{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/m03xs5m29b/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Benator, Josiah"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["2017/07/13 (captured)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Agent"]},"value":{"en":["Benator, Josiah (Interviewee)","Spector, Deborah (Interviewer)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["Audio"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source"]},"value":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum","Esther and Herbert Taylor Oral History Collection","Jewish Oral History Project of Atlanta"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eJosiah Benator was interviewed by Deborah Spector on July 13, 2017 in Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e (general)","\u003cp\u003eJosiah Victor Benator was born to Rhodes immigrants Victor Benator and Estrea de Leon Benator in Atlanta, Georgia on February 4th, 1922. He grew up during the Great Depression with his five siblings on Central Avenue and Pryor Street. His family were members of Congregation Or VeShalom. During childhood, he attended Georgia Avenue School and Formwalt School for his elementary years. He graduated from Hoke Smith High School and continued to study Industrial Management at the Georgia Institute of Technology in 1939. While attending college, he participated in the Reserve Officers’ Training Corps, eventually joining the 10th Armored Division to fight in World War II in the Battle of the Bulge.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eAfter being injured in battle, getting shell shock, and returning to work at a labor supervision company during wartime, he went home having earned a purple heart. The memoirist married upon his return from war. Josiah Benator married Birdie Benveniste in 1947,  later having seven children and 13 grandchildren. “Mr. Benator” worked at Scripto for 22 years and retired from Rayloc another 22 years later. Throughout his life, Josiah Benator has been a dedicated Boy Scout of America, both as a scout and scout master for over 70 years. He makes sure to always credit his beloved late wife for her support when he receives an award, claiming she is the “true honoree.” Josiah is still an active member in his community today.\u003c/p\u003e (bioghist)","\u003cp\u003eThe interview begins with Josiah Benator sharing his family tree and describing how they came from the Sephardic community on the Isle of Rhodes. The memoirist tells the interviewer about growing up with his parents and five siblings in the City of Atlanta, Georgia during the Great Depression. He details the schools he attended and his memories from being a child.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eWhen approaching the retelling of his adulthood, the memoirist discusses going to college and training for the military before joining the 10th Armored Division in Europe during World War II. At this time, he speaks about the Battle of the Bulge, bombing Bastogne, and being injured in battle. Benator then recalls returning to the United States to work during the Depression.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eA main theme throughout the interview revolves around Josiah Benator being a dedicated Boy Scout, either as a scout or a scoutmaster, for over 70 years. He retells stories of childhood scout activities and involvement in the community. Benator discusses starting and maintaining Jewish chapters of the Boy Scouts of America.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eThe interviewer asks Benator to recount if, as children, they experienced antisemitism or racism. Although he says they did not recognize it as a child, he considers why racism was prevalent among the Southern Jewish community then. Benator ends the interview speaking about legacy and his family’s accomplishments.\u003c/p\u003e (scope content)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject"]},"value":{"en":["Benator, Josiah, 1922- (personal name)","Spector, Deborah (personal name)","DeLeon, Isaiah Yechaya (personal name)","Alhadeff, Jamella (Emily) (personal name)","Isle of Rhodes (geographic)","Spanish inquisition (named event)","World War II (named event)","Greece (geographic)","Allied Forces (topical term)","Italy (geographic)","Forced removal of civilians during wartime (topical)","Auschwitz-Birkenau (geographic)","Harare (Zimbabwe) (geographic)","Atlanta (Ga.) (geographic)","Immigration (topical)","Benator, Birdie Benveniste, 1925-2023 (personal name)","Central Avenue (Atlanta, Ga.) (geographic)","Cape Town (South Africa) (geographic)","Pryor Street (Atlanta, Ga.) (geographic)","Georgia Avenue School (Atlanta, Ga.) (corporate name)","Formwalt School (Atlanta, Ga.) (corporate name)","Holocaust (named event)","Great Depression (named event)","Sephardi Jews (topical)","Or VeShalom (Atlanta, Ga.) (topical)","Hebrew Benevolent Congregation (Atlanta, Ga.) (topical)","The Temple (Atlanta, Ga.) (topical)","Punishment of children (topical)","Antisemitism (topical)","Boy Scouts (corporate name)","Frank, Leo Max, 1884-1915 (personal name)","Hoke Smith High School (Atlanta, Ga.) (corporate name)","Bar mitzvah (topical)","Scarlet fever (topical)","Commercial High School (Atlanta, Ga.) (corporate name)","Georgia State University (corporate name)","Georgia Institute of Technology (corporate name)","Reserve Officers' Training Corps (U.S.) (corporate name)","Officer Candidate School (U.S.) (corporate name)","Fort Knox (Ky.) US Army Armor Center (corporate name)","10th Armored Division (corporate name)","Camp Gordon (Richmond County, Ga.) (geographic)","Augusta (Ga.) (geographic)","Normandy (France) (geographic)","D-Day, 1944 (Normandy invasion) (named event)","Ardennes (France) (geographic)","Battle of the Bulge (named event)","McAuliffe, Anthony C., 1898-1975 (personal name)","Bastogne (Belgium) (geographic)","Shell shock (topical term)","College (topical)","Genealogy (topical)","Shearith Israel Synagogue (Columbus, Ga.) (topical)","Geffen, Rabbi David, 1938- (personal name)","Geffen, Rabbi Tobias, 1870-1970 (personal name)","Sugarman, Rabbi Alvin M., 1938- (personal name)","Rotary Club (corporate name)","Hirsch Brothers (Atlanta, Ga.) (corporate name)","Eagle Scouts (topical term)","Stone Mountain (Ga.) (geographic)","Chattahoochee River (geographic)","Ku Klux Klan (1915- ) (corporate name)","Civil rights movement (named event)","Jim Crow laws (topical term)","Buckhead (Atlanta, Ga.) (geographic)","Decatur (Ga.) (geographic)","Segregation (topical term)","Rothschild, Rabi Jacob Mortimer, (1911-1973) (personal name)","Parenting (topical)","Legacy (topical)","Grandparenting (topical)","Quilts of Valor Foundation (corporate name)","Award ceremonies (topical)","Purple Heart (topical term)","Jewish Federation of Greater Atlanta (Ga.) (corporate name)","Taglit-Birthright Israel (Organization) (corporate name)","Military (topical)","Vietnam war (named event)","Survival (topical)","Labor Supervision Company (topical term)","Veteran (topical)","Battle (topical)"]}}],"summary":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eJosiah Benator was interviewed by Deborah Spector on July 13, 2017 in Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJosiah Victor Benator was born to Rhodes immigrants Victor Benator and Estrea de Leon Benator in Atlanta, Georgia on February 4th, 1922. He grew up during the Great Depression with his five siblings on Central Avenue and Pryor Street. His family were members of Congregation Or VeShalom. During childhood, he attended Georgia Avenue School and Formwalt School for his elementary years. He graduated from Hoke Smith High School and continued to study Industrial Management at the Georgia Institute of Technology in 1939. While attending college, he participated in the Reserve Officers\u0026rsquo; Training Corps, eventually joining the 10th Armored Division to fight in World War II in the Battle of the Bulge.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eAfter being injured in battle, getting shell shock, and returning to work at a labor supervision company during wartime, he went home having earned a purple heart. The memoirist married upon his return from war. Josiah Benator married Birdie Benveniste in 1947, \u0026nbsp;later having seven children and 13 grandchildren. \u0026ldquo;Mr. Benator\u0026rdquo; worked at Scripto for 22 years and retired from Rayloc another 22 years later. Throughout his life, Josiah Benator has been a dedicated Boy Scout of America, both as a scout and scout master for over 70 years. He makes sure to always credit his beloved late wife for her support when he receives an award, claiming she is the \u0026ldquo;true honoree.\u0026rdquo; Josiah is still an active member in his community today.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe interview begins with Josiah Benator sharing his family tree and describing how they came from the Sephardic community on the Isle of Rhodes. The memoirist tells the interviewer about growing up with his parents and five siblings in the City of Atlanta, Georgia during the Great Depression. He details the schools he attended and his memories from being a child.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eWhen approaching the retelling of his adulthood, the memoirist discusses going to college and training for the military before joining the 10th Armored Division in Europe during World War II. At this time, he speaks about the Battle of the Bulge, bombing Bastogne, and being injured in battle. Benator then recalls returning to the United States to work during the Depression.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eA main theme throughout the interview revolves around Josiah Benator being a dedicated Boy Scout, either as a scout or a scoutmaster, for over 70 years. He retells stories of childhood scout activities and involvement in the community. Benator discusses starting and maintaining Jewish chapters of the Boy Scouts of America.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eThe interviewer asks Benator to recount if, as children, they experienced antisemitism or racism. Although he says they did not recognize it as a child, he considers why racism was prevalent among the Southern Jewish community then. Benator ends the interview speaking about legacy and his family\u0026rsquo;s accomplishments.\u003c/p\u003e"]},"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/239/615/small/Benator_Josiah.mp4_1713575647.jpg?1713575655","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - Benator__Josiah.mp4"]},"duration":3754.93,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/239/615/small/Benator_Josiah.mp4_1713575647.jpg?1713575655","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-thebreman.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/239/615/original/Benator__Josiah.mp4?1713575641","type":"Video","format":"video/mp4","duration":3754.93,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Benator_Josiah [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SPECTOR: Hello.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=0.0,2.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BENATOR: Good morning.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=2.0,5.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SPECTOR: Good morning, this is Deborah Spector, and I am a volunteer with the\n[Esther and Herbert Taylor Oral History Project of Atlanta]. I am here today ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=5.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nwith you, Josiah Benator, on July 13, 2017, at your home at 1415 La Chona\n[Court]. Thank you so much for agreeing to participate in the Taylor Oral\nHistory Project at the [William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum]. Your ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nparticipation will make a significant difference to members of our community,\nand I cannot thank you enough for spending this time with us. I am going to\nstart with your family history. Before I do, please let me know if you need to\ntake a break or if you need to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=60.0,90.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nget some water and we will stop and then start back when you're ready.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=90.0,100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BENATOR: Thank you. I'm glad to be here.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=100.0,106.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SPECTOR: Let's start with your grandparents. What were your grandparents’ names?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=106.0,114.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BENATOR: My grandparents from my mother's side was Isaiah Yechaya ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=114.0,121.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nde Leon, and my [grandmother] was Jamella [Alhadeff]. Jamella is Emily. They\nwere living in the Isle of Rhodes, which is off the coast of Greece. They had to\n. . . move there when the inquisition in Spain, all the Jewish families spread\nout and some of them came to the Isle of Rhodes. They have—I understand I\nhaven't been there— family there. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=121.0,151.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nThey have a cemetery that they go back to every three to four years where they\nwere, there in Rhodes. It's a beautiful place. They enjoyed living there.\n[During] the time they lived there, the Greeks were predominant there, because\nit's right next to Greece . . . During World War Two, the Italians were there in\nRhodes. When Italy . . . they ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=151.0,181.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\ngot out of the war, Italy. They surrendered. The Germans came into the Isle of\nRhodes. In 1944, the Germans called up all the people on the Isle of Rhodes and\nthey put them on boats and took them to Auschwitz. It was a very serious trial.\nI've read stories of how they were on the boats and no food. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=181.0,211.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nIt was terrible how they treated the people. My wife . . . her grandparents and\nher two uncles died in Auschwitz. They had one sister, Stella, who was in\nAuschwitz, and she survived. After the war . . . when the Germans came, one of\nthe boyfriends told her, he said, \"We ought to let you go ahead and I'll marry\nyou, so ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=211.0,241.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nyou won't be taken to prison.\" But she says, \"No, I can't leave my parents and\nmy uncle. She did survive and when she came back, she went to Italy . . . From\non there, she married. For some reason or another, she left there and moved to\nwhere her sister was living in Africa [in] Harare, [Zimbabwe]. She lived in Harare ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=241.0,271.