{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/mc8rb6xt7h/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Resnik, Bramy"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["2010-12-10 (captured)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Agent"]},"value":{"en":["Resnik, Bramy (Interviewee)","Kent, John (Interviewer)","Einstein, Ruth (Interviewer)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["Video File"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source"]},"value":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum","Esther and Herbert Taylor Oral History Collection","Legacy Project of Atlanta"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eBramy Resnik was interviewed by John Kent on December 10, 2010 in Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e (general)","\u003cp\u003eAt the beginning of the interview, Bramy Resnik introduces himself and delves into his family lifestyle, raised traveling across Europe as a child. Bramy was born on June 29, 1929 in Prague, Czechoslovakia to his parents, Berta and Herman Resnik. Bramy explains that since his father worked for the shoe company, Bata, their family traveled across Europe in the early 1930s. As the interview continues, Bramy explains that growing up multilingual, learning German and French, helped him when he was later captured by the German army and sent to Theresienstadt for two weeks. After escaping due to bribing a guard his mother knew, Bramy lived in Poland for some time before being arrested by the Russian army and was sent to work in a labor camp in Mohyliv, Ukraine. There, Bramy says he learned some Yiddish and Russian, which helped him when he later escaped and survived with a Russian partisan group hunting Germans. \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e Following his liberation, Bramy details his time spent in Munich, Germany, during which he worked on the black market selling goods such as cigarettes, chocolate, and other food items. Bramy stated that he felt ashamed of this piece of his past, given the injustices that faced many involved in the illegal market. Towards the end of the interview, Bramy describes his immigration to the United States, where he joined the army, and went to school to receive his Master’s and Ph.D. Bramy later met his beautiful wife, Rhea, with whom he had two children, and settled in Greenville, North Carolina. \u003c/p\u003e (scope content)","\u003cp\u003eBramy Resnik was a Jewish man who was raised traveling around Europe as a child. Born to parents Berta and Herman Resnik on June 29, 1929, in Prague, Czechoslovakia, Abraham, whose name later changed to Bramy, was raised alongside his older sister, Sylvie. As his father worked for the international shoe brand, Bata, their family traveled around Europe, living in Czechoslovakia, Belgium, France, and Germany as a child. Bramy grew up learning German and French from his two nannies. As antisemitism increased with Hitler’s rise to power, Bramy and his family were eventually detained by the German army and sent to Theresienstadt for two weeks. There, his mother found a German soldier that she knew and bribed him with the remainder of her jewelry so he would help the family escape to Przemysl, Poland. There, they were arrested by the Russian Army for false documents and marched to Mohyliv, Ukraine, where they labored in a camp for three years. Bramy was able to escape the camp in the winter of 1943 and join a group of around 100 people hiding from the Germans in the woods to survive.  \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e Sometime later, Bramy joined a Russian partisan group he then traveled with to Berlin, Germany at the time of liberation. In 1946, Bramy reunited with his mother and father in Austria, where they lived together in a DP camp before his parents and sister immigrated to the United States. Following this, Bramy lived alone in Munich, Germany, where he worked trading goods on the black market.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e When Bramy immigrated to the United States, he met his wife, Rhea, and joined the army. He later had two children, Colette and Howard Resnik and received his Master’s degree from NYU and his Ph.D from USC, before settling in Greenville, North Carolina with his family. Later in Life, Bramy continued to be active in Jewish social matters, working as a member of the Holocaust Commission, and supporting Jewish life in Israel.\u003c/p\u003e (bioghist)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject"]},"value":{"en":["Atlanta, Georgia (geographic term)","Prague, Czechoslovakia (geographic term)","Belgium (geographic term)","Israel (geographic term)","Czechoslovakia (geographic term)","Slovakia (geographic term)","Czech Republic (geographic term)","Odessa, Ukraine (geographic term)","Paris, France (geographic term)","Berlin, Germany (geographic term)","Munich, Germany (geographic term)","Bechyně, Czech Republic (geographic term)","Russia (geographic term)","Kiev, Ukraine (geographic term)","Premysl, Poland (geographic term)","United States (geographic term)","South America (geographic term)","Spain (geographic term)","Buenos Aires, Argentina (geographic term)","Romania (geographic term)","Mohyliv-Podilskyi, Ukraine (geographic term)","Bremerhaven, Germany (geographic term)","Greenville, North Carolina (geographic term)","Holocaust (topical term)","World War II, 1939 - 1945 (topical term)","World War I, 1914 - 1918 (topical term)","Yiddish (topical term)","Concentration Camp (topical term)","Zionism (topical term)","Antisemitism (topical term)","Auschwitz-Birkenau (Concentration Camp) (topical term)","Theresienstadt (topical term)","Partisans (topical term)","Synagogue (topical term)","Displaced Persons (DPs) (topical term)","Black Market (topical term)","Immigration Act of 1924 (Johnson-Reed Act) (topical term)","GI Bill (topical term)","Communism (topical term)","Nazi Salute (topical term)","Gulag (topical term)","Judaism (topical term)","Shul (topical term)","Ashkenazi (topical term)","Bata Corporation, 1894- (corporate name)","Nazi Party, 1920-1945 (corporate name)","SS / Schutzstaffel, 1925-1945 (corporate name)","New York University / NYU, 1831- (corporate name)","University of Southern California, 1880- (corporate name)","East Carolina University, 1907- (corporate name)","North Carolina Holocaust Council, 1981- (corporate name)","Bramy Resnik (1929-2016) (personal name)","John Kent (personal name)","Sylvie Resnik (personal name)","Herman Resnik (personal name)","Berta Resnik (personal name)","Colette Resnik Steel (personal name)","Howard Resnik (personal name)","Rhea Resnik (personal name)","Adolf Hitler (1889-1945) (personal name)","Abraham (personal name)","Steinhardt (personal name)","Emily Dickinson (1830-1886) (personal name)","Hermann Goering (1893-1946) (personal name)","Arthur Schopenhauer (1788-1860) (personal name)","Richard Wagner (1813-1883) (personal name)","Jewish Population of Belgium (other)","1939 Soviet-German Demarcation of Poland (other)","Holocaust in Slovakia (other)","German Jewish Immigration to Latin America in the 1930s (other)","Israeli Statehood (other)","Soviet Union and the Eastern Front (other)","Hungarian Resistance During the Holocaust (other)","German Jewish Emigration 1930s-1940s (other)","Allied Bombing in WWII Berlin (other)","Immigration to Israel (Palestine) (other)","Jewish Survivors and Immigration from Soviet-Occupied Areas after WWII (other)"]}}],"summary":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eBramy Resnik was interviewed by John Kent on December 10, 2010 in Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAt the beginning of the interview, Bramy Resnik introduces himself and delves into his family lifestyle, raised traveling across Europe as a child. Bramy was born on June 29, 1929 in Prague, Czechoslovakia to his parents, Berta and Herman Resnik. Bramy explains that since his father worked for the shoe company, Bata, their family traveled across Europe in the early 1930s. As the interview continues, Bramy explains that growing up multilingual, learning German and French, helped him when he was later captured by the German army and sent to Theresienstadt for two weeks. After escaping due to bribing a guard his mother knew, Bramy lived in Poland for some time before being arrested by the Russian army and was sent to work in a labor camp in Mohyliv, Ukraine. There, Bramy says he learned some Yiddish and Russian, which helped him when he later escaped and survived with a Russian partisan group hunting Germans.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;Following his liberation, Bramy details his time spent in Munich, Germany, during which he worked on the black market selling goods such as cigarettes, chocolate, and other food items. Bramy stated that he felt ashamed of this piece of his past, given the injustices that faced many involved in the illegal market. Towards the end of the interview, Bramy describes his immigration to the United States, where he joined the army, and went to school to receive his Master\u0026rsquo;s and Ph.D. Bramy later met his beautiful wife, Rhea, with whom he had two children, and settled in Greenville, North Carolina.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBramy Resnik was a Jewish man who was raised traveling around Europe as a child. Born to parents Berta and Herman Resnik on June 29, 1929, in Prague, Czechoslovakia, Abraham, whose name later changed to Bramy, was raised alongside his older sister, Sylvie. As his father worked for the international shoe brand, Bata, their family traveled around Europe, living in Czechoslovakia, Belgium, France, and Germany as a child. Bramy grew up learning German and French from his two nannies. As antisemitism increased with Hitler\u0026rsquo;s rise to power, Bramy and his family were eventually detained by the German army and sent to Theresienstadt for two weeks. There, his mother found a German soldier that she knew and bribed him with the remainder of her jewelry so he would help the family escape to Przemysl, Poland. There, they were arrested by the Russian Army for false documents and marched to Mohyliv, Ukraine, where they labored in a camp for three years. Bramy was able to escape the camp in the winter of 1943 and join a group of around 100 people hiding from the Germans in the woods to survive. \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;Sometime later, Bramy joined a Russian partisan group he then traveled with to Berlin, Germany at the time of liberation. In 1946, Bramy reunited with his mother and father in Austria, where they lived together in a DP camp before his parents and sister immigrated to the United States. Following this, Bramy lived alone in Munich, Germany, where he worked trading goods on the black market.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;When Bramy immigrated to the United States, he met his wife, Rhea, and joined the army. He later had two children, Colette and Howard Resnik and received his Master\u0026rsquo;s degree from NYU and his Ph.D from USC, before settling in Greenville, North Carolina with his family. Later in Life, Bramy continued to be active in Jewish social matters, working as a member of the Holocaust Commission, and supporting Jewish life in Israel.\u003c/p\u003e"]},"provider":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/246/584/small/Resnik_Bramy.mp4_1721842432.jpg?1721842433","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - Resnik_Bramy.mp4"]},"duration":7788.182,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/246/584/small/Resnik_Bramy.mp4_1721842432.jpg?1721842433","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-thebreman.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/246/584/original/Resnik_Bramy.mp4?1721842427","type":"Video","format":"video/mp4","duration":7788.182,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Resnik, Bramy [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RUTH: Today is December 10th, 2010, and we are here at the home of Bramy\nResnik in Atlanta. John Kent will be interviewing. Thank you very much for\nagreeing to do the interview with us.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=0.0,16.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: Well, let's start with what your name was when you were born and where and when.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=16.0,24.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: I was born in Prague, Czechoslovakia. That's what my mother told ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=24.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"me.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=30.0,31.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: What was your name when you were born?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=31.0,36.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: I mean, I was born, I don't know what my name was.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=36.0,43.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: You know, if it's any different than what . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=43.0,49.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: Bramy. My parents said that according to the Bible, my name was Abraham.\nEventually, it changed to Bramy when we moved ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=49.0,61.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to Belgium. We lived in Belgium\nfor a while.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=61.0,67.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: When were you born?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=67.0,71.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: I was born [on] June 29th? 1929.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=71.0,77.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: Describe what your early childhood situation was . . . mother, father, any\nsisters? Brothers?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=77.0,88.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: I had a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=88.0,91.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sister but she passed away.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=91.0,94.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: Her name?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=94.0,96.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: Her name was Sylvie. She passed away in Israel and we were [a] fairly\nclose family. In some respects, I think that we were very fortunate that we were\nable to keep our family together till ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=96.0,121.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"almost the end of . . . Till the end of\nthe Holocaust. Well, not the end I should [say] . . . the beginning of the Holocaust.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=121.0,136.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: Describe what your parents were like.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=136.0,140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: My mother was a nurse, which you didn't practice. My father was a\nrepresentative of a shoe company called ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=140.0,151.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Bata. I think Bata was a southern part\nof . . . yes, the southern part of Czechoslovakia or Slovakia, because this is\ncalled Czech and the other one is Slovakia.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=151.0,173.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: Can you describe them as people?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=173.0,178.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: My mother was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=178.0,181.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"an excellent cook. I treasure this a lot because [my\nwife's] an excellent cook. Well, what should I say? We enjoyed the family. We\ncame from a large family. My father came from a family of 12, I think, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=181.0,211.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"12\nchildren. My mother came from a family of 11 children.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=211.0,217.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: What were their names? Parents' names?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=217.0,221.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: Oh . . . My father's name was Herman and he was born in Odessa [Ukraine].\nI don't know if you know where it is . . . Ukraine. My mother was born in\nPrague, Czechoslovakia.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=221.0,241.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=241.0,242.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Her name also . . . her name?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=242.0,247.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: Her name was Berta. That's all I know about my mother.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=247.0,254.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: What are some of your memories from normal life before everything got bad?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=254.0,262.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: We played around. We had two nannies. A nanny who spoke German and then\nthe other ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=262.0,272.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"spoke French. I was actually in both. I had to speak French and I had\nto speak German. Helped . . . the German helped me a lot, because when time came\nto . . . Trying to think. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=272.0,302.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I was very fortunate to speak the language because it\nhelped me out in many respects, even after the war. I was able to use the\nknowledge of both German and French or French and German, whatever you want to.\nThat's about it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=302.0,322.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: What did Jewishness mean to you and your family?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=322.0,327.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: We didn't speak any Yiddish at home. The Yiddish ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=327.0,332.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was learned in a\nconcentration camp. Eventually, we were very fortunate that . . . I shouldn't\nuse the word fortunate. We learned to speak Yiddish a little bit in the\nconcentration camp and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=332.0,362.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"also . . . among friends who spoke Yiddish.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=362.0,367.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: What . . . Was your family religious at all, or Zionist or nothing?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=367.0,376.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: No, they were not Zionist. They were not too religious, but they were\ndedicated Jews. When Hitler was coming to power, my parents would meet ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=376.0,392.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with\nrelatives and friends, saying, \"He'll never be able to pull through . . . to\nkill the Jews,\" because wherever you were and your passport was Juden, you saw\nthe guy looking at your going . . . [Bramy gestures across his throat] \"Bald.\"\n[German: \"Soon.\"] Soon. Yes, so that's . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=392.0,418.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: What are your earliest memories of when things ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=418.0,422.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"started to change? You were\nstill a child in the mid-Thirties.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=422.0,427.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: Yes, to be perfectly honest I don't remember everything. We tried to . .\n. we went to Belgium because that was the . . . I think it was my father's\nheadquarters. They also had . . . my mother had a brother, sister . . . two\nbrothers, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=427.0,452.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sister.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=452.0,452.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"[Interview pauses, then continues]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=452.0,453.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: About what year . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=453.0,456.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: . . . As a teacher, as a professor, I would raise my voice.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=456.0,461.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RUTH: Well raise it a little now.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=461.0,464.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: About what year did your family move to Belgium?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=464.0,468.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: Oh, we moved back and forth. The headquarters . . . I called it\nheadquarters . . . was [in] Belgium.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=468.0,476.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: Did you move before the war started? Or only after?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=476.0,480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: Before, oh, yes. Yes, we ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=480.0,482.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were in Prague. We were in Belgium, or in Paris\n[France], or in Berlin [Germany]. We made our place of domicile where we could.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=482.0,494.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: Was the motive for safety or was it just circumstance?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=494.0,499.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: No, this was before Hitler came to power. Hitler came to power in what .\n. . 1930 . . . ?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=499.0,510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: 1933.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=510.0,511.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=511.0,511.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"1933. I was a [indistinct: 08:30] child, but I got to know what's going on.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=511.0,518.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: Well, what do you remember even as a small child throughout the Thirties\nabout what was happening in your neighborhood or what you were hearing on the\nradio or anything?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=518.0,532.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: Well, to be perfectly honest, I wasn't listening to the radio, but\nwhatever happened was usually shared by ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=532.0,541.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"my father and mother. They tried not to\nget me involved in it. I would listen to my parents. Typical European: you would\nlisten to your parents, they know better. We . . . my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=541.0,571.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"father . . . They said he\nwas a representative of Bata, but I don't know whether he had any difficulty\nbecause he was Jewish. There were antisemites in Czechoslovakia as well as the .\n. . no, it's Czech and Slovakia . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=571.0,594.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: When you were a child, did you ever hear or see anything like ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=594.0,601.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=601.0,602.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: No, we never had any problems because we traveled a lot. When we finally\nsettled somewhere, I had to go to school and usually or there was sometimes was\na private school. Sometimes [there] was a local school. You do whatever you could.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=602.0,628.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: Did you ever go to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=628.0,632.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish schools?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=632.0,634.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: No. It's hard to say so.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=634.0,639.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: Where were you when the war started? You would have been about, what, ten\nyears old?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=639.0,652.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: 11 years old.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=652.0,655.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: 11?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=655.0,657.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: About [11], yes. I was in Prague ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=657.0,663.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and we . . . I'm trying to remember\neverything because the camera is there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=663.0,671.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: Well, how did you first know that there was an invasion and that something\nwas changing?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=671.0,680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: Well I know I knew more than that. When we traveled by train, of course,\nand [when] were in [the] train, you have to show your passport. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=680.0,694.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The passport\nwould say Jewish. The person in charge of checking your name and your passport\nwould look at us, \"Ugh Juden!\" [Bramy gestures across his throat] \"Bald!\"\n[German: \"Soon.\"]. Soon you lose your neck.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=694.0,710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: What was your reaction to that?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=710.0,713.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: Well, it was frightening, because, let's face it, we knew what it means\nto [Bramy gestures across his throat] like this. My father ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=713.0,724.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"says . . . [Bramy\ngestures to calm down] Take it easy. We'll manage. My father and my mother . . .\nwe converse sometimes in different languages. We managed to come through without\nany fear of the Germans. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=724.0,754.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We were in Prague when the Germans walked in. My\nparents found a place where we can hide. We did our best to listen to my\nparents. [Bramy shushes] No talk. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=754.0,784.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We were able to avoid any . . . anything\ndifferent than what would have happened, actually. My parents . . . my mother\nespecially, told me, \"You listen to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=784.0,814.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"us. We'll tell you what to do.\" We listened.\nWhen the time came to get out of the hiding place we were, it turned out to be\nthe wrong time because we were taken prisoners . . . taken hostage, prisoners,\nwhatever. We ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=814.0,844.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were told to follow them. One of the place[s] we were was Theresienstadt.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=844.0,852.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: Who arrested your family? Were they Germans or Czechs?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=852.0,858.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: Oh, German. German, oh yes. When we . . . when we were there the Germans\nwere just in Bech, it was. Bechyně. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=858.0,873.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The Czech police and Czech authorities did\nnot exist anymore. In 1938, 1939. We were very fortunate that when we were taken\nprisoners, my mother recognized one of the German officers as a former . . .\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=873.0,903.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"former person that we knew. His name was Hans something. We . . . my mother went\nover and said, \"Hans . . . \" I don't remember exactly what he [said] . . . he\ncame back, [indistince: 15:21] he slapped my mother over the face, that you\ncould actually see all the fingers. [He] said, \"be quiet. I'll talk to you\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=903.0,933.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"later.\" As a child, of course, I was very upset. I was ready to hurt that [man]\n. . . it very foolish, but I knew it. A day or two days later, we were told to\npack whatever we had. We were driven to the Polish . . . ?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=933.0,960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: . . . Border?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=960.0,963.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=963.0,964.