{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/k35m90416f/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Cohen, Herbert"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["1995-01-11 (captured)","1995-01-19 (captured)","1995-01-27 (captured)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Agent"]},"value":{"en":["Cohen, Herbert (Interviewee)","Maziar, Patty (Interviewer)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source"]},"value":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum","Esther and Herbert Taylor Oral History Collection","Jewish Oral History Project of Atlanta"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eHerbert Cohen was interviewed by Patty Maziar on January, 11, 19, and 27, 1995, in Atlanta, Georgia. \u003c/p\u003e (general)","\u003cp\u003eHerbert Bruce Cohen, Sr. was born in Monterey, California, in 1921 to Molly and Jake Cohen. He grew up in a small, primarily Catholic community, and his family would travel to San Francisco to participate in Jewish activities and holidays. Herbert attended Stanford University, and while there, he enlisted in the United States Navy and became a naval aviator. He was stationed as a flight instructor in Atlanta, where he met his wife, Jean Aronstam. Herbert and Jean had three children: Mary Ann Kaplan in 1947, Herbert Bruce Cohen, Jr. in 1950, and Susan Cohen Emmons in 1953. \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eIn Atlanta, Herbert joined his wife’s family’s business, Southern GF Company, a supplier to the construction industry. He spent his career there, becoming the company’s Chairman and CEO until his retirement. Herbert and his family were very involved in both the Atlanta community and the Jewish community. He served as president of the William Breman Jewish Home and the Standard Club. He also served as Vice President of The Temple and national vice president of the American Jewish Committee. He served on several boards of directors, including the Better Business Bureau, National Conference of Christians and Jews, the Atlanta Jewish Federation, the Georgia Business Community for the Arts, and the Gate City Day Nurseries. He was a Charter member of the Development Council of The College of Architecture at Georgia Tech. \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eFor his extensive work in the community, Herbert was honored with numerous awards, including the 1980 Institute of Human Relations Award of the Atlanta Chapter of the American Jewish Committee, the 1987 National Distinguished Leadership Award from the American Jewish Committee in New York, and the 1988 Bronze Medal Award from the American Institute of Architects Georgia Region. Herbert passed away in 2019 and is buried with Jean and two of their children, Bruce and Susan, at Westview Cemetery in Atlanta. \u003c/p\u003e (bioghist)","\u003cp\u003eThe first interview focuses on Herbert’s career at the Southern GF Company and his father-in-law. He discusses how his father-in-law came to Atlanta and became involved in the construction business. He recalls his father-in-law’s interests and his marriages. He talks about coming to Atlanta as a naval pilot. He recounts adjusting to Atlanta and meeting his wife, Jean. Herbert talks more about enlisting in the Navy. He details his family history and how they settled in California. He shares that his father came to the United States through Ellis Island. He shares some of his family’s Jewish traditions and he recalls what it was like growing up in a small, primarily Catholic community in Monterey, California. \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eHerbert describes his experience as a Jewish student at Stanford University. He shares his experience visiting his non-Jewish friends at their colleges. He shares recollections of joining the Atlanta Jewish community and becoming involved with The Temple. He shares his thoughts on the parallels between black/white segregation and the divide amongst the Jewish community. \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eThe second interview covers Herbert’s involvement in the Atlanta community, starting with The Temple. He recalls The Temple bombing and how it impacted The Temple. He talks about his involvement in the Atlanta Jewish community, particularly with Federation, the National Council of Jewish Women, and The Temple. He details his endeavor to place an American flag on a flagpole outside The Temple. He talks about the Jewish community’s efforts to serve the Atlanta community with programming and shelters. He details his experience being an extra at The Temple during the filming of Driving Miss Daisy. \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eHerbert talks about how he desegregated his business. He also shares his work with the Better Business Bureau and the National Conference of Christian Jews. He talks about local businesses in Atlanta resisting unionization and desegregation. He shares that he called on his friend Lyndon Wade to advise him on how to integrate the Southern GF Company. He recalls the racism he noticed towards Asian people in California growing up. He describes experiencing antisemitism in college and how shocking it was to him. He talks about his frustration and acts of resistance towards country clubs that discriminated against Jewish people. He also shares an antisemitic experience with the board of trustees at Piedmont Hospital. He recalls his involvement in the push for women to be allowed to join the Kiwanis Club.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eIn the final interview, Herbert begins by discussing his involvement with The Gate City Day Nursery Association. He recalls working with Myrtle Davis and helping her campaign to be elected to the Atlanta City Council. He talks about his work with the American Jewish Committee and his efforts to fundraise for them. \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eHerbert talks about his wife’s aunt, Ella, and her life as a teacher of disabled children and her work as an activist for shareholders. He discusses his wife, Jean’s, involvement with the Jewish Home’s gift shop. He shares his involvement with the building of the Jewish Tower and serving on its board. He discusses establishing the SGF Prize at the College of Architecture at Georgia Tech. He also talks about his ongoing involvement with the Jewish Tower. The interview concludes with Herbet talking about his three children and their spouses. He discusses their careers and their children.\u003c/p\u003e (scope content)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject"]},"value":{"en":[]}}],"summary":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eHerbert Cohen was interviewed by Patty Maziar on January, 11, 19, and 27, 1995, in Atlanta, Georgia.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHerbert Bruce Cohen, Sr. was born in Monterey, California, in 1921 to Molly and Jake Cohen. He grew up in a small, primarily Catholic community, and his family would travel to San Francisco to participate in Jewish activities and holidays. Herbert attended Stanford University, and while there, he enlisted in the United States Navy and became a naval aviator. He was stationed as a flight instructor in Atlanta, where he met his wife, Jean Aronstam. Herbert and Jean had three children: Mary Ann Kaplan in 1947, Herbert Bruce Cohen, Jr. in 1950, and Susan Cohen Emmons in 1953.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eIn Atlanta, Herbert joined his wife\u0026rsquo;s family\u0026rsquo;s business, Southern GF Company, a supplier to the construction industry. He spent his career there, becoming the company\u0026rsquo;s Chairman and CEO until his retirement. Herbert and his family were very involved in both the Atlanta community and the Jewish community. He served as president of the William Breman Jewish Home and the Standard Club. He also served as Vice President of The Temple and national vice president of the American Jewish Committee. He served on several boards of directors, including the Better Business Bureau, National Conference of Christians and Jews, the Atlanta Jewish Federation, the Georgia Business Community for the Arts, and the Gate City Day Nurseries. He was a Charter member of the Development Council of The College of Architecture at Georgia Tech.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eFor his extensive work in the community, Herbert was honored with numerous awards, including the 1980 Institute of Human Relations Award of the Atlanta Chapter of the American Jewish Committee, the 1987 National Distinguished Leadership Award from the American Jewish Committee in New York, and the 1988 Bronze Medal Award from the American Institute of Architects Georgia Region. Herbert passed away in 2019 and is buried with Jean and two of their children, Bruce and Susan, at Westview Cemetery in Atlanta.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe first interview focuses on Herbert\u0026rsquo;s career at the Southern GF Company and his father-in-law. He discusses how his father-in-law came to Atlanta and became involved in the construction business. He recalls his father-in-law\u0026rsquo;s interests and his marriages. He talks about coming to Atlanta as a naval pilot. He recounts adjusting to Atlanta and meeting his wife, Jean. Herbert talks more about enlisting in the Navy. He details his family history and how they settled in California. He shares that his father came to the United States through Ellis Island. He shares some of his family\u0026rsquo;s Jewish traditions and he recalls what it was like growing up in a small, primarily Catholic community in Monterey, California.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eHerbert describes his experience as a Jewish student at Stanford University. He shares his experience visiting his non-Jewish friends at their colleges. He shares recollections of joining the Atlanta Jewish community and becoming involved with The Temple. He shares his thoughts on the parallels between black/white segregation and the divide amongst the Jewish community.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eThe second interview covers Herbert\u0026rsquo;s involvement in the Atlanta community, starting with The Temple. He recalls The Temple bombing and how it impacted The Temple. He talks about his involvement in the Atlanta Jewish community, particularly with Federation, the National Council of Jewish Women, and The Temple. He details his endeavor to place an American flag on a flagpole outside The Temple. He talks about the Jewish community\u0026rsquo;s efforts to serve the Atlanta community with programming and shelters. He details his experience being an extra at The Temple during the filming of Driving Miss Daisy.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eHerbert talks about how he desegregated his business. He also shares his work with the Better Business Bureau and the National Conference of Christian Jews. He talks about local businesses in Atlanta resisting unionization and desegregation. He shares that he called on his friend Lyndon Wade to advise him on how to integrate the Southern GF Company. He recalls the racism he noticed towards Asian people in California growing up. He describes experiencing antisemitism in college and how shocking it was to him. He talks about his frustration and acts of resistance towards country clubs that discriminated against Jewish people. He also shares an antisemitic experience with the board of trustees at Piedmont Hospital. He recalls his involvement in the push for women to be allowed to join the Kiwanis Club.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eIn the final interview, Herbert begins by discussing his involvement with The Gate City Day Nursery Association. He recalls working with Myrtle Davis and helping her campaign to be elected to the Atlanta City Council. He talks about his work with the American Jewish Committee and his efforts to fundraise for them.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eHerbert talks about his wife\u0026rsquo;s aunt, Ella, and her life as a teacher of disabled children and her work as an activist for shareholders. He discusses his wife, Jean\u0026rsquo;s, involvement with the Jewish Home\u0026rsquo;s gift shop. He shares his involvement with the building of the Jewish Tower and serving on its board. He discusses establishing the SGF Prize at the College of Architecture at Georgia Tech. He also talks about his ongoing involvement with the Jewish Tower. The interview concludes with Herbet talking about his three children and their spouses. He discusses their careers and their children.\u003c/p\u003e"]},"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/public/images/audio-default.png","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - Cohen__Herbert.m4a"]},"duration":15539.07229,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/public/images/audio-default.png","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-thebreman.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/289/474/original/Cohen__Herbert.m4a?1756399837","type":"Audio","format":"audio/mp3","duration":15539.07229,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Cohen, Herbert [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e This is Patty Maziar, and I'm testing this tape for the oral history project . . . [interview pauses, then resumes] This is Patty Maziar, and I'm with Mr. Herbert Cohen. We are meeting as part of the Oral History Project for the National Council of Jewish Women and the American Jewish Committee. The date today is January 11, and we're meeting in Mr. Cohen's office at the Southern . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=2.0,47.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e GF Company.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=47.0,48.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e Southern GF Company.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=48.0,49.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e At 263 Decatur Street, Southeast Atlanta.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=49.0,53.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e What does the GF stand for?