{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/mk6542jz7z/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Cohen, Judith Mesirow"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["2006-05-08 (creation)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["Video"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source"]},"value":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum","Esther and Herbert Taylor Oral History Collection","Elliott and Judith Cohen Oral History Collection","Jewish Oral History Project of Atlanta"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eJudith Mesirow Cohen was interviewed by Sandra Berman in 2006 in Altanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e (general)","\u003cp\u003eJudith Mesirow Cohen was born in January 1940 in Chicago, Illinois. She attended the University of Illinois at Champaign-Urbana for three years before she was diagnosed with and underwent surgery for cancer. Soon after, Judith met her husband, Elliott Cohen, and the two were married in 1960. Judith and Elliott had two children, Jill and Jeffrey Cohen.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn 1972, the Cohen family moved to Atlanta, Georgia where they led a very prosperous life. Judith soon got involved in both the Atlanta Jewish community and the global Jewish community. Her introduction to Jewish Family Services and the Jewish Federation of Greater Atlanta came when she was an empty nester and looking to get more involved in the community. She first became very active working as an executive volunteer with JF\u0026amp;CS during the resettlement of Soviet Jewry in the late 1980s. Judith also served as director of several Jewish nonprofit boards and held leadership positions with the Atlanta Jewish Federation Women’s Division and the Jewish Family \u0026amp; Career Services (JF\u0026amp;CS). She represented Jewish Family Services in its merger with Jewish Vocational Services and served as the first President of the new Jewish Family \u0026amp; Career Services.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eJudith and Elliott were both very passionate about helping Jewish people who were trapped in countries that persecuted them for their religion. They became very involved in the plight of Soviet Jewry and traveled to the former Soviet Union to meet with and help refuseniks, the Jews who were not allowed to emigrate from the Soviet Union.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eWhen the Soviet Jews were finally allowed to leave the Soviet Union, Judith became the face of their resettlement in Atlanta. She worked to develop a program that matched Atlanta families with adoptive Russian families who were immigrating to Atlanta. Once the resettlement efforts were stabilized in Atlanta, Judith spent two months in Ladispoli, Italy teaching English to Russian Jews who had been able to leave the former Soviet Union but had not yet received admission to the United States or Israel.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eLike her professional life, Judith’s life after retirement was deeply rooted in the Jewish community and with Soviet Jewry.  She was on the board of several Jewish organizations including the Epstein School, the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum, the American Jewish Committee (AJC), the Jewish Federation, and JF\u0026amp;CS. She also chaired the Operation Exodus campaign.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eElliott and Judith Cohen passed away from COVID-19 on July 29, 2020. They are survived by their daughter Jill, their daughter-in-law Susan Sikora Cohen, and their three grandchildren, Jordan, Dionysus, and Ashley Cohen.\u003c/p\u003e (bioghist)","\u003cp\u003eThe interview begins with Judith discussing her childhood, education, marrying her husband and starting a family together. She talks about her involvement with Jewish life and the Jewish community in Chicago during her childhood and how she knew she had to marry a Jewish man and have children right away.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eJudith reflects on why she and Elliott decided to move to away from Chicago and how they decided Atlanta would be their new home. She discusses how everything went right during their move and how they came to live in their home in Sandy Springs. Judith reminisces how she had to really work at being Jewish in her new neighborhood and how they joined different synagogues in the area. She also recalls how Atlanta has changed over the years.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eJudith goes on to discuss her affiliations in Atlanta and how she came to be involved with the Jewish Federation of Greater Atlanta. She mentions which people were active in the Federation in the 1970’s and talks about her time with the Women’s Division. She also reflects on the first projects she got excited about with the Federations and how she saw the world through Federation missions.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe interview moves on to discuss Judith’s involvement with Soviet Jewry and the former Soviet Union. Judith recounts how she first got involved with the project and discusses her first trip to the Soviet Union. She details her experience meeting refusenik families and her continuing relationships with them. She goes on to describe the immigration process the refuseniks went through and their stay in cities like Vienna and Ladispoli while awaiting permission to immigrate to the United States or Israel. Judith discusses the varying degrees of freedom Soviet Jews had depending on what city they lived in and what occupations they typically held.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThen Judith details how it was decided how many and which Soviet Jews would come to Atlanta and how the Jewish community really provided for these families during their resettlement. She describes what it was watching these families land in Atlanta and how they were paired with their adoptive families. Judith also discusses the different agencies involved in the resettlement process of the Soviet Jews. She mentions how the Federation, JF\u0026amp;CS, ORT, the synagogues, the community center, and Jewish professionals all came together to help the immigrating families learn English, gain memberships, get jobs, and really join the Atlanta Jewish community. Judith reflects on how these families have progressed since coming to Atlanta and how she stayed in contact with her adoptive Russian family. Judith reminisces about a family, who later became her friends, their seemingly Western ways and how they reacted when they first came to the United States.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eJudith recounts her “best spy story” from one of her trips to the Soviet Union and how they managed to get sensitive information back to the United States. She also goes on to talk about her involvement in other project within the Atlanta Jewish Community. She discusses her work with the Women’s Division and her resettlement work with the Federation and Jewish Family Services. She recalls her time teaching English to refuseniks in Ladispoli and how she got an inside view of the immigration process.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eJudith moves from her professional life to discussing her life as she’s trying to retire. She also talks about her children and their professions.  The interview shifts from her personal life to more discussion on resettlement and the resettlement committee Judith was a part of. She explains how they tried to get the Russian Jewish children enrolled in Jewish day schools and how they had to come up with enough money to send the children for two years.  She talks about the requirements of Jewish parents for their children to be enrolled in these day schools and about the other people on the resettlement committee.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe interview comes to a close as Judith discusses her other areas of interest and involvement in the Atlanta Jewish community. Judith reflects how all her interests and involvements revolve around Soviet Jewry. She also mentions the different awards she’s been given over the years and her involvement on executive boards for various Jewish organizations in Atlanta.\u003c/p\u003e (scope content)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source Metadata URI"]},"value":{"en":["https://archivesspace.thebreman.org/repositories/2/archival_objects/28506"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject"]},"value":{"en":["Judith Mesirow Cohen (personal name)","Elliott Cohen (personal name)","Jill Cohen (personal name)","Jeffrey Cohen (personal name)","Shirley Birkowitz Brickman (personal name)","Dr. Stanley Perry Brickman (personal name)","Miriam \"Mickie\" Greenberg Eisenberg Krinsky (personal name)","Max C. \"Mike\" Gettinger (personal name)","David I. Sarnat (personal name)","Clara Lazar Feldman (personal name)","Marilyn Hockstein Shubin (personal name)","Margaret Patricia Strauss Weiller (personal name)","Dr. Stephen Saul Kutner (personal name)","Jeanney Kutner (personal name)","Peter Arnett (personal name)","Leonid Kriksonov (personal name)","Gerald \"Jerry\" David Horowitz (personal name)","Billie Fineman (personal name)","Viktoria Tsimberov (personal name)","Jewish Federation of Metropolitan Chicago (corporate name)","Jewish United Fund of Metropolitan Chicago (corporate name)","Jewish Federation of Greater Atlanta (corporate name)","Jewish Agency for Israel (corporate name)","United Jewish Appeal (UJA) (corporate name)","Atlanta Jewish Community Center (corporate name)","Marcus Jewish Community Center of Atlanta (MJCCA) (corporate name)","ORT (corporate name)","Chabad (corporate name)","American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee (The Joint, JDC) (corporate name)","Jewish Family \u0026amp; Career Services (JF\u0026amp;CS) (corporate name)","William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum (corporate name)","Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society (HIAS) (corporate name)","American Jewish Committee (AJC) (corporate name)","Union of Councils for the Jews in the Former Soviet Union (UCSJ) (corporate name)","National Coalition Supporting Eurasian Jewry (NCSEJ) (corporate name)","National Conference Supporting Soviet Jewry (NCSJ) (corporate name)","United States Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) (corporate name)","Epstein School (corporate name)","University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (corporate name)","Cornell University (corporate name)","Congregation Or Hadash (corporate name)","Temple Sinai (corporate name)","The Temple (corporate name)","Chicago, Illinois (geographic term)","Atlanta, Georgia (geographic term)","Sandy Springs, Georgia (geographic term)","Prague, Czech Republic (geographic term)","Leningrad, Soviet Union (geographic term)","Moscow, Russia (geographic term)","Saint Petersburg, Russia (geographic term)","Vienna, Austria (geographic term)","Ladispoli, Italy (geographic term)","Santa Marinella, Italy (geographic term)","Kiev, Ukraine (geographic term)","Tashkent, Ukraine (geographic term)","Israel (geographic term)","Poland (geographic term)","Soviet Union (geographic term)","United States of America (geographic term)","Reform Judaism (topical term)","Conservative Judaism (topical term)","Bar Mitzvah (topical term)","Bat Mitzvah (topical term)","Passover (topical term)","Rosh Hashanah (topical term)","Yom Kippur (topical term)","Soviet Jewry (topical term)","Refusenik (topical term)","Russian Immigration (topical term)","Resettlement (topical term)","Jewish Day School (topical term)","Operation Exodus (topical term)","Mary and Max London People Power Award (topical term)"]}}],"summary":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eJudith Mesirow Cohen was interviewed by Sandra Berman in 2006 in Altanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJudith Mesirow Cohen was born in January 1940 in Chicago, Illinois. She attended the University of Illinois at Champaign-Urbana for three years before she was diagnosed with and underwent surgery for cancer. Soon after, Judith met her husband, Elliott Cohen, and the two were married in 1960. Judith and Elliott had two children, Jill and Jeffrey Cohen.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn 1972, the Cohen family moved to Atlanta, Georgia where they led a very prosperous life. Judith soon got involved in both the Atlanta Jewish community and the global Jewish community. Her introduction to Jewish Family Services and the Jewish Federation of Greater Atlanta came when she was an empty nester and looking to get more involved in the community. She first became very active working as an executive volunteer with JF\u0026amp;CS during the resettlement of Soviet Jewry in the late 1980s. Judith also served as director of several Jewish nonprofit boards and held leadership positions with the Atlanta Jewish Federation Women’s Division and the Jewish Family \u0026amp; Career Services (JF\u0026amp;CS). She represented Jewish Family Services in its merger with Jewish Vocational Services and served as the first President of the new Jewish Family \u0026amp; Career Services.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eJudith and Elliott were both very passionate about helping Jewish people who were trapped in countries that persecuted them for their religion. They became very involved in the plight of Soviet Jewry and traveled to the former Soviet Union to meet with and help refuseniks, the Jews who were not allowed to emigrate from the Soviet Union.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eWhen the Soviet Jews were finally allowed to leave the Soviet Union, Judith became the face of their resettlement in Atlanta. She worked to develop a program that matched Atlanta families with adoptive Russian families who were immigrating to Atlanta. Once the resettlement efforts were stabilized in Atlanta, Judith spent two months in Ladispoli, Italy teaching English to Russian Jews who had been able to leave the former Soviet Union but had not yet received admission to the United States or Israel.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eLike her professional life, Judith’s life after retirement was deeply rooted in the Jewish community and with Soviet Jewry.  She was on the board of several Jewish organizations including the Epstein School, the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum, the American Jewish Committee (AJC), the Jewish Federation, and JF\u0026amp;CS. She also chaired the Operation Exodus campaign.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eElliott and Judith Cohen passed away from COVID-19 on July 29, 2020. They are survived by their daughter Jill, their daughter-in-law Susan Sikora Cohen, and their three grandchildren, Jordan, Dionysus, and Ashley Cohen.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe interview begins with Judith discussing her childhood, education, marrying her husband and starting a family together. She talks about her involvement with Jewish life and the Jewish community in Chicago during her childhood and how she knew she had to marry a Jewish man and have children right away.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eJudith reflects on why she and Elliott decided to move to away from Chicago and how they decided Atlanta would be their new home. She discusses how everything went right during their move and how they came to live in their home in Sandy Springs. Judith reminisces how she had to really work at being Jewish in her new neighborhood and how they joined different synagogues in the area. She also recalls how Atlanta has changed over the years.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eJudith goes on to discuss her affiliations in Atlanta and how she came to be involved with the Jewish Federation of Greater Atlanta. She mentions which people were active in the Federation in the 1970’s and talks about her time with the Women’s Division. She also reflects on the first projects she got excited about with the Federations and how she saw the world through Federation missions.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe interview moves on to discuss Judith’s involvement with Soviet Jewry and the former Soviet Union. Judith recounts how she first got involved with the project and discusses her first trip to the Soviet Union. She details her experience meeting refusenik families and her continuing relationships with them. She goes on to describe the immigration process the refuseniks went through and their stay in cities like Vienna and Ladispoli while awaiting permission to immigrate to the United States or Israel. Judith discusses the varying degrees of freedom Soviet Jews had depending on what city they lived in and what occupations they typically held.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThen Judith details how it was decided how many and which Soviet Jews would come to Atlanta and how the Jewish community really provided for these families during their resettlement. She describes what it was watching these families land in Atlanta and how they were paired with their adoptive families. Judith also discusses the different agencies involved in the resettlement process of the Soviet Jews. She mentions how the Federation, JF\u0026amp;CS, ORT, the synagogues, the community center, and Jewish professionals all came together to help the immigrating families learn English, gain memberships, get jobs, and really join the Atlanta Jewish community. Judith reflects on how these families have progressed since coming to Atlanta and how she stayed in contact with her adoptive Russian family. Judith reminisces about a family, who later became her friends, their seemingly Western ways and how they reacted when they first came to the United States.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eJudith recounts her “best spy story” from one of her trips to the Soviet Union and how they managed to get sensitive information back to the United States. She also goes on to talk about her involvement in other project within the Atlanta Jewish Community. She discusses her work with the Women’s Division and her resettlement work with the Federation and Jewish Family Services. She recalls her time teaching English to refuseniks in Ladispoli and how she got an inside view of the immigration process.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eJudith moves from her professional life to discussing her life as she’s trying to retire. She also talks about her children and their professions.  