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nwith her sister. She was the last surviving member of her family. She passed\naway about three or four years ago.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=271.0,280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SPECTOR: Your family immigrated . . . ?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=280.0,284.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BENATOR: Yes, my father . . . In 1909, a lot of the young men in Rhodes . . .\nNot everybody had a real future at all, in Rhodes. I think he was working as an apprentice ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=284.0,301.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nwith someone who repaired shoes. In 1909, he left. He borrowed $25 for the fare\nfor the cruise ship to come to the [United States]. He knew family here in\nAtlanta, [Georgia], so he came to Atlanta. He ended up then having a little ice\ncream cart to earn some money and send money back to pay for the $25. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=301.0,331.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nHe finally . . . had some experience in the [indistinct: 5.35]. He said, \"I've\ngot the [indistinct: 5.37] privileges.” He had [indistinct: 5.38] privileges for\n50 or 60 years . . . His mother and my mother, [Birdie's] mother, my sister . .\n. they said that they would get married. He came here in 1909. In 1916, he sent\nover for—I’ll ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=331.0,361.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nsay [his] wife-to-be—and they got married here. They had six children. We came\nup during the [Great] Depression in 1933. That's another story. My grandfather\non my mother's side, he planned on coming to the States. He ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=361.0,391.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nhad some kind of business on the Isle of Rhodes. It was just a little way from\ngoing to Italy, to take a ship to come to the States. He missed the last ship\nthat left Italy. He stayed with a family there in Italy who helped take care of\nhim. I think what happened was somewhere there was some [indistinct: 6.50\ndisease name], and he had [indistinct: 6.54 disease name] and he died from that.\nHis wife died also, within a year or so, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=391.0,421.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nthere in Italy. One of my cousins [who] had visited Italy had visited the\ngraveyard where they are buried at. There were people there who really were\nhappy to meet him and our family. They had people who stopped to talk to him and\nlet them know how much they appreciated what they did. That's on the other side.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=421.0,447.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SPECTOR: When your father brought over your to-be-mother, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=447.0,451.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nhe brought over other members of the family?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=451.0,456.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BENATOR: Yes, all of them. All of them in the family he brought over. It was\nRegina, Marie, and her brother Ezra. There were two other sisters who ended up\nin Africa. We have cousins who ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=456.0,481.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\n. . . our cousin is . . . in Cape Town [South Africa]. Her mother was part of\nthis family and she ended up [there] with her sister. She got a green card. She\nhad a daughter living in Arizona, so, she came to Arizona to live there with her\ndaughter. We've been in touch with her. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=481.0,511.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nThat's as far as the family goes there. My father's side, I think his parents\ndied earlier in Rhodes. He died before the Holocaust.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=511.0,532.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SPECTOR: Did your family bring any mementos with them from Rhodes ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=532.0,541.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\n. . . when they came to the States?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=541.0,552.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BENATOR: When they came here there was a Sephardic group in Atlanta. There were\nan older ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=552.0,571.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\ncouple that took care of all these younger guys, 18-year-olds, 19-year-olds.\nThey helped [them] get settled down and get established. My father sent over for\nhis wife-to-be and had a great marriage. We were fortunate that they left Rhodes\nbefore we got into ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=571.0,601.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nthe 1944 . . . even before 1944 there was a problem there. About half of the\npeople already had left Rhodes. Unfortunately, the ones who were left did not\nsurvive . . . There's one person that we know that we're in contact with that\nwas from Turkey. When they rounded all the Jews there she says, \"Oh I'm [from]\nTurkey.\" Therefore, somebody we know from Africa ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=601.0,631.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nthat got there . . . she was taken on a boat to Africa.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=631.0,638.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SPECTOR: When your parents got married, where in Atlanta did they live? Where\ndid you grow up?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=638.0,646.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BENATOR: I lived on the south side of town. I lived on Central Avenue and Pryor\nStreet. Central Avenue is where the synagogue was at. It was a two-story old ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=646.0,661.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nhouse, and we lived across the street from that house. We also had a house on\nPryor Street. During the Depression he couldn't keep both houses. We lived on\nCentral Avenue, and we were going to . . . Pryor Street and went to Georgia\nAvenue School. Then, we transferred to Formwalt School by the time we were in\nabout third or fourth grade. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=661.0,691.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nThat was the elementary school.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=691.0,694.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SPECTOR: Do you have memories of what it was like growing up on Central Avenue?\nWhat the community was like when you were growing up?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=694.0,707.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BENATOR: It was a very close community. The people of the Rhodes and some of the\nother people; there were connections of families, and if they weren't, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=707.0,721.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nthey were close friends. Our population was predominantly on Pryor Street and on\nCentral Avenue. Pryor Street ran about eight or ten blocks.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=721.0,750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BENATOR: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=750.0,751.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nThey were a very close community. They used to get together ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=751.0,781.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\non Sundays and play cards together. Little kids were all over the place and\ntheir parents over there. They were very close within the congregations. It was\nin 1933 when the Depression hit. It became very difficult. My father left fifty\ncents a day to feed a family of six. I never had a bicycle. We used to catch . .\n. the trolley car came right by Pryor Street, by my house. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=781.0,811.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nIt cost a nickel. It started, we were poor, but we didn't know it. The kids grew\nup real well. A good family foundation, no problem. There wasn't kids getting\ninto trouble. They're very warm natured, of all the people who live within the\nnext few blocks of eight or ten families that were members of our congregation.\nThe pressure was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=811.0,841.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nquite difficult. Father had two houses and he lost one of his houses. Then, he\nhad a mortgage on the other house. I remember going to pay the mortgage on one\nof the houses that they were left with. He kept going to his [indistinct: 14.20\npossibly prayer man], and he was [indistinct: 14.22 possibly prayer man] until\nhe passed away.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=841.0,870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SPECTOR: When ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=870.0,871.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nyou started school, where did you go to school?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=871.0,875.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BENATOR: I went to Georgia Avenue School around five [years old]. I remember\nthere, at Georgia Avenue, that the teacher had a switch in the corner. If you\ngot in trouble, she would hit you with the switch. In those days, if you came\nhome and told your parents that a teacher put a switch on us, then you got ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=875.0,901.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nswitched again. The respect for teachers in those days were . . . they were no\nmore in person. It was a good school. Then, we went to Formwalt [School], which\nis about five or six blocks further north. When we moved to Pryor Street . . . I\nguess the question [was], exactly where [we] lived at, where [we] went to\nschool. When we went to Central Avenue, we were closer to Formwalt. So, we\nstayed at Formwalt. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=901.0,931.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nI was a good student. I skipped three grades at Formwalt and Georgia Avenue . .\n. It was a very hard time, but [for] my parents, it was very hard for my dad.\nWe, as kids, didn't realize the real effects of the Depression.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=931.0,955.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SPECTOR: Did you have any non-Jewish friends when you were in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=955.0,961.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\n school?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=961.0,962.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BENATOR: No, I didn't have . . . at schools, but we didn't have any. We didn't\nhave any problems, not in school.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=962.0,977.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SPECTOR: You didn't have any problems? No antisemitism?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=977.0,982.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BENATOR: As a [Boy Scout of America], I remember that we used to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=982.0,991.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\n. . . We were on Pryor Street, and we used to walk to the [indistinct: 16.38],\nwalking home on Washington Street. I don't know if you're familiar with the\nbackground of that. There's a Scout hut, right there, on the property on\nWashington Street. We would walk, and sometimes the boys were ganging up on one\nof the younger Boy Scouts. We had that happen several times, but nothing as far\nas in the school, really. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=991.0,1021.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nMy father, though, that was a question from earlier . . . He remembered in 1915\nwas the . . . what's the name? The person who was . . . the Jewish person who\nwas a part of the [indistinct: 17.17 family name, possibly “Montag”] Family . .\n. in the [National Pencil Company] factory, he was accused of killing this lady\nat the plant . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=1021.0,1045.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SPECTOR: Leo Frank.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=1045.0,1046.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BENATOR: Leo Frank. When the Leo Frank murder was there, [my father] said there was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=1046.0,1051.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nvery much antisemitism. They used to just hide when the people coming around\nwere looking for people of Jewish faith. At that point, he had a very severe\neffect of the antisemitism. As a kid, we really didn't see too much of it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=1051.0,1075.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SPECTOR: How many brothers and sisters did you have?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=1075.0,1080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BENATOR: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=1080.0,1081.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nThree sisters and two brothers, which is six kids. Three boys, three girls. They\nwent to the same school I went to. There are only two of us left now. My sisters\nhave passed away. We have, within our family, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=1081.0,1111.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\ngenetics of 95. We have three in my family . . . had some sort of symptoms of\n[Parkinson's disease], somewhat. Fortunately, I'm the one that didn't have that\nproblem. Two brothers and one sister had the problem there. Otherwise . . . I'm\nthankful [indistinct: 18.57] we ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=1111.0,1141.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nstill have Iman.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=1141.0,1142.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SPECTOR: That's wonderful. Then, after elementary school you went on to high school?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=1142.0,1148.