{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/m32n58d62b/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Storch, Marty (2006)"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["2006-09-12 (creation)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["Video"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source"]},"value":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum","Esther and Herbert Taylor Oral History Collection","Jewish Oral History Project of Atlanta","Legacy Project"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eMarty Storch was interviewed by Sara Ghitis and Ruth Einstein in Atlanta, Georgia on September 12, 2006.\u003c/p\u003e (general)","\u003cp\u003eMarty Storch was born Motek Sztorch in Ozorkow, Poland on January 6, 1924. He was one of four sons and two daughters born to Moishe, a successful businessman, and his wife, Miriam. Miriam died when Marty was three years old, but his father soon remarried. The family attended synagogue and enjoyed a comfortable life until the antisemitism rampant in Germany in the 1930s began to seep into Poland. After the Germans invaded Poland in 1939, the Jews of Orzokow were forced to endure many restrictions and abuses. In 1941, Marty was sent to northern Poland to help build roads for a few months before he was able to return home. Marty’s youngest sister was sent to the Chelmno extermination camp in the spring of 1942 and the rest of the family was sent to the Lodz ghetto in the summer of 1942. In 1943, Marty was sent to Auschwitz-Birkenau, where he was employed as an electrician. His job allowed him access to much of the camp and Marty witnessed many gruesome scenes. In 1944, the family that remained in Lodz was separated. Marty’s father was killed in Lodz, his stepmother and sister sent to a camp, and two of his brothers were sent to Auschwitz-Birkenau. However, Marty was only briefly reunited with his brothers before he was sent to a labor camp in Gorlitz, a town along the German-Polish border. Russian soldiers liberated Marty in Gorlitz on May 8, 1945. He made his way home to Orzokow after some convalescence and was met with some hostility by old neighbors. Marty stayed in his hometown for a little while, living in a friend’s home with other survivors who had returned. Eventually, Marty met his future wife, Dora and her sister, who were the only survivors from their family. Meanwhile, Marty’s brother, Jack, had survived the war, but the brother who had been with them in Auschwitz-Birkenau had died from illness shortly after the war ended. After the war, Jack reunited with a cousin, Rubin, and the two tracked down Marty. Marty and Jack learned that their stepmother and other sister had been drowned shortly before the war ended and their oldest brother, who had fled east at the beginning of the war, had been killed when the Germans invaded the Soviet Union. Jack, Marty, and Rubin survived by engaging in Black Market trading, but soon began to fear for their safety under the Russians. Marty and Dora were hastily married and the foursome fled to the American-occupied zone in Germany. Rubin soon immigrated to the United States. Marty and Jack made a good living off of the Black Market and moved to many different towns. Marty completed his education and Dora gave birth to a daughter. In 1949, Jack, Marty, Dora, and their daughter immigrated to the United States. Jack settled in Atlanta, Georgia with their cousin. Marty and his young family settled in New Jersey briefly before also coming to Atlanta. Marty found work at Lockheed, but soon opened a bar and restaurant with Jack. The brothers then operated a grocery store before Jack decided to venture into building apartments. While building a successful career in Atlanta, Marty and Dora had another daughter and a son. When the children were older, Marty enjoyed travelling and sharing his experiences with schools and other groups. He was immensely proud of his four grandchildren. Marty died in 2007.\u003c/p\u003e (bioghist)","\u003cp\u003eMarty introduces his family and hometown. He describes how life changed during the 1930’s and after the Germans invaded Poland. Marty explains how he was sent out to work building highways and how desperate he was to return home. Marty recounts how his youngest sister was killed, his family sent to the Lodz ghetto, and his father later killed. He outlines how he avoided a transport at the end of the war, returned home after the war, and was eventually reunited with one brother. Marty describes arriving in Auschwitz-Birkenau and shares some of his experiences there, including reuniting with two brothers briefly.  He recalls his experiences and interactions in Gorlitz, Germany at the end of the war. Marty describes where he went after liberation and the process of looking for surviving family. He describes his interactions with the Soviets and Americans. Marty details his career and immigration to the United States. He reflects on his children and grandchildren. He shares stories of the people he has helped over the years or the students he has shared his experiences with. \u003c/p\u003e (scope content)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source Metadata URI"]},"value":{"en":["https://archivesspace.thebreman.org/repositories/2/archival_objects/28039"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject"]},"value":{"en":["Marty Storch (Motek Sztorch) (personal name)","Miriam Lewkowicz Storch (Sztorch) (personal name)","Moishe Storch (Sztorch) (personal name)","Eva Storch (Evie Chaya Sztorch) (personal name)","Rudi Storch (Ruben Sztorch) (personal name)","Nacha Storch (Sztorch) (personal name)","Jack Storch (Itsik Sztorch) (personal name)","Willi Storch (Volek Willi Sztorch) (personal name)","Fajga Storch (Sztorch) (personal name)","Bob Schaffer (personal name)","Dora (Dorothy) Gutman Storch (personal name)","Rubin Lansky (personal name)","Lola Borkowska Lansky (personal name)","Mary Storch (personal name)","Rhona Storch (personal name)","Mark Storch (personal name)","Heinz Ludwig (personal name)","Rabbi Harry Epstein (personal name)","Josef Mengele, The Angel of Death (personal name)","Dr. Johann Paul Kremer (personal name)","Adolf Hitler (personal name)","Ozorkow, Poland (geographic term)","Lodz, Poland (geographic term)","Munich, Germany (geographic term)","Muhlhausen, Germany (geographic term)","Bremerhaven, Germany (geographic term)","Baranovichi, Russia (Belarus) (geographic term)","Paterson, New Jersey (geographic term)","Atlanta, Georgia (geographic term)","Detroit, Michigan (geographic term)","Poland (geographic term)","Germany (geographic term)","United States of America (geographic term)","Israel (geographic term)","France (geographic term)","West Prussia (geographic term)","Ozorkow Ghetto (geographic term)","Lodz Ghetto (geographic term)","Gorlitz Labor Camp (geographic term)","Chelmno Concentration Camp (geographic term)","Auschwitz-Birkenau Concentration Camp (geographic term)","Der Sturmer (corporate name)","American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee (corporate name)","Ahavath Achim Synagogue (corporate name)","Lockheed Martin (corporate name)","Anti-Semitism (topical term)","Holocaust (topical term)","World War II (topical term)","Nazis (topical term)","Human Experiments (topical term)","Selections  (topical term)","Ghettos (topical term)","Concentration Camps (topical term)","Displaced Persons Camps (topical term)","Ghetto Liquidation (topical term)","Gas Chambers (topical term)","Zyklon B (topical term)","Gestapo (Geheime Staatspolizei) (topical term)","Liberation (topical term)","Cheder (topical term)","German War Reparations (topical term)","Hitler Youth (Hitlerjungend) (topical term)","Kristallnacht (topical term)","SS St. Louis (topical term)","Judaism (topical term)","Kriminalpolizei (Kripo) (topical term)","Affidavit of Support and Sponsorship (topical term)","Ku Klux Klan (topical term)","Deutsche Autobahn (topical term)"]}}],"summary":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eMarty Storch was interviewed by Sara Ghitis and Ruth Einstein in Atlanta, Georgia on September 12, 2006.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarty Storch was born Motek Sztorch in Ozorkow, Poland on January 6, 1924. He was one of four sons and two daughters born to Moishe, a successful businessman, and his wife, Miriam. Miriam died when Marty was three years old, but his father soon remarried. The family attended synagogue and enjoyed a comfortable life until the antisemitism rampant in Germany in the 1930s began to seep into Poland. After the Germans invaded Poland in 1939, the Jews of Orzokow were forced to endure many restrictions and abuses. In 1941, Marty was sent to northern Poland to help build roads for a few months before he was able to return home. Marty’s youngest sister was sent to the Chelmno extermination camp in the spring of 1942 and the rest of the family was sent to the Lodz ghetto in the summer of 1942. In 1943, Marty was sent to Auschwitz-Birkenau, where he was employed as an electrician. His job allowed him access to much of the camp and Marty witnessed many gruesome scenes. In 1944, the family that remained in Lodz was separated. Marty’s father was killed in Lodz, his stepmother and sister sent to a camp, and two of his brothers were sent to Auschwitz-Birkenau. However, Marty was only briefly reunited with his brothers before he was sent to a labor camp in Gorlitz, a town along the German-Polish border. Russian soldiers liberated Marty in Gorlitz on May 8, 1945. He made his way home to Orzokow after some convalescence and was met with some hostility by old neighbors. Marty stayed in his hometown for a little while, living in a friend’s home with other survivors who had returned. Eventually, Marty met his future wife, Dora and her sister, who were the only survivors from their family. Meanwhile, Marty’s brother, Jack, had survived the war, but the brother who had been with them in Auschwitz-Birkenau had died from illness shortly after the war ended. After the war, Jack reunited with a cousin, Rubin, and the two tracked down Marty. Marty and Jack learned that their stepmother and other sister had been drowned shortly before the war ended and their oldest brother, who had fled east at the beginning of the war, had been killed when the Germans invaded the Soviet Union. Jack, Marty, and Rubin survived by engaging in Black Market trading, but soon began to fear for their safety under the Russians. Marty and Dora were hastily married and the foursome fled to the American-occupied zone in Germany. Rubin soon immigrated to the United States. Marty and Jack made a good living off of the Black Market and moved to many different towns. Marty completed his education and Dora gave birth to a daughter. In 1949, Jack, Marty, Dora, and their daughter immigrated to the United States. Jack settled in Atlanta, Georgia with their cousin. Marty and his young family settled in New Jersey briefly before also coming to Atlanta. Marty found work at Lockheed, but soon opened a bar and restaurant with Jack. The brothers then operated a grocery store before Jack decided to venture into building apartments. While building a successful career in Atlanta, Marty and Dora had another daughter and a son. When the children were older, Marty enjoyed travelling and sharing his experiences with schools and other groups. He was immensely proud of his four grandchildren. Marty died in 2007.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarty introduces his family and hometown. He describes how life changed during the 1930’s and after the Germans invaded Poland. Marty explains how he was sent out to work building highways and how desperate he was to return home. Marty recounts how his youngest sister was killed, his family sent to the Lodz ghetto, and his father later killed. He outlines how he avoided a transport at the end of the war, returned home after the war, and was eventually reunited with one brother. Marty describes arriving in Auschwitz-Birkenau and shares some of his experiences there, including reuniting with two brothers briefly.  He recalls his experiences and interactions in Gorlitz, Germany at the end of the war. Marty describes where he went after liberation and the process of looking for surviving family. He describes his interactions with the Soviets and Americans. Marty details his career and immigration to the United States. He reflects on his children and grandchildren. He shares stories of the people he has helped over the years or the students he has shared his experiences with. \u003c/p\u003e"]},"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/101/171/small/Marty_Storch.png?1619304228","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - Storch_Marty.mp4"]},"duration":6736.834,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/101/171/small/Marty_Storch.png?1619304228","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-thebreman.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/101/171/original/Storch_Marty.mp4?1605534944","type":"Video","format":"video/mp4","duration":6736.834,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Storch, Marty [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"GHITIS: Could you please state your name?\n\nSTORCH: My name is Marty Storch.\n\nGHITIS: Where were you born?\n\nSTORCH: I was born in Poland, not far from the German border in a city called Ozorkow.\n\nGHITIS: What's your date of birth?\n\nSTORCH: January 6, 1924.\n\nGHITIS: What were the names of your ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"parents?\n\nSTORCH: My father's was Moishe. My mother, which I lost when I was three years\nof age, was Miriam. Shall I name the brothers and sisters? One we have lost in\nRussia, Rudi, was the oldest child. I had a sister, Fajga, and a stepmother,\nNacha. She was very ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"nice, just like my own mother. Then I had my brother Jack,\nwho passed away just a couple years ago, and another brother, Will, which we\nlost right after the war. He had typhus and we could not save his life. We lost\nhim right after the war. Then I had a sister, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=60.0,90.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Eva. I told you the whole story\nwith her. They took her to Chelmo, which is not popular among the people. It was\na terrible place where they took away all the kids and the older people. They\nwere all got massacred in Chelmno. I visited it not long ago, four-and-a-half\nyears ago. Then we went back, Jack and I, and set ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=90.0,120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"up memorials featuring\neveryone. My sister Fajga and my stepmother were drowned in the waters before\nliberation when the Germans liquidated their camp. Two young ladies who survived\nand knew us before--they came from my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=120.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"hometown--told us after the liberation.\nThey came back to Ozorkow so that we would be aware that my sister and my\nstepmother were drownded. Jack and I traveled all over. We went to find my\nfather's name in the cemetery in Lodz where he was killed. We put up a big\nplaque with his name and when we lost him. My brother ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=150.0,180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Will is at a beautiful\ncemetery, which we pay for every ten years, its upkeep. It's beautifully kept\nup. In Chelmno is our name also, for our sister, for loved ones. That took care\nof the whole family. It's sad, but that was our life.\n\nGHITIS: Let's go back to the early years.\n\nSTORCH: Sure.\n\nGHITIS: What kind of work did your father do?\n\nSTORCH: My father was very successful. I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=180.0,210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"won't get into details because it would\nbe a long story. My father was here in America when he was 16 years of age. He\nwas here eleven years. He was well educated. He spoke six languages. He came\nback because he was homesick. He lost his brother. He had a brother who was with\nhim, too. I'm named after him. The homesickness drove him crazy. He returned to\nPoland. He came back. He ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=210.0,240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"had a wholesale food business. Then he built apartments\nand he was very successful. We had a beautiful home.\n\nGHITIS: In what year did he go back to Poland from America?\n\nSTORCH: He went back in 1917 to Poland. It was probably 1901 . . . because I was\ntoo young to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=240.0,270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"register everything. He was in the United States for eleven years.\nThat's what I remember. We had a beautiful home.\n\nGHITIS: Where? Do you know what street?\n\nSTORCH: In Ozorkow. It was a very nice home; a very nice life. We always had a\nmaid. We actually were very fortunate with good parents and a lovely . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=270.0,300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We\nhad a happy family. We loved one another. Then came the time as we grew older .\n. . the antisemitic movement came along and we had to live with that. We didn't\nwant to take on the abuses. We used to have good friends--Polish friends and\nGermans. There were quite a few. They were our ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=300.0,330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"friends before the war, before\nthe Nazis, the dark clouds came across the border.\n\nGHITIS: You said there was antisemitism before the Nazis came. Do you remember\nany episodes that happened?\n\nSTORCH: No, the antisemitic movement came right after 1933 when Adolf Hitler\ncame to power.\n\nGHITIS: What do you remember?\n\nSTORCH: I remember that we had ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=330.0,360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"many friends that immediately turned against us.\nWe had to fight for survival. We didn't want to take home our abuses to our\nparents, to put more pressure on them. We lived a terrible life and a terrible\nexperience. We started realizing that we were no longer citizens of Poland, that\nwe were second-class citizens. We were getting abused and we didn't have any\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=360.0,390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"kind of help from no direction. We had to live a terrible life. Then it got\nworse as Hitler started approaching our countries. The European continent was\nvery bad.\n\nGHITIS: Do you remember something specific happening in terms of the Nazi era\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=390.0,420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"arriving? What memories come to your mind?\n\nSTORCH: I probably don't remember what I ate last night for dinner, but the days\nthat I have lived through, every day, names which I associate with kapos and\nleaders, I remember every day of my life. I remember the Germans came ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=420.0,450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in\nSeptember 1939. For two or three weeks everything was normal. Then they came to\nunload our food in trucks and took it away. They left receipts, but we never got\npaid for it because we were Jewish. Then every day you would see different\nregulations and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=450.0,480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"rules posted on walls and especially for Jews. First of all,\nthey ordered us to wear the yellow star immediately. There was the restriction\nwhere we couldn't walk the streets after 5:00 p.m. That was in the wintertime.\nThen it got quite worse. We couldn't even walk on the sidewalks. We experienced\na heck of a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=480.0,510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"time. In a small city of 27,000 people, we had one-third were\nJews--a great population of Jews. We suffered the consequences. A short time\nafter all those we went through, they began hanging Jews throughout the cities.\nThey grabbed young Jewish boys. One was a step-uncle of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=510.0,540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"mine, who had been a\nhigh-ranking official in the army, and ten other people. They hanged them and\nthen took their equipment to another city immediately. We had to leave our doors\nopen and the families had to come to the place where the hangings were taking\nplace. We had to witness. Not to leave any kids . . . The doors had to be open.