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Border. We were told to cross the border, which was very easy. The Czech\ndidn't mind. They were the Germans, and the Poles didn't mind because we had\nsome passports that were Polish. They were different ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=964.0,994.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"names . . . We went to\nvisit my father's brother, who lived outside of Przemysl [Poland]. We were able\nto get a place to live near my uncle and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=994.0,1024.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"aunt. Things were pretty good till\nabout, I think, a month or so later. The Russians made an agreement with Germany\n. . . I think this was the case . . . they decided to split Poland. I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=1024.0,1054.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"don't\nknow, I was a child, I don't remember exactly what it was, but I know that we\nwere told to stay away from any soldiers. That's because they might be shooting,\netc . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=1054.0,1068.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RUTH: Can I ask a question? Bramy, I'm not sure if I understood. When\nyou were in . . . were you already in Theresienstadt or were you going to . . . ?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=1068.0,1082.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: Oh, no. We left ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=1082.0,1084.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Theresienstadt.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=1084.0,1084.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RUTH: Were you ever in Theresienstadt?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=1084.0,1086.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=1086.0,1087.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RUTH: Your mother saw the German officer in Theresienstadt?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=1087.0,1090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: Yes, ma'am. Yes, ma'am.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=1090.0,1092.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RUTH: Okay, so you were actually . . . he arranged for you to get out to\ngo to Poland, is that . . . ?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=1092.0,1100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: Yes, ma'am.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=1100.0,1101.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RUTH: I see, I just couldn't . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=1101.0,1104.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: He . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=1104.0,1106.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RUTH: He pulled some strings somehow?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=1106.0,1108.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: No, he took all the jewelry that my mother had, and he said, \"that's good enough.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=1108.0,1113.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: How long were you in that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=1113.0,1115.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"camp before they sent you north?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=1115.0,1118.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: I think it was about a week and a half. Two weeks. I think this was\nTheresienstadt. At any rate, we were given the liberty to enter their truck,\nwhich sped to the Polish border. I think the Poles didn't want to argue with the\nGermans. They allowed us to get into ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=1118.0,1145.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Poland. From there, we're able to go\nbecause we had the address of my father's brothers, my mother . . . further out\nin Poland. We were able to capitalize on [them].","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=1145.0,1159.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: What kind of a living situation . . . was that like an apartment or out in\nthe rural area?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=1159.0,1168.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: No. We slept on the floor. [We] slept on a floor.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=1168.0,1173.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: But ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=1173.0,1174.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this was in a city?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=1174.0,1178.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: Yes, Przemyśl is a city, yes. I'm trying to think [of] the other city\nbecause we had several relatives and we were able to capitalize on that. My\nmother was friendly with my uncle's ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=1178.0,1204.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"wife before he married her. We were able to\n. . . their children . . . we played with the children because they weren't very\nwealthy. We were able to capitalize on what they had. At least they had some\nfood. My father had some Polish money, so we're able to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=1204.0,1234.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"share. Because the Jews\n. . . the minute Germany indicated that they want[ed] to enter into\nCzechoslovakia or Poland. We said, \"Whatever it's going to cost, we'll pay.\" We\npaid. I think my father ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=1234.0,1264.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"paid. We . . . I'm trying to visualize. My uncle was a\nwatchmaker, [a] jewelry maker. Whatever my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=1264.0,1294.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"father had, he gave it to him, and he\nwas able to . . . sell it, or exchange [it] for cash. We were able to buy food,\nmilk, bread, whatever it was.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=1294.0,1307.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: When you said when Russia and Germany both took over Poland . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=1307.0,1313.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: . . . Not yet.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=1313.0,1315.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: I'm wondering if anything changed around you or what you were aware of . .\n. was happening?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=1315.0,1322.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: Well, we were ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=1322.0,1324.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"arrested when Russia took over Poland. We were arrested by\nthe Russians. We were . . . not given the freedom to walk around. We were\nliterally put in prison. But, we were very fortunate in one respect that the\nperson who arrested us was a Jewish . . . a Russian ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=1324.0,1354.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jew. When Father told him\nthat I am from Odessa, he said, \"I'm from Odessa, too!\" He claimed that he knew\nmy grandfather. This was a fascinating thing. I never met my grandfather. In\nfact, my daughter . . . my granddaughter . . . is doing a study on relatives,\nand I am unable to tell ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=1354.0,1384.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"them even the names of some of my relatives. I don't\nremember my grandmother's name. From my father's side, or my mother's side. I\nknow that my grandfather . . . my mother's side . . . and I have the name of my\ngrandfather. He was . . . I have his name. Abraham. What's fascinating . . . I\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=1384.0,1414.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"think it's fascinating . . . he was a professor of German and Russian, of\ncourse, and some French. He was able to . . . the way he got his money, he would\nactually stay in the . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=1414.0,1444.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":". . he would be in a place where people congregate, and\nthey would say, \"Look, I needed a letter written,\" and my grandfather would\nwrite a letter for him. \"I need something else done with writing,\" and my\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=1444.0,1474.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"grandfather would do so. He was very instrumental in helping Jews who were not literate.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=1474.0,1482.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: When your family met that Jewish-Russian fellow, did he make it easier on\nyour family?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=1482.0,1491.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: Isidor? He was . . . yes he did. He became very friendly with my father.\nBeing that he was a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=1491.0,1503.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"lieutenant colonel, colonel, I don't know exactly . . . he\nwas able to pull the strings. He gave us access to food, gave us a place to\nlive, and we wouldn't have to pay a thing. When the Germans decided to come into\nPoland ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=1503.0,1533.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to take over, what the . . . Russian did, he gave us a car. Commandeered\na car, I should say. He didn't own the car, he commandeered a car. Papa said,\n\"This is from Isidor.\" We were able to get in the car and go with the Russians\ntowards . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=1533.0,1563.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"away from Germans. Unfortunately, the Germans were too quick for\nus. In the city of . . . I think it was Kiev [Ukraine] . . . the Germans caught\nus and said, \"Are you German?\" My father had these false documents, \"Wohl sicher\nbin ich ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=1563.0,1593.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Deutscher.\" [The] man says, \"So, what are you doing here?\" Anyway, just\n[to] find out that we were Jews. We were now under their . . . it wasn't\npleasant because at one point, he . . . beat up my father. He said he was lying,\nhe says, \"I'll shoot you if you lie again.\" ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=1593.0,1623.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's about it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=1623.0,1624.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RUTH: What . . . was you and your family arrested because you were from\nCzechoslovakia? I mean, why would the Russians arrest you?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=1624.0,1635.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: Oh no, the Russians arrested us because we were . . . we had false documents.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=1635.0,1643.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RUTH: Oh.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=1643.0,1644.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: Yes, but fortunately, not for this, Russian colonel or major . . .\nwhatever he was. He just ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=1644.0,1653.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"disregarded this . . . he was in charge of the whole\nterritory, and he gave us permission . . . whatever. We were able to walk around.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=1653.0,1664.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RUTH: Do you have any idea where your father got those false documents?\nI mean, was he in charge . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=1664.0,1673.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: No, my father . . . had already document[s] to go back to the United\nStates. My father was never in [the] United ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=1673.0,1683.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"States, but he was in . . . I'm\ntrying to [remember] . . . not Spain, but South America.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=1683.0,1693.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RUTH: Oh.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=1693.0,1694.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: As a child, my grandfather on my father's side wrote a letter to his\ncousin in Buenos Aires [Argentina] and said . . . I don't remember his name. . .\n. \"Do me a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=1694.0,1713.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"favor.\" I know this because he always used to repeat the story, \"I\nhave too many children, and if you don't help me, they're going to die. We don't\nhave the food.\" He says, \"Send them to me. I got lots of places.\" The cousin\ntook my father, and also another brother of my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=1713.0,1743.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"father, [a] younger one. We were\nable to have a little family in South America. This lasted till after World War\none. Then my father decided it's time to get married and came to Europe from\nSouth ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=1743.0,1773.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"America. He managed to find a wife. That was my mother.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=1773.0,1780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RUTH: That's a world traveling father you had!","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=1780.0,1785.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: Oh, yes. Yes. We were very, very fortunate with that the only problem is\nthat my [own] father decided to stay. My uncle decided [to] stay in South\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=1785.0,1803.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"America. In fact . . . no, this was . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=1803.0,1807.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RHEA: We made some contact but . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=1807.0,1810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: [Indistinct: 30:12]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=1810.0,1811.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RUTH: Well, I got you off track . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=1811.0,1815.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: Well, maybe going back to when the car was stopped and you were arrested\nby the Germans. What happened after that? When they found out that the papers\nwere false?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=1815.0,1826.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: We couldn't ride in the car anymore, we had to walk. This was . . . I\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=1826.0,1833.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"think it was Kiev, or . . . I don't remember exactly the town. My father was\nvery distraught because the situation that we found out later was very, very\nserious. I mean, they're going to shoot you. You saw people that were shot\nthere. Then they said something, and . . . [Bramy mimics shooting] Consequently,\nmy ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=1833.0,1863.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"father said not to speak badly of Germans. Or say, \"Ja mein Herr, nicht mein\nHerr, jawohl, jawohl.\" [German: \"Yes sir, no sir, yes, yes!\"] If you used that\nkind of a language, the Germans were very impressed. Consequently, we used it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=1863.0,1887.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: Where did you have to walk to?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=1887.0,1892.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: We ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=1892.0,1893.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"walked to a place that . . . actually, you'd call it a dump. A place\nwhere people were murdered. [It] only lasted about two days. Hundreds and\nhundreds of people were killed. My mother, I remember, she held me, she ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=1893.0,1923.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"held . .\n. my sister. Somehow, the good Lord kept us and eventually, they stopped\nshooting. They stopped screaming. Constant screaming, \"Halt heir, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=1923.0,1953.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ausmachen . .\n. \" [German: \"Stop here, put . . .\"] All kinds of orders to scare you. Well, it\nwasn't to scare because they would shoot you if you don't answer.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=1953.0,1966.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: Do you remember what you were thinking and feeling during those two days?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=1966.0,1972.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: To be perfectly honest, it was fear. As a child, I said to myself, \"What\ncan I do? I'm not strong enough to go ahead and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=1972.0,1983.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"kill the Germans.\" I was hoping\nthat this [was] just a dream. Unfortunately, it was not. When my father was\ntaken for an interrogation, we thought we'd never see him [again]. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=1983.0,2013.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"All I know\n[was that] that I cried . . . my mother cried, my sister cried . . . it didn't\nhelp, of course, but somehow they let my father go back to his family. Whether\nthey did it because they think \"we'll get them anyway, so.\" We managed to stay\nwith the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=2013.0,2043.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Germans, who about two days after this shooting . . . that went on two\nor three days . . . we were asked to embark on a . . . excuse me. I'm sorry.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=2043.0,2068.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RUTH: Take your time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=2068.0,2071.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: We started ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=2071.0,2073.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"embarking on trucks. They closed them, shades, and we traveled\nand traveled until we got to Mohyliv [Ukraine]. In Mohyliv, we . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=2073.0,2086.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: Do you remember about what month, what year, [or] what season this was approximately?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=2086.0,2094.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: Or this was the end of . . . I think it was the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=2094.0,2102.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"end of . . . not April,\nbecause it was getting cold. We were delighted that the Germans [were] not\nshooting anymore. They told us we'll embark, to get in the trucks. We drove . .\n. I would say a good, two, three days. We got to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=2102.0,2132.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Mohyliv. They had stops, the\nGermans had stops. Not for us. That's for them. They had to park. They had to\neat something, drink. When we finally got to Mohyliv, we [were] told to\ndisembark, to get [indistinct: 35:52: possibly 'off']. We were told, \"Frauen,\nmänner, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=2132.0,2162.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"frauen, männer.\" [German: \"Women, men, women, men.\"] Women, men.\nFortunately, [indistinct: 26:08: possibly 'I wanted'] to be a man. I was only\nabout 12 or 13 years old. We . . . my mother ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=2162.0,2192.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"disappeared. No. No, they first\ntold us to take off our clothes and . . . [it] was the first time in my life\nthat I actually saw my sister and . . . my mother . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=2192.0,2222.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"anyway, we were told to\ntake our clothes off and they started shaving. They had a hand shaver. My . . .\nsister, my father, and my mother lost their hair completely. I was too young,\nthey only took my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=2222.0,2252.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"hair on top.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=2252.0,2254.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: Was your sister younger or older?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=2254.0,2259.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: Older. Five years older. She died in Israel, by the way. We went and we\nfound the grave in Israel. Anyway, the Germans . . . arranged us. Men, this\ngroup over here goes in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=2259.0,2282.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this barrack. This group goes in that barrack. There\nwere about . . . I would say, easily . . . 20 or 30 barracks. [It] wasn't a big\nplace. We got in and they already had bunks. Instead of three, there were four.\nYou ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=2282.0,2312.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"literally had to squeeze to go in. My . . . sister was [with] her mother, my\nmother. I was not with my father, they moved him somewhere else. We, later\n[were] fortunate to be able to to find him. I don't know why they moved him [to]\na different barrack and we couldn't ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=2312.0,2342.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"change the barracks. You had to stay in the\none that you were offered.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=2342.0,2346.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/187","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: Did this place have a name?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=2346.0,2348.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/188","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: Mohyliv.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=2348.0,2349.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/189","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: It was a whole city? The camp itself didn't have a name?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=2349.0,2353.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/190","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: Well, to be perfectly honest, I don't remember.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=2353.0,2356.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: Okay.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=2356.0,2357.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"[Interview pauses, then resumes]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=2357.0,2358.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/193","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: [Did] you and your father manage to somehow get back in the same barrack together?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=2358.0,2363.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/194","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: No, we didn't.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=2363.0,2364.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: Oh, I thought you said you'd found him later on.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=2364.0,2367.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/196","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: I found him in the compound.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=2367.0,2369.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: Oh, okay.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=2369.0,2370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: But not [in the barracks] . . . He ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=2370.0,2373.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/199","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was assigned to heavy labor and I was\nassigned to all kinds of light labor.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=2373.0,2383.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/200","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: Describe what day-to-day life was like in that place. What do you remember?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=2383.0,2392.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: We were given orders to go with another group . . . there was about a\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=2392.0,2403.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"hundred of us . . . to pick fruit. Not fruit . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=2403.0,2411.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: Vegetables?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=2411.0,2412.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: Yes. What's the vegetable . . . Potatoes. Yes, this was the food. Yes, we\nhad to get potato[s]. You were told, \"you put this in a different pocket, we'll\nshoot you.\" Let me tell ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=2412.0,2433.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/205","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you, they did this one boy . . . shot him, and we never\nstole. Also later on, we tried everything so that . . . it became a fight\nbetween survival and not surviving. Whatever we could, we ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=2433.0,2463.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/206","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"stole. We couldn't\nsteal, we just stayed back.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=2463.0,2468.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: What was it . . . was it an enclosed camp with walls and stuff? Was it a\nbuilding? What kind of a setting . . . ?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=2468.0,2485.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: They were buildings. Yes, there were buildings. We sat in buildings and\nbuildings ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=2485.0,2493.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/209","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=2493.0,2495.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: Was it . . . inside of a city with other normal buildings around it, or\nwas this out in the woods somewhere?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=2495.0,2506.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: No, it was outside the city.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=2506.0,2509.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: Okay.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=2509.0,2510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/213","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: I don't remember any other place.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=2510.0,2513.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RUTH: Was it enclosed by a big fence?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=2513.0,2517.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: Military? Yes, like a military. Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=2517.0,2520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: This was in Russia, but the Germans ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=2520.0,2524.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/217","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=2524.0,2526.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/218","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: . . . No. Oh, yes. This was in . . . excuse me . . . yes, in Russia with\nthe Germans already in charge of it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=2526.0,2539.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/219","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: Okay. How long did that phase last?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=2539.0,2543.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/220","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: Unfortunately, this phase lasted several . . . two or three years. We\nwere able to . . . stay alive as best as we ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=2543.0,2555.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/221","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"could. My mother was able to use her\nknowledge as a nurse, because my father tried to foolishly escape, and the guard\nwho was next to him emptied the machine gun and severed his arm. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=2555.0,2585.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/222","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We were very\nhappy later on that my mother was able to literally sew the wound and he was\nalive till 19 . . . was it 1950 or 1970?