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BENATOR: Hoke Smith High School. I was on the accelerated route there. I\ngraduated in three years out of a normal four years. I was a good student. Every\nday we walked to school through the neighborhood. I remember we were walking\nthrough a neighborhood ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=1148.0,1170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nwhere a lot of colored families were at. I remember we would take peanut butter\njelly sandwiches for lunch to school. I remember my bar mitzvah. At that time,\nit used to be at home, and you would have all the family come there. I was\ndressed up and I always went to shul dressed up. The kids started teasing me, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=1170.0,1200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\n\"What are you doing all dressed up?\" You didn't dress up even in high school. It\nwas once something I had said to [indistinct: 20.08]. They said, \"They're just\nteasing you.\" I remember when I was young, I had scarlet fever. In those days,\nthey would come out to fumigate the house. They would seal the house up and\nfumigate the house. I'm not sure exactly what they thought they were doing on\nthat, but whatever. I remember that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=1200.0,1230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nthey came in, the health department, and sealed the house up. That was the only\nthing that I had really, [with] consequences towards health problems.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=1230.0,1241.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SPECTOR: Besides the scarlet fever, you didn't have any major health problems\nwhen you were a child growing up?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=1241.0,1249.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BENATOR: I don't see any of the effects of the scarlet fever, as far as I know.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=1249.0,1256.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SPECTOR: Very good. Then after Hoke Smith [High School], ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=1256.0,1260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nwhere did your path take you as far as school?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=1260.0,1264.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BENATOR: I went to . . . We kind of knew that we couldn't afford to go to\ncollege. I went to Commercial High School in the [indistinct: 21.21] Program,\ntyping . . . I worked for a gentleman that we know had a restaurant, so I worked\nfor there. I did that for a year. Then, I was possibly going to [Georgia State\nUniversity] and then ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=1264.0,1290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\n. . . I went ahead and applied at [Georgia Institute of Technology]. I was able\nto be accepted at Georgia Tech. It became very difficult to pay for tuition, so\nI raised a question to the staff at Tech. They have a program where the students\nwho needed help, I guess it's a government program, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=1290.0,1320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nwhere you could work with a teacher . . . I worked for the teachers for the\nyears after that at Tech. I graduated out of there, at Tech.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=1320.0,1336.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SPECTOR: What did you study when you were at [Georgia Tech]?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=1336.0,1342.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BENATOR: I was in Industrial Management. Accounting . . . planning, scheduling .\n. . In ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=1342.0,1351.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\n1943, my last year at Georgia Tech, normally you would go into . . . I was in\nthe [Reserve Officers' Training Corps (ROTC)], in the infantry at Georgia State.\nIn the summertime, you would go to a two-week camp. Then, when you graduated in\nDecember, you would be automatically a second lieutenant. But because you didn't\ngo to summer camp you had to go to an [Officer Candidate School (OCS)]. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=1351.0,1381.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nWe'll get to that. What do you want to talk about, OCS? What happened after\nthat? Since I was in the infantry group, they selected three or four people to .\n. . take the officers' training at Fort Knox [Kentucky] to see the armory. I was\nat the armory, at Fort Knox, for three months. At the end of three months, I\nbecame a second lieutenant. Then, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=1381.0,1411.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nI was assigned to the 10th Armored Division . . . at headquarters through that\nsummer there. I was transferred to the 10th Armored Division enemy tank platoon\nwith the 10th Armored Division. We've led training there in Camp Gordon in\nAugusta, Georgia. In 1924, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=1411.0,1441.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nwe were getting ready to transfer to head out to Europe. This was in September.\nD-Day was June 6th, but we were . . . The first ship landed directly into\nNormandy, [France]. We were disembarked there. We went out across France and had\nsome areas ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=1441.0,1471.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nthat we fought in. Then, we got into the Battle of the Bulge. I'll talk about that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=1471.0,1480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SPECTOR: Sure.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=1480.0,1481.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BENATOR: Okay, I will. We were in Luxembourg at a rest area. It was a December,\nvery cold weather. I'm thinking, \"It definitely wouldn't happen in the cold\nweather like that.\" The Germans decided that they would have a surprise breakthrough ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=1481.0,1502.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\n. . . that they would split the Allied Forces and the French Forces all the way\nto the harbor. The Allied Forces thought it was a fake and that it wasn't a real\npush, but it was not . . . it was a major push. They broke through in Ardennes,\nso we would move up to Bastogne [France]. We moved up two cities further north\nand we dropped back into Bastogne. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=1502.0,1532.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\n[Indistinct: 25.33] the leader units about tank units, and we found out that the\nGermans had surrounded Bastogne. We were there with the 10th Armored Division.\nThe [101st Airborne Division] had also been moved up into Bastogne. The Germans\ncame with a white flag. [General Anthony McAuliffe], with the 101st, met with them. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=1532.0,1562.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nThey thought that [the Germans] were going to surrender. The Germans said, \"No,\nyou are supposed to, you ought to surrender. If you don't surrender, we'll bat\nthe hell out of you!\" General McAuliffe told them, \"Nuts!\" The Germans didn't\nunderstand what ‘nuts’ meant. One of the liaison officers says, \"That means 'go\nto hell.'\" We did bomb Bastogne. We were in the rough part of Bastogne. We laid\nout in the foxhole, the freezing weather, snow all over the place, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=1562.0,1592.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nand foggy. Our liaison officer in the north part of Bastogne died in the\nshelling. One of the other [people was a person] who was from Atlanta, Georgia\nwith another unit. I remember I visited his grave there in a cemetery. Those\nwere the other parts of Bastogne that had a very heavy casualty. First, we had\nabout 30 injured soldiers [that] were bombed and people died. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=1592.0,1622.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nSince we were at a low point, we didn't get that. I did get frostbite while\nlaying down in the foxhole. It took me months to get over that. In later\nDecember, the weather cleared up and the Allied Forces were able to catch the\nGermans on the roads. They pushed the German Battlezone back. We left Bastogne.\nWe had a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=1622.0,1652.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\n. . . unit, there was an enemy up above us. We went up to meet with them and\ncontact them. [Indistinct: 27.41] shells start falling inside our general’s\nfoxhole and [indistinct: 27.46]. A shell hit right next to my foxhole, and I got\nshrapnel in my hand . . . as far as I'm concerned, it wasn't serious enough to\nwhere I had to be evacuated, but we did get [evacuated] later on. I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=1652.0,1682.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nwent back to one of the field units and they said, \"We'll have to evacuate you.\"\nI said, \"Oh, as soon as I get to go back to my unit.\" Somebody had drove me\nthere. They bound [the wound], I packed it up, and I head on back to my unit. A\ncouple of weeks later, again, we're going up into an attack position. We had a\nfoxhole and more shells started raining all around. I ended up being\nshell-shocked. And hearing, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=1682.0,1712.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\n[I have] problems with my ears. I was evacuated to the hospital. The next day, I\nsaw that three other men from my unit were brought on stretchers into where I\nwas at in the hospital. I don't know whether they had been shelled or what\nhappened to them, I didn't know the problem. I was at a hospital, a couple of\nhospitals. I came back and was reassigned to what you call a labor ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=1712.0,1742.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nsupervision company . . . One place had Italian soldiers who were supervised and\nthe last was Polish soldiers that were supervised. I was, in fact, kept there\nfor a year or so. In April of 1946 . . . we had to build up another ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=1742.0,1772.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nunit. They could use a [indistinct: 29.32] . . . I was telling them that I was\nstarting to get . . . a setup where I would be able to help in Germany, go to\nthe [United] States, and be discharged. We did that, and I watched the 46th\n[Infantry Division]. After that, I came home. I went out ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=1772.0,1802.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nwhen I got back here; I was looking for a job. It was just like [it was] five or\nsix years ago. During the Depression, it was very hard to find a job. I finally\nfound a job with a pen and pencil manufacturing company, Scripto. I got started\nat $50 a week. I worked for them from 1946, 1947 to . . . 1969. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=1802.0,1832.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nIn 1969, I went to another company: Rayloc Division of Junior Parts, automotive\nparts, remanufacturing. I did 22 and a half years at Scripto and 22 and a half\nyears at Rayloc and I retired . . . I was 69 when I retired from there. With\nRayloc, the writing company, I did real well there. I was still an active Scout\nleader and I stayed active. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=1832.0,1862.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nI can . . . seven days a week, I'm doing everything that I do. That might be the\nreason I'm still able to get around and the mind is still there. I'm fortunate\nthat I am, and my wife, anyone, is still able to cook and take care of the house\n[indistinct: 31.19 possibly person's name \"drives us\"]. I don't drive. Three\nyears ago, I passed out and 9-1-1 [was called] and go to the hospital. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=1862.0,1892.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nThey didn't know why I passed out. I said, “ . . . I might pass out again.\" So,\nthey stopped me from driving. We have some lady who comes here. She's a\nhousekeeper and she comes with us . . . We make sure there's one way or another\nto get around.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=1892.0,1915.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SPECTOR: Let's circle back to when you joined the Boy Scouts [of America]. How\nold were you ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=1915.0,1922.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nwhen you started with the Boy Scouts?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=1922.0,1926.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BENATOR: At that time, to join the Boy Scouts you had to be 12. I was 12. I\njoined the Boy Scouts out of the Shearith Israel Synagogue, [which] had Troop 52\ndown on Washington Street. They were beside a kosher market . . . We went from\nthere; we were able to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=1926.0,1953.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\n. . . I haven't checked my dates . . . Troop 53 was there where the [indistinct:\n32.39] were. I don't know where it was before, the [indistinct: 32.41 possibly\n\"office hall\"], but there must have been a building that was there. I'm not sure\nwhat it was before that, but we used to meet there at the hut. Both of our Scout\nleaders were teenagers, 18, 19, 20 [years old] . . . They had the Scouts there. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=1953.0,1983.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nThen, in 1949 it fell apart. In 1950, [indistinct: 33.05 possibly person's\nname], who had a haberdashery store. He went to [indistinct: 33.13], the\nShearith Israel. He called me. He knew I'd been a Scoutie. He wanted me to be\nScout Master. I told him I'm not a member of Shearith Israel. I says, \"I'll be\nAssistant Scout Master and you be Scout Master, and the next year I'll be Scout\nMaster.\" So, we did. We went back to Shearith Israel. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=1983.0,2013.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nWe started a troop there . . . We worked along. We had boys from the\nneighborhood. We have two of the boys, brothers . . . two friends with each\nother. Rabbi David Geffen, he was a rabbi. Both of them . . . he made aliyah in\nIsrael about 30 years ago, I believe. A friend of his was [Rabbi Alvin M.\nSugarman] at The Temple . . . I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=2013.0,2043.