{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/m61bk18546/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Franco, Richard"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["2023-05-03 (captured)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Agent"]},"value":{"en":["Franco, Richard (Interviewee)","Levine, Michael (Interviewer)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source"]},"value":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum","Esther and Herbert Taylor Oral History Collection","Jewish Oral History Project of Atlanta"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eRichard Franco was interviewed by Michael Levine on May 3, 2023, in Atlanta, Georgia. \u003c/p\u003e (general)","\u003cp\u003eRichard David Franco was born in Atlanta, Georgia. He is the oldest of four children born to Joseph Franco and Rachel [Saul] Franco. Richard was raised in Atlanta, spending a few years in Bogota, Colombia, when his father was relocated there with the Board of Economic Warfare. Richard’s father also owned apartment buildings and a liquor store, Roxy Liquor Store in Atlanta. His family were members of Congregation Or VeShalom, a Sephardic synagogue. \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eRichard attended Morningside Elementary School, Grady High School (now Midtown High School), he graduated from Emory University, and obtained his medical degree from Emory School of Medicine. While attending Grady High School Richard met Phyllis Alterman. Phyllis, an avid artist and musician, attended Northwestern University before transferring to Emory University to be closer to Richard. The couple married in 1960 and together they would have three children, Rebecca, Meryl, and Lewis. \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eAt Emory School of Medicine, Richard studied the fledgling field of neurology and went into practice in Atlanta, co-founding a neurology practice. Franco also practiced at Northside Hospital Atlanta, Emory St. Joseph's Hospital, and spent six months at the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery in London. As a neurologist, Richard noticed that Phyllis was developing Alzheimer's disease and in 2012, he retired from practicing to care for her full-time. Richard and their children integrated Phyllis’ passion for painting and music into her care. \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eRichard has served the Jewish community and general community through numerous endeavors and organizations, especially in the field of neurology. In 2018, Richard and Phyllis were honored for their dedication to the Atlanta Jewish community and activism with the New Israel Fund Atlanta’s Tzedek Award. Richard continues to be civically engaged and dedicates himself to the Atlanta Community, where he and his two daughters live.\u003c/p\u003e (bioghist)","\u003cp\u003eThe interview focuses on Richard’s childhood, medical career, and family life. He provides background on his family history and how his parents came to this country from Rhodes. He describes how his father struggled to join his brothers in Atlanta because of immigration laws and was able to come to the U.S. on a student visa at Emory University. He talks about his father’s and uncles’ businesses and how they settled in Atlanta. \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eRichard discusses his mother’s multiple miscarriages before he was born, he describes his birth as very celebrated and his parents had three children after Richard. He recalls his early childhood, mentioning the first home he lived at in Atlanta before his family relocated to Bogotá, Columbia during World War II. Richard talks about his father’s involvement with the Board of Economic Warfare and the Cinchona Mission to collect natural resources to make quinine, a treatment for Malaria. \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eRichard recalls moving back to Atlanta in 1946 and attending Samuel M. Inman Middle School before his family moved to the Morningside Neighborhood and he began attending Morningside Elementary School. He remembers that part of his childhood especially fondly, sharing how the children of the neighborhood played together and attended the same school. He recalls a teacher who inspired him and mentions that his father was very involved in his education and would often lecture about history at the school. \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eRichard shares a story about being selected as a patrol boy at Morningside Elementary School in sixth grade, a role that he was very proud of. He talks about getting ready for his first day and leaving the house, only to be called back by his mother as it was only four in the morning. Richard speaks about the congregation and Hebrew school his family attended, Or VeShalom. He talks about the Rabbi, Joseph Cohen and attending Hebrew school. \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eRichard describes his awareness of segregation during his childhood, discussing the empathy and anti-racist attitude his grandfather and parents instilled in him. He recounts an experience his father had during which a black man he worked with was wrongly accused of theft. Richard’s father tried to investigate and prove the man’s innocence, resulting in being threatened by the Ku Klux Klan. As a result of the incident, the man and his wife, the Franco’s housekeeper, moved to Detroit, Michigan. Richard recalls that his mother was devastated because she was very close with Mary, the housekeeper. He discusses the integration of Emory and Grady Hospital and the universities in Georgia. \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eRichard talks about his mentors in medical school, Dr. Herbert Rubin Karp, Dr. Robert Franklin Kibler, Sr., and Dr. John Willis Hurst. Richard mentions being selected as the outstanding medical resident by the senior medical class, and the appreciation he developed for the patients at Grady Hospital and their resilience. \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eRichard reminisces on his marriage to Phyllis Alterman, describing her as the light of his life. Richard discusses being Sephardic and Phyllis being Ashkenazi. He remembers attending her bat mitzvah and being amazed by her skill in Hebrew, which inspired him to attend Hebrew school regularly and make a concerted effort. He talks about asking Phyllis out on a date for the first time and her moving north to attend Northwestern University and eventually transferring to Emory University to be with Richard. \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eRichard talks about practicing Neurology in Atlanta with Brem Mayer, Bill Stuart, and Lee Lindsey. He recalls the innovation and introduction of the CT scan, which was invented in England. Richard mentions spending six months at the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery in London. He reflects on the influences of technology on the practice of medicine and the benefit he had of being trained before technology but using the tools to help confirm his work. Richard continues to describe witnessing changes in the medical field over the course of his 47-year career. He mentions that he would still recommend going into the field because of the ability to work with patients and get to know them as an individual, allowing you to help and treat them. \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eThe interview concludes with Richard talking about his pride in Atlanta and the Jewish Community there. Richard talks about caring for Phyllis as she developed Alzheimer’s disease. He describes her passion for art and integrating that into care. Richard shares that he retired from practicing medicine to care for Phyllis full-time and expresses that it was difficult to watch the decline in her health but he was very grateful to spend that time with her. \u003c/p\u003e (scope content)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source Metadata URI"]},"value":{"en":["https://archivesspace.thebreman.org/repositories/2/archival_objects/29239"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject"]},"value":{"en":["​​Ackerman, Dr. Robert H. (1935-2018) (personal name)","Ackerman, Charles (1933-2017) (personal name)","Balser, Ronald Davis (personal name)","Blumenthal, Jerry (personal name)","Chalmers, Rebecca [Franco] (b. 1966) (personal name)","Cohen, Rabbi Joseph Isaac (1896-1985) (personal name)","Franco, Joseph David (1910-2008) (personal name)","Franco, Lewis (b. 1962) (personal name)","Franco, Meryl (b. 1970) (personal name)","Franco, Phyllis [Alterman] (1938-2022) (personal name)","Franco, Rachel [Saul] (1913-1998) (personal name)","Franco, Ramon Saul (b. 1942) (personal name)","Franco, Renee (b. 1943) (personal name)","Hitler, Adolf (1889-1945) (personal name)","Hunter-Gault, Charlayne (b. 1942) (personal name)","Hurst, ​​Dr. John Willis (1920-2011) (personal name)","Karp, Dr. Herbert Rubin (1922-2016) (personal name)","Kibler, Sr., Dr. Robert Franklin (1924-2021) (personal name)","Levine, Dr. Michael (b. 1934) (personal name)","Lindsey, Jr., Dr. Irby Lehman (1935-2020) (personal name)","Mayer, Dr. Walter Brem (b. 1935) (personal name)","Roosevelt, Franklin Delano (1882-1945) (personal name)","Sanders, Dr. Steven L. (1939-2003) (personal name)","Stuart, Dr. William H. (personal name)","Tuttle, Jr., Dr. Elbert P. (1921-2012) (personal name)","Ahavath Achim Synagogue (AA) (corporate name)","Aleph Zadik Aleph (AZA) (corporate name)","Atlanta University (corporate name)","The Board of Economic Warfare (corporate name)","The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (corporate name)","Congregation Or VeShalom (corporate name)","Emory St. Joseph's Hospital (corporate name)","Emory University (corporate name)","The Emory University School of Medicine (corporate name)","General Motors (corporate name)","Georgia State University (corporate name)","Grady Memorial Hospital (corporate name)","Midtown High School, formerly Henry W. Grady High School (corporate name)","National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (corporate name)","Northside Hospital (corporate name)","Northwestern University (corporate name)","Samuel M. Inman Middle School (corporate name)","University of Georgia (corporate name)","The William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum (corporate name)","The Andes Mountains (geographic term)","Asheville, North Carolina (geographic term)","Belgian Congo (geographic term)","Bogota [Spanish: Bogotá], Colombia (geographic term)","Detroit, Michigan (geographic term)","Izmir [Turkish: İzmir], Turkey [Türkiye] (geographic term)","Montgomery, Alabama (geographic term)","Morningside Elementary School (geographic term)","Morningside Neighborhood (geographic term)","New Orleans, Louisiana (geographic term)","Rhodes [Isle of Rhodes] (geographic term)","Washington, D.C. (geographic term)","The American Civil Rights Movement (topical term)","The Great Depression (named event)","World War I (named event)","World War II (named event)","bar mitzvah (chronological term)","Ashkenazi Jews (other)","The Cinchona Mission (other)","computerized tomography (CT) scan (other)","Fascism (other)","The Ku Klux Klan (other)","Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (other)","Sephardic Jews (other)"]}}],"summary":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eRichard Franco\u0026nbsp;was interviewed by Michael Levine on May 3, 2023, in Atlanta, Georgia.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRichard David Franco was born in Atlanta, Georgia. He is the oldest of four children born to Joseph Franco and Rachel [Saul] Franco. Richard was raised in Atlanta, spending a few years in Bogota, Colombia, when his father was relocated there with the Board of Economic Warfare. Richard\u0026rsquo;s father also owned apartment buildings and a liquor store, Roxy Liquor Store in Atlanta. His family were members of Congregation Or VeShalom, a Sephardic synagogue.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eRichard attended Morningside Elementary School, Grady High School (now Midtown High School), he graduated from Emory University, and obtained his medical degree from Emory School of Medicine. While attending Grady High School Richard met Phyllis Alterman. Phyllis, an avid artist and musician, attended Northwestern University before transferring to Emory University to be closer to Richard. The couple married in 1960 and together they would have three children, Rebecca, Meryl, and Lewis.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eAt Emory School of Medicine, Richard studied the fledgling field of neurology and went into practice in Atlanta, co-founding a neurology practice. Franco also practiced at Northside Hospital Atlanta, Emory St. Joseph's Hospital, and spent six months at the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery in London. As a neurologist, Richard noticed that Phyllis was developing Alzheimer's disease and in 2012, he retired from practicing to care for her full-time. Richard and their children integrated Phyllis\u0026rsquo; passion for painting and music into her care.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eRichard has served the Jewish community and general community through numerous endeavors and organizations, especially in the field of neurology. In 2018, Richard and Phyllis were honored for their dedication to the Atlanta Jewish community and activism with the New Israel Fund Atlanta\u0026rsquo;s Tzedek Award. Richard continues to be civically engaged and dedicates himself to the Atlanta Community, where he and his two daughters live.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe interview focuses on Richard\u0026rsquo;s childhood, medical career, and family life. He provides background on his family history and how his parents came to this country from Rhodes. He describes how his father struggled to join his brothers in Atlanta because of immigration laws and was able to come to the U.S. on a student visa at Emory University. He talks about his father\u0026rsquo;s and uncles\u0026rsquo; businesses and how they settled in Atlanta.