{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/kp7tm72j50/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Nikishin, Irina"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["2006-05-22 (creation)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["Video"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eIrina Nikishin interviewed by Sandra Berman on May 22, 2006 in Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e (general)","\u003cp\u003eIrina Nikishin was born in Moscow, Russia in 1953. She was the youngest of two children in the family. Her father was an engineer and her mother was an aesthetician. The mother had originally wanted to become a doctor; however, the start of World War II had prevented her from completing her medical school studies. Irina has an older brother named Mark who also became an engineer.\u003c/p\u003e (bioghist)","\u003cp\u003eIrina describes her childhood as a relatively typical Russian working-class upbringing, however when she started attending school there were certain incidents of anti-Semitism especially from the other students. After graduating from high school Irina studied at the Foreign Linguistics Institute in Moscow where she studied to become a schoolteacher of English as a foreign language. When she was nineteen years old, she met and married her husband Vladimir Nikishin who was also an engineer. Her daughter Olga was born shortly after that. In 1978 she and her husband had made the decision to emigrate to the United States. After a long process she and the family were finally allowed to leave Russia and enter the U. S. Her parents, brother Mark and Mark’s wife emigrated the next year. Currently Irina works as the Immigrant Resettlement Director at the Jewish Family and Career Services (the same organization that had helped resettle her and her family). She and her husband Vladimir (now known as Val) live in Atlanta While her daughter Olga lives in New York City.\u003c/p\u003e (scope content)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source Metadata URI"]},"value":{"en":["https://archivesspace.thebreman.org/repositories/2/archival_objects/28317"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject"]},"value":{"en":["Soviet Jewry (topical term)","Refusnik (topical term)","Soviet Union (geographic term)","United States (geographic term)","Atlanta (Ga.) (geographic term)","Immigration (topical term)"]}}],"summary":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eIrina Nikishin interviewed by Sandra Berman on May 22, 2006 in Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIrina Nikishin was born in Moscow, Russia in 1953. She was the youngest of two children in the family. Her father was an engineer and her mother was an aesthetician. The mother had originally wanted to become a doctor; however, the start of World War II had prevented her from completing her medical school studies. Irina has an older brother named Mark who also became an engineer.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIrina describes her childhood as a relatively typical Russian working-class upbringing, however when she started attending school there were certain incidents of anti-Semitism especially from the other students. After graduating from high school Irina studied at the Foreign Linguistics Institute in Moscow where she studied to become a schoolteacher of English as a foreign language. When she was nineteen years old, she met and married her husband Vladimir Nikishin who was also an engineer. Her daughter Olga was born shortly after that. In 1978 she and her husband had made the decision to emigrate to the United States. After a long process she and the family were finally allowed to leave Russia and enter the U. S. Her parents, brother Mark and Mark’s wife emigrated the next year. Currently Irina works as the Immigrant Resettlement Director at the Jewish Family and Career Services (the same organization that had helped resettle her and her family). She and her husband Vladimir (now known as Val) live in Atlanta While her daughter Olga lives in New York City.\u003c/p\u003e"]},"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/103/820/small/Irina_Nikishin.png?1619301631","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - Nikishin_Irina.mp4"]},"duration":3646.577,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/103/820/small/Irina_Nikishin.png?1619301631","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-thebreman.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/103/820/original/Nikishin_Irina.mp4?1609410300","type":"Video","format":"video/mp4","duration":3646.577,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820/transcript/21478","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Irina Nikishin [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820/transcript/21478/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Today is May 22, 2006 and I am here with Irinia Nikishin who has agreed to be interviewed for the for the Elliot and Judith Cohen Oral History Collection, contained\nwithin the Esther and Herbert Taylor Oral History Project of the William Breman\nJewish Heritage Museum. Thank you, Irina. It's quite a mouthful that I must get\nout before--\n\nNIKISHIN: Thank you.\n\nBERMAN: --I start these tapings, and I'm ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820/transcript/21478/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so thrilled that you decided to be a\nparticipant in this project.\n\nNIKISHIN: Thank you.\n\nBERMAN: I'd like you to just begin by speaking a little bit about your early\nyears in Russia, what your parents did and where you were born.\n\nNIKISHIN: I was born in Moscow, and my parents are originally from Ukraine, from\nOdessa, and they left for Moscow in the fifties. I was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820/transcript/21478/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"born in Moscow, so I\nbecame a true Moscovite. My heritage is Jewish, and I came from a family\nof--both parents were Jewish, and so were the grandparents. I was raised in\nMoscow in a very [unintelligible] society that Russia was at that time. I was\ncompletely assimilated with the Russian culture and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820#t=60.0,90.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820/transcript/21478/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Russian traditions, and I\nwent to a school where I was perhaps only one student in the classroom of thirty\npeople who was Jewish. My father was an engineer, and he had a very prominent\npost with the Russian structures. He was very high in the administrative end. He\nwas the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820#t=90.0,120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820/transcript/21478/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"chief engineer of the big chemical plant. My mom was a medical student,\nbut during the war she didn't finish her studies, so she didn't become a medical\ndoctor as she was planning to be, but later she became an aesthetician. I have\nan older brother, Mark. He got married very early in his age. He got ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820#t=120.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820/transcript/21478/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"married,\nand he moved away, and he was also an engineer. We had a comfortable living in\nterms of our well-being and standards, and I would say we were well off.\nBasically, I can say that I had a nice childhood, safe, protected. But at the\nsame time, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820#t=150.0,180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820/transcript/21478/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I had a lot of incidents where I felt that I was isolated and I was\nsingled out and I was picked upon, and that gave me a very uncomfortable\nfeeling, and I remember that feeling very well.\n\nBERMAN: Can you describe some of those incidents?\n\nNIKISHIN: Yes. In school in particularly [sic, particular], children somehow\nknew that I was Jewish. It was something that we always tried to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820#t=180.0,210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820/transcript/21478/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"hide because we\nwere ridiculed for being Jewish. I was called names, and I was called \"Jew,\" and\nyou know how children are they're cruel. They're cruel, and I constantly knew\nthat I was not one of them, even though, like I said, I had a very safe and\nprotected environment. And generally, in Russia--you know, Russia was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820#t=210.0,240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820/transcript/21478/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"very safe;\nyou could walk late in the evening. Nobody would attack you or touch you, and so\nin that sense it was fine, but at the same time, I always knew that I was\ndifferent from the culture that I was within.\n\nBERMAN: Do you think your parents felt the same way?\n\nNIKISHIN: Yes, I know my parents felt the same way, absolutely. I remember my\nmother applied for a trip to former Yugoslavia, to go on a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820#t=240.0,270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820/transcript/21478/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"tourist trip. It was\nin the sixties, late sixties, maybe early seventies, and Russia was a closed\ncountry. Not too many people were let out, even to travel. But my dad, being\nwith a privileged position, he had this opportunity to get that tourist deal for\nmy mother to go. She applied, and she had to go ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820#t=270.0,300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820/transcript/21478/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"through what she called an\nexecution and a torture, [unintelligible] they're questioning her and bringing\nher to tears. But, you know, she had to go through the sort of interviews, and\nthey were trying to check her moral status and her patriotism and trying to make\nsure that she was a fit person to go abroad. And it was a very humiliating\nexperience for her.