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nhave pictures of those two together [indistinct: 34.01]. We still keep in touch,\nRabbi Sugarman . . . and I. We're much older, but we're concerned about his\nhealth . . . [indistinct: 34.10] that he is still here. He had cancer. When we\nhad the [Robert Ross Johnson Humanitarian Award Ceremony] with the Buckhead,\n[Georgia] [Rotary International Club], he was there. There's a picture of him\nand he . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=2043.0,2073.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BENATOR: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=2073.0,2073.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\n. . . When I joined the Boy Scouts, I couldn't afford to buy a uniform. This\ngentleman who worked at the Hirsch Brothers . . . they had a Scout [uniform]\nthere . . . It worked out that I got the uniform. I paid $0.25 a week to help\npay for the uniform. He's the same gentleman who, in 1950, started the troop at\nShearith Israel ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=2073.0,2103.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\n. . . We started in Shearith Israel in 1958 [indistinct: 35.08]. We had 50 boys\nthat were Jewish make [Eagle Scout]. Three of the last ones were Christians. We\nnow consider ourselves a Jewish troop. We would go camping. We had a person that\nkept kosher. We didn't meet on holidays. It's probably one of the reasons why ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=2103.0,2133.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\n. . . the boy who was Christian, when he came to the troop he didn't feel at\nhome. But these boys . . . needed other boys, so they stayed with the troop. We\nwere delighted over that. They became Eagle Scouts. I have two of my new boys, a\nbrother . . . two of the boys who are Christian, who made Eagle. They joined our\ntroop in the last two or three months. That's really remarkable. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=2133.0,2163.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nThe brothers say, \"Hey, we're going to Troop 53. Maybe we might become an\nEagle.\" All the years it takes to become an Eagle . . . It could take me five or\nsix years working with boys [to be] moved up in advancement. I've got to be 100,\n101 [years old] to be able to be here still to have the boys become Eagle!\nThat's how . . . we're still here. It takes a lot of work. I still keep busy. As\na matter of fact, I woke up this morning early. I got up and I've done some work\n[for the] troop and the boys. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=2163.0,2193.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nI'm delighted and I'm thankful that I still am allowed to keep my mind. It all\nstarts to go . . . your body can go, as long as you keep the mind. My body is\nstill there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=2193.0,2212.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SPECTOR: What were some of your favorite experiences when you were a young Boy Scout?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=2212.0,2220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BENATOR: It was the first time ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=2220.0,2223.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\na Troop at the Shearith Israel . . . I remember I used to play \"buckity buck.\"\nEverybody would sit on their back, and everybody would jump on the boy's back .\n. . [indistinct: 37.08]. That's what we did there. We didn't really go camping\nper se because none of the fathers were involved. Now, these were all . . . one\nat Shearith Israel and one person was an adult. We moved to the next room. There\nwere teenagers, 18, 19, and 20 ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=2223.0,2253.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\n[years old] . . . at least. We used to go to Stone Mountain. We'd catch a\ntrolley car and go to Stone Mountain, or we would take the trolley car to go to\nthe Chattahoochee River to hike up the Chattahoochee River. The kids would take\nus there. We didn't have any car there. That was the way that we went with them\n. . . I watched my boys grow up and they asked me [indistinct: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=2253.0,2283.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\n37.59] . . . They still call me the Scout Master. They still have this great\nrespect for me. I'm delighted over that. I felt that we had started and made\nthat much of a difference to him, that he felt that way. His brothers were\nscouts in my troop. All the boys on Central Avenue and Pryor Street were Scouts\n. . . Same with most of the families who had a rough time, but there was still\nreal wealthy kids. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=2283.0,2313.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nSPECTOR: When you would go up to Stone Mountain as a Boy Scout did you ever\nencounter any of the Ku Klux Klan?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=2313.0,2324.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BENATOR: No . . . I think the Ku Klux Klan . . . I'm not sure when it really\nstopped being that active. The Ku Klux Klan were there, still about. They used\nto have the cross burnings. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=2324.0,2343.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nBut we, as kids, were not involved in . . . The mountain is famous for the Ku\nKlux Klan, but as boys we didn't know. We had hiked the mountain and we never\nsaw anybody there, like the Ku Klux Klan. Just like in the City of Decatur, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=2343.0,2373.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\n[Georgia], there are predominantly Christian churches. The stores didn't open up\non Sunday. It was only 20 years ago where they started opening up during the\nweekends, on Sunday. The City of Decatur was predominantly a Christian city, but\nwe lived in a bigger city, the City of Atlanta. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=2373.0,2403.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nI remember one thing. [In] the Boy Scouts [indistinct: 40.07], I earned my merit\nbadges. In 1943, when I went into the service, I finished up the badges. I had\nto go to the Board Review. When I finished OCS three months later, I came back.\nIt was inside the court building and had the board review there. My Eagle was\n[earned] in 1943. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=2403.0,2433.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nI went back to the service and military then.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=2433.0,2438.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SPECTOR: Were you or any of your Scouts ever involved with the Civil Rights Movement?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=2438.0,2446.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BENATOR: No, we had nothing [to do with it] . . . We didn't know . . . I would\nsay we observed the Civil Rights problems. We observed how blacks were treated ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=2446.0,2463.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\n. . . Other days, I don't remember that part, but the blacks came to the\nrestaurants and sat down to be served. They couldn't eat there. I was very\nactive in the credit unions. We had a credit union meeting in one of the small\ntowns in Georgia. One of the credit unions had \"No Black Persons\" on the door\nand . . . he was not allowed to be at the hotel. As I see ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=2463.0,2493.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nit here, we were Jewish people. We were brought up to look at blacks as being\ninferior. We came from the Isle of Rhodes here. We got people [here] who went\n100 years back when there was slavery. We got out of that part of where we were\nconcerned, in regards to . . . [Rabbi Jacob Rothschild] from The Temple was\nquite involved, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=2493.0,2523.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nwhich if you remember, The Temple was bombed . . . He was quite outspoken in\nspeaking up for Civil Rights. As we observed, as the other person, not\nnecessarily as much so. When we were much older, we realized that back in 1950\nit was very difficult. They couldn't eat in restaurants and stay in hotels. The\nway blacks were treated . . . Maybe, because the people who were brought up, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=2523.0,2553.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nthey elected people who had slaves in their families, and they were brought up\nthat way. For the rest of us, we never were brought up [that way]. We never felt\nthat black was inferior. As [young] boys, we were not involved with that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=2553.0,2575.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SPECTOR: I know that you've been married for 70 years. Tell me a little bit\nabout your ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=2575.0,2583.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nfamily, your children, grandchildren.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=2583.0,2586.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BENATOR: . . . My brother . . . went to work for the telephone company and the\nother brother was a [Certified Public Accountant]. My sisters . . . one of them,\nher husband Sol ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=2586.0,2613.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\n. . . It had been Sol hired [her] for the beauty parlor. She usually helped take\ncare of all the paperwork. They had two kids. The other sister was married,\nshe's living in the Boston, [Massachusetts] area. She didn't work, she had five\nkids. The other [sister] had two kids and she's also ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=2613.0,2643.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nin the Boston area. The older sister and the younger sister have both passed\naway. As far as my children, we have seven kids. The oldest son went to Georgia\nTech [for] biology. He was at MCG [Medical College of Georgia] for his\ndoctorate. Unfortunately, in his third year, he was on a trip, and he had an\naccident. He died in that accident ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=2643.0,2673.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\n. . . My one son is at [indistinct: 44.35 university name] Technology and has a\nposition there. My daughters, except for [the one] in Maryland—she’s a doctor in\ninfectious disease . . . [I have] a daughter in Salt Lake City, [Utah]. She is\nan ophthalmologist, a doctor. The other daughter in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=2673.0,2703.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nCalifornia got a PhD she was in. We have one of the boys who had become\ndisabled. He’s physically abled, but he has about a fourth or fifth grade . . .\nBecause of that, both . . . My older daughter took a music major; this was with\ndisability people. My middle daughter, she did a Ph.D. on working with disabled people. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=2703.0,2733.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nOur grandchildren, we have 13 grandchildren . . . My son who died in an\naccident, he was married, but he didn't have any children. We kept [his wife] in\nour family, and we brought her to all the various activities. When she\nremarried, we went to the wedding.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=2733.0,2760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SPECTOR: Yes, I'm going to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=2760.0,2763.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nreintroduce myself, since we just changed the disc and the tape. I am Deborah\nSpector, and I am a volunteer with the Taylor Oral History Project. I am here\ntoday with you, Josiah Benator, on July 13th, 2017, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=2763.0,2793.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nat your home, 1415 La Chona Drive.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=2793.0,2798.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BENATOR: Court.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=2798.0,2799.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SPECTOR: [On La Chona] Court, thank you. Again, I want to thank you for agreeing\nto participate in this project. Now, if you will, please continue your\nfascinating story. You were talking about your grandchildren.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=2799.0,2822.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BENATOR: Yes ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=2822.0,2823.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\n. . . We have 13 grandchildren. My oldest daughter, her daughter graduated from\nUniversity of [indistinct: 47.13 university name] Medical School and she's now a\nresident in surgery at Tulane University. Her brother doesn't live too far away\nfrom here. He graduated from Emory [University]. He's a lawyer. My ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=2823.0,2853.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\ndaughter in California . . . is married and she's a housewife. She has one kid\nand she's expecting [another] in two or three months. Her brother is working\nwith a firm . . . he supervises companies all over the United States and even\ninto Hawaii. Debra ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=2853.0,2883.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nhas three kids. The boy is with Pratt \u0026amp; Whitney as an aerospace engineer.\nThey have a daughter who works with a company that helps wineries and\n[breweries] where they are saving the water. They have [indistinct: 48.25] that\nthey take to those companies. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=2883.0,2913.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nIt takes so many gallons to make one gallon of wine. That's what she does there.\nHer sister is going to George Washington University and she's also an acrobat.\nShe teaches kids acrobatics, and she goes out to a trapeze over there. She had a\nprogram where she taught kids to do the trapeze. She said a crowd were packed up\nthere. She was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=2913.0,2943.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\ntalking about wanting to go to medical school, but she also wants to continue\nworking with acrobatics. She's talking about being a physician. The two children\nwhose mother was married to my son who died, the son is at ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=2943.0,2973.