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eRichard discusses his mother\u0026rsquo;s multiple miscarriages before he was born, he describes his birth as very celebrated and his parents had three children after Richard. He recalls his early childhood, mentioning the first home he lived at in Atlanta before his family relocated to Bogot\u0026aacute;, Columbia during World War II. Richard talks about his father\u0026rsquo;s involvement with the Board of Economic Warfare and the Cinchona Mission to collect natural resources to make quinine, a treatment for Malaria.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eRichard recalls moving back to Atlanta in 1946 and attending Samuel M. Inman Middle School before his family moved to the Morningside Neighborhood and he began attending Morningside Elementary School. He remembers that part of his childhood especially fondly, sharing how the children of the neighborhood played together and attended the same school. He recalls a teacher who inspired him and mentions that his father was very involved in his education and would often lecture about history at the school.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eRichard shares a story about being selected as a patrol boy at Morningside Elementary School in sixth grade, a role that he was very proud of. He talks about getting ready for his first day and leaving the house, only to be called back by his mother as it was only four in the morning. Richard speaks about the congregation and Hebrew school his family attended, Or VeShalom. He talks about the Rabbi, Joseph Cohen and attending Hebrew school.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eRichard describes his awareness of segregation during his childhood, discussing the empathy and anti-racist attitude his grandfather and parents instilled in him. He recounts an experience his father had during which a black man he worked with was wrongly accused of theft. Richard\u0026rsquo;s father tried to investigate and prove the man\u0026rsquo;s innocence, resulting in being threatened by the Ku Klux Klan. As a result of the incident, the man and his wife, the Franco\u0026rsquo;s housekeeper, moved to Detroit, Michigan. Richard recalls that his mother was devastated because she was very close with Mary, the housekeeper. He discusses the integration of Emory and Grady Hospital and the universities in Georgia.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eRichard talks about his mentors in medical school, Dr. Herbert Rubin Karp, Dr. Robert Franklin Kibler, Sr., and Dr. John Willis Hurst. Richard mentions being selected as the outstanding medical resident by the senior medical class, and the appreciation he developed for the patients at Grady Hospital and their resilience.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eRichard reminisces on his marriage to Phyllis Alterman, describing her as the light of his life. Richard discusses being Sephardic and Phyllis being Ashkenazi. He remembers attending her bat mitzvah and being amazed by her skill in Hebrew, which inspired him to attend Hebrew school regularly and make a concerted effort. He talks about asking Phyllis out on a date for the first time and her moving north to attend Northwestern University and eventually transferring to Emory University to be with Richard.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eRichard talks about practicing Neurology in Atlanta with Brem Mayer, Bill Stuart, and Lee Lindsey. He recalls the innovation and introduction of the CT scan, which was invented in England. Richard mentions spending six months at the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery in London. He reflects on the influences of technology on the practice of medicine and the benefit he had of being trained before technology but using the tools to help confirm his work. Richard continues to describe witnessing changes in the medical field over the course of his 47-year career. He mentions that he would still recommend going into the field because of the ability to work with patients and get to know them as an individual, allowing you to help and treat them.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eThe interview concludes with Richard talking about his pride in Atlanta and the Jewish Community there. Richard talks about caring for Phyllis as she developed Alzheimer\u0026rsquo;s disease. He describes her passion for art and integrating that into care. Richard shares that he retired from practicing medicine to care for Phyllis full-time and expresses that it was difficult to watch the decline in her health but he was very grateful to spend that time with her.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"]},"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/216/566/small/00000.mp4_1699831464.jpg?1699831472","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - 00000.mp4"]},"duration":2122.639,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/216/566/small/00000.mp4_1699831464.jpg?1699831472","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-thebreman.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/216/566/original/00000.mp4?1699831460","type":"Video","format":"video/mp4","duration":2122.639,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566/transcript/61445","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Franco, Richard [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566/transcript/61445/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"LEVINE: Good morning, my name is Michael Levine. Today is May 3, 2023. I would\r\nlike to thank Dr. Richard Franco for participating in the Esther and Herbert\r\nTaylor Oral History Project of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum. Good\r\nmorning, Dr. Franco.\r\n\r\nFRANCO: Good morning.\r\n\r\nLEVINE: It's a pleasure to have you with us today. Let's just start right off by\r\nasking where and when you were born.\r\n\r\nFRANCO: I was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566/transcript/61445/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"born\n\r\nhere in Atlanta, Georgia, April 26, 1939.\r\n\r\nLEVINE: Tell us the names of your parents and grandparents and how your family\r\ncame to Atlanta.\r\n\r\nFRANCO: My father was Joseph David Franco, my mother, Rachel Saul, became\r\nFranco. My grandparents on my mother's side, my grandfather came first from the\r\nIsle of Rhodes ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566/transcript/61445/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"via\n\r\nIzmir [Turkish: İzmir], Turkey [Türkiye], at the outbreak of World War I. He was\r\nable to leave and come to the United States, to Atlanta, Georgia, and then sent\r\nfor his wife, Rebecca Saul, and his daughter, my mother, Rachel Saul, when she\r\nwas two years old. My father came later, he came from the Isle of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566#t=60.0,90.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566/transcript/61445/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rhodes\n\r\nvia the Belgian Congo. He was born in 1910 and left the Isle of Rhodes at the\r\nage of 18, feeling that there wasn't economic opportunity in the Isle of Rhodes.\r\nHe was not able to come to the United States because the immigration laws had\r\nchanged and there was a tremendous limit on people from Eastern and Southern\r\nEurope. He ended up ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566#t=90.0,120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566/transcript/61445/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"going\n\r\nto the Belgian Congo and worked on a railroad, not as a railroad worker, but as\r\nan accountant. Then, came to Atlanta in 1931 on a student visa to Emory\r\nUniversity that was aided by his brothers who were already here in Atlanta. He\r\ncame to Emory, fortunately, with the ability to speak many ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566#t=120.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566/transcript/61445/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"languages.\n\r\nLadino, which is Spanish based from Spain, French, Italian, a lot of Latin, some\r\nEnglish, some Greek, some Turkish. Emory was an exciting place for him, and he\r\nfelt very well received there and very warm about Atlanta.\r\n\r\nLEVINE: You say he had ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566#t=150.0,180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566/transcript/61445/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"family\n\r\nalready in Atlanta?\r\n\r\nFRANCO: His brother's, named Isaac Franco, Victor Franco, who actually had first\r\ngone to Argentina and then came to Atlanta, Morris Franco, Sam Franco and Jack Franco.\r\n\r\nLEVINE: A lot of brothers.\r\n\r\nFRANCO: A lot of brothers, and they all were in business together at one point\r\nor another.\r\n\r\nLEVINE: How did they wind up in Atlanta?\r\n\r\nFRANCO: They came . . . There were ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566#t=180.0,210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566/transcript/61445/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"already\n\r\nother Sephardic families in Atlanta. Some came via New Orleans [Louisiana] to\r\nMontgomery, Alabama, and then to Atlanta. It was felt that Atlanta was a\r\nprosperous and up and coming city, and there were business opportunities.\r\n\r\nLEVINE: What business were they in?\r\n\r\nFRANCO: They were in delicatessens, and small ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566#t=210.0,240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566/transcript/61445/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"shops,\n\r\nliquor stores, and a tailor shop. My dad, when he graduated from Emory in 1934,\r\nhe had met my mother about a year earlier, and they got married the day he\r\ngraduated. They also got legally married up in Asheville, North Carolina, at the\r\ntime, that's where my mother and her family ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566#t=240.0,270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566/transcript/61445/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"lived.\n\r\nLEVINE: Let's talk about you, that's a great background. Tell us about your\r\ngrowing up in Atlanta yourself.\r\n\r\nFRANCO: My mother had three miscarriages before I was born, and the obstetrician\r\nhad told her she shouldn't try any more because they were premature and couldn't\r\nsurvive. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566#t=270.0,300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566/transcript/61445/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But\n\r\nthis Dr. Bartholomew told my mother to stay in bed during the pregnancy, and she\r\ndid, so I survived. I was the fourth. As a result of their having such\r\ndifficulty having children, when I arrived, apparently it was a great event. I\r\nwas anointed by virtue of that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566#t=300.0,330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566/transcript/61445/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"history\n\r\nand very well received and very fortunate to have such parents who were so . . .\r\n\r\nLEVINE: Then she went on to have children after you.\r\n\r\nFRANCO: Four more.\r\n\r\nLEVINE: Amazing.\r\n\r\nFRANCO: Yes. I grew up, the first house we lived on was Parkway Drive, which my\r\ndad bought for $4,000 with $400 ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566#t=330.0,360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566/transcript/61445/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"down.\n\r\nIt was a duplex and we lived upstairs, and he rented downstairs for $50 a month,\r\nwhich was the mortgage payment.\r\n\r\nLEVINE: Paid the mortgage.\r\n\r\nFRANCO: Paid the mortgage . . . But then, when World War II broke out, my dad\r\nentered what was called the Board of Economic Warfare, which was procuring ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566#t=360.0,390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566/transcript/61445/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"materials\n\r\nfor the war effort from other countries. He was assigned to Bogota [Spanish:\r\nBogotá], Colombia, and was able to take the whole family. We moved. At this\r\npoint, my brother, Ramon Saul Franco, was born. He was only six months old when\r\nwe moved to Bogota, Colombia. There my dad was in charge of what's called the\r\nCinchona Mission. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566#t=390.0,420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566/transcript/61445/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Cinchona\n\r\nis a tree that's native to the Andes, and it's from that bark, that quinine is\r\nmade. It was a native discovery by the indigenous people of the Andes that it\r\nwould cure malaria, or it would break the fever. We were there two and a half,\r\nalmost three years. Then, my sister Renee was born there. We came back to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566#t=420.0,450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566/transcript/61445/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Atlanta\n\r\nin 1946, and then I started at S.M. Inman Grammar School. In 1948, we moved to\r\nMorningside, and that was really the happiest time of my life because we lived\r\non a dead end street, Zimmer Drive. The kids controlled the street, we played in\r\nthe street, we played in the front yards, everybody congregated. We all walked\r\nto ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566#t=450.0,480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566/transcript/61445/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"school,\n\r\nwith Rhina Shaffer Tuck, the Shaffer family across the street, the Solomon\r\nBrothers, Marshall and Arthur. Mickey [sp] and Murray [sp]. It was a great\r\nneighborhood to grow up in and Morningside [Elementary School] was a wonderful\r\nschool. I had a teacher there, Helen Callaway, who was just an inspiring\r\nteacher. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566#t=480.0,510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566/transcript/61445/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"My\n\r\ndad was such a participant in everything we did, he ended up coming there\r\nregularly to give lectures on the Jewish people. On World War II, on Franklin\r\nRoosevelt, then the Depression, on [Adolf] Hitler and how fascism came to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566#t=510.0,540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566/transcript/61445/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"be.\n\r\nAs a result of that, I had a big interest in history, social studies. Ms.\r\nCallaway inspired me more, one day I turned in a paper and I got back a note\r\nsaying, \"See me.\" I saw her after class and she said, \"You can do a lot better\r\nthan ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566#t=540.0,570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566/transcript/61445/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this.\n\r\nI'm expecting you to do much better.\" That's all it took.\r\n\r\nLEVINE: That's right. That's a wonderful goad.\r\n\r\nFRANCO: Yes. She didn't say, \"This is a terrible paper.\" She said, \"You can do\r\nmuch better.\"\r\n\r\nLEVINE: Inspiring to do better.\r\n\r\nFRANCO: Inspiring, yes. I had a wonderful time at Morningside School . . . Just\r\ndistinctly remember ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566#t=570.0,600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566/transcript/61445/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that\n\r\nin the sixth grade, they selected two students to be patrolmen, which you were\r\nsupposed to do in the seventh grade. I was selected, and this was a big honor. I\r\nfelt a huge responsibility as a patrol boy. They said you had to be there for\r\nthe first day, you had to be there at 7:30, at Morningside School in order to\r\nmake sure you were there ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566#t=600.0,630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566/transcript/61445/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"before\n\r\nanybody else. The night before I got my badge straight, everything that I\r\nneeded, I had it right there. Woke up, washed up, combed my hair, dressed, put\r\non my badge and belt. Out I went, and as I was walking down the street toward\r\nMorningside School, my mother yelled, \"Honey, honey, please come ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566#t=630.0,660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566/transcript/61445/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"back!\n\r\nIt's 4:00 a.m.!\" I was a little too eager.\r\n\r\nLEVINE: That's amazing. That's a great story. Did your family have a synagogue\r\naffiliation when you were growing up?\r\n\r\nFRANCO: Sure, at Or VeShalom. Which, initially, was over on Capitol Avenue. It\r\nwas a house. I only remember going there a few times before they moved to\r\nHighland Avenue, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566#t=660.0,690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566/transcript/61445/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which\n\r\nthen was very close to my house, it was easy to walk to Hebrew school and to\r\nsynagogue. I think when the synagogue moved to its current location, that\r\nHighland Avenue location became something else.\r\n\r\nLEVINE: Was there a particular long standing rabbi there or did they have a succession?\r\n\r\nFRANCO: Rabbi Joseph Cohen, who had come from ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566#t=690.0,720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566/transcript/61445/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Cuba,\n\r\nwas born in Turkey. He was the rabbi, he was the Hebrew teacher, he was\r\neverything. English was his second or third language and he had the\r\nresponsibility of all these kids. We were in one room, kids from seven to 13. We\r\nwere an unruly bunch because we'd ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566#t=720.0,750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566/transcript/61445/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"all\n\r\nbeen to school all day and then Hebrew school. What I distinctly remember was\r\nthat the kids who went to A.A., Ahavath Achim, they went to Hebrew school three\r\ndays a week. We went four days a week and I felt that this was grossly unfair.\r\n\r\nLEVINE: During those years were you conscious of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566#t=750.0,780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566/transcript/61445/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"any\n\r\nantisemitism, did that affect you at all?\r\n\r\nFRANCO: On a personal level, it was rare that anything came up. I do recall the\r\nteachers being very supportive. Now, for example, as soon as I came back from\r\nColumbia, they put me in the Christmas play and I learned to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566#t=780.0,810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566/transcript/61445/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sing\n\r\nthe Christmas songs. But by the time I got to Morningside, I, along with Jerry\r\nBlumenthal, Steve Sanders, and Ronnie Balser, we were all told by the teacher\r\nwho was in charge of the Christmas program to mouth the words but not sing.\r\nApparently our voices did not reach the caliber that was expected.\r\n\r\nLEVINE: Were you ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566#t=810.0,840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566/transcript/61445/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"conscious\n\r\nof segregation at that time, during those years?\r\n\r\nFRANCO: Yes, very much so.\r\n\r\nLEVINE: In what way?\r\n\r\nFRANCO: It was very clear that the blacks we met were servants. There was the\r\nhousekeeper, the maid, or the yard man. It was my grandfather, Raymond Saul, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566#t=840.0,870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566/transcript/61445/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who\n\r\ntold me that when I heard things like that, \"Blacks were inferior, ignorant,\r\nuneducated\", he said \"No. On the contrary, when they're exposed to education,\r\nthey're as eager as anyone else.\" He told me, \"There's Atlanta University.\" He\r\nknew professors from black colleges, and he made it very clear that the reason\r\nthat my impression ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566#t=870.0,900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566/transcript/61445/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was\n\r\nthey weren't educated was that they had been deprived. My parents, of course,\r\ngave me the history of slavery and segregation. There was an episode in my dad's\r\nbusiness where there was a black sergeant, he had been in World War II, and his\r\nwife was our ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566#t=900.0,930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566/transcript/61445/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"housekeeper,\n\r\nMary. Some materials were missing, had been stolen and he was immediately\r\naccused of it. My father said, \"This guy would not do that.\" That it was this\r\nother white man, and when he tried to investigate that and accuse him, someone\r\nfrom the [Ku Klux] Klan ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566#t=930.0,960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566/transcript/61445/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"called\n\r\nmy father and his brothers and told them that they better quit that. They\r\nwouldn't fire the black man, whose name I can't recall now, but as a result of\r\nthat episode, he said, \"We're moving to Detroit [Michigan]. I can get a good job\r\nwith General Motors or ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566#t=960.0,990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566/transcript/61445/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"other\n\r\nplaces”, and they left. My mother was heartbroken cause she was so close to\r\nMary. That was my awareness. Now, I never was in a school where there was a\r\nblack person, it was totally segregated all the way through high school, and\r\nincluding Emory, and including medical school.\r\n\r\nLEVINE: Do you remember when Emory ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566#t=990.0,1020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566/transcript/61445/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"finally\n\r\n integrated?\r\n\r\nFRANCO: It was in the 1960s, I think 1964 or 1965. Grady Hospital integrated\r\naround 1967. Then it actually went quite smoothly. I don't think there was much\r\nresistance ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566#t=1020.0,1050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566/transcript/61445/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from\n\r\nthe university faculty.\r\n\r\nLEVINE: You went to Grady High School?\r\n\r\nFRANCO: Yes.\r\n\r\nLEVINE: Then Emory?\r\n\r\nFRANCO: Yes.\r\n\r\nLEVINE: Then medical school?\r\n\r\nFRANCO: Then medical school.\r\n\r\nLEVINE: You say in medical school there were no blacks in your class?\r\n\r\nFRANCO: None. Not until . . . Remember Charlayne Hunter-Gault and the . . .\r\n\r\nLEVINE: University of Georgia?\r\n\r\nFRANCO: Yes. When University of Georgia was integrated, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566#t=1050.0,1080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566/transcript/61445/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the\n\r\nstudent . . . Her fellow student, whose name I can't remember right this minute,\r\nhe was the first African American to go to Emory Medical School and he later\r\nbecame head of Grady Hospital after an orthopedic residency and practice. At\r\nEmory, I really came under the influence of Dr. Herbert Karp, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566#t=1080.0,1110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566/transcript/61445/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who\n\r\nwas just an outstanding teacher. Although, neuroanatomy had not been a strong\r\nsubject of mine in medical school, once I became an intern and resident, I was\r\nso impressed with what he and Dr. Robert F. Kibler, what they could do at the\r\nbedside in analyzing a patient's ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566#t=1110.0,1140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566/transcript/61445/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"problems.\n\r\nOf course, I had other wonderful teachers, Dr. [J. Willis] Hurst, Dr. Elbert\r\nTuttle, Jr., who was a marvelous man. He made his own dialysis equipment out of\r\nhis wife's washing machine.\r\n\r\nLEVINE: Amazing.\r\n\r\nFRANCO: They had so little facility, so little that he was able to make a\r\ndialysis ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566#t=1140.0,1170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566/transcript/61445/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"machine.\n\r\nAfter serving two years in the public health service with CDC [Center for\r\nDisease Control] and the tuberculosis branch in Washington, D.C., when I came\r\nback to Grady Hospital as a medical resident and then as a neurology fellow for\r\nthree years, the thing I was proudest of during that time was that the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566#t=1170.0,1200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566/transcript/61445/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"senior\n\r\nmedical class had selected me as the outstanding medical resident, or resident\r\nin general. Really it was because I was trying to emulate Herb Karp and Bob\r\nKibler in teaching students. I really felt those were glorious years and I\r\ndeveloped a real ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566#t=1200.0,1230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566/transcript/61445/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"appreciation\n\r\nfor the patients at Grady, that the poor were still very knowledgeable and savvy\r\nand had a lot of common sense that I learned from them. People who were\r\nalcoholics, or were unemployed, or seem to have no direction, it was clear to me\r\nthat this was the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566#t=1230.0,1260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566/transcript/61445/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"environment\n\r\nthey were in and not who they were as a person. I learned to respect these\r\nfolks. There were those who looked down on them, and I got a real clear picture\r\nthat these were not people to look down on. These were people really to admire\r\nthat they could survive in the environment they were in.\r\n\r\nLEVINE: At some point along the way, you got married.\r\n\r\nFRANCO: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566#t=1260.0,1290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566/transcript/61445/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That\n\r\nwas the best thing of all, because . . .\r\n\r\nLEVINE: I heard that it was a mixed marriage.\r\n\r\nFRANCO: That's right.\r\n\r\nLEVINE: Could you elaborate?\r\n\r\nFRANCO: I'm Sephardic, Spanish Jewish, and Phyllis Alterman, Phyllis Alicia\r\nAlterman, the light of my life, who I met at Grady High, she was Ashkenazi.\r\nThere weren't many girls, Sephardic girls my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566#t=1290.0,1320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566/transcript/61445/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"age\n\r\nanyway, but at Grady there was a wonderfully large Jewish percentage of the\r\nschool. I don't know exactly, maybe a third and later, even a greater\r\nproportion. Phyllis . . . Here, I'm going to have to confess some of my own\r\nshort comings, because I was not ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566#t=1320.0,1350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566/transcript/61445/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"particularly\n\r\nregular at attending Hebrew school. I would skip or leave. \"I'd already heard\r\nthis before.\" \"We did the same thing last year.