\n\nBERMAN: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820#t=300.0,330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820/transcript/21478/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Travel visas--were they only allowed to other Communist countries during\nthat time?\n\nNIKISHIN: Yes, yes, only, only. You could never dream of--I have never been\nanywhere outside the former Soviet Union before I immigrated, so it was, like,\nnot an option for me.\n\nBERMAN: And I should ask, what year were you born?\n\nNIKISHIN: I was born 1953.\n\nBERMAN: And the family name.\n\nNIKISHIN: My family name is Prozument. That's my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820#t=330.0,360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820/transcript/21478/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"maiden name.\n\nBERMAN: Would you spell that?\n\nNIKISHIN: Yes, it's P (Peter)-r-o-z-u-m-e-n-t, Prozument.\n\nBERMAN: Thank you.\n\nNIKISHIN: You're welcome.\n\nBERMAN: It's so interesting to see the feeling of security and yet the feeling\nof being [crosstalk; unintelligible]--\n\nNIKISHIN: Yes, yes.\n\nBERMAN: --in the environment. But your father was able to excel within that\nsystem. Why do you think--\n\nNIKISHIN: He was, but at the same time, you know, being a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820#t=360.0,390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820/transcript/21478/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"very intelligent man,\na very well-educated man, he did manage to accept, but to a certain point. He\nalways wanted to be director of that factory, but he could never become a\ndirector because he had to be accepted in the Communist Party to be considered\nfor that position, and that's not something that he wanted to do. And even if he\nwanted to do [it], I don't think he would be accepted, because he was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820#t=390.0,420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820/transcript/21478/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish.\n\nBERMAN: Did he fight for the Soviet Union during World War II?\n\nNIKISHIN: No, he didn't, no, no. His family was in evacuation. He was a younger\nman at that time and a student and got exempt from being drafted, and his family\nevacuated to Uzbekistan. They [unintelligible]. As well as my mother's family,\nand that's where they met.\n\nBERMAN: That was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820#t=420.0,450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820/transcript/21478/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"wonderful [crosstalk; unintelligible].\n\nNIKISHIN: [Laughs]\n\nBERMAN: That whole thing.\n\nNIKISHIN: Yes.\n\nBERMAN: What about in the home? Did Jewish traditions play a part of your home life?\n\nNIKISHIN: Oh, we did have some Jewish traditions. I should say that. As much as\nwe knew, and we didn't know that much. There was no one to educate us, and we\ndidn't have Sunday schools in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820#t=450.0,480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820/transcript/21478/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Moscow. My grandparents were the only real model\nfrom whom I could have a history and insight into the Jewish tradition, so\nthat's how I knew what Passover was and how was celebrated Rosh Hashanah. We had\none synagogue in Moscow, and we didn't attend it, to tell you the truth. It was\nvery ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820#t=480.0,510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820/transcript/21478/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"risky. It was not something that was practiced. But for the holidays I\nremember that my grandfather and my father would go to that synagogue very\nsecretively, in advance, and order matzohs, and then we would have a box of\nmatzos, a big box. It's something quite--TV size box, maybe, that was made to\norder. They would bring [it] home, and we would have matzohs ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820#t=510.0,540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820/transcript/21478/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for the holiday,\nfor Passover. So that was a wonderful experience. So, we knew about Hanukkah. We\nknew about the major holidays, but very few things, not in depth, not enough.\nYou know, it was [unintelligible].\n\nBERMAN: Right.\n\nNIKISHIN: That was our practice. That was our life. We knew of course that we\nwere Jewish, and my parents always told me, \"You have to be ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820#t=540.0,570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820/transcript/21478/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"proud of your Jewish\nheritage. At the same time, you must work harder because it will be more\ndifficult for you to excel in whatever you want to do. You'll have to prove\nyourself better. You'll have to study better. You'll certainly have to make an\nextra notch to achieve something.\"\n\nBERMAN: In school, you said that most of your friends were not Jewish.\n\nNIKISHIN: Yes, yes.\n\nBERMAN: But what about outside of school? Did your ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820#t=570.0,600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820/transcript/21478/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"family generally associate\nwith Jewish? families?\n\nNIKISHIN: Yes, my parents had a lot of non-Jewish friends as well, but the\nclosest friends were Jewish. Very interestingly, when I was about maybe six or\nseven years old, we got an apartment, and apartments--it's a separate story\nabout ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820#t=600.0,630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820/transcript/21478/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"apartments in Russia. There were no apartments available. There ones that\nwere built--they were meant for different families to share an apartment, so we\nwere made to share this apartment with another family, and they were Jewish! And\nwe were so excited because--and we became instant friends, and we were like one\nfamily living under the same roof, so it was a very nice experience.\n\nBERMAN: Did your grandparents speak Yiddish?\n\nNIKISHIN: Yes, they did.\n\nBERMAN: Did ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820#t=630.0,660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820/transcript/21478/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"your parents speak it in the home?\n\nNIKISHIN: My parents spoke a little, when they didn't want us children to\nunderstand what they were saying, but they were not as fluent as my\ngrandparents, certainly. They knew better than I know, of course. I only know a\nfew words, but I don't speak Yiddish.\n\nBERMAN: And how about dating?\n\nNIKISHIN: It was difficult [laughs]. It was difficult. It was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820#t=660.0,690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820/transcript/21478/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"pressure on one\nside because in Russia at the time when I was growing up and being a teenager,\nthe pressure was for the girls to get married young, because if you pass age 22,\n23, that's not a good sign, so it was difficult. Once a year it was well known\nin Moscow at the synagogue, at the Simchat Torah holiday, the Jewish ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820#t=690.0,720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820/transcript/21478/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"youth would\ngather outside, and it was a very well-known meeting place for young Jewish\npeople to meet. I have Jewish friends also that I made when I was in college. My\nclosest friend, Irina, who was my maid of honor--she still lives in Moscow, and\nwe go back--she's Jewish, and we go back--our friendship is, I don't know,\nprobably forty years old [laughs]. So that's very ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820#t=720.0,750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820/transcript/21478/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"special. I had some Jewish\nfriends, but not too many. I had a Jewish friend who was in the parallel? class.\nDiana was her name. So naturally the two of us bonded. There was one more boy\nwho was in that class who was Jewish, but that's all, out of the pool of sixty\npeople. That's, like, two or three Jews, and that was it, so it's a different\nstory with the young people growing up in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820#t=750.0,780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820/transcript/21478/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ukraine. They certainly had a better\nchance of having Jewish friends.\n\nBERMAN: Right.\n\nNIKISHIN: The Jewish population was larger and more concentrated there.\n\nBERMAN: Did your family, before your desire to emigrate--did your family discuss\npossibly emigrating, leaving the Soviet Union?