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=53.0,54.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e It has no significance as far as the nature of the company now, but it originally, when the company was founded in 1912, it stood for General Fireproofing. It was a generic description of metal building materials.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=54.0,73.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e What kind of construction is the company involved in now?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=73.0,77.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e It's involved with supplying steel and aluminum building materials to the commercial construction, general construction. It solicits the architects and architecture profession to specify and utilize its products, some of which it simply distributes and others it manufactures. Its sales are made to, for the most part, to general contractors who build buildings, office buildings, apartment buildings, hospitals, hotels, churches, all this as opposed to a single family residential or garden-type apartments.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=77.0,124.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e In just looking around in your waiting room, it sounds like you've been involved in some very substantial projects in Atlanta. Could you share some of that with me?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=124.0,132.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, some of the projects include many, if not most, of the buildings on the Georgia Tech and Emory campuses. At the time, it was the largest project in the city, the Atlanta Hilton Project, which is between Piedmont and Cortland, now Downtown Atlanta, on the site of the old Atlanta Brewery facility in the Heart of Atlanta Motel. That's the site I'm talking about. Others of the buildings are the Life of Georgia, formerly the Life of Georgia at the corner of West Peachtree and North Avenue. We get involved with almost all commercial construction projects in the metro area.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=132.0,194.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e It sounds like you've really seen the skyline of Atlanta change.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=194.0,198.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e Dramatically. I was really stimulated when the Peachtree Baker Building was demolished the other day. It was very much in the news. Formerly the IRS [Internal Revenue Service] building and it's now . . . the property was acquired by the Hyatt Regency to add to that building. I remember when that was built, and we furnished a lot of materials. That was the largest building in area south of Baltimore [Maryland] and it, for the most part, dominated that part of the Atlanta skyline. Until it was demolished, you could hardly find it. As you flew over Atlanta or you drove through Atlanta, you could hardly sight that building because it was just overwhelmed by all the other new buildings. The new skyline is just remarkable and apparently, it's going to be continuing now the Olympics are giving it a new impetus, as is the Federal building project on the site of the old Downtown Rich's.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=198.0,277.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e Are you involved in the project as well?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=277.0,279.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e We will be, yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=279.0,282.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e How does that come about? Do you bid on the project or . . . ?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=282.0,286.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, almost all of our sales are the result of bidding based upon the plans and specifications that are developed by the architects and engineers for the building.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=286.0,302.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e Do you have your own architecture staff and engineering staff?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=302.0,305.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e We have engineering staff.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=305.0,309.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e They're the ones who would . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=309.0,310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e They prepare shop drawings, they do quality take-offs on plans, they consult and advise architects and engineers on the way to adapt our products to their building. In a sense, this may be a far out analogy, but it's pretty much the way the replacement hip salesman advises the surgeon on how to fit the hip into the patient on the operating table.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=310.0,356.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e You would analyze the situation and come back and even make some suggestions as well as . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=356.0,362.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e Correct.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=362.0,363.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e . . . some assessments of the situation. Do you do consulting as well as provide the . . . ?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=363.0,367.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e Consulting is part of our selling endeavor. We're not paid consultants, no.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=367.0,373.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e I see, but you offer suggestions for improvements.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=373.0,375.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e Correct.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=375.0,377.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e How did the company get started in this?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=377.0,379.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e The company was founded by my father-in-law in 1912. His name was Louis Aronstam, and he came south after graduating from the Naval Academy and Columbia [University] and saw the opportunity in Atlanta and started a company on a very small basis, on a very limited basis. It has grown over the years. I am the Chairman Emeritus and my son-in-law, Peter Emmons, is now the CEO of the company.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=379.0,428.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e What are your responsibilities now?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=428.0,433.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e My responsibilities for most part are to come to the office daily for a few hours and talk to the employees and to customers, and answer questions that only I can answer as a result of long years of experience, and talk to pretty ladies that come in.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=433.0,456.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e We're off to a good start, I can tell.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=456.0,458.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e Want me to give a name?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=458.0,463.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e No, that's okay. Tell me, what brought him here? Did he just move south? Was Atlanta seen as a booming sort of place, or did he have a bride here?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=463.0,471.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e You're talking about my father-in-law?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=471.0,472.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, your father-in-law.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=472.0,473.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e He was employed by a New York company; he was from New York.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=473.0,488.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e Doing what? Do you know?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=488.0,489.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, the name of the company was the Barber Asphalt Paving Company. I don't believe they're still in existence. They had a large project to pave roads in South Carolina, and he was sent to Sumter, South Carolina where he met his bride-to-be, an old southern family. She and her father were born in Sumter and when he met her, during the time that he met her she was a student at Agnes Scott, a college in Decatur [Georgia]. He found while he was working in South Carolina, he found it convenient and worthwhile to take the bus ride from Sumter to Atlanta on weekends or wherever he could so he could court his future bride. He got to Atlanta enough that he liked it and saw the potential and married and settled in Atlanta.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=489.0,558.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e She was from a Jewish family?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=558.0,559.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e Jewish family, a Civil War vintage Jewish family in Sumter.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=559.0,568.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e German Jewish?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=568.0,570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, the name was Schwartz. I think she graduated from Agnes Scott probably in about the class of 1912. I'm not sure that's exactly the year.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=570.0,587.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e Where was he from originally?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=587.0,588.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e He was originally from Brooklyn, New York.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=588.0,595.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e Born there? His family had been there?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=595.0,598.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes. I think when his family got to this country, I think they settled in Boston [Massachusetts], and then they moved to Baltimore and then to Brooklyn. I don't know what caused those moves, but yes, he is born in Brooklyn, New York. It was very unusual for a Jewish youngster to get a Naval Academy appointment in those years. I think he told me he was probably one of two Jewish students at the Naval Academy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=598.0,645.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e That is very unusual. How did he get in? Did someone write . . . Did he need to get letters of recommendations I would imagine?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=645.0,648.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e He got . . . Yes. I believe there was one member of the family who was very well . . . was politically connected, and through a friend and a friend and a friend, he was able to get the appropriate political help that is always needed or generally needed. I think he got an appointment by either his representative or a New York senator.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=648.0,681.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e Did the family have any financial resources as well? Was he in the family business?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=681.0,685.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e I think they were, yes, and I think they were moderately successful. They were in the retail jewelry business. He suffered a gymnastic accident during his final year at the Academy and was medically discharged. It was just a few months from graduation. He spent a good many months in the Boston Naval Hospital, and then he was discharged. He did not get to graduate. He was just few months away from graduation, and that's when he came home to New York and went to Columbia to take some engineering courses to help him. He liked engineering and construction, and that led to the position with this paving company in New York, Barber Paving Company.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=685.0,738.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e Was Atlanta, when he came down here, were they going through a period of construction in town? Was the city was being built?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=738.0,744.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e I don't know what the state of the activity was. It was probably small, but he originally traveled and worked the Southeast, really, from Richmond [Virginia] to New Orleans [Louisiana] to Miami [Florida], with Atlanta as sort of the core area. We've been located in this facility since 1920.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=744.0,777.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e I'm going to stop the tape for a minute. [interview pauses, then resumes] He found this building in 1920 and moved into this . . . ?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=777.0,789.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e This property was developed by another Jewish family, the Liebman family, who were in the paper products business. Recently I had a doctoral candidate preparing a thesis on the architectural history of Atlanta in the 1890's, during that decade, who brought me some of his research information and I shared what I knew about this property. I learned that a Swedish architect came to this area during that decade of 1890's and was employed by Leibman, the then head of the Leibman family, to design and build a home for that family, which was located on Whitehall Street, to build a Hebrew orphanage, and to build this facility for the business here on Decatur Street. In about 1920, Lewis Aronstam bought the property that had been developed and occupied by the Leibman Paper Company or maybe the Paper Box. I don't know the exact company name, but that family lived in Atlanta for many years. As a matter of fact, the then head of the family was one of the survivors of the Winecoff Hotel fire. They made their home in an apartment, a magnificent apartment in the old Winecoff Hotel. Then . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=789.0,903.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e That's a family name I have not heard mentioned.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=903.0,908.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e There are . . . I think the connection that you made, Leibman is very . . . if you look at the newspapers during the period 1890 to, I'd say 1920, the Atlanta newspapers have frequent stories about the Leibman family, about their philanthropy, their business achievements, and their civic achievements.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=908.0,937.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e Do you know if they have family left who live here?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=937.0,943.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e I think not, I think probably the best place for you to start to run that family down would be with Mrs. Ralph Uhry, Alene Uhry. You've probably interviewed her.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=943.0,959.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e No, I haven't . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=959.0,961.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e She's the mother of Alfred Uhry of Driving Miss Daisy fame. Her husband is connected to that family, her deceased husband. She may have . . . and I think whatever connections there are with that family may reside in Savannah [Georgia] now because they have a Savannah connection. Over the years, the family has acquired more and more and more contiguous property in this neighborhood. Now it amounts about the equivalent of about two square blocks or about four and a half acres.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=961.0,1009.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e This is your family who owns it? Is this a public company?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=1009.0,1015.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e No, it's private. It's family-owned.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=1015.0,1016.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e It's private. How many family members are in it?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=1016.0,1022.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e At the moment, at this time, it's just my family, my children, my wife and I, and my children and grandchildren. It's one family.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=1022.0,1034.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e I'm sorry, was it your son?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=1034.0,1035.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e Son-in-law.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=1035.0,1036.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e Son-in-law is involved in the business.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=1036.0,1038.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e Right.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=1038.0,1040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e Often in family businesses there's a difference of interest of keeping the business going.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=1040.0,1048.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e I think historically, it's very unusual to get to a third generation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=1048.0,1054.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e [indistinct: 17:36].","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=1054.0,1056.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e I'm sure it's rare.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=1056.0,1066.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e Was there anything else? Was your father-in-law a good storyteller or what was he like?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=1066.0,1072.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e He was a great storyteller. He was a handsome, refined, articulate gentleman right out of central casting. He was wonderful, wonderful man and took great pride in his naval career, brief as it was. When he came to Atlanta, he adopted Georgia Tech as his foster alma mater and gave great support to it. He had a great warm feeling about Piedmont Hospital because many doctors that he had there. In the family, there have been some serious health problems, and he took a liking to Piedmont Hospital and its doctors, and supported that organization handsomely, as he did George Tech. He had a great affection for the established Jewish community, and for the Jewish Home, and for the American Jewish Committee. As a result of that, coming up as a pup, I sort of fell into those particular niches in the community as my short bio indicates . . . Some of his friends were doing the same thing. His generation was very close and social friends with the Rich family of the store, and the Haas family of the Haas and Dodd Insurance Company, and the Montag family of the Montag Stationary Company. That is the group, it was sort of a close knit, but he, unlike some of his others in his social group, reached out and he was just a wonderful, charming man.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=1072.0,1215.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e He was not just involved in the Jewish community?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=1215.0,1217.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e No, he was very involved in the Atlanta Symphony, and the Opera group, and many others. In those days, it was rather unusual for any one person to have a deep involvement in both the Jewish community and also the total community.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=1217.0,1242.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e I would imagine that there were a few bridges to cross. I was wondering if he ever mentioned to you any of the stories that he had [indistinct: 20:50].","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=1242.0,1257.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e He would tell me. One of the things that was very upsetting to him was the fact that in those days, and to maybe a limited extent now, that at 5 p.m., the curtain really dropped in Atlanta. During the day he would lunch and have very close friends with members of the non-Jewish community as a result of his professional connections and business. Because I would say that 99 plus percent of our customers and our dealings were with non-Jewish people, architects, engineers, general contractors, suppliers. But for the most part, in the evenings there was no interplay among or between the Jewish community and the non-Jewish community. Except perhaps for structured organizations such as the Opera and the Symphony, but for the most part the Jews were, as he would tell it, were certainly restricted from club memberships. For the most part restricted from serving on boards of these organizations that he tended to support.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=1257.0,1350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e What about his wife? Was she involved too?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=1350.0,1351.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e He had four wives. His first wife and the mother of his children died of cancer after a long battle involving Piedmont Hospital and its doctors. I think she died in the mid-1940's. Her age was in the mid-40's or so. Then he married, his second wife was a lady from San Francisco [California] whose husband had been the impresario of the San Francisco Symphony and Opera, so he got involved even more with the arts in Atlanta because she entertained visitors in Atlanta. I remember going to parties at their home for Arthur Rubinstein and Yehudi Menuhin . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=1351.0,1400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e She was very cultured.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=1400.0,1401.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e . . . Just all of the great performers, and the ballet, the symphony, and the opera people. When the Metropolitan Opera would pay its annual visit here, she would entertain for the principals. It was very interesting. She made a great effort to break down the barriers as far as government's involvement of these Atlanta organizations who, for the most part, historically have been very gentile and very anti-Jewish.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=1401.0,1451.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e Did she ever serve on the board of any of these organizations?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=1451.0,1452.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e She didn't, but as a result of her efforts, and by that time she was a pretty senior in age and didn't have the inclination to serve on the board, she served on a number of advisory committees, but in great measure through her interests, many who came behind her did serve on boards.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=1452.0,1473.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e Do you remember what her name was?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=1473.0,1475.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, it was Blanche. She came to Atlanta as Blanche Oppenheimer or Oppenheim, and married Louis Aronstam. After that, he had two more wives. The third one he divorced, and the fourth one died. The fourth one was later. He was only married a short time to the third one. I think he was married about 10 years to the fourth one. She was a Savannah lady. They married and she moved to Atlanta. He died, he left her, she became his widow, his fourth wife, and moved back to Savannah after his death, and then she died a few years later.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=1475.0,1536.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e [indistinct: 25:32]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=1536.0,1537.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e I came to Atlanta via World War II. I was a naval pilot . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=1537.0,1544.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e That's a pretty good thing to do. To fly a plane as a pilot.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=1544.0,1549.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, I thought it was a lot of fun and very challenging and very interesting. In those days during the period of World War II, what is now the Peachtree–DeKalb Airport was United States Naval Air Station. In those day, it was the foremost research and training center for what was then called blind flying, involving radio navigation, instrument landing systems, radar, Norden bombsight, and all the things that were very exotic and were very highly technical and also very secret. This was highly classified. This was one of the principal facilities that the Navy had and I came here first as a student after graduating from the Naval Flight Training program in Corpus Christi, Texas. Then came back as an instructor and a member of the staff in Atlanta. During that period, I was taken as a guest to the Standard Club located then on the corner of Ponce de Leon Avenue and met my wife, Jean.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=1549.0,1649.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e Did the community here sort of take you in?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=1649.0,1656.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e They really did, they were warm, generous. First of all, I think . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=1656.0,1662.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e My in-laws always used to have people over for the holidays.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=1662.0,1666.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e I would say this, it was very interesting, first of all, the total community identified itself with the Naval Air Station in Atlanta. They identified themselves with . . . Atlanta was a southern hospitality to the ultimate, certainly as far as a military personnel were concerned. For example, it would be very difficult for me to go to a movie and step up to the cashier's window at the Roxy Theatre, or the Paramount, or the Loew's, or the Fox and say I wanted to buy a ticket, and for a cute cashier to say, \"No, you can't buy a ticket. Here you are.\" Then she'd also say, \"I also get off work at 9:30 about the time you come out of the movie.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=1666.0,1725.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e This is heaven.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=1725.0,1726.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e This is heaven, and the same would be true when you'd go to some of the little night spots like the Olive Room at the Ansley Hotel. I remember there was a little beer saloon in the Biltmore Hotel. It was very difficult to buy anything for yourself, because other patrons would offer to buy you a beer. It was really heaven. Or the barmaid would offer the pay for it. The same thing extended to the Jewish community, even more so. Getting to the Standard Club, I teased my wife of pretending that she was drowning and I jumped in to save her and we got to meet each other, and we started talking. She even said . . . \"What are your hobbies?