\nAlso there were strong antisemitic radicals. If anybody ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=540.0,570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"hide, the family would\nsuffer the consequences. Nobody wanted to play with the Germans. It was . . .\nThen came where we had to unite the youngsters and come to the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=570.0,600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"schoolyard--15 to\n18 years old--and to bring our little belongings, too, immediately. Definitely\nnobody would have taken any chances of jeopardizing their families, by not doing\nwhat we had to. They sent us to West Prussia. We traveled a couple of days and\nwe worked the Deutsche Autobahn, which were the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=600.0,630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"German expressways. As young as\nwe were, it was terrible.\n\nGHITIS: When you say, \"we,\" what was happening with your father? Was he with you?\n\nSTORCH: No. I'd left already. They took me away from my father. Later, I found\nout that my father was killed in February 1944 by the Kripo. I know the man who\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=630.0,660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"killed my father.\n\nGHITIS: Who is that?\n\nSTORCH: The man?\n\nGHITIS: Yes.\n\nSTORCH: A German from Czechoslovakia, a VolksDeutsche. His name is slipping my\nmind, but usually it comes to me . . . Sotto.\n\nGHITIS: Your father was taken away earlier?\n\nSTORCH: He was taken to the Kripo . . .\n\nGHITIS: I asked you at what point you lost your ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=660.0,690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"father.\n\nSTORCH: Right. I was not there because they sent me away on February 22, 1940.\nThey sent me off to the Deutscheautobahn to work the German highways. I left my\nfamily. I didn't have any kind of communication with my family. I was homesick.\nI'd never been away from ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=690.0,720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"them. It was driving me crazy and by the end of 1940\nthey sent me back home with twelve others. I got home. I worked as an\nelectrician for a short period of time. My family was still there. Then they\nliquidated the ghetto in Ozorkow. There was a ghetto already. They took away the\nJews' homes. Everybody had to go to the big city of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=720.0,750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lodz. I was only there a\nshort while. My family I left. I was sent to Auschwitz-Birkenau. I have not seen\nanybody--just my brother Jack. I left everybody behind. That's a time I will\nnever forget. When I was liberated, I didn't know where I was going. I was\nhungry and filthy. We ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=750.0,780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"felt just like two-legged animals after we got out of the\ncamp . . . When you looked in the mirror, you didn't recognize yourself. The\ninsects have eaten me alive. The hunger . . . you could not eat anything,\nbecause the system just didn't work. I had enough understanding not to eat any\nheavy food. I would have paid the consequences. I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=780.0,810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"recuperated after a week or so\nand I started looking like a human being again. My desperation to go back, where\nI came from, was just . . . I couldn't get over it. Every hour was too long to\nsee who survived. I wanted to fly home. There was no communication for a period\nof three and a half years. After ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=810.0,840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"almost three months, I struggled. Some trains\nwere working, going from city to city. I had some nice Germans that took me 40\nor 50 miles. They sympathized with us because they knew we were displaced\npersons, we wore those honorable . . . like ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=840.0,870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"medals. Finally, I arrived after a\nlong period of time and asked my neighbors. First of all, I went to my house.\nPoles were already living there. I looked around. I asked the Poles if they'd\nseen anybody from my family. They said, \"No.\" Nobody was there. I'll never\nforget I stood there near our house and I looked up to the Almighty and I said,\n\"They might throw me in the garbage can. Nobody's going to miss me.\" I didn't\nknow what happened to my whole ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=870.0,900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"family. It was very sad. I knew a Jewish fellow.\nWe had grown up together. He got his home back. Nobody was living there. We both\nlived in the house for a short period of time. My depression was terrible,\nextremely high from walking the streets where you had been surrounded with ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=900.0,930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"love,\nand now you were surrounded with hate. You reached a point where you just didn't\nbelong there any longer. Sad, very sad. Then I went back to Germany. Before all\nthat happened, in Auschwitz-Birkenau for a long period of time. I was there 13\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=930.0,960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"months. In 1943, I found two of the brothers. My brothers Jack and Will met me\nin Auschwitz-Birkenau. This happened once in a million. There were millions of\npeople and everybody looked the same. Even brothers didn't recognize one\nanother. They hadn't seen me for a long period of time. We spent a couple of\nweeks seeing each other every ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=960.0,990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"day. I worked as an electrician too. Finally, I\nrealized that tomorrow, or the day after tomorrow, we were leaving the camp.\nThere was already a sign on our block--about 1,500 youngsters I'd been\nwith--that we would get our rations at four o'clock in the morning and we'd be\nready to go, to leave to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=990.0,1020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Gorlitz. I had a good friend with me. We always\norganized together. If we found a rotten potato, we'd share it. Whatever we\nfound, we shared. I said, \"Bob,\"--my brain still worked--\"we're not going. We'll\nrun away.\" I said, \"Why? We've been here a long time--thirteen months.\" Before\nthey send out ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=1020.0,1050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"youngsters to Germany, they set up tables with white tablecloths,\na doctor, and interviewers. First of all, they gave the prisoners a physical,\nand checked out your health. They didn't want to send nobody to Germany with\nsome sickness. Then they interviewed you, \"Can you speak German?\" or \"What kind\nof work can you do?\" They didn't want to send just anybody there. They\neliminated some. I said, \"You know what, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=1050.0,1080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Bob? We didn't go through those exams\nand if somebody doesn't go through those exams, it's not a good thing.\" We ran\naway. We hung around Block 16. We stole a little, whatever we could do to\nsurvive. Before that happened, when my brain thought about all those\nexperiences, I told my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=1080.0,1110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"brothers, \"I'm leaving tomorrow to Muhlhausen.\" My\nbrother Jack had a very good memory. In the meantime, he was liberated in near\nthe French border, earlier than I was. I was liberated on May 5, 1945. He\ntraveled to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=1110.0,1140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Muhlhausen where he thought I was. They had already a committee set\nup--lost and found. Everybody was looking for survivors. Jack got up there. He\nwent to the Jewish committee and asked them, \"What happened with the youngsters?\nIn the beginning of 1944, they sent 1,500 or 1,600 youngsters down here.\" They\nsaid, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=1140.0,1170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"Do you speak Yiddish?\" He said, \"Yes.\" They said, \"Do you know how to say\nKaddish?\" which is the prayer when somebody dies. He said, \"Yes.\" They said,\n\"We'll give you directions. We'll escort you. We'll take you near the cemetery\nwhere each and every one was machine-gunned.\" My brother said Kaddish and he\nsaid, \"Well, now I don't have anybody.\" Being in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=1170.0,1200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Gorlitz, the youngsters knew\nme. They knew my name from home. They were all mostly from Lodz. We were\nneighborly, just 25 kilometers from one another. They knew me by name. They knew\nI'm an electrician. My brother Jack used to travel. Survivors didn't have to pay\nanything on the trains. He went on the train with our cousin, Rubin Lansky. They\nboth were travelling, going to the French Zone and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=1200.0,1230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"whatever, just to make a\nliving. He introduced everybody. Jack was a lively fellow. Everybody used to\nshake hands. \"I'm Jack Storch. I'm from France . . .\" \"Did you say Storch? Did\nyou have a brother, a short fellow?\" He said, \"Marty?\" \"Yeah, Marty. He was\nelectrician in our camp.\" My brother knew that I loved electrical ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=1230.0,1260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"work, which I\nhad learned from my oldest brother, the one who got killed in Baranovichi,\nRussia. They stopped the train and went east to Poland. It took them a few days.\nThey came and met one of the fellows--there were very few who survived. They\nsaid, \"Is Marty here? Is he alive?\" They said, \"Yes, Marty's here.\" When we got\ntogether, I believe we never quit till the day he died. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=1260.0,1290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The door was always\nopen. We always talked about what happened 50 or 60 years ago, and what has\nhappened, and how I have balanced my way of life and thinking about it. After he\ndied, we took the body home in our city. After my brother passed away, the doors\nwere closed. It was very sad because we met a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=1290.0,1320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"couple of times a week. He came to\nthe office and we went out for lunch. We enjoyed. The bitter animosity came out\nof our system. It was all right to talk about it. Now there's nobody to talk to\nbecause most of the survivors don't want to talk about it, which I have\nexperienced. They used to come down in here. Eight or nine survivors used to\ncome down here and play cards and no one wanted to hear about ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=1320.0,1350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it, what they\nsuffered. They just kept it in and burned up inside. I love to. I have\nexperienced . . . I used to go to schools and lecture and give them all my bad\nmemories. It alleviated me from the atrocities and the depression. I felt great.\nWhen I walked out from lecturing, I was a different fellow. I felt much better\nthan when I started. I'm still ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=1350.0,1380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"enjoying it. That was the life.\n\nGHITIS: Marty, I want to go back a little bit.\n\nSTORCH: Yes.\n\nGHITIS: Describe what your life was like when you were working on the Autobahn.\nWhat exactly did you do?\n\nSTORCH: They took us by truck. Most of us worked with German civilian\nsupervisors, to cut down the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=1380.0,1410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"trees and to chop up the surrounding ground. We had\nlittle train-like steel cars and we had to load on them--then they took off and\nunloaded them somewhere--and digging. We used to go early in the morning. We\nworked out there ten or twelve ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=1410.0,1440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"hours in the bitter cold. It was very cold when\nwe worked. At the time, in those years when they sent me out, there was no\ntrouble having good food. I mean enough to get by with. We were not hungry. We\ncould go and take a shower. It didn't last long. The homesickness drove me home.\nI was then sorry when I came home.\n\nGHITIS: What was the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=1440.0,1470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"name of the place?\n\nSTORCH: West Deutscheautobahn. There was another name to it. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=1470.0,1500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They called it\n'West Prussia' in Polish.\n\nGHITIS: Where did you live? Where did you live while you were working at this place?\n\nSTORCH: We lived in barracks--not as many as in Auschwitz-Birkenau, but probably\nsixty or seventy men were living. We had to crawl up the lower and upper beds,\nthree stories. It was not the worst . . . as we experienced in later years.\n\nGHITIS: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=1500.0,1530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When you went to Auschwitz-Birkenau, do you remember your arrival? How\ndid you get to Auschwitz-Birkenau?\n\nSTORCH: When they came and took the rest of the youngsters who were left in the\nOzorkow ghetto, there were not many. They got them all organized and sent them\naway. We didn't know where we were ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=1530.0,1560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"going. They sent us to Lodz to a place called\nCzarnieckiego Street, a terrible prison. They spoke Polish up there, but we\ndidn't understand their language. How horrible it was! The biggest robbers,\nkillers, and what have you. We went over there. We spent two weeks until we were\nordered one day on ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=1560.0,1590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"trains, into boxcars. They took us up there. It took us\ntwo-and-a-half days to get to Auschwitz-Birkenau.\n\nGHITIS: What time of the year was it?\n\nSTORCH: Auschwitz-Birkenau in 1943.\n\nGHITIS: Was it summer, winter . . .\n\nSTORCH: No, February. It was real cold. In Europe, it is real cold. The hunger\nstarted then already. As we ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=1590.0,1620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"arrived in Auschwitz-Birkenau, I'll never forget\nthat. There was a blowing of whistles from the Gestapo, all the doors were\nopened in the boxcars, and we were mishandled. They sure gave us a workout. I\nwas not hit badly but so many were and split their heads. It was a tragedy.\n\nGHITIS: Who were you with?\n\nSTORCH: Nobody from my family. I was by myself. I had left my brothers behind\nme. They were sent ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=1620.0,1650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"out right then when they liquidated the ghetto in Lodz. They\nsent away everybody--my sister, my stepmother, my brothers . . . Nobody was\nanymore. They were in Lodz at that time. I didn't hear from them.\n\nGHITIS: Do you remember the selection process?\n\nSTORCH: Which ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=1650.0,1680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"selection are you talking about? I've seen so many --\n\nGHITIS: Upon arrival at Auschwitz-Birkenau.\n\nSTORCH: In Auschwitz-Birkenau, the selection terrible. That's a story that will\nnever be erased in my mind. The picture . . . I worked as an electrician. We\ncould go to all departments--me and my friend. He committed suicide. We had more\naccess to more places than anybody else. We walked around, changed light bulbs,\nfixed whatever, talked to the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=1680.0,1710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Germans. I spoke German better at the time than I\nspeak English now. I knew the doctors--Doctor Kremer, Heidenreich, and Maurer,\nthe ones who did experiments on the youngsters they took out from the selection.\nLet me explain how the selection took place. The minute the boxcars were opened\nthe hundreds were unloaded on one spot on the left-hand side at the entrance ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=1710.0,1740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to\nAuschwitz-Birkenau. It probably took about a half hour or an hour. Josef Mengele\ncame out with the doctors which I have named and made a selection. We didn't\nknow because we had just come in. We didn't know what went on in\nAuschwitz-Birkenau. They selected the left and the right side. Whoever went to\nthe right, survived. If they went to the left, they were supposed to go to\ndestruction. We could ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=1740.0,1770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"see elderly people and they ripped away precious kids from\ntheir mother's arm. A scene that will never be erased in mind until the last\nminute of my life--and why it struck me, I don't know--there came a transport\nfrom France of probably a dozen kids the same clothes. They must have taken them\nfrom a school. The same hats. They were beautiful ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=1770.0,1800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"kids, Yiddishe kids, girls and\nboys, at least a dozen. I cannot forget how they ripped away those beautiful\nkids in mid-day and how they hurt the mothers. Some didn't give up their kids,\nso they were sent to the gas chambers along with the kids. That scene . . . I\nlooked up to the Almighty. Then I was still full of belief. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=1800.0,1830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I just couldn't get\nover how this could happen, what a human being will do to one another because of\nnationality. This will never be erased in my mind. I have seen the bottles of\ngas. It was terrible. I could see the trucks ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=1830.0,1860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"loading up the bones, liquid,\nwhatever they make, how they brought in the Zyklon B. Nobody see that. I could\nsee the high-ranking Gestapo. Motorcycles came in with machine guns, followed by\nsome big Mercedes, real beauties with tinted glass so you couldn't see in. They\nwere around where the crematoria and the gas chambers were. I'm ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=1860.0,1890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sure whoever was\nbehind the tinted glass, they could see what goes on, what happened, what they\nwere doing with our people.\n\nGHITIS: How old were you at this point?\n\nSTORCH: I was 19 already. I was 15 when I went to work on the Autobahn. When I\ngot in Auschwitz-Birkenau in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=1890.0,1920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"1943, I was already 19 years of age.\n\nGHITIS: Did you get a number?\n\nSTORCH: Yes, but not . . . When we arrived in Auschwitz-Birkenau in February\n1943, there were two more trains behind us were waiting: one from Czechoslovakia\nand the other from Hungary. We met those people later. They were in a hurry and\nnobody got numbers, but they gave us identification slips. My number was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=1920.0,1950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"5-7-1-3-5.\n\nGHITIS: Could you repeat your number?