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nUniversity of Indiana. He's taking Japanese and some other courses. He just knew\nsomebody who was Japanese, and for some reason or another he [wants to] take\nJapanese. I'm not sure exactly how he's going to do that. His sister is a\nlibrarian . . . she's in graphic arts . . . We're quite a family, we are a\nremarkable family. I told my kids we're not a normal family. Kids get together,\nthey love each other. They ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=2973.0,3003.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\ncome here for occasions, Thanksgiving. They get back and forth together, the\ndaughters get together. When my wife had our [indistinct: 50.08 number]\nAnniversary, they got together and had songs they made up. We had a big fire.\nIt's just a super bunch of kids. [They] says, \"What did you do right?\" I said,\n\"In the first place, we're from a disciplined troop.” We taught our kids that\nwe're disciplined. We were out at a friend's, with their parents, and we didn't\nknow—I had an ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=3003.0,3033.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nuncle who says, \"Don't call me by my first name.\" He would get real mad if you\ndid. We were at his parents’. We started with the first one and all of us said,\n“She did real well.” Everybody had to do as well as she did. We [indistinct:\n50.43]. It's a remarkable family. I have a devoted wife who always puts up with\neverything I do. I have a story, though. I couldn't do it unless she gave me\nsupport, that's for sure . . . I'm also a poet, I write poems for my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=3033.0,3063.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nwife. Four times a year I write a poem for her. I've said that . . . when I was\nat an occasion like the [Rotary Club Awards Ceremony] . . . I tell them, I says,\n\"I'm not the real true honoree; my wife, who sits by my side, is the one who is,\nreally.\" . . . I'm delighted that there are years that we ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=3063.0,3093.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nstill find that she is in good health. I know tomorrow something could happen,\nand I recognize that. We're taking care of ourselves. We're fortunate that we\nhave . . . Lately, this article in the paper I got to be heard from different\npeople like [Quilts of Valor Foundation]. [Indistinct: 51.51 Organization/School\nname] called, Georgia Tech called. I'm not a special person, I'm not [indistinct: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=3093.0,3123.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\n51.59]. I know there are not too many families that have children that came out\nthat well. I know in California; they have a lot of problems with drugs. They\nhave a lot of family problems, the grandparents are taking care of the kids.\nSomehow, though, we don't seem to have that environment here in the Atlanta\narea, although there are some opiates. People have had some problems with kids on ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=3123.0,3153.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nmedicines that they were taking . . . We all come here. I know that we even have\nsome . . . many, many people from the Holocaust . . . Was Abelson . . . from the\n[Jewish Federation of Greater Atlanta]? He came and talked to me a few months\nago . . . I don't know, he just heard about me, and he just wanted to talk to\nme. He didn't make an interview or anything, he was just talking. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=3153.0,3183.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nI don't know what he was talking about. I did make a nice donation to the\nFederation, and I can maybe sometimes talk to people about if maybe they wanted\nto donate more money. He didn't ask me to donate more money, but figured I'd put\nin the work.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=3183.0,3205.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SPECTOR: You mentioned that you stay very busy. I understand that you have\nfamily all over the world ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=3205.0,3213.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nthat you stay in touch with.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=3213.0,3216.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BENATOR: I'm going to tell a story. My daughter and her husband—my daughter in\ninfectious disease—she had traveled quite a bit. She was in Europe and France. I\ngave her the name of a cousin there and she met with them. Then his uncle came\ndown and met with them. What happened was, my cousin and my grandma in Alabama ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=3216.0,3243.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nand [indistinct: 54.00] . . . She got together and got a book with a history of\nthe [indistinct: 54.05 family name] family. She had all the addresses of\neverybody. At that point, that's when I was able to get the addresses of the\npeople in Belgium, Paris, [France], Switzerland, and Africa. My daughter never\nwent to Africa to visit. That's my daughter from California, she got three of\nthe family members that she had [gotten in] touch with them. When my\n[granddaughter] was going ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=3243.0,3273.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\non Birthright . . . she also had a plan that she'd be getting in touch with her\nfamily there in Israel. It's because of my cousins and my grandma who put out\nthe book, that we had been able to get in touch with people that previously we\nwere not able to. Concerning . . . my wife's side of the family, they're in\nIsrael. We never had that opportunity to do like we did here, that we know who\nthey are. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=3273.0,3303.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nSPECTOR: Is there anything else that you would like to share with us as\nthoughts, inspiration before we end the interview?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=3303.0,3316.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BENATOR: I just had the person who . . . [indistinct: 55.25 possibly club name\nand activity] with them all the time. That's just the way I am. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=3316.0,3333.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nI don't ask people, say, \"Hey, this is your week . . . \" That's not my reason .\n. . I enjoy it. I've got an email. If I say to two or three people, \"I'm good\nhere,\" then they come back and tell you, \"I'm glad you wrote the email.\" I keep\nup with what's going on in the county because of my grand jury work, so I keep\npeople informed of what's happening in the county. The Boy Scouts, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=3333.0,3363.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nI've been there . . . It'll be 70 years [total] in January and 40 years as\nAssistant Scout Master. It takes a lot of time. I watched the boys grow up. I\njust have so many of them that come back [and tell me], \"I always felt bad with\nmy kids.\" I tell them, \"How many times do you go back to the teacher and tell\nthem how much y'all appreciate what she did?\" ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=3363.0,3393.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nVery few people go back. Teachers who are dedicated. What I have is, my kids\ncome back to me. They come back and tell me, of course, I'm their [Scout\nMaster]. He was there talking about how he hired to work with the merit badges,\nand he did a good job of it. He said to me, \"No, that's not good enough.\" He\nsaid so; the respect that he has for me and other people there. I'm delighted ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=3393.0,3423.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nthat I'm still able to, at 95, and I'm 96. I haven't talked about Rabbi yet, but\nat 96, it'll be my [second] bar mitzvah, 70 + 13 + 13. He didn't remember what I\nwas talking about, \"A second bar mitzvah?\" Next month in August will be our 70th\nwedding anniversary. Our kids are coming into town for the 70th anniversary.\nIt's a lot of activities. We pray, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=3423.0,3453.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nnow, that we stay and get healthy. We keep up and stay for the children. We know\nthat life is limited. We're blessed and we really appreciate it. We enjoy it.\nThey all get to come and have a program here to interview citizens [indistinct:\n57.46] and I'm a special citizen, I'm 95 . . . we lived 92 years in Atlanta and\nthree and a half years in the Army, so who knows what it was. We went back to\nPryor Street in The Depression. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=3453.0,3483.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nSPECTOR: You have touched a lot of people and in sharing your story and in\nsharing your insights, you will continue to touch even more. I cannot thank you\nenough for sharing your story with us through the Taylor Oral History Project ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=3483.0,3513.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nthat is at the Bremen Museum. I want to personally thank you for sharing this\ntime, opening your home to us, and giving us the opportunity to get to know you\nand to learn from you today. Thank you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=3513.0,3534.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BENATOR: I'm delighted. I'm glad that you're a volunteer. I'm glad that you\nactually take your time. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=3534.0,3543.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nObviously, you have to give people their history, advance their stories. I'm\nglad that you were here to take the video and be able to share our experiences\nwith other people who might not have had the opportunity to be here all these\nyears. Just like the ladies who brought the Quilt of Valor . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=3543.0,3563.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BENATOR: They talk about . . . [thank me for my] time. I says, \"I'm thanking you\nfor coming.\" I says, \"I'm thanking the lady who made the quilt.\" ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=3563.0,3573.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nThey let her know how much we appreciated that. We're delighted to have y'all\nhere. So, we say, \"Maybe he can hit 100 [years old] and maybe we can talk again?\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=3573.0,3598.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BENATOR: One of the Boy Scouts, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=3598.0,3603.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nhe's a doctor at the University of South Carolina. Matter of fact, he's the . .\n. Two of the boys I've written letters, and both of them were sent to Houston,\nTexas. Two weeks ago, I got a call from the third brother, all three of them\nEagle Scouts. He asked me to write a letter of recommendation for him. I sat\ndown—and this is going back over 10 or 12 years—I looked at my records and\nfinally got all my paperwork. I finally wrote a letter and sent it back to him.\nHis father ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=3603.0,3633.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nsays, “He wrote me back.” His father is a doctor, he's a gastroenterologist, and\nhis mother is a dentist. She told her husband, \"I'm not going to give up my\ndentistry [to raise the kids].\" She did. She gave up her dentistry and raised\nfour kids. She had three boys and a girl. The girl would have made Eagle if\n[Girl Scouts of the USA] had been [like] Boy Scouts. She would've made Eagle,\nlike her three brothers did. I have a picture here of the three boys together\nwith me. I'm like this here and they're like this here . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=3633.0,3661.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BENATOR: One thing I have for my boys ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=3661.0,3663.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nwhen they grow up, I'm always shrinking! I'm five feet and they go up six feet,\nsix feet [two inches]. It's always remarkable to me when I take pictures and I'm\nlooking up at them. The boy who was at Vietnam, he was reluctant. He didn't like\nhis [indistinct: 1.01.15] very much. He wouldn't tell me the full story, but he\ndid say . . . He told me to be prepared. He came back in a body cast. He kept\ntelling me about being prepared. I said ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=3663.0,3693.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\n[earlier], and I can't remember the full story . . . What he learned in Scouting\nsaved his life in Vietnam. You can't beat that. I don't need to, I don't . . .\nmedals, the awards . . . I get all these awards here, fine. I'm glad my family\nknows about it, my wife. She keeps getting appreciation by the time she\n[indistinct: 1.01.44] me away and backing me up and supporting me. At least she\nknows that there are some people who appreciate the time she’s spent in helping\nthe community. We're glad that y'all are here and appreciate what y'all are\ndoing, getting the history ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=3693.0,3723.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/transcript/66885/annotation/182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nof the people here. It's very . . . especially with the holocaust people. We\nunderstand that. Thank you and [we] appreciate you being here. I know you called\nsome of the people who lived across the street from me back on Pryor Street 80\nyears ago . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=3723.0,3753.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/annotation_set/1322","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Annotations [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/annotation_set/1322/annotation/183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDeborah Spector is an interviewer and volunteer for the Esther and Herbert Taylor Oral History Project of Atlanta at the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum in Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=5.