\" But I was invited to go to a\r\nbat mitzvah, and it was Phyllis who was giving the . . . She knew the Hebrew\r\nbeautifully. She wrote this lovely speech about her parents and her ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566#t=1350.0,1380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566/transcript/61445/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"teachers.\n\r\nShe sang beautifully. I said, \"Oh my gosh, this is serious. There's a big crowd\r\nhere. This girl knows what she's doing. I better get back on it.\" Then I went\r\nahead and went back to Hebrew school regularly and got it done, but it was\r\nPhyllis who inspired me. Phyllis was a very bright student. She was always\r\ncarrying all these ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566#t=1380.0,1410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566/transcript/61445/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"books\n\r\nand they were falling off . . . I picked them up and volunteered to carry her\r\nbooks. She was very outgoing, popular, friendly. I learned as I got to know her\r\nbetter, she was really a very insightful person who could express her emotions\r\nreadily. I was . . .\r\n\r\nLEVINE: How ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566#t=1410.0,1440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566/transcript/61445/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"long\n\r\ndid it take you to . . . When were you married?\r\n\r\nFRANCO: This was in high school.\r\n\r\nLEVINE: Okay.\r\n\r\nFRANCO: This was in high school and in the 10th grade, I got up the nerve to ask\r\nher to a banquet, for an AZA [Aleph Zadik Aleph] banquet, which she was a\r\nknockout in this . . . and my parents were there because I was president of this\r\nAZA club. She was so popular I couldn't get a date with ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566#t=1440.0,1470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566/transcript/61445/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"her;\n\r\nshe was always dated up. Then graduation night, at which she was the\r\nsalutatorian, the girl with the highest average. She gave the speech, and we\r\nwent out after graduation and from then on.\r\n\r\nLEVINE: You were a couple from high school on?\r\n\r\nFRANCO: Yes, from that summer, we were at ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566#t=1470.0,1500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566/transcript/61445/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"[indistinct:\n\r\n] Day Camp as counselors. We started dating at ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566#t=1500.0,1530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566/transcript/61445/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"night\n\r\nand parking at her old house and the romance grew. When she went off to\r\nNorthwestern [University], I thought, she'll find somebody up there that'll\r\nsweep her away but fortunately, she came back. After two years, she came back to\r\nEmory so we could be together and then we got married during my first year in\r\nmed school.\r\n\r\nLEVINE: Then you went on to become a neurologist?\r\n\r\nFRANCO: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566#t=1530.0,1560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566/transcript/61445/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yes.\n\r\nLEVINE: You went in practice in Atlanta?\r\n\r\nFRANCO: Yes, and with some wonderful partners who were a year or two ahead of\r\nme, Brem Mayer, Bill Stuart, Lee Lindsey, he was a pediatric neurologist. The\r\nfour of us . . . Then we quickly added more neurologists, and it was a very\r\nexciting time because there was very ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566#t=1560.0,1590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566/transcript/61445/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"little\n\r\nneurology practiced out in the community. The department under Herb Karp\r\ncontinued in teaching, but in private practice, they were very few. Most of the\r\ntime we'd been told there was no need for a neurologist, we wouldn't be able to\r\nmake a living, so on. It worked out very well. We were able to be on the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566#t=1590.0,1620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566/transcript/61445/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"staff\n\r\nof many hospitals. We were also able to get the first CT scanner in Atlanta. I\r\nhad done a stint of six months in neurology at the Queen Square Hospital, the\r\nNational Hospital for Nervous Diseases in London. It turned out, I met there\r\nanother neurologist from ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566#t=1620.0,1650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566/transcript/61445/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"America,\n\r\nBob Ackerman, who was the brother of Charlie Ackerman, the well-known real\r\nestate developer here in Atlanta and very adventurous man. The CT scanner was\r\nbeing developed in England and this was a revolutionary thing, for which the\r\ndeveloper won the Nobel Prize. Bringing the CT scanner to Atlanta ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566#t=1650.0,1680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566/transcript/61445/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"changed\n\r\nthe whole practice of neurology and, of course, medicine in general. Then the\r\nMRI machine was developed. The beauty of having trained before that technology\r\nand then after was that we had to hone our clinical skills to a greater degree\r\nand not be so dependent on the technology. But it was wonderful because you ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566#t=1680.0,1710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566/transcript/61445/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"got\n\r\nthe feedback from your diagnosis or what you supposed was the diagnosis. Then\r\nwhen the technology developed that confirmed what you thought or not, it made a\r\nhuge difference in how we practice. Very exciting time.\r\n\r\nLEVINE: It must have been, and you were in practice for how many years?\r\n\r\nFRANCO: 47 years.\r\n\r\nLEVINE: You've seen a lot of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566#t=1710.0,1740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566/transcript/61445/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"changes.\n\r\nNot just a CT scan, but what changes have you seen in the practice of medicine\r\nduring those 47 years?\r\n\r\nFRANCO: Clearly, the status and the control that physicians had of the medical\r\nsystem completely changed. Largely, physicians became ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566#t=1740.0,1770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566/transcript/61445/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"units\n\r\nwithin the system rather than having the professional control and authority. The\r\ninsurance companies dominated. It's a tremendous reversal. Medicine really did\r\nbecome an industry and what look like . . . things that look like they could be\r\nreal advances, the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566#t=1770.0,1800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566/transcript/61445/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"electronic\n\r\nmedical record, for example, where the information would be universally\r\navailable, whatever city you were in. It turned out the companies that developed\r\nthese things were able to lobby so that it was a proprietary thing. The one\r\ndeveloped by this company didn't fit with this company's, so suddenly ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566#t=1800.0,1830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566/transcript/61445/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"practicing\n\r\nat Northside [Hospital] and St. Joseph's [Hospital], their medical record\r\nsystems didn't correlate. You couldn't get information from one to the other,\r\nyou had to make copies here and take them over there. Totally defeated the whole\r\npurpose of the electronic medical record. A lot of things that bowed to the\r\ncommercial pressures took ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566#t=1830.0,1860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566/transcript/61445/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"away\n\r\nfrom the quality of medical care.\r\n\r\nLEVINE: Would you advise somebody to go into medicine today?\r\n\r\nFRANCO: I still would, because the contact with patient. Getting to know\r\nsomebody as an individual, trying to evaluate the puzzle of what these symptoms\r\nmean, and how significant they are, and what kind of work up do. It's very\r\nchallenging. It's very stimulating. It's ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566#t=1860.0,1890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566/transcript/61445/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"interesting,\n\r\nbut I think doctors today confront having to fit into the system. I'm not sure\r\nit's for everybody, but I still would advise people to go into medicine. Definitely.\r\n\r\nLEVINE: This has been very interesting. Is there anything else that you would\r\nlike to talk about? Anything that you would like to discuss?\r\n\r\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566#t=1890.0,1920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566/transcript/61445/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FRANCO:\n\r\nI'm proud of Atlanta's growth and development and the migration of people that\r\ncame to Atlanta that have enhanced the culture, the economy, the level of\r\neducation. I'm very stimulated by that fact. In the Jewish community, the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566#t=1920.0,1950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566/transcript/61445/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"growth,\n\r\nthe input a lot of bright people. Being the seed of much of the Civil Rights\r\nMovement. I've been very proud of this city. During my wife's . . . We had three\r\nchildren. Phyllis was a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566#t=1950.0,1980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566/transcript/61445/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"wonderful\n\r\nhomemaker and at the same time very involved in the community. She became a\r\nwonderful artist after she finished Emory, then later went back to Georgia State\r\n[University], got another Bachelor's, but this time in fine art. Then a masters\r\nin studio art. We had just wonderful years together. She developed ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566#t=1980.0,2010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566/transcript/61445/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Alzheimer's\n\r\nand I knew it right away because suddenly she was asking me questions about\r\nthings that I normally would ask her questions like, \"Who's that over there at\r\nthis party?\" And, \"Where are we supposed to be?\" Phyllis knew what was coming,\r\nwhat she was in for, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566#t=2010.0,2040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566/transcript/61445/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but\n\r\nshe maintained a beautiful attitude, positive, upbeat. The sad thing was to see\r\nher losing her skills. She played piano beautifully and then it got simpler, and\r\nshe lost the skill. The same with her art. My daughters would paint with her, my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566#t=2040.0,2070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566/transcript/61445/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"daughter,\n\r\nRebecca, Meryl. My son Lewis, by this time, had moved to Vermont and married.\r\nAll three of the children married, and we have four grandchildren. I retired\r\nfrom practice in order to take care of Phyllis, which was the best thing I could\r\nhave done, because that way we got to spend a lot more time together. I'd always\r\nfelt that I didn't get ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566#t=2070.0,2100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566/transcript/61445/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"enough\n\r\nof Phyllis because I was busy with the medical practice. As you yourself were,\r\nwhen you retired, you probably got to know your wife even better.\r\n\r\nLEVINE: Still am.\r\n\r\nFRANCO: Exactly. The same thing happened with me, spending time with Phyllis so\r\nthat we did everything together. As sad as it was to see her ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566#t=2100.0,2130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566/transcript/61445/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"decline,\n\r\nI've been very grateful that we had all that time.\r\n\r\nLEVINE: We're very happy that you were able to come today for this interview.\r\nThank you very much, Dr. Franco.\r\n\r\nFRANCO: My pleasure, thank ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566#t=2130.0,2160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566/transcript/61445/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you.\n\r","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566#t=2160.0,2160.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566/annotation_set/1239","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Annotations [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566/annotation_set/1239/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDr. Michael Levine (b. 1934) is a member of the Atlanta Jewish Community and a retired pediatric doctor. Levine was born in Boston, Massachusetts, and attended Tufts College (now Tufts University) and Tufts University School of Medicine. He completed his residency and training in pediatrics at the New England Medical Center Hospital in Boston. In 1962, Levine married Esther Gerson and together they had three children, Elisa, Joshua, and Shira. Levine served two years in the Air Force during the Vietnam War, upon finishing his service, he and his wife moved to Atlanta, Georgia and he went into pediatric practice. He served as Chief of Pediatrics at Northside Hospital and later Chief of the Medical-Dental staff at Scottish Rite Children’s Hospital. He was also integral to bringing the first pediatric specialists to Atlanta. He practiced pediatric medicine at what would become Northside Pediatrics until his retirement in 2008.