\n\nNIKISHIN: No, they didn't want to leave. It was completely our idea, my\nhusband's and mine. I was married at that time. We had a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820#t=780.0,810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820/transcript/21478/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"child already.\n\nBERMAN: Discuss that a little bit first. Let's talk about getting married.\n\nNIKISHIN: Yes. I got married I met my husband at a party. We started dating. I\nwas 19 years old when I got married, so it was a very short mating period. He\nwas five years older. He was graduating from the institute at that time. I was\nstill in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820#t=810.0,840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820/transcript/21478/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"college. I was still in school. So, we got married. My parents didn't\nreally want me to get married. They thought it was too early for me, but we got\nmarried anyway. And so, we had our daughter, like, a year and a half later. Olga\nis her name. What influenced our decision to leave was learning from ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820#t=840.0,870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820/transcript/21478/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"others,\nfrom people who left and who wrote letters, and that got our attention and\ninterest. And with all that, if we wanted to have a good life, a happy life for\nourselves and our child, that was the way out for us, because with every aspect\nof life in Russia that you take, it's not safe for you in terms of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820#t=870.0,900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820/transcript/21478/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"reaching your\ngoals, so we knew that our child would go through a difficult experience, that\nshe will have to prove herself. And not only that, it was difficult for me to\nget in the institute. It was terrible. My mother got me tutors, even though I\nwas an excellent student. But she wanted to make sure that I would have an\nexcellent chance to get in, that nobody would pick on me and say, \"She didn't\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820#t=900.0,930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820/transcript/21478/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"know that material; that's why she didn't pass the exam.\" So, we didn't want the\nsame for our child. I didn't want anybody to call her \"Jew\" when she was in\nschool and for her to be disappointed in life because she was Jewish. That's not\nfair. So that's when we started to hear from people. We had friends who were\nplanning to leave, and at that time it was not--\n\nBERMAN: What years are we talking about?\n\nNIKISHIN: It was late seventies. We ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820#t=930.0,960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820/transcript/21478/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"emigrated in 1978, so it was around 1975,\n'76 that we started to think and talk about that, and it was not a safe talk,\nand people didn't share, and people were hiding the fact that they were planning\nto leave. It was not safe. You could lose your job. You could have all kinds of\nconsequences. It was not safe for your ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820#t=960.0,990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820/transcript/21478/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"family.\n\nBERMAN: Who was the prime minister there at that time? Was its [Leonid] Brezhnev?\n\nNIKISHIN: It was Brezhnev. Yes, it was Brezhnev, and James Earl \"Jimmy\" Carter\nwas the president here. And that's how our decision got finalized. We decided we\nwould like to go.\n\nBERMAN: What was going on in the world? Did events in the world, like the\nboycott of the Olympics, the invasion of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820#t=990.0,1020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820/transcript/21478/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Afghanistan--did any of those events\n[crosstalk; unintelligible] your decision?\n\nNIKISHIN: I think the invasion of Afghanistan was not there yet. I don't think\nso. I think it came later, but certainly we were paying attention to what's\ngoing on in the world, absolutely. We also knew the people who applied to leave\nand were not allowed to leave and all the so-called refuseniks. We started to\nhear about that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820#t=1020.0,1050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820/transcript/21478/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"movement. There was a certain risk element when you applied to\nleave, and you always think to yourself, Oh, what happens if they don't let you\ngo? It was scary. I would say it was a risky process.\n\nBERMAN: Describe the process.\n\nNIKISHIN: We had to get an invitation. At that time, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820#t=1050.0,1080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820/transcript/21478/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the way the emigration out\nof the former Soviet Union was possible or set up, of course, for Jewish people\nto leave, you had to have someone from Israel to send you an invitation visa to\ngo. It had to a relative, but we didn't have relatives in Israel, so then we\nknew of someone leaving and going to Israel en route for Austria. We would give\nour ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820#t=1080.0,1110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820/transcript/21478/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"names, and they would fill out the forms, and that's how the visa came to\nus. That's exactly what we did, and we received this invitation visa to leave,\nand then we had to apply for the exit visa, and we had to wait for our decision.\nIt didn't take long, surprisingly. It took about six months for us to get\npermission to leave. It was a shock. We didn't expect it to be, because we heard\nof other cases where it could take a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820#t=1110.0,1140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820/transcript/21478/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"longer time, where people would be\nquestioned, refused, and of course we had to be very secretive. My best friend,\nIrina, didn't know. I didn't tell her, as much as she was my very close friend.\n\nBERMAN: Now, was this just your husband and you and your child, or were your parents--\n\nNIKISHIN: No, no, it was just the three of us.\n\nBERMAN: It must have been a heart-wrenching decision to leave your parents.\n\nNIKISHIN: It was. It was a very difficult decision. It was difficult. The whole\nexperience of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820#t=1140.0,1170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820/transcript/21478/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"leaving the country and going into who knows where was very\ndifficult on us.\n\nBERMAN: You have a wonderful command of the English language.\n\nNIKISHIN: Thank you.\n\nBERMAN: Did you know English beforehand?\n\nNIKISHIN: I did. I did. I am a teacher by profession, English teacher and\ntranslator. I graduated from the Foreign Languages Institute in Moscow, a very\nwell-known one. It's called [unintelligible]. [Laughs] So yes, I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820#t=1170.0,1200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820/transcript/21478/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"did, but my\nhusband didn't, and he started Spanish in his college, and that was a problem\nfor him when we came to the U.S.\n\nBERMAN: So, you got your papers, and then you were supposed to go to Israel.\n\nNIKISHIN: Yes.\n\nBERMAN: So how did you end up coming to the United States?\n\nNIKISHIN: We ended up here because we wanted to go to the United States. Israel\nwas the ticket for us to get out, as it was for other ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820#t=1200.0,1230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820/transcript/21478/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jews. The way the process\nworked at that time, we went to Vienna first, where we were processed by HIAS,\nHebrew Immigrant Aid Society. Interestingly, a month ago I visited Moscow and\nVienna HIAS offices, and they are in the same building where I was processed\nalmost thirty years ago, so it was a very moving moment, very emotional for me.\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820#t=1230.0,1260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820/transcript/21478/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Anyway, we went there, but we also had to meet with representatives of the\nIsraeli agency, Zachnud, and tell them that we wanted to go to the United\nStates. And then after waiting for our papers being processed, we moved to\nItaly, and we stayed there for a couple of months, waiting for the U.S. to\naccept us, going for our interview with the American ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820#t=1260.0,1290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820/transcript/21478/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Embassy and waiting for the\nexit package to be ready for us to leave.\n\nBERMAN: In Italy, was the Joint Distribution Committee there?\n\nNIKISHIN: Yes.\n\nBERMAN: Offering classes and assistance in--\n\nNIKISHIN: Assistance. Not so much the classes. I don't remember the classes\nbeing offered. Assistance, yes. Both in Vienna and Italy we received assistance\nfor our housing, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820#t=1290.0,1320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820/transcript/21478/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for food, for living expenses. It was modest, but it was fine.