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/annotation_set/1322/annotation/184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAs stated on the Breman Museum’s webpage for the collection overview abstract of the Esther and Taylor Herbert Oral History Project of Atlanta, “The Esther and Herbert Taylor Oral History Collection, housed in the Ida Pearle and Joseph Cuba Archives for Southern Jewish History at the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum, consists of more than 1,000 interviews that document Jewish life in Georgia and Alabama. The collection originated in the 1970s due to an oral history project conducted by the Atlanta Jewish Federation and the Atlanta chapters of the National Council of Jewish Women and the American Jewish Committee. It has since grown to include a multitude of additional oral history projects spanning topics related to Atlanta Jewish history, Georgia Jewish history, Alabama Jewish history, and Holocaust history.”\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=5.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/annotation_set/1322/annotation/185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJosiah Benator (b. 1922) has been an active Scout leader in Atlanta, for more than 70 years. He was recognized as one of the six national “Elders of Wisdom” by AARP (American Association of Retired Persons). Benator grew up on the south side of Atlanta and joined the Boy Scout troop at Shearith Israel on Washington Street led by Rabbi Tobias Geffen. He entered Georgia Tech in 1939, and took his first leadership step, as assistant scoutmaster of Troop 27 at the Jewish Educational Alliance, that same year. When Troop 27 lost its charter, a new troop, 73, was founded in 1950, sponsored jointly by Benator's Or VeShalom Synagogue and the Shearith Israel congregation. This is the troop he has headed for more than 60 years. After fighting with the 10th Army Division in World War II, he returned to Atlanta to work with Scripto, then retired from Rayloc. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/annotation_set/1322/annotation/186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum in Atlanta celebrates and commemorates Jewish history, culture, and art through events and museum spaces. The Breman also contains the Cuba Family Archives for Southern Jewish History, which houses thousands of manuscripts, oral histories, and photograph collections, related to southern Jewish history and the Holocaust.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/annotation_set/1322/annotation/187","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRhodes is a Greek island in the Aegean Sea, off the southwest coast of Turkey. It is the largest island of the Dodecanese archipelago and serves as the capital of the Greek Islands.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=121.0,151.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/annotation_set/1322/annotation/188","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCatholic monarchs Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I of Castile established the Tribunal of the Holy Office of the Inquisition, commonly known as the “Spanish Inquisition,” in 1478. It was originally intended to ensure the orthodoxy of those who converted to Catholicism from Judaism and Islam. Those Jews who converted were called conversos (converts), and were regarded with deep suspicion by the tribunal. Eventually, all Jews who refused to convert were totally expelled from Spain in 1492. The figures vary dramatically from 800,000 to more modern figures of 40,000 (with about 40,000 Jews converting to avoid expulsion). The Jews immigrated first to Portugal (which in turn expelled them in 1497), and then to North Africa. Some went to Italy, Greece, and other places in Europe. These became the “Sephardim.” The conversos who remained in Spain were heavily persecuted, and, if accused and convicted of being a “crypto-Jew,” were often burned at the stake. Other minorities suffered as well.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=121.0,151.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/annotation_set/1322/annotation/189","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWorld War II (abbreviated WWII or WW2) was a global war involving fighting in most of the world and most countries. Most countries fought in the years 1939–1945 but some started fighting in 1937. Most of the world's countries, including all the great powers, fought as part of two military alliances: the Allies and the Axis Powers. World War II was the largest and deadliest conflict in all of history. It involved more countries, cost more money, involved more people, and killed more people than any other war in history. Between 50 to 85 million people died. The majority were civilians. It included massacres, the deliberate genocide of the Holocaust, strategic bombing, starvation, disease, and the only use of nuclear weapons against civilians in history.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=151.0,181.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/annotation_set/1322/annotation/190","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Italian Campaign or the Liberation of Italy was fought from July 1943-May 1945. The Allied Forces invaded Sicily in July 1943, which lead to the collapse of Mussolini’s Fascist government. By September 1943 invaded the Italian mainland. German forces took over northern and central Italy. German paratroopers rescued Mussolini and established a puppet state (the Italian Social Republic) to oversee the German held territory. The fighting continued for the next two years with much of the battles between the Germans and the Allies occurring in the mountainous regions. The fighting continued until May 1945 when the Germans in Italy finally surrendered shortly after the fall of Berlin.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=151.0,181.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/annotation_set/1322/annotation/191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAlthough Rhodes was part of Italy during World War II, the 2,000 Jews on the Island were relatively safe until Germans occupied the island in September 1943. On July 20, 1944, the Jews of Rhodes and the neighboring island of Kos were sent by boat to the Greek mainland and eventually deported by train to Auschwitz-Birkenau. Only 151 Jews from Rhodes survived the Holocaust.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=181.0,211.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/annotation_set/1322/annotation/192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAuschwitz-Birkenau was a network of camps built and operated by Germany just outside the Polish town of Oswiecem (renamed “Auschwitz” by the Germans) in Polish areas annexed by Germany during World War II. Auschwitz was a complex of camps: the Main Camp (Auschwitz I), Auschwitz-Birkenau (Auschwitz II) and Monowitz (Auschwitz III). Many smaller sub-camps were attached to the complex, which drew their labor from the Main Camp and Auschwitz-Birkenau. It is estimated that the SS and police deported at a minimum 1.3 million people (approximately 1.1 million of which were Jews) to the Auschwitz-Birkenau complex between 1940 and 1945. Camp authorities murdered 1.1 million of these prisoners. Auschwitz II, also known as Birkenau, was about 2-1/2 miles away from the main camp. It had the largest total prisoner population. This is the camp with the big brick gate and the railroad tracks leading to the ramp and where the four gas chambers and crematoria came to be located. The Monowitz camp also known as Auschwitz III or Buna, was about 4 miles east of the Auschwitz Main Camp. It was a complex built to house slave laborers for the German chemical firm IG Farben.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=181.0,211.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/annotation_set/1322/annotation/193","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Isle of Rhodes was part of Italy until the Germans occupied the island in September 1943. Under the Italians there were no deportations. By the end of 1944 there were some 2,000 Jews left in Rhodes. On July 18, 1944 (less than three months before the Germans were forced out of Rhodes and Greece), they rounded up the males Jews of Rhodes, telling them that they were going to be resettled for work. The women and children were rounded up the next day. Instead of going to work, they were all put on three freighters on July 21, 1944. The voyage to Athens, Greece took 10 days (a normal trip took one to two days) as they stopped at many islands, including Kos, where more Jews were picked up, during which time many had died from the terrible conditions. Once in Greece, the Rhodeslis went sent to the Haidara concentration camp near Athens, where they were held for several days until they were put in cattle cars for the overland trip to Auschwitz-Birkenau in Poland. This trip, too, was a nightmare crossing Greece, Albania, Croatia, Hungary and finally Poland. It took 13 days, and more Jews died. Upon arrival at Auschwitz-Birkenau, 1,202 Rhodeslis were murdered in the gas chambers; 346 men and 254 women were saved to work in the camp. As the Russians drew near Auschwitz-Birkenau, the surviving Rhodeslis were among those marched out of the camp on foot and ended up scattered throughout labor camps in Germany. In total only about 150 Rhodeslis survived the war.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=181.0,211.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/annotation_set/1322/annotation/194","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Isle of Rhodes was part of Italy until the Germans occupied the island in September 1943. Under the Italians there were no deportations. By the end of 1944 there were some 2,000 Jews left in Rhodes. On July 18, 1944 (less than three months before the Germans were forced out of Rhodes and Greece), they rounded up the males Jews of Rhodes, telling them that they were going to be resettled for work. The women and children were rounded up the next day. Instead of going to work, they were all put on three freighters on July 21, 1944. The voyage to Athens, Greece took 10 days (a normal trip took one to two days) as they stopped at many islands, including Kos, where more Jews were picked up, during which time many had died from the terrible conditions. Once in Greece, the Rhodeslis went sent to the Haidara concentration camp near Athens, where they were held for several days until they were put in cattle cars for the overland trip to Auschwitz-Birkenau in Poland. This trip, too, was a nightmare crossing Greece, Albania, Croatia, Hungary and finally Poland. It took 13 days, and more Jews died. Upon arrival at Auschwitz-Birkenau, 1,202 Rhodeslis were murdered in the gas chambers; 346 men and 254 women were saved to work in the camp. As the Russians drew near Auschwitz-Birkenau, the surviving Rhodeslis were among those marched out of the camp on foot and ended up scattered throughout labor camps in Germany. In total only about 150 Rhodeslis survived the war.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=241.0,271.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/annotation_set/1322/annotation/195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAtlanta, Georgia is the capital and largest city in the state of Georgia. During the American Civil War, it was a strategically important city for the Confederacy until it was captured in 1864. The city was almost entirely burnt to the ground during General William Sherman’s March to the Sea. After the war, the city rebounded and became a national industrial center.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=301.0,331.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/annotation_set/1322/annotation/196","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e“Birdie” Benveniste Benator (1925-2023) was born the first daughter of four to Rachel Amin and Isaac Benveniste in Atlanta, Georgia. They were members of Or VeShalom. She married her husband, Josiah Benator, and had seven children. She was involved in her community and supported her husband’s community work as well.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=331.0,361.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/annotation_set/1322/annotation/197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Great Depression is the term used for a severe economic recession that began in the United States in 1929. It had far-reaching effects around the globe, especially in Europe. Germany had weathered a period of intense inflation in the 1920s due to reparations required after World War I. To pay the reparations, Germany had borrowed millions of dollars from the United States. American demands for loan repayment had disastrous repercussion on the already fragile German economy. With banks failing and unemployment rising, an angry, frightened and financially struggling populace became more open to fascism. Germany’s deteriorating economic conditions in the 1930s led in part to the rise of Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=361.0,391.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/annotation_set/1322/annotation/198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCape Town is a vital port, the oldest city, and capital of South Africa.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=481.0,511.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/annotation_set/1322/annotation/199","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIn the years immediately following World War II, survivors typically referred to the systematic state-sponsored killing of Jews as Sho’ah [Hebrew: catastrophe] or Hurban [Yiddish and Hebrew: destruction]. Scholars and writers popularized the term holocaust [from the Greek word holokauston, which is a translation of the Hebrew word olah, meaning a burnt sacrifice offered to G-d] in the 1960s and by the late 1970s, it had become widely used.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=511.0,532.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/annotation_set/1322/annotation/200","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSephardic Jews are the Jews of Spain, Portugal, North Africa, and the Middle East, and their descendants. The adjective “Sephardic” and corresponding nouns Sephardi (singular) and Sephardim (plural) are derived from the Hebrew word Sepharad, which refers to Spain. Historically, the vernacular language of Sephardic Jews was Ladino, a Romance language derived from Old Spanish, incorporating elements from the old Romance languages of the Iberian Peninsula, Hebrew, Aramaic, and in the lands receiving those who were exiled, Ottoman Turkish, Arabic, Greek, Bulgarian, and Serbo-Croatian vocabulary.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=552.0,571.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/annotation_set/1322/annotation/201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGeorgia Avenue School was an elementary school on 42 W. Georgia Avenue in Atlanta, Georgia. It operated from 1910-1961.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=661.0,691.