\" I said, \"I love to play golf. As a matter of fact, I play almost every day,\" because our duties at the naval station involve either the morning wing of flying or the afternoon wing, we either worked six hours in the morning, one week, or six hours in the afternoon and evening, the following week. I always have a half day off every day, for the most part. I played golf. Believe it or not, the Capital City Club extended membership privileges to all the officers of the Naval Air Station because that was sort of a social thing to be a naval officer in those days. I played golf out there and had Standard Club privileges, even big Herbert Cohen. It was so convenient too, a lovely golf course. I met Jean Aronstam at the Standard Club and told her about my interest in playing golf. She said, \"I live right on a golf course. My house is right across the street from Druid Hills Country Club.\" She didn't tell me that it was restricted, and nobody who was Jewish could play golf there . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=1726.0,1866.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e There was a lot of Jewish families who lived around there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=1866.0,1868.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah, it is.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=1868.0,1870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e In that area. That was one of the first areas that had been . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=1870.0,1872.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e For many years, and I would imagine until recently, maybe during the last ten years, they didn't allow Jewish members. We laugh about that to this day. Number one, the contrived drowning incident at the Standard Club pool and the other one is offering, or telling me, she didn't offer, she simply made the statement that she lived right on the golf course.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=1872.0,1901.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e Where is the Standard Club then?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=1901.0,1902.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e The Standard Club was at 400 Ponce de Leon. It's now the site of the . . . I think it's a Shrine temple on the property. It's on the north side of the street. It's in the general area of the Krispy Kreme building. Then a number of years later, it moved out to Brookhaven. Now it's moving again. I had graduated, Pearl Harbor occurred in December 1941, and I was to graduate Stanford University in that class year. My class is 1942, that would be early June of 1942. The Navy had a program around the country to sign up college students who would be interested in the Naval Flight Program. They wanted 50 from each university and I signed up as one of 50 from Stanford University, this being in December of 1941. They set up what was called the Stanford Flying Indians, Indians was the mascot of the athletic teams in those days. The University of California had the Flying Golden Bears, and Wisconsin had the flying Badgers, I believe. There were about half a dozen universities around the country that the Navy flight program went after. Which meant that we simply went through flight training as a class. By signing up, you were assured that you would complete your four-year studies, your graduate program. You were permitted to graduate the following June, and the next day you would go into the Navy as a trainee.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=1902.0,2012.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e Is that what happened to you?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=2012.0,2014.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e That's what happened with me, right.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=2014.0,2016.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e Were you in engineering?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=2016.0,2017.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e No, I was involved in going to Stanford Law School. That's what I would have been doing but that was interrupted. I ended up in Atlanta, and by that time, I was a lieutenant senior grade, that's the equivalent of an army captain, and I had a wife. I knew too much to go back to school, and my father-in-law offered me, and really encouraged me to stay here and get into the family business. His other child was a son who had a similar but reverse experience. He went into the Navy and ended up in California and met a California girl and decided to stay there. He lost his son and gained a son-in-law as far as business-wise. There went a profession, and then I took some adult education courses in Georgia Tech. Different things interested me, night school kind of thing, not as an ongoing thing, but as adult education. I remember taking some at the YMCA downtown to better prepare me for the engineering, the technical aspect of it. I went to some manufacturers and industry schools and that kind of thing [indistinct: 35:17].","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=2017.0,2128.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e [indistinct: 35:19]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=2128.0,2129.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e Very much so.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=2129.0,2132.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e How did you all wind up California?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=2132.0,2135.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e My family? My mother was born in Seattle [Washington] and her . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=2135.0,2147.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e Was she Sephardic?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=2147.0,2151.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e They originally . . . when Roots became popular, folks who knew of this family would send me information, family trees. Only then . . . I didn't take any positive interest in seeking out roots, but they were thrust on me, and I found them extremely interesting.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=2151.0,2172.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e They have a Sephardic community in Seattle.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=2172.0,2174.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e My mother's maiden name is Genser, G-E-N-S-E R. Going back a number of generations, as far as I could determine, they were located in Turkey. They got from Turkey to England. My mother's father was born in London [England]. I don't know much about my mother's mother, but I think both of his families came from Turkey. They were married in England and then they got to Canada and then they settled in Seattle when my mother was born, and then they moved to California where I was born. My father on the other hand came over to his country from Poland as a youngster his family wanted him to escape the draft. I think he was about . . . he told me a lot of stories, and he was about 12 or 14 when he traveled to this country by himself and came through Ellis Island and was met by an aunt in New York. Then he sort of worked his way over the years to California where he met my mother, and they married. Having made a success in the retail furniture business, he then sent for his parents, and I think his mother died in the meantime, but for his father and his father's new wife, who in accordance with typical practice had married his wife's sister. Then his half-sisters were all born in the United States, my father's. He was almost a typical youngster traveling by himself in the worst possible conditions. The only thing I have are just wonderful letters that my father wrote his father as a youngster. The things that are so amazing about these letters are the respect, talking about . . . he addressed them, \"My dear father,\" and here's just a really, what amounts to nowadays, a little boy who would tell about what he was doing in this wonderful country. As time went by, he would tell them about his successes and how it would be very soon, and then he did. As a matter of fact, he bought a farm for his family, his father and his stepmother and his half-sisters, in California, where they all settled and they worked the farm while he was doing his thing in retail furniture business.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=2174.0,2349.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e It sounds like he met his father then when he was an adult.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=2349.0,2355.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e [indistinct: 39:13] Sure.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=2355.0,2356.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e How long was he . . . ?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=2356.0,2357.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e Probably ten years later. Yes, 10 or 12 years later when he met him again. The thing that really blew my mind was the degree of respect, child to parent.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=2357.0,2379.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e I just [indistinct: 39:40] He was strictly on his own.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=2379.0,2385.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e Strictly on his own, just almost in a sense was cast out.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=2385.0,2392.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e He made all the right decisions.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=2392.0,2397.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e Come to pass, my father, both my parents died at age 90, and that was about . . . I think about it, I should know, but about 10 or 12 years ago. I haven't seen it yet, but my sister, I have two sisters, both live in California, but one of my sisters established a memorial in the new Ellis Island Restoration Project for my father. He was the only one in our close family who did come through Ellis Island.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=2397.0,2431.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e It sounds like so much of your family history has been involved in just kind of a happenstance of the right kind of . . . the near drowning in the swimming pool at the Standard club, your dad just kind making his way out and meeting his wife, and it's just this coincidence of all the right things happening. Do you ever look back on that and just kind of wonder?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=2431.0,2458.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e I look back and wonder why didn't I . . . why wasn't I more curious? I was curious, I had a curious mind because I used to read a lot of books. I read excessively, summertime, school breaks, during school, always read I think that was probably because my father read, but I didn't ask him a lot family questions. Maybe I was too . . . maybe I was too busy reading Tarzan books. I don't know, but I had him, and I wish I had a tape recorder, which was not available then, or a video recorder. To be able to get your parents and grandparents, even if you didn't have a formal interview, just take pictures around the house, around the business, or the automobiles, it would have been remarkable.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=2458.0,2510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e A lot of times people don't know too much. I wonder if he was very talkative.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=2510.0,2514.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e He liked to . . . he would like to tell stories, but I don't think I had the then interest of asking the questions and they didn't stick with me. It's interesting that . . . I think that was a common thing. My wife says the same kind of thing and my brother-in-law, and my sisters say, \"God, I wish that we'd asked all the questions, so we'd know more.\" I think that the period when [Alex] Haley came out with Roots really stimulated a lot of this. I don't believe it ever occurred to people. First of all, as a youngster, you never considered your morality. Everybody's thought that there was immorality, and you'd live forever.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=2514.0,2592.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e Mortality.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=2592.0,2593.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e Mortality, excuse me, I used the wrong word, your mortality. But now as you get older and you consider your mortality you look back on it. I wish I'd had all this . . . my grandparents died when I was very young, I think I was maybe . . . and that was true of both sides of the family. I think I was probably around four, five, or six years old. All I can really remember is their coffins, their biers, in the living rooms of the houses, which apparently was an accepted practice at the time. It may still be to some limited extent, but their coffins with their bodies were laid out in the living room of the houses for people to come and visit, sit shiva, and do the various things. These were my grandparents, four grandparents, three grandparents and one step-grandparent. That's about all that I could clearly . . . that would have a marked effect on a youngster.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=2593.0,2678.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e What were the traditions [indistinct: 44:42]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=2678.0,2686.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e I'm sure there were, I know there were Jewish cemeteries and the rabbis presided. I remember it was interesting, and it was almost a place of honor for, I'm sure it was only a day before . . . but I can remember . . . I don't remember going to a cemetery, I am sure I did. Maybe not for all of them, but I can remember that first of all, for a young person to see a dead person, it was mind-boggling.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=2686.0,2721.