The interview shifts from her personal life to more discussion on resettlement and the resettlement committee Judith was a part of. She explains how they tried to get the Russian Jewish children enrolled in Jewish day schools and how they had to come up with enough money to send the children for two years.  She talks about the requirements of Jewish parents for their children to be enrolled in these day schools and about the other people on the resettlement committee.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe interview comes to a close as Judith discusses her other areas of interest and involvement in the Atlanta Jewish community. Judith reflects how all her interests and involvements revolve around Soviet Jewry. She also mentions the different awards she’s been given over the years and her involvement on executive boards for various Jewish organizations in Atlanta.\u003c/p\u003e"]},"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/119/519/small/Cohen_Judith.mp4_1626384804.jpg?1626370405","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - Cohen_Judith.mp4"]},"duration":4608.104,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/119/519/small/Cohen_Judith.mp4_1626384804.jpg?1626370405","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-thebreman.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/119/519/original/Cohen_Judith.mp4?1626370401","type":"Video","format":"video/mp4","duration":4608.104,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/transcript/30704","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Cohen, Judith [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/transcript/30704/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: 2006 and I am here with Judith Cohen, who was agreed to do an\ninterview for the Elliott and Judith Cohen Oral History Collection of, or housed\nwithin the Esther and Herbert Taylor Oral History Project of the William Breman\nJewish Heritage Museum. That's a mouthful, but I'm really pleased that you've\ndecided to this and be a part of this project, so thank you. I'd like you to\nbegin by describing a little bit of your early ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/transcript/30704/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"years, where you were born, your\neducation, how you met your husband, those kinds of . . .\n\nCOHEN: I was born in Chicago [Illinois], January 1940. Grew up in Chicago, all\nmy family was really from Chicago and some of them still are there. I went\nthrough public education, grammar school and high school. I went to the\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/transcript/30704/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"University of Illinois for college. Unfortunately, I had to stop my education\nafter my third year in college because I had cancer. After that, I met my\nhusband. We were introduced by my fraternity, by my sorority sister and his\nfraternity brother, who had gotten ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=60.0,90.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/transcript/30704/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"married. We had sat next to each other at\ntheir wedding and didn't remember each other. A year later we were married. In\nChicago we lived in the suburbs, had a very nice life. Had two children, right\naway, because that's what you were supposed to do at that time. I didn't talk\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=90.0,120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/transcript/30704/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"anything about my childhood, but I had a very nice childhood. We did a lot of\nsports in my family. We played tennis, went swimming, boating, ice skating,\ngolf, horseback riding. Those were all of our activities and everybody\nparticipated. I don't remember anything really eventful about my childhood. I\nwent to camp for seven years and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=120.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/transcript/30704/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"loved it. My daughter went to the same camp and\nshe loved it too. We moved to Atlanta [Georgia] --\n\nBERMAN: Can I just ask, interject--\n\nCOHEN: Sure.\n\nBERMAN: -- one quick question --\n\nCOHEN: Sure.\n\nBERMAN: Was your family involved in Jewish life or Jewish community activities\nin the Chicago area? And also, your husband's name and the names of your children?\n\nCOHEN: Oh. My husband's name is Elliott Cohen, my children's names are Jill\nCohen and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=150.0,180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/transcript/30704/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jeff Cohen. My parents were on the board of Federation in Chicago, but\nwe really didn't, I knew they were on the board but I never knew what they did.\nMy parents were very unreligious. We belonged to a reformed temple and it was\nextremely reformed. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=180.0,210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/transcript/30704/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't remember much about holidays, except for Passover.\nMy father worked on the holidays, on Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur, he didn't\nhave to but he thought he had to. But it's interesting because growing up, it\nwas not a Jewish life. Of course, everybody around you was Jewish so you didn't\nhave to work that hard at being Jewish because all your friends were. There were\nmany Jewish neighborhoods in Chicago ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=210.0,240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/transcript/30704/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so it was a natural, a given. I knew I had\nto marry somebody Jewish. That was a given also. I mean, I don't know why, I\nthink about it but I don't know why, but that was just one of the given things\nthat you had to do. You had to get married by the time you finished college and\nyou had to have children right ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=240.0,270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/transcript/30704/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"away. Those were things that we never really\nthought about, it was just you did them. It wasn't did you or did you not want\nto have children, it was how many children were you going to have? Things have\nchanged, life has changed since then, which I think is good.\n\nBERMAN: Well, let's talk about moving to Atlanta. You lived in Chicago your\nwhole life, your husband was from Chicago.\n\nCOHEN: Right.\n\nBERMAN: What was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=270.0,300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/transcript/30704/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it?\n\nCOHEN: We lived 35 miles from the city. It was a great city but not when your 35\nmiles from it. You can't participate in all the good things, and especially if\nyou have small children, it was not an easy way to do it. We just felt that we\nwanted a nicer life. We wanted a nicer climate to raise our children in so that\nwe didn't have ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=300.0,330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/transcript/30704/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to spend our life waiting for the two weeks or one week in the\nwinter that you went away, to get away from the climate. We didn't want to be in\na hot climate all the, all year round. Atlanta was one of like five or six\ncities we had in our minds of where we wanted to move. The others were Orlando\n[Florida] because that's when Disney World or Disney Land first ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=330.0,360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/transcript/30704/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"started, Dallas\n[Texas], Houston [Texas], San Diego [California]. We came to Atlanta first on a\nMay day, probably around this time of year.\n\nBERMAN: What year was that?\n\nCOHEN: 1971. We woke up, it was a terrible day leaving Chicago, a lot of rain.\nWe came here and we woke up the next morning and it was just ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=360.0,390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/transcript/30704/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"beautiful. We\nreally just fell in love with Atlanta and we never went any further. We never\nsaw any other city. We decided this was the city we wanted to live in. It was a\nmuch smaller city, at that time, which was very nice at the time. It was very\ndifferent than living in Chicago though. So we moved November of 1971 ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=390.0,420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/transcript/30704/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and it was\none of those natural things that everything went right. We had come down here\nthe summer before and we had looked at houses and we saw the house that we are\nliving in right now. It was in the process of being built and we talked to the\nbuilder about what we would do if it was our house. When we left to go back to\nthe hotel, Elliott and I said to each other, \"How can we even do this? ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=420.0,450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/transcript/30704/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You know,\nnobody is paying for our move and we can't afford to have two houses.\" We got\nback to the hotel and there was a message that somebody had bid on our house. So\nit was things like that that everything seemed to just go the right way.\n\nBERMAN: Where is the house? Where do you live?\n\nCOHEN: I live in Sandy Springs [Georgia], in the new city of Sandy Springs.\nWe've lived in the same house for 34 ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=450.0,480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/transcript/30704/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"years now.\n\nBERMAN: How'd you choose Sandy Springs?\n\nCOHEN: It was not our choosing. We had a real estate agent who just\nunfortunately just passed away, Betsy Zass, who showed us where all different\nneighborhoods were. I had no idea that there was a difference between a\nneighborhood down at ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=480.0,510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/transcript/30704/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Paces Ferry and 75 and one in Sandy Springs. I mean, they\nhad two office, two real estate offices but to me they were the same. We looked\nat different houses. I knew I didn't want to be in a place where there were all\nNative Atlantans. We wanted to be in a place for our children where our children\nwould have a good time growing up. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=510.0,540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/transcript/30704/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The neighborhood we moved into was North\nHarbor and there were, on our street there were people who had moved in from\nevery different place. We all moved in within months of each other and everybody\nhad children our kids' age. They had a great time. The one thing that I, not\nregret but, the one thing about Atlanta that was so different to us was that\nthere were no ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=540.0,570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/transcript/30704/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish neighborhoods. I found that you had to work very hard at\nbeing Jewish if you wanted your children to be Jewish.\n\nBERMAN: That must have been a very big difference for you for the way that you\ngrew up. In a sense, it's almost, you do more because you have to work.\n\nCOHEN: Mhm. It didn't even matter what you were, you just had to, you had to\nidentify at ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=570.0,600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/transcript/30704/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"being Jewish. You could be as Jewish as you wanted to be but it\njust, you --\n\nBERMAN: How did you go about that?\n\nCOHEN: We had come from a Conservative synagogue and we decided maybe we wanted\nsomething a little less Conservative. When we came down here our children were\nseven and nine. We looked at The Temple, but at The Temple you could not be bar\nand bat ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=600.0,630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/transcript/30704/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"mitzvahed at the time so we decided that was not for us and we\neventually joined Temple Sinai. Well, we stayed for many years and that was\nmainly so our children could be bar and bat mitzvahed.\n\nBERMAN: Are you still at Temple Sinai?\n\nCOHEN: No we are not at Temple Sinai. We are now at the new synagogue\n[Congregation] Or Hadash, with the two Argentinian rabbis.\n\nBERMAN: Okay. Besides the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=630.0,660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/transcript/30704/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"neighborhood and having to work a little bit harder at\nfinding a Jewish environment for your children, what else did you find in\nAtlanta that was different than the Atlanta you see today?\n\nCOHEN: There was less traffic. I think, I found Atlanta, in the beginning, was\nvery slow. Things ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=660.0,690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/transcript/30704/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"moved at a very slow pace. When you went to the bank you\ncouldn't be in a hurry. When you went and did anything you couldn't be in a\nhurry. I think it was nice for me because I think you automatically slowed down.\nThe building is unbelievable to me. When we moved, we felt like we were at the\nend of Atlanta, and now it just ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=690.0,720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/transcript/30704/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"stretches on and on and we're like in the middle\nof it.\n\nBERMAN: Did . . . describe some of your other affiliations besides the\nsynagogue. Where else did you find a home for yourself?\n\nCOHEN: I went to Federation [in Atlanta] and it was selfish on my part. I wanted\nto meet ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=720.0,750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/transcript/30704/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"people and be a part of things. I think in the beginning it was hardest\non me because my husband went to work in the mornings and my children went to\nschool, and I really had nothing to do. So I did come to Federation and\nvolunteered and did many things for Federation. I was, I grew up volunteering ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=750.0,780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/transcript/30704/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at\nFederation and it was only from there that I went different places.\n\nBERMAN: Who did you meet? Who were some of your, the early, the people who were\nactive in Federation in the Seventies?\n\nCOHEN: Well, the leaders, to me, in Federation, Shirely Brickman, Mickie\nEisenberg Krinsky --\n\nBERMAN: If you could say a few words about some of them that would be great.\n\nCOHEN: Well Mickie ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=780.0,810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/transcript/30704/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was the first person we met or we knew when we moved to\nAtlanta. She was the only person. We only knew her through a friend, but Mickie\ncouldn't have been warmer and more giving, as if she had known us all her life\nand was extremely helpful in all the different things that we did, trying to get\nus organized.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=810.0,840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/transcript/30704/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: What about Mike Gettinger? Was he . . .\n\nCOHEN: Mike Gettinger was --\n\nBERMAN: Was he the director then, still? Or was David [Sarnat] already?\n\nCOHEN: David, I think, was already, oh, well, maybe Mike was in the beginning,\nand then David. I wasn't that high up to even know who the directors were at the\ntime. It was just, I looked at Federation as a fun time. Clara Feldman was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=840.0,870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/transcript/30704/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so\nwarm. I remember going to Unicoi, which we would have women's retreats.\n\nBERMAN: Do you remember [the] Women's Division director?\n\nCOHEN: Women's Division director was Marilyn Shubin at the time. I think.\n\nBERMAN: Or Margaret?\n\nCOHEN: No, then Margaret, but Marilyn was, in the very beginning it was Marilyn,\nthen ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=870.0,900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/transcript/30704/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Margaret Weiller. They both turned out to be very close friends of ours. So\nI looked to Federation as being my beginning and learning how to volunteer,\nlearning how to give, learning how to do.\n\nBERMAN: What was your first, your reaction to meeting a Southern Jew? Hearing\nthat accent? Was it --\n\nCOHEN: It was very different. You know, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=900.0,930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/transcript/30704/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think what was most interesting to me,\nliving in Chicago, I didn't know anybody who's grandparents were not from\nEastern Europe. I remember sitting at a Unicoi one day and asking where their\ngrandparents were from and people were standing up, they were fourth-generation\nAtlanta, fifth-generation Atlanta. I just ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=930.0,960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/transcript/30704/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"couldn't believe it. I mean, it was\nlike, just something I had never heard of before. It was just amazing to me that\npeople were . . . I never knew there were differences in Southern accents\neither. I thought a Southern accent was a Southern accent. So it was quite\ndifferent. I think the first time I heard a Southern accent speaking Hebrew was\none of the funniest experiences ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=960.0,990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/transcript/30704/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we had. We did laugh at that.