\n\nSTORCH: 5-7-1-3-5. I'll never forget that. Nobody can erase it. I was at Emory\nUniversity about five or six years ago. I got the paper where I was standing,\nlooking at pictures of survivors. I saw how close my number was, 56 and 57,000.\nI thought, \"Oh, my G-d. I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=1950.0,1980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"wonder: Have I ever seen them?\" Am I behind them? So\nclose, but millions went through Auschwitz-Birkenau. I have wondered many times\nabout how the mind works living under those circumstances, under hunger, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=1980.0,2010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"filth .\n. . The only thing that goes through your mind is you want to survive because of\nthe rest of your family. Otherwise, I don't know. If I had been aware that my\nfamily had disappeared from the world, I don't believe that I would have been so\ndesperate. I was real desperate. There were many times I had a fever. I couldn't\nstand up and had no appetite. I sold my bread ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=2010.0,2040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"twice--in Auschwitz-Birkenau, when\nyou have sold your bread, then you know it's the end of your life--for cigarettes.\n\nGHITIS: You said you had a fever. Did you get sick?\n\nSTORCH: Terrible fever.\n\nGHITIS: From what?\n\nSTORCH: I don't know until this day. Bob helped me. I was still alive. He was\nstill alive. He said, \"Marty, get strong.\" The only thing we could do was go to\nthe washhouse, cold as it was, to wash with cold water, and take newspapers, and\nwipe up the shit so the insects wouldn't ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=2040.0,2070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"eat us. With newspapers, we wiped one another.\n\nGHITIS: You have mentioned G-d. Do you come from a religious family?\n\nSTORCH: A very conservative family. The conservative way of life in Europe . . .\nI would compare it with Orthodox life here in America, because my father\nwouldn't work Saturday or any holidays. We had to go with ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=2070.0,2100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"my father to the\nsynagogue. All the ceremonies like we have here, lets say in Beth Jacob or\nwhatever, we had that kind of life back then. We were called 'conservatives'\nbecause my father didn't have any peyes or long hair. A modern man, but we had\nstrong beliefs. I used to go after school for two or three hours to the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=2100.0,2130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"cheder.\nThe rabbi injected so much belief into you about your religion, about your\nbeliefs. You lived with it. You injected with it through and through, but the\ndisappointments in life, comes the other way around. It's a great\ndisappointment. It comes to you. \"G-d almighty, why did the rabbi inject into me\nso much love and we are ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=2130.0,2160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"just the chosen?\" I said, \"How?\" I looked up and asked,\n\"How chosen are we?\"\n\nGHITIS: Do you remember the name of the rabbi?\n\nSTORCH: No.\n\nGHITIS: What about the synagogue? Is it still there?\n\nSTORCH: The synagogue has been rebuilt. I don't remember the name of the\nsynagogue and I don't remember my rabbi. He had ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=2160.0,2190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"one eye in which he was blind.\nHe was the rabbi which taught my father and my father's brothers. He was a very\nelderly man . . . but he had such strength to inject in you whatever he wants\nto. I've never forgotten, but I was very disappointed because of the Holocaust\nand what is going to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=2190.0,2220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"happen.\n\nGHITIS: Do you remember the address of your home in Ozorkow?\n\nSTORCH: In Ozorkow? Yes. Ozorkow rynek piętnaście. This was our home, where we\nlived. Rynek means 'market.' Number 15. We had a business in the front and then\nwe lived behind. It was our house.\n\nGHITIS: Is it still there?\n\nSTORCH: No. They took it off. My wife's seen it, too. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=2220.0,2250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The only house they took\noff the Rynek was our house. They looked for valuables and digged--the Pollacks.\nThey told us they were digging up there for weeks, looking for any money my\nfather had left.\n\nGHITIS: You said that after Auschwitz-Birkenau you were sent into Germany.\n\nSTORCH: They sent me . . . As I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=2250.0,2280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"said, instead of sending me to Muhlhausen, they\nsent me to Gorlitz. In Gorlitz, the situation was rough too because of the\nbombing. You could hear the bombardments. I worked in the shop with Hungarian\ngirls in Gorlitz. I was an electric welder and I was supposed to work with those\ngirls. My master was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=2280.0,2310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"wonderful in the beginning, but the worse the situation got\nin the war, the worse he got with us. I understood later. Whenever the girls did\nsomething wrong, I was guilty of it. I explained to him, \"They don't understand\nme and I don't understand them,\" but he didn't take 'no' for an answer. The hate\nwas in there ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=2310.0,2340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"already because of the war. Then we'd hear the bombardments. We\ndidn't have any kind of communication with the outside world--none whatsoever.\nFor a long time I thought that Germany had already occupied the whole world. We\ndidn't know anything. We sometimes the dates because we found a paper, Die\nStürmer. It came to the camps. In every camp, you could find Der Stürmer.\nThat's the hate paper. So much hate in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=2340.0,2370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it. When we picked up one, we could see a\ndate--what year it is and what month we're living in. That was life.\n\nGHITIS: What were the conditions in Gorlitz? In what conditions did you live there?\n\nSTORCH: In Gorlitz?\n\nGHITIS: Was there food? Where did you sleep?\n\nSTORCH: Our system was already ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=2370.0,2400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"immune . . . just to stay alive, we didn't have\nto eat a lot. After you come from Auschwitz-Birkenau, whatever you get, you are\nhappy with. In Auschwitz-Birkenau, the little soup that we got at 3:00 p.m. was\nnot regular soup. I wonder what the Germans put in there. In the morning, when\nwe got to the roll ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=2400.0,2430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"call . . . at 4:00 a.m., we stood 6:00 a.m. in the bitter\ncold. We didn't feel anything. We wanted our bread. Nobody . . . very seldom . .\n. five minutes, we got rid of the bread. The situation . . . It's so difficult\nto describe. At many occasions, I think that I'm dreaming about it, about all\nwhat I lived through. It was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=2430.0,2460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"only a dream--a bad dream--but it's a reality.\nEvery day of my life, I live with it. As far as religion is concerned, for quite\nawhile I lived an empty life. I did not want to distribute this to my kids. I\ntold them, \"This I do believe.\" I didn't want my kids to grow up and have my\nexperiences take them off the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=2460.0,2490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"tracks. Then it would be very tough for me to put\nthem back. Living an empty life is terrible. I lived for quite a few years where\nI looked up and started looking up more and more. I said, \"If I've done\nsomething wrong and asked for forgiveness . . .\" Then I got struck quite a few\nyears ago with ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=2490.0,2520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"cancer . . . and the doctors had a consortium. They gave me six\nmonths to live. I was positive about it. They said, \"How can you be? They are\ndoctors and they said you've got cancer and you've got six months to love. Now\nyou feel positive?\" I realized I only had a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=2520.0,2550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"little time left to show my kids the\nbackground of my life. I took Rhona and her daughter back to Europe, to get to\nmy hometown, and talk to the people. I still have some friends now. They didn't\nlet us even go to the hotel. We slept in their home. I showed them the way that\nwe had lived and told her about my father. He was well known in the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=2550.0,2580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"city. I\nwanted the kids to know the background of our life. Then we went to\nAuschwitz-Birkenau. I took them to Chelmno. I took them to Lodz, to the Yiddish\ncemetery, and showed her all the names including my father's name. She could see\nin Chelmno the name my brother and I set up. I wanted my kids to get a picture\nof the life we lived. I still have in my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=2580.0,2610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"collection from my granddaughter a\nfour-page letter. It was a wet envelope when she sent it to me. She tells me up\nthere, \"Grandpa, every night when I'm go to bed, I am crying. The long crying\nthat I'm enduring is because of the life that you have lived. We are so ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=2610.0,2640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"proud of\nyou.\" I'm not soft by nature, but if I read her letter, I am dropping tears.\nThere's a grandchild of mine who knows the inner story of my life, what I have\npaid, and survived those terrible times. That's my life.\n\nGHITIS: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=2640.0,2670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Marty, where were you when liberation came?\n\nSTORCH: Gorlitz.\n\nGHITIS: Will you talk about that day?\n\nSTORCH: Let me go back a little. When the Russian front started getting near . .\n. the liquidation of the Germans . . . our survival. We could hear the\nbombardments throughout the last week--terrible bombardments. We knew that\nsomething was going ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=2670.0,2700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on. For me, working around the camp every day I could see\nthe outside. I could see two Jeeps came near the Scharführer . . . the leaders\nin the camp. I can see him with the little beards. Two Jeeps came. Two or three\nGerman soldiers walked up . . . to the Jeep. There came in two ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=2700.0,2730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"more Jeeps with\nRussian soldiers. I recognized them right away, the short fur coats and what\nhave you. They took parachutes. One came with parachutes, so I figured they must\nhave caught them parachuting in somewhere, but that's not my business. I'd done\nmy business. I'd done my work. They escorted them to where they got the\nlaundry--not the SS, but the guards. We have a few hundred guards ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=2730.0,2760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there. There\nwere steps to walk down. We worked up there. Nobody could go in there but we had\nthe right to go in. Probably a half-hour after they had arrived in Gorlitz, we\ncould hear some shots--probably ten shots. I figured, \"Those boys . . . If I\nwould have just known their parents I would have told them not to wait for their\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=2760.0,2790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sons. I would have told them what happened. I'm the only witness. We're the only\nwitnesses to how their kids disappeared.\" They were so beautiful--three or four\nof them. Those kind of memories you got injected with. To see what happened, it\nwas terrible. The liquidation . . . We got up one day before the arrival of the\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=2790.0,2820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Russians. We were liberated by the Russians. We could see a movement of trucks.\nIn the office where the Scharführer was, there was something wrong. The light\nwas not on. We could see there was something wrong. They disappeared on the\nnight of May 4 and 5, 1945. In the morning, when we got up, there was nobody was\nat the gates to watch ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=2820.0,2850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"us. We could open the gates and walk out. Then we could\nhear tanks arriving, surrounding the whole area. They didn't know who we are.\nThey came in and had one soldier who spoke Yiddish.\n\nGHITIS: The soldiers were Russian?\n\nSTORCH: The Russians. They came in, opened the gates, didn't let anybody out.\nThey didn't want the sickness to spread. We went through all sorts of\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=2850.0,2880.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"examinations and they took quite a few to the hospitals. They treated us\nbeautifully--not like the. They gave us soft food. After we got cleaned up and\nstarted being normal human beings, they let us go. After we went out--probably\nabout a dozen young fellows--we went into a farm. We were not ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=2880.0,2910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"far away from\nfarms. We were completely away from a city. We went to a farm. The Germans were\nprepared always. In the cellars, they had so much food. I wanted to be smart and\ndidn't let them eat meat or what have you. I don't know from where I got. We\njust ate very light things. We always had so many breads and cooked . . . We\njust nibbled on that. Everybody got strong. We didn't lose any ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=2910.0,2940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"boys until we\nstart disappearing, going back to Lodz and going back to Orzokow.\n\nGHITIS: When did you find out what happened to other members of your family?\n\nSTORCH: After the war. When my brother and I were doing business and we were\nsuccessful in Germany through hard work . . . Our hard work definitely . . . In\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=2940.0,2970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Germany, there was two ways of living if you wanted to survive. It was either to\ndeal on the black market and make your own living, or to go to the German camps\nthat they set up for the displaced persons and living with thousands of other\nsurvivors, waiting for the handouts. You could stay up there. Every ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=2970.0,3000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Friday, they\nhanded out a little money, cigarettes, food . . . It came through our\norganization . . .\n\nGHITIS: The Joint?\n\nSTORCH: The American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee. I told my brother,\n\"This could be our life? We stood five-and-a-half years in the lines to receive\na little food. We will stand now back in lines? We're going to live on welfare,\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=3000.0,3030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"no education or doing anything?\" We decided that we wouldn't accept anything. We\nmade a good living, going to France and buying liquor, bringing it to Germany,\nselling it to the Americans. We were making good money. We bought American\ncigarettes and sold them in Munich. There were no cigarettes, so we made triple\nthe money. We had more money than we needed. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=3030.0,3060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That was the reason that we\ntraveled and tried to set up memorials for my whole family. We had a good life.\nWe were once in court. The judge said, \"Well, I can't do nothing. What you're\ndoing is actually not illegal. You're making a living. You don't kill anybody.\nYou don't sell any drugs or harmful food to the soldiers.\" They couldn't even\nhave a case against us.\n\nGHITIS: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=3060.0,3090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Marty, what members of your family perished in the war?\n\nSTORCH: Died in the war? Let's go to the first one. Rubin, Rubi, my oldest\nbrother in Baranovichi. He would have been a very successful boy, if he would\nhave been in America. Let me tell you about ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=3090.0,3120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"him a little . . . a short story.\nWhen he was three years of age, he already played the violin. When he, we lost\nour mother. I was then very young. It was an interruption of a year. At five, he\nstarted back up again. He could play the violin to make you cry. When he joined\nthe Maccabees, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=3120.0,3150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there was an orchestra of around 25 players. They had a\nconcertmaster who played the violin. When Rubin, he was honor to play at his\nside. We were so proud of our brother. He was very knowledgeable. He was the\nfirst one. He had a friend, Chaim Tuczynski. He was a high-ranking officer also.\nHe went to France right after the war, but before he went to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=3150.0,3180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"France, he came to\nOzorkow and told Jack and I--we both were up there, too--\"I been with Rubin. He\nwas accidentally killed.\" When the Germans came in, they were shooting people at\nrandom. Rubin was out in the street when they killed him. He took care of my\nbrother. Then the second . . . I don't know if she was second or he was second.\nI didn't have the dates. Our ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=3180.0,3210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Eva was about six, going on seven. She was a\nbeautiful child. I have the picture. They took her to Chelmno. We knew well and\ngood that they didn't take the kids for entertainment or give them Kindergarten\nschools and what have you. It was on our mind what happened. We didn't want to\nbring it out and talk about it, but everybody knew what happened to the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=3210.0,3240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"kids.\nShe was number two. Then my father--which I find out after the war who killed\nhim--was in 1944. I didn't know the date my stepmother and my sister, Fajga. We\nnever asked, but it was right close to the liberation. I don't have a date, but\nevidently it must have been very ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=3240.0,3270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"close. They went out and dumped the old ship\nthat was from the camp, they liquidated the camp.\n\nGHITIS: You said they drowned?\n\nSTORCH: They drowned them, yes. The two girls, the Waldman sisters--I will never\nforget all those: Chaim Tuczynski, my brother's friend, and the two Waldman\nsisters--somehow got out and swam to the shore and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=3270.0,3300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were hiding. They have a\nwhole story. They survived. That was the finale of my sister and my stepmother.\n\nGHITIS: Why were they on a ship? Where were they going?\n\nSTORCH: They liquidated their small camp. It must have been bound for Germany,\nprobably a day or two before liberation. They turned the whole ship upside ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=3300.0,3330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"down.\nIt's an old piece of . . .\n\nGHITIS: How did it happen that you came to the United States?