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/annotation_set/1322/annotation/202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFormwalt School was an elementary school located on Formwalt Street just southwest of downtown Atlanta. The school and street were named for Moses W. Formwalt (1820-1852), the first mayor of the city of Atlanta.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=661.0,691.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/annotation_set/1322/annotation/203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA switch is a weapon used for corporal punishment. It is made of a thin tree branch and used to beat or whip the victim. Often, making the switch before their beating is part of the punishment.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=875.0,901.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/annotation_set/1322/annotation/204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAntisemitism is prejudice against, hostility to, or hatred of Jews.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=977.0,982.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/annotation_set/1322/annotation/205","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Boy Scouts of America (BSA, colloquially the Boy Scouts) is the largest scouting organization and one of the largest youth organizations in the United States, with about 2.3 million youth participants and about one million adult volunteers. The BSA was founded in 1910, and since then, about 110 million Americans participated in BSA programs at some time in their lives. BSA is part of the international Scout Movement and became a founding member organization of the World Organization of the Scout Movement in 1922.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=982.0,991.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/annotation_set/1322/annotation/206","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe National Pencil Company was a Jewish-owned manufacturing aggregate, based in Atlanta, Georgia, and founded in 1908. The company’s business office and factory were located on South Forsyth Street. Most of the laborers were pre-teen and teenaged children. Leo M. Frank was a superintendent at the factory who was falsely accused in the murder of 13-year-old factory worker old Mary Phagan. Frank was kidnapped from jail and lynched in 1915.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=1021.0,1045.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/annotation_set/1322/annotation/207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLeo Max Frank (1884-1915) was a Jewish factory superintendent in Atlanta, Georgia. In 1913, he was accused of raping and murdering one of his employees, a 13-year-old girl named Mary Phagan, whose body was found on the premises of the National Pencil Company. Frank was arrested, tried, convicted and sentenced to death for her murder. The trial was the catalyst for a great outburst of antisemitism led by the populist Tom Watson and the center of powerful class and political interests. Frank was sent to Milledgeville State Penitentiary to await his execution. Governor John M. Slaton, believing there had been a miscarriage of justice, commuted Frank’s sentence to life in prison. This enraged a group of men who styled themselves the “Knights of Mary Phagan.” They drove to the prison, kidnapped Frank from his cell and drove him to Marietta, Georgia where they lynched him. Many years later, the murderer was revealed to be Jim Conley, who had lied in the trial, pinning it on Frank instead. Frank was pardoned on March 11, 1986, although they stopped short of exonerating him.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=1045.0,1046.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/annotation_set/1322/annotation/208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eParkinson’s Disease is a progressive disease that affects the central nervous system. It may cause stiffness and tremors among other symptoms.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=1111.0,1141.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/annotation_set/1322/annotation/209","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHoke Smith High School was a high school in Atlanta, Georgia from 1947 to 1985. It was named for Michael Hoke Smith who was a United States Senator from Georgia, the 58th Governor of Georgia, and United States Secretary of the Interior.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=1148.0,1170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/annotation_set/1322/annotation/210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA bar mitzvah [Hebrew: son of commandments; plural: b’nai mitzvah] is a rite of passage for Jewish boys aged 13 years and one day. At that time, a Jewish boy is considered a responsible adult for most religious purposes. He is now duty-bound to keep the commandments, he puts on tefillin, and may be counted to the minyan quorum for public worship. He celebrates the bar mitzvah by being called up to the reading of the Torah in the synagogue, usually on the next available Sabbath after his Hebrew birthday.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=1170.0,1200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/annotation_set/1322/annotation/211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eShul is a Yiddish word for synagogue that is derived from a German word meaning “school,” and emphasizes the synagogue's role as a place of study.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=1170.0,1200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/annotation_set/1322/annotation/212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eScarlet fever is an infectious disease coming from strep infection, mostly affecting children, causing a “scarlet” rash. Through the 1930’s and 1940’s, 20% of the cases of scarlet fever were fatal.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=1200.0,1230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/annotation_set/1322/annotation/213","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCommercial High School began as a department of Girls’ High School in 1889 for girls who wanted to learn business skills. They taught bookkeeping, typing, math and history. It expanded to a four-story brick building on Pryor Street, and in 1910 became Atlanta’s first coed high school. It closed in June 1947.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=1264.0,1290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/annotation_set/1322/annotation/214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGeorgia State University is a public research university in Atlanta, Georgia. It was founded in 1913 and today has seven campuses around the Atlanta metro area. It is part of the University System of Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=1264.0,1290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/annotation_set/1322/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGeorgia Institute of Technology, which is commonly referred to as Georgia Tech is a public research university and institute of technology in Atlanta. It was founded in 1885 during Reconstruction as part of the plan to build an industrial economy in the post-Civil War South.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=1290.0,1320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/annotation_set/1322/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Reserve Officers' Training Corps (ROTC) is a college-based program for training commissioned officers of the United States Armed Forces. ROTC officers serve in all branches of the United States armed forces. Army ROTC students who receive scholarships are obligated to fulfill a service commitment after graduation.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=1351.0,1381.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/annotation_set/1322/annotation/217","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe US Army established Officer Candidate Schools (OCS) beginning in 1941 as a means of generating large numbers of junior officers. OCS courses were designed to train, assess, evaluate, and develop civilians and enlisted personnel for commission as officers. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=1351.0,1381.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/annotation_set/1322/annotation/218","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFort Knox is a United States Army installation in the state of Kentucky. It is not related to the country’s gold reserves. The army base has previously served as a Prisoner of War camp.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=1381.0,1411.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/annotation_set/1322/annotation/219","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe 10th Armored Division was a United States Army armored division activated out of Fort Bennington, Georgia that fought in the European Theatre during World War II.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=1411.0,1441.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/annotation_set/1322/annotation/220","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFort Eisenhower (previously Fort Gordon or Camp Gordon) is a United States Army installation outside of Augusta, Georgia. It was established for the World War II era.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=1411.0,1441.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/annotation_set/1322/annotation/221","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAugusta, Georgia is a city east of Atlanta along the Savannah River on the border of South Carolina.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=1411.0,1441.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/annotation_set/1322/annotation/222","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Normandy landings (codenamed ‘Operation Neptune’) were the landing operations on June 6, 1944 (termed ‘D-Day’) of the Allied invasion of Normandy (known in its entirely as ‘Operation Overlord’) during World War II. The Normandy landings have been called the beginning of the end of war in Europe.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=1441.0,1471.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/annotation_set/1322/annotation/223","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eNormandy is a region of northern France. The coastal beaches of Normandy were where the World War II battle signifying the turning point in the Allied Power’s favor were held.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=1441.0,1471.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/annotation_set/1322/annotation/224","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAlso known as the Ardennes Offensive (December 16, 1944 - January 25, 1945), the Battle of the Bulge was a major German offensive launched toward the end of World War II through the densely forested Ardennes mountain region in Belgium. Hitler threw everything he had into trying to drive the Allies back and stopping their advance out of Normandy, France. The Germans achieved nearly complete surprise during a period of heavy overcast weather, which grounded the Allies’ air forces. The Germans nearly broke through (“the Bulge”) the Allied lines. Nearly 19,000 Allied troops were killed and 62,000 wounded and 26,000 missing or captured. The Germans suffered nearly 85,000 casualties before they were pushed back. It was the largest and bloodiest battle fought in World War II.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=1471.0,1480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/annotation_set/1322/annotation/225","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Allied Forces of World War II was an international military coalition formed to oppose the Axis powers, which included Nazi Germany, Imperial Japan, and Fascist Italy. While membership in the Allied forced varied during the war, the principal members were the United Kingdom, the United States, the Soviet Union, and China.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=1502.0,1532.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/annotation_set/1322/annotation/226","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eArdennes is a region of forests and hills in the northeastern part of France, extending into Belgium.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=1502.0,1532.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/annotation_set/1322/annotation/227","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBastogne is a town in the Belgian Ardennes. The forested area is where the Battle of the Bulge took place.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=1502.0,1532.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/annotation_set/1322/annotation/228","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe 101st Airborne Division was a United States Army airborne division activated out of Camp Claiborne, Louisiana in 1942. They fought in the European Theatre during World War II, involved in D-Day and the Battle of the Bulge.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=1532.0,1562.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/annotation_set/1322/annotation/229","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGeneral Anthony Clement “Nuts” McAuliffe (1898-1975) was a United States Army officer during World War II. He commanded the 101st Airborne Division and the 103rd Infantry Division. He is remembered for disagreeing with the German Army, telling them, “Nuts!” when he refused to surrender at the Battle of the Bulge.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=1532.0,1562.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/annotation_set/1322/annotation/230","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA foxhole is a small, dug out hole that a soldier uses in an attempt to hide and defend themselves from enemy fire.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=1562.0,1592.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/annotation_set/1322/annotation/231","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eShell shock was the name of a condition used for soldiers traumatized, or shocked, by enemy shelling on the battlefield starting in World War I. Although shell shock now commonly refers to a broader trauma associated with war, the name of the condition originated from the shocked state that soldiers would be brought in for. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=1682.0,1712.