\n\nBERMAN: So you got involved in Federation, what were some of the projects that\nyou were first excited about? Then we can talk about some of the ones that you\nreally got involved in.\n\nCOHEN: We did some education. I think I basically did fundraising and that's\nwhat I assumed the Federation was, it was fundraising. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=990.0,1020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/transcript/30704/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But, through Federation,\nI saw the world. I went on different missions starting in 1983. There was a\ngroup of us that went to Prague [Czech Republic] and to Israel and that\nabsolutely opened my mind and opened my eyes to what the world really was.\n\nBERMAN: How so?\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=1020.0,1050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/transcript/30704/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"COHEN: I think we, when we talk about this with the Soviet Union, but people\nwere so sad. You could not make eye contact with anyone. I mean, we tried,\nstanding on the street to make eye contact with people and people wouldn't make\neye contact with you. They were not smiling, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=1050.0,1080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/transcript/30704/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they were not happy, they were not\nfree. Their lives were just very sad and very hard and didn't, I don't think you\nrealize those things until you see them yourself. I think there is something in\nseeing people and I think it was seeing people that you were helping that made\nsuch a difference in my life.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=1080.0,1110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/transcript/30704/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: So then what year did you become involved? I know your real pet project\nwas with Russian immigration, when did that all start for you? How?\n\nCOHEN: It was interesting. It, I had gone on missions before. We had gone, as I\nsaid, to Prague and then I had gone to Romania and to Poland. In 1986, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=1110.0,1140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/transcript/30704/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I heard\nBillie Fineman speak about going, she had gone to the Soviet Union on a Kadima\nmission and she talked and it was especially to see refuseniks.\n\nBERMAN: Can you explain what a refusenik is? Just really quickly.\n\nCOHEN: A refusenik was somebody who had applied to leave the country and were\nrefused. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=1140.0,1170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/transcript/30704/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Because of that refusal, they were usually let go of their job so they\nhad no source of income at all. They were given the name refuseniks. Most of\nthem were religious and most of them wanted to go to Israel. I would say it was\nbecause of Billie that I went to the Soviet Union. I had somehow had a terrible\nfear that it was a black ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=1170.0,1200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/transcript/30704/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"hole that I would never get out of until Elliott\nreminded me that nobody wanted me. So we went, Federation had a mission in the\nsummer, or the fall, of 1986. There were two groups of us and we were given, we\nwere briefed on how we should act and what we should do while we went into the\nSoviet Union ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=1200.0,1230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/transcript/30704/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because we were bringing things that were not illegal, I mean,\neverybody, when I look at it now, they all knew what we were doing, but they\njust didn't want us, they were trying to discourage us from doing what we were\ndoing. We were split up into different groups. We went to Moscow [Russia] first\nand it was Elliott and David Sarnat and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=1230.0,1260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/transcript/30704/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"myself who went and visited different\nhomes. It was mind boggling to me. I mean, I just thought that had my\ngrandfather gone a different way, it could have been us there. Somehow I was\njust very touched by what I saw and could not believe how these people didn't\nhave any freedoms. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=1260.0,1290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/transcript/30704/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was so sad, these people were so bright. At the time, if\nyou gave them a camera, the camera was worth like a year salary. They could sell\nit and make enough money to live for a year. We had to memorize these people's\nnames and addresses. What was interesting ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=1290.0,1320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/transcript/30704/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was we would call them from a phone\nbooth, not in a hotel, was a spy adventure, and we would say, \"Shalom,\" and we\nwould tell them who we were and tell them we were coming to visit them. They\nwould tell us what train to take and what car to be ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=1320.0,1350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/transcript/30704/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on on the train. We would\nget on the train and we would do this. When we got off they were waiting for us.\nI couldn't understand how they knew who we were. I thought we fit in so\nperfectly and the answer we got from most people was we had smiles on our faces\nand our eyes lit up.\n\nBERMAN: My gosh.\n\nCOHEN: That is how they recognized ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=1350.0,1380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/transcript/30704/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who we were. Of course, we didn't look like\nthe Russians but by our clothing, I'm sure.\n\nBERMAN: How did you get their names? How did you know who to visit?\n\nCOHEN: They were given to us by the person who briefed us from the Union of\nCouncils [for Jews in the Former Soviet Union (UCJS)] which was based in\nChicago, which still is based in Chicago. There are two groups that were doing\nthis. The Union of Councils in Chicago and the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=1380.0,1410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/transcript/30704/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"National Conference on Soviet\nJewry, which is in Washington [D.C.]. We happened to have been briefed by\nMarilyn Tomlin who is head of the group at the time. She told us, she gave us\ndifferent names of people and what their family was like, how many were in the\nfamily, so we would know what to bring to them. She gave us ideas of what ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=1410.0,1440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/transcript/30704/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"things\nto bring, I mean we were bringing, and that, the families didn't necessarily\nneed all these things, but they would trade them for different, for money or for\nwhat they wanted.\n\nBERMAN: What kind of relationship did you have with these families? Was it just\nthat short term visit? Did you maintain anything with any of them?\n\nCOHEN: We maintained relationships with most everybody. We still have\nrelationships with most of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=1440.0,1470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/transcript/30704/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"them. It was interesting because after we saw them, I\nthink we saw about five or six in each city. We went to Leningrad [Saint\nPetersburg, Russia] afterwards. We, Elliott and I went back by ourselves the\nfollowing June of 1987 and, to visit the same people who ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=1470.0,1500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/transcript/30704/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were shocked that we\nhad come back. I mean, I think many people say, \"I'll see you, I'll be back,\"\nwhatever but we did go back. It was just, at that time it was just in our blood.\nWe wanted to get these people released and we wanted to do things to help them\nin any way we could.\n\nBERMAN: So did these families, these five fam, five or six families that you\nmet, did they end up immigrating, all of them?\n\nCOHEN: Yes, almost everybody ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=1500.0,1530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/transcript/30704/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"immigrated. Some went to Israel and some came to\nthe United States.\n\nBERMAN: Can you describe this whole process for us? You know, how did they, how\ndid they get their papers? How did they arrange it? What happened? How did it work?\n\nCOHEN: Sometimes the more involved you got with a family and the more you did\nfor the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=1530.0,1560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/transcript/30704/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"family, I remember one time we sent postcards from Temple Sinai. We had\nfor the High Holidays we had postcards on everybody's seat to send to let the\nTsimberovs go. A year later, two years later, she [Viktoria Tsimberov] told us\nthat when they went to Ovier, which was the office of visa and registration, all\nthe post cards were there. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=1560.0,1590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/transcript/30704/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So not that we freed them but we may have played a\nsmall part in making sure that they got out. Most of the refuseniks felt that if\ntheir name was given any attention, then the authorities in the Soviet Union\ncouldn't do or wouldn't do anything to them because the rest of the world would\nknow what happened to them. They ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=1590.0,1620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/transcript/30704/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"applied, finally, many of them got out, and\nwhat happened was they were flown to Vienna [Austria] first. In Vienna, they\nwere given the choice of going to Israel, which Israel wanted many people to go\nto. Many did go to Israel, some wanted to go to the United States. If they went\nto the United ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=1620.0,1650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/transcript/30704/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"States, either they were, either they waited in Vienna or\neventually they were taken to small, little small towns on the seaside of Italy,\njust to wait for them to be allowed a visa to come to the United States, which\ncould be, you know, a year's wait also.\n\nBERMAN: Was it surprising to you that they wanted to go Israel and that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=1650.0,1680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/transcript/30704/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Judaism\nwas not that much a part of their lives?\n\nCOHEN: Well, I think the ones who did go, I think they were, not the real\nrefuseniks, but the, many of them did keep their religion and did want to go to\nIsrael. They really, for the most part, did not know much about Israel. They\nwere given such false information. Somebody ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=1680.0,1710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/transcript/30704/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we know decided they didn't want to\ngo to Israel because it was too hot and you got cancer, you got breast cancer\nfrom going to Israel. This was not unusual. The information they had was very,\nvery poor about what Israel was. Many of them were not religious. I have found\nthat we thought, as Americans, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=1710.0,1740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/transcript/30704/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that they should go to Israel and the whole thing\nwas they should have the opportunity at freedom. They were given, if they were\ngiven freedom then they should be able to go wherever they wanted to go. It was\nour job to try and help them along the way and help them learn about Judaism.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=1740.0,1770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/transcript/30704/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: When you were there and you met those five or six families, were you\nsurprised how little about Judaism they knew and what they celebrated? What was\nyour reaction to that?\n\nCOHEN: Some of them were religious so I wasn't surprised at that. A lot of that\nhad to do with Chabad being in the Soviet Union. They would travel all over and\nhelp and teach ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=1770.0,1800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/transcript/30704/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"people. I got a very, I learned a lot of favorable things about\nChabad at that time. Sometimes we found in one city like, I can't remember which\none but in Moscow they may have celebrated Rosh Hashanah and that was the big\nholiday while in Leningrad they celebrated Pesach. They would all gather ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=1800.0,1830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/transcript/30704/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"around\nthe synagogue, not necessarily go into it, but gather around the synagogue at\nthat time and have more or less like a rally of such. I think they knew so\nlittle of so many, so many different things that it wasn't only religion they\ndidn't know about. They were very cultured but there was so much everyday things\nin the free ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=1830.0,1860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/transcript/30704/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"world that they absolutely had no idea about.\n\nBERMAN: When we spoke earlier you mentioned that so much depended on what area\nthey were from, like --\n\nCOHEN: Mhm.\n\nBERMAN: Can you speak to that a little bit? If they were from this city --\n\nCOHEN: Well, if they were, if they were from Moscow and Leningrad they were\nwatched over pretty well. When we went to Kiev [Ukraine], people were a little\nfreer there and there were people we saw who wore ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=1860.0,1890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/transcript/30704/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"crosses around their necks and\nthere were churches that were open. It wasn't free but the further away you got\nfrom the police state, the freer you were. The Jews in Tashkent [Ukraine] and\nI'm trying to think of other cities, my mind is blank right now. The Bukharian\nJews ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=1890.0,1920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/transcript/30704/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"knew their religion, they had their religion and so they knew what they\nwere. They were usually much poorer Jews or much poorer people because they\ndidn't have the opportunity in these places but they were, they knew they were Jewish.\n\nBERMAN: What were some of the occupations of the people you met with there? The\noccupations ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=1920.0,1950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/transcript/30704/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they had there?\n\nCOHEN: One was in water purification. We had been told that these people were\ndenied because they had state secrets and we laughed at that because some of\nthem, in our estimation, were not state secrets. Then we found out later that\nsome of them did have state secrets. The water purification did have some, I\ndon't know that they were ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=1950.0,1980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/transcript/30704/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"state secrets but they were whatever. We met one whose\nwhole life was devoted to marching and, being a refusenik, that he had no other\nlife except he was always arrested. You had to get there before the police came.\nWhen he had, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=1980.0,2010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/transcript/30704/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when he was freed, when he left the Soviet Union he really had\nnothing to do because that was his whole life, was fighting for freedom. He was\nin the telephone industry. Many of them were doctors but very specific. They\ncould be a surgeon, but they could only do tonsillectomies. They were very\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=2010.0,2040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/transcript/30704/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"specific fields.\n\nBERMAN: How did they get to Atlanta? How did that work? Who did Atlanta get?