\n\nSTORCH: I have always lived my life thinking about my father. He always taught\nus so much about beautiful life, even then, in those days, he told us. We\ncouldn't understand. They had the milk and the bread ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=3330.0,3360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"outside of the door. Him\nand his brother, they both lived together and school. They used to go after work\nto school. He educated himself. When he talked about America, I always was in\nlove with it. Some high-ranking officers from Germany, when they came to our\nhouse while I was still there, they spoke to my father in English, which I did\nnot understand a word ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=3360.0,3390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of. I just admired my father. He spoke German as I would\nspeak Yiddish or Polish. The high-ranking officer always was laughing and hugged\nmy father. I don't know what they were talking about, but it was an experience.\nI always thought about, \"If I could follow in my father's footsteps . . .\" I\ndidn't think about the success or ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=3390.0,3420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"whatever, but I couldn't complain . . .\nthrough hard work, like my father. I believe I followed the footsteps of my\nfather. I'll never forget those days and the looks of them.\n\nGHITIS: Who helped you get here? Who helped you immigrate?\n\nSTORCH: We came on our own. We didn't come on any kind of . . . We had a cousin,\nRubin Lansky, who has since died, and Lola . . . He was my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=3420.0,3450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"cousin. He signed the\npapers if I would have failed, that he was liable. They had a little money\nalready and they assumed liability for sponsoring us, that we wouldn't fall to\nthe government to provide us with welfare. It was very easy. We came here as\neasy as could be.\n\nGHITIS: From where did you sail?\n\nSTORCH: We came from Bremenhaven because we were in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=3450.0,3480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Germany at the time. I\ndidn't want to be in Poland because . . . every stone and every street had such\nbad memories. I went back to Germany. We made a living there until the last\nminute of our being in Europe, until we came to America.\n\nGHITIS: You were saying that you sailed from Bremenhaven?\n\nSTORCH: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=3480.0,3510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yes. From Bremenhaven, it took us probably . . . six or seven days. We\ncame to New York. Our cousin, Rubin Lansky, picked us up. We spent with them a\ncouple of weeks. I went to Paterson, New Jersey, where my father had lived.\nActually he had lived in Detroit, Michigan, but when he got homesick and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=3510.0,3540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"wanted\nto go home, his friends--he must have had five or six friends; they came\ntogether with my father and my uncle--the one who died. They wanted to take his\nhomesickness out of his mind. They said, \"Why don't you come to New Jersey? Here\nwe'll be all together and you'll probably get your life going.\" My father spent\na year in Paterson, New Jersey, he worked in a factory. The other fellows, a\ncouple of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=3540.0,3570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"them--one is named Pasirstein and one is Blum--in Paterson, New\nJersey. I'm sure their kids are there, but they are not. When I came, they were\nalready very old. They got me good jobs as electrician. I told them not to do me\nany favors. I didn't come in empty-handed anyway. We came with a little money.\nWe didn't need a handout. We got a beautiful apartment. I bought an apartment\nand furnished it right away in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=3570.0,3600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Paterson. I had an aunt and uncle here. They came\nto New Jersey and they said, \"Marty, we're not leaving until you come with us.\"\nThey told me at the time, in New Jersey when I told Mr. Blum, \"I'm going to\nAtlanta, Georgia,\" he said, \"You're going back to where you came from.\" There\nwas the Ku Klux ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=3600.0,3630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Klan, and it was terrible to live in Georgia. I started getting\nconfused about what to do with my life, but I said, \"They're not leaving until I\nsell out everything and go.\" It took probably a week of time and they stayed up\nthere. I sold the apartment and we moved to Atlanta.\n\nGHITIS: How were you received as refugee from the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=3630.0,3660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"war? How did people really . . .\n\nSTORCH: I didn't feel like a refugee. I didn't feel like a refugee, because when\nI had met . . . nobody handed a penny out to me, nor would I ever accept a penny\nfrom anybody because I would have fell down.\n\nGHITIS: So they treated you . . .\n\nSTORCH: Everybody was beautiful, wonderful. When I came to Paterson, New Jersey,\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=3660.0,3690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Mr. Blum immediately got me started work as an electrician. His son was in the\noffice, already grown. I told him, \"Look, don't feel sorrow or pity for me. I\ncame with a little money. I can still survive.\"\n\nGHITIS: What year was this?\n\nSTORCH: It was at the end of 1949. He needed me and I worked until I had to tell\nhim, \"I'm going to Atlanta, Georgia.\" I came ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=3690.0,3720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"here with my family, stayed with\nthem probably a week, and I got on my own.\n\nGHITIS: You say \"we.\" You were with your brother?\n\nSTORCH: My brother was already here in Atlanta. Then we found out why my uncle\nand aunt came up. They were from my stepmother's side. They had a daughter and\nmy brother, Jack, was not married. They wanted ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=3720.0,3750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"us to be up there and to hook up\ntheir daughter with Jack. It didn't work out, anyway. Our uncle had a factory on\nMitchell Street, a tailor shop. He had about 50 people working there. He got\nsome money for me and for my brother. We had trouble then getting it. We just\nsplit after being here for about three or four months. He tried to take\nadvantage. I went and worked for Lockheed for a short while with my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=3750.0,3780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"credentials\nI brought. Then I said, \"No, I don't have to have Lockheed. I can go in\nbusiness.\" I started my own business immediately. By 1950, I was already in\nbusiness here in Atlanta.\n\nGHITIS: What business?\n\nSTORCH: Restaurant business and a bar, and drinks, and that nature.\n\nGHITIS: Did you own a restaurant?\n\nSTORCH: Yes, my brother and I. It was at 411 Marietta Street. Very rough place,\nthere were fights every ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=3780.0,3810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"day. We were there over five years under the name\n'French.' No one knew that we were Jews, even the ones with whom we dealt like\nMr. Siegel, who was in the meat business. We didn't want them to know that we\nare a Jewish boy. He said, \"You know, Marty, we always think that you're\nJewish.\" Finally, when we were just about to quit . . . we didn't ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=3810.0,3840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"want to be the\nsmart guy, so we told him.\n\nGHITIS: How were you received by the Jewish community in Atlanta?\n\nSTORCH: I had very little connection with it when I came, but immediately I went\nto the synagogue.\n\nGHITIS: What synagogue?\n\nSTORCH: Ahavath Achim. That was right in 1950.\n\nGHITIS: Who was the rabbi at that time?\n\nSTORCH: Rabbi ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=3840.0,3870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Epstein. I loved it. I took off sometimes on Saturdays and went to\nthe shul because it was so much in my mind to say Kaddish in silence for my\nloved ones. The prayers . . . that's what had driven me to the synagogue. I owed\nthem something and that's all I could do--just a prayer over there. I enjoyed ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=3870.0,3900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it\nvery much. I met some people. They were very nice. Some of them felt sorry for\nme. I said, \"Don't feel sorry for me. I survived.\"\n\nGHITIS: Where was your first home? Where did you live when you first came here?\n\nSTORCH: I bought a house on Rankin Street off of Boulevard. It was a very\npopular area with the Jewish population then. Then I sold the house. We went to\nSpring Valley off of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=3900.0,3930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Highland Avenue, right across from Shearith Israel. A brand\nnew house. Mr. Kuniansky drove me by and I went in. It was beautiful. I bought\nit the same day with a handshake.\n\nGHITIS: Did you ever think about going to Israel?\n\nSTORCH: I've been three times.\n\nGHITIS: When you left Europe, was Israel a possibility for ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=3930.0,3960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you?\n\nSTORCH: I was confused. That was a time where we were confused. So many from\nGermany went to Israel. I just didn't know where to go. The only thing . . . the\nbackground of my father's life has driven me here. Otherwise, I don't know. I\nprobably would be in Israel.\n\nGHITIS: After the restaurant business, what did you ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=3960.0,3990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"do?\n\nSTORCH: I sold the restaurant in 1955. My brother and I met some people. One was\nin real estate--was an agent--and said, \"Well, you're successful boys.\" We were\nyoung then. \"We've got a good grocery ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=3990.0,4020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"store on Fairlie Street.\" It was in the\nblack neighborhood but very popular because you had all the students and\nfaculties and all that. We looked at it. It was a Jewish fellow, Mr. Handmaker.\nIt used to be a Colonial--a big store. We loved it. He showed us the books. My\nbrother and I said, \"Yeah, we can make a good ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=4020.0,4050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"living.\" The people who'd worked a\nlong time up there, we spoke with them. They didn't have such a good opinion\nabout the owner. When some black people came in--usually on the weekends--the\nkids got to be in the front . . . He was discriminating. I said, \"Jack, let's\ntake a try.\" We bought the store. We had it ten ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=4050.0,4080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"years. I had it very easy\nbecause I had Jewish managers . . . one a Mr. Diamond and one . . . I got his\ndaughter living next door. She is a neighbor. Her father worked . . . he retired\nand they worked for us . . . Mr. Goethe-Silverman. I didn't work hard. I started\ngetting out for something else to do. I started building apartments. I went to\nDecatur and I built 150 apartments. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=4080.0,4110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I took great chances in life and here, but\nwith hard work and use a little brain, it might click. I done the right things\nthrough hard work. Nobody has given me anything. I've got to tell you one story.\nI have a picture--one of these days I'll show it to you--where my wife and I are\nsitting and my kids are behind me. Mark, my son, was still a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=4110.0,4140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"little fellow. We\nare at the German Consulate here. We used to get letters for settling our case\nfor settling as the heirs about reparations for loss of education, loss of\nparents, lost whatever. Finally they called us in, why they don't get an answer\nin Germany. I had a lawyer in Germany, Heinz Ludwig. Finally I got letters to\ncome to the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=4140.0,4170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Consulate. They interviewed me, and my kids were there and my wife\n-- she was in a camp. We were supposed to get a regular monthly check of so\nmuch. They wanted me to sign a letter that I was relieving the Nazi Party and\nGermany from all the atrocities I've been through, including my education and\nall the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=4170.0,4200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"other stipulations in German. I had thought about it before they called\nme. They wanted to settle with me. I told the Consul I would not sign, never in\nmy life, even if I don't get a penny from Germany. My kids were very\ndisappointed, but when we got home I told them to sit down and, \"Let me talk to\nyou. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=4200.0,4230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I want you to picture one thing: on the first of the month, Mama's going to\nthe mailbox to get the envelopes with the checks--her check and my check. Mama's\ngoing to go out and buy a piece of jewelry or some good steaks and groceries or\nwhatever. And that night when we going to have dinner, if Mama puts that\nbeautiful steak on a plate, I probably would drop some tears because I had sold\nout my loved ones. I'd rather eat a piece of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=4230.0,4260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"bread on a napkin without butter\nthan to have a guilty conscience because of money.\" I was never money hungry\nbecause I know I can make a living. They were always wondering. I didn't want\nthem to know more. I explained to them how I would have felt. They told me,\n\"It's your life and that's the way you feel. You're 100 percent right.\" Not many\nhave refused ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=4260.0,4290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"those situations. I got by without and I raised my kids without\nhaving Germany to pay me for the atrocities they have . . . the execution of my\nrelatives, and my family, my closest dears. Not for money, no.\n\nGHITIS: You got married at some point.\n\nSTORCH: When I came, I had a little trouble with the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=4290.0,4320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Russians. I had imitated\none. It's a long story, but I'll make it short. When my brother came in Gorlitz,\nI was in prison. The Russians arrested me. I was wearing a captain's uniform\nwith the little insignia on it, an outfit, and a gun and everything else. I\nworked with the Russians. We used to go to Germany and get stuff which they\nneeded. We were caught on the train ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=4320.0,4350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by NKGB detectives. They arrested me. When I\nwent to court, the judge was a Jew. I explained to him I had been in\nconcentration camp, I was released from the Nazis, and I wanted to be with the\nRussians. He released me. He said that this would be a case that under normal\ncircumstances that would get 10 or 15 years, but he released me. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=4350.0,4380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The same day, I\ntold my brother and Rubin Lansky, \"We've got to leave. I'm afraid they will pick\nme up.\" I have taken many, many chances in my life. Then you get a little\nsmarter not to do those kind of things.\n\nGHITIS: Where did you meet your wife?\n\nSTORCH: My wife knew a couple of girls who lived in my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=4380.0,4410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"hometown. My wife was\nfrom Lodz. She came to Ozorkow to meet with those girls. She was a beautiful\ngirl. She's still pretty, but she was a beauty. And we met.\n\nGHITIS: You met where?\n\nSTORCH: In Ozorkow. Then I had that problem with the Russians and . . . Then I\nwent back to Lodz. She had a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=4410.0,4440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sister, too. Then we decided right away to leave\nPoland to go to Germany. I told her, \"Come on. We go together. You should go\nwith us to Germany--with my brother and Rubi.\" Her sister said, \"What, are you\ntaking her for a secretary? You got to get married. You aren't going to take my\nsister.\" So we got married. You can imagine the ceremony that we had, just a\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=4440.0,4470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"rabbi and probably three people. We got married. We went to the railroad station\nand moved from city to city. Then we came here to America.\n\nGHITIS: What year did you get married?\n\nSTORCH: The same year I was released. On October 7. That was just a few ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=4470.0,4500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"months\nafter my liberation. Then I didn't want to disappoint anybody or myself . . .\nNow let's talk like grown up people: living under the circumstances that I have\nlived, my normal activities . . . I didn't have any. It did surprise me ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=4500.0,4530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"then. I\ndidn't want to mislead anybody or mislead a wife . . . I believe the Almighty\nwas good to me in giving me back my life. That took quite a bit--about eight or\nnine months till I became . . . probably the vitamins . . . the body had\nresisted everything. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=4530.0,4560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'd been through a situation that's just so difficult to\ndescribe. When I was liberated, the friend, Rushek--he had the home in Orzokow .\n. . We were there. He had a nice home with three bedrooms. Girls came who had\nbeen liberated from the camps. They lived with us. We both didn't have any kind\nof attraction, nothing to even think about it. The women could take a shower\nwith you ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=4560.0,4590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and you wouldn't think about . . . normal life. Those experiences I\nwent through . . . It's a terrible feeling. You don't feel that you exist\nanymore. You're just living, that's all.\n\nGHITIS: Tell me about your children.\n\nSTORCH: I was very busy while my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=4590.0,4620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"kids grew up. I wanted to make a good living\nfor them, which I did. They were real nice. They gave us back some pleasure when\nthey went to colleges. Mary got all \"A's.\" She went to Oklahoma and then to\nanother college . . .\n\nGHITIS: That's your ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=4620.0,4650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"oldest child?\n\nSTORCH: Yes.\n\nGHITIS: What's her name?\n\nSTORCH: Mary. She's a beautiful girl. She studied journalism up there but she\ndidn't stick to her profession. When she finished, she started working for the\nEnglish . . .\n\nGHITIS: Consulate?\n\nSTORCH: Yes, the Consulate. She worked there for quite awhile. Now she is doing\nher own business. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=4650.0,4680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"She is successful. The only thing what's wrong: I could not\nteach her how to hold onto a dollar, how to save a dollar for tomorrow, for\nrainy days. Money is no . . . It goes. If she goes on a plane, she's got to go\nfirst-class. She has that kind of life. If the sticker says it's too cheap,\nshe's not going to buy it, but if she sees a big number . . . I could not\ncorrect this. That's her way of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=4680.0,4710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"life. I let her live that life. I'm not going to\ninject my way of life anymore. She's not listening anyway. Rhona completely\ndifferent. She was at University of Denver, a very good student. I used to send\nthem always at week's end money. Both of them had cars and private living. Mary,\nI sent her money every ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=4710.0,4740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"week. Rhona said, \"Dad, don't send me any money.