4107.0,4387.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/index/47797/annotation/207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"memory","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Mengele","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"school","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=4107.0,4387.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/index/47797/annotation/208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Bar mitzvah","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=4387.0,4688.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/index/47797/annotation/209","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":" I had never been bar mitzvah.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=4387.0,4688.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/index/47797/annotation/210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"bar mitzvah","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"granddaughter","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"grandmother","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Israel","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=4387.0,4688.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/index/47797/annotation/211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Impact of war continued","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=4688.0,5257.863"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/index/47797/annotation/212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Mort, I want to ask you how you feel about your generation's contribution to our world.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=4688.0,5257.863"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819/index/47797/annotation/213","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"comrades","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Greatest generation","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"reunions","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"World War II","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39425/file/110819#t=4688.0,5257.863"}]}]}]}