\nIt was fine.\n\nBERMAN: So, you were in Italy for two months.\n\nNIKISHIN: Yes.\n\nBERMAN: And then you arrived in New York?\n\nNIKISHIN: In Atlanta. In New York, via New York to Atlanta.\n\nBERMAN: How did you end up in Atlanta?\n\nNIKISHIN: We had friends who came here first. We didn't know anything about\nAtlanta, and they landed here, and we decided to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820#t=1320.0,1350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820/transcript/21478/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"follow them, and here we were\nin 1978 in Atlanta, one of the very few first families coming to Atlanta.\n\nBERMAN: Can you describe your first impressions of the South and Atlanta?\n\nNIKISHIN: Yes, it was shock [laughs]. It was a big shock to me. It was very\ndifferent from the city setting I was from, from Moscow. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820#t=1350.0,1380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820/transcript/21478/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Atlanta was very\ndifferent from nowadays Atlanta, at that time, and I certainly was not--I don't\nknow, I was not expecting to be living in that sort of like suburban setting. It\nwas difficult for me to adjust. I was depressed ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820#t=1380.0,1410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820/transcript/21478/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in that initial month. I was\nfeeling very sad, and I was nostalgic and homesick, and I was questioning my\ndecision, and everything was different: the city, the setting, the culture. It\nwas a difficult adjustment for me. But I imagine for most of the people who\nimmigrate, it's the same experience.\n\nBERMAN: Where did you live?\n\nNIKISHIN: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820#t=1410.0,1440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820/transcript/21478/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We lived on Buford Highway, Buford Valley Apartments, and that's where\nmost of the Russian families lived. Yes, we had a two-bedroom apartment.\n\nBERMAN: Was the agency here, Jewish Family Services, helping resettle at that time?\n\nNIKISHIN: Yes, yes, we were resettled by Jewish Family Services. They were\nmaking all the arrangements for us for the apartment, for our financial\nassistance, for ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820#t=1440.0,1470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820/transcript/21478/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"all the proper referrals, for our child to go to a daycare, Beth\nJacob first and then to Hebrew Academy. So, we were received very well by the\nJewish community here. My husband was the first one to get employment and\nstarted working I think in about a month after our arrival. The economy was good\nat the time. It was not a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820#t=1470.0,1500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820/transcript/21478/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"big problem that he didn't speak the language. And so\nthat piece worked well with receiving [unintelligible]. It really worked well.\n\nBERMAN: Do you think Jewish Family Services did a good job in trying to\ncrosstalk; unintelligible]?\n\nNIKISHIN: Yes. Oh, yes definitely. I think they certainly spent enough time with\nus to understand our ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820#t=1500.0,1530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820/transcript/21478/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"concerns and to help us in our initial resettlement in\nterms of getting food and clothing and furniture. We had the furniture, I\nremember, they gave us for a very long time. It was very nice furniture. It was\ndonated. It was nice furniture. There was food in our refrigerator when we\narrived. So, it was amazing to us that somebody was taking such a good care of\nus. We didn't expect that, to tell you the truth.\n\nBERMAN: Just to go ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820#t=1530.0,1560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820/transcript/21478/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"back one minute. A question that just came into my mind about\nyour family. Describe your parents' feelings about your emigration.\n\nNIKISHIN: My parents had a very difficult time with us leaving. As much as they\nwanted the best for us and our lives, it was a very traumatic experience for\nthem. Of course, for every ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820#t=1560.0,1590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820/transcript/21478/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"parent to separate from their child, I think it's a\nnightmare. And my brother, who stayed still in Moscow, he emigrated probably a\nyear and a half later, but he did live too with his family, so at that point,\nwhen my brother left and we were the first ones to leave, they decided that they\nwould leave, too, that they couldn't bear staying there, behind. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820#t=1590.0,1620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820/transcript/21478/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was\ndifficult for them because of their age. They were not old yet, but it was a\ndifficult age to make a big change in your life, and they were in their late\nfifties. So, they wanted to stay, but with their children and grandchildren\ngone, they followed us. So, they came. I believe in 1982 they came to Atlanta\nfirst, and they lived here for ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820#t=1620.0,1650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820/transcript/21478/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"one year and then they moved to New York.\n\nBERMAN: Is that where your brother is?\n\nNIKISHIN: No, my brother is in Chicago. Our family is all spread. His wife's\nfamily was living in Chicago, and that's how they went to Chicago. That's how\nthe decision was made.\n\nBERMAN: And why did your parents go to New York?\n\nNIKISHIN: They went to New York because they didn't assimilate in Atlanta that\nwell. It was difficult for them in terms of culture. New York has more to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820#t=1650.0,1680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820/transcript/21478/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"offer.\nThe Russian immigration there was certainly flourishing. They had more the\nRussian culture being present there, with the theaters and events, and my\nparents were a part of that culture. Even though they weren't English,\nespecially my father, Russian was still pretty much their culture, and they\nwanted to be there to enjoy ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820#t=1680.0,1710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820/transcript/21478/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that.\n\nBERMAN: I'm sure for you Atlanta was a culture shock because we didn't,\nespecially in the seventies, have that much culture going on.\n\nNIKISHIN: Right.\n\nBERMAN: As compared to life in Russia.\n\nNIKISHIN: In Russia. It was a big culture shock, and we wanted to leave\ninitially. We wanted to move to a different state, and we were considering\nChicago. My husband went there for ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820#t=1710.0,1740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820/transcript/21478/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"some job interviews, but didn't like the\nwinter in Chicago, and that's how we decided to stay, so here we are, still\nhere. Our daughter has gone up--interestingly, she's in New York now, too, so we\nare the only ones living here in the South still.\n\nBERMAN: During this process of emigration, were you aware that there was a\nmovement beginning in the States ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820#t=1740.0,1770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820/transcript/21478/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to help refuseniks or people who were in the\nSoviet Union to emigrate?\n\nNIKISHIN: We heard of that, but the information was scarce because of the cold\nwar. We didn't know what to believe. We were brainwashed, and that was terrible,\nthe way people were brainwashed in Russia against the United States, and the\nUnited States was always an enemy. I understand the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820#t=1770.0,1800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820/transcript/21478/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"same went here. So, we had\ninformation. It was, like I said, very scarce. We didn't have much knowledge. We\ndid hear here and there from somewhere, some rumors from someone listening to\nthe radio broadcast, but that was very dangerous even to talk about that because\nyou could end up in jail for telling the wrong joke, a political joke. You could\nend up in jail. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820#t=1800.0,1830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820/transcript/21478/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So, it was scary.\n\nBERMAN: Was there an interview involved with your leaving? Did they interview\nyou personally?\n\nNIKISHIN: I don't remember us being interviewed per se. You mean in Russia?\n\nBERMAN: In Russia.