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=2585.0,2606.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/223","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RHEA: 1969 I think.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=2606.0,2609.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/224","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: My father was able to stay alive till ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=2609.0,2615.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/225","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"1969.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=2615.0,2615.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/226","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: Did you have any communication with your mother and sister in there?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=2615.0,2621.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/227","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: I had communication with my mother, and she would go to the [indistinct:\n43:41: possibly 'nurses'], she [said], \"Bremala,\" that was my fictitious name,\nBremala. For example, she said that \"it was the end of the war practically . . .\nthe Germans are going to kill ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=2621.0,2644.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/228","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"everyone. I suggest that you try to escape,\" and I\ndid escape.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=2644.0,2652.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/229","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: How did that happen?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=2652.0,2655.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/230","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: With the knowledge of German, I was . . . not hired . . . I was told to\nbe a helper to a young lieutenant, [a] German ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=2655.0,2674.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/231","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"lieutenant. He was a nice fellow\nin some respects. I would clean his place up, polish his shoes, and do a variety\nof work for him. He would repay me, he gave me a boot. [indistinct: 44:51]\nbehind and that's basically it. When it came to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=2674.0,2704.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/232","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"leaving, he was able to . . . he\ngave me permission to go outside of camp and go into the German . . . it's a\nmilitary . . . what's it called?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=2704.0,2727.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/233","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RHEA: Commissary.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=2727.0,2728.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/234","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: Commissary . . . and have access ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=2728.0,2733.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/235","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to food. He gave me . . . I take it you\nknow how much it cost . . . I would have to give it, people stamp it, and I\nbring it back with the food. When I heard what mother said that they were going\nto kill everyone, I decided to escape. Now, escape is not that easy because the\nwhole ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=2733.0,2763.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/236","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"area was filled with Germans. But, if you look another mile or two, you\n[were] close to the woods. I made it my business to be close to the woods and I\n. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=2763.0,2793.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/237","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":". . managed to get some food and slowly moved to the woods when I was there. I\n[had] the German black uniform, with German white [words] that said,\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=2793.0,2823.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/238","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"Gefangene.\" [German: \"Prisoner.\"] I started running. Then I got to a place\nwhere I saw a couple of young men, much older than I am. They came right up to\nme, \"Halt!\" [German: \"Stop!\"] Their German wasn't good at all, but I spoke some\nYiddish already, and he said, \"vau hastu zikh gelernt eydish?\" [Yiddish: \"Where\ndid you learn Yiddish?\"] Where did you learn ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=2823.0,2853.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/239","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yiddish? I said, \"In the camp.\"\n[He] said, \"Oh, that's nice. Where [are] you from?\" I told him where I'm from.\nHe said, \"Alright, let's go in, further in.\" It wasn't a big group of people . .\n. maybe a hundred people who were hiding from the German[s]. We ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=2853.0,2883.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/240","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"started trying\nto talk, because one spoke only Polish and the other spoke Russian. I wasn't too\nfluent yet in these languages.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=2883.0,2892.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/241","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RUTH: Was this a Partisan group? Did they have guns?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=2892.0,2896.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/242","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=2896.0,2897.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/243","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RUTH: Did they fight the Germans?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=2897.0,2899.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/244","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: No, they tried . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=2899.0,2902.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/245","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RUTH: . . . They just tried not to get killed?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=2902.0,2907.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/246","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: Exactly. No, they were not partisans. There was not too far from where we\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=2907.0,2913.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/247","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were, there was a partisan group. They were under the command of Russia, who\nwere actually miles and miles and miles away. We were too young, I think, many\nof them. Too young to be under the Partisan group. But, you'd be surprised. They\nsaid, \"Look, we need you to be there, and when you see some Germans, just shoot.\nShoot. You would scare them, they'll probably go ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=2913.0,2943.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/248","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"back.\" They would do whatever\nthey had to do.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=2943.0,2947.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/249","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: During those two or three years in that camp, did you have any information\nabout what was going on outside the camp at all? Nothing about the war or other forces?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=2947.0,2961.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/250","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: Nothing. I think . . . totally lost.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=2961.0,2965.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/251","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: Was that camp a part of the war effort at all, or what were they really\ndoing there other than ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=2965.0,2974.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/252","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"harvesting food and things?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=2974.0,2977.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/253","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: They had . . . it was an area where they had coats. These heavy coats\nthat the Germans used in the winter. Extremely cold, the area over there. We\nhelped them out? Not voluntarily, but we helped them out. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=2977.0,3004.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/254","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Sewing. I learned how\nto sew buttons, Lots of buttons. I learned how to . . . do stuff. I remember all\nkinds of things.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=3004.0,3020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/255","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: Do you remember what you were . . . what your personality was like? What\nwere you like as a young ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=3020.0,3034.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/256","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"teenager? Can you describe yourself?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=3034.0,3036.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/257","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: To be perfectly honest, I don't think any of us were thinking [about]\nwhat we were like. We tried to save our lives as best as we could. Some, right\naway, gave up and didn't care. They was shot by the Germans. But I, of course,\nwanted to live. I wanted to see my father, my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=3036.0,3064.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/258","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"mother, my sister, relatives . . .\nwho died in many of the German camps.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=3064.0,3073.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/259","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: When you join that group of people in the woods, what happened?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=3073.0,3080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/260","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: We went to steal? We went to steal food, clothes . . . I remember I said,\n\"I need some clothes.\" \"No problem. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=3080.0,3094.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/261","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Come.\" There was a garden and a person says,\n\"Just walk up to him. Say hello and here's a knife.\" [Bramy stabs the air] \"Hit\nhim.\" Very foolish of me to do it, you know, but it's a human being\nnevertheless. But I did it because I needed it. Warm clothes. [Bramy addresses\nhis wife] That's why I tell you I need a warm blanket, sweetheart.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=3094.0,3123.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/262","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"[Bramy and Kent ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=3123.0,3124.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/263","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"laugh]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=3124.0,3125.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/264","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: I think she gets the hint.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=3125.0,3129.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/265","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: She's taking away the warm blanket from me!","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=3129.0,3134.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/266","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RUTH: In this context, I think she's really getting it now.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=3134.0,3140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/267","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: Anyway, yes. I mean, there's many situations where we tried to stay\nalive. In the winter . . . it snows in the winter. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=3140.0,3154.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/268","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Horrendous. The people who\nwere before them somehow got ahold of . . . a spade . . . and were able to dig.\nThey [dug] two areas. One, you walked in with it, but then you walked even\nfurther and it closed up and we were able to keep warm. Younger ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=3154.0,3184.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/269","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"people couldn't\nwithstand it and we had some young people. [They] were one or two years younger\nthan I [was]. Somehow, they didn't manage. That's the sad part.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=3184.0,3201.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/270","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: About what year was this? This part of it?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=3201.0,3207.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/271","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: This part was in 1943, I think. To be perfectly ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=3207.0,3214.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/272","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"honest, we didn't check\nthe date. None of us checked the date.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=3214.0,3222.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/273","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: Winter 1943 about.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=3222.0,3225.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/274","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: This was the winter that we heard from the Germans [that] they had [the]\nbiggest loss from the Russians. Consequently, they would try anything to stay ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=3225.0,3244.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/275","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"alive.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=3244.0,3245.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/276","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: What happened next after that part?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=3245.0,3252.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/277","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: The Germans couldn't actually withstand the impact of the . . . not the\npartisans, but the people who fought against them. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=3252.0,3274.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/278","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We . . . well, it was very\ndifficult to tell whether it's the Germans or the Russians or the Partisans. The\nGermans couldn't do much because they were actually in bad shape. There's . . .\nsome of them didn't have any bullets. Some of them didn't have enough food. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=3274.0,3304.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/279","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You\nwould see them getting quickly dressed, trying to leave the area. We couldn't\ncare less what they left or not, as long as they don't shoot us.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=3304.0,3317.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/280","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: Were there Russian troops in that area also?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=3317.0,3321.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/281","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: Not yet, they were away. You knew they're coming because the Germans\nsaid, \"Die Russen kommen, die Russen kommen, die Russen kommen.\" [German: \"The\nRussians are coming.\"] They ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=3321.0,3334.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/282","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"came. When they came, they came very, very loud[ly].\nThousands of them. Germans put their hands up only to fall down dead. The\nRussians didn't take prisoners, just killed them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=3334.0,3354.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/283","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: The group that you were with . . . were those only Jews or ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=3354.0,3364.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/284","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"everybody?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=3364.0,3365.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/285","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: No, no, no. There were all kinds of people. The camp didn't have just\nJews, there were Ukrainian, there were some Russian, there were . . . there was\na group of people from Romania. There was a group of people from . . . I'm\ntrying to think. Mostly ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=3365.0,3394.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/286","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ukrainian, and they too, tried to survive. It was very\ndifficult to survive because the Germans wouldn't give you any food. The food\nwas for them. The only way to get the food is to kill a German and take his food\naway. That was about it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=3394.0,3420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/287","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: Were you close to anybody in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=3420.0,3424.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/288","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"particular at that time? Did you have a best friend?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=3424.0,3428.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/289","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: I had . . . a friend. I had . . . to be perfectly honest about it, today,\nI still don't remember his name. He [was] a nice, nice fellow. Unfortunately . .\n. he was older than I am, about two years older . . . he was assigned to stay in\n. . . hold ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=3428.0,3454.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/290","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"watch. The Germans had an idea that this area was occupied by some\npeople . . . they called them \"Rebellen\" [German: \"Rebels\"] Rebels. They killed\nthem, unfortunately. [Indistinct: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=3454.0,3484.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/291","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"58:01], but there was another one that I\nbecame very friendly with. He disappeared for a while . . . one. The Russians\ncame. The Russians were very funny, they told me, \"yevrey.\" [Russian: \"Jew\"]\nJew. I said, \"da, ya yevrey\" [Russian: \"Yes, I am a Jew,\"] [and they said,] \"ne\nimeyet znacheniya.\" [Russian: \"It doesn't matter.\"] Doesn't matter. They said,\n\"You want to kill ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=3484.0,3514.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/292","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Germans?\" I said, \"With what?\" He went to his . . . barracks,\ncamp . . . because they already were in . . . Anyway they were dressed already\nfor battle and . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=3514.0,3544.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/293","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":". . I remember that he was a Hungarian, by the way. Very, very\nintelligent boy. I said, \"When the war is over, you going to help me.\" ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=3544.0,3574.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/294","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He\nmanaged . . . he's still alive, or maybe dead by now. He was two or three years\nolder than I am, so I'm 91. He would be 93.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=3574.0,3590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/295","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: 81 . . . ? Or 81?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=3590.0,3594.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/296","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: 81, yes. He . . . his field was Deutsche Literatur, German literature.\nThis was the thing that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=3594.0,3604.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/297","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"most intelligent, educated people wanted to study:\nGerman literature. We . . . he used to help me out because I didn't know how to\nwrite or read well. He helped me out. Finally, when the Russians gave me a\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=3604.0,3634.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/298","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"vintovka. [Russian: \"Rifle.\"] A vintovka is a small little submachine gun that\nyou put like this. [Bramy mimics shooting a gun] He . . . my friend says, \"Well,\nthey don't want me to take this. They want me to do something else.\" I don't\nknow what, but I never saw him again. I heard about him when Germany was\ncapitulate . . . when the Germans capitulated . . . that he was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=3634.0,3664.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/299","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in . . . one of\nthe German towns.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=3664.0,3671.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/300","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RUTH: Munich [Germany]?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=3671.0,3673.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/301","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: No, because I was in Munich. I used to do . . . sell food the . . .\nmerchant would give me. I sold it ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=3673.0,3694.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/302","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so I [could] buy other things. Then you wait.\nHe . . . I don't remember exactly what happened to him. I know that he\neventually went to America and this was the wish of everyone. [To go to]\nAmerica. Except, there was a group of people . . . these were the Zionists . . .\nand they said, \"ven di ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=3694.0,3724.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/303","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"tseyt kumt,\" [Yiddish: \"When the time comes.\"] in\nYiddish. When the time comes, we . . . go to Israel.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=3724.0,3734.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/304","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: Was there a particular time when you knew the war was over?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=3734.0,3740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/305","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: Yes, I was in Berlin. I was with a group of Russians. [They] used to put\ntheir hand on me when they're shooting and say, [unidentified Russian phrase:\n1:02:26] ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=3740.0,3754.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/306","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"[They] put me down because there [was] shooting going on. [They] gave\nme food, always gave me. Then they taught me something . . . \"stakan, stakan.\"\n[Russian: \"Cup, cup.\"] If you know what stakan means . . . It's a cup. A cup.\nYou put in one cup, you put water. In another cup you put some pure vodka.\n[Bramy mimics drinking ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=3754.0,3784.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/307","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"shots] I still can do it! Yes, this was a feat.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=3784.0,3789.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/308","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: Did you ever go back to that camp to find your parents and sister?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=3789.0,3796.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/309","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: No.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=3796.0,3797.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/310","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RUTH: Did you get from Russia to Berlin?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=3797.0,3801.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/311","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: Oh, very, very simple. You go with the Russian military.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=3801.0,3806.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/312","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RUTH: You get drafted?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=3806.0,3808.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/313","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: No.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=3808.0,3809.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/314","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RUTH: Just . . . ?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=3809.0,3812.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/315","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: They gave me some ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=3812.0,3814.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/316","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"clothes, said, \"Pashli.\" [Russian: \"Let's go.\"] Let's\ngo. As long as you went this way, not [that] way, you were okay. If you went\nthis way, \"Ah, you're not Russian. You're not against the Germans.\" They would\nshoot you. The Russians would shoot you. But they were nice. They were treating\nme nicely, they gave me food, food, and food. They taught me how to . . . I\nremember that we stopped . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=3814.0,3844.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/317","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there was one group of . . . not pure Russians.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=3844.0,3852.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/318","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RUTH: Like ethnic Russians?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=3852.0,3855.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/319","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: I don't know what to call them. They would . . . they didn't know what a\ntoilet was. When the time came to go ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=3855.0,3874.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/320","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"into Berlin . . . Berlin was\nalmost taken . . . they told me to stay over here. They said, \"You see this? You\nsee this? Germans hiding. If you see any head, shoot right away.\" I never had to\nshoot because they went ahead and built a tank and blew the whole building. Then\nwe ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=3874.0,3904.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/321","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"knew the war was almost over. We got food from the Germans and then they said\n. . . they were concerned . . . \"you can go if you want to, but come back.\n[It's] much better with us.\" I said, \"Sure.\" Then I was able to go and see where\n. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=3904.0,3934.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/322","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":". . was able to see where my mother and father [were]. Funny, my father was\nnot . . . I was able to get my mother, but not my father. My father was\nsomewhere in Hungary because of his arm. Eventually it healed very nicely and we\nwere able ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=3934.0,3964.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/323","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to get together.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=3964.0,3965.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/324","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: Were you ever seriously hurt or ill yourself?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=3965.0,3969.