\" She\nworked after school. She was different. \"Dad, we know it costs you so much\nmoney, you paying for rent and cars. Don't be shorting a dollar or don't take\naway anything from yourself. You enjoy it.\" That's the way I started learning my\nkids. I was busy in the food business or whatever to provide them a good\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=4740.0,4770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"life--which I didn't have. But nobody was guilty . . . my parents were not\nguilty of my life. They tried to . . . Up to this day, Rhona is one of the\ngreatest help to me. She does all the insurance and all the bills. You reach an\nage where things get away from you . . . the liabilities and . . . maybe ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=4770.0,4800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because\nI'm not working. She does most everything for me, or I'm probably getting lazy.\nShe's a sweet girl. My son graduated from the University of Florida. He became a\nlawyer. He got a law degree. He's a very good boy. He works hard. He makes a\ngood living but also ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=4800.0,4830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"likes fancy things. But it's all right as long as he\ndoesn't ask me to throw away the money. I'm successful with the kids.\n\nGHITIS: Have you shared your story with your children? Did you tell your\nchildren what you went through during the war?\n\nSTORCH: Each and every one knows. I have written a manuscript. I'm ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=4830.0,4860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"going leave\nthis with my kids. My kids are aware of it. They went to Europe. They've seen\nAuschwitz-Birkenau. They read about all the atrocities, what happened. They are\nvery knowledgeable about our survival--their mother's and mine. You never know\nhow deep it's reached them--our ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=4860.0,4890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"stories--but we've done our part. We gave them a\ngood life. None of my children can say that we deprived them for having\neverything that they needed. I have worked to give them always a clean, nice\nhome and what have you. We're proud of that.\n\nGHITIS: When you look at the world today, as a survivor, what thoughts come to\nyour ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=4890.0,4920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"mind?\n\nSTORCH: It comes to my mind that the world is still . . . it's under pressure\nand if we sit still on an atomic bomb or a very dangerous situation of our life\n. . . I read everything that goes on politically because of the future of our\nkids, how we are standing. I don't see any ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=4920.0,4950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"bright . . . what goes on politically\nin the world. We still aggravate . . . When you read about Iran, they want to\nwipe the Jews off the earth. I wonder, \"Why? What have I done, being a Jew, to\ngo through all that kind of life?\" Or the others don't want Jews to live in\nIsrael. We're just a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=4950.0,4980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"nationality. We're just a religion. What kind of life? We\ndon't kill or rob. Why don't you leave us alone? Yes, it's very depressing\nbecause I lived a depressing way of life. It does bother me terribly, but you've\ngot to leave this behind and think of good things.\n\nGHITIS: What do you want to say to future ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=4980.0,5010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"generations?\n\nSTORCH: To the future generations--which I do lecture--as far as . . . I inject\nin them love. So many students do ask me always questions such as, \"Do you hate\nGermany?\" or, do I carry hate? I explain to them that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=5010.0,5040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"hate is a terrible thing.\nIt's not written who you hate. If you're going to hate, you'll hate everybody\nand everything, from my experiences.\" \"No, I don't.\" You cannot blame the whole\nworld or Nazi Germany for what they did to me and millions of others. I try to\ninject in them love instead of the bad atrocities. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=5040.0,5070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I tell them about my parents\nand how we grew up in a free world, until the Depression came, our life. In my\ncase, I tell them also the way I live and when I left my parents . . . up till\nthis day, I don't remember if I ever hugged my mother and my father and said,\n\"Mom, I love you,\" or if I did the same to my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=5070.0,5100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"father. I live with a guilty\nfeeling because of that. I inject in them love. I got so many letters in\nresponse. Mothers and others have written to me, which I enjoy reading those\nletters. I've got so many of them. One describes to me her life, the life of a\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=5100.0,5130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"child in Norcross, Gwinnet County. I had been in the school. I'll just take one\nfor instance about a young lady--probably about 17 or 18 years of age because\nshe drives a car. Her mother described her life. She got home with the car, came\ninto the kitchen, and didn't say 'hello' to her mother. The ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=5130.0,5160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"books she went and\nthrowed in the living room. Her tennis shoes went flying. She went right to her\nroom on the telephone until her dad came home from work. That was going on. That\nwas her life. One day she came home, gave mom a hug, and a kiss, and said, \"Mom,\nI love you.\" Her mother turned red on the face and said, \"What happened? What\ndid you do? You commit something?\" ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=5160.0,5190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"She couldn't get over it. She said, \"No, mom,\nI didn't do anything. I'll tell you later.\" She was kinda dripping tears. She\nsaid, \"I hope Mr. Storch has still got my name written down.\" When I got the\nletters, the school teacher--she's not a teacher, she's a historian--she said,\n\"I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=5190.0,5220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"hope Mr. Storch would remember me sitting in the front row, wearing a white\nsweater, and I was crying.\" I didn't remember. She wrote that letter. Then when\nher father came home, the same thing, the same day. She gave her father a hug.\nThe father said, \"What goes on in that house?\" He ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=5220.0,5250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"thought the same thing that\nmom did: that she's in trouble. She said, \"No.\" When they went out for dinner,\nthey sat down, and she explained my life, how I grew up, being her age, and what\nI've been through, and that I possess so much love--it's a beautiful letter--and\ninjecting into people love instead of hating anybody . . . It's a beautiful\nletter. She came by here and her mother, too. My wife met her. Very nice,\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=5250.0,5280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"white-collar people. They came in a beautiful Cadillac. You know how you feel\nwhen you get those kinds of letters. I got so many of them, of which I'm proud.\nThat was my life.\n\nEINSTEIN: Marty, you were in your ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=5280.0,5310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"home with your parents for really such a short\namount of time in your life. What do you think your parents taught you that was\nhelpful to you as you went on your own?\n\nSTORCH: I was young at the time. My parents . . . remembering the times what we\nwent through right when I was barely a teenager . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=5310.0,5340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Depression and the\nhate had arisen at the wrong time of my life. They did realize that we were in\ntrouble and that we were facing a very hard time--especially the Poles with the\nGermans. Don't forget: I used to go to movies and so did others. At the\npreviews, they showed the strength of Nazi Germany: those airplanes, the\ntanks--My G-d!--and the army, and the thousands of Gestapo soldiers walking . .\n. \"How can we compare with our Polish army of horses and wagons? How can we\nsurvive?\" I felt the Hitlerjugend--the youngsters of Nazi Germany--could have\nprobably won the European continent. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=5340.0,5370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was very confusing. We were very\ndiscouraged. We could see the reality that would take place in Europe. My\nparents were too busy thinking about our future because they could see a\nterrible cloud. I've thought many times of it because my father injected in us a\nlot about America, his life . . . This I had from my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=5370.0,5400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"father. Otherwise . . .\njust hit in the wrong time of my life.\n\nEINSTEIN: With those experiences behind you, what did you try to teach your\nchildren as they were growing up?\n\nSTORCH: At the time, I don't believe I had any thoughts about ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=5400.0,5430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it. I think I\nthought our survival could be difficult. I'll tell you why. I was 11 years old\nwhen Kristallnacht took place on 1938. I had seen that and heard about it. I was\ninterested in what went on in the world politically. I knew about how many Jews\ngot killed--who they had so ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=5430.0,5460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"many medals and recognition from Germany for\nfighting in the First World War--and how they were mistreated. They killed so\nmany. This was a great disturbance for me. Then I watched the voyage of the St.\nLouis, how the whole world had refused to let in a few little ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=5460.0,5490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jews. On the other\nside, how we been loved because we survived . . . You had such confusion. I\nsaid, \"A few little Jews? They won't even let us stay on the ocean! They said,\n'You better go back to Germany.'\" Probably the majority is not aware of what has\nhappened to the ones, the 700 and some. They came ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=5490.0,5520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"back. No one has survived.\n\nEINSTEIN: From the St. Louis?\n\nSTORCH: Just a few that England let in, Holland, and Belgium. The rest didn't\nsurvive. We kept up with it. It's so much overloaded with bitter memories, not\nlike the ordinary world thinking about. We just a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=5520.0,5550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"different kind of breed.\n\nEINSTEIN: What was it like for you to become a father? Were you worried about\nhaving children or were you looking forward to it?\n\nSTORCH: I was very confused. Being here, I was older. I don't know which\ndirection to go. The antisemitism was here when we came here. I had to hide my\nJewish ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=5550.0,5580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/187","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"name as a businessman. Like they told me in Paterson, New Jersey, \"You're\ngoing back to the life you have lived in Europe before the war.\" That was very\nconfusing. On the other hand, you take the good things . . . that I could\nprovide my kids with a good life. If this hadn't been the case, I probably\nwouldn't have had a child. You got to think those kinds of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=5580.0,5610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/188","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"things with a sober\nmind, not just jumping to any conclusion. That's my way of life. In Europe I\ndidn't have much education. I gave myself credit, when I was back in Germany. I\nwent to school for four and a half years after the work that we had done. I came\nin here with an engineering degree, which got me the job at Lockheed. I sent a\ncopy of my degree to Lockheed Industries. That's the reason I worked there. I\nspeak six ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=5610.0,5640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/189","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"languages, too. I would give myself some little credit for survival\nand doing as well as I've done. I helped lots of people. I recognize with so\nmany. I have letters from people with whom I've done business for 15 years, and\nhow they miss me in the business, and to call on them if anything, or to get\ntogether for lunch, or whatever. It makes me feel ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=5640.0,5670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/190","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so great because it's terrible\nto have enemies. I've been through it. I was somebody's enemy and I was not\nguilty of anything. That's life. Probably the Europeans are the ones who went\nthrough the camps. You got to think so much more reality because we didn't have\nany supervision when we grew ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=5670.0,5700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"up. In going through what kind of experiences in\nlife that we've seen until we got out, and then we got busy with ourselves to\nget away and to become human beings, and the stability . . . It was not easy, in\nthe honest way. It was not easy. We had to think a different way than others do.\nIt's a harder life than ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=5700.0,5730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"somebody who has an uncle or Mishpocha to help out or\nwhatever. We didn't rely on anybody. This makes you proud in life. My brother\nhad followed the same way and he was very successful.\n\nEINSTEIN: How did you become a human being after you described yourself as an\nanimal when you came out of the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=5730.0,5760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/193","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"camps?\n\nSTORCH: When I start thinking under normal circumstances the way we lived, it\nwas not surprising. I wouldn't say was an animal. I was one, too. For instance,\nif there were the German Shepherds from the Gestapo, chewing bones, and Bob and\nI went, after we run off the dogs, we took the same bones and we chewed ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=5760.0,5790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/194","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"them.\nThat's normal for human being life? What could we get out of the bones? The mind\ndidn't work anymore. Or find a potato and not to wash it or cut it in half and\nbreak it and eat it--a rotten potato? Now I'm going to the kitchen or right\nafter the liberation, I looked at my fork and knife, which were clean. I lived a\nfilthy life, this ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=5790.0,5820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"might . . . It changes you in many ways. Yes, we were in . . .\nIf anybody would probably have felt sad for a survivor, if he'd been as long as\nI'd been up there, and had my experiences, that we lived like animals, that's\ntoo bad. I admit, yes, no comments, nothing . . . just a piece of bread and\nthat's all. Many instances, I was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=5820.0,5850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/196","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"probably more lucky than others. I used to\nhave civilians for whom I worked, electrical and what have you. They always . .\n. They sometimes pointed at the garbage can and they said, \"Marty, take this\nout.\" He already pointed and I know what he meant. Inside was already, wrapped\nup in an old newspaper, a piece of bread with schpech or whatever it was. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=5850.0,5880.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When I\nate the sandwich, I thought I would live forever. Some of the others left a\nlittle soup. They said, \"Go ahead. There's a little soup. Wash it out or eat it,\nwhatever.\" They motioned to me because they were afraid to help anybody. You had\ngood-hearted people, too. They were just going through something they had to\nfollow up. I didn't hate those people. How can you ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=5880.0,5910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"hate?\n\nEINSTEIN: In your experiences with the people who were more kind to you, did\nthat help you trust people after the war?\n\nSTORCH: Yes. I had an instance in Gorlitz--I don't know if I'd call it an\nincident--with the local population. I mean, I learned so much from the Germans.\nIf you tell them what it's all about, why you're here . . . They took me one day\nto a lady. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=5910.0,5940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/199","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Her husband must have been a major in the Gestapo or whatever because\nshe had a big radio and there were no televisions at the time. There's a picture\nwith a terrible-looking, like a killer, with a Gestapo hat and uniform and\nmedals. I didn't want to ask her anything. I got down in the cellar, and the\nengineer already put down where I got to chisel the wall. It's not walls like\nhere, where you go through the sheet rock. Over ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=5940.0,5970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/200","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there, you've got to chisel the\nwall for four inches and then to put plaster on it. I knew that work and he\nmarked it. In the morning, they brought all the material for me to work, and\nbrought me up there in the morning, 8:00, 7:00, whenever. The first day, the\nlady didn't react to anything. The second day, I asked her for a broom and a\ndustpan. I wanted to clean up. She said, \"No, you ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=5970.0,6000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"don't. You leave it as it is.\"\nShe had somebody to come to clean the house. Then she said, \"Du sprichst\nDeutsch?\" How do I speak German. I said, \"I lived near the German border and I\nhave so many German friends.\" She gave herself a little time and another day\nwent by. She said, \"Let me ask you something, confidentially: In the morning,\nvery early in the morning, about 7:00,\" she ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=6000.0,6030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"said, \"I can hear thousands of\nyoungsters.\" We wore the Holland shoes and they're so loud where you walk the\nconcrete. I see so many of you walking to work in different directions, and what\nour papers say is those are the kids--not to feel sorry for us--that we're the\nkids that they took away from parents who killed Germans, and they were abusing\nand stealing from Germans.\" I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=6030.0,6060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"said, \"My father didn't hurt anybody. I didn't\nhurt anybody. No, that's not true.