\n\nCOHEN: Atlanta got a big group of people. I have to go back because most of the,\nat that time Ladispoli [Italy] which was one of the seaside resorts in Italy,\nthere was, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=2040.0,2070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/transcript/30704/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the different towns around it there was 37,000 Russians. The Joint\n[American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee (JDC)] was taking care of most of\nthese people and HIAS [Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society] was taking care of these\npeople and the Jewish Agency [for Israel] was taking care of these people.\nNobody could afford it anymore. The numbers grew so large that what happened ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=2070.0,2100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/transcript/30704/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was\nthey emptied out, literally, those cities. Through UJA [United Jewish Appeal] at\nthe time each city was given a fair share of numbers of people that they thought\nwe should resettle. This was happening all along. People were coming and it was\nthrough Federation would decide how many, what the numbers ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=2100.0,2130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/transcript/30704/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were and how many\npeople we could take. We were taking a very small amount of people. I mean, one\nyear we had 35 people, the next year we had 50 people. So it wasn't, it wasn't\nanything very large for us. Then in May of 1990, that's when they emptied\nLadispoli and in two days ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=2130.0,2160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/transcript/30704/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we were settled over 300 people. It was a wonderful\nshow of what a community could really do when they put their mind to it. Every\nfamily had an apartment. Every family was given an apartment for four months or,\nyou know, longer. The government payed for it for four ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=2160.0,2190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/transcript/30704/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"months. In each apartment\nwe had people who were in charge of getting furniture. Each apartment was\nfurnished. Each apartment was filled with food. Each family that came in was\ngiven a volunteer family who would help take care of them and help them in their\nearly resettlement. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=2190.0,2220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/transcript/30704/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Being at the airport those two days in May was just\nspectacular. These people had no idea where they were going, they had no idea\nwhat Atlanta was. Most of them wanted to go to New York because there was more\nculture in New York and New York was a city they had heard of. Those that went\nto New York found that they couldn't afford the culture ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=2220.0,2250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/transcript/30704/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when they got there.\nThese people, for the most part, had no families here, no other relatives here\nso they were alone. It just worked. It just seemed to, many people I see today\ntalk to me about their families that were assigned to them and are still\nfriendly with them and have watched them grow and have watched them ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=2250.0,2280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/transcript/30704/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"settle into Atlanta.\n\nBERMAN: One of my questions that you touched on was the scene at the airport. I\nwould love for you to describe in more detail what it was like watching these\npeople get off the plane and what some of their reactions were.\n\nCOHEN: They were in awe. First of all, they were exhausted, as anybody is when\nthey come overseas. They were ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=2280.0,2310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/transcript/30704/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"nervous because they had no idea where they were\ngoing or what their lives would be. I imagine in some ways they were similar to\nmy grandparents who left Russia and didn't speak any other language and came,\nhowever, these people were met with such warmth and southern hospitality. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=2310.0,2340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/transcript/30704/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Most\neverybody brought bouquets of flowers to give to their families or toys for the\nchildren. It was such a beautiful, heartwarming scene to see people just go off\nwith their families together. They were assigned basically, if somebody had two\nchildren in their ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=2340.0,2370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/transcript/30704/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"family, we put them with a family that had two children. We\nhad no idea what, whether they would be alike or not, but it all seemed to work.\n\nBERMAN: Where were the apartments at?\n\nCOHEN: Most of the apartments were on Buford Highway. They were put in\napartments that were on the bus lines so that people could get on to the bus and\ngo looking, you know, for a job ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=2370.0,2400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/transcript/30704/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or, you know, get around Atlanta because they\ndidn't have cars.\n\nBERMAN: Besides Federation, what other agencies were involved in resettlement?\n\nCOHEN: Every agency was involved in resettlement. The schools took in many of\nthe children. JF, what's now JF\u0026CS [Jewish Family \u0026 Career Services], it was JFS\nat the time, was really the lead agency in charge of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=2400.0,2430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/transcript/30704/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"resettlement --\n\nBERMAN: That's Jewish Family Services --\n\nCOHEN: Jewish Family Services. Because of the help that they needed and then\nthey would go to J, Jewish Vocational Services to help get a job. They would go\nto the community center, the community center gave them memberships so they\nwould belong there. Many of the synagogues gave the people ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=2430.0,2460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/transcript/30704/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"memberships to their\nsynagogues or temples to help them get adjusted. It was an all-out effort on,\nORT helped them with the English as a Second Language, [Congregation] Or\nVeShalom was helping also with English as a Second Language at the time. I hope\nI'm not leaving anybody out.\n\nBERMAN: They have a great --\n\nCOHEN: But the, oh, and all our, many of our doctors and dentists ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=2460.0,2490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/transcript/30704/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"would give\ntheir services free to these people, free medical care and free dental care.\nWhat was interesting, there were two things that I found very interesting at\nthis time. One was that in their previous life in the Soviet Union, if they got\nsomething for free, it wasn't worth anything, it wasn't good. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=2490.0,2520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/transcript/30704/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So when we, when\nmany of these wonderful doctors and dentists gave their services free, after six\nmonths or so the people left them because they assumed that if the service was\nfree that they weren't any good. We had to explain to our Atlantans who were\nbeing so good that this was just what they were used to. I think we ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=2520.0,2550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/transcript/30704/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"expected\nalso because we knew they were Jewish, we expected them to be religious Jews. We\nexpected them to be something that we weren't, or aren't necessarily. We\nexpected them to go to synagogue all the time. They had no idea what synagogue\nwas, had never really been in a synagogue. So it was a very different ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=2550.0,2580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/transcript/30704/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"thing, but\nwe thought that they should be Jewish. They're no different than we are. Some of\nthem are Jewish, some of them are more religious, I'm talking about not Jewish\nbut being more religious than others.\n\nBERMAN: Did some of these preconceived notions lead to some clashes between the\ntwo groups?\n\nCOHEN: I'm sure they did. I'm sure they ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=2580.0,2610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/transcript/30704/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"did. But mostly it was . . . when you\nsay the two groups, wait --\n\nBERMAN: Between, oh, I'm sorry, I should've explained that more clearly. Between\nthe people who were re -- the families who were helping with the resettlement\nand their actual family. Did they have, did the family expect one thing and the\nimmigrants certainly expected something else perhaps?\n\nCOHEN: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=2610.0,2640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/transcript/30704/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"No, it was interesting because if you gave a pair of tennis shoes to one\nfamily, the other family, the next family expected every, that they should get\nthe same exact thing. That, it wasn't that way, you know. They found that, they\nslowly learned, or quickly learned, what life was like in a free society. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=2640.0,2670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/transcript/30704/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They\nhad jobs in the Soviet Union but they were also given people who had to go to\ntheir stores. Like if they had a, say a clothing store for instance, you might\nbe told and I might be told that we had to go to the store to get clothes. So\nthey were given the customers as well. That was a real awakening. Here it was,\nfreedom ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=2670.0,2700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/transcript/30704/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"meant nobody had to do or be assigned to you. You weren't given people\nwho had to come to you. You had to get your own customers and your own clients,\net cetera. You want --\n\nBERMAN: Yeah. No, I understand. What were some of their occupations? What kind\nof jobs did they fill when they first got here?\n\nCOHEN: Many of them were very menial jobs. They worked in, we got jobs ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=2700.0,2730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/transcript/30704/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in\nhotels, in motels, cleaning. They had to start at the bottom, which was\ndifficult for many of them. It was that, they were different, I'm trying to\nthink of where else we, they were placed because I was not in charge of, you\nknow, their occupations. But they had to really start at the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=2730.0,2760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/transcript/30704/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"bottom of any kind\nof a field. That was very difficult for them.\n\nBERMAN: Well, now it's almost 20 years later, I guess it is 20 years later. How\nare some of these families, how do you see how they have progressed? Have you\nfollowed any of them to see where they are today?\n\nCOHEN: Mhm. It's interesting because it was a real pattern. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=2760.0,2790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/transcript/30704/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They arrived, three\nweeks later they bought a car for like $800. The next week they had a car\naccident because most of them had never driven cars before. I mean, it was a\nreal pattern and after they left Buford Highway, they bought usually a\ncondominium. Many of them have bought houses since then. They have ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=2790.0,2820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/transcript/30704/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"worked very\nhard in different occupations and done very well. They've done like Americans\nhave done. While some have done better than others, but most of them have\nreally, I would say, done very well.\n\nBERMAN: Have most of that 300, the big group, stayed in Atlanta?\n\nCOHEN: I don't know. I don't know.\n\nBERMAN: How about your family? Did you stay in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=2820.0,2850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/transcript/30704/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"contact with them?\n\nCOHEN: We did stay in contact for a long time. We really had, our family, we\nreally had nothing in common with them. But they're a wonderful family and\nthey've done very well. They were from Tashkent. He was a baker and so he's in\nhis profession and I know she's a manicurist in Atlanta. That's, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=2850.0,2880.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/transcript/30704/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you know, where\nthey are. We have stayed very close to another family who, he's a professor at\nGeorgia Tech [Georgia Institute of Technology] and he was, he got his job three\nweeks after he came here because he was world-known in microbiology. Some of\nthem, you know, have made it very, very well and some of them, you know,\nhaven't. There was an article in the paper the other day about a family that\nwe're friendly ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=2880.0,2910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/transcript/30704/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with, that she's an engineer. They came in the late 1970's and\nshe's done fabulous.\n\nBERMAN: How about the second generation? How have they been doing?\n\nCOHEN: The second generation is of course doing much better. That's, you know,\nthe reason that many of these families moved was for their children. The\nchildren have ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=2910.0,2940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/transcript/30704/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"grown up American.\n\nBERMAN: So do any of them, do you recall feelings of remorse, wishing that they\nhadn't done that when, or was it maybe missing family and it must have been very difficult.\n\nCOHEN: Yes it was difficult for many of them. They were in a strange place and\nhaving difficult times with the language, and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=2940.0,2970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/transcript/30704/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"depending upon how old they were,\nthe younger they were the better their assimilation with people. You know,\nthey've moved to different places and mainly because of jobs, et cetera, which\nis no different than what we have done.\n\nBERMAN: How about you and your husband? Have you made subsequent trips back to\nthe Soviet Union since that second one that we discussed earlier?\n\nCOHEN: I went back in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=2970.0,3000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/transcript/30704/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"1990 on a women's mission. It was very different.\n\nBERMAN: How so?\n\nCOHEN: Well, first of all, Russians could walk into the hotels. They couldn't do\nthat before. It was more open but still not quite, I found the Soviet Union so\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=3000.0,3030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/transcript/30704/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"unsophisticated. They had power at a high level but it never got down to the\npeople. They were still using tissue paper for airline tickets. They were still\nusing an abacas. It was very not what I thought it would be. We didn't, I\nhaven't had any desire to go back since then because everybody we know has\ngotten out. To me, that was my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=3030.0,3060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/transcript/30704/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"purpose in going to being with.\n\nBERMAN: Let me just retract, go back for a couple minutes. Who were some of the\nother [Unintelligible: 51:10] who were involved, besides you and your husband,\nlike in the community?\n\nCOHEN: Kathy and Howard Sachs were very involved. Howard still is involved with\nthe National Conference on Soviet Jewry. The Brickmans, Perry and Shirley, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=3060.0,3090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/transcript/30704/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"went\non our trip. Wait a second, there were a lot of people, Jeanney Kutner and Steve\nKutner were very involved.\n\nBERMAN: Did they all stay involved like you and your husband?\n\nCOHEN: Yeah. Most of them did and most of them stayed with their families. You\nknow, everybody had a different feeling about ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=3090.0,3120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/transcript/30704/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it. I had told you before and I\nthink what was interesting was that this one family who would come to the United\nStates who, to us in the Soviet Union, seemed very Western. I mean, she was\nwearing jeans, she spoke English, they had a baby grand piano in their house.