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/325","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: Well, I only had one bullet that went like this. [Bramy grazes his arm]\nThat's all. That's all I can say.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=3969.0,3980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/326","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: When did you and your mother and sister . . . and then, I guess, father,\nlater . . . when did you all meet again?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=3980.0,3993.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/327","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=3993.0,3993.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/328","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, my reunion. My mother was around . . . 46, I think. 47. My parents\nwere getting together to leave for [the] United States. My father was just\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=3993.0,4023.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/329","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"rediscovered. We . . . my sister had a boyfriend already, I remember this much.\n[She] wasn't married yet. [Bramy's wife whispers to him] What honey?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=4023.0,4045.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/330","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: Where? Where did you all meet up again?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=4045.0,4053.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/331","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=4053.0,4054.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/332","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, we met . . . I met my mother in Austria. In fact, I took my wife\nwhen we traveled to Europe, the area where we went, my mother.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=4054.0,4070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/333","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: How did you learn where she was?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=4070.0,4074.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/334","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: Very simple. They told me, \"when you get lost, we will leave our name in\nyour ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=4074.0,4083.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/335","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"temple or in a place like the government.\" Yes, and that's what we did.\nBecause we looked for . . . like I [had] to look for Berta Resnik. That's [how]\n. . . I looked for my mother and my father.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=4083.0,4108.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/336","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: What was it like to see them again ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=4108.0,4113.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/337","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"after . . . what, a year or something?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=4113.0,4120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/338","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: It was incredible. Incredible. Of course, the difficulty was to see my\nfather without an arm, but he was alive. We tried to look back . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=4120.0,4143.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/339","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"his loss of\nthe arm. We managed. When I came here to the United States because I couldn't\nvote . . . and I met my father, mother in . . . not Austria . . . I forget what\nit's called. Forgot the name.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=4143.0,4170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/340","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: Do you remember what ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=4170.0,4173.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/341","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"city? What city in Austria?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=4173.0,4176.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/342","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: Yes. Oh, yes. That's near . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=4176.0,4181.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/343","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RUTH: You're talking about Bremerhaven [Germany] . . . where you left?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=4181.0,4187.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/344","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: Oh, Bremerhaven's up. That's not Austria. But, Bremerhaven was one of the\nplaces, yes. The thing that we went . . . you remember sweetheart?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=4187.0,4200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/345","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RHEA: I just remember [indistinct: 1:09:58] in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=4200.0,4204.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/346","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Munich, where you were living.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=4204.0,4206.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/347","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: No, this is not it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=4206.0,4208.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/348","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RHEA: I don't know where you met your father.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=4208.0,4211.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/349","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: My father, we met near Austria. It's hard to think. Also, we had to go .\n. .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=4211.0,4217.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/350","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: Well, once . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=4217.0,4219.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/351","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RUTH: . . . Was it a DP camp?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=4219.0,4222.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/352","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: Was it a DP camp or a hospital or . . . ? Where your father was?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=4222.0,4228.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/353","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: A placement . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=4228.0,4230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/354","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: Like where you found them . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=4230.0,4233.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/355","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: . . . Like a DP camp, yes. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=4233.0,4236.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/356","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was nice, because my father still needed\nrecouping. They gave all the good work . . . that was all the Americans. I went\nback to the Russian area . . . stupidity. Anyway, they were very nice. They saw\nme, \"Ah! Bramchka, Bramchka. Kak Pozhivayete?\" [Russian: \"Bramy, Bramy. How are\nyou?\"] How are ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=4236.0,4266.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/357","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you? I said, \"khoroshiy,\" [Russian: \"Good.\"] They let me go back\nto Austria. Then, of course, I wanted to go to the United States because my\nwhole family was already in this country. I needed the permission from the\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=4266.0,4296.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/358","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"American . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=4296.0,4298.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/359","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"[Interview pauses, then resumes]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=4298.0,4300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/360","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: They called the area of [indistinct: 1:11:52: possibly 'welfare']\nhousing, or DP camp. Lot's of Jews, lots of Jews. Most of them from\nconcentration camp[s] . . . directly from concentration camp[s] to [indistinct:\n1:11:52: possibly 'welfare'] housing. I . . . they ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=4300.0,4325.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/361","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"would . . . they had an area\nin the camp. It was also a former military place, but it was a military place\nfor better Germans. That is, German[s] who had permission to be . . . some of\nthem had the rank of sergeant. Anyway, I had a little ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=4325.0,4355.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/362","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"place and . . . I was\nvery, very glad to have this place because I was now into . . . market, where\nthey called it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=4355.0,4369.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/363","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: . . . Black market?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=4369.0,4372.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/364","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RUTH: . . . Black market?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=4372.0,4375.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/365","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: Black market. I'm ashamed to say that I was actually full . . . I had so\nmany ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=4375.0,4385.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/366","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"cigarettes. I wasn't a smoker yet. I became a smoker when I came to the\nUnited States. At any rate, shaving cream, shaving, and . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=4385.0,4406.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/367","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"[Interview pauses, then resumes]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=4406.0,4409.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/368","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: [I] went to pawn [a] pack of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=4409.0,4415.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/369","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"cigarettes or lots of things that you\ncouldn't get. My friends said, \"you are a wizard.\" Anyway . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=4415.0,4428.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/370","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: What condition were your mother and sister in at that point?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=4428.0,4436.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/371","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: Happy. Except that I wasn't near. They were already in the United ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=4436.0,4445.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/372","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"States.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=4445.0,4445.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/373","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: Oh, okay. Well, how did that happen? That all four of you were together?\nHow did they leave earlier?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=4445.0,4454.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/374","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: They had permission from the . . . American . . . what's it called . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=4454.0,4462.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/375","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RUTH: . . . To get a quota?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=4462.0,4466.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/376","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: A quota, exactly, yes. [She] was able to get [it] . . . there they were.\nHere, I was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=4466.0,4475.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/377","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"alone. I was approaching 21 and [when] people turn 21, they have to\nhave permission. In fact, I said, \"I'll take permission.\" They said, \"Wait a\nsecond. We know that you are a communist.\" I say, \"What?\" They said, \"Yes,\nyou're a communist. We have proof.\" They brought some guy out who walked to me,\n[and] says, \"Hi there ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=4475.0,4505.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/378","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Bramy, you remember the party? You were . . . \" They said\nall kinds of lies. I got very, very angry because that man [said], \"You can\nnever, never go to the United States.\" I said, \"Well good. Why don't you write\nme a letter, and I'm going to take this to the president of the United States.\"\nTwo days later, I got a letter of permission to come to the United ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=4505.0,4535.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/379","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"States. When\nI got into the United States . . . it was like seeing a new world. What has\nhappened when I was in [indistinct: 1:15:55: possibly 'welfare'] housing, I had\na little job after the . . . getting away ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=4535.0,4565.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/380","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from being a . . . What is it called?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=4565.0,4573.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/381","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RUTH: Black marketeer?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=4573.0,4575.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/382","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: Black Marketeer. I was able to learn the fact that some people are not\nmarketeers, so I was able to become friends with no ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=4575.0,4595.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/383","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"marketeers. What can I say I\n. . . I met some people who were very kind, because I was almost caught by the\nGerman . . . not SS, wasn't that, it was the German. See, they didn't have any\nweapons, the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=4595.0,4625.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/384","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Germans . . . [there] were still no weapons. But, they would catch\nyou and then deposit you to the Americans. If you [did] that, you could never\ncome back to America. They . . . I tried to stay away for it. I ran . . . I\nremember when they tried to catch me. I ran and I went to a bakery. The people\nin the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=4625.0,4655.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/385","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"bakery knew what I was. I said, \"I'm in trouble.\" They said, \"Hide him.\"\nThe Germans walked in and tried to . . . the German baker says \"He isn't here.\nHe's over there.\" I became his best friend. I was able to get bread and other\nthings from him. Finally, when I came to [the] United States . . . while I was\nin ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=4655.0,4685.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/386","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Germany, I walked in this place where they gave clothing to needy people. One\nof the clothings was a . . . an American couple with three kids. Three girls . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=4685.0,4715.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/387","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":".\n. gave me that coat. That coat was very, very nice. I put my hands [in the\npockets] and couldn't do anything. It turned out to be three letters from three\ngirls. The Ein . . . Einstein?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=4715.0,4740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/388","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RHEA: Steinhardt.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=4740.0,4741.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/389","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: Steinhart. Steinhart [was] their name. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=4741.0,4745.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/390","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They were very, very nice. They\nwere just upset that I married my wife, not one of their girls.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=4745.0,4753.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/391","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"[Interview pauses, then resumes]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=4753.0,4755.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/392","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: Well, during those few years when you were in that DP camp, how much\ninteraction did you have with the local Germans? You know, so like non-survivors.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=4755.0,4767.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/393","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: One of the things, while I was a . . . what do you call . . . involved in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=4767.0,4776.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/394","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"trade.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=4776.0,4777.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/395","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RUTH: Black market.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=4777.0,4779.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/396","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: Black market. I knew practically every store. They all said,\n[unidentified German word, phrase, or sentence: 1:19:36] \"I want.\" The most\nproduct that they went bananas [over] was cigarettes. Sometimes, you wondered,\n\"where did I get the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=4779.0,4806.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/397","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"chocolate?\" [It was] excellent chocolate. Well, it's very\nsimple. They would trade . . . their bodies for chocolate, for other things. It\nwas incredible. Of course, I was too young to . . . well, I was young and I was\nable to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=4806.0,4836.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/398","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"do things . . . it was a nice time. The only thing I regret [is] that\nyoung people would suffer. I mean, young. I mean, people who are, let's say\nnine, ten years old. That's . . . what are they, German or non German . . . I\nthink that nine, ten years old, it's a shame to have to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=4836.0,4866.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/399","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"suffer.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=4866.0,4867.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/400","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: Well, how did you feel about the Germans that you were encountering,\nconsidering you were killing them just a few years earlier?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=4867.0,4879.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/401","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: Well, you learn very quickly to . . . not to forgive, I'm not saying to\nforgive . . . but you learn very quickly to say, \"Hey. I'm the one in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=4879.0,4896.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/402","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"charge.\nNow, I am in charge.\" The interesting part [is that] the Germans learned very\nquickly. I'll give you an example. We . . . there was a street car in . . .\n[indistinct: 1:21:54: possibly 'Bogenhausen'], not in [indistinct: 1:21:54:\npossibly 'Bogenhausen'], in Munich. The street car would go in different places\nand end ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=4896.0,4926.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/403","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in a place called . . . well, the colonizers . . . now you forget. Some\npeople called it Judenstaat. Jew city. Of course, people didn't like that. I\ndidn't like it. But, the groups of people that were friends of mine said,\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=4926.0,4956.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/404","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"Don't. We'll take care of it\" and two days later, he was home dead. See that's\n. . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=4956.0,4966.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/405","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RHEA: . . . What happened?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=4966.0,4969.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/406","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: They found him dead. That's what I don't like. You become equally guilty.\nBut, they paid for their . . . since.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=4969.0,4981.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/407","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RUTH: Can you talk more about that? Like give an example ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=4981.0,4987.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/408","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of . . . I mean\nwho was harming whom and what effect it had on the society that was trying to\nrebuild itself.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=4987.0,5003.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/409","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: You know, all the German . . . these so-called innocent young people,\ngirls who were 18, boys who were, 12, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=5003.0,5017.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/410","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"13 . . . see, I found myself around the\nking. Anything I did was okay. My friends, many of them were actually due to go\nto Israel. Many of them. I wasn't ready yet. In fact, I didn't want to go to\nIsrael. I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=5017.0,5047.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/411","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"fought to stay alive, and I didn't want to go to Israel to lose my\nparents, not to see them. See, other people, they didn't have any parents. They\nwent to Israel.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=5047.0,5073.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/412","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"[Bramy's dog growls, Bramy and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=5073.0,5077.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/413","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Kent laugh]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=5077.0,5078.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/414","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: At any rate, I . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=5078.0,5082.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/415","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"[Interview pauses, then resumes]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=5082.0,5084.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/416","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: Do you remember where you left off a couple minutes ago?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=5084.0,5090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/417","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RUTH: Just ask again.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=5090.0,5092.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/418","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RHEA: You had asked him about his relations with native Germans.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=5092.0,5098.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/419","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: Well, just the general idea. I was just wondering . . . you were there for\nwhat, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=5098.0,5107.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/420","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"four more years after the war ended about. I'm just wondering what it was\nlike walking down the street and having Germans there and just wondering . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=5107.0,5119.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/421","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: As you walked down the street, the Germans already are . . . by 1946,\n1947 they already [Bramy pretends to brush dust off his shoulder] no more Nazi.\nNone of them dare to go, \"Heil Hitler!\" [German: \"Hail Hitler!\"] Although, we\nused to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=5119.0,5137.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/422","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"joke around and whenever a German went by, we went, \"Heil Hitler!\" They\nlooked at us, they said, \"Nein. Nein! Wir hatten genug von ihm!\" [German: \"No.\nNo! We had enough of him!\"] We had enough of him. Which can be true, you know?\nWe tried to find a way for the Germans to realize that the person who was here\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=5137.0,5167.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/423","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"winning . . . is actually in your favor. Although not always true, but it was.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=5167.0,5176.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/424","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: During those few years, did you ever go back to your hometown to see what\nwas left?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=5176.0,5186.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/425","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: I did. Now, when we got married, I wanted to go there. I was afraid\nbecause the Russians were . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=5186.0,5198.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/426","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":". .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=5198.0,5199.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/427","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RHEA: He thought the Russians were looking for him.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=5199.0,5202.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/428","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: I was scared.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=5202.0,5203.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/429","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RHEA: But that wasn't the case. We did not . . . we went to Europe on our\nhoneymoon, but we did not go to Eastern Europe because he had this thing that\nthe Russians would . . . but we did go to Munich and [indistinct: 1:26:48].","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=5203.0,5218.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/430","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: You know, you'd be surprised how many places the Jews went and never came back.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=5218.0,5223.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/431","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RUTH: That's why I was surprised that you said that your mother and your\nsister ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=5223.0,5228.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/432","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were allowed to leave Russia. I mean, some people got sent right to the\nGulag from the right after the war to go work.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=5228.0,5237.