\" I took a heck of a chance to deny or to have\na confrontation, but I could see that she was for real and we didn't care\nanyway. That's the reason that they don't feel sorry for us. The same day, she\nmade me some food and told me, \"Leave it. Don't worry. If you'll be here another\nweek, it doesn't ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=6060.0,6090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"matter. They've got no choice, but you be here.\" She gave me\ncereals like grits--they call it 'Manna' in Germany--with water, with milk, with\nwhatever. I enjoyed that. You wouldn't believe it. Then she gave me, she said,\n\"You have a friend with you there?\" That was in Gorlitz. I said, \"Yeah.\" She\ngave me a piece of bread so it would fit in my jacket. We didn't have ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=6090.0,6120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/205","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"any\npockets in the outfits, but it fit where you tore up. I took it and helped a\nfriend of mine there. She was so polite. I was working up there for four weeks\nand the work was up there for one week. She wanted to just talk, and talk, and\nall about it. Then she talked about her husband. He was then in the Russian\nforces, up there wherever they had the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=6120.0,6150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/206","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"confrontation. Very nice lady. When I was\nliberated, I went up there. There was nobody in the whole house. Nobody.\nOtherwise I would have tried to see that she getting some kind of help from the\nRussians or whatever. I would've helped her. These experiences that you have,\nyou pay back whatever somebody does for ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=6150.0,6180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you.\n\nEINSTEIN: Have we missed anything? What else do you want to . . .\n\nSTORCH: As I said, I forgot from yesterday everything, but I can see like it\nwould be yesterday the faces. I can see Josef Mengele's face just as I get up\nand look. I had it once in the newspaper, in The Atlanta Journal. I saved it.\nWhen I put my hand over his face . . . He could have ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=6180.0,6210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"killed two or three guys,\ntake out a cigar and light it up. When I went and lay down--I still had human\nbeing understanding. I was not an animal at the time--I said, \"How does that man\nlie down at night? He sees the blood running and all . . . \" I saw one picture\nonce, a fellow with a little soup. He grabbed soup from the barrels where they\ndelivered it to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=6210.0,6240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/209","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the blocks. He went and scooped a little soup. They shot him.\nThe man was lying with an open wound in his stomach and he was still drinking\nthe soup, shaking, and fell asleep. How can that kind of thing be erased from\nyour mind? I wonder how in the heck does that man lie down at night and have not\na guilty feeling or . . . I just couldn't understand. I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=6240.0,6270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"probably was too young,\nbecause I'd never seen those kinds of atrocities. It couldn't get through\nme--like living in another world. I experienced so many things. No, you live . .\n. the whole life is packed with atrocities and memories, which they are not\npleasant. Lately, it's worse for ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=6270.0,6300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"me--terrible.\n\nEINSTEIN: Why has it been harder as you've gotten older?\n\nSTORCH: The leisure time, not being busy. See, it's a year now since I've been\nout of business. I have had a very tough time. That's the reason Rhona bought\nthat dog. I've had him for a while. He helps me a great deal. I had trouble with\nmy hip . . . a wonderful dog. We make over ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=6300.0,6330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there to block the pool and\neverything so the dogs cannot run away. I believe I have it back to be the mind\noccupied, get up in the morning to let her out, give it food. This keeps me kind\nof busy. I pet him and he plays with me, so the mind is working in a different\ndirection than sitting and reading the paper or television. You don't see\nanything encouraging or anything that would cheer you up. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=6330.0,6360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/213","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Again, we live in\nanother world, a world of hate and whatever. It's not pleasant. The only thing\nthat's pleasant is when you've got your family, and you've got the kids, and\ngrandkids who love you and care about. I care about them too. I helped them to\ngrow up. I supplied them with cars. I didn't want to put the pressure on my\nkids. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=6360.0,6390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I wanted to give something back in life because of my survival. I'm\ngrateful to the kids, too. My grandson gets off of work. I said, \"Where are you\nnow?\" He said, \"I'm in the car, Pop.\" I said, \"Will, please, wait till you get\nhome.\" I just hate even to talk to Rhona in the car on the telephone. If\nsomebody calls me, \"I go to a parking lot and I call you back.\" I don't. You\nknow how the mind ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=6390.0,6420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"works, but he always calls back. My granddaughter calls every\nnight when she gets home from school. They're loving and whatever. She's got a\ngreat personality, lovable child. She lectures on the Holocaust, too. She was at\nEmory with me once and lectured. Such a sweet girl. That is my biggest pleasure\nin the world--that the grandkids are giving back something. I've done for them\nin life ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=6420.0,6450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and my pleasure couldn't be greater. I've done something good. I help\nmany people in here, newcomers, to come to Atlanta and helped them to get their\nstability. Some of them didn't appreciate it; some of them did. I brought some\npeople from one family . . . He worked in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=6450.0,6480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/217","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"fur. He was allergic to fur and\ncouldn't work. His wife called me. We lived in Germany and we knew each other in\nBamberg. She said, \"Marty, could you find something for Hermann to do? Something\nin Atlanta?\" I was in the business and I said, \"Yeah, why don't you come on?\"\nThey had one child. They brought the kid. She's in Atlanta, married to a lawyer.\nAnyway, they'd gotten here. I found them a business. My brother and I went out\nand found them a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=6480.0,6510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/218","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"business--a grocery business. She was a very smart operator,\nhis wife. He was a tailor also, so he learned. He had patterns how to cut pork\nchops and all that. He learned and we helped them a lot. He came here, didn't\nhave much money. I signed at the bank. It was the National Bank of Georgia. They\nused to ask me over there . . . I had the two Lester brothers, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=6510.0,6540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/219","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"There's a\nmatter. You could get hit one of these days.\" I was writing the checks for them,\nmy liabilities. They paid back. I wouldn't say I have lost anything. But that\nparticular one, they walked in at a lucky moment in their lives. They started\nmaking so much money that they didn't know what to do. Mr. Hermann bought the\nwhole ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=6540.0,6570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/220","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"building, with four stores and apartments upstairs. I was delighted. I was\nso delighted. There went by probably three or four years. I knew that lady from\nNorcross, Georgia, Miss Betty Bryant. She was a real estate lady. She said,\n\"Marty, you know what? I'm surprised.\" I bought once a piece of land in Gwinnett\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=6570.0,6600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/221","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"County. \"Miss Hermann bought a large piece of land, about 40 some acres of land,\nand Lansky and Bromberg . . . \" She named me. She knew all the Jews here in\nAtlanta. \"I'm surprised because she knew that you can afford to buy. And I'm\nsurprised that she didn't call you because it was such a good deal.\" Then they\nsold it and made a few million dollars on ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=6600.0,6630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/222","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it. You just look back . . . Then I\nput my signature on it, not much money--six, seven thousand dollars--but it was\na lot of money then, at the end of the 1950's and the 1960's. They could have\njust touched bases. Then my wife also, \"Look at that! Miss Hermann, she'd gotten\nup, you know, the Almighty, and never got in touch with you?\" I said, \"Well,\nforget about it.\" I didn't want to have animosity against ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=6630.0,6660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/223","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"her. Whenever she\ncalled, \"I want to speak to my \"darling,\" you know, because I was so good to\nher.\" Then there was no more 'darling.' You experience so many things in life,\nbut especially I want to give back. I didn't look for anybody to give me\nanything or pay me back, but sometimes people don't do the right thing. It gets\non you . . . but I can't complain.\n\nEINSTEIN: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=6660.0,6690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/transcript/20917/annotation/224","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Thank you very much.\n\nSTORCH: I hope you got . . . you can do something with it. This is, I hope it's\nthe way--\n\nGHITIS: It's great.\n\nEINSTEIN: Thank you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=6690.0,6720.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/annotation_set/251","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Annotations [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/annotation_set/251/annotation/225","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOzorkow [Poland: Ozorków] was a textile manufacturing community in central Poland, 26 kilometers (16 miles) northwest of Lodz. Before World War II, Ozorkow was less than 150 kilometers (less than 95 miles) east of the German border. At the outbreak of World War II, the town had about 15,000 inhabitants, including just over 5,000 Jews and the rest being about equal parts German and Polish.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/annotation_set/251/annotation/226","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAs the Allied forces advanced in the winter of 1944, Jack and Will were among the prisoners at Auschwitz-Birkenau forced on a Death March. Jack and Volek managed to escape and fled into the Black Forest—a mountainous region in southwest Germany, bordering France. Three weeks later, French troops liberated them, but Will died on May 1, 1945 from either typhus or typhoid fever. Typhoid fever and typhus are different diseases that are caused by different bacteria, although the symptoms are similar and both result in death when untreated. Both were common in the camps due to hygienic conditions and the constant infestation by lice. Will is buried in a cemetery just over the border of Switzerland.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=60.0,90.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/annotation_set/251/annotation/227","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eChelmno was the first death camp in Poland. It was opened in December 1941. The Jews were brought to the village of Chelmno to a manor house, where they were told to take off their clothes and leave their belongings. Then they were loaded onto trucks about 50 to 70 at a time. The trucks were specially modified so that the exhaust gas didn’t go out the tailpipe but was directed up into the sealed cargo area where the Jews were loaded. As the truck drove from the village to the campsite where the mass graves were the Jews died of carbon monoxide poisoning or suffocation. When the truck arrived at the forest camp the bodies were unloaded, thrown into the mass graves and then the truck returned for more. It took about 20 minutes to make the one-way trip. Many of the Jews murdered there came from Lodz. In March 1943 it was closed and the graves dug up, the bodies burned and the ashes returned to the pits. Then in April 1944 it was opened again briefly to receive and murder the last Jews from Lodz. Altogether, at least 125,000 Jews were murdered there although the number is probably higher.  \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=90.0,120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/annotation_set/251/annotation/228","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOn April 25, 1942, armed Gendarmes and SS men sorted the Jews in the Orzokow ghetto into two groups. About half of the ghetto population—mostly young children and adolescents—were sent on trucks to the Chelmno extermination camp.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=90.0,120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/annotation_set/251/annotation/229","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEditor’s note: Marty says “Italian waters” in the interview, but it is far more likely that he means the Baltic Sea. Between late 1943 and March 1945, about 10,000 Jews from Italy were sent to concentration and extermination camps in central and Eastern Europe, particularly to Auschwitz-Birkenau. However, Jews from Poland generally stayed in Poland, where many of the concentration and extermination camps were.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=120.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/annotation_set/251/annotation/230","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe antisemitic atmosphere increased in Poland during the 1930’s. During that time, attacks on Jews increased. In 1935 and 1936, the synagogue and Jewish cemetery were vandalized and damaged. An economic boycott of Jewish businesses was in full force by 1937. After the German occupation in September 1939, the Polish and German populations in Ozorkow turned openly against the Jews.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=300.0,330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/annotation_set/251/annotation/231","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTo assist in managing the large communities within concentration or labor camps, German authorities installed a hierarchy of administrative units under their control. A \u003cem\u003ekapo\u003c/em\u003e was a prisoner in a concentration camp who was assigned by the SS guards to supervise forced labor or carry out administrative tasks in the camp. \u003cem\u003eKapos\u003c/em\u003e were generally criminals. The \u003cem\u003ekapo\u003c/em\u003e system minimized costs by allowing the camps to function with fewer SS personnel. It was designed to turn victim against victim, as the \u003cem\u003ekapos\u003c/em\u003e were pitted against their fellow prisoners in order to maintain the favor of their SS guards. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=420.0,450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/annotation_set/251/annotation/232","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWorld War II began when Germany invaded Poland on September 1, 1939. Fierce battles over Ozorkow took place and many residents—including Jews—were killed. Initially the Germans were forced to retreat, but finally took the city on September 5 or 7, 1939.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=450.0,480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/annotation_set/251/annotation/233","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAs German forces entered Poland, the Jews they encountered were immediately singled out for abuse or massacre. Anti-Jewish persecutions were introduced that impoverished and separated Jews from their Polish neighbors. After the German occupation of Poland, restrictions were immediately placed on Jewish communities that were meant to economically and socially isolate them. The Germans decreed that every Jewish business must have a German \u003cem\u003eTreühander\u003c/em\u003e [German: trustee]. In November 1939, all Jewish bank accounts in German-occupied Poland were frozen and Jews were limited in the amount of money they could withdraw. All Jews in German-occupied Poland were also forced to wear an armband or yellow star on their clothing to identify them as Jews. There were heavy penalties for those caught not wearing it. An open ghetto was established in Ozorkow in the summer of 1941.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=480.0,510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/annotation_set/251/annotation/234","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOn April 25, 1942, the Germans ordered that 8 or 10 Jews be publicly hanged on the market square, forcing the Jewish Police to participate in the executions.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=510.0,540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/annotation_set/251/annotation/235","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMarty is likely referring to the Endeks [Polish: \u003cem\u003eEndecja\u003c/em\u003e], the National Democratic party of Poland, which was created in 1897. The party was ideologically antisemitic and fascist, calling for a Polish-speaking Catholic Poland. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=540.0,570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/annotation_set/251/annotation/236","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWest Prussia is used as a general name for the historical region around the city of Gdansk in northern Poland.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=600.0,630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/annotation_set/251/annotation/237","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA string of camps were built in Upper Silesia after 1940 along the length of the proposed German autobahn (highway) into Poland.  The Jews sent to Annaberg and the other camps in the system originally helped to build the new highway.  The camps were run by the \u003cem\u003eSS Organisation Schmelt\u003c/em\u003e. About 1.4 million laborers—among them concentration camp prisoners, prisoners-of-war and compulsory laborers from occupied countries—were also employed in Germany by the civil and military engineering group, \u003cem\u003eOrganisation Todt\u003c/em\u003e, was responsible for a huge range of large-scale construction projects including building the \u003cem\u003eAutobahn\u003c/em\u003e (highway) network in Germany. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=600.0,630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/annotation_set/251/annotation/238","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIn the spring of 1941, several hundred young Jews mostly between the ages of 17 and 21 were rounded up and sent to forced labor camps near Gdansk and Poznan.