\n\nNIKISHIN: No, I don't think so. I don't think they interviewed us. I think it\nwas mostly through the paperwork and forms that we had to fill out. I don't\nremember ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820#t=1830.0,1860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820/transcript/21478/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"us going for the interview in Russia.\n\nBERMAN: Did you ever contemplate going to Israel? Was that ever a part of your--\n\nNIKISHIN: No, no. To tell you the truth, no.\n\nBERMAN: What about your other family? Did they think about going to Israel at all?\n\nNIKISHIN: No. Of course, we were, my husband and myself and child, were the\nfirst ones to leave, so they followed us to be in the same country with us.\n\nBERMAN: Because I know that Israel was pushing for you to come ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820#t=1860.0,1890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820/transcript/21478/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there.\n\nNIKISHIN: Yes, yes, they were pushing for us to come, and they were very clear\nin their interview that they wanted us to go there, but we kept pushing for U.S.\n\nBERMAN: Okay. So, we get to Atlanta, and you were describing how hard an\nadjustment it was, but can you talk a little bit about some of the specifics,\nlike the shopping and the travel and--\n\nNIKISHIN: Yes. Oh, yes, yes. Everything ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820#t=1890.0,1920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820/transcript/21478/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was so different. Everything was\nwonderful on one hand; surprising and shocking on the other hand. So, you had to\ncompletely adjust and learn the whole new way of life. Everything was different.\nShopping was--I remember the feeling. I remember who were living in Atlanta at\nthat time. They took us to a Kmart, and we had an ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820#t=1920.0,1950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820/transcript/21478/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"allowance, I think, to buy\nsome household items, and I wanted to buy some bath rugs for the bathroom, and\nwhen I saw the assortment and the colors and the textures, I was just--I\nremember that incident. We were all at Kmart, and I was just standing there and\nstanding there. They thought something was wrong with me, because by that time\nthey became so-called ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820#t=1950.0,1980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820/transcript/21478/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Americans, and they all knew what Kmart was. But I\ncouldn't decide because of the availability of things that were there, and that\nwas amazing to me. And the same, I remember, at the grocery store. In Russia we\ndidn't have the same kind of grocery stores. We had farmers' markets that are\nwonderful. They're more expensive, but at the grocery store and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820#t=1980.0,2010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820/transcript/21478/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"coming to Kroger\nwas a major shock to me. I remember Kroger on Buford Highway. I couldn't choose\nwhat kind of cheese I wanted to buy. I couldn't know possibly what all the\npackaging was. Even though I read English, it doesn't matter. It's the variety.\nIt's the items that are there. It's an overwhelming experience. It's great to\nhave this experience, but it's overwhelming. It takes some learning tools ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820#t=2010.0,2040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820/transcript/21478/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to\ncope with that. So, everything was great. We bought a car. We had a car, and I\nstarted driving. I took driving classes in Russia, but I didn't drive a car. It\nwas a big car, and it had the feeling of luxury and being able to afford this\nbeautiful car was an amazing feeling for us. So, we were very ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820#t=2040.0,2070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820/transcript/21478/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"happy with getting\nthings and getting easy access to merchandise. It was like you didn't have to\nfight for it; you didn't have to go under the black market to find something, to\npay extra. The meaning of the holidays started to have a different meaning, too,\nbecause in Russia when you were preparing for the holiday, you always had to\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820#t=2070.0,2100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820/transcript/21478/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have a list to find items, to purchase them, to be able to pay extra to get what\nyou wanted. Here, everything was available. You just go in and buy it. It's just\na matter of your having funds to buy it, but everything is available here. So\nyes, I remember that it was a big cultural adjustment for us.\n\nBERMAN: As much matzoh as you want.\n\nNIKISHIN: As much matzoh--and different kinds of matzoh, too, so that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820#t=2100.0,2130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820/transcript/21478/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was an\ninteresting experience to us, too. We only knew one kind of matzoh, which was\nwonderful, as far as I remember the taste, but different varieties of matzoh, we\nnever heard of.\n\nBERMAN: It's so interesting to me to hear you talk about one aspect where it\nmust have been--it was wonderful, the shopping and the purchases and being able\nto have a better economic life.\n\nNIKISHIN: Right.\n\nBERMAN: But the other part was just difficult, the social aspect of the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820#t=2130.0,2160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820/transcript/21478/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"new\nculture and adjusting to a new life.\n\nNIKISHIN: [unintelligible] learning the culture. It certainly took time for us\nto start to understand things. I remember we went to a movie, and it was, well,\nmaybe a year after our arrival. We want? movies to see if we understand\neverything, and the same was with a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820#t=2160.0,2190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820/transcript/21478/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"comedy show. We didn't understand. even\nthough I spoke the language, there is so much in the culture that you don't know\nwhat they were meaning by this and that or referring to this or that character.\nYou had to catch up.\n\nBERMAN: Do you remember the first movie you went to?\n\nNIKISHIN: Boys from Brazil, I think. That was the movie.\n\nBERMAN: Oh, good movie!\n\nNIKISHIN: Yes, it was, Boys from Brazil. And then the next one was Saturday\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820#t=2190.0,2220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820/transcript/21478/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Night Fever.\n\nBERMAN: And how about the first television comedy you watched? Do you remember that?\n\nNIKISHIN: I don't remember. I remember watching a lot of Dynasty [laughs].\n\nBERMAN: That's [unintelligible]. Well, that'll certainly move you into the\nculture quickly.\n\nNIKISHIN: Yes, and then Brady Bunch with my daughter.\n\nBERMAN: You also mentioned that your daughter went to the Hebrew Academy.\n\nNIKISHIN: Initially, she did. I think she ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820#t=2220.0,2250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820/transcript/21478/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"went for one year, and it was a\ndifficult adjustment for her because she had to learn two languages at the same\ntime. She had to learn English and Hebrew.\n\nBERMAN: How old was she?\n\nNIKISHIN: When we arrived in U.S., she was four. Yes, she was four. She turned\nfour in Vienna, so yes, yes. We arrived in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820#t=2250.0,2280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820/transcript/21478/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"U.S. in December of 1978. So, it was\ndifficult for her as a child. And she had a difficult adjustment period, even\nwith the childcare. I remember when I would take her to Beth Jacob, and I would\ncome to pick her up and she would still sit in the same corner, and it's not\nlike the teacher was not trying, but she was being a very shy child, so ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820#t=2280.0,2310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820/transcript/21478/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not used\nto being away from me, and all of a sudden in a new environment with strangers,\nspeaking a strange language, so it was a shock for her. And when she went to\nHebrew Academy, we very much liked that idea of her going to a Jewish day\nschool, but the experience was a bit overwhelming for her, learning two\nlanguages. She was not learning fast enough to make good progress for her age,\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820#t=2310.0,2340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820/transcript/21478/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and we transferred her to--at that time I think we moved to Sandy Springs and we\ntransferred her to a public system school.\n\nBERMAN: Do you feel that too much was asked of you by placing her into that\nenvironment initially?\n\nNIKISHIN: I think so. I think so. I felt bad when the principal, Dr. Frankel?