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/433","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: But this was entirely different.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=5237.0,5239.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/434","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RHEA: His mother was snatched, she was, but she escaped.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=5239.0,5243.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/435","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: Well, what did your mother and father tell you about that period when you\nwere away from them? What was their experience during that time? Do you remember?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=5243.0,5253.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/436","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: My father didn't have much experience because he lost the arm. He was\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=5253.0,5258.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/437","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"very thankful my mother was able to take care of him because many people . . .\nyou could see them lying on the . . . and part of their arm . . . nothing. I was\nvery fortunate, I had a mother who was . . . thinking like she, [Bramy looks to\nhis wife] she ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=5258.0,5288.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/438","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"thinks. More than I do. We . . . see, I look at myself as a person\nwho was very fortunate to be alive, and having a person like her. That doesn't\nmean she's always right, but she helps a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=5288.0,5318.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/439","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"lot. To be perfectly honest, I'm still\nafraid. Not that the Nazis are going to come back. I'm still afraid there's some\npower [that] may take over. It's not for me, I'm 81. It's for my grandchildren.\nI am afraid for my grandchildren. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=5318.0,5348.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/440","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"My daughter doesn't think about it. She's an\nattorney, lives in a marvelous democracy. But still, I am concerned. What's\ngoing to happen? You have these people who . . . may decide to take away their\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=5348.0,5378.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/441","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"freedom. I hope not. I am looking at my children and I pray that even though\nthey don't understand yet, that they will not have to suffer the way other\npeople have suffered. The way ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=5378.0,5408.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/442","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"grandpa . . . we had to go somewhere . . . where\ndid we go today to get?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=5408.0,5418.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/443","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RHEA: Davis Academy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=5418.0,5420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/444","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: We took my . . . mother's picture. There isn't much left, we don't have\nany of the pictures. There is . . . that's a little story, if I may, very\nquickly. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=5420.0,5438.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/445","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"My . . . when the war ended, my mother told me that she went to see our\nhouse. It wasn't actually anymore our house, it was partially destroyed. But,\nthe people . . . then she wanted to know where the stuff is, because when they\nleft, they left their jewelry, silverware, etc.. Well, it turns out to be that\nthe the lovely ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=5438.0,5468.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/446","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"neighbors, yes . . . no shame. They were displaying my parent's\njewelry . . . without any shame, like \"It's ours.\" God forbid, because we have\nother friends who . . . they were in Poland, for example . . . telling, \"this is\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=5468.0,5498.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/447","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ours, this is my parents'.\" They went and killed them. I decided not to say a\nthing. My parents didn't say a thing. The thing is that they were very nice,\nthese friends. Quote unquote, some \"friends.\" They were able to tell us, \"We\nhave something that are yours. There's a whole bunch of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=5498.0,5528.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/448","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"pictures.\" My parents\nwere able to get . . . my mother, actually . . . pictures and other things and\ntook [it] with them. When I went to school, I went to the Army and, went to\nschool for general education . . . bachelor's . . . all the other things . . . I\nwouldn't ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=5528.0,5558.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/449","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"believe that these people would say, \"Look, this was yours. I'll give\nit back to you.\" Never, never did it. We are alive and that's it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=5558.0,5572.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/450","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: Well, let's get into the happier part of the story of when you finally\nleft Europe and joined your family. How did that happen? That you finally came ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=5572.0,5588.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/451","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"over?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=5588.0,5589.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/452","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: Well, when I came over, my parents didn't understand. We had a good\nfriend. My mother took care of her mother. She was old, [her] name was Isaacson.\nYes, Rhea?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=5589.0,5610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/453","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RHEA: Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=5610.0,5611.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/454","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: Anyway, I was very pleased with these people. They ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=5611.0,5618.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/455","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were always helping,\nalways helping. One of the things they did [was] to help me make a decision to\ngo into the military and then join the army, etc., etc.. I did. My parents were\nfurious. [unidentified language word, phrase, or sentence: 1:33:52] It's for\nGentiles, not for Jews. I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=5618.0,5648.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/456","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"said, \"Mama, we are [in the] United States. I want\nto.\" It was too late, I signed. I was glad, I enjoyed it immensely. I was given\nexcellent food, excellent clothes. In fact, they wanted me to go ahead and\nbecome an officer. I said, \"Let me think about ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=5648.0,5678.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/457","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it.\" Nevertheless, I would have\nbeen an officer in 20 years . . . I have what you call a limited discharge with\npapers and you name it. I'm glad I didn't do it, because then I would never\n[have] met this young lady here.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=5678.0,5699.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/458","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: Tell us how the two of you met.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=5699.0,5703.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/459","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: This is the beauty of beauties. Both of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=5703.0,5707.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/460","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"us were teachers. Graduated in\nwhat . . . Rhea? Thirties, right? When did we graduate?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=5707.0,5716.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/461","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RHEA: I think the same year, in 1960.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=5716.0,5721.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/462","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: That's right. I went ahead and taught for a while. In fact, I didn't\nteach for a while, I worked as a . . . what was it ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=5721.0,5737.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/463","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"again? The gar . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=5737.0,5740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/464","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RHEA: You worked in the garment industry for a while.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=5740.0,5745.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/465","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: Garment industry. They were all making tremendous amount of money. I\nsaid, \"Why not?\" Anyway, I became a piece goods buyer, and the people were\nimpressed with what I did. I became one, but I still wanted an ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=5745.0,5766.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/466","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"education. To me,\neducation was the most important thing. Finally I said to the boss,\"I'd like to\ngo and get an education.\" [He said,] \"I'll help you any way I can.\" He was nice.\nI forgot the name, it's been a while. Very . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=5766.0,5796.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/467","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ashkenazi! His name was\nAshkenazi. He was such a nice fellow . . . two heart attacks, young fellow in\n[his] 40s,has two heart attacks. [He] still wanted to help people. At any rate,\nI went and got an education. My mother changed her mind with the military. She\nhas some ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=5796.0,5826.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/468","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"bladder operation needed . . . it was free, [with] the military it's\nfree. I had a . . . they wanted to operate on my father to create an arm. We\nasked a friend of ours who knew something about it as a physician. He says he\nwouldn't do it. It meant to cut here, to cut there, cut ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=5826.0,5856.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/469","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"inside over here, so he\ncan press and the arm would go this way. He didn't want [it], so my father\ndidn't get it. Otherwise I have to tell you, I enjoyed the army. The food was\nfantastic. People would look at me, \"Is he crazy. He eats like a dog, like a\nhorse.\" I enjoyed it. [Bramy looks at his wife] What? What did you say honey?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=5856.0,5886.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/470","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RHEA: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=5886.0,5886.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/471","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Nothing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=5886.0,5886.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/472","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: I'm eating [like] that now too, right? That's what you want to say? At\nany rate, I was very pleased with [the army]. Then I went and I got my . . .\nafter my bachelor's, I got my . . . at NYU.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=5886.0,5907.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/473","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RHEA: Your Masters.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=5907.0,5908.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/474","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: My masters. Then, my wife says, \"Well, you've almost reached the top.\nLet's ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=5908.0,5915.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/475","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"get [your] PhD.\" I went ahead and I got my Ph.D..","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=5915.0,5921.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/476","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RUTH: In what subject?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=5921.0,5923.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/477","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: German literature.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=5923.0,5925.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/478","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: How did you decide on that?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=5925.0,5929.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/479","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: Well, to be perfectly honest, I wanted to go to med school. I found med\nschool unpleasant, really. I decided, \"To heck with it!\" I'll do what I know\nbest. German ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=5929.0,5946.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/480","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"literature was my field. I went ahead and subscribed for German\nliterature. It was no problem. What else did I do, honey? I usually tell her\neverything. She's got the terrific mind, remembers everything. I don't.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=5946.0,5966.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/481","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: Well, could you talk a little bit about your parents and sister? How did\nthe whole ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=5966.0,5976.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/482","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"war affect them?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=5976.0,5979.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/483","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: Well, my sister worked for a while, and she . . . her husband worked with\nher. She had three kids. In fact, they all are in New York. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=5979.0,6006.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/484","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The oldest is 60 . .\n. what? 60 plus. 60 plus. She was born in 198 . . . 1908, was it?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=6006.0,6019.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/485","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RHEA: What?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=6019.0,6020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/486","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: When was she born?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=6020.0,6023.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/487","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RHEA: Jeanette?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=6023.0,6024.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/488","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: Jeanette.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=6024.0,6025.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/489","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RHEA: She was born in Europe in 1945, I think.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=6025.0,6031.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/490","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: That's it. Thank you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=6031.0,6034.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/491","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RHEA: 1946, I don't ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=6034.0,6036.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/492","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"know.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=6036.0,6037.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/493","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: That was my . . . it was the greatest joy imaginable. This was a birth\nout of . . . hell, a birth. My father, my mother, all the existing relatives . .\n. there weren't too many left . . . they were delighted. We went ahead and had a\nbig celebration. My . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=6037.0,6066.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/494","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":". . Jeanette. That's her name . . . I was trying to think.\nShe was delighted. She was . . . always called me. The other two didn't. The\nother two blamed me for her parents, their parents' demise. Not the parents, but\nthe ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=6066.0,6096.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/495","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"mother. They thought that [since] I'm here, a professor. I must own the\nwhole place.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=6096.0,6104.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/496","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RUTH: They're in Israel, right? You said . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=6104.0,6109.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/497","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: Buried. The mother is buried in Israel, and the girls are here. I think\none of the things that my sister . . . rest in peace . . . was my\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=6109.0,6126.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/498","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"brother-in-law. They thought that I [had] money. I didn't. I was able to manage\nwhatever I had to bring it into a little bit of happiness. My brother-in-law\ndidn't, unfortunately. He never, never actually . . . actually, for a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=6126.0,6156.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/499","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"while he\nwas very happy. I bought a car just before I went to the army. I said, \"Here.\nNicky, do me a favor. Take care of the car while I am in the army.\" [It] made\nhim the happiest man in the world. He would clean the car practically every\nsingle day. The motors, everything. That was his ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=6156.0,6186.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/500","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"happiness.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=6186.0,6186.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/501","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RUTH: Can I ask a quick question? We kind of skipped over this part, but\nwhat was it like for you to leave Europe and come to America?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=6186.0,6197.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/502","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: What was it left?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=6197.0,6199.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/503","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RUTH: No. What did it feel like, to you, to leave Europe and come to America?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=6199.0,6205.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/504","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: The greatest joy. The greatest joy. I don't mention these things, but as\na child I always said to my mother, \"When I grow up, I'll go to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=6205.0,6216.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/505","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"America. I'll\nbuild you a home. A nice, nice home.\" You know something? I almost did it. Not\nnecessarily for my mother, but I did it for [my wife]. I built my own home and\nalso built furniture. You name it! I'm very proud of what I did. Not too ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=6216.0,6246.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/506","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"many\npeople can say that they actually went and built a house and furniture, etc.. I did.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=6246.0,6255.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/507","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: Did the war experience affect your sense of Jewishness in any way? Did you\nbecome more or less or different?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=6255.0,6266.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/508","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: Well, I have to tell you something. Very good point. I have never, never\nlost my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=6266.0,6275.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/509","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewishness. It happens that when you are in the state that we were, we\nweren't able to do this and able to do that because of the situation. I was able\nto literally . . . I don't know how to say it. I actually overcame ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=6275.0,6305.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/510","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"hazards.\nOvercame . . . the fear. I was able to manage what I did. There were times that,\nas you said, \"What did you do?\" I did my best. I'll never forget, I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=6305.0,6335.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/511","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"came to\nRhea and I said, \"Honey, I'd like to build a house.\" She didn't say it was\nmishegaas [Yiddish: \"craziness\"], you're crazy, she said, \"Fine. Go ahead,\" and\nI went ahead, I actually built a house. The house was huge. The living room, the\ndining room, everything ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=6335.0,6365.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/512","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was something . . . [Bramy looks at his wife] She\ndoesn't want me to talk about it. It was a very nice home. Now, of course, we\nlive in this one. This is just as nice, but it's not what I have dreamt.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=6365.0,6381.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/513","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: How did you get from New York to Atlanta or to the South at least?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=6381.0,6387.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/514","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: Now, if you had grandchildren . . . what do you think . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=6387.0,6393.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/515","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RHEA: How'd we get to the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=6393.0,6395.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/516","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"South?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=6395.0,6395.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/517","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: Oh, the South? Oh, I . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=6395.0,6398.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/518","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: Got tired of the snow?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=6398.0,6400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/519","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: No, no, no. We still have a connection to the South. We have a condo . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=6400.0,6406.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/520","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RHEA: No, we went to Southern California, [to] USC, and he got his PhD there. We\nwanted to come back to the East Coast. He had a lot of offers, but we took the\none in North Carolina and that was about it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=6406.0,6420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/521","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RUTH: Which? You said it was [in] Greenville [North Carolina]?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=6420.0,6423.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/522","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=6423.0,6423.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/523","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Greenville, North Carolina.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=6423.0,6425.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/524","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RHEA: East Carolina University.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=6425.0,6427.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/525","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: I went like this . . . [Bramy pretends to flip a coin] to see which it's\ngoing to be. [Indistinct: 1:47:09] it was and we enjoyed it. It was a small\ntown. Now it's a big town . . . medical or whatever. While I was there, it's\njust ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=6427.0,6453.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/526","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"perfect. I was involved in . . . both my wife and I were involved in\nJudaism. We were involved in . . . there were a lot of things.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=6453.0,6469.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/527","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RUTH: You said you were on the Holocaust Commission?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=6469.0,6474.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/528","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: Yes. I was on the Holocaust Commission. I . . . see some people join the\nHolocaust ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=6474.0,6483.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/529","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Commission to get the point, \"Let's remember.\" To me, it was the most\nimportant thing. Not for me, but for the entire group.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=6483.0,6498.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/530","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: We'll talk about how when you started having kids, what was it like\nswitching to being parents?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=6498.0,6510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/531","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: We had our first ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=6510.0,6513.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/532","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"one . . . we got married. Well, what happened . . . I\ndidn't tell you how we got married.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=6513.0,6523.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/533","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: No.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=6523.0,6524.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/534","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: We went to a meeting. She went separately, and I went separately. We\ndidn't know each other. My little dear wife, I walked over to her and I said,\n\"Are you doing anything tonight?\" She looked at me like, \"You['re] ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=6524.0,6543.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/535","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"crazy.\" I\nsaid, \"Can I have your telephone number?\" No. \"Come on. Please. I want your\ntelephone number.\" To get rid of me, [she] says she'll give me [the] wrong\ntelephone number, but the good Lord says you cannot lie, and she didn't. She\ngave me the right telephone number, which I used that particular evening to\ncall. Her brother was delighted. Why? Because if she gets a boy, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=6543.0,6573.