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=630.0,660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/annotation_set/251/annotation/239","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe \u003cem\u003eKriminalpolizei\u003c/em\u003e [German], also known as the ‘kripo,’ were the German criminal police during World War II, While the Secret State Police (Gestapo), which investigated political opposition, and the Criminal Police (Kripo), which handled all other types of criminal activity. The Kripo was given limitless power for surveillance and was authorized to seize persons on the mere suspicion of criminal activity. As with those held by the Gestapo under protective custody, those held by the Kripo under preventive arrest had no right to appeal or access to a lawyer, and their arrests were not liable to judicial review. They were generally interned directly in a concentration camp. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=630.0,660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/annotation_set/251/annotation/240","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eVolksdeutsche\u003c/em\u003e is a term the German government used beginning in the twentieth century to describe Germans living or born outside of Germany, regardless of citizenship. The term was also applied to Poles with German ancestry or relatives. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=660.0,690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/annotation_set/251/annotation/241","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe \u003cem\u003eAutobahn\u003c/em\u003e is a federal controlled-access highway system in Germany. Construction was begun before Hitler came to power, but the Nazis appropriated the project and the \u003cem\u003eAutobahn\u003c/em\u003e became one of the Nazi regime’s showpieces. Multiple \u003cem\u003eAutobahn\u003c/em\u003e (also called the \u003cem\u003eReichsautobahn\u003c/em\u003e) routes were planned into Poland. One ran through northern Poland (and the region known as Prussia) and was to connect Berlin with Konigsberg [German: Königsberg; today it is known as Kaliningrad, Russia). Another route was to connect Berlin with Poznan [Polish: Poznań], a city in central western Poland. By late 1941, construction on the \u003cem\u003eAutobahn\u003c/em\u003e had ceased almost entirely, as focus was shifted to other war-related projects. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=690.0,720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/annotation_set/251/annotation/242","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOn May 21-22, 1942, 1,387 Jews were sent to Lodz as laborers. A final selection took place in August 1942. More workers were selected for the Lodz ghetto and all the others were killed.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=720.0,750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/annotation_set/251/annotation/243","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLodz [Polish: Łódź] was a large textile manufacturing city and Jewish cultural center about 75 miles from Warsaw and approximately 230 kilometers (143 miles) east of the German border. The Germans occupied it on September 8, 1939. On December 10, 1939, a ghetto was established on 4.13 square kilometers (almost 1.6 square miles) in the northern neighborhoods of the city. The living conditions in the ghetto, including food rations, were very poor because the ghetto was hermetically sealed. The mortality rate was very high. Waves of Jews from the surrounding area and Western Europe were pushed into the Lodz ghetto making the total number of Jews who passed through it at over 200,000. After a series of Aktions in 1942, the ghetto was turned into a work camp and by August 1944 the ghetto had been completely liquidated.  Some Jews were sent to a temporarily re-opened Chelmno and murdered.  Most were sent to Auschwitz-Birkenau.  \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=750.0,780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/annotation_set/251/annotation/244","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAuschwitz-Birkenau was a network of camps built and operated by Germany just outside the Polish town of Oswiecem (renamed ‘Auschwitz’ by the Germans) in Polish areas annexed by Germany during World War II. It is estimated that the SS and police deported at a minimum 1.3 million people (approximately 1.1 million of which were Jews) to the Auschwitz-Birkenau complex between 1940 and 1945. Camp authorities murdered 1.1 million of these prisoners.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=750.0,780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/annotation_set/251/annotation/245","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAfter liberation, camp survivors faced a long and difficult road to recovery. Survivors were so weak, emaciated, or sick that thousands died in the weeks after liberation. Eating foods that were too rich or complex for survivors’ bodies to handle could exasperate years of malnutrition and starvation, resulting in sickness or death.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=780.0,810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/annotation_set/251/annotation/246","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGorlitz [German: Görlitz] was a Jewish forced labor camp also known as ‘\u003cem\u003eBiesnitzer Grund\u003c/em\u003e.’ It was located in Biesnitz, a village southwest of Gorlitz, which is a town in present-day eastern Germany, on the Polish border. The camp was under the control of \u003cem\u003eOrganisation Schmelt\u003c/em\u003e from May 1943 to January 1944. In August 1944, the camp had become a sub-camp of Gross-Rosen and 225 Jewish prisoners were sent to Gorlitz from Auschwitz-Birkenau. Between 500 and 800 Jews from the dissolved Lodz ghetto arrived in the camp via Auschwitz-Birkenau on September 5, 1944. By December 1944, approximately 1,500 male and female prisoners were in the camp. Some of the prisoners made armored vehicles and others worked in a brick-making factory. The living and food conditions were terrible and the death rate was very high. The camp was forcibly evacuated on February 18, 1945 as the Russian army advanced. The march took three weeks and wound through the villages of Kunnerwitz, Friedersdorf, Sohland and Alterndorf to Rennersdorf. When they arrived at Rennersdorf, the Germans decided they wanted all the prisoners back at Gorlitz and they were marched back. The Russians liberated the camp on May 8, 1945. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=1020.0,1050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/annotation_set/251/annotation/247","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMuhlhausen [German: \u003cem\u003eMühlhausen\u003c/em\u003e] was part of the Buchenwald group of sub-camps.  The prisoners worked in the Geratbau GmbH, a subsidiary of the clock making firm Thiel, Ruhla, which manufactured timers and precision instruments, and the \u003cem\u003eJunkers\u003c/em\u003e aircraft company, which produced detonators and precision instruments.   \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=1110.0,1140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/annotation_set/251/annotation/248","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eKaddish\u003c/em\u003e [Hebrew: holy] is a hymn of praises to G-d found in the Jewish prayer service that is recited aloud while standing. The central theme of the \u003cem\u003eKaddish\u003c/em\u003e is the magnification and sanctification of G-d's name. Mourner's \u003cem\u003eKaddish\u003c/em\u003e is said at all prayer services and certain other occasions. Following the death of a parent, child, spouse, or sibling it is customary to recite the Mourner's \u003cem\u003eKaddish\u003c/em\u003e in the presence of a congregation daily for 30 days, or 11 months in the case of a parent, and then at every anniversary of the death. It is important to note that the Mourner's \u003cem\u003eKaddish\u003c/em\u003e does not mention death at all, but instead praises G-d. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=1170.0,1200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/annotation_set/251/annotation/249","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBaranovichi [Polish: Baranowicze; Russian: Baranavichy] is a city in present-day western Belarus. From 1921 to 1939 it was in Poland. On the eve of World War II, 12,000 Jews lived in Baranovichi. After the German and Russian invasion of Poland in 1939, it was under Soviet rule until the Germans captured the city on June 27, 1941. Hundreds of Jews were killed immediately and a ghetto was soon established and by December 1942, the city was declared \u003cem\u003eJudenrein\u003c/em\u003e [German: free of Jews]. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=1260.0,1290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/annotation_set/251/annotation/250","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIt is unclear what Marty is referring to here. When Jack died on September 24, 2001, he was buried at Arlington Memorial Park in Sandy Springs, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=1290.0,1320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/annotation_set/251/annotation/251","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMarty maybe referring to the West \u003cem\u003eAutobahn\u003c/em\u003e (known as the “A1”), which was the first \u003cem\u003eAutobahn\u003c/em\u003e to be built on Austrian territory. Construction began near Salzburg, Vienna in 1938. It was to run east-west to Linz, Austria but was not completed until after World War II. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=1470.0,1500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/annotation_set/251/annotation/252","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIn October 1940, the Lodz ghetto’s Central Prison was established in on Czarnieckiego Street. The prison consisted of several brick and wooden buildings surrounded by a wall and a wire fence. The prison was managed by the Jewish police force and housed Jews who were suspected of crime such as theft or bribery. Poles caught trading goods illegally or smuggling food to the ghetto were occasionally sent to the prison. The \u003cem\u003eKripo\u003c/em\u003e also sent Jews to the prison who were found smuggling or escaping. The location was also an assembly point for people destined for the Nazi labor and death camps. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=1560.0,1590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/annotation_set/251/annotation/253","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBetween January 1, 1943 and March 31, 1943, German SS and police authorities deported approximately 105,000 Jews from Lodz to Auschwitz-Birkenau.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=1590.0,1620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/annotation_set/251/annotation/254","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAn abbreviation of \u003cem\u003eGeheime Staatspolizei\u003c/em\u003e, which means “Secret State Police.” It was established in 1934 and placed under Heinrich Himmler. With virtually unlimited powers, it was highly feared. The \u003cem\u003eGestapo\u003c/em\u003e acted to oppress and persecute Jews and other opponents of the Nazis, including rounding up Jews throughout Europe for deportation to extermination camps. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=1620.0,1650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/annotation_set/251/annotation/255","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSS-Obersturmführer Johann Paul Kremer, M.D., Ph.D., (1883-1965) was an assistant professor at the University of Münster. As a physician of the Waffen SS, Kremer was ordered to Auschwitz-Birkenau on August 30, 1942, where he replaced a doctor who had fallen sick. He carried out his duties there only for a short time—less than 3 months. His job was to assess prisoners attempting to gain admission to the hospital. Kremer ordered most of them killed by phenol injection. He selected prisoners who struck him as particularly good experimental material, and questioned them just before their deaths, as they lay on the autopsy table awaiting injection, about such personal details as their weight before arrest and any medicines they had used recently. In some cases, he ordered these prisoners photographed.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=1710.0,1740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/annotation_set/251/annotation/256","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eNo information could be found on Doctor Heidenreich.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=1710.0,1740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/annotation_set/251/annotation/257","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eNo information could be found on Doctor Maurer.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=1710.0,1740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/annotation_set/251/annotation/258","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDuring World War II, a number of German physicians conducted medical experiments on concentration camp prisoners. They performed these studies without the consent of the victims, who suffered indescribable pain, mutilation, permanent disability, or, in many cases, death as a result. The unethical experiments carried out may be divided into three categories. One category consists of experiments aimed at facilitating the survival of Axis military personnel. In the second category, experiments were aimed at developing and testing treatment methods, including pharmaceuticals, for injuries or illnesses encountered in the field by German military personnel. The third category sought to advance the racial and ideological tenets of the Nazi Party’s worldview. Josef Mengele’s experiments at Auschwitz-Birkenau are perhaps the most infamous example of such experiments. The most notorious experiments involved freezing, high altitude, poison, tuberculosis, transplants, sterilization, artificial insemination, seawater, and experiments on twins. Many physicians worked at Auschwitz-Birkenau during its existence. Medical staff routinely performed selections of prisoners at the arrival ramp, determining who would be retained for work, who would be sent to the gas chambers, and sometimes, as in the case of Josef Mengele, who would be used in medical experiments.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=1710.0,1740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/annotation_set/251/annotation/259","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJosef Mengele was born in 1911. He became a doctor and joined the SS. He was notorious for being one of the physicians who sorted newly arrived prisoners on the ramp at Auschwitz-Birkenau, picking out those he wanted for his medical experiments—especially twins—thus earning him the nickname the ‘Angel of Death.’ Many survivors recall being selected by Mengele, but caution should be used because Mengele only arrived in Auschwitz-Birkenau on May 24, 1943.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=1740.0,1770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/annotation_set/251/annotation/260","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eZyklon B was originally used in Germany before and during World War II for disinfection and pest extermination in ships, buildings and machinery. After the end of August 1941, Zyklon B was used in Auschwitz, first experimentally, and then routinely, as an agent of mass annihilation.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=1860.0,1890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/annotation_set/251/annotation/261","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDuring the Holocaust, concentration camp prisoners received tattoos only at one location: the Auschwitz-Birkenau concentration camp complex. Tattooing was introduced at Auschwitz in the autumn of 1941 for Soviet prisoners of war. In March 1942, tattoos were used to identify prisoners at Auschwitz II (Birkenau). By the spring of 1943, the SS authorities throughout the entire Auschwitz complex adopted the practice of tattooing almost all previously registered and newly arrived prisoners, including female prisoners. Prisoners were given tattoos on their forearms of their camp serial number, which was also sewn onto their uniforms. Only prisoners selected for work were registered and given serial numbers; those that were sent directly to the gas chambers were not registered or given tattoos.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=1920.0,1950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/annotation_set/251/annotation/262","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEmory University is a private university in Atlanta. It was founded in 1836 by a small group of Methodists and named in honor of Methodist bishop John Emory and is one of the top ranked universities in the United States today.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=1950.0,1980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/annotation_set/251/annotation/263","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIn addition to two large synagogues—the Great Synagogue and the Bet ha-Midrash—there were \u003cem\u003eshtieblach\u003c/em\u003e [Hasidic houses of prayer] in Ozorkow. The last rabbi of the community was Rabbi David Behr. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=2160.0,2190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/annotation_set/251/annotation/264","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eDer Stürmer\u003c/em\u003e [German: The Striker] was a weekly German tabloid-format newspaper published by Julius Streicher from 1923 almost continuously through to the end of World War II. It was notoriously antisemitic. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=2340.0,2370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/annotation_set/251/annotation/265","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eScharführer\u003c/em\u003e [German: squad leader] was a title or rank used in early twentieth century German military terminology, but is most recognizable as a rank of the SS and title of the SA. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=2700.0,2730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/annotation_set/251/annotation/266","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWhen hostilities ended on May 8, 1945 in Europe, liberated Jews plagued by illness and exhaustion, emerged from concentration camps and hiding places to discover a world in which they had no place. Bereft of home and family, and reluctant to return to their pre-war homelands, these Jews were joined in a matter of months by more than 150,000 other Jews fleeing fierce antisemitism in Poland, Hungary, Romania and Russia. Allied forces established temporary facilities (displaced persons camps) in camps and urban centers across Germany, Austria, and Italy. From 1945 to 1952, more than 250,000 Jewish displaced persons (DPs) lived in the DP camps. Allied authorities and the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA) administered these facilities. Eventually, DPs were repatriated to their home countries, reestablished themselves in new countries or immigrated outside of Europe. Most of the DP camps were closed by 1950.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=2970.0,3000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/annotation_set/251/annotation/267","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee (commonly called “the Joint”) is a worldwide Jewish relief organization headquartered in New York. It was established in 1914. After World War II, the Joint provided desperately needed supplies and necessities to survivors inside and outside of DP camps in Eastern Europe, Hungary, Poland and Romania.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=3000.0,3030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/annotation_set/251/annotation/268","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIt is unclear which camp Marty’s sister and stepmother were evacuated from and difficult to determine which ship they were on. As Allied forces advanced in the winter and spring of 1945, the Germans evacuated many prisoners from camps in the area around Danzig [Polish: Gdansk] near the Baltic Sea in northern Poland, particularly Stutthof. In some cases, the prisoners were deliberately marched into the sea and machine-gunned. In other instances, the prisoners were loaded onto ships and barges to be sent to the Neuengamme concentration camp near Hamburg, Germany. Some of those ships and barges were sunk deliberately and some were sunk during bombing raids. Some 7,000 prisoners in Neuengamme were then evacuated just days before the war ended in early May 1945 and forced to march to the nearby port of Lubeck, where they were loaded onto several old freighters. The Germans intended to take the ships into the Baltic Sea and sink them, but before they could leave the harbor, British aircraft mistook the ships for German transports, bombed the ships and they sank. Almost all the prisoners on the ships died.