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566/annotation_set/1239/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum in Atlanta celebrates and commemorates Jewish history, culture, and art through events and museum spaces. The Breman also contains the Cuba Family Archives for Southern Jewish History, which houses thousands of manuscripts, oral histories, and photograph collections, related to southern Jewish history and the Holocaust.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566/annotation_set/1239/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJoseph David Franco (1910-2008) was a member of the Atlanta Jewish community. Franco was born in Rhodes, Greece’s Dodecanese islands, and immigrated to the United States in 1931, becoming a naturalized citizen in 1939. Franco had seven siblings, Morris, Isaac, Sam, Victor, Jack, Susie, and Sara. He attended Emory University, where he graduated with a degree in economics. He worked for the U.S. government in Bogota, Columbia, procuring quinine, a treatment for malaria. In Atlanta, Franco owned apartment buildings and a liquor store, Roxy Liquor Store. He was an active member of Congregation Or VeShalom, serving as vice president. He married Rachael Saul in 1934 and they had four children, Richard, Ramon, Renee, and Rita. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566/annotation_set/1239/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRachel [Saul] Franco (1913-1998) was a member of the Atlanta Jewish community. Saul was born in Izmir [Turkish: İzmir], Turkey [Türkiye], and immigrated to the United States in 1913. She grew up in Asheville, North Carolina, and moved to Atlanta, Georgia, where she met Joseph Franco. They married in 1934 and they had four children, Richard, Ramon, Renee, and Rita.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566/annotation_set/1239/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRhodes is a Greek island in the Aegean Sea, off the southwest coast of Turkey. It is the largest island of the Dodecanese archipelago and serves as the capital of the Greek Islands. In the 19th century, the island was home to various ethnic groups, including Jews, whose presence dates back 2,300 years, with Kahal Shalom Synagogue being established in 1557. In 1840, Jewish citizens were falsely accused of ritually murdering a boy by the Greek Orthodox community in an event that is known as the Rhodes blood libel. At its peak in the 1920s, the Jewish community was one-third of the town's total population. The Jewish community on the island was severely impacted by the Holocaust and few Jews live on the island year-round today. In 1997, the Jewish Museum of Rhodes was established to preserve the Jewish history and culture of Rhodes.  \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566/annotation_set/1239/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIzmir [Turkish: İzmir] is a city on the west coast of Anatolia and capital of İzmir Province. It is the third most populous city in Turkey [Türkiye] and one of the largest metropolitan areas on the Aegean Sea. Records of urban history for the city date back 3,000 years and the history of human settlement date back 8,500 years. The city has been traditionally known by the Greek name Smyrna, remaining in use until 1930 when it was phased out in favor of the Turkish name Izmir. Izmir is home to Türkiye’s second-largest Jewish community after Istanbul. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566#t=60.0,90.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566/annotation_set/1239/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWorld War I, also called First World War or Great War, was an international conflict that in 1914–18 embroiled most of the nations of Europe along with Russia, the United States, the Middle East, and other regions. The war pitted the Central Powers—mainly Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Turkey—against the Allies—mainly France, Great Britain, Russia, Italy, Japan, and, from 1917, the United States. It ended with the defeat of the Central Powers.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566#t=60.0,90.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566/annotation_set/1239/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRebecca [Amato] Saul (1892-1982) was a member of the Atlanta Jewish community. Saul was born in Rhodes, Greece's Dodecanese islands, and married Raymond Saul in 1912. Together they had three children, Rachel, and later, Sarah and Esther. She immigrated to Asheville, North Carolina in 1913 with her daughter Rachel to join her husband, Raymond, becoming a naturalized citizen in 1932. She raised her family in Atlanta, Georgia. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566#t=60.0,90.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566/annotation_set/1239/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Belgian Congo was a Belgian colony in Central Africa from 1908 to 1960 when the country gained independence and adopted its present name, the Democratic Republic of the Congo in 1964. Belgian occupation of the Congo began in the late 19th century under the rule of King Leopold II, establishing the Congo Free State in 1885. Violence and oppression enacted by Free State officials against indigenous Congolese led to diplomatic pressure on Belgium to take control of the country, creating the Belgian Congo in 1908. Belgian rule was based on controlling the government, the economy, and enforcing Christianity. In 1960, the pro-independence movement gained traction and the country achieved independence. Conflict between political factions within the country, the involvement of Belgium, the United States, and the Soviet Union led to five years of war and instability known as the Congo Crisis. This crisis ended with the seizure of power by Mobutu Sese Seko in 1965. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566#t=90.0,120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566/annotation_set/1239/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEmory University is a private research university in Atlanta, Georgia. Founded in 1836 as \"Emory College\" by the Methodist Episcopal Church and named in honor of Methodist bishop John Emory, Emory is the second-oldest private institution of higher education in Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566#t=120.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566/annotation_set/1239/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAlso known as \"Judeo-Spanish,\" Ladino is a Romance language derived from Old Spanish originally spoken in the former territories of the Ottoman Empire (the Balkans, Turkey, the Middle East, and North Africa) as well as in France, Italy, the Netherlands, Morocco, and the United Kingdom. Today, Ladino is spoken mainly by Sephardic minorities in more than 30 countries.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566#t=150.0,180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566/annotation_set/1239/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIsaac David Franco (1899-1990) was a member of the Atlanta Jewish community. Franco was born in Rhodes, Greece's Dodecanese islands, and immigrated to the United States and became a naturalized citizen in 1923. Franco had seven siblings, Morris, Sam, Joe, Victor, Jack, Susie, and Sara. He owned and operated delicatessens in Atlanta and was an active member of Congregation Or VeShalom for over 75 years. He married Rachel Amato and they had one child, Renee. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566#t=180.0,210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566/annotation_set/1239/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eVictor David Franco (1896-1965) was a member of the Atlanta Jewish community. Franco was born in Rhodes, Greece's Dodecanese islands, and immigrated to the United States where he joined Congregation Or VeShalom. Franco had seven siblings, Morris, Isaac, Sam, Joe, Jack, Susie, and Sara. He married Mary de Leon and they had one child, David in 1939. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566#t=180.0,210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566/annotation_set/1239/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMorris David Franco (1892-1970) was a member of the Atlanta Jewish community. Franco was born in Rhodes, Greece's Dodecanese islands, and immigrated to the United States where he joined Congregation Or VeShalom and served as president of the congregation. He was the owner of Atkins Park Deli and a member of B'nai B'rith and the Progressive Club. Franco had seven siblings, Isaac, Sam, Joe, Victor, Jack, Susie, and Sara. He married Salva Tarica and they had two children, David and Aaron. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566#t=180.0,210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566/annotation_set/1239/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSam David Franco (1902-1977) was a member of the Atlanta Jewish community. Franco was born in Rhodes, Greece's Dodecanese islands, and immigrated to the United States where he joined Congregation Or VeShalom. Franco had seven siblings, Morris, Isaac, Joe, Victor, Jack, Susie, and Sara. He married Marie Franco and together they had two children, David and Rachel. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566#t=180.0,210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566/annotation_set/1239/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJack David Franco (1904-1999) was a member of the Atlanta Jewish community. Franco was born in Rhodes, Greece's Dodecanese islands, and immigrated to the United States where he joined Congregation Or VeShalom. He owned multiple delicatessens in Atlanta, including Franco’s Delicatessen and Roxy’s Delicatessen. He was a member of B'nai B'rith and a supporter of Israel Bonds. Franco had seven siblings, Morris, Isaac, Sam, Joe, Victor, Susie, and Sara. He married Catherine Benbenisty and together they had three children, Betty, Stella, and Jeanie. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566#t=180.0,210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566/annotation_set/1239/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSephardic Jews are the Jews of Spain, Portugal, North Africa, and the Middle East, and their descendants. The adjective “Sephardic” and corresponding nouns Sephardi (singular) and Sephardim (plural) are derived from the Hebrew word Sepharad, which refers to Spain. Historically, the vernacular language of Sephardic Jews was Ladino, a Romance language derived from Old Spanish, incorporating elements from the old Romance languages of the Iberian Peninsula, Hebrew, Aramaic, and in the lands receiving those who were exiled, Ottoman Turkish, Arabic, Greek, Bulgarian, and Serbo-Croatian vocabulary.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566#t=210.0,240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566/annotation_set/1239/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eNew Orleans, Louisiana sits on the Mississippi River near the Gulf of Mexico. The city is nicknamed the \"Big Easy\" and is known for its live music scene and cuisine that reflects the French, African, and American cultures that influenced the city.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566#t=210.0,240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566/annotation_set/1239/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMontgomery is the capital city of the state of Alabama. The city was founded in 1819 and was named for Continental Army General Richard Montgomery. During the Civil War, the city was the first capital of the Confederate States of America until the capital was moved to Richmond, Virginia. During the Civil War Movement, the city was the center of various events including the Montgomery bus boycott and the Selma to Montgomery marches.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566#t=210.0,240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566/annotation_set/1239/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAsheville, North Carolina is a city located on the junction of the French Broad and Swannanoa rivers in Buncombe County, North Carolina. It is the largest city in Western North Carolina. Before the arrival of Europeans, where Asheville exists was part of the Cherokee Nation. Colonization of the area began in 1784, Buncombe County was formed in 1792, and the county seat was named Morristown. In 1797, Morristown was incorporated and renamed Asheville after North Carolina Governor Samuel Ashe. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566#t=240.0,270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566/annotation_set/1239/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWorld War II (abbreviated WWII or WW2) was a global war involving fighting in most of the world and most countries. Most countries fought in the years 1939–1945 but some started fighting in 1937. Most of the world's countries, including all the great powers, fought as part of two military alliances: the Allies and the Axis Powers. World War II was the largest and deadliest conflict in all of history. It involved more countries, cost more money, involved more people, and killed more people than any other war in history. Between 50 to 85 million people died. The majority were civilians. It included massacres, the deliberate genocide of the Holocaust, strategic bombing, starvation, disease, and the only use of nuclear weapons against civilians in history.