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/536","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"then she would\nleave the house and he could have the bed.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=6573.0,6581.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/537","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RHEA: He wanted my bedroom.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=6581.0,6584.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/538","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: At any rate . . . I met her, we had an appointment, I think . . . was it\nthe same week? Whatever. Anyway, I went ahead and I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=6584.0,6603.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/539","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"said, \"Let's go somewhere.\"\nWe went to a theater, and that was a Monday or Tuesday. A week later, we got engaged.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=6603.0,6615.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/540","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RHEA: Oh, no. That's exaggerated.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=6615.0,6618.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/541","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: No? You don't believe that?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=6618.0,6621.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/542","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RHEA: No, it was about six weeks later.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=6621.0,6626.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/543","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: Six weeks, excuse me. When did we get married?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=6626.0,6632.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/544","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RHEA: Five ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=6632.0,6633.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/545","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"months later.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=6633.0,6634.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/546","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: We [got] married. We went . . . the only reason she accepted marriage is\nbecause I told her we were going to Europe. \"Wow!\" We spent all our money, [we]\ncame back, and we had very good friends. Still alive, thank God. She lent us\nsome money . . . never charged us a penny for it . . . and we bought the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=6634.0,6663.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/547","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"house.\nWe were very foolish, we sold it immediately, we should have kept it because . .\n. the house . . . ? Rhea, help me please.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=6663.0,6677.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/548","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RHEA: No, we didn't sell it immediately. We rented it when we went to California.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=6677.0,6684.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/549","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=6684.0,6685.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/550","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RHEA: Then we sold it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=6685.0,6687.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/551","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: Then we sold it. [It] was a nice trip. It was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=6687.0,6693.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/552","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a three year trip to\nCalifornia. I'm amazed that the things we have done.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=6693.0,6701.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/553","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RHEA: Our daughter was born there. Collette was born in California.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=6701.0,6707.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/554","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: What was it like being a father for the first time?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=6707.0,6714.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/555","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: Yes. You know, when I [became a] father, they went ahead, and they said,\n\"Mr. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=6714.0,6723.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/556","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Resnik, you have a daughter.\" I said, \"Where are you?\" He was in the microphone.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=6723.0,6730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/557","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RHEA: They didn't let men in the delivery room then. They had an intercom system.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=6730.0,6737.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/558","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: It was nice. It was a beautiful, beautiful present. I enjoyed it and my\ndaughter was my . . . then two years later . . . three years later, I had my\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=6737.0,6753.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/559","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"son. I have a daughter who is a lawyer and the son who's an engineer. I cannot complain.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=6753.0,6764.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/560","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RUTH: What are their names?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=6764.0,6767.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/561","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: The girl's name is Colette Beth Steel. Now, it's Steel. Before, it was\nResnik. The boy is Howard Resnik. [He] has a beautiful wife and a gorgeous,\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=6767.0,6783.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/562","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"gorgeous, gorgeous little girl. She's how old, honey? Three years old. She's\ndelightful, smart as Dickens.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=6783.0,6793.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/563","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RHEA: [Rhea gestures off camera] Those are the three here.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=6793.0,6800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/564","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: Those are three from here. This is the one from . . . you know, I had a\npoint ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=6800.0,6813.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/565","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where . . . I was interviewed. The title was: \"I Defeated Hitler.\" She\ndidn't know about it, woke up next morning, big titles: Resnik Defeated Hitler.\nI did defeat . . . to stay ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=6813.0,6843.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/566","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"alive, having two wonderful children, and was able to\nactually continue life. It was a big article. I don't remember where it is now.\nAnyway . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=6843.0,6857.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/567","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: How do you suppose you're different than other immigrants who didn't go\nthrough the same experience?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=6857.0,6865.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/568","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: I think most.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=6865.0,6867.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/569","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: How do you suppose it changed you?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=6867.0,6871.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/570","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: I think that most ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=6871.0,6873.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/571","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"immigrants suffered one way or another. For me to say\nthat mine is different [from] theirs. I couldn't do that. I will say this much:\nthat whoever has the guts to go ahead and discuss this with someone like over\nhere . . . he does a beautiful job. My ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=6873.0,6903.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/572","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"son, of course, he didn't want to be\nexposed. Neither did my daughter, but she found out that the importance is to\ntell the world. I didn't want to, but my wife stressed. My children eventually .\n. . and I can say this much . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=6903.0,6933.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/573","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they are my greatest support. Greatest. I\ncannot say anything about them. They are just fantastic. They are the best\nchildren in the world. Everyone has the best children. Of course.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=6933.0,6951.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/574","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: Do you ever wonder why you in particular have managed to survive? Does\nthat question ever come up?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=6951.0,6962.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/575","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=6962.0,6963.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/576","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yes. I look at it and I say, \"the good Lord.\" That's all I can say. I\nwake up in the morning . . . this has a joke to it . . . I wake up in the\nmorning, I look up, I say, \"Thank you God.\" My friend says \"I got a better one\nfor you. I wake up in the morning,\" he says, \"I go to the newspaper and check my\nname there.\" ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=6963.0,6993.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/577","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Anyway, it's . . . you know, when you think that . . . we had a\nfriend who passed away. What's the name again? Runia [indistinct: 1:56:49]. She\nhad a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=6993.0,7023.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/578","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"brother who was a . . . brother or a cousin?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=7023.0,7030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/579","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RHEA: I thought they were in Auschwitz?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=7030.0,7034.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/580","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: Yes, they were in Auschwitz. They have a . . . her parents owned\npractically a whole city in Poland. [Indistinct: 1:57:26] Trying to get the\nPolish people to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=7034.0,7053.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/581","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"pay for that. At any rate, she did a good job. Raising a\ndoctor, and a nurse. Children's children . . . beautiful. I can say this much,\nI'm not . . . I wasn't a millionaire, my parents were not millionaires. But, we\nwere able to survive. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=7053.0,7083.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/582","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We were to give our children the best education that the\nparents can give. That is very important to me. We'll see what the world will say.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=7083.0,7094.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/583","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: Well, if somebody's watching this, like 100 years from now . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=7094.0,7100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/584","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"[Interview pauses, then resumes]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=7100.0,7102.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/585","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: . . . Have the question, if somebody will be watching this in a museum,\ntwo generations from now, what would you want them to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=7102.0,7113.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/586","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"learn as lessons? Not so\nmuch historical information, but what should they get out of this?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=7113.0,7123.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/587","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: There's first of all, there's good and there is bad in the world.\n[indistinct: 1:58:42] But, you cannot go ahead and . . . not subside, but when\nthere's ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=7123.0,7143.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/588","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"bad, to go ahead and stay with the bad. You have to give it, to take it.\nI don't know how to [indistinct: 1:59:16: possibly 'forge] it. I'm sorry.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=7143.0,7162.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/589","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: Well, maybe another way to ask, since you've studied German literature and\nhistory an awful lot. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=7162.0,7173.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/590","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"How do you explain that a country that had that much\nculture and depth and philosophy . . . ?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=7173.0,7182.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/591","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: Very sad. Very sad.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=7182.0,7184.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/592","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: How come they couldn't use all that brilliance when times got tough?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=7184.0,7190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/593","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: They chose only antisemites. Like, what's his name . . . ? I'm trying to\nthink [of] his name.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=7190.0,7199.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/594","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RUTH: Hitler?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=7199.0,7200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/595","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: No, no, no, no, I'm talking ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=7200.0,7203.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/596","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=7203.0,7205.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/597","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RUTH: After? After the war?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=7205.0,7207.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/598","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: No. Even during the war and then after the war, because the Jews didn't\nwant to hear it. What's his name, honey?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=7207.0,7217.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/599","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RUTH: We're all failing you too.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=7217.0,7220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/600","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: Walter . . . ? Sorry, I don't . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=7220.0,7225.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/601","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RUTH: We don't know either, let's just . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=7225.0,7229.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/602","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: No, I know. It's on my tongue.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=7229.0,7232.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/603","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: But ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=7232.0,7233.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/604","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"he was one of the leaders? One of his associates, you mean?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=7233.0,7238.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/605","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: Well, he was one that believed in antisemitism and one who . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=7238.0,7244.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/606","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RUTH: Göring?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=7244.0,7245.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/607","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: No, no, no, not . . . he was a poet.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=7245.0,7250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/608","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RHEA: Some kind of philosopher.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=7250.0,7252.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/609","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: Philosopher . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=7252.0,7254.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/610","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RHEA: Schopenhauer?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=7254.0,7255.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/611","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: Schopenhauer was not! [It] was not Schopenhauer. Rhea Resnik!","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=7255.0,7259.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/612","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: Bogner?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=7259.0,7260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/613","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: No, I'm trying to think.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=7260.0,7262.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/614","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RUTH: Oh, you mean the guy with the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=7262.0,7265.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/615","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"name's . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=7265.0,7267.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/616","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"[Interview pauses, then resumes]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=7267.0,7269.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/617","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: He was the antisemite, Rhea.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=7269.0,7272.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/618","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RUTH: What was his name?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=7272.0,7275.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/619","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: Wagner. Yes. See, even [the dog] knows that and I didn't know it!","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=7275.0,7282.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/620","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: Well what's your understanding of the German people as to why, when the\neconomy got bad and so on, why they took that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=7282.0,7295.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/621","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"direction instead of some other direction?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=7295.0,7298.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/622","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: That's a very good point. I personally think that's the poor choice.\nGermans made a big mistake. Of course, they say we couldn't do anything because\nhe had already the power. That's not true. There were so many national . . . so\nmany people who were against it . . . could have ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=7298.0,7325.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/623","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"easily have toppled him. But\nthey didn't. That's why they suffered. Germany lost close to 50 million . . . 60\nmillion people.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=7325.0,7337.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/624","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: Well, I think everybody, including the Russians, altogether . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=7337.0,7343.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/625","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: . . . Forget about the Russians, I'm talking German only. The Russians,\nyou kidding? The Russians lost close to about 100 million ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=7343.0,7355.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/626","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"people.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=7355.0,7355.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/627","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RHEA: That many?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=7355.0,7356.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/628","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RUTH: They lost so many.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=7356.0,7358.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/629","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RHEA: They all lost a lot.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=7358.0,7361.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/630","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=7361.0,7362.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/631","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: Do you think that the Jewish people should learn anything in particular\nfrom that whole . . . ?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=7362.0,7372.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/632","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: It's very true.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=7372.0,7374.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/633","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: What should be learned on this end?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=7374.0,7378.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/634","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: Well, that's a good . . . apple pie to chew. I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=7378.0,7384.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/635","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"do feel that we . . . owe\nthe world something, in spite of the fact that the world owes us . . . that we\nowe the world. We need to express our feelings to the world. Hopefully what we\nhave learned through all the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=7384.0,7414.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/636","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"45 . . . somewhat 60, somewhat years, I think that\nshould be important for the world. See that little yellow thing? You know what\nit is? Rhea, can you please honey? [Rhea grabs something off ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=7414.0,7444.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/637","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"camera] I read this\nvery often. All right. This is about world Jewry. It has all kinds of things.\n[It] focuses on antisemitism, goodness, and bad. They find, for example, a 1500\nyear old shul, meaning temple. It's incredible, the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=7444.0,7474.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/638","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"things that are discovered.\nThe Jews, of course . . . now, you must understand that the Jews suffered a lot.\nThey tried to do things . . . [Bramy ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=7474.0,7504.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/639","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"reads the paper]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=7504.0,7506.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/640","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"[Interview pauses, then resumes]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=7506.0,7508.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/641","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: I volunteer to the world Jewry.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=7508.0,7512.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/642","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RUTH: Why is it important to you? After you suffered so much for being a\nJew, how do you . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=7512.0,7525.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/643","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: Just because I suffered being a Jew, I have to do to best for ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=7525.0,7534.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/644","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewry. Oh\nno, no, I would never leave the Jewry. Just because I suffered, I should go and\nleave it? No, I would never do that. [Bramy looks at the paper] Israel, boosting\ntrade with China.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=7534.0,7550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/645","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: Going into the future . . . not to get into politics too much . . . you\nwere saying how you're afraid that your kids and grandkids are going ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=7550.0,7564.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/646","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to . . .\nyou know, it's going to be worse. What in particular are you afraid of? I mean,\nrelated to Jewishness or is this something else?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=7564.0,7578.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/647","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: No, in general.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=7578.0,7580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/648","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: [In] general.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=7580.0,7582.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/649","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: Jewishness cannot suffer by itself. No, it's the world. Because bombs . .\n. that exists. I was watching this morning about ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=7582.0,7594.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/650","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this . . . the meshugana [Yiddish:\n\"crazy person\"] that created all these bombs and they had to go over it and blow\nthe whole area. No, that's fine and good. But now what we're going to do, we\nblew it up. What are you going to do? Now, of course, you have to train people\nwho know about it. What can ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=7594.0,7624.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/651","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"happen if you find a meshugana [Yiddish: \"crazy\nperson\"] like this guy? I am convinced that leaving it as is . . . it's going to\njust let the guy build more little bombs.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=7624.0,7637.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/652","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RHEA: He's in jail.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=7637.0,7639.