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=3270.0,3300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/annotation_set/251/annotation/269","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRubin and Lola Borkowska Lansky were Polish Holocaust survivors who met in New York following World War II. They married in 1947 and moved to Atlanta in 1953. Their stories are available from the Cuba Family Archives of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum at \u003ca href=\"https://www.thebreman.org/Research/Cuba-Family-Archives/Oral-Histories/ArticleType/ArticleView/ArticleID/869\"\u003ehttps://www.thebreman.org/Research/Cuba-Family-Archives/Oral-Histories/ArticleType/ArticleView/ArticleID/869\u003c/a\u003e and \u003ca href=\"https://www.thebreman.org/Research/Cuba-Family-Archives/Oral-Histories/ArticleType/ArticleView/ArticleID/770\"\u003ehttps://www.thebreman.org/Research/Cuba-Family-Archives/Oral-Histories/ArticleType/ArticleView/ArticleID/770\u003c/a\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=3420.0,3450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/annotation_set/251/annotation/270","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAn Affidavit of Support and Sponsorship was among the criteria applicants seeking an entry visa into the United States during the 1930’s and 1940’s had to meet. This required two sponsors, who were United States citizens or had permanent resident status. Sponsors had to provide proof of their financial status (Federal tax returns and an affidavit from their bank and employer) to ensure that the immigrants would not become dependent upon social welfare programs. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=3450.0,3480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/annotation_set/251/annotation/271","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBremerhaven is a port city on Germany’s North Sea coast. Between 1830 and 1974, the city was Germany’s largest passenger port handling transatlantic traffic.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=3450.0,3480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/annotation_set/251/annotation/272","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMarty, Dora, Mary, and Jack Storch sailed from Bremerhaven, Germany on September 18, 1949 aboard the General J. H. McRae. They arrived in the United States in New York City, New York on September 28, 1949.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=3510.0,3540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/annotation_set/251/annotation/273","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePaterson is a city in northeastern New Jersey, approximately 20 miles northwest of New York City, New York.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=3510.0,3540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/annotation_set/251/annotation/274","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDetroit is the largest city in the midwestern state of Michigan in the United States. In the mid and late twentieth century, it was known as an industrial powerhouse and as “Motor City” for its ties to the auto industry.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=3510.0,3540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/annotation_set/251/annotation/275","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Ku Klux Klan (or Knights of the Ku Klux Klan today) is a white supremacist, white nationalist, anti-immigration, anti-Jewish, anti-Catholic, anti-black secret society, whose methods included terrorism and murder. It was founded in the South in the 1860’s and then died out and come back several times, most notably in the 1920’s when membership soared again, and then again in the 1960’s during the civil rights era. It is still in existence.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=3600.0,3630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/annotation_set/251/annotation/276","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMitchell Street is in Downtown Atlanta, Georgia in an area that was part of Atlanta's original business district thanks in part to its proximity to the city's main railroad station. Mitchell Street is also part of a historic district known as Hotel Row.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=3750.0,3780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/annotation_set/251/annotation/277","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMarty may be referring to financial assistance that was sometimes provided to Jewish survivors of the Holocaust by organizations such as the American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee (JDC or \"Joint\") and the Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society (HIAS). The passenger manifest for the ship on which Marty, Dora, Mary and Jack Storch arrived in the United States on indicates that they were DPs and that their trip was sponsored by HIAS. HIAS was founded in 1881. Its original purpose was the help the constant flow of Jewish immigrants from Russian in relocating. After World War II, they assisted 167,000 Jews to leave DP camps and emigrate to the United States, Canada, Australia, and South America.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=3750.0,3780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/annotation_set/251/annotation/278","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Lockheed Corporation (originally the Loughead Aircraft Manufacturing Company) was an American aerospace company. Lockheed was founded in 1912 and later merged with Martin Marietta to form Lockheed Martin in 1995.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=3750.0,3780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/annotation_set/251/annotation/279","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIn 1953, there was a “French \u0026amp; Crawford, Inc.” at 404 Marietta Street in Atlanta, Georgia, but it is unclear if this is the name of Jack and Marty’s business.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=3810.0,3840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/annotation_set/251/annotation/280","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAhavath Achim was founded in 1887 in a small room on Gilmer Street. In 1901 they moved to a permanent building at the corner of Piedmont and Gilmer Street. In 1921, the congregation constructed a synagogue at Washington Street and Woodward Avenue. The final service in that building was held in 1958 to make way for construction of the Downtown Connector (the concurrent section of Interstate 75 and Interstate 85 through Atlanta). The synagogue moved to its current location on Peachtree Battle Avenue in 1958.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=3840.0,3870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/annotation_set/251/annotation/281","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIn 1928 Rabbi Harry Epstein (1903-2003) served as the rabbi of Ahavath Achim from 1928 to 1982.  Under his leadership the congregation began to shift to Conservatism, which they adopted in 1952. Rabbi Epstein retired in 1982, becoming Rabbi Emeritus and Rabbi Arnold Goodman assumed the rabbinic post.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=3870.0,3900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/annotation_set/251/annotation/282","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMarty is referring to an area known as Old Fourth Ward, a historic neighborhood on the east side of Atlanta, Georgia, United States.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=3900.0,3930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/annotation_set/251/annotation/283","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFounded in 1904, Shearith Israel began as a congregation that met in the homes of congregants until 1906 when they began using a Methodist church on Hunter Street. After World War II, Rabbi Tobias Geffen moved the congregation to University Drive, where it became the first synagogue in DeKalb County. In the 1960’s, they removed the barrier between the men and women’s sections in the sanctuary, and officially became affiliated with the Conservative movement in 2002.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=3930.0,3960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/annotation_set/251/annotation/284","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMarty may be referring to Max Kuniansky, who was heavily involved in Atlanta real estate, in particular commercial properties, and whose story is available from the Cuba Family Archives of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum at \u003ca href=\"https://www.thebreman.org/Research/Cuba-Family-Archives/Oral-Histories/ID/871/Kuniansky-Max\"\u003ehttps://www.thebreman.org/Research/Cuba-Family-Archives/Oral-Histories/ID/871/Kuniansky-Max\u003c/a\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=3930.0,3960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/annotation_set/251/annotation/285","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Fairlie–Poplar district is part of the central business district in downtown Atlanta, Georgia. Georgia State University is located along the district’s southeastern edge and Sweet Auburn, a historically African-American neighborhood, is on the district’s eastern edge.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=4020.0,4050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/annotation_set/251/annotation/286","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eColonial Stores, Inc. was founded in 1901 and was one of the nations largest supermarket operators for much of the twentieth century. At one point, the company had over 500 stores operating in 11 states, including Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Maryland, Ohio, Kentucky and Indiana. By the 1970’s, the company had been sold, renamed and began to close locations.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=4020.0,4050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/annotation_set/251/annotation/287","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDecatur is a city in Georgia, northeast of Atlanta.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=4080.0,4110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/annotation_set/251/annotation/288","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBetween 1945 and 1947, the Allied governments enacted various legislation dealing with reparations to be paid to the victims of Nazi oppression. The Jewish Agency presented the first official claim to the Allied governments in September 1945. The Conference on Jewish Material Claims Against Germany (Claims Conference) was established in October 1951 to help with individual claims against Germany arising from the Holocaust. The Claims Conference initially recovered $100 million from West Germany, with direct compensation to Holocaust survivors paid in installments. In 1952, the government of West Germany reached an agreement with the state of Israel and the Conference on Jewish Material Claims Against Germany to pay reparations for material losses and injuries incurred during the Holocaust. Three separate German laws, known as the West German Federal Indemnification Laws, were adopted in 1953, 1956, and 1965. They further provided for compensation in the form of one-time payments and monthly pensions to Holocaust survivors. In the years since, other agreements for reparations have also been reached.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=4140.0,4170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/annotation_set/251/annotation/289","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDora (Dorothy) Gutman Storch (1922/1924 - 2009) was born in Lodz, Poland. She and her sister were the only survivors of their family. Her parents, one sister, and a younger brother were murdered during World War II. Her story is available from the Cuba Family Archives of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum at \u003ca href=\"http://archive.thebreman.org/detail.php?type=related\u0026amp;kv=11994\u0026amp;t=objects\"\u003ehttp://archive.thebreman.org/detail.php?type=related\u0026amp;kv=11994\u0026amp;t=objects\u003c/a\u003e.  \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=4170.0,4200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/annotation_set/251/annotation/290","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe People's Commissariat for State Security [Russian: \u003cem\u003eНародный комиссариат государственной безопасности\u003c/em\u003e] or NKGB, was the name of the Soviet secret police, intelligence and counter-intelligence force that existed from February 3, 1941 to July 20, 1941, and again from 1943 to 1946, before being renamed the Ministry for State Security (MGB). \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=4350.0,4380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/annotation_set/251/annotation/291","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe University of Denver is a private American university located in Denver, Colorado.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=4710.0,4740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/annotation_set/251/annotation/292","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe University of Florida is an American public research university in Gainesville, Florida.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=4800.0,4830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/annotation_set/251/annotation/293","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFormer Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad frequently denied the Holocaust. In a December 2005 speech, he accused Israel of fabricating the Holocaust for its own political agenda.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=4950.0,4980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/annotation_set/251/annotation/294","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWorld War I had a long-term impact on Europe’s economy and financial stability. Postwar inflation spiraled into hyperinflation by the 1920’s and European banks struggled to stay open. Exasperating the situation were skyrocketing unemployment rates. By 1929, with the crash of the American stock market, until about 1939, the entire Western world was engulfed in an economic downturn that had immediately visible political and social ramifications, including increased antisemitism and the rise of power in Germany of Adolf Hitler’s National Socialist German Workers' Party (or Nazi Party).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=5070.0,5100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/annotation_set/251/annotation/295","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Hitler Youth [German: \u003cem\u003eHitlerjugend\u003c/em\u003e] was a youth organization of the Nazi Party in Germany. It existed from 1922 to 1945. It was modeled after its adult counterpart, the \u003cem\u003eSturmabteilung\u003c/em\u003e (SA), and was paramilitary in organization. It was for males 14 to 18 years of age. There was another section for young boys called \u003cem\u003eDeutsches Jungvolk\u003c/em\u003e and a girls’ section called \u003cem\u003eBund Deutscher Madel\u003c/em\u003e [German: Association of German Girls]. The Hitler Youth were viewed as future “Aryan supermen” and were indoctrinated as such. The Hitler Youth put emphasis on physical and military training. The Hitler Youth emphasized sports as a means of preparing boys for service as soldiers in the armed forces or, later, in the SS. They had uniforms like the SA with similar ranks and insignia. It also served to indoctrinate students with the National Socialist worldview. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=5340.0,5370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/annotation_set/251/annotation/296","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOn November 8 and 9, 1938, the Nazis started a state-sponsored nationwide pogrom. Across the country (and in Austria) Jewish synagogues, homes and businesses were looted and burned, Jews were attacked on the streets and 91 were killed. Thousands of Jewish men were sent to concentration camps for several weeks and released only when they agreed to leave the country as soon as possible. The Jews were made to pay for the damages to their premises. The pogrom was called ‘\u003cem\u003eKristallnacht\u003c/em\u003e,’ which means ‘Night of Broken Glass,’ because of all the damage done to Jewish shop windows. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=5430.0,5460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/annotation_set/251/annotation/297","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSome of the first anti-Jewish measures taken in Germany included a series of laws in 1933, which expelled all “non-Aryans” (defined as anyone with a Jewish parent or grandparent) from civil service, barred Jews from practicing as lawyers or physicians, and restricted Jewish enrollment in German high schools. Initially, exceptions were made for German veterans of World War I and their children. These exceptions reinforced the way many veterans identified themselves—as Germans rather than as Jews—and created a false and short-lived sense of security. Eventually, all German Jews—regardless of their earlier service to their country—were disenfranchised and suffered under the increasing anti-Jewish laws and abuses.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=5460.0,5490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/annotation_set/251/annotation/298","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe \u003cem\u003eSS St. Louis\u003c/em\u003e was a German ocean liner most notable for a single voyage which began on May 13, 1939, in which her captain, Gustav Schröder, tried to find homes for 936 German-Jewish refugees, after they were denied entry to Cuba (even though they had valid visas), the United States and Canada. The ship with its Jewish refugees was forced to return to Europe where the passengers were admitted to France, Belgium, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom. The 288 passengers who were accepted by the United Kingdom survived. Of the 620 who were returned to continental Europe, the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum estimates that the Germans murdered 254.  \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=5520.0,5550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/annotation_set/251/annotation/299","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eThe Atlanta Journal\u003c/em\u003e was a newspaper established in 1883. In 1982, it combined with the\u003cem\u003e Atlanta Constitution\u003c/em\u003e to become \u003cem\u003eThe Atlanta Journal-Constitution\u003c/em\u003e (AJC). Today, the AJC is the only major daily newspaper in metropolitan Atlanta, Georgia. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=6180.0,6210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/annotation_set/251/annotation/300","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBamberg is a historic city in central Germany, located on the Main River, approximately 55 kilometers (34 miles) north of Nuremberg. After World War II, Bamberg was one of the largest cities in the northernmost part of the American zone of Germany, close to the Soviet zone.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=6480.0,6510.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/index/47358","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Storch, Marty [Index]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/index/47358/annotation/301","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Background Information","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=0.0,200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/index/47358/annotation/302","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Could you please state your name?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171#t=0.0,200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32406/file/101171/index/47358/annotation/303","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Chelmno Concentration Camp","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Eva 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