\nThey were all not poor. When they came to the United States, the questions they\nasked ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=3120.0,3150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/transcript/30704/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were, they didn't know what the yellow line meant in the middle of the\nroad. They didn't know how the washing machine knew when to stop. They didn't,\nwhen you went to a place that had a choice, like say a yogurt store, they\nabsolutely had no idea what to order because they had never been given choice\nbefore. When we went to the farmer's ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=3150.0,3180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/transcript/30704/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"market they were mind boggled and they\nwanted to know where all the rotten fruits and vegetables were, and where the\ncameras were. When I switched lines to check out, Viktoria [Tsimberov] said to\nme, \"Obviously you don't like to wait in a line.\" I guess that was my Chicago\nupbringing, being in a hurry. They just were ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=3180.0,3210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/transcript/30704/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so sheltered in what life was and\nwhat, you know, meanwhile she [Viktoria] is now, I mean, she teaches Russian at\nCornell [University].\n\nBERMAN: Wow.\n\nCOHEN: So, I mean, you know, these were, they all weren't of that high caliber\nbut many were.\n\nBERMAN: You mentioned to me also the other day a great story and I'd love to get\nit on tape of trying to get some photographs ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=3210.0,3240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/transcript/30704/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"out of, or video, out of the Soviet\nUnion. I'd love for you to repeat that story. It's just so wonderful.\n\nCOHEN: This is our best spy story. We had trouble coming, this was on Elliott's\nand my second trip and we were by ourselves. We had had trouble coming into the\ncountry, we came into Leningrad, Saint Petersburg, whatever. We were in customs\nfor three and a half hours, just the two of us. They ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=3240.0,3270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/transcript/30704/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"went through everything and\nwe had a video camera with us. We had wanted to take pictures of people and take\ntheir stories down. When we got to Moscow, we had visited someone we had visited\nbefore, Leonid Kriksonov [sp.], and he had told us that we ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=3270.0,3300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/transcript/30704/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"might have trouble\nleaving the country with the video camera because they now had the equipment\nthere to look and see what was on it. So he suggested he knew people at CNN and\nhe knew Peter Arnett and he knew Peter was out of town, out of the country at\nthis time. He suggested we go see some man, and for the life of me I don't know\nhis ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=3300.0,3330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/transcript/30704/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"name. I went and looked in my records and it said that I shouldn't know who\nhe was so I never wrote his name down. Leonid told us to go to the puppet\ntheater, take a taxi to the puppet theater, cross the road, there was a phone\nbooth. Go to the phone booth and call this man and that he would come and find\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=3330.0,3360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/transcript/30704/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"us. It was in this dark night and it was drizzling and Elliott and I are both in\nthis phone booth and we are calling this man and we hang up. All of a sudden,\nthis man walks up the street and he said, \"Just follow me.\" He doesn't walk with\nus. We follow him and it was into a compound where reporters lived. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=3360.0,3390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/transcript/30704/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We went into\nhis home, introduced us, introduced us to his wife. We sat and we talked and he\nsaid to us, his wife went out of the room to go get coffee for us. All he said\nwas, \"I know you have some things for me. Take them and put them on the shelf.\"\nWe took our video and some other information that we ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=3390.0,3420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/transcript/30704/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"had gathered and we put it\non the shelf. When his wife came back we never said another word about it. About\nsix weeks after we came back home, we got a package in the mail that he had sent\nus all the information that we had given him. He had taken it out in his courier\nbag. I know he was from the Baltimore ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=3420.0,3450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/transcript/30704/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Sun and that's about all I know about him.\nBut he was very nice and it was interesting that here Leonid knew about all\nthese things, and yet when I went to give him a package, he said he didn't need\nanything because their family had everything. When I showed him it was\ntoothbrushes and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=3450.0,3480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/transcript/30704/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"toothpaste, his eyes lit up unbelievable. So when these people\nthought they had everything, some of the basics were missing.\n\nBERMAN: Well it's remarkable, honestly, how involved you got. It must be so\nheartening to see all of your good work, how far that community has come. Did\nthat move you to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=3480.0,3510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/transcript/30704/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"get involved in other projects within the Federation or within\nthe Jewish community here in Atlanta?\n\nCOHEN: Well, after I had been Chairman of Women's Division, when I had gone out,\nwhich was I think in 1988, I got a call from Jewish Family Services, would I\ncome there and volunteer? ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=3510.0,3540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/transcript/30704/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I was doing resettlement work then. So that got me\ninvolved with Jewish Family Services and I eventually became President of the agency.\n\nBERMAN: What years were you President of J . . . We were discussing how you\nmoved sort of over from Federation to Jewish Family Services.\n\nCOHEN: When I got to Jewish Family Services I was doing resettlement ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=3540.0,3570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/transcript/30704/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"work. They\nknew that I had a big interest in the Russian Jewry. In 1989, Elliott, who was\non the board of JDC, the Joint, was supposed to go to Ethiopia on a fact-finding\nmission. I had said to him at that time, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=3570.0,3600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/transcript/30704/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"I'll go with you as far as Rome\n[Italy].\" I wanted to go to Ladispoli for a few of days and see what was going\non in Ladispoli, which was --\n\nBERMAN: Could you spell that city?\n\nCOHEN: Yeah. L-A-D-I-S-P-O-L-I.\n\nBERMAN: Thank you.\n\nCOHEN: It's about 40 minutes north of Rome. They used the seaside resorts, there\nwas Santa Marinella, there was, don't ask me ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=3600.0,3630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/transcript/30704/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"now, many little towns that people\nwere put in. I wanted to go and see what was happening with the Russians at the\ntime. As it turned out, Elliott's trip was cancelled because there was civil war\nin Ethiopia. During that time, the Joint had asked me, I was going to go for a\nweek originally. They asked me could I stay a month and teach ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=3630.0,3660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/transcript/30704/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"English. So I\nsaid, \"Of course.\" I was so excited and I'm not a teacher. So I left in June of\n1989 and went to Ladispoli, this little small town where nobody speaks English.\nI taught English to the Russians who were there for about a month. It was one ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=3660.0,3690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/transcript/30704/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of\nthe best things I've ever done. I mean, it was, I was lonesome but it was so\ninteresting and exciting and I saw what happened with people going to our\ngovernment, to INS [United States Immigration and Naturalization Service],\ntrying to get visas and how if you went in the morning you couldn't, they\nwouldn't allow you. If you went in the afternoon, it was better. It was like by\nchance ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=3690.0,3720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/transcript/30704/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"how they got their visas to come to the United States. But I made many\nfriendships there with people and I stayed the month of June. Then Elliott\npicked me up in the end of the month and we went on a vacation for a few days. I\nloved it so that I went back the month of October and did the same thing. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=3720.0,3750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/transcript/30704/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I\ntaught basically from Newsweek, from the Herald-Tribune. Most of it was people\njust wanting to talk and wanting to know what the United States was like,\nbecause they really didn't know, they had no idea where they were going, when\nthey were going. It was a very difficult and stressful time for them. Many have\nsaid ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=3750.0,3780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/transcript/30704/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"now, \"I wish that I would've taken advantage of being in Italy and\ntraveling and doing things,\" but at that time it was just very stressful for them.\n\nBERMAN: Well, how many, were they allowed to take out a lot of their\npossessions? Were they, how did they --\n\nCOHEN: Some were and some weren't. Many of them had to go into the woods and\nbuild boxes to take out their things. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=3780.0,3810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/transcript/30704/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A lot of the good things, they were taken\naway from them as they left the country. So they really didn't have very much.\n\nBERMAN: That's an amazing story. So what about you more recently? What have you\nbeen doing?\n\nCOHEN: I've been trying to retire. Elliott retired almost two years ago. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=3810.0,3840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/transcript/30704/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I do\nsit on, this last year I sat on six boards and I've cut this down this year\nbecause we're not here a lot. We got to California to relax and to do nothing\nand to enjoy ourselves. I miss being involved but my daughter works, Jill works\nat Jewish Family \u0026 Career Services ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=3840.0,3870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/transcript/30704/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and she's the development coordinator so she\ntells me everything that's going on. I still sometimes go to meetings. I have\nfound though that my hands on experiences have been so meaningful to me that\nthat has made me feel and do what I've done. I've been very lucky to be able to\ndo this, to be able to have ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=3870.0,3900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/transcript/30704/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"traveled and I give credit to Federation for that\nbecause had I not been involved there I would have never seen the world as I\nhave seen it.\n\nBERMAN: You said your daughter's at JF\u0026CS and your son is he in Atlanta?\n\nCOHEN: He is in Atlanta with his wife and three children.\n\nBERMAN: Is he involved in --\n\nCOHEN: No, he is not involved. He's busy trying to make a living. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=3900.0,3930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/transcript/30704/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He is, sells\nindustrial packaging so it's completely different but I think they know what\nI've done and what Elliott has done. Either they will do the same thing or they\nwon't, you know, it's --\n\nBERMAN: And now with this oral history, the whole community's going to know\nwhich is wonderful because that's what we're all about, making sure that stories\nlike yours will always be remembered. So I thank you ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=3930.0,3960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/transcript/30704/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for agreeing to do this\ninterview and we're very appreciative, it was wonderful. Thank you.\n\nCOHEN: Thank you.\n\nBERMAN: So Judith, we were talking about resettlement and we wanted, I wanted to\ngo back a little bit to the committee, the resettlement committee and talk about\nthe people who were involved and what the resettlement committee actually did.\n\nCOHEN: In the beginning, I chaired the resettlement committee from Jewish\nFamily, what was then Jewish Family ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=3960.0,3990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/transcript/30704/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Services. We were an integral part of the\nsame resettlement committee from Federation and then after I did it for Jewish\nFamily Services, I went down to chair the committee at Federation. It was just\nmore or less talking about who was coming in, how many people were coming in,\ncould we resettle them, what money was there, what services we could provide, I\nmean, could we ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=3990.0,4020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/transcript/30704/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"send these children to [Jewish] day schools, could we afford to\ndo this when we weren't doing it for our other children who were in the\ncommunity who couldn't afford to go. There were many problems, there were many\nas there is with anybody who resettles. This was even more because of culture\nand language problems.\n\nBERMAN: I'm confused. How did ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=4020.0,4050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/transcript/30704/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Federation's resettlement committee and JF\u0026CS work\ntogether? Was it the same people on both committees? Was there conflict? Was\nthere --\n\nCOHEN: Oh, there's always conflict. There's always conflict but no, it really,\nit really worked well because some of the people who were on Federation's\ncommittee served on Jewish Family Services' committee so that everybody was\ndoing what they should be doing. I think ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=4050.0,4080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/transcript/30704/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at Jewish Family Services it was more\nindividual work whereas Federation's was more a broader issue of how many people\ninstead of talking about who were the people and what could we do for them and\nthe jobs, et cetera.\n\nBERMAN: How did you resolve the issue about day school? When there are only so\nmany scholarships and only so much money for a day school to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=4080.0,4110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/transcript/30704/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"offer or --\n\nCOHEN: In the beginning, we offered people who wanted day schools, we offered\nthem I think it was two years and then we couldn't afford any more for them.\nMany had no idea what day schools were and especially, you know, the Jewish day\nschools, they had absolutely no idea. But many of them, we figured, if they had\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=4110.0,4140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/transcript/30704/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"had two years of a Jewish day school, they would understand more and be able to\nbring home to their families a feeling of Jewishness and culture and everything\nelse that goes with being Jewish.\n\nBERMAN: Did they stay? Did some of the stay in the day school community? Were\nthe families able to support it and provide?\n\nCOHEN: They were able to support if they all went on scholarship, but many of\nthem did stay in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=4140.0,4170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/transcript/30704/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Jewish day schools. A little bit --\n\nBERMAN: Oh, I was just going to ask if there's any, been any studies done that\nmaybe you would know about the continuity of the culture within that group of,\nhave the young people married within the other Russian Jews, have they married\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=4170.0,4200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/transcript/30704/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"outside the community, have they married Christians? I mean, has there been any\nkind of --\n\nCOHEN: I'm not aware of any study being done or that had been done about it. In\nthe beginning I'm sure they all stayed within the Russian community. I know now\nthat there are several that I've heard of, or know of, that have married outside\nof the Russian community. I think it depends how Jewish, religious they were. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=4200.0,4230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/transcript/30704/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I\nthink we have to admit that some people who did come over here were not Jewish.\n\nBERMAN: You mean they snuck through?\n\nCOHEN: Well, they didn't sneak through. I wouldn't call it sneaking through, but\nI think there were many intermarriages and people stayed married to leave the\nSoviet Union.\n\nBERMAN: Okay.\n\nCOHEN: Once they got here then they either got divorced, which there were a lot\nof divorces, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=4230.0,4260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/transcript/30704/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and many, it depends on who you look at. Hm? It depends how you\nlook at it. In Israel, they both have to be Jewish or the father has to be . . .\nwait just a minute, I'm confused --\n\nBERMAN: The mother --\n\nCOHEN: The mother has to be Jewish. Here we accepted the fact ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=4260.0,4290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/transcript/30704/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that, the day\nschools here do not accept people unless the parents are Jewish, or unless the\nchild is Jewish, but we made exceptions and it was the father. It would be okay\nif it was just the father that was Jewish.\n\nBERMAN: Well that's interesting. So, who were some of the other people that were\nin, on the resettlement committee? Who were the individuals that you remember?\n\nCOHEN: My husband Elliott, Michael Schwartz, Howard ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=4290.0,4320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/transcript/30704/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Sachs, the Brickmans, Jerry\nHorowitz, Jeanney Kutner.\n\nBERMAN: Now if we could just move on for a minute, we want to talk a little bit\nabout some of your other activities that you've done over the years, some of\nyour awards, some of your ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=4320.0,4350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/transcript/30704/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"other areas of interest within the Jewish community.\n\nCOHEN: Well --\n\nBERMAN: And not even in the Jewish community, outside the Jewish community as well.\n\nCOHEN: Well most of them had to do with the Russian community. It seemed like I\nwas stuck there for a long time, which was fine with me. I won the People Power\nAward from the Federation for developing our program and matching American\nfamilies ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=4350.0,4380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/transcript/30704/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the Russian families that came in. At that time my husband, Elliott,\ndeveloped a scholarship program which still is in existence for Russians to go\nto school. So as we talked about before for the day schools, we helped pay for\nsome of the Russians now who are wanting to go to day ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=4380.0,4410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/transcript/30704/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"schools. I was then given\nthe award in New York, it was a national award for, there were 21 people who\nwere honored for their work in Soviet Jewry. [Mikhail] Gorbachev was at that\nevent and he talked about the fact that had he known there would be ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=4410.0,4440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/transcript/30704/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"such a brain\ndrain, he would have never opened the doors. That's exactly what happened. But\nthat was a very exciting time and 60 of our friends came up to New York to\ncelebrate with us.\n\nBERMAN: Oh, my gosh. That's wonderful.\n\nCOHEN: -- which was very nice. I chair the Operation Exodus campaign. Everything\nseemed to revolve around Soviet Jewry and I couldn't get out.\n\nBERMAN: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=4440.0,4470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/transcript/30704/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But you really left a mark and it's a very wonder, it's a legacy. A\nlegacy that you can look back on and you can almost see where, I mean, sometimes\nwork doesn't leave you a lasting legacy of accomplishment, but this work I think\nhas very realistic and by it all, I mean, you can really see what you've done --\n\nCOHEN: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=4470.0,4500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/transcript/30704/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I was going to say, that's the interesting thing, is I can see what I've\ndone and many people to this day come up to me and thank me for the family that\nthey had been given to teach them and to make them and to make their families\nunderstand what was going on. I think that was the, that is the true way you can\nsee what you've done, when you see if yourself. But ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=4500.0,4530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/transcript/30704/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I do sit on other boards and\nI have sit on the board of the Epstein School and the Breman Heritage Museum and\nAmerican Jewish Committee [AJC] and I'm leaving one out. I'm an honorary board\nmember, of course, of Jewish Family \u0026 ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=4530.0,4560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/transcript/30704/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Vocational Services and I'm a trustee at\nthe community center. I sit on one more board but I can't remember. Oh, I'm\nsorry, it's the board of the Jewish Federation. Those are the board that I have\nsit on. I'm trying to ease my load now because we are not spending as much time\nin Atlanta and I feel that if I can't do a job ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=4560.0,4590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/transcript/30704/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't want to just take up\nspace on a board.\n\nBERMAN: Well, for a young girl from Chicago whose family wasn't that Jewish, you\ncertainly have involved yourself in Jewish life. It's really quite an\naccomplishment and thank you.\n\nCOHEN: Thank you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=4590.0,4620.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/annotation_set/541","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Annotations [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/annotation_set/541/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Esther and Herbert Taylor Family Foundation supports The Esther and Herbert Taylor Oral History Collection at the Cuba Family Archives for Southern Jewish History at the Breman Museum in Atlanta, which consists of a thousand oral histories that document Jewish life in Georgia and Alabama. The Foundation was founded in 1983 and is administered by the Jewish Federation of Greater Atlanta.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/annotation_set/541/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum in Atlanta celebrates and commemorates Jewish history, culture, and art through events and museum spaces. The Breman also contains the Cuba Family Archives for Southern Jewish History, which houses thousands of manuscripts, oral histories, and photograph collections, related to southern Jewish history and the Holocaust.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/annotation_set/541/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign is a public land-grant research university in Illinois in the twin cities of Campaign and Urbana. It is the flagship institution of the University of Illinois system and was founded in 1867.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=60.0,90.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/annotation_set/541/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eElliott Cohen was born on April 2, 1936 in Chicago, Illinois. He attended and graduated Northwestern University in 1957 and the University Of Chicago School Of Law in 1960. He met his wife, Judith Mesirow Cohen, in Chicago and the two were married in 1960. Elliott and Judith had two children, Jill and Jeffrey Cohen. Elliott was a founding partner of Cohen Pollock Merlin Turner in 1977. Elliott served as a Director with The American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee for over 20 years. He and Judith went on several missions to help both Russian Jews and other Jewish people in need around the world. The two were extremely influential in the resettlement process of Russian Jews who moved to Atlanta. He also served on the executive board of many local nonprofit organizations, including the Jewish Family \u0026amp; Career Services while Judith was its President. Elliott also played a role in the founding of the Breman Museum in Atlanta. Elliott passed away from COVID-19 on July 29, 2020.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=150.0,180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/annotation_set/541/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJill Cohen was born in Chicago, Illinois to Elliott and Judith Cohen. She has lived and worked in Atlanta, Georgia for most of her life. She graduated from high school in Sandy Springs and received a Bachelor of Business Administration degree in marketing from Tulane University as well as a Master of Science degree in finance from Georgia State University. Jill worked at Jewish Family and Career Services and led their annual campaign for nearly 16 years and now works as the Director of Development at the William Bremen Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=150.0,180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/annotation_set/541/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJeffrey Lee Cohen was born in Chicago, Illinois to Elliott and Judith Cohen. Jeffrey was a graduate of Riverwood High School and the University of Georgia. He worked for Piedmont National for many years. Jeffrey and his wife, Susan Cohen had three children, Jordan, Samantha, and Ashley. Jeffrey died in August 2010 at the age of 46.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=180.0,210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/annotation_set/541/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Jewish United Fund of Metropolitan Chicago (formerly the Jewish Federation of Metropolitan Chicago) is the central philanthropic address of Chicago’s Jewish community and one of the largest not-for-profit social welfare institutions in Illinois. JUF provides critical resources that bring food, refuge, health care, education, and emergency assistance to 500,000 Chicagoans of all faiths as well as millions of Jews in Israel and around the world, funding a network 100+ agencies, schools, and initiatives.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=180.0,210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/annotation_set/541/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eReform Judaism is a division within Judaism, especially in North America and the United Kingdom. Historically it began in the 19th century. In general, the Reform movement maintains that Judaism and Jewish traditions should be modernized and compatible with participation in Western culture. While the \u003cem\u003eTorah\u003c/em\u003e remains the law, in Reform Judaism women are included (mixed seating, \u003cem\u003ebat mitzvah\u003c/em\u003e, and women rabbis), instrumental music is allowed in the services, and most of the service is in the local language as opposed to Hebrew. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=180.0,210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/annotation_set/541/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHebrew: \u003cem\u003ePesach\u003c/em\u003e. The celebration of Israel’s liberation from Egyptian bondage. The holiday lasts for eight days. Unleavened bread, \u003cem\u003ematzo\u003c/em\u003e, is eaten in memory of the unleavened bread prepared by the Israelites during their hasty flight from Egypt, when they had not time to wait for the dough to rise. On the first two nights of Passover, the \u003cem\u003eseder\u003c/em\u003e, the central event of the holiday, is celebrated. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=210.0,240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/annotation_set/541/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eRosh HaShanah\u003c/em\u003e [Hebrew: “head of the year”] begins the cycle of High Holy Days. It introduces the Ten Days of Penitence, when Jews examine their souls and take stock of their actions. On the tenth day is \u003cem\u003eYom Kippur\u003c/em\u003e, the Day of Atonement. The tradition is that on \u003cem\u003eRosh HaShanah\u003c/em\u003e, God sits in judgment on humanity. Then the fate of every living creature is inscribed in the Book of Life or the Book of Death. Prayer and repentance before the sealing of the books on \u003cem\u003eYom Kippur\u003c/em\u003e may revoke these decisions. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=210.0,240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/annotation_set/541/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eYom Kippur\u003c/em\u003e [Hebrew: “day of atonement”] is the most sacred day of the Jewish year. \u003cem\u003eYom Kippur\u003c/em\u003e is a 25-hour fast day. Most of the day is spent in prayer, reciting \u003cem\u003eyizkor\u003c/em\u003e for deceased relatives, confessing sins, requesting divine forgiveness, and listening to \u003cem\u003eTorah\u003c/em\u003e readings and sermons. People greet each other with the wish that they may be sealed in the heavenly book for a good year ahead. The day ends with the blowing of the \u003cem\u003eshofar\u003c/em\u003e (a ram’s horn). \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=210.0,240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/annotation_set/541/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Walt Disney World Resort, also called Walt Disney World and Disney World, is an entertainment resort complex in Bay Lake and Lake Buena Vista, Florida, United States, near the cities of Orlando and Kissimmee.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=330.0,360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/annotation_set/541/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDisneyland Park, originally Disneyland, is the first of two theme parks built at the Disneyland Resort in Anaheim, California, opened on July 17, 1955. It is the only theme park designed and built to completion under the direct supervision of Walt Disney.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=330.0,360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/annotation_set/541/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePaces is a neighborhood of Atlanta, Georgia. It is part if the Buckhead district and located in the far northwest corner of the city. Paces is bounded on the northwest by the Chattahoochee River, which is also the Cobb/Fulton county line.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=510.0,540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/annotation_set/541/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eInterstate 75 (I-75) in the US state of Georgia travels north-south along the US Route 41 (US 41) corridor in the central part of the state, traveling through the cities of Valdosta, Macon, and Atlanta. It is also designated as State Route 401 (SR 401). I-75 is the only interstate to traverse the full length of the state from north to south.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=510.0,540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/annotation_set/541/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAlso known as Masorti Judaism, Conservative Judaism is a form of Judaism that seeks to preserve Jewish tradition and ritual, but has a more flexible approach to the interpretation of the law than Orthodox Judaism. It attempts to combine a positive attitude toward modern culture, while preserving a commitment to Jewish observance. In general, Conservative congregations also observe gender equality (mixed seating, women rabbis, and \u003cem\u003ebat mitzvah\u003c/em\u003e). The governing body for Conservative Judaism in the United States is the United Synagogue of Conservative Judaism (USCJ), formerly known as the United Synagogue of America. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=600.0,630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/annotation_set/541/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Temple, or “Hebrew Benevolent Congregation,” is Atlanta’s oldest Jewish congregation. The cornerstone was laid on the Temple on Garnett Street in 1875. The dedication was held in 1877 and the Temple was located there until 1902. The Temple’s next location on Pryor Street was dedicated in 1902. The Temple’s current location in Midtown on Peachtree Street was dedicated in 1931. The main sanctuary is on the National Register of Historic Places. The Reform congregation now totals approximately 1500 families. As of 2021, its Senior Rabbi is Peter S. Berg.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=600.0,630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/annotation_set/541/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHebrew for “son of commandments.” A rite of passage for Jewish boys aged 13 years and one day. At that time, a Jewish boy is considered a responsible adult for most religious purposes. He is now duty-bound to keep the commandments, he puts on \u003cem\u003etefillin\u003c/em\u003e, and may be counted to the \u003cem\u003eminyan\u003c/em\u003e quorum for public worship. He celebrates the\u003cem\u003e bar mitzvah\u003c/em\u003e by being called up to the reading of the \u003cem\u003eTorah\u003c/em\u003e in the synagogue, usually on the next available Sabbath after his Hebrew birthday. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=600.0,630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/annotation_set/541/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHebrew for “daughter of commandments.” A rite of passage for Jewish girls aged 12 years and one day according to her Hebrew birthday. Many girls have their \u003cem\u003ebat mitzvah\u003c/em\u003e around age 13, the same as boys who have their \u003cem\u003ebar mitzvah\u003c/em\u003e at that age. The\u003cem\u003e bat mitzvah\u003c/em\u003e girl is now duty bound to keep the commandments. Synagogue ceremonies are held for \u003cem\u003ebat mitzvah\u003c/em\u003e girls in Reform and Conservative communities, but it has not won the approval of Orthodox rabbis. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=600.0,630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/annotation_set/541/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTemple Sinai was founded as a Reform congregation in 1968 and met in a variety of locations before establishing a synagogue on Dupree Drive in Sandy Springs, north of Atlanta. Rabbi Richard Lehrman was chosen as the congregation's founding rabbi. The current rabbi is Rabbi Ron Segal (2021).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=630.0,660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/annotation_set/541/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCongregation Or Hadash is a Conservative congregation in Sandy Springs, Georgia. It was founded by Argentinian rabbis Mario Karpuj and Analia Bortz in 2003. As of 2021, the current leader of the congregation is Rabbi Lauren Henderson.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=630.0,660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/annotation_set/541/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCongregation Or Hadash was founded and led by Argentinian rabbis Mario Karpuj and Analia Bortz.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=630.0,660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/annotation_set/541/annotation/177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Jewish Federation of Greater Atlanta raises funds, which are dispersed throughout the Jewish community. Services also include caring for Jews in need locally and around the world, community outreach, leadership development, and educational opportunities. It is an affiliate of the Jewish Federations of North America (JFNA).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=720.0,750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/annotation_set/541/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eShirley Berkowitz Brickman (1935-) is a native of Atlanta, Georgia. Along with her husband, Dr. Perry Brickman, she is a long-time volunteer with Jewish organizations in the community, including as a docent at the William Breman Jewish Heritage \u0026amp; Holocaust Museum and a founder of the Jewish Federation of Greater Atlanta's newcomer program, Shalom Atlanta.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=780.0,810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/annotation_set/541/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMiriam \"Mickie\" Greenberg Eisenberg Krinsky (1925-2018) was born in Atlanta, Georgia, where she and her first husband, David Eisenberg, helped build the foundation of Atlanta's vibrant Jewish community. Mickie was a passionate leader for many years at the Hebrew Academy of Atlanta, the Jewish Federation, Hadassah, and Congregation Shearith Israel. After David died, she remarried Joseph Krinsky.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=780.0,810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/annotation_set/541/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMax C. (Mike) Gettinger (1911-2000) forged a life-long career in Jewish social services in both the United States and Israel. He became the executive director of the Atlanta Jewish Federation in 1962, a post he kept until 1982. During his leadership, the Federation experienced tremendous growth and re-organization. Gettinger authored the book Coming of Age: the Atlanta Jewish Federation, 1962-1982 which was published in 1994.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=840.0,870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/annotation_set/541/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMax C. (Mike) Gettinger (1911-2000) forged a life-long career in Jewish social services in both the United States and Israel. He became the executive director of the Atlanta Jewish Federation in 1962, a post he kept until 1982. During his leadership, the Federation experienced tremendous growth and re-organization. Gettinger authored the book Coming of Age: the Atlanta Jewish Federation, 1962-1982 which was published in 1994.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=840.0,870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/annotation_set/541/annotation/182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eClara Lazar Feldman was born in Atlanta, Georgia in 1929. She graduated from Girl’s High School and worked at her mother’s ice cream parlor growing up. Together with her husband, Sidney Feldman, Clara spent six decades creating a family, traveling the world, and working to make their community, city, and the world a better place. Clara was involved in several different organizations, including the Hebrew Academy, Dressed for Success, and Shearith Israel Sisterhood. Clara passed away on January 6, 2017.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=840.0,870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/annotation_set/541/annotation/183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eUnicoi State Park \u0026amp; Lodge is a 1,050-acre state park located immediately north-northeast of Helen, Georgia in the northeastern portion of the state. The centerpiece of the park is 53-acre Unicoi Lake on Smith Creek.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=870.0,900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/annotation_set/541/annotation/184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMarilyn Hockstein Shubin (1927- ) born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Marilyn attended Overbrook High School and graduated from Drexel Institute of Technology (now Drexel University) in Philadelphia with a degree in business. She moved to Atlanta in 1962 when her husband took a job at Davison-Paxon. During her professional career, she was campaign director and assistant director for the Atlanta Jewish Federation and led several Federation Mega Missions to Israel. During her volunteer work, she was president of the Atlanta section of the National Council of Jewish Women (NCJW) and national vice president for NCJW. She was on the Holocaust Memorial Commission that President Jimmy Carter had organized.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=870.0,900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/annotation_set/541/annotation/185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMargaret Patricia Strauss Weiller (1933-2012) was a fourth generation Atlantan. She was a great granddaughter of Emanuel Rich, one of the four Rich brothers who founded Rich’s Department Store. She was Director of the Women’s Division at the Atlanta Jewish Federation for 17 years. She was founding chair of The Louis Kahn Group Home. She received the Hannah G. Solomon Woman Award from National Council for Jewish Women (NCJW) in recognition of her leadership and community service. She served as chairman of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum for four years, spearheading the development of its core exhibition, \u003cem\u003eCreating Community: The Jews of Atlanta from 1845 to the Present.\u003c/em\u003e She subsequently chaired the Archives committee and served as a lifetime Trustee of the Museum Board. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=900.0,930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/annotation_set/541/annotation/186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePrague is the capital city of the Czech Republic. Nicknamed “the City of a Hundred Spires,” it is known for its Old Town Square, the heart of its historic core, with colorful baroque buildings, Gothic churches, and he medieval Astronomical Clock, which gives an animated show hourly.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=1020.0,1050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/annotation_set/541/annotation/187","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Soviet Union, officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, was a socialist state that spanned large parts of Europe and Asia during its existence from 1922 to 1991.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=1050.0,1080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/annotation_set/541/annotation/188","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eKadima is the international youth organization for Jewish pre-teens affiliated with the United Synagogue of Conservative Judaism (USJC), specifically aimed at Jewish preteens living in North America in grades 6-8. Kadima serves as a “feeder” into United Synagogue Youth (USY), the primary USCJ youth group, aimed at Jewish high-school-aged youth.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=1140.0,1170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/annotation_set/541/annotation/189","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRefusenik was an unofficial term for individuals, typically but not exclusively Soviet Jews, who were denied permission to emigrate, primarily to Israel, by the authorities of the Soviet Union and other countries of the Eastern bloc. The term refusenik is derived from the “refusal” handed down to a prospective emigrant from the Soviet authorities.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=1140.0,1170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/annotation_set/541/annotation/190","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMoscow, on the Moskva River in western Russia, is the nation’s cosmopolitan capital. In its historic core is the Kremlin, a complex that’s home to the President and Tsarist treasures in the Armoury. Outside its walls is Red Square, Russia’s symbolic center.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=1230.0,1260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/annotation_set/541/annotation/191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Union of Councils for Jews in the Former Soviet Union (UCSJ) is a non-governmental organization that reports on the human rights conditions in countries throughout eastern Europe and Central Asia, exposing hate crimes and assisting communities in need. UCSJ uses grassroots-based monitoring and advocacy, as well as humanitarian aid, to protect the political and physical safety of Jewish people and other minorities in the region. The UCSJ was formed in 1970 as a part of the Movement to Free Soviet Jewry, a response to the oppression of Jews in the Soviet Union and other countries of the Soviet bloc.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=1380.0,1410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/annotation_set/541/annotation/192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe National Coalition Supporting Eurasian Jewry or NCSEJ, formerly the National Conference Supporting Soviet Jewry or NCSJ, is an organization in the United States which advocates for the freedoms and rights of Jews in Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, the Baltic States, and Eurasia. Emerging from the American Jewish Conference on Soviet Jewry, it played an important role in the Soviet Jewry movement. Headquartered in Washington, D.C., it is now an umbrella organization of about 50 national organizations and 300+ local federations, community councils and committees.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=1410.0,1440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/annotation_set/541/annotation/193","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSaint Petersburg, formerly known as Petrograd (1914-1924) and later Leningrad (1924-1991), is the second-largest city in Russia. It is situated on the Neva River, at the head of the Gulf of Finland on the Baltic Sea. Saint Petersburg is the fourth-most populous city in Europe and the most populous city on the Baltic Sea. As Russia’s Imperial capital, and a historically strategic port, it is governed as a federal city.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=1470.0,1500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/annotation_set/541/annotation/194","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe two High Holy Days are \u003cem\u003eRosh HaShanah\u003c/em\u003e (Jewish New Year) and \u003cem\u003eYom Kippur\u003c/em\u003e (Day of Atonement). \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=1560.0,1590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/annotation_set/541/annotation/195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePavel and Viktoria Tsimberov are former Russian Jews who moved to the United States with the help of the Cohens and the Russian Jewry movement.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=1560.0,1590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/annotation_set/541/annotation/196","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eVienna, Austria’s capital, lies in the country’s east on the Danube River. Its artistic and intellectual legacy was shaped by residents including Mozart, Beethoven, and Sigmund Freud.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=1620.0,1650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/annotation_set/541/annotation/197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eChabad, also known as Lubavitch, Habad, and Chabad-Lubavitch, is an orthodox Jewish Hasidic dynasty. Chabad is one of the world’s best-known Hasidic movements, particularly for its outreach activities. It is one of the largest Hasidic groups and Jewish religious organizations in the world.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=1770.0,1800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/annotation_set/541/annotation/198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHebrew: \u003cem\u003ePesach\u003c/em\u003e. The celebration of Israel’s liberation from Egyptian bondage. The holiday lasts for eight days. Unleavened bread, \u003cem\u003ematzo\u003c/em\u003e, is eaten in memory of the unleavened bread prepared by the Israelites during their hasty flight from Egypt, when they had not time to wait for the dough to rise. On the first two nights of Passover, the \u003cem\u003eseder\u003c/em\u003e, the central event of the holiday, is celebrated. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=1800.0,1830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/annotation_set/541/annotation/199","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eKyiv or Kiev is the capital and most populous city of Ukraine. It is in north-central Ukraine along the Dnieper River. As of 2015, Kiev was the seventh-most populous city in Europe. Kiev is an important industrial, scientific, educational, and cultural center of Eastern Europe.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=1860.0,1890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/annotation_set/541/annotation/200","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTashkent is the capital and largest city of Uzbekistan, as well as the most populous city in Central Asia. It is in northeastern Uzbekistan, near the border with Kazakhstan. In 1865, Tashkent fell to the Russian Empire and became the capital of Russian Turkestan. In Soviet times, it witnessed major growth and demographic changes due to forced deportations throughout the Soviet Union. Much of Tashkent was destroyed in the 1966 Tashkent earthquake, but it was rebuilt as a model Soviet city.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=1890.0,1920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/annotation_set/541/annotation/201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBukharan Jews, in modern times more commonly called Bukharian Jews, are an ethnoreligious Jewish sub-group of Central Asia which historically spoke Bukharian, a Judeo-Persian dialect of the Persian language. Their name comes from the former Central Asian Emirate of Bukhara, which once had a sizeable Jewish population.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=1890.0,1920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/annotation_set/541/annotation/202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA tonsillectomy is the surgical removal of the tonsils which are two oval-shaped pads of tissue at the back of the throat, one tonsil on each side. A tonsillectomy was once a common procedure to treat infection and inflammation of the tonsils (tonsillitis).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=2010.0,2040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/annotation_set/541/annotation/203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLadispoli is a town and commune in the Metropolitan City of Rome, Lazio, in central Italy.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=2040.0,2070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/annotation_set/541/annotation/204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee (commonly called “the Joint”) is a worldwide Jewish relief organization headquartered in New York. It was established in 1914. After World War II, the Joint provided desperately needed supplies and necessities to survivors inside and outside of DP camps in Eastern Europe, Hungary, Poland and Romania. Long: A worldwide Jewish relief organization headquartered in New York. It was established in 1914. Before World War II, it sent funds to subsidize medical care, schools, vocational training, welfare programs and emigration efforts to beleaguered Jews in Europe. During the Nazi era they tried to get Jewish refugees out to anywhere that would have them including the United States, Palestine, and Latin America. When war broke out they helped thousands of Jews in Poland with shelters and soup kitchens, hospitals, and educational and cultural programs. When the United States entered the war in 1941, the Joint shifted gears since it was not allowed to operate legally in enemy countries. They used international connections to channel aid to Jews in conquered Europe. Wartime headquarters were set up in Lisbon, Portugal from which the Joint mounted rescue operations for desperate refugees including sponsoring a program to get 15,000 Jews from Europe to Shanghai, China. After the war, the Joint provided desperately needed supplies and necessities to survivors. More than 227 million pounds of food, medicine, clothing and other supplies were shipped to Europe to survivors inside and outside of DP camps in Eastern Europe, Hungary, Poland and Romania.