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/annotation_set/1322/annotation/232","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAfter Poland’s defeat in 1939, the Polish government-in-exile quickly organized a new army of Polish soldiers and civilians who had escaped to France and the French Mandate of Syria. After the defeat of France in the summer of 1940, the Polish Army moved to the United Kingdom and was reorganized into what was known as the Polish Army in the West. Members of the Polish Air Force and Navy also organized as part of the Allied forces in the United Kingdom. General Władysław Sikorski became Prime Minister of the Polish government-in-exile and Commander in Chief of the Polish Armed Forces during World War II. Following Germany’s invasion of the Soviet Union in 1941, the Soviets agreed to release Poles who had been deported to the USSR, enabling them to join the newly formed Polish Army in the East, under the command of Władysław Anders. The Polish Armed Forces as a whole were considered to be the fourth largest Allied Army in Europe after the Soviet Union, the USA and Britain.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=1742.0,1772.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/annotation_set/1322/annotation/233","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eScripto is a company founded in Atlanta, Georgia in 1923 that produced writing utensils. The company changed to selling butane lighters in 1955.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=1802.0,1832.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/annotation_set/1322/annotation/234","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRayloc is a company that made and sold automative parts, affiliated with Genuine Parts Company (GPC) and National Automotive Parts Association (NAPA), founded in Atlanta, Georgia. The Rayloc Plant in Atlanta closed in 2008.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=1832.0,1862.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/annotation_set/1322/annotation/235","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe adults that lead children in Boy Scouts of America troops and activities are called Scoutmasters.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=1832.0,1862.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/annotation_set/1322/annotation/236","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eShearith Israel was established 1891 in Columbus, Georgia. The name was chartered as “Chevro Saris Israel.” In 1950 the name was officially changed to Shearith Israel Synagogue. The original building was on the corner of 7th Street and 1st Avenue in downtown Columbus. In 1951 the congregation moved to a new synagogue on Wynnton Road. In 2007 the building was sold. In 2013 the congregation moved to its current home on River Road. (2021) The rabbi of the Conservative congregation is Brian Glusman.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=1926.0,1953.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/annotation_set/1322/annotation/237","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBoy Scouts of Ameria Troop 52 is based in Fort Oglethorpe, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=1926.0,1953.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/annotation_set/1322/annotation/238","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eKashrut is a set of dietary laws dealing with the foods that Jews are permitted to eat and how those foods must be prepared according to Jewish law. Food that may be consumed is deemed kosher, from the Ashkenazi pronunciation of the Hebrew term kashér, meaning \"fit\" (in this context, \"fit for consumption\"). In colloquial English, kosher often means \"legitimate,\" \"acceptable,\" \"permissible,\" \"genuine,\" or \"authentic.\"\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=1926.0,1953.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/annotation_set/1322/annotation/239","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBoy Scouts of America Troop 53 is based in Cochran, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=1953.0,1983.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/annotation_set/1322/annotation/240","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA haberdashery in North America sells men’s clothing and accessories.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=1983.0,2013.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/annotation_set/1322/annotation/241","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRabbi David Geffen (1938-) was ordained at Jewish Theological Seminary rabbinical school in 1965. Geffen immigrated to Israel in 1977 with his family. He writes for The Jerusalem Post, having published more than 350 articles and book reviews and another 75 in the World Zionist Press Service. He also authored the American Heritage Haggadah in 1992. Geffen returned to the US in 1993 to serve as rabbi of the Temple Israel congregation in Scranton, Pennsylvania, a position he held until 2003. David Geffen is the grandson of Tobias Geffen who was the rabbi of Congregation Shearith Israel in Atlanta, Georgia from 1910 to 1970.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=2013.0,2043.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/annotation_set/1322/annotation/242","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe memoirist might have intended to speak about a different Rabbi Geffen. Rabbi Tobias Geffen (1870-1970) was an Orthodox rabbi and leader of Congregation Shearith Israel in Atlanta from 1910-1970. He is widely known for his 1935 decision that certified Coca-Cola as kosher. He also organized the first Hebrew school in Atlanta, and standardized regulation of kosher supervision in the Atlanta area.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=2013.0,2043.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/annotation_set/1322/annotation/243","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAliyah (Hebrew: \"ascent\") is the immigration of Jews from the diaspora to the Land of Israel historically, which today includes the modern State of Israel. Also defined as \"the act of going up\"—that is, towards Jerusalem—\"making aliyah\" by moving to the Land of Israel is one of the most basic tenets of Zionism. The opposite action, emigration from Israel, is referred to in Hebrew as yerida (\"descent\"). The State of Israel's Law of Return gives Jews, their children, and their grandchildren automatic rights regarding residency and Israeli citizenship.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=2013.0,2043.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/annotation_set/1322/annotation/244","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRabbi Alvin M. Sugarman (b. 1938) is the Rabbi Emeritus of the Temple in Atlanta and currently serves with life tenure. He began his rabbinate at the Temple in 1971 and in 1974 was named senior rabbi. A native of Atlanta, Rabbi Sugarman's family were members of the Temple, where he was also confirmed. He received his BBA from Emory University and was ordained by Hebrew Union College. In 1988 he received his PhD in Theological Studies from Emory University.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=2013.0,2043.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/annotation_set/1322/annotation/245","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Temple, or “Hebrew Benevolent Congregation,” is Atlanta’s oldest Jewish congregation. The cornerstone was laid on the Temple on Garnett Street in 1875. The dedication was held in 1877 and the Temple was located there until 1902. The Temple’s next location on Pryor Street was dedicated in 1902. The Temple’s current location in Midtown on Peachtree Street was dedicated in 1931. The main sanctuary is on the National Register of Historic Places. The Reform congregation now totals approximately 1500 families. As of 2022, its Senior Rabbi is Peter S. Berg.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=2013.0,2043.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/annotation_set/1322/annotation/246","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Rev. Robert Ross Johnson Humanitarian Award of the Year is an award granted yearly to non-Buckhead Rotarians by the Buckhead Rotary Club in Georgia to those who best exemplify living a life by Rotarian values.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=2043.0,2073.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/annotation_set/1322/annotation/247","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAn area located northwest of Downtown Atlanta with gracious homes, elegant hotels, shopping centers, restaurants, and high-rise condominium and office buildings. Buckhead is a major commercial and financial center of the Southeast, and it is the third-largest business district in Atlanta, behind Downtown and Midtown.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=2043.0,2073.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/annotation_set/1322/annotation/248","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRotary International is an international service organization whose stated purpose is to bring together business and professional leaders in order to provide humanitarian services, encourage high ethical standards in all vocations, and help build goodwill and peace in the world. It is a secular organization consisting of Rotary Clubs with about 1.2 million members. Membership is by invitation only.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=2043.0,2073.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/annotation_set/1322/annotation/249","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHirsch’s, previously called Hirsch Brothers, was a prominent men’s clothing store in Atlanta founded in 1863 by brothers Henry, Joseph, and Morris Hirsch.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=2073.0,2103.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/annotation_set/1322/annotation/250","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA level of the Boy Scouts, a youth organization in the United States. It was founded in 1910 to train youth in responsible citizenship, character development, and self-reliance through participation in a wide range of outdoor activities, educational programs and at older age levels, career-oriented programs in partnership with community organizations. They wear a uniform and earn merit badges for achievements in sports, crafts, science, etc. The boys start as a Cub Scout until age 11 and can move up to be an Eagle Scout. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=2103.0,2133.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/annotation_set/1322/annotation/251","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eStone Mountain is a quartz monzonite dome monadnock and the site of Stone Mountain Park, near the city of Stone Mountain, Georgia. The park is owned by the state of Georgia and managed by Norcross-based Herschend Family Entertainment. At its summit, the elevation is 1,686 feet above sea level and 825 feet above the surrounding area. Stone Mountain is well known for not only its geology, but also the enormous rock relief on its north face, the largest bas-relief artwork in the world. The carving depicts three Confederate leaders, Jefferson Davis, Robert E. Lee, and Stonewall Jackson. Stone Mountain was notably the site of Ku Klux Klan activities, and the birthplace of the modern Klan in 1915. It was purchased by the State of Georgia in 1958.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=2253.0,2283.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/annotation_set/1322/annotation/252","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Chattahoochee River forms the southern half of the Alabama and Georgia border, as well as a portion of the Florida-Georgia border. It is a tributary of the Apalachicola River, a relatively short river formed by the confluence of the Chattahoochee and Flint rivers and emptying from Florida into Apalachicola Bay in the Gulf of Mexico. The Chattahoochee River is about 430 miles long. The name “Chattahoochee” is thought to come from a Muskogean word meaning “rocks marked” or “painted.”\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=2253.0,2283.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/annotation_set/1322/annotation/253","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Ku Klux Klan (or “Knights of the Ku Klux Klan” today) is a white supremacist, white nationalist, anti-immigration, anti-Jewish, anti-Catholic, anti-Black secret society, whose methods have included terrorism and murder. It was founded in the South in the 1860s and then died out and come back several times, most notably in the 1920s when membership soared again, and then again in the 1960s during the civil rights era. When the Klan was re-founded in 1915 in Georgia, the event was marked by a cross burning on Stone Mountain. In the past its members dressed up in white robes and a pointed hat designed to hide their identity and to terrify. It is still in existence.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=2313.0,2324.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/annotation_set/1322/annotation/254","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e“Cross burning” or “cross lighting” is a practice widely associated with the Ku Klux Klan, although the historical practice long predates the Klan’s inception. In the early twentieth century, the Klan burned crosses on hillsides or near the homes of those they wish to intimidate. The first instance of a cross being burned in the United States was on November 25, 1915, when a group led by William J. Simmons burned a cross on top of Stone Mountain, Georgia, inaugurated a revival of the Klan.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=2324.0,2343.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/annotation_set/1322/annotation/255","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDecatur is a city in Georgia northeast of Atlanta in Dekalb County.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=2343.0,2373.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/annotation_set/1322/annotation/256","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe American Civil Rights Movement encompasses social movements in the United States whose goal was to end racial segregation and discrimination against Black Americans and enforce constitutional voting rights to them. The movement was characterized by major campaigns of civil resistance. Between 1955 and 1968, acts of nonviolent protest and civil disobedience produced crisis situations between activists and government authorities. Noted legislative achievements during this phase of the Civil Rights Movement were passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the Voting Rights Act of 1965, the Immigration and Nationality Services Act of 1965, and the Fair Housing Act of 1968.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615#t=2438.0,2446.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/127638/file/239615/annotation_set/1322/annotation/257","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe lunch counter sit-ins were a peaceful protest held in multiple segregated stores across the Southern United States during the Civil Rights Movement. 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