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e To just experience [indistinct: 45:23]. Everything changes and you're not able to understand it. [interview pauses, then resumes] Tell me a little bit more about your life in California.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=2721.0,2739.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e It was very interesting. I was born and raised on the Monterey Peninsula in California.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=2739.0,2746.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e What were Jewish people doing there?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=2746.0,2747.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e That's interesting. The Monterey Peninsula is 50 or 60 or 70 miles south of San Francisco. I don't know how come, but my father was encouraged, he was in the retail furniture business wherever, and he was encouraged to come to Monterey Peninsula to fill a niche in that business. I don't know how he made the connection, but he was invited by a very prominent family named the Rudolph family, very prominent Catholics, and they had this magnificent furniture company on the Monterey Peninsula. They had, in those days, this was in the 1920's, they did design and decorating and equipped the big, beautiful homes in Pebble Beach, and the 17-mile drive, and Carmel, and the hills of Monterey. Some way they had met my father, perhaps, at the market in San Francisco, where they had furniture market meetings, and they said, \"You ought to come, too. There's a place where it's growing, and it's a very prosperous fishing community. We don't sell them, but you could. You could sell this particular niche.\" One of the Rudolph brothers was then serving as president of Santa Clara University, one of the prominent Catholic universities in America, if not the world, a Jesuit university. He did, and the Rudolphs helped my father in business. The Rudolphs helping the Cohens in business in this market and my father prospered and had three stores on the peninsula, which was rather small. I think probably the total population of that area was maybe 25 or 30,000 total, the whole peninsula area. [interview pauses, then resumes] . . . they're both younger, one four years younger and one six years younger. We grew up in an entirely Christian community. Most of the people were Italian, Catholic, fishermen, fish for the sardines was a big commercial, the packers, the canners were Italians and Catholic, big Catholic church. I would say that was 90% of the population. After a while, one other Jewish family moved into the area. We did not have, obviously we did not have a congregation, on the High Holy Days, we would drive about 20 miles to Salinas, which was the largest community in that county, where they had a little Jewish community of maybe 15 or 20 families and I think they would generally rent a hall facility from the Shrine. They would engage a traveling rabbi to conduct the services. I did not have an opportunity of going to a Sunday school, did not have Jewish friends because there were none. As a result, I went with my buddies who I played sports with to Catechism in the church, just because I wanted to learn about it. I was not a member of the church; we were Jews and known as Jews. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=2747.0,2981.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e Did you have a bar mitzvah?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=2981.0,2981.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e No, I was not bar mitzvahed and I was not confirmed. I was circumcised. One out of three. As I say, my Boy Scout Troop was sponsored by the church.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=2981.0,2998.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e Did you parents practice anything at home? Did they . . . ?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=2998.0,3001.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e No, no, we didn't . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=3001.0,3003.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e Did you have shabbat?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=3003.0,3004.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e No. We didn't have pork products in the house, but other than that, no. No Jewish practice. My parents did keep up and socialized with these Jewish families 20 miles away for birthday parties, weddings, and that kind of thing. That's when the kids would sort of get together. But those were sort of few and far between. My mother was raising the family and keeping the house. My father was busy, so everything was concentrated really on business and raising a family but not in a Jewish sense, unfortunately, so I missed all of that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=3004.0,3053.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e But you still felt Jewish?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=3053.0,3055.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e I still felt Jewish, sure, and when I'd hear any antisemitic remarks as a youngster, I would challenge them, man, I got in a lot of fist fights.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=3055.0,3063.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e How do you think your family was able to communicate that to you?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=3063.0,3067.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e We talked about it. We'd go to San Francisco, and I remember going on, I forget the name of the street, which was the street of Jewish restaurants, maybe Filmore, I think. We'd go up there maybe once a month. We go up there to buy clothes for back to school and . . . My parents had friends who lived in San Francisco. We'd go there to weddings, bar mitzvahs, and that kind of thing. We'd bring home bagels and corned beef and things. I got a lot of bloody noses standing up for the Judaism that I didn't know, but my closest buddies were not Jewish. I was sort of lacking; I was lacking that. In a sense, I never felt any antisemitism. I knew my family couldn't join the country club. When I went to university, I couldn't get into a fraternity.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=3067.0,3133.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e Stanford is not, now it's not a problem . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=3133.0,3138.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e In those days, I would say that Stanford had an unofficial quota, and I would say in the entire university in the class of 1942, 1938 to 1942, there were probably, I would think about 250 Jewish students out of a total enrollment, including the graduate schools, of about 4,000. They were not permitted in the fraternity houses. In Stanford was very high in fraternities and sororities. There must have been 35 fraternities all with their houses and maybe 25 sororities.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=3138.0,3181.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e How did you handle that?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=3181.0,3182.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e We lived in the dormitories. The good news was the dormitories housed the non-fraternity people and the non-fraternity people, for the most part, were the Jewish students. The Jewish students, because they had this quota, were best and the brightest. In addition to the non-Jews, those not in the fraternity, for most part were dedicated students who knew what they wanted. They wanted to go to engineering school; they wanted to go to medical school. They went to the university to get an education. Whereas, and I shouldn't say for the most part, but those who became identified with the sororities and fraternities were very socially conscious, playboys, playgirls, etcetera. Not all of them, true. We really had, I'd say for getting out of university, what you should be getting out of, it in my opinion, the dormitory life was an awful lot better for me.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=3182.0,3247.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e That must have been very stimulating.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=3247.0,3248.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e Very stimulating.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=3248.0,3249.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e You grew up in a small environment . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=3249.0,3251.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e That's right. All of a sudden, I'm thrown with a couple hundred Jewish kids literally from around the world, and we all lived together. That got me on the track, I should say on the right track. Although we were . . . because of my high school connections, I was always . . . other Jewish students were invited to affairs at the fraternity houses and asked to sleep over. Because I came from this community of mostly Catholic, most of my high school buddies, in those days, I would guess probably in that area, 25 percent of high school graduates went to university. Others went to trade schools or went to work. Most of my high school friends would go to a Catholic university. They'd either to go to Santa Clara University in California or Saint Mary's University. It was interesting, particularly during the first year we keep up the high school relationships. I would go visit them on weekends and stay in their dormitory, either of those two, and it was all Catholic, or they would come to Stanford and stay with me. I'll never forget, to this day, Patty, when I'd go to the Catholic schools, and we'd go to meals, we'd eat a common dining room. Whether we'd have French toast for breakfast, or a chopped hamburger patty for lunch, or something for dinner, all three meals there, would always be covered with a white sauce, sort of a white gravy, whether it was chicken or beef. The story was that's where they concealed the [indistinct: 56:06], these Catholic boys schools. To this day, whenever I'm served anything with a white sauce on it . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=3251.0,3377.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e Send it back.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=3377.0,3378.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e No, no, I take my knife, and I remove it. I've got this mindset.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=3378.0,3384.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, there's some people have a thing about tough fish.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=3384.0,3388.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e Fifty-five years later.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=3388.0,3390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e You have a thing about white sauce.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=3390.0,3394.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e The college experience was a delight in that sense.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=3394.0,3401.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e It really sort of helped you to define who you were, because you knew you were this person, but you really kind of hadn't had that experience.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=3401.0,3406.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e As a result, most of my, other than in Atlanta, that's another story, my lifelong friends are mostly deceased now because of the years that have gone by. My lifelong friends, were my Jewish college friends. It was a very unique kind of experience. I think for the most part, a lot of the students . . . not the most part, but a lot of my fellow students had the same kind of experience. Coming from a small town, from a gentile environment as a youngster, and then come to the University. But you really weren't a part of the University, you were part of this, I'd say \"select group\". Select Jewish students, and as I say, in the other larger group who were dedicated students who were there to study for a profession.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=3406.0,3463.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e I wanted to ask you, in your years of living here, how you [indistinct: 57:48]?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=3463.0,3472.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e My experience here was mind-boggling for a newcomer. Number one, segregation. I never had that, perhaps only because in our community when I was a youngster, there was one black family. I remember that black family, and I didn't know all about it when I as a youngster. The husband, and they had one son, and that was it. The husband was the . . . in those days called bootblack, we had one barbershop, but that was his business, and he was treated . . . Mr. Smith or Jones, whatever his name was, he was given all respect. He wasn't yelled at, I never heard \"Rass this, fetch me this.\" It's a working class kind of community. It's a working class kind of community.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=3472.0,3517.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e It's a working class kind of community.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=3517.0,3517.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e It's a working class kind of community. It's a working class kind of community. Working class. His wife, who was called Mrs., she did day work in various homes, Monday here, Tuesday here, and that kind of thing, domestic work. I didn't have that. University, I don't think I ever saw a black on Stanford campus. It’s changed completely now; you talk about 180-degree flip-flop. It's just reversed. When I got to Atlanta and the South, that was a real kind of shocker. I never heard or saw grits until I got here and saw a large black community and segregation, the back of the bus, and riding, and all that kind of thing. The other thing was the Jewish community. I was never . . . in college days, I was, because I would visit Jewish friends. I was brought into a part of a larger Jewish social background. When I got to Atlanta, very interesting, I went to the Standard Club because I was invited by a friend whose uncle had a big connection in Atlanta and invited both of us two boys at the Naval station, to come to the Standard Club. We met friends and they were very fine. Then when I was though my service in the Navy, and when I got into business in those days, it became obvious that there was segregation in the Jewish community, not unlike what I'd experienced at the university and not unlike the black/white segregation in Atlanta.