\nFranco? who was a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820#t=2340.0,2370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820/transcript/21478/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"wonderful man at that time. He was the principal of Hebrew\nAcademy. And he called my husband and myself to talk to us at the end of the\nyear, and he told us very gently that he was considering for Olga to repeat the\nsame class, and it was a shock for me. In Russia, only the worst of the students\nwere made to repeat the class, so it was very humiliating for ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820#t=2370.0,2400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820/transcript/21478/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"us, as parents, as\nbeing achievers before, ourselves. It was something that even though I\nunderstood the challenge and I understood where he, as the educator, came from,\nI couldn't agree to that. It made me feel very bad for myself and for my child.\nI felt she would be ridiculed. You know, I had all these insecure feelings that\na Russian child would have. So, we took her ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820#t=2400.0,2430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820/transcript/21478/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"out.\n\nBERMAN: What about other aspects of Jewish life? Did you try to get involved in\nother areas: synagogue life, organizational life?\n\nNIKISHIN: Not really, to tell you the truth. I was asked to speak when we came\nto Atlanta. I was asked to speak at the synagogue. I don't even remember which\nsynagogue right now. Because I spoke English, I was asked to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820#t=2430.0,2460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820/transcript/21478/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"speak about our\nexperience coming to U.S., and it was a big deal to me to speak at the synagogue\nand speak about my experience. I did it. And the only horrifying experience that\nI had from that meeting was that after my speech, after I talked about us and\nliving previously in Moscow and all that humiliation and anti-Semitism and\ncoming here and our ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820#t=2460.0,2490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820/transcript/21478/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"goals and expectations, the audience that was very warm and\nvery welcoming--they started to ask me questions, and I didn't understand what\nthey were saying, so that was a terrible, terrible shock to me because the\nEnglish language that I was taught previously in Russia was so different from\ntheir--you know, Southern English. So ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820#t=2490.0,2520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820/transcript/21478/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that was a sort of humiliating experience\nfor me, not to be able to understand what people were saying. It was--yes, it\nwas very different.\n\nBERMAN: Describe the experience, though, of suddenly having religious freedom to\ncelebrate the holidays any way you wanted to.\n\nNIKISHIN: Yes, yes.\n\nBERMAN: What was that like?\n\nNIKISHIN: It gives you a good feeling ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820#t=2520.0,2550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820/transcript/21478/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that you don't have to have this fear,\nbecause you want to do what you want to do and because that is something that is\npart of your heritage. I cannot say that our family is observant, but we like to\ngo for High Holidays to the synagogue, and this is something that my daughter\ndoes, too. So this is a good feeling, that nobody will report you because you go\nto the synagogue or some of the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820#t=2550.0,2580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820/transcript/21478/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"neighbors will see you and make the phone call\nand you could be questioned or arrested or I don't know what, or your safety\nwould be at risk. So, we could do whatever we felt like going. We could go to\nthe synagogue, we could practice if we wanted to, we could celebrate holidays,\nso it was a wonderful feeling that you don't have to fear anything anymore, that\nyou could be yourself.\n\nBERMAN: Practice or not practice.\n\nNIKISHIN: Practice or not ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820#t=2580.0,2610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820/transcript/21478/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"practice. You are yourself. You don't have to have\nthis fear because you are Jewish nobody will tell you, \"You're Jewish, and\nthat's not your place. You cannot be here.\"\n\nBERMAN: What about friends? Are most of your friendships within the Russian\ncommunity, or not?\n\nNIKISHIN: We have both, but most is within the Russian community, yes, yes. And,\nyou know, with ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820#t=2610.0,2640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820/transcript/21478/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"my daughter, who grew up here and became very Americanized--but\nvery interestingly, she didn't even speak good Russian when she was growing up\nin Atlanta, but when she went to school in New York, she met some Russian\nfriends there, and that's when her Russian started to come back and became\nbetter and better, and she has both Russian and American friends. And I am very\nhappy with that, too.\n\nBERMAN: When you get ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820#t=2640.0,2670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820/transcript/21478/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"together, do you speak English, or do you speak Russian?\n\nNIKISHIN: We speak Russian. In my family we speak Russian.\n\nBERMAN: That must be a nice feeling, to have that, with your friendships--\n\nNIKISHIN: Yes.\n\nBERMAN: --to be able to revert--\n\nNIKISHIN: Absolutely.\n\nBERMAN: --to the tongue that you grew up with.\n\nNIKISHIN: Absolutely, absolutely.\n\nBERMAN: The comfort level.\n\nNIKISHIN: Yes. Well, a native language is always a native language, so you're\nnaturally drawn to it and it's easier for you. It's more natural to speak in\nyour native language.\n\nBERMAN: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820#t=2670.0,2700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820/transcript/21478/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And here you are, working for a Jewish agency.\n\nNIKISHIN: I know. I'm very proud of that. It's an amazing thing to happen in my\nprofessional life. I started working for Jewish Family and Career Services now,\nthe same agency that resettled me. Rhoda Margolis, who is our director of our\ncounseling services--she was my caseworker at that time when we came, so we\nstill work together. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820#t=2700.0,2730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820/transcript/21478/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's amazing that I can be involved now on the receiving\nend and work with refugees that come here to U.S., and with someone having this\nexperience, I feel it makes a big difference because you have the empathy.\n\nBERMAN: Just for the purpose of the tape, tell me your title and exactly what\nyou do.\n\nNIKISHIN: Yes. I am resettlement program manager with the international\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820#t=2730.0,2760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820/transcript/21478/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"services, and I oversee the resettlement program. We resettle Jews from the\nformer Soviet Union as well as Iranian religious minorities as well as\nasylums from all over the world. I have this wonderful privilege to work\nwith so many different populations and help them adjust. And I also supervise\nhealthy family programs [sic; the Healthy Family Program]. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820#t=2760.0,2790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820/transcript/21478/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's a wonderful\nprogram. It's new. We've had it for three years now. It's through a grant with\nthe Department of State. The goal of the program is to provide refugee\npopulations, different refugee populations with the tools to be supportive of\ntheir families and for their families to stay stronger. So ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820#t=2790.0,2820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820/transcript/21478/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"basically, that's\nwhat my job is.\n\nBERMAN: So, you work with the Russian community, the Iranian community, I'm\nassuming the South African community, or not?\n\nNIKISHIN: Not necessarily with the South African, even though we have\nasylums from Africa. We're resettling [unintelligible] from various\ncountries in Africa: from Congo and Togo and Zimbabwe and Ivory ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820#t=2820.0,2850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820/transcript/21478/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Coast.\n\nBERMAN: These are Jewish families?\n\nNIKISHIN: No.\n\nBERMAN: No.\n\nNIKISHIN: No, these are non-Jewish families. These are the families that are\npersecuted that come to U.S. because of their political situation in their\ncountry and threat to their lives, because they could be either active in\npolitical or [unintelligible] movements and ask for United States to give them\nasylum. If they are awarded ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820#t=2850.0,2880.