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/653","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: He's in jail. But you get a judge who doesn't know any better and he\nsays, \"Oh, poor guy. Let's let him out.\".","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=7639.0,7648.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/654","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: Do you have any prophecies about the Middle East? Do you have any\nprophecies? What do you ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=7648.0,7655.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/655","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"think's going to happen in the next 10 or 20 years?\nWhat's your guess?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=7655.0,7665.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/656","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: Well, one of the things is that . . . I'm not the guy to prophesize this,\nbut I think that we have to [indistinct: 2:07:48] the Arabs must ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=7665.0,7685.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/657","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"understand that\nJudaism is an extremely . . . number one: old group, and number two: we are\nfighting, just as they are fighting now. Except they have more power. You don't\nrealize it, but they have more power than we have. They can go ahead and live\nany [part] of land. But no, they are stubborn. They want to own the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=7685.0,7715.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/658","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"land that\nbelongs now to Israel. They want to destroy it or take it away. It's not going\nto be . . . not going to be. Not as long as people like myself are alive.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=7715.0,7731.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/659","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: Can you think of anything to add here?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=7731.0,7735.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/660","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RUTH: Are there any other stories or memories that you have of . . .\nfrom any of this time we've been talking ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=7735.0,7745.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/661","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about, which would be 81 years? Are\nthere any other stories that you would like to put on tape for your children or\ngrandchildren? Anything that comes to mind?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=7745.0,7759.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/662","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: Not now, sweetheart.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=7759.0,7761.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/663","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RUTH: No? Okay.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=7761.0,7762.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/664","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: I am looking forward that all these stories that we have, should be just\nmemories and not realities. If we can have these realities ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=7762.0,7774.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/665","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"obliterated, maybe, I\ndon't know, maybe, we may have a better world.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=7774.0,7788.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/666","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOHN: Well, thank you for telling us your history.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=7788.0,7798.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/transcript/68672/annotation/667","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRAMY: You're certainly welcome, sir.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=7798.0,7804.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/annotation_set/1421","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Annotations [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/annotation_set/1421/annotation/668","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e Bramy Resnik (1929-2016) was a Jewish man who grew up on the precipice of World War II. Born on June 29, 1929, in Prague, Czechoslovakia, to Berta and Herman Resnik, Bramy grew up alongside his older sister, Sylvie, traveling across Europe. With the German invasion of Poland, Bramy was sent to Theresienstadt, and later to a labor camp in Mohyliv. After liberation, Bramy lived in Germany, where he worked on the black market before immigrating to the United States. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=0.0,16.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/annotation_set/1421/annotation/669","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e Atlanta, Georgia is the capital and largest city in the state of Georgia. During the American Civil War it was a strategically important city for the Confederacy until it was captured in 1864. The city was almost entirely burnt to the ground during General William Sherman’s March to the Sea. After the war, the city rebounded and became a national industrial center.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=0.0,16.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/annotation_set/1421/annotation/670","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e Belgium is a county in northwestern Europe. It bordered by the Netherlands to the north, Germany to the east, France to the southwest and Luxembourg to the southeast. It's capital is Brussels.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=61.0,67.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/annotation_set/1421/annotation/671","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e When the Germans conquered Belgium in May 1940, between 65,000 and 70,000 Jews lived in Belgium. The overwhelming majority were foreign and stateless Jews that had sought refuge in Belgium. In the summer of 1940, some German Jews were deported from Belgium to the Gurs and St. Cyprien internment camps in southern France. The overwhelming majority were immigrants and refugees. Approximately 29,000 Jews in Belgium perished during the Holocaust.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=61.0,67.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/annotation_set/1421/annotation/672","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e The systematic, government-sponsored attempt by the German Nazi government to annihilate the Jews of Europe between 1939 and 1945, which resulted in the deaths of 6,000,000 Jews.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=121.0,136.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/annotation_set/1421/annotation/673","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e The Bata Corporation is a multinational footwear, apparel, and fashion accessories manufacturer created in Austria-Hungary (Czech Republic) on September 21, 1894. Bata was founded by siblings, Antonín Baťa, Tomáš Baťa, and Anna Baťová\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=151.0,173.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/annotation_set/1421/annotation/674","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e Czechoslovakia is the common reference for the Czechoslovak Republic, a state that was established by the Versailles Treaty in 1918 from several provinces after the dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian state at the end of World War I. After the Nazi Party came to power in 1933, Germany demanded the “return” of the Sudetenland—a border area of Czechoslovakia where 3 million ethnic Germans lived, which had been taken away from Germany and the Austro-Hungarian Empire after World War I. In late summer 1938, Hitler threatened war unless the area was ceded to Germany. At the same time, Hungary annexed territory in southern Slovakia and Poland annexed part of Silesia. In an effort to ensure peace, Adolf Hitler, Benito Mussolini, French Premier Edouard Daladier, and British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain signed the Munich Pact on September 30, 1938, which gave the Sudetenland to Hitler. In the wake of the Munich Pact, the leaders of the democratic government in Czechoslovakia resigned. The state restructured itself into an authoritarian regime and was renamed Czecho-Slovakia. External demands on its territory continued to plague the state, however. Encouraged by Germany, Hungary annexed territory in southern Slovakia in the autumn of 1938 and Poland annexed the Tešin District of Czech Silesia. Then on March 15, 1939, Germany invaded and occupied the Czech provinces of Bohemia and Moravia. The Germans split what remained of Czechoslovakia into Slovakia (an independent state with a fascist, authoritarian regime that allied with Germany) and the rest was merged into the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia in the Greater German Reich. Two months later, in May, Hungary seized and annexed Subcarpathian Rus. In just two decades, Czechoslovakia had disappeared from the map.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=151.0,173.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/annotation_set/1421/annotation/675","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e Odessa is the third largest city in Ukraine and is a major seaport and transportation hub located on the northwestern shore of the Black Sea.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=221.0,241.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/annotation_set/1421/annotation/676","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e World War II (abbreviated WWII or WW2) was a global war involving fighting in most of the world and most countries. Most countries fought in the years 1939–1945 but some started fighting in 1937. Most of the world's countries, including all the great powers, fought as part of two military alliances: the Allies and the Axis Powers. World War II was the largest and deadliest conflict in all of history. It involved more countries, cost more money, involved more people, and killed more people than any other war in history. Between 50 to 85 million people died. The majority were civilians. It included massacres, the deliberate genocide of the Holocaust, strategic bombing, starvation, disease, and the only use of nuclear weapons against civilians in history.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=302.0,322.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/annotation_set/1421/annotation/677","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e Yiddish is the common historical language of Ashkenazi Jews from Central and Eastern Europe. It is heavily Germanic based but uses the Hebrew alphabet. The language was spoken or understood as a common tongue for many European Jews up until the middle of the twentieth century. Although the terms “Yiddish” and “Yid” are sometimes used to refer to Jews, Yiddish is a reference to a person's language and not necessarily their ethnicity, religion, or culture. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=327.0,332.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/annotation_set/1421/annotation/678","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe term “concentration camp” refers to a camp in which people are detained or confined, usually under harsh conditions and without regard to legal norms of arrest and imprisonment that are acceptable in a constitutional democracy. In Nazi Germany between 1933 and 1945, concentration camps (Konzentrationslager; briefly “KL” or “KZ”) were an integral feature of the regime. The Nazis differentiated between concentration camps, which were used to contain slave laborers and prisoners of the Nazi state, and extermination camps, whose primary purpose was the systematic killing of prisoners. Shortly after coming to power in 1933, the Nazis began to set up a series of concentration camps across Germany. Those were mostly local initiatives: facilities that the SA, SS, and police established on an ad hoc basis, where they would detain and abuse real and imagined enemies of the regime. By 1934, there were over 100 of these early camps in operation. When the Nazi regime came to power, they systematically persecuted both Jewish and non-Jewish Germans perceived to be opponents of the regime. Political opponents (Communists, Social Democrats, liberals) were some of the first victims housed in “temporary” detention centers like Lichtenburg. Jews, homosexuals, Freemasons, Jehovah's Witnesses, clergy who opposed the Nazis, and any others whose behavior—real or perceived—could be interpreted as being in opposition to Nazi political and racial ideologies were also persecuted and incarcerated. The Nazi regime refused to tolerate criticism, dissent, or nonconformity from the German people. Non-Jewish German political activists were treated harshly but other political opponents remained potentially valuable members of the German race. The goal behind their internment in and subsequent release from concentration camps was often a kind of reeducation that would see them fall into line with the regime’s political and racial ideologies. Between 1933 and 1939, tens of thousands of Germans were sentenced by the criminal courts. If authorities were confident of a conviction in court, the prisoner was turned over to the justice system for trial. If the outcome of criminal proceedings were unsatisfactory, the acquitted citizen or the citizen who was sentenced to a suspended sentence would still be taken into “protective detention” and incarcerated in a concentration camp. The first concentration camps were established in 1933. Various authorities set up the makeshift “camps” in empty warehouses, factories, and other locations. Camps were established in Oranienburg, north of Berlin; Esterwegen, near Hamburg; Dachau, northwest of Munich; and Lichtenburg, in Saxony. By the end of July 1933, almost 27,000 people were housed in these camps. Most of the prisoners were political opponents of the Nazi regime. By the end of 1934, most of these early camps were disbanded and replaced by a centrally organized concentration camp system under the exclusive jurisdiction of the SS.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=332.0,362.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/annotation_set/1421/annotation/679","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eZionism is a movement which supports a Jewish national state in the territory defined as the Land of Israel. Although Zionism existed before the nineteenth century, in the 1890s Theodor Herzl popularized it and gave it a new urgency, as he believed that Jewish life in Europe was threatened and a State of Israel was needed. The State of Israel was established in 1948 and Zionism today is expressed as support for the continued existence of Israel.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=367.0,376.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/annotation_set/1421/annotation/680","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAdolf Hitler (1889-1945) was a German politician who was the leader of the Nazi Party, Chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945, and Führer (“leader”) of Nazi Germany from 1934 to 1945. As dictator of Nazi Germany, he initiated World War II in Europe with the invasion of Poland in September 1939 and was a central figure of the Holocaust.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAdolf Hitler applied for entrance into the Academy of Fine Arts in Vienna, Austria twice and was twice rejected, once in 1907 and again in 1908. For the next five years, Hitler struggled to earn money by selling small paintings, mostly images of buildings and other landmarks in Vienna that he copied from postcards. By 1914, Hitler was serving in World War I and would later enter politics. In his autobiographical manifesto, Mein Kampf, Hitler claimed that his antisemitic views formed during his time as a struggling artist in Vienna. His frustrated art career became part of the myth making—by Hitler himself and by his followers—that helped drive his fateful rise to power in Germany.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eHitler was drafted for Austrian military service at the beginning of World War I but turned down due to lack of fitness. After moving to Germany, he enlisted as a German soldier in the summer of 1914 and was deployed to Belgium in October. Over the next two years, Hitler served first as an infantryman and then as a private. He won two decorations for bravery, including the Iron Cross First Class and was wounded twice. He was recovering from his second injury when the war ended.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eHitler loved animals in general, but his favorite were dogs and especially German Shepherds. He was known to have had several dogs during his lifetime.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=376.0,392.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/annotation_set/1421/annotation/681","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eParis, France is the capital city and largest city in France. The city dates back to approximately 259 BC. In June 1940, the German army marched into Paris and took control of the city. In July 1942, the German military ordered that the French police arrest over 12,000 Jews, who after being held for five days were transported by train to Auschwitz. The city was liberated by the French and American forces in August 1944.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=482.0,494.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/annotation_set/1421/annotation/682","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e Antisemitism is prejudice against, hostility to, or hatred of Jews.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=571.0,594.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/annotation_set/1421/annotation/683","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e The Theresienstadt (Terezín) \"camp-ghetto\" near Prague in the present-day Czech Republic was opened in late 1941 and existed until May 1945. It served as a ghetto, an assembly camp, and a concentration camp. In the course of its existence, approximately 140,000 Jews from Germany, Austria, and about one third of the Jewish population of Bohemia and Moravia were sent to Theresienstadt. Roughly 33,000 died in Theresienstadt itself due to starvation and disease. Nearly 90,000 Jews were deported from Thereseinstadt to other ghettos, concentration camps, and extermination camps in Nazi-occupied Eastern Europe.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=844.0,852.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/annotation_set/1421/annotation/684","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e Bechyně is a town in the Southern Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=858.0,873.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/annotation_set/1421/annotation/685","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e Both the Russian and German armies invaded Poland in September 1939. On September 28, Germany and the Soviet Union reached an agreement partitioning Poland and outlining their zones of occupation. A demarcation line for the partition of German- and Russian-occupied Poland was established along the Bug River, between Krakow and Lvov. It is estimated that the number of refugees who crossed from the German-occupied part of Poland to the areas annexed by the Soviet Union totaled about 300,000. The Russians left the border freely open to traffic until the end of October 1939. From then until the end of 1939 a small number of persons still crossed the border. After that, it was completely sealed. Some refugees still attempted to sneak across the heavily guarded border, often at great danger. Those caught trying to cross between occupation zones or trying to flee without papers faced arrest and arbitrary violence at the hands of both Russian and German border guards. The demarcation line would remain in effect until June 22, 1941, when the Germans invaded the Soviet Union in a military campaign codenamed Operation “Barbarossa.” \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=1024.0,1054.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/annotation_set/1421/annotation/686","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWhen Czechoslovakia was annexed and occupied by Germany and Hungary in 1938, hundreds of Jewish refugees fled to Bratislava, the capital of the newly established Slovak Republic. According to a census of December 15, 1940, there were about 88,951 Jews in Slovakia. Though nominally independent, Slovakia was highly dependent on Nazi Germany after the dismemberment of Czechoslovakia. Jews were not under direct German rule but were subject to a regime that strove to follow National Socialist ideals. The Slovak Republic fell under the leadership of a Catholic priest, Jozef Tiso. His right-wing party (called the Hlinka [Slovak: People’s] party) established a fascist, authoritarian, one-party dictatorship, strongly influenced by the separatist Catholic clerical hierarchy in internal policy and closely allied with Nazi Germany. Between 1939 and 1940, the government passed a series of anti-Jewish laws that increasingly disenfranchised Jews, separating them both economically and socially from the rest of the country. The Slovak Parliament passed a bill in September 1940 making it possible for the government to acquire Jewish industrial and commercial enterprises in a process known as \"Aryanization.\" Under increasing pressure from Germany, the Slovakian government adopted “The Jewish Code” in 1941, which established labor camps for Jews. Between March and October 1942, the Slovak authorities concentrated over 58,000 Slovak Jews in labor and concentration camps. In September 1941 there were some 80 centers for forced labor in Slovakia, employing 5,440 Jewish men. At the end of 1941 many of these centers closed, and the Slovakian Jews—including women and children—were concentrated in three labor camps located within Slovakian borders – Sered, Novaky and Vyhne. In March 1942, Slovakia signed an agreement with Germany that permitted the deportation of the Slovak Jews. Between March and October 1942, 58,645 Jews were deported in 57 transports from transit camps in Zilina, Novaky, Michalovce, Sered, Poprad, Spisska Nova Ves, and Patronka—a temporary camp that had been erected in an abandoned factory on the outskirts of Bratislava. German authorities killed virtually all of the Slovakian Jews in Auschwitz-Birkenau, Lublin/Majdanek, Sobibor and other locations in German-occupied Poland. Prior to deportations beginning, the three main camps where Slovakian Jews were being concentrated were Sered, Novaky, and Vyhne. In Sered and Novaky, empty military buildings were adapted to house the Jewish workers. In Vyhne, the labor camp was erected within an abandoned medical facility. At the beginning of 1942 the factories in Vyhne began producing goods, and 300 Jewish trained professionals were transferred to Sered in order to set up a cement factory and a carpentry shop. The workshops in Novaky began operation in March 1942, at the same time as the deportations began. In 1942, a number of buildings in Sered, Vyhne and Novaky functioned as a concentration camp to serve the deportation policy, separated from the work camp by boundaries, and supervised by armed guards. When the deportations had ceased in November 1942, Sered, Vyhne and Novaky housed some 2,200 Jews. On May 31, 1943 the other camps were formally disbanded and the remaining \"work Jews\" were concentrated in the camps at Sered, Novaky, and Vyhne. Initially, the Slovakian government believed the Slovakian Jews were being sent to Germany as laborers. Contact was established at a very early stage between the deportees and the Jews left behind in Slovakia. As a result, the Jewish organizations in Slovakia and other neutral countries soon learned that the German authorities were actually murdering the Slovak Jews in German-occupied Poland. The Slovakian government, who was increasingly under pressure from the Vatican and others who had heard the reports, halted deportations in the autumn of 1942. By then, nearly three-fourths of the entire Slovakian Jewish population had already been killed. When the deportations of Slovakian Jews stopped in the autumn of 1942, most members of the semi-underground Jewish organization Pracovna Skupina [Slovak: Working Group] believed that they had succeeded in putting a stop to the deportations from Slovakia thanks to the bribes they had paid SS officer Dieter Wislieceny. The pause in deportations lasted for two years, during which time negotiations took place for the so-called Europa Plan—an ill-fated attempt to save all the Jews in Europe by paying ransom. The pause was really only a respite for the 24,000 remaining Slovakian Jews and deportations began again in the autumn of 1944. In June 1943, there were more than 3,000 Jews in the work camps at Novaky, Sered, and Vyhne and some 650 Jewish forced laborers in various other labor centers. The Working Group's bribes of Slovak officials, which led to the opening of the work camps is therefore believed to have saved as many as 4,000 Slovak Jews from certain death. Although the work camps in Sered, Novaky, and Vyhne were successful in preventing the deportations of an estimated 4,000 Jews who were employed there between 1942 and 1944, it is not known how many of those survived after the Slovak Uprising in the autumn of 1944. The camps were dismantled during the uprising and the Jews who had been held there escaped. Some Jews chose to join in the fighting, while others hid or assumed false identities as Aryans. A minority escaped to Hungary. After the uprising, German forces entered Slovakia, and together with loyal Slovakian forces, put down the uprising. Approximately 12,600 Jews were concentrated in Sered and deported to Auschwitz-Birkenau, Theresienstadt, and other camps in Germany. An estimated 3,500 were also killed fighting with partisans or after being caught in hiding. Perhaps half of the Jews deported out of Slovakia during and just after the uprising ended in October 1944 survived. In all, between 70,000 and 75,000 Slovakian Jews (over 80 percent of Slovakia’s total Jewish population) are estimated to have died during World War II. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=1234.0,1264.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/annotation_set/1421/annotation/687","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eKiev was the capital of Ukraine when the Germans invaded the Soviet Union in June 1941. Over 160,000, or 20 percent, of the city’s population was Jewish. Nearly 100,000 Jews had fled Kiev by the time German forces entered the city on September 19, 1941. The 60,000 who remained were killed in a series of massacres carried out by the Germans and their auxiliaries over the next few months. The most notorious massacre began on September 29, 1941. Over the course of two days, 33,771 Jews were killed in a ravine near Kiev called “Babi Yar,” in what was one of the largest mass murders at an individual location during World War II.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=1563.0,1593.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/annotation_set/1421/annotation/688","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBy September 1939, approximately 282,000 Jews had left Germany and 117,000 from annexed Austria. Of these, about 75,000 emigrated to Central and South America, with the largest numbers entering Argentina, Brazil, Chile, and Bolivia. Most Latin American nations were relatively open to immigrants until 1933. In the late 1930s, economic crises brought on by the Great Depression and growing antisemitism led many Latin American countries to tighten immigration laws (Mexico in 1937; Argentina in 1938; Cuba, Chile, Costa Rica, Colombia, Paraguay, and Uruguay in 1939). Latin American governments officially permitted only about 84,000 Jewish refugees to immigrate between 1933 and 1945, less than half the number admitted during the previous fifteen years. Others entered these countries through illegal channels. Between 1933 and 1939, between 15,000 and 20,000 Jews from Germany, Austria, and Czechoslovakia took advantage of Paraguay's liberal immigration laws to escape from Nazi-occupied Europe. Argentina, which had admitted 79,000 Jewish immigrants between 1918 and 1933, officially admitted only 24,000 between 1933 and 1943.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=1743.0,1773.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/annotation_set/1421/annotation/689","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e World War I, also called First World War or Great War, was an international conflict that in 1914–18 embroiled most of the nations of Europe along with Russia, the United States, the Middle East, and other regions. The war pitted the Central Powers—mainly Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Turkey—against the Allies—mainly France, Great Britain, Russia, Italy, Japan, and, from 1917, the United States. It ended with the defeat of the Central Powers.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=1743.0,1773.