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=3517.0,3623.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e Your wife is German Jewish?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=3623.0,3624.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e German Jewish, and that was the Standard Club versus the Progressive Club, Mayfair Club kind of thing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=3624.0,3635.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e The Temple.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=3635.0,3636.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e The Temple, right . . . in my recollection of Doctor [David] Marx, who most people revered, was that, and they joke about it now, but it would not have been unlikely to close The Temple on all the holidays, the Jewish holidays and that kind of thing. The German Jews were very much ghettoized in their own group, but so were the Russian Jews, because in business, in buying life insurance, and dealing with stockbrokers, and just making very close, dear friends who I worship to this day in this community, some deceased, and still living. They were brought up in a ghetto too. I'm talking about the Russian Jews. They didn't know any non-Jews, they never dealt with them. Their world was Atlanta Jewish and that was it. The people they traded with, they bought their groceries from, their meats, their this, who they communicated with, were all Jewish.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=3636.0,3707.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e Chances are their parents didn't speak English.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=3707.0,3710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e That's correct. The interesting part, when I got involved with this, and my father-in-law did this to a certain extent, he was involved with both communities. I would say one of the few German Jews who was involved in both communities, or one of the few Russian Jews involved. But then when I really got into it and became very close friends, my best friends, and we talk about things, I realized that how limited their backgrounds were. They didn't play with any non-Jews when they went through school, they didn't go to their houses, they didn't have any understanding. This went on . . . and then as they got older . . . they peeked out like I have; you settle. A lot of your friends are dead or maybe you become more selective, your interests change, you tend to get fewer friends. You grow up like this, and unfortunately, it isn't too many years when your list of friends gets smaller and smaller. Unfortunately, but that's life. It was just amazing . . . I've gone really from one extreme to the other. I couldn't get over the black/white segregation in Atlanta, and I certainly couldn't get over the Jewish segregation in Atlanta.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=3710.0,3799.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e That began to change though, once the [indistinct: 1:03:21]. What was it called?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=3799.0,3807.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e The Alliance.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=3807.0,3808.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e The Alliance, right. That was one of the institutions that was that was established, and people had more opportunity. From what I understand, after the war, there was a lot of intermarriage between the Jewish communities. Especially with the Sephardic community, there were . . . because that community is very close and more and more married Ashkenazi. I don't know how much intermarriage there was before. You became affiliated with The Temple at that time?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=3808.0,3840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, we were married and became interested in The Temple. I became interested in the governance of The Temple. I think, as far as The Temple was concerned, things began to change with Rabbi [Jacob] Rothschild coming in. Not at first, because I think it's true of almost any congregation, probably true of any church. When the old rabbi is still sitting there emeritus in his fixed ways, until he gets moves out, it's a problem. I suspect the same is going to happen to the A.A. [Ahavath Achim] and other synagogues.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=3840.0,3886.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e I’m keeping my eye on the clock.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=3886.0,3887.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, 10 minutes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=3887.0,3888.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e I'm wondering if this would be a good place for us to take our break and we'll pick it up the next time about your community involvements. How you've seen things change and what some of your ideas have been in the organizations and how you've seen them move forward. How Atlanta has changed and been more or less receptive in some ways.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=3888.0,3905.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e I might say this, we started on this, but Atlanta in my judgment, in every aspect has changed so much for the better. It really has.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=3905.0,3916.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e It would be great to have that on tape. If we can, I think we should make another appointment. [interview pauses, then resumes] . . . Maziar, and the day is January 19, and this is second in a series of interviews for the oral history project with Mr. Cohen. [interview pauses, then resumes] The last time that we spoke, we went into a lot of detail about your family and your early history and life in California and what brought you here. We had talked a little bit about your marriage and rescuing your wife in the swimming pool.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=3916.0,3971.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e She'll kill me for divulging that information.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=3971.0,3974.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e It's only on the tape, and I won't say anything to her if I meet her. We began to talk briefly about becoming involved in The Temple, and that's where we left off. How that came about, you had mentioned a little bit about Temple leadership, rabbinical leadership and how things were changing at that time. This was after the war, and things in the Jewish community were changing. Perhaps we could start at the point of how you became involved in The Temple and what drew you into it, because you really came from a family that identified itself as being Jewish, but did not really have the opportunities to practice.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=3974.0,4017.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e Right. My involvement with The Temple started as a member shortly after our marriage because the rabbi at The Temple at the time, David Marx, performed our wedding ceremony. About, I suppose it was in the early 1960's, The Temple was launching a capital improvement consisting of what is now known as the David Marx Educational Building. It's the existing Sunday school building and I was selected to serve on the building committee because of my involvement in the construction industry. Soon after, we started the work of the building committee, the two co-chairs, for their own particular reasons, lost interest or strayed from the nuts and bolts of what had to be done, it was, in a sense, left to me to take over. Shortly after that occurred, The Temple was bombed, and interestingly enough, apart from the tragedy of the bombing and all the elements that went into it, the area of The Temple that was bombed was going to be demolished anyway to provide for new construction. We had the advantage of not having to demolish. That's sort of a little sidelight that, in no way detracts from the seriousness of the bombing. Another incident I recall with regard to The Temple bombing has to do with the insurance. A new building had been built next to The Temple on the north side of The Temple property. I can't remember the insurance company, but it became the regional headquarters for this particular insurance company. Whether it was Fireman's Fund or Hartford or whoever, I don't recall. They were extremely good neighbors including allowing us to use their parking areas during the High Holy Day periods when parking spaces are premium. We told our insurance agent that at the upcoming anniversary date to be sure and place the insurance with that particular underwriter, which he did. I think it was just a few days or a few weeks, and before we had a chance to remit the first premium, The Temple was bombed and considerable damage, and I forget the amount, but in those days, it was really lots of dollars, probably several hundred thousand dollars. In our effort to reciprocate to our good neighbor next door, we in fact put them in serious risk. Before we even paid the first premium, the insurance company reimbursed us for our loss. That was one of those unforeseen things. We went on with the plans of the building. I was devoted a lot of time to the committee. There were many meetings as occurred on community work. During that period, I was then elected to the board of trustees of The Temple and served on it for a number of terms during which time I held various offices and rose to the office of vice president. I don't know that we still have that at The Temple, but at the time, we had two vice presidents, and the two vice presidents were not named as first vice president, second vice president. They were considered sort of equal, although they had different duties. After the president had served three years and it's time for a new president, one of those two would typically be selected to serve as the incoming president . . . I enjoyed doing the work of The Temple very much, particularly in connection with the bricks and mortar because that was my thing, that was my bag. During that period I recall that the High Holy Days, I was asked to sit on the dais with the rabbi as an official of The Temple. I got up there and looked around and I saw these very knowledgeable people in the congregation, in the audience, knowledgeable about Judaism and Jewish religion. I thought to myself, my goodness, I really better bow out and let my colleague, the other vice president, and just go public with it tell them, to the nominating committee, “When you are considering the new president, please don't consider me. It's a high honor and one that I would cherish but on the other hand I think on balance the other vice president was certainly more deserving.\" Perhaps for the first, maybe the only time, I told the nominating committee that I did not want to be considered for the presidency. I think I probably made the wise decision for the good of the organization.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=4017.0,4389.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e Why?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=4389.0,4393.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e He had a lot more knowledge and information and certainly could communicate on religious matters a lot better with the congregation, with the committees, and with the rabbi, certainly. After 12 or 15 years in total, I think that's about how long I served in committee, with the governance of The Temple, I retired and enjoyed my stay very much . . . since then I've been twice, two or three times a year Temple goer and had the pleasure of seeing my children and my grandchildren confirmed at The Temple. I think that concludes whatever light I can shed on my experience with The Temple.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=4393.0,4449.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e It gave you a totally different experience than you would have.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=4449.0,4453.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e That's right. What else can I tell you? You want to give me a lead?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=4453.0,4460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/187","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e Was your wife active in The Temple also, was it a family kind of thing?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=4460.0,4465.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/188","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e No. She had a very warm feeling because she had been confirmed there a number of years before. She would have been confirmed about mid 1930's. To this day, she jokes and also is sort of upset because in The Temple archives on the wall of the past confirmation classes, and I think in her class at the time there may have been eight students in her confirmation class, her confirmation class is the only one, for whatever reason, that did not have a class picture available to mount on the wall of honor. Each time we go to The Temple and pass that area in the corridor, she remarks, and she's made great efforts to try to obtain that picture but hasn't.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=4465.0,4541.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/189","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e Somebody must not like the way they look.