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820/transcript/21478/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"asylum, under the U.S., now have the\nsame privileges as refugees, and so we can enroll them in our program, in our\nmatching grant program.\n\nBERMAN: That's wonderful.\n\nNIKISHIN: Yes.\n\nBERMAN: That must be very rewarding for you.\n\nNIKISHIN: Oh, it's an amazing feeling. It truly is. I love what I do, and my job\nis very important to me.\n\nBERMAN: I can tell, from just speaking with some of the people you've\nrecommended for this ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820#t=2880.0,2910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820/transcript/21478/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"project, that they also love you.\n\nNIKISHIN: Oh! [laughs] Thank you. Thank you. It's very nice.\n\nBERMAN: Just some specifics. Did you have a Passover seder when you first came here?\n\nNIKISHIN: Yes, we had volunteers, a wonderful American family that was assigned\nto us, a Jewish family. They were a family of husband, wife and two small\nchildren, and the first seders ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820#t=2910.0,2940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820/transcript/21478/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were they invited us to their house, and it was\nan amazing experience because it was something that--the traditional way of\ncelebrating, other than eating matzohs and gefilte fish, we did the whole seder,\nand we learned how it could be done and how it's practiced and how the matzos\nwere hidden from children, and so that was an experience for us, and we enjoyed\nit so much. But ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820#t=2940.0,2970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820/transcript/21478/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"also, because we were so welcomed in that home, because of all\nthe attention we got from that family and their friends, it's almost like\nfeeling like these are your relatives, those people. We never knew them before,\nbut they were so warm and welcoming that they embraced us. It was a wonderful\nfeeling, like being part of their family.\n\nBERMAN: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820#t=2970.0,3000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820/transcript/21478/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Do you remember their names?\n\nNIKISHIN: I don't remember their names. It's a shame, though. We grew apart\nsomehow. You know, you start to get busy when you resettle in a new country, and\nthere are, like, priorities to find a job, to start making a living, so there\nwere things that we started to get busy with in our adjustment to the American\nway of life. We lost track of them.\n\nBERMAN: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820#t=3000.0,3030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820/transcript/21478/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Has your husband adjusted as well as you?\n\nNIKISHIN: He did in a way, because he had to start a job, and he felt the\nresponsibility on his shoulders, being a provider for the family, but it was\ndifficult for him because he didn't speak the language, so it was more\nchallenging for him, and he had difficulty learning the language. Everybody is\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820#t=3030.0,3060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820/transcript/21478/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"different. So, it was tough for him to make the adjustment.\n\nBERMAN: What does he do now?\n\nNIKISHIN: Right now, he is in real estate. He had a very long career. He's an\nengineer by trade, and initially he worked as a maintenance engineer. That was\nhis first job, at the Tower Place. Then, being very entrepreneurial, he started\na business ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820#t=3060.0,3090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820/transcript/21478/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with our friends, and we had a Jewish deli on Buford Highway. After\nthat experience, he became interested in the car business, and he went to\ntrainings, and he started working for various dealerships [unintelligible], and\nthen he started his own business, so he became very successful. He had two car\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820#t=3090.0,3120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820/transcript/21478/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"dealerships, and he was able, [unintelligible], were very successful, but that's\nbecause of his business practices and his hard work. He's a workaholic, and he\nworks so hard. He was able to purchase properties. And then we sold all this,\nand then he wanted to retire [laughs], but then he realized ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820#t=3120.0,3150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820/transcript/21478/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that he must do\nsomething; it's not like you can sit and do nothing. So, he's in real estate\nnow. He's also interested in trading. He's doing day trading. So, he's all over.\n\nBERMAN: That's wonderful, though. What a story?\n\nNIKISHIN: Yes.\n\nBERMAN: That's quite something. When did you become a citizen?\n\nNIKISHIN: We became a citizen back in 19-I believe-86. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820#t=3150.0,3180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820/transcript/21478/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It felt great to us to be\nU.S. citizens. I remember the oath we took. I remember--it was nerve-wracking\nbecause you had to take the exam, and when you take an exam there are certain\nfeelings of, like, what if you fail? But anyway, we passed the exam, we got our\ncitizenship, we took the oath in the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820#t=3180.0,3210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820/transcript/21478/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"big auditorium with people from so many\ncountries. It was wonderful. We celebrated being citizens. Every year we\ncelebrate the day when we arrived in U.S. It was December seven.\n\nBERMAN: Pearl Harbor Day.\n\nNIKISHIN: It was back in 1978, so every year we celebrate that many years living\nin U.S.\n\nBERMAN: That's wonderful.\n\nNIKISHIN: It is wonderful. I'm thankful to God that we ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820#t=3210.0,3240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820/transcript/21478/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"made this decision and we\ncame to live in U.S. Visited Russia recently, and I had a very good time, and\nRussia changed a lot, and we all know all the changes, becoming a different\nsociety, and I enjoyed my visit so much, but I thank God that I don't live there\nanymore. It was amazing to visit, but then come back here. And that became my\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820#t=3240.0,3270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820/transcript/21478/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"home, and I feel very good here.\n\nBERMAN: Well, that's a wonderful way, I think, to end this interview, but I\ndon't want to miss anything, so I want to make sure that there's nothing that I\nmay have missed that you'd like to talk about: feelings about leaving, feelings\nabout coming. Is there anything [crosstalk; unintelligible]?\n\nNIKISHIN: We talked about the feelings, and I hope I was good in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820#t=3270.0,3300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820/transcript/21478/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"portraying the picture.\n\nBERMAN: Wonderful.\n\nNIKISHIN: The other feeling that I remember so well and so vividly--both my\nhusband and I remember this moment: when we left Russia and we were on the plane\nto go to Vienna and landed in Vienna and came out, and we were with that crowd\nof people who came to a different life, to a new life, it was a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820#t=3300.0,3330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820/transcript/21478/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"feeling, a scary\nfeeling that I remember, a feeling of uncertainty because you're not in control\nand you don't know what happens next, and people and agencies and governments\nare planning for you, but you don't know. And we were brought from the airport\nin Vienna--we were met by a designated person and transported to a place where\nwe were waiting for sort of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820#t=3330.0,3360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820/transcript/21478/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"coordinator to bring us money to go and buy some\nfood. And it was a room full of people with children and some crying. It was\nvery chaotic. And our daughter, who was four at that time, almost four,\nOlga--she saw another child eating an apple, and she wanted an apple. She said\nshe was hungry. They didn't ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820#t=3360.0,3390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820/transcript/21478/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have anything. And, you know, we felt so bad. I can\nstill cry when I remember this moment of us, being grownups, not being able to\ngive your child food when she wants to eat. And that was the first time I ever\nsaw tears in my husband's eyes, because it was difficult for him, too. But it\nwas a moment that you must live through. It was immigration. It's never easy. In\nVienna, we were ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820#t=3390.0,3420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820/transcript/21478/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"evacuated several times because of the terrorist threat, so that\nwas a different experience for us, too. So, it was not an easy experience to be\nan immigrant, a refugee. It's something that I wish people don't have to go\nthrough this. But to get to what you are finally and to what to look at the\nresult and that your life here in this country--thank ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820#t=3420.0,3450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820/transcript/21478/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"God. So that's all I have\nto say.