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566#t=360.0,390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566/annotation_set/1239/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Board of Economic Warfare was established by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1941, during World War II, to procure and maintain production of all imported materials for the war effort and civilian economy. The Board was divided into three main parts, the Office of Exports, the Office of Imports, and the Office of Economic Warfare Analysis. Brigadier General Russell Lamont Maxwell was head of the operation. It was ended by an Executive Order in 1943, becoming the Office of Economic Warfare. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566#t=360.0,390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566/annotation_set/1239/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBogota [Spanish: Bogotá], known officially as Bogotá, Distrito Capital, and formerly known as Santa Fe de Bogotá during the Spanish Colonial period, is the capital city of Columbia. Bogota is one of the largest cities in the world, and the main political economic, administrative, industrial, technological, and educational center of Columbia. The city was founded as the capital of the New Kingdom of Granada in 1538 by Spain. Columbia gained independence in 1810 and the city was later renamed Bogota as a way of honoring the Muisca indigenous people and an act of emancipation towards the Spanish Empire. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566#t=390.0,420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566/annotation_set/1239/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRamon Saul Franco (b. 1942) is an otolaryngologist doctor and member of the Atlanta Jewish community. He is one of four children born to Joseph David Franco and Rachel [Saul] Franco. He is married to Jody Franco. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566#t=390.0,420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566/annotation_set/1239/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Cinchona Mission was a series of expeditions from 1942 to 1945 led by the U.S. Government to find natural sources of quinine, a treatment for malaria in South America during World War II. With the establishment of cinchona plantations, by 1913, 95 percent of quinine production was controlled by the Dutch. In 1942, during World War II, the Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies cut off the supply of quinine to the Allies, prompting the establishment of the U.S. Board of Economic Warfare that managed the procurement and production of imported materials for the war. The objective of the Cinchona Mission was to find cinchona bark in the Andes for military use. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566#t=390.0,420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566/annotation_set/1239/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Andes Mountains or Andean Mountain Range are the longest continental mountain range in the world, located along the western edge of South America. The Andes extend through seven South American Countries, Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Chile, and Argentina. It is the highest mountain range outside of Asia and it has the world’s highest volcanoes, including Ojos del Salado on the Chile-Argentina border. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566#t=420.0,450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566/annotation_set/1239/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eQuinine is a medication used to treat malaria and babesiosis that can be taken by mouth or intravenously. Quinine was also traditionally used as an ingredient in tonic water as a preventative treatment for malaria. Today, tonic water usually has much lower quinine content. Quinine comes from the bark of the cinchona tree, native to South America, and first used by indigenous people to treat malaria. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, however, it is no longer recommended as a first-line treatment for malaria, as other substances have been proven equally effective with fewer side effects. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566#t=420.0,450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566/annotation_set/1239/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRenee Franco (b. 1943) is a member of the Atlanta Jewish community and one of four children born to Joseph David Franco and Rachel [Saul] Franco. She was born in Bogota [Spanish: Bogotá], Columbia while her father was stationed there with the Board of Economic Warfare. She is a retired geriatric social worker at Emory Hospital. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566#t=420.0,450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566/annotation_set/1239/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSamuel M. Inman Middle School began as an elementary school in 1924, named for Samuel Martin Inman (1843-1915), an Atlanta civic leader who was passionate about education and philanthropy. The school has been enlarged many times over the years, and in 1978, Inman was converted into a middle school.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566#t=450.0,480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566/annotation_set/1239/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMorningside/Lenox Park is a neighborhood in Atlanta, Georgia founded in 1923. It is located north of Virginia-Highland, east of Ansley Park, and west of Druid Hills. Approximately 3,500 households comprise the neighborhood that includes the original subdivisions of Morningside, Lenox Park, University Park, Noble Park, Johnson Estates, and Hylan Park. After World War II, residents of heavily Jewish Washington-Rawson and Summerhill neighborhoods south of the State Capitol relocated to northeast Atlanta including Morningside when those old Jewish neighborhoods were demolished to make way for the Downtown Connector freeway and Turner Field.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566#t=450.0,480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566/annotation_set/1239/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRhina [Shaffer] Tuck (1938-2022) was a member of the Atlanta Jewish Community. Tuck attended Grady High School and was very involved with Camp Judaea. She met her husband Leon Tuck at a BBYO basketball game and together they had two children, Stuart and Sam. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566#t=480.0,510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566/annotation_set/1239/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMarshall Solomon (1939-2012) was an active member of the Atlanta Jewish community. He is one of three children born to Philip H. and Dorothy Solomon. He graduated from Grady High School, and owned and operated Comet Manufacturing Corporation, later becoming a divorce mediator. He was an active member of B'nai B'rith, made regular visits to Jewish prisoners at the Federal Penitentiary, and served as president of Ahavath Achim Synagogue. He had three children, Doug, Caren, and Danny. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566#t=480.0,510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566/annotation_set/1239/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eArthur Solomon (b. 1943) is one of three children born to Philip H. and Dorothy Solomon. He graduated from Grady High School in Atlanta, Georgia, and currently lives in Nevada. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566#t=480.0,510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566/annotation_set/1239/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMorningside Elementary School is an Atlanta Public School that opened in 1929 in the Morningside neighborhood of Atlanta, Georgia. Morningside feeds into Inman Middle School and Grady High School. It serves the neighborhoods of Morningside, Lenox Park, Sherwood Forest, Piedmont Heights, and Ansley Park.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566#t=480.0,510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566/annotation_set/1239/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHelen [Simpson] Callaway (1918-2010) was an elementary school teacher and school principal in the Atlanta City School System. She attended Girls High School in Atlanta, Agnes Scott College, and attained her master’s degree from Emory University. She was the youngest school principal in the Atlanta City School System at McClatchey Elementary School. Callaway was also a musician, playing organ, piano, and saxophone. She was a long-time member of Northside Drive Baptist Church and Druid Hills Country Club. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566#t=480.0,510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566/annotation_set/1239/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFranklin Delano Roosevelt (1882-1945) was the 32nd President of the United States and a central figure in world events during the mid-twentieth century, leading the United States through a time of worldwide economic crisis and war. Popularly known as “FDR,” he collapsed and died in his home in Warm Springs, Georgia just a few months before the end of World War II. He was a Democrat. FDR was an avid horseback rider and enjoyed an active early life. He was diagnosed with infantile paralysis, better known as polio, in 1921, at the age of 39. Despite permanent paralysis from the waist down, he was careful never to be seen using his wheelchair in public, and great care was taken to prevent any portrayal in the press that would highlight his disability.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566#t=510.0,540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566/annotation_set/1239/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Great Depression was a severe worldwide economic depression in the decade preceding World War II. The time of the Great Depression varied across nations, but in most countries, it started in about 1929, when the American stock market crashed, and lasted until the late 1930s or early 1940s. It was the longest, most widespread, and deepest depression of the twentieth century. The Great Depression is often seen as the major turning point in 20th-century world history. In Europe, World War I had a long-term impact on the economy and financial stability. Postwar inflation spiraled into hyperinflation by the 1920's and European banks struggled to stay open. Exasperating the situation were skyrocketing unemployment rates. The Great Depression had immediately visible political and social ramifications in Europe, including increased antisemitism and nationalism.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566#t=510.0,540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566/annotation_set/1239/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAdolf Hitler (1889-1945) was a German politician who was the leader of the Nazi Party, Chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945, and Führer (“leader”) of Nazi Germany from 1934 to 1945. As dictator of Nazi Germany, he initiated World War II in Europe with the invasion of Poland in September 1939 and was a central figure of the Holocaust. Hitler applied for entrance into the Academy of Fine Arts in Vienna, Austria twice and was twice rejected, once in 1907 and again in 1908. For the next five years, Hitler struggled to earn money by selling small paintings, mostly images of buildings and other landmarks in Vienna that he copied from postcards. By 1914, Hitler was serving in World War I and would later enter politics. In his autobiographical manifesto, Mein Kampf, Hitler claimed that his antisemitic views formed during his time as a struggling artist in Vienna. His frustrated art career became part of the myth making—by Hitler himself and by his followers—that helped drive his fateful rise to power in Germany. Hitler was drafted for Austrian military service at the beginning of World War I but turned down due to lack of fitness. After moving to Germany, he enlisted as a German soldier in the summer of 1914 and was deployed to Belgium in October. Over the next two years, Hitler served first as an infantryman and then as a private. He won two decorations for bravery, including the Iron Cross First Class and was wounded twice. He was recovering from his second injury when the war ended.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566#t=510.0,540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566/annotation_set/1239/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFascism is a far-right political ideology that emphasizes extreme nationalism and militarism, characterized by a dictatorial leader, suppression of opposition, belief in a natural social hierarchy, and the perceived superiority of a nation or race. Fascism views imperialism, political violence, and war as a means of national rejuvenation. The political ideology's extreme nationalism and belief in superiority have led fascist regimes to commit genocide, massacres, forced sterilizations, and forced deportation. Fascism rose to prominence in Europe during the early 20th century, particularly in Italy and Germany, leading, in part, to World War II and the Holocaust.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566#t=510.0,540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566/annotation_set/1239/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCongregation Or VeShalom was established in Atlanta, Georgia by refugees of the Ottoman Empire, namely from Turkey and the Isle of Rhodes. The Sephardic congregation began in 1920 and was based at Central and Woodward Avenues until 1948 when it moved to a larger building on North Highland Road. Or VeShalom’s current synagogue is located on North Druid Hills Road. As of 2022, the congregation’s rabbi is Josh Hearshen.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566#t=660.0,690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566/annotation_set/1239/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRabbi Joseph Isaac Cohen (1896-1985) was born in Constantinople (now Istanbul), Turkey. He was trained for the rabbinate in Turkey and accepted his first pulpit in Havana, Cuba in 1920. In 1934 he moved to Atlanta, Georgia, where he was installed as the rabbi of Congregation Or VeShalom, a Sephardic synagogue. Rabbi Cohen officially retired in 1969 but remained active at both the synagogue and in the community until his death.