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=4541.0,4542.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/190","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e Possibly. [interview pauses, then resumes] I'm searching for a date, a time frame, [Jimmy] Carter was president in 1976 to 1980? Is that correct? I think so.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=4542.0,4558.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e I believe so.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=4558.0,4559.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e Then [Ronald] Reagan to 1988, and [George H. W.] Bush to 1992, yes. Ready?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=4559.0,4564.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/193","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e Go ahead.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=4564.0,4566.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/194","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e I just remembered, I was recalled to duty at The Temple, I think it was in 1979. The Temple was to embark on a rehab program to refurbish its existing facility, not to provide new construction or new space, but to do a lot of cleanup, to do a lot a wall covering, painting, new seats, new equipment. Erwin Zaban, who was very interested in The Temple and still is, prevailed upon Bill Schwartz, who was then serving as ambassador, Jimmy Carter's appointment to Nassau [The Bahamas] and I to serve as co-chairs of the fundraising project. If I'm not mistaken, the total sum required was three and a half or four million dollars and we did. Bill had returned upon Carter's defeat in his re-election campaign. Bill returned to Atlanta, and we did that and worked very aggressively on it for a total of six months and were quite successful. Not as successful as we'd like to have been, but we raised a lot of funds, and a lot of money was spent refurbishing the existing buildings. I enjoyed doing that work very much. Met an awful lot of nice people, made a lot of talks before different elements of the congregation, people who I had not come into contact before, senior citizens, singles, young married couples, and different groups within the organization. I think that probably ran through mid-1980, and I know that that is the last official job position I've had with The Temple, except as a High Holy Day attendee.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=4566.0,4716.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e When things fall apart, is that when they call you in? Are you seen as Mr. Fix-It?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=4716.0,4722.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/196","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e To some extent. It seems that I'm mostly called when . . . I don't know, I really don't inquire, maybe other people don't want to accept the responsibility, or someone says, \"Herb Cohen will do it.\" They call me and I do it. I don't have any problem with that. I really like it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=4722.0,4744.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e Actually it's very nice within a synagogue to have a special skill like that, that is really needed because if they have to go out of house to do it, it really can create some problems. They're much better off with someone who has a personal investment in the institution, I think.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=4744.0,4759.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e During this period, 1980, I did come up with an idea that I thought was the greatest thing since sliced bread. Not original, but I wanted The Temple to have an American flag. A proud American flag in front of the building because the Jews owe an awful lot to America and America owes an awful a lot to the Jews. But I thought with that understanding it would be a great tie in and a great manifestation of The Temple and Judaism's respect for America. I had noticed that at the Temple Emanu-El in New York and at, I think it's Temple Emanu-El in San Francisco, and the Wilshire Boulevard Temple in Los Angeles [California]. These happen to be three Reform congregations. In each instance, the most prominent in those areas, the major Reform congregations, they did have great American flags waving in the breeze outside of the temple. I personally arranged for that, and I had to go through a lot of committees and talk to a lot people in the congregation because strangely enough to others, not to me, to others it seemed to be a very revolutionary kind of idea. When people started talking about it and thinking about it and people, for example, members of the congregation who had served in World War II, and other families and other officers and board members, they rallied around to it. I think everybody felt very good that we did that. Now we have a very large bronze anodized a pole out front with a huge America flag at the top with a very mean American eagle sitting on the top of the flagpole.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=4759.0,4899.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/199","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e Was that your idea too?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=4899.0,4900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/200","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e That was my idea, yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=4900.0,4901.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e To have a mean eagle?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=4901.0,4906.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e The next time you go drive by The Temple; you'll see that flag waving. It’s the only, to my knowledge here in Atlanta, it's the only Jewish congregation, Reform or otherwise, that has the American flag flying out in front.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=4906.0,4924.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e Does it fly the Georgia flag?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=4924.0,4926.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e No.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=4926.0,4927.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/205","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e Never? That must have been a whole other discussion.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=4927.0,4929.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/206","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e Never, it was never intended to fly the . . . Georgia flag, the state flag, or any other flag, simply the flag of the United States that welcomed our ancestors to the shores, and a lot of us. That felt very good to me. As I say, we had a dedication attended by lots of people. It was one Friday night. People generally had a very good feeling about it. Several years later . . . each time I drive by The Temple on Peachtree Road, I always, always look up to see that the flag is flying. Pride of authorship.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=4929.0,4988.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e Someone has to take it down and put it up again?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=4988.0,4990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e They don't. Apparently, that used to be customary and mandated that during inclement weather and when the sun went down, you took the flag down and, in the morning, you ran the flag up. But apparently that's not done anymore, and it's not done at The Temple. I wish it was, but that's a custom that has sort of gone by the boards, I believe. When I look around the city and all over, you see flags flying at all hours, night and day. You'd see them in front of used car lots and in front of Holiday Inns. They're really not taken down. As a sign of respect, I feel they should be. One day I drove by it was three or four years after it was installed, and I noticed the eagle was missing. I'm the only one who would have noticed that. The office staff of The Temple and no one else noticed it. I insisted that they get a replacement and put it up. About a year later, they put up a new one. I wasn't satisfied with the new one, but I wasn't going to make a big deal over my fetish.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=4990.0,5065.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/209","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e It wasn't mean enough?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=5065.0,5066.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e It wasn't mean enough, no. It was sort of a placid kind of eagle. I take great pride in America and its eagle. The eagles that I like and respect are mean looking. About a year later, after the replacement, some work was being done on the roof of The Temple. Would you believe, the workmen, the tradesmen found the old eagle that had departed from the top of the flagpole?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=5066.0,5099.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e It flew off.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=5099.0,5101.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e That original eagle had literally flown, I'm sure the wind had blown it. That eagle had flown about 25 or 30 feet, the distance from the flagpole, because the flagpole comes out of the ground, about 25 to 30 feet from the nearest roof area of The Temple. Here again, I requested and even insisted that they take the original eagle and put it back in place. It adorns the flagpole to this day.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=5101.0,5135.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/213","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e I have to tell you, I have never noticed the flagpole in front of The Temple, but I will now. I just don't notice those things.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=5135.0,5143.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e I have an aunt . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=5143.0,5144.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e But someone who gives such attention to public buildings would.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=5144.0,5150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=5150.0,5151.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/217","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e You'd be very sensitive to every detail.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=5151.0,5152.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/218","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e I've got great interest, sort of a hobby is architectural history, and I really appreciate the old classic buildings. The Temple is considered one of those.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=5152.0,5165.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/219","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e Is Philip Shutze still alive?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=5165.0,5166.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/220","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e No, Mr. Shutze died. I think he died about 10 or 12 years ago. I had the good fortune of meeting him and discussing The Temple with him and also discussing a project we had undertaken at the College of Architecture, Georgia Tech. He was just an absolutely delightful man, and I would like to think . . . he did not know . . . he was sort of out of it by the time that the flagpole came along and I think he would have been very pleased if I could have sat down showed him the flagpole and explained to him my thinking and why I pursued its installation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=5166.0,5215.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/221","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e Was he was alive when you did the renovation of The Temple that was started in the late 1970's? Was he involved in that at all?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=5215.0,5220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/222","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e He was alive at the time, but he wasn't practicing, he was [indistinct: 01:27:04]. He was rather frail at the time. The architects who did the Sunday School addition, the David Marx building addition, were Alexander and Rothschild, Cecil Alexander and Bernard Rothschild, who were both members of The Temple. To this day, Cecil serves The Temple as its consultant architect and advisor on art matters and architectural matters. He was one of the founders of the large architectural engineering firm in Atlanta, known as Finch, Alexander, Barnes, Rothschild and Paschal, or better known by the acronym FABRAP. They're both retired and they were two founding principals of the firm, both Temple members. Cecil particularly had an awful lot to offer historically because I believe his family came to Savannah during the late 1600's. He could authenticate and come in and advise on a lot of architectural issues.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=5220.0,5312.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/223","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e His family's been here for a long time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=5312.0,5314.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/224","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=5314.0,5316.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/225","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e I think The Temple is very unique for its mix of politics and religion and spirituality. I think probably much more so than other synagogues, than any other synagogue in Atlanta.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=5316.0,5329.