\n\nBERMAN: I do have a couple of follow-ups now. First, your husband's name.\n\nNIKISHIN: Yes. His name is Val, V-a-l. It's short for Vladimir. Vladimir is a\nvery difficult, very popular Russian name, but very difficult to pronounce, so\nhe abbreviated himself into Val. His name is Val Nikishin.\n\nBERMAN: And I guess my last question, which you kind of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820#t=3450.0,3480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820/transcript/21478/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"inspired me to ask, is\nwhat do you think is the difference between someone like you and all the\ncountless people who chose not to emigrate? What do you think gave you that\ncourage to leave, and leave early, when it wasn't so common?\n\nNIKISHIN: Yes, that's true. I think that, interestingly, my husband was the\nfirst one to bring this idea into our ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820#t=3480.0,3510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820/transcript/21478/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"family and to make it a plan to go. I\nthink that it was certainly scary for us to do this step, considering what was\ngoing on and what was involved with that challenge and with that risk. I am so\nglad that we found the courage, and we did it. And I must give credit to my\nhusband again, because he ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820#t=3510.0,3540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820/transcript/21478/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was the one. He was sort of like the mastermind, so he\nhad the vision, and that vision was a part of our decision making, and I'm so\nhappy that I agreed to that vision because it could be difficult. And you saw\nmany families where the parents didn't want children to leave, and they didn't.\nOr there were controversial issues involved, and it was difficult for husband\nand ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820#t=3540.0,3570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820/transcript/21478/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"wife to be on the same page, and that affected their decision making. But\nI'm glad that I agreed. I'm so happy.\n\nBERMAN: Do you ever look back and say, Wow! I did that!\n\nNIKISHIN: Yes, yes, especially when I was in Moscow. I was in Moscow twice this\nyear, and everybody offers jokes, like Irena doesn't go for years and then she\ngoes ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820#t=3570.0,3600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820/transcript/21478/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"twice in the same year. Yes, the last visit that I had in April, in May,\nwalking through Moscow and thinking, this is my city. I grew up here. I lived\nhere. Is it possible? Is this really me? Did it happen to me? Wow! I made this.\nI'm here, but I will leave. I'm here as a tourist, but I will leave. I have a\ndifferent home, and I love that home.\n\nBERMAN: Well, we're glad you ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820#t=3600.0,3630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820/transcript/21478/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"came.\n\nNIKISHIN: Thank you [laughs].\n\nBERMAN: And this was a great interview.\n\nNIKISHIN: I'm glad the people like you that supported us, that made it possible.\n\nBERMAN: And we're so appreciative of you doing this interview. Thank you so much.\n\nNIKISHIN: Thank you. Thank you. I appreciate it to. Thank you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820#t=3630.0,3660.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820/annotation_set/292","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Annotations [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820/annotation_set/292/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRosh Hashanah is the Jewish New Year celebration. The name literally means “Head of The Year” in Hebrew. It refers to the fact that centerpiece of the celebratory meal table should be the head of a fish.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820#t=480.0,510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820/annotation_set/292/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePassover [Hebrew: Pesach] is the anniversary of Israel’s liberation from Egyptian bondage. The holiday lasts for eight days. Unleavened bread, matzah, is eaten in memory of the unleavened bread prepared by the Israelite during their hasty flight from Egypt, when they had not time to wait for the dough to rise. On the first two nights of Passover, the seder, the central event of the holiday is celebrated.  The seder service is one of the most colorful and joyous occasions in Jewish life.  In addition to eating matzah during the seder, Jews are prohibited from eating leavened bread during the entire week of Passover. In addition, Jews are also supposed to avoid foods made with wheat, barley, rye, spelt or oats unless those foods are labeled ‘kosher for Passover.’ Jews traditionally have separate dishes for Passover.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820#t=480.0,510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820/annotation_set/292/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMatzo is a special unleavened flatbread that is eaten during Passover. God had commanded the Jews to create this special bread for Passover celebrations. Kosher crisp matzos are made with wheat, rye or barley flour.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820#t=510.0,540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820/annotation_set/292/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHanukkah is a Festival of Lights. It is celebrated to commemorate the Miracle at the Temple during which one day’s amount of oil for the lamp had miraculously burned for eight nights. It is celebrated by the lighting of the Menorah a ceremonial eight-pronged candelabra one candle at a time for eight consecutive nights.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820#t=540.0,570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820/annotation_set/292/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSimchat Torah translated means the “Joy of Torah.” A celebration meant to commemorate the Torah or the first five books of the Old Testament.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820#t=690.0,720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820/annotation_set/292/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLeonid Ilyich Brezhnev was a Soviet politician who led the Soviet Union as General Secretary of the governing Communist Party and as Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet. His 18-year term as general secretary was second only to Joseph Stalin's in duration.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820#t=990.0,1020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820/annotation_set/292/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHIAS Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society. A Jewish charitable organization founded by Jewish refugees in New York City in the year 1881. Its main mission is stated as helping resettle the world’s Jewish refugees in the United States.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820#t=1230.0,1260.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820/index/47502","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Irina Nikishin [Index]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820/index/47502/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Early life","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820#t=50.0,466.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820/index/47502/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I was born in Moscow, and my parents are originally from Ukraine..","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820#t=50.0,466.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820/index/47502/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Family history","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Genealogy","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Moscow","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Russian","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ukraine","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820#t=50.0,466.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820/index/47502/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish traditions in Soviet Union","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820#t=466.0,957.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/34921/file/103820/index/47502/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Oh, we did have some Jewish traditions. I should say that. As much as we knew, and we didn't know that much. 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