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566#t=690.0,720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566/annotation_set/1239/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAhavath Achim Synagogue (often referred to as \"AA\") was founded as an Orthodox congregation in 1887 in a small room on Gilmer Street. In 1901 they moved to a permanent building at the corner of Piedmont Avenue and Gilmer Street. In 1921, the congregation constructed a synagogue at Washington Street and Woodward Avenue. It joined the Conservative movement in 1952. The final service in the Washington Street building was held in 1958 to make way for construction of the Downtown Connector (the concurrent section of Interstate 75 and Interstate 85 through Atlanta). The synagogue moved to its current location on Peachtree Battle Avenue in 1958. As of 2022, Ahavath Achim is the largest Conservative synagogue in the Atlanta area and its current Senior Rabbi is Laurence Rosenthal.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566#t=750.0,780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566/annotation_set/1239/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJerry Blumenthal is an active member of the Atlanta Jewish community, serving on boards for the William Breman Jewish Home, Ahavath Achim synagogue, and GHA (Atlanta Jewish Academy). He has also been involved with the Jewish Federation of Greater Atlanta. He has been married to Elaine Blumenthal for more than 50 years, together they had four children. The William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum holds a collection of programs and directories, from 1970 to 2011, from the Davis Academy, Epstein School, and Greenfield Hebrew Academy; academies that Elaine and Jerry Blumenthal donated their time and money to in their dedication to their community.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566#t=810.0,840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566/annotation_set/1239/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDr. Steven L. Sanders (1939-2003) was a surgeon and member of the Atlanta Jewish community. Sanders was a member of Temple Sinai. He was married to Linda Sanders, and they had two children, David and Mark. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566#t=810.0,840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566/annotation_set/1239/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRonald Davis Balser is a businessman, philanthropist, and active member of the Atlanta Jewish community. Balser graduated from The Wharton School at the University of Pennsylvania with a degree in economics and entered the insurance industry, founding Balser Companies. Balser sold the business in 2007 and focused on his involvement in the art world, founding Balser Art Ventures, and serving on the boards of the Santa Fe Opera and Atlanta’s High Museum of Art. He served as a National Commissioner of the Anti-Defamation League (ADL). He and his wife, Barbara, are Founding Lifetime Members of the United States Holocaust Museum Circle of Freedom Donors. Balser and his wife have six children and live in Florida, with homes in Naples, Atlanta, and Santa Fe. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566#t=810.0,840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566/annotation_set/1239/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRaymond (born Rahamin) Saul (1886-1953) was a member of the Atlanta Jewish community. Franco was born in Rhodes, Greece's Dodecanese islands, and married Rebecca Amato in 1912. Together they had three children, Rachel, and later, Sarah and Esther. He immigrated to Asheville, North Carolina, becoming a naturalized citizen in 1925. He was joined by his wife and daughter Rachel in 1913. He owned delicatessens in Asheville and Atlanta, Georgia. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566#t=840.0,870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566/annotation_set/1239/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Atlanta University Center is the largest contiguous consortium of African Americans in higher education in the United States. The center consists of four historically Black colleges and universities in southwest Atlanta, Georgia. The institutions included in this consortium are Clark Atlanta University, Spelman College, Morehouse College, and the Morehouse School of Medicine.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566#t=870.0,900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566/annotation_set/1239/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Ku Klux Klan (or Knights of the Ku Klux Klan today, also referred to as the KKK) is a white supremacist, white nationalist, anti-immigration, anti-Jewish, anti-Catholic, anti-Black secret society, whose methods have included terrorism and murder. It was founded in the South in the 1860s and then died out and has come back several times, most notably in the 1920s when membership soared again, and then again in the 1960s during the civil rights era. When the Klan was re-founded in 1915 in Georgia, the event was marked by a cross burning on Stone Mountain. In the past, its members dressed up in white robes and pointed hoods designed to hide their identity and to terrify. It is still in existence.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566#t=930.0,960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566/annotation_set/1239/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDetroit is the largest city in the midwestern state of Michigan in the United States. In the mid and late twentieth century, it was known as an industrial powerhouse and as “Motor City” for its ties to the auto industry. Its location on the Detroit River also made it a major shipping commerce hub. The city entered a significant state of urban decay following the loss of jobs in the auto industry and rapid suburbanization. The population declined significantly, and the city filed for bankruptcy in 2013, successfully exiting in 2014. In recent years, Detroit has been revitalized, being described as a city of renaissance as it successfully reversed the negative trends of prior decades. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566#t=960.0,990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566/annotation_set/1239/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGeneral Motors Company/GMC roots date back to 1900, when brothers Max and Morris Grabowsky started ‘Grabowsky Motor Company’ in Detroit, Michigan. The company was moved to Pontiac, Michigan, and renamed Rapid Motor Vehicle Company. In 1909, William C. Durant took control of Rapid Motor Vehicle and made it a subsidiary of his company. By 1911, he formed the General Motors Truck Company and rolled the Rapid Motor Vehicle and Reliance Motor Car Companies into GMC. Today, the company is a division of General Motors and continues to manufacture trucks, SUVs, vans, and light-duty trucks.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566#t=960.0,990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566/annotation_set/1239/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGrady Memorial Hospital is the largest hospital in Georgia and the fifth-largest public hospital in the United States. It is considered one of the premier public hospitals in the Southeast. The 961-bed hospital was founded in 1890.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566#t=1020.0,1050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566/annotation_set/1239/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMidtown High School, formerly Henry W. Grady High School, is a public high school located in Atlanta, Georgia, United States. It began as Boys High School and was one of the first two high schools established by Atlanta Public Schools in 1872. In 1947, the school was named after Henry W. Grady, a famous journalist and orator in the Reconstruction Era, but controversially, a white supremacist. In December 2020, the school's name was changed to Midtown High School.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566#t=1050.0,1080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566/annotation_set/1239/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCharlayne Hunter-Gault (b. 1942) holds a place in Georgia's civil rights history as one of the first two African-American students (along with Hamilton Holmes) admitted to the University of Georgia in 1961. She graduated in 1963. She has worked as a journalist and former foreign correspondent for National Public Radio and the Public Broadcasting Service. She is married to Ronald T. Gault and lives in Johannesburg, South Africa.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566#t=1050.0,1080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566/annotation_set/1239/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe University of Georgia (UGA) is a public land grant university, which was founded in 1785 making it one of the oldest universities in the United States. Its main campus is in Athens, Georgia with two satellite campuses in Atlanta and Lawrenceville. It is the flagship school of the University System of Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566#t=1050.0,1080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566/annotation_set/1239/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Emory University School of Medicine is the graduate medical school of Emory University, a private research university in Atlanta, Georgia. The University School of Medicine was formed in 1915 from the merger of the Atlanta Medical College, the Southern Medical College, and the Atlanta School of Medicine. The school is located on the university’s main campus in the Druid Hills neighborhood. The medical school offers a full-time Doctor of Medicine degree program, master’s programs in Anesthesiology and Genetic Counseling, and degrees in Physical Therapy and Physician Assistant training.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566#t=1080.0,1110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566/annotation_set/1239/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDr. Herbert Rubin Karp (1922-2016), a native of Atlanta, was a prominent neurologist and chair of Emory University's Department of Neurology. In 1983, Dr. Karp became the inaugural medical director at the Wesley Woods Center, the nation's first geriatric hospital. He was president of the Ahavath Achim Synagogue where, for over three decades, he sounded the shofar during the High Holy Days services.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566#t=1080.0,1110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566/annotation_set/1239/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDr. Robert Franklin Kibler, Sr. (1924-2021) was a neurologist specializing in the causes and treatment of Multiple Sclerosis at Emory University. Kibler was born in Honolulu, Hawaii, and attended high school in Washington, D.C., graduating with his undergraduate and medical degrees from Duke University. He became the first academic neurologist on staff at the University of Pittsburg and went on to become a faculty member at Emory University. He retired from Emory in 1990 and received the Distinguished Emeritus Award. Kibler married Jane Kornegay and they had three children, Frank, Kathy, and Claire. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566#t=1110.0,1140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566/annotation_set/1239/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDr. John Willis Hurst (1920-2011) was a well-known figure in the cardiovascular health care field, founding member of Emory Clinic in Atlanta, Georgia, and health advisor to U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson during and after his presidency. Hurst was born in Kentucky and grew up in Georgia, he earned a degree in zoology and chemistry from the University of Georgia in 1941 and graduated first in his class from the Medical College of Georgia in 1944. During the Korean War, he was assigned to the Bethesda, Maryland Naval Hospital and Fitzsimons General Hospital near Denver. Hurst was appointed professor and chairman of the Emory University Department of Medicine in 1957 and helped bolster the university’s program and reputation in the medical world. He was also chief of medicine at Grady Memorial Hospital in Atlanta and wrote more than 450 medical journal articles and authored or edited 74 books, including \"The Heart,\" an authoritative textbook of cardiology. He received multiple awards for his work in the field and his teaching, including teaching awards from the American College of Cardiologists and the American College of Physicians, the Crystal Apple teaching award, and the Gifted Teacher honor twice from the American Cardiology Society. He was married to Nelie Hurst and together they had three children, Philip, Stephen, and John, Jr. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566#t=1140.0,1170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566/annotation_set/1239/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDr. Elbert P. Tuttle Jr. (1921-2012) was a renal disease doctor and a pioneer in the development of kidney dialysis. Tuttle was born in Ithaca, New York and moved to Atlanta, Georgia as a child. He graduated from N. Fulton High School as class Valedictorian and attended Princeton University. He served in the Marine Corps before going on to earn his medical degree from Harvard University in 1951. Tuttle was on the faculty of Emory at Grady Memorial Hospital and the first Division Director of Renal Disease. He married Virginia \"Ginny\" Bauer, and they had five children, Guy, David, Jane, Beth, and Richard. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566#t=1140.0,1170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566/annotation_set/1239/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is the leading national public health institute of the United States. The CDC is a United States federal agency under the Department of Health and Human Services, headquartered near Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566#t=1170.0,1200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566/annotation_set/1239/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWashington, D.C. is the United States capital. The city sits on the Potomac River and borders Maryland and Virginia. The city is home to the three branches of the federal government including the the Capitol, the White House, and the Supreme Court. It is also home to various well-known museums and performing arts venues such as the Kennedy Center.