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=2070.0,2100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/annotation_set/541/annotation/205","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society (HIAS) was founded in 1881. Its original purpose was the help the constant flow of Jewish immigrants from Russian in relocating. During and after World War II, they had offices throughout Europe, South and Central America and the Far East. They worked to get Jews out of Europe and to any country that would have them by providing tickets and information about visas. After World War II, they assisted 167,000 Jews to leave DP camps and emigrate elsewhere. Since that time, the organization continues to provide support for refugees of all nationalities, religions, and ethnic origins. The organization works with people whose lives and freedom are believed to be at risk due to war, persecution, or violence. HIAS has offices in the United States and across Latin America, Europe, Africa, and the Middle East. Since its inception, HIAS has helped resettle more than 4.5 million people.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=2070.0,2100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/annotation_set/541/annotation/206","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Jewish Agency for Israel is the largest Jewish nonprofit organization in the world. Previously called the Palestine Zionist Executive, it was designated in 1929 as the \"Jewish agency\" provided for in the League of Nations' Palestine Mandate. The Jewish Agency played a central role in the founding and the building of the State of Israel and continues to serve as the main link between Israel and Jewish communities around the world. Since 1948, the Jewish Agency for Israel has been responsible for bringing 3 million immigrants to Israel.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=2070.0,2100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/annotation_set/541/annotation/207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe United Jewish Appeal (UJA) was a Jewish philanthropic umbrella organization that collected and distributed funds to Jewish organizations in their community and around the country. UJA existed from 1939 until it was folded into the United Jewish Communities, which was formed from the 1999 merger of United Jewish Appeal (UJA), Council of Jewish Federations, and United Israel Appeal, Inc.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=2100.0,2130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/annotation_set/541/annotation/208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBuford Highway, also called Buford Highway Corridor and the DeKalb International Corridor, is a community northeast of Atlanta that is celebrated for its ethnic diversity. Buford Highway spans multiple counties including Fulton, DeKalb, and Gwinnett in Georgia. It begins just north of Midtown Atlanta, continues northeast through the towns of Brookhaven, Chamblee, Doraville, and Norcross.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=2370.0,2400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/annotation_set/541/annotation/209","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJewish Family and Career Services (JF\u0026amp;CS Atlanta) is a group of professionals and volunteers offering programs, and resources for individuals and families of all faiths, cultures and ages. Services include counseling, tools for employment, and support for people with developmental disabilities. JF\u0026amp;CS is a member organization of the Association of Jewish Family \u0026amp; Children's Agencies (AJFCA). JF\u0026amp;CS is a result of the merging of two separate organizations, both of which started as committees of the Jewish Federation of Greater Atlanta. The first, Jewish Family Services was founded around 1890. The agency became an autonomous organization in 1982. In 1979, Jewish Vocational Services was started. It became independent in 1985. The two agencies merged in 1997 to become JF\u0026amp;CS. The Jewish Family \u0026amp; Career Services of Atlanta hosts a Child Survivor Support Group that meets bi-monthly.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=2400.0,2430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/annotation_set/541/annotation/210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Atlanta Jewish Community Center was officially founded in 1910, as the Jewish Educational Alliance. In the late 1940s it evolved into the Atlanta Jewish Community Center and moved to Peachtree Street. It stayed there until 1998, when the building was sold and the center moved to the suburb of Dunwoody. In 2000, it was renamed the “Marcus Jewish Community Center of Atlanta.”\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=2430.0,2460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/annotation_set/541/annotation/211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eORT (Association for the Promotion of Skilled Trades) is a non-profit global Jewish organization that promotes education and training in communities worldwide. It was founded at the end of the eighteenth century in 1880 in Saint Petersburg, Russia. Active in over 100 countries, today, ORT is the world’s largest Jewish education and vocational training NGO (Non-Governmental Organization). After World War II, ORT was very active in the DP camps, opening schools with rehabilitation programs in 78 camps. The purpose of the schools was to train and prepare DPs (displaced persons) for resettlement in industrialized countries such as the United States, Canada, and Australia as well as Israel, which had a significant need for highly trained manpower. Some 85,000 Jews were trained in new profession and provided with the tools they needed to rebuild their lives. In 2003 Israel was the area of ORT's largest operation, with 90,000 students educated or trained at ORT’s 159 schools, colleges and institutions, educating 25 percent of Israel’s hi-tech workforce. In 2006 ORT Israel withdrew from World ORT. World ORT continues to work in Israel under the name of Kadima Mada (Educating for Life). In December 1946, the first ORT trade school in Austria was opened in Vienna. By the end of 1947, additional schools were open in Ebelsberg, Steyr, Wels, Salzburg, Hofgastein, Hallein, Linz, and Bindermilch. The schools conducted programs in 50 trades ranging from dressmaking to technical chemistry, optics and building trades. English and Hebrew language courses were also held. ORT’s Central School in Salzburg was the first post-war vocational training establishment in Austria. It opened in February 1947 and had 350 students by mid-1947. An annex to the main ORT school in Salzburg opened in 1948 in the Beth Bialik transit camp in Salzburg and another school was located in the Riedenburg camp. As emigration progressed, ORT schools in Austria began closing down. The Salzburg school was transferred to Hallein, a DP camp twenty miles from Salzburg, in 1947. It remained open until 1954. Rabbi Harry H. Epstein founded the Atlanta ORT chapter in 1970.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=2460.0,2490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/annotation_set/541/annotation/212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEnglish as a Second Language (ESL) is a traditional term for the use or study of the English language by non-native speakers in an English-speaking environment.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=2460.0,2490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/annotation_set/541/annotation/213","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCongregation Or VeShalom was established in Atlanta, Georgia by refugees of the Ottoman Empire, namely from Turkey and the Isle of Rhodes. The Sephardic congregation began in 1920 and was based at Central and Woodward Avenues until 1948 when it moved to a larger building on North Highland Road. Or VeShalom’s current synagogue is located on North Druid Hills Road. As of 2021, the congregation’s rabbi is Josh Hearshen.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=2460.0,2490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/annotation_set/541/annotation/214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Georgia Institute of Technology, commonly referred to as Georgia Tech or, in the state of Georgia, as Tech, is a public research university and institute of technology in Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=2880.0,2910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/annotation_set/541/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe abacus, also called a counting frame, is a calculating tool that has been in use from ancient times to today. It was used in the ancient Near East, Europe, China, and Russia, centuries before the adoption of the written Arabic numeral system. The exact origin of the abacus is unknown.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=3030.0,3060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/annotation_set/541/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDr. Stanley Perry Brickman (1931-), a native of Chattanooga, Tennessee, was kicked out of Emory University’s School of Dentistry in 1951 because he was Jewish. Brickman spent the next few years interviewing dozens of Jewish students who attended the school in the 1950s and 1960s, compiling a video that revealed a pattern of antisemitism by the school’s dean. In 2012, Emory University administrators issued a public apology. Dr. Brickman is a noted oral surgeon practicing in Atlanta, and released a book, Extracted: Unmasking Rampant Antisemitism in America’s Higher Education, in 2019.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=3060.0,3090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/annotation_set/541/annotation/217","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDr. Stephen Saul Kutner, MD, was born in Far Rockaway, New York, on April 6, 1934, to Herman and Hannah Kutner. He attended Far Rockaway High School and went to NYU on a swimming scholarship. As an undergraduate, Kutner studied engineering (BS, ME, and EE), and later worked for a subsidiary of Rand Corporation. He was on active duty in the Navy and was awarded a medical degree from Vanderbilt University in 1965. From 1969 to 1999, Kutner practiced ophthalmology at Georgia Baptist Hospital, and his private practice, Georgia Eye Clinic. He served in the Army and Air Force as a reservist as decades. After a medical mission to Ethiopia in 1987, Kutner found a second calling in global medical charity. He founded Project Vision, which restored eyesight to thousands of people in need in Israel and Romania. Project Vision was built on to become Jewish Healthcare International, a global philanthropic network that brought vital medicine, supplies, and expertise to the elderly, impoverished, and disabled in numerous countries.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=3090.0,3120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/annotation_set/541/annotation/218","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eViktoria Tsimberov is a professor in the Russian Language Program at Cornell University.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=3180.0,3210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/annotation_set/541/annotation/219","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCornell University is a private, statutory, Ivy League and land-grant research university in Ithaca, New York. It has consistently been ranked among the top universities in the world by major educational publications.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=3210.0,3240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/annotation_set/541/annotation/220","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Cable News Network (CNN) is a multinational news-based pay television channel headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia. It is owned by CNN Worldwide, a unit of the WarnerMedia News \u0026amp; Sports division of AT\u0026amp;T’s WarnerMedia.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=3300.0,3330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/annotation_set/541/annotation/221","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePeter Greg Arnett (born November 13, 1934) is a New Zealand-born journalist, holding both New Zealand and US citizenship. He is known for his coverage of the Vietnam War and the Gulf War. He was awarded the 1966 Pulitzer Prize in International Reporting for his work in Vietnam from 1962 to 1965, mostly reporting for the Associated Press. Arnett also worked for \u003cem\u003eNational Geographic\u003c/em\u003e magazine, and later for various television networks, most notably for nearly two decades at CNN. Arnett published a memoir, \u003cem\u003eLive from the Battlefield: From Vietnam to Baghdad, 35 Years in the World’s War Zones\u003c/em\u003e (1994). In March 1997, Arnett interviewed Osama bin Laden, leader of Al-Qaeda. The journalism school at the Southern Institute of Technology in New Zealand was named for Arnett.  \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=3300.0,3330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/annotation_set/541/annotation/222","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eThe Baltimore Sun\u003c/em\u003e is the largest general-circulation daily newspaper based in Maryland. The newspaper provides coverage of local and regional news, events, issues, people, and industries. Founded in 1837, it is currently owned by Tribune Publishing. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=3420.0,3450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/annotation_set/541/annotation/223","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRome is the capital city and a special commune of Italy. It is also the capital of the Lazio region. The city has been a major human settlement for almost three millennia. Rome is the country’s most populated commune.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=3600.0,3630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/annotation_set/541/annotation/224","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSanta Marinella is a commune in the Metropolitan City of Rome in the Italian region Lazio, located about 60 kilometers northwest of Rome. It includes the beach resort of Santa Severa, and a medieval castle.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=3600.0,3630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/annotation_set/541/annotation/225","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Ethiopian Civil War was a civil war in Ethiopia and present day Eritrea, fought between the Ethiopian military junta communist governments and Ethio-Eritrean anti-government rebels from September 1974 to June 1991.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=3630.0,3660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/annotation_set/541/annotation/226","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe United States Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) was an agency of the U.S. Department of Labor from 1933 to 1940 and the U.S. Department of Justice from 1940 to 2003. Referred to by some as former INS and by others as legacy INS, the agency ceased to exist under that name on March 1, 2003, when most of its functions were transferred to three new entities – U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS), U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE), and U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) – within the newly created Department of Homeland Security (DHS). This change was a part of a major government reorganization following the September 11 attacks of 2001.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=3690.0,3720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/annotation_set/541/annotation/227","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eNewsweek\u003c/em\u003e is an American weekly news magazine founded in 1933. It was a widely distributed newsweekly through the 20th century and was acquired by The Washington Post Company in 1961. After financial difficulties, \u003cem\u003eNewsweek\u003c/em\u003e stopped all print publication and transitioned to an all-digital format at the end of 2012. The print edition was relaunched in March 2014 under different ownership. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=3750.0,3780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/annotation_set/541/annotation/228","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe \u003cem\u003eSarasota Herald-Tribune\u003c/em\u003e is daily newspaper, located in Sarasota, Florida. The \u003cem\u003eTribune\u003c/em\u003e was founded in 1925 as the \u003cem\u003eSarasota Herald\u003c/em\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=3750.0,3780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/annotation_set/541/annotation/229","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA Jewish day school is a modern Jewish educational institution that is designed to provide children of Jewish parents with both a Jewish and a secular education in one school on a full-time basis. The term “day school” is used to differentiate schools attended during the day from part-time weekend schools as well as secular or religious “boarding school” equivalents where the students live full-time as well as study.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519#t=4020.0,4050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46497/file/119519/annotation_set/541/annotation/230","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGerald “Jerry” David Horowitz (b. 1939) was an investment broker in Atlanta, Georgia. He was a graduate of Henry Grady High School and Tulane University in New Orleans, Louisiana. 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