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/annotation_set/1421/annotation/690","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMogilev-Podolskiy [variously spelled: Mogilev-Podolsk, Mogilev-Podolsky; today: Mohyliv-Podilskiy, Ukraine) is near the present-day border of Ukraine and Romania, located close to the Dniester River. About 9,000 Jews lived in the town before the war, about 50 percent of the town’s population. It fell under Russian control until June 1941 when the Germans invaded the area. On July 19, 1941 German and Romania troops conducted a terrifying pogrom during which Jews were terrorized and murdered. Mogilev-Podolskiy’s proximity to the Romanian border meant that it served as the most important of five entry points into Ukraine among Jews forcibly driven out of Bukovina and northern Bessarabia by the Romanians. Thousands of people died on the way to Mogilev-Podolskiy due to shooting, hunger or exhaustion. About 25,000 Jewish deportees reached Mogilev-Podolskiy on foot in late July and early August 1941. In September 1941 Mogilev-Podolskiy was incorporated into the Transnistria region, which was then under Romanian control. The Romanians once again transferred tens of thousands of Jews from Bessarabia and Bukovina to the town. Subsequent mass deportations to Transnistria occurred from September to November 1941 and again in smaller numbers and usually by rail between May and June 1942. About 56,000 Jews passed through the town from September 15, 1941 to February 15, 1942. The deportees were held in very harsh conditions in a camp on the outskirts of town before being transferred. About 15,000 stayed in Mogilev-Podolskiy but most were deported to the east to other towns and villages. While others were being forced out, still other Jewish refugees arrived until, in January 1942, there were about 15,000 Jews there. In May 1942 the Romanians transferred about 4,000 Jews from Mogilev-Podolskiy to a work camp called Skazintsy, where many of them died. An open ghetto had existed since August 1941 when the deportees began to arrive. They established a Judenrat headed by Siegfried Jagendorf and they worked tirelessly to find the Jews places to live and work to ensure their future. In June 1942 a formal ghetto was established. The Jews had to build their own wall topped with barbed wire and the inhabitants were forced to wear a yellow star. The deportations to work camps continued, especially to a camp named Pechera. Few ultimately survived these camps. The Russians liberated Mogilev-Podolskiy on March 19, 1944 freeing the 3,000 surviving Jews. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=2073.0,2086.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/annotation_set/1421/annotation/691","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWith international pressure mounting, in 1945, Britain, unable to find a practical solution, referred the problem to the United Nations, which in November 1947 voted to partition Palestine into Jewish and Arab states in May 1948 when the British mandate was scheduled to end. After the British began the withdrawal of their military forces from Palestine in early April 1948, Zionist leaders moved to establish a modern Jewish state. On May 14, 1948—the day the British Mandate over Palestine expired—David Ben-Gurion, the chairman of the Jewish Agency for Palestine, announced the formation of the state of Israel. The next day, forces from Egypt, Transjordan, Syria, Lebanon, and Iraq invaded and war began.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=2259.0,2282.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/annotation_set/1421/annotation/692","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIn response to the German occupation throughout occupied Europe, partisans banded together to engage in guerrilla warfare against the Germans. Some Jews who managed to escape from ghettos and camps formed their own fighting units. These fighters, or partisans, were concentrated in densely wooded areas. A large group of partisans hid in a forest near the Lithuanian capital of Vilna. They were able to derail hundreds of trains and kill over 3,000 German soldiers. Life as a partisan was very difficult. People had to move from place to place to avoid discovery, raid farmers' food supplies to eat, and try to survive the winter in flimsy shelters built from logs and branches.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=2892.0,2896.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/annotation_set/1421/annotation/693","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eUntil the autumn of 1942, the German army was consistently victorious. By February 1943, however the tide began to change. After defeating the Germans at Stalingrad, the Soviet army remained on the offense and began pushing into German controlled territories in central and eastern Europe. Most of Ukraine and virtually all of Russia and eastern Belorussia were liberated during 1943. In the summer of 1944, the Soviets liberated the rest of Belorussia and Ukraine, most of the Baltic states, and eastern Poland.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=3222.0,3225.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/annotation_set/1421/annotation/694","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eModern Romania was formed in 1859 when the principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia united. The new state was officially named Romania in 1866 and gained its independence from the Ottoman Empire in 1877. The Kingdom of Romania was a constitutional monarchy that existed from 1881 with the crowning of prince Karl of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen as King Carol I. After World War I, Bukovina, Bessarabia, Transylvania, as well as parts of Banat, Crisana, and Maramures became part of the sovereign Kingdom of Romania. The Kingdom of Romania lasted until 1947 when King Michael I abdicated and the Romanian parliament proclaiming Romania a people's republic.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=3365.0,3394.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/annotation_set/1421/annotation/695","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e With the German occupation of Hungary in March 1944, the Zionist youth movements in Budapest decided to go underground and to pursue every possible avenue to save Jews. The underground smuggled 7,000-15,000 Jews into Romania, until the border became a front line in August 1944. It set up a workshop for forging documents, which were also used to release Jews from labor battalions and death marches to Austria. About 100,000 protective passes, “Schutzpasses,” were issued made by the underground and distributed to among Jews in Budapest. After the rise to power of the Arrow Cross in October 1944 and the renewal of the murders, the underground acquired 52 children’s homes, supposedly under the auspices of the International Red Cross. About 6,000 children and instructors lived in the houses until liberation.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=3544.0,3574.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/annotation_set/1421/annotation/696","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eApproximately 125,000 Germans, most of them Jewish, immigrated to the United States between 1933 and 1945. As World War II began, however, immigration became more and more difficult. After Germany annexed Austria in March 1938, the United States had combined the German and Austrian quotas into one “German” quota. Of the 27,370 visas available to Germans, 7,818 went unissued, even though increasing antisemitic persecution made the waiting list grew to over 139,000. In 1939, all of the German visas were issued. After World War II began in September of that year, the waiting list grew to more than 300,000 people, most of the Jewish. In 1940, the German quota was almost filled, but new restrictions were put in place that made it more difficult for Germans to obtain visas. By the summer of 1941, all U.S. consulates in Nazi-occupied territory had been closed. Only German refugees who had already escaped Nazi-occupied territory could obtain visas. When the U.S. officially entered the war in December 1941, Jews trapped in Europe had almost no hope of immigrating.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=3694.0,3724.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/annotation_set/1421/annotation/697","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBy the spring of 1945, many of Germany’s cities, including Nazi’s Germany’s capital, Berlin, lay in ruins from Allied bombing campaigns. Berlin was subject to over 300 bombing raids during the Second World War. British bombers began bombing the city in 1940. Regular air raids on Berlin by the Royal Air Force (RAF) and the U.S. Army Air Forces (USAAF) started in 1944, with almost daily bombardments in February and March 1945. Berlin was also attacked by Soviet aircraft, especially in the spring of 1945 as Soviet forces closed on the city. By the time the war ended in May 1945, much of Berlin was nothing but rubble.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=3874.0,3904.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/annotation_set/1421/annotation/698","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA synagogue is a Jewish house of worship where the congregation meets for religious services and instruction.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=4083.0,4108.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/annotation_set/1421/annotation/699","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBremerhaven, Germany is a port city on Germany’s North Sea coast. After the end of World War II, the city became an enclave of the U.S. zone in Germany. The U.S. forces used the port at Bremerhaven as logistical port and embarkation port for soldiers returning to the United States.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=4181.0,4187.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/annotation_set/1421/annotation/700","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWhen hostilities ended on May 8, 1945 in Europe, as many as 100,000 Jewish survivors found themselves among the 7,000,000 uprooted and homeless people classified as displaced persons (DPs). In a chaotic six-month period, 6,000,000 non-Jewish DPs, who had been deported to Germany as forced laborers for the Nazis, wandered through Germany and Eastern Europe toward their homelands. The liberated Jews, who were plagued by illness and exhaustion, emerged from concentration camps and hiding places to discover a world in which they had no place. Bereft of home and family, and reluctant to return to their pre-war homelands, these Jews were joined in a matter of months by more than 150,000 other Jews fleeing fierce antisemitism in Poland, Hungary, Romania and Russia. In late 1945 and the summer of 1946, a series of horrific assaults against surviving Jewish communities occurred in postwar East Central Europe, particularly in Poland, Hungary, Slovakia, Ukraine, Russia and Romania. Allied forces established temporary facilities (DP camps) across Germany, Austria, and Italy to house DPs. Often, shelter was improvised and DPs found themselves housed in everything from former military barracks, summer camps and airports to castles, hotels and even private homes. Initially, the Allies herded Jewish DPs and non-Jewish DPs together, but conflicts arose. The need to recognize Jews as a unique and stateless group of DPs was urgent, and became obvious to the Americans. They created the first exclusively Jewish DP camp at Feldafing, which began absorbing Jews from Dachau in the summer of 1945. Most DP camps had been designated as either Jewish or non-Jewish by the end of 1945. In 1946 and 1947, the number of DPs in the camps rose substantially and conditions were often overcrowded and harsh. New organization and policies eventually took shape that substantially improved the DPs camps. Refugees were given some authority to manage their own affairs and some survivors began to establish new political and cultural lives. Many DPs married and started families while in the camps. From 1945 to 1952, more than 250,000 Jewish displaced persons lived in camps and urban centers in Germany, Austria, and Italy. Allied authorities and the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA) administered these facilities. Displaced Jews registered with various aid agencies like UNRRA (United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration), the IRO (International Refugee Organization), or the British Red Cross’ Central Tracing Bureau (which would later be renamed the International Tracing Service) in the hopes of reconnecting with their families. Eventually, DPs were repatriated to their home countries, reestablished themselves in new countries or immigrated outside of Europe. Most of the DP camps were closed by 1950.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=4219.0,4222.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/annotation_set/1421/annotation/701","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e Black markets emerged after World War II amid the shortages experienced due to the war and Holocaust. Although illegal, people used the black market to purchase necessary food and other items illegally. It provided opportunities for people to enrich themselves buy selling items on the black market.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=4369.0,4372.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/annotation_set/1421/annotation/702","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Immigration Act of 1924 was popularly known as the ‘Johnson-Reed Act.’ It was a federal law that limited the annual number of immigrants who could be admitted from any country to 2 percent of the number of people from that country who were already living in the United States in 1890. Great Britain and Ireland dominated most of the available slots. Germany was assigned about 26,000 immigrants per year while countries like Poland were allowed 6,000 immigrants per year. It was aimed at restricting Southern and Eastern European immigrants, mainly Jews fleeing persecution in Poland and Russia, who had started immigrating to the United States in large numbers in the 1890s. It also restricted immigration of Middle Easterners and Asians. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=4462.0,4466.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/annotation_set/1421/annotation/703","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e The SS or Schutzstaffel was a major paramilitary organization under Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party. It began at the end of 1920 as a small, permanent guard unit known as the “Saal-Schutz” made up of Nazi Party volunteers to provide security for party meetings in Munich. Later, in 1925, Heinrich Himmler joined the unit, which had by then been reformed and renamed the “Schutz-Staffel.” Under Himmler’s leadership, it grew from a small paramilitary formation to one of the largest and most powerful organizations in the Third Reich. Under Himmler’s command, it was responsible for many of the crimes against humanity during World War II. Among other activities, black-shirted SS men served as guards at labor and concentration camps. After World War II, like the Nazi Party, it was declared a criminal organization by the International Military Tribunal and banned in Germany.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=4595.0,4625.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/annotation_set/1421/annotation/704","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAfter World War I, Britain took over Palestine. Although protested by the Arab states, the League of Nations authorized the British mandate over Palestine, which continued throughout World War II. Beginning in 1929, Arabs and Jews openly fought in Palestine. Britain attempted to limit Jewish immigration as a means of appeasing the Arabs. Jewish immigration had already been restricted by a series of official reports (known as White Papers) issued in 1922 and 1930 by the British government. The Arab Revolt of 1936–1939 further caused Great Britain to dramatically limit the numbers of immigrants allowed into Palestine in subsequent years and throughout the Holocaust. In 1939, a third White Paper was issued, which limited Jewish immigration to Palestine to 75,000 for the first five years, subject to the country's \"economic absorptive capacity,\" and would later be contingent on Arab consent. At the end of World War II, Britain continued to strictly limit Jewish immigration to Palestine. Jewish resistance organizations managed to smuggle hundreds of thousands of survivors from Europe into Palestine via “illegal” immigrant ships. The British intercepted most ships, however, and began to intern the immigrants they caught in camps.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=5017.0,5047.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/annotation_set/1421/annotation/705","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe National Socialist German Workers’ Party (NSDAP), commonly known as the “Nazi Party,” was a political party in Germany active between 1920 and 1945. The party’s leader was Adolf Hitler. Initially, Nazi political strategy focused on anti-big business, anti-bourgeois, and anti-capitalist rhetoric. In the 1930s the party's focus shifted to antisemitic and anti-Marxist themes. Racism was also central to Nazism. The Nazis aimed to unite all Germans as national comrades, whilst excluding those deemed either to be community aliens or of a foreign race. The Nazis sought to improve the stock of the Germanic people through racial purity and eugenics, broad social welfare programs, and a disregard for the value of individual life, which could be sacrificed for the good of the Nazi state and the “Aryan master race.” The persecution reached its climax when the party-controlled German state organized the systematic murder of approximately 6,000,000 Jews and 5,000,000 people from the other targeted groups.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=5119.0,5137.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/annotation_set/1421/annotation/706","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Nazi salute, also called the 'German greeting' by the Nazi Party, 'Hitler greeting,' or ‘Sieg Heil’ salute, is a gesture that was used as a greeting by the German National Socialist (Nazi) party in the 1920s. The greeting later became compulsory in Nazi Germany.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=5137.0,5167.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/annotation_set/1421/annotation/707","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGulag is an acronym of Glavnoye Upravleniye Ispravitelno-Trudovykh Lagerey [Russian: Chief Administration of Corrective Labour Camps], the network of slave labor camps operated by the Soviet Union from the 1920s until around 1955. At its height, the Gulag consisted of thousands of camps, some of which were operated more like colonies in remote regions of the Soviet Union.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=5228.0,5237.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/annotation_set/1421/annotation/708","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe end of World War II brought in its wake the largest population movements in European history. Millions of immigrants from every country in Eastern Europe rushed to escape from the newly installed Communist regimes in Soviet-occupied eastern European countries to the west in the five years immediately following the war. The horrors of the Holocaust, coupled with postwar antisemitism and violence, and fear of further persecution from Stalin’s regime prompted hundreds of thousands of Jewish survivors to pursue immigration from Europe. Many flooded into the western Allies’ zones, where they would temporarily be placed in Displaced Persons camps (primarily in Germany, Austria, and Italy). \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=5228.0,5237.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/annotation_set/1421/annotation/709","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAshkenazi Jews [also known as Ashkenazic Jews or Ashkenazim] are Jews who originally lived in northern and eastern Europe. They once lived in the area of Rhineland and France and after the crusades they moved to Poland, Lithuania and Russia. In the 17th century, avoiding persecution, many Jews moved to and settled in Western Europe. As of 2018, Ashkenazim account for about 75% of the world's Jewish population.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=5796.0,5826.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/annotation_set/1421/annotation/710","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe GI Bill (Servicemen's Readjustment Act), was signed into law by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1944. It provided veterans of World War II funds for college education, unemployment insurance, and housing.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=5826.0,5856.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/annotation_set/1421/annotation/711","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eNew York University or NYU is a private research university in New York City, New York. It was established in 1831 by the New York State Legislature. As of 2019, it is the largest private university in the United States by enrollment.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=5886.0,5907.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/annotation_set/1421/annotation/712","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e USC or the University of Southern California is a private, four year college located in Los Angeles, California. The university opened in 1880 and now educates over 49,000 students a year.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=6406.0,6420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/annotation_set/1421/annotation/713","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e Greenville, North Carolina is a city located in central North Carolina. It is rated the 12th most populous city in North Carolina, with around 89,233 residents in 2022. Greenville is known for its beautiful downtown and is the home to East Carolina University.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=6423.0,6425.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/annotation_set/1421/annotation/714","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e East Carolina University is a public university in Greenville, North Carolina, United States. ECU specializes in the schools of medicine, engineering, and dentistry and is the fourth-largest university in the state.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=6425.0,6427.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/annotation_set/1421/annotation/715","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe North Carolina Council is a state agency established in 1981 by Governor James B. Hunt Jr. The council is made up of 24 individuals including Holocaust survivors and second-generation survivors. The Council works to provide education and commemoration programs to ensure individuals do not forget the atrocities of the Holocaust and that it does not occur again.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=6474.0,6483.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/annotation_set/1421/annotation/716","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e Emily Elizabeth Dickinson (1830 - 1886) was a woman born in Amherst, Massachusetts and posthumously became a renowned American poet known for her unique style of writing.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=6783.0,6793.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/annotation_set/1421/annotation/717","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e Auschwitz-Birkenau was a network of camps built and operated by Germany just outside the Polish town of Oswiecem (renamed “Auschwitz” by the Germans) in Polish areas annexed by Germany during World War II. Auschwitz was a complex of camps: the Main Camp (Auschwitz I), Auschwitz-Birkenau (Auschwitz II) and Monowitz (Auschwitz III). Many smaller sub-camps were attached to the complex, which drew their labor from the Main Camp and Auschwitz-Birkenau. It is estimated that the SS and police deported at a minimum 1.3 million people (approximately 1.1 million of which were Jews) to the Auschwitz-Birkenau complex between 1940 and 1945. Camp authorities murdered 1.1 million of these prisoners. Auschwitz II, also known as Birkenau, was about 2-1/2 miles away from the main camp. It had the largest total prisoner population. This is the camp with the big brick gate and the railroad tracks leading to the ramp and where the four gas chambers and crematoria came to be located.  The Monowitz camp also known as Auschwitz III or Buna, was about 4 miles east of the Auschwitz Main Camp. It was a complex built to house slave laborers for the German chemical firm IG Farben.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=7030.0,7034.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/annotation_set/1421/annotation/718","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHermann Goering [German: Göring] (1893-1946) was a German politician, military leader, and leading member of the Nazi party (NSDAP). A member of the Nazi Party from its early days, Goering was one of Hitler’s inner circle during the Nazi years. Goering was wounded in 1923, during the failed coup known as the “Beer Hall Putsch.” He became permanently addicted to morphine after being treated with the drug for his injuries. After helping Hitler take power in 1933, he became the second-most powerful man in Germany. He founded the Gestapo (German secret police) in 1933, and later gave command of it to Heinrich Himmler. In 1935, he became commander-in-chief of the Luftwaffe (German air force) but fell from grace when the German air force was decimated by the Allied forces. He was also responsible for the economy in the buildup to World War II. Goering was known for his acquisition of property and artwork stolen from Jewish victims of the Holocaust. In 1941 Hitler had appointed Goering as his successor, but after his fall from grace, in the last days of the Third Reich, Hitler selected Admiral Karl Doenitz (German: Dönitz) instead. Goering was captured, put on trial in the Nuremberg in 1946, convicted, and sentenced to be hung. Goering, however, had managed to smuggle a cyanide capsule into the prison, which he took, committing suicide before he could be hung. Goering’s first wife was Carin Fock. She was already married to Baron Niels Gustav von Kantzow when they met. She divorced Kantzow and married Goering in 1923. She died in 1931. Goering made a shrine to her in their home, Carinhall. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=7244.0,7245.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/annotation_set/1421/annotation/719","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eArthur Schopenhauer (1788 - 1860) was a popular German philosopher of Polish origin. Schopenhauer is known for his groundbreaking writing, which strove to challenge popular worldviews such as the value of one’s existence and the idea that life continues only because of want and illusion. He is known as the philosopher of pessimism.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=7254.0,7255.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/annotation_set/1421/annotation/720","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e Richard Wagner (1813-1883) was a German composer, theater director, and conductor who is primarily known for his operas, among them the four opera-cycle Der Ring des Nibelungen. Wagner has also been accused of being an antisemite, mostly particularly based in his non-opera writings. Adolf Hitler was an admirer of Wagner’s music and saw in his operas an embodiment of his own vision of the German nation claiming that they glorified “the heroic Teutonic nature.” Hitler visited Bayreuth (Wagner’s own opera house) from 1923 onwards and attended the productions at the theater. There continues to be debate about the extent to which Wagner’s views might have influenced Nazi thinking. However, it cannot be claimed that Wagner “was responsible” for the Holocaust.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=7275.0,7282.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/annotation_set/1421/annotation/721","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eShul is a Yiddish word for synagogue that is derived from a German word meaning “school,” and emphasizes the synagogue's role as a place of study.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=7444.0,7474.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/annotation_set/1421/annotation/722","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePremysl is a city in Poland, located on the San River, about 137 miles (220 km) southeast of Krakow. Around 20,000 Jews lived in the city before World War II. The Russians occupied the city from 1939 until the Germans invaded the Soviet Union in June 1941. Under German occupation, the Jews were forced to move into a designated area of the city and killings and deportations to labor camps soon began. In July 1942, a closed ghetto was established. Over the next month, 9,850 Jews were sent to the Belzec extermination camp. More followed in November 1942, when the downsized ghetto was divided into “Ghetto A,” for about 800 workers, and “Ghetto B,” for about 4,000 “non-productive” Jews. In February 1943, Josef Schwammbereger, an SS officer who was known for his cruelty, took command. Ghetto B was liquidated in September 1943. Then, between November 1943 and February 1944, the Jews in Ghetto A were either shot or deported to other camps in the area. Over the next few months, hundreds of Jews were found hiding in the area. Schwammberger is reported to have participated in the murder of many of those found and is said to have personally shot the last 20 Jewish children in the ghetto. By February 1944, the ghetto had been completely liquidated. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584#t=7444.0,7474.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/index/84620","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Resnik, Bramy [Index]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131971/file/246584/index/84620/annotation/723","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Bramy's Background and Family 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