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566#t=1170.0,1200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566/annotation_set/1239/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePhyllis Alicia [Alterman] Franco (1938-2022) was a member of the Atlanta Jewish community. She attended Northwestern University before transferring to Emory University. She was a painter and earned her second bachelor’s degree and master’s degree in fine arts and studio arts from Georgia State University. She was married to Dr. Richard Franco in 1960 and they were together for 63 years. They had three children, Lewis, Rebecca, and Meryl. Franco passed away in 2022.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566#t=1290.0,1320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566/annotation_set/1239/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAshkenazi Jews [also known as Ashkenazic Jews or Ashkenazim] are Jews who originally lived in northern and eastern Europe. They once lived in the area of Rhineland and France and after the crusades, they moved to Poland, Lithuania, and Russia. In the 17th century, avoiding persecution, many Jews moved to and settled in Western Europe. As of 2018, Ashkenazim account for about 75% of the world's Jewish population.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566#t=1290.0,1320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566/annotation_set/1239/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHebrew for “daughter of commandments.” A rite of passage for Jewish girls aged 12 years and one day according to her Hebrew birthday. Many girls have their \u003cem\u003ebat mitzvah\u003c/em\u003e around age 13, the same as boys who have their \u003cem\u003ebar mitzvah\u003c/em\u003e at that age. The \u003cem\u003ebat mitzvah\u003c/em\u003e girl is now duty bound to keep the commandments. Synagogue ceremonies are held for \u003cem\u003ebat mitzvah\u003c/em\u003e girls in Reform and Conservative communities, but it has not won the approval of Orthodox rabbis.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566#t=1350.0,1380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566/annotation_set/1239/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAleph Zadik Aleph (AZA) is an international youth-led fraternal organization for Jewish teenage boys. Its sister organization for teenage girls is B'nai B'rith Girls (BBG). B'nai B'rith Youth Organization, now BBYO, is an umbrella organization including Jewish teens in both AZA and BBG.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566#t=1440.0,1470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566/annotation_set/1239/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eNorthwestern University is a private research university in Evanston, Illinois established in 1851. The university’s main campus is on the shores of Lake Michigan in the Chicago metropolitan area. The university was initially affiliated with the Methodist Episcopal Church but later became non-sectarian. Northwestern University has 11 undergraduate, graduate, and professional schools. The university had additional campuses in downtown Chicago, Coral Gables, Florida, San Francisco, California, Doha, Qatar, and Washington, D.C.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566#t=1530.0,1560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566/annotation_set/1239/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDr. Walter Brem Mayer (b. 1935) is a neurologist in Atlanta, Georgia. Mayer was born in Charlotte, North Carolina, graduated from Princeton University, and received his medical degree from Duke University. He has been a faculty member at Emory University Medical School since 1980 and practiced neurology at Emory Clinic, Atlanta Neurological Clinic, and Peachtree Neurological Clinic. He is married to Anne Powning, and they have four children, Penelope, Kimball, Allison, and Courtney.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566#t=1560.0,1590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566/annotation_set/1239/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDr. William H. Stuart is a neurologist in Atlanta, Georgia. Stuart received his medical degree from Northwestern University Medical School and interned at Cleveland Metropolitan General Hospital and completed his residency at Northwestern University. He served as an Epidemic Intelligence Service Officer at the Communicable Disease Center in Atlanta and had a three-year fellowship in Neurology at Emory University Medical School. He is a founding member and practiced neurology at the Atlanta Neurological Clinic. Stuart is also one of the founding members of the American Society of Neuroimaging, developed the Multiple Sclerosis Comprehensive Care and Research Center at Shepherd Center, founded the Atlanta Neuroscience Institute, and was a member of the Executive Committee of the American Academy of Neurology. He was named Clinical Teacher of the Year at Piedmont Hospital twice. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566#t=1560.0,1590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566/annotation_set/1239/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDr. Irby Lehman Lindsey, Jr. (1935-2020) was one of the first certified pediatric neurologists in the state of Georgia, practicing in Atlanta. He graduated from Mercer University in Macon, Georgia, and received his medical degree from the Medical College of Georgia in Augusta. Lindsey served in the Air Force as a flight surgeon and completed his pediatric residency at Emory and Grady Hospitals in Atlanta. He was one of the founding members of the Atlanta Neurological Clinic, he practiced at Scottish Rite and Northside Hospital. He was a member of the Medical Association of Georgia, the American Medical Association, the American Academy of Neurology, the Child Neurology Society, and the American Society of Neuroimaging. Lindsey married Yvonne Grant in 1957, and they had three children, Shannon, Grant, and Matthew. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566#t=1560.0,1590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566/annotation_set/1239/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eNational Hospital For Neurology and Neurosurgery is a neurological hospital in Queen Square, London. It is part of the University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust. It was founded by Johanna Chandler as the National Hospital For the Paralysed and Epileptic in 1859, making it the first hospital established in England dedicated to treating diseases affecting the nervous system. The hospital is closely associated with University College London and partners with the University College London Institute of Neurology, a major center for neuroscience research that shares the location in Queens Square. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566#t=1620.0,1650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566/annotation_set/1239/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA computerized tomography (CT) scan is a medical imaging technique that combines a series of X-rays taken from different angles and uses computer processing to create cross-sectional images of bones, blood vessels, and soft tissue. CT scans are more detailed than regular X-rays and are used to examine internal injuries and diseases. South African American physicist Allan MacLeod Cormack and British electrical engineer Godfrey Hounsfield were jointly awarded the 1979 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for developing computer-assisted tomography. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566#t=1620.0,1650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566/annotation_set/1239/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDr. Robert H. Ackerman (1935-2018) was a neurologist in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Ackerman was raised in New York City, graduated from Brown University, and received his medical degree from Rochester Medical School. He interned at the Mary Imogene Bassett Hospital in Cooperstown, New York, and completed his residencies in neurology and radiology at the Massachusetts General Hospital. From 1970 to 1971, he was the Massachusetts General Hospital Dalton Scholar at the Neurological Institute Queen Square, London where he studied cerebral blood flow techniques. Ackerman’s focus was on stroke disease and the application of radiology to detect and prevent strokes. He helped develop the first non-invasive technique using ultrasound to understand blood flow to the brain to identify patients at risk or who have experienced stroke. He was the program director of the National Institutes of Health, funded Interdepartmental Stroke Center at Massachusetts General Hospital, was an Associate Professor of Radiology at Harvard Medical School, and a Distinguished Scientist at the Department of Radiologic Pathology of the Armed Forces Institute. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566#t=1650.0,1680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566/annotation_set/1239/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCharles Ackerman (1933-2017) was a commercial realtor and businessman in Atlanta, Georgia. Ackerman was raised in New York City and graduated from the University of North Carolina with a Bachelor of Science Degree. He served 2 years in the Army before continuing his education at the Emory University School of Law and Georgia State University where he graduated with a degree in anthropology. He began his career as a real estate agent working for Alan Grayson Realty Co., then established Ackerman \u0026amp; Co. in 1967. He founded REAP Atlanta - Real Estate Apprenticeship for African Americans, served on the Board of Directors of the Buckhead Community Improvement District, the National Board of Governors for the American Jewish Committee, the b Board of Trustee Jewish Federation of Greater Atlanta, and was a founder and member of the Board of Directors for Temple Sinai. Ackerman was appointed by U.S. President George H. W. Bush to serve on the United States Holocaust Museum Board of Trustees from 1990 to 1994 and helped design the National Memorial to Holocaust survivors. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566#t=1650.0,1680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566/annotation_set/1239/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a medical imaging technique that uses a magnetic field and computer-generated radio waves to create cross-sectional and 3D images of organs and soft tissue. MRI does not use X-rays or ionizing radiation, distinguishing it from a computerized tomography (CT) scan. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566#t=1680.0,1710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566/annotation_set/1239/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eNorthside Hospital is a network of hospitals and medical facilities in the Atlanta area. 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Noted legislative achievements during this phase of the Civil Rights Movement were the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the Voting Rights Act of 1965, the Immigration and Nationality Services Act of 1965, and the Fair Housing Act of 1968.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566#t=1950.0,1980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566/annotation_set/1239/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGeorgia State University is a public research university in Atlanta, Georgia. It was founded in 1913 and today has seven campuses around the Atlanta metro area. 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","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566#t=31.0,281.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566/index/81052/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I was born here in Atlanta, Georgia, April 26, 1939. 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","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566#t=281.0,450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566/index/81052/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"My mother had three miscarriages before I was born, and the obstetrician had told her she shouldn't try any more because they were premature and couldn't survive. But this Dr. Bartholomew told my mother to stay in bed during the pregnancy, and she did, so I survived.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566#t=281.0,450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566/index/81052/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Atlanta, Georgia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"World War II","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The Board of Economic Warfare","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Bogota [Spanish: Bogotá], Colombia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ramon Saul Franco","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Cinchona Mission","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566#t=281.0,450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566/index/81052/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Growing up in the Morningside Neighborhood of Atlanta","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566#t=450.0,675.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566/index/81052/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Richard shares about growing in in the Morningside Neighborhood of Atlanta and going to school there. ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566#t=450.0,675.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/113582/file/216566/index/81052/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We came back to Atlanta in 1946, and then I started at S.M. Inman Grammar School. In 1948, we moved to Morningside, and that was really the happiest time of my life because we lived on a dead end street, Zimmer Drive. 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