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/226","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, I think so. As I say, when I started at The Temple, and it was under the direction of Rabbi Marx, who was a very revered scholarly man, he was honed to Americanism, along with Jewishness. That's why when you see, he had great input with the . . . he was the rabbi when the present building was built, when the sanctuary building was built. You'll see many, many designs through the building representing American architecture in American history. For example, there's a beautiful . . . [interview pauses, then resumes] . . . American Eagle scutum at the ceiling from which the eternal light hangs in the sanctuary. Many things of that nature indicating that this was America, this was the Jewish Reform Temple, but this was America. In those days, The Temple under his leadership, would not permit bar mitzvah or bat mitzvah. It was strictly a confirmation, religious school experience. A religious school experience that ended in confirmation. Then when he was succeeded by Rabbi Rothschild. When he got cracking, The Temple became, I would say, more traditional. Then with Rabbi [Alvin] Sugarman, it's become even more so. Now it really has a lot of different elements within The Temple, which is wonderful. They practice different degrees of modern Judaism, and I would say, if anything, the pendulum has slanted more toward what I understand the Conservative Judaism to be. Not that it's considered a Conservative religious organization, but we have bar mitzvah now and we have a lot more, we have a lot more activity with members of the congregations and activities among the Sisterhood and The Temple youth groups. Having said that, The Temple continues, I think, in my judgment, to be the principal liaison with the total Atlanta community, the total Atlanta community, or the gentile community. As you read in the newspapers, there's an awful lot of wonderful work for the total community, including the homeless and the hungry. For example, everyone who hears this would be aware that Erwin Zaban's contributed a large sum to The Temple in order for it to be able to open Zaban Shelter, which operates during the winter months, I'd guess four months of the year and provides 20 very nice bedrooms for married street couples. The results of that have been phenomenal, in the sense that a lot of those people who just had that little bit of help, so they'd have a place to sleep and eat, ended up getting jobs, being able to buy their own homes or rent homes. It's been very rewarding and very effective kind of handout or help. More recently, The Temple, along with eight or ten of the churches in the Atlanta community on The Temple property have opened what's called a Genesis Shelter, and it's for unmarried mothers who come out of Grady Hospital with their newborn babies a day or two after the birth; no place to go, who we found had been sleeping in automobiles, in salvage yards, and wherever they could with a newborn baby. They are taken directly to the Genesis shelter and taken care of there for the few days or weeks that it takes to get them on their feet or locate help for them. That first night or few nights when they get out of Grady Hospital with a newborn infant, they're not out on the street. Obviously, it's been my observation in not only The Temple, but the other congregations in the city, Conservative and Orthodox, I think it's wonderful that so much of the direction and the philosophy of the organization is a result of the leadership, not so much the lay leaders, but the rabbi. The rabbi can marshal the lay leader because there's always a lot of good lay leaders available who can step into line and execute and administer the things that the rabbi visualizes as being worthwhile not only for the congregation, but for Judaism as a whole and for the total community.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=5329.0,5693.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/227","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e He's really able to translate Jewish values into something that's meaningful beyond the Jewish community.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=5693.0,5700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/228","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, and I'm not suggesting that the rabbi of The Temple can do that to any broader degree than the other rabbis. Maybe more than some, maybe less than some. But he has done an awful lot, as have many of the other rabbis.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=5700.0,5722.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/229","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e I think Reform Judaism places more emphasis on doing good deeds or making the world better place than on ritual. That's where things have changed. We're moving back to more ritual because people somehow are looking for a spiritual, that indescribable quality that religion can provide for some people.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=5722.0,5753.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/230","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e It's strange and it's pleasantly strange for me to go to The Temple one few occasions I do and see so many yarmulkes in the audience. That was almost blasphemy 40, 50 years ago. Now it's just wonderful and everybody does their thing and that's no problem whatsoever. As I sit here and talk to you, I recollect one very important event that took place at The Temple in which I participated along with my wife and my grandchildren, or I should say two of my grandsons who were then in the religious school at The Temple. That had to do with the filming of the movie, Driving Miss Daisy. It took one full day, from 6:00 in the morning until 7:30 or 8:00 at night, to film the one scene, which in the movie, if you recall, probably lasted half a minute. It had to do with a Saturday morning service in the sanctuary at which Miss Daisy and her friends attended. Then they left, came out through the front door facing Peachtree Street and there was Miss Daisy's car and her driver, Hoke, right out . . . the car was right in front of The Temple he had pulled up. She, being a prominent Jewish lady in Atlanta who attended Saturday morning service, her car seemed to get up to the front of line. Behind it were other cars with chauffeurs. My wife and I and my two grandsons were in the sanctuary group, not a speaking part, just to sit there. The interesting part, as I say, it took all day long, because we did it over and over and had to set up cameras and sound systems. All of us went through the experience of wearing clothes of that era, the 1920's, 1930's, even to eyeglasses. They were so meticulous. The director was so meticulous about having everything just right. Hairstyle, the women had agreed to have their hair set and the men had their hair trimmed to reflect hairstyles of that era. As I say, eyeglasses, clothes, hats. To this day, I really enjoyed that experience. The director was a charming man, a young fellow by the name of Bruce Beresford who was an Australian, who was a very prominent director, an excellent director, and he was most famous up to that moment for having directed the Australian film, Breaker Morant. That won an Academy Award when it was done. Driving Miss Daisy won an Academy Award and as we all know the mystifying thing about the production of that film was that the only important person in the production of the film who did not receive an Academy nomination was director, Bruce Beresford. I recall the Oscar program, the presentation program on TV, and I forget who the master of ceremonies was that evening, it may have been Billy Crystal, who said, this is the strangest thing I've ever heard. This is the only Oscar-winning movie, and the actors won them, and the photographers won them, that did not have a director. Suggesting that must not have had a director Bruce Beresford did not win, did not even get a nomination for the part. The reason my two grandsons, who were then about 10 and 12, were in the movie. There was two or three rows of the religious school in the sanctuary to make it more interesting for all the participants. What happened is when we got a hold of the movie, I slow-forwarded the film so I could really see my grandsons because the camera was in the aisle and they're looking down the row of these youngsters and my grandson, unfortunately, was the only one, one of the two, who had his finger in his nose at the precise moment that they were panning the sanctuary. We had the delightful opportunity of meeting and chatting with Jessica Tandy, who you remember was Miss Daisy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=5753.0,6079.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/231","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e We actually just saw the movie because it ran on Sunday.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=6079.0,6082.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/232","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e Beg your pardon?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=6082.0,6083.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/233","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e The movie was on TV Sunday; I saw it again.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=6083.0,6084.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/234","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e Charming lady. There must have been . . . with The Temple members who served as the people who attended the Saturday morning service. It was interesting, there weren't many of us, but because of the way they could do camera angles, the camera showed that the entire sanctuary was full. That would indicate probably 600 people. I would say there are probably 40. It's just unbelievable, the way they can do the camera angles, it indicated that Sanctuary was full for that service. There are probably 40 Temple goers who participated in the movie. Then there must have been all of 50 or 60 production people, including the actors and Jessica Tandy, and . . . what's the name of the black actor, the very fine . . . ? Who played the chauffeur and Daisy's best friend, and all the other people involved. What they do was they have a . . . one of their big, big trailers was a form of a canteen where they actually cook meals and serve meals . . . you'd have about ten minutes for mealtime, and they'd break there. They had places to eat around in the big recreation room in The Temple. That particular day was Jessica Tandy's 80th birthday. The crew, the cook crew staff had baked a cake, a big sheet cake with lit candles. At the end of our short meal, they brought the cake in, and we sang happy birthday. This lady at age 80, who we now know was seriously suffering from cancer, got up and thanked everybody. Not only that, she cut the cake and instead of doing a ceremonial slice and then turning it over to someone else, she cut and served every person there. As I said, my guess is there were 100 or 120 people which I thought was just delightful.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=6084.0,6234.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/235","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e Is that a sweet touch.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=6234.0,6235.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/236","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e Just delightful.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=6235.0,6236.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/237","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e She wanted to thank everyone who was there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=6236.0,6239.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/238","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e That's right. But she personally served a piece of her birthday cake to everybody there. Now that's very unusual, that is unusually nice. We really had a great time. Another nice story about her, a lady in town, Alene Uhry, who was the daughter of Miss Daisy, and who is the mother of Alfred Uhry . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=6239.0,6268.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/239","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e Is it actually a true story?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=6268.0,6270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/240","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, very much so. It's a composite of true stories. The names, the activities, the scenes. For example, the scene where the chauffeur was driving Miss Daisy to a family fair in Mobile, Alabama. If you remember, the Alabama trooper stopped them, and he made a snide remark to his colleague, to his fellow trooper, \"That’s something isn't it, an old Jew lady and her nigger driver,\" that's in the movie. That took place on the way to Savannah. The family birthday or wedding or whatever that Miss Daisy was attending, and her chauffeur Hoke, took place in Savannah as opposed to Mobile. Most of the names used in it were names of friends of Miss Daisy, her name was Lena Fox. It was a delightful movie. Getting back to Alene Uhry, who lives on . . . who just turned 85, and lives by herself in her home on Paces Ferry Road, right near the river, just before the bridge as it goes over to Vinings . . . told me the story the other day that before the movie started, before the filming started in Atlanta, Jessica Tandy came to Atlanta and called her and said she'd like to come out and talk to her. She spent the whole afternoon with her, just the two of them, at Alene Uhry's home just so she could listen to her experiences as a youngster and tell stories about her mother and particularly listen to her voice patterns so Jessica Tandy could pick it up because Alene Uhry was born and raised here in the South, as was her mother, and I believe her great grandmother, her grandmother, and great grandmother. Alene told me she was the most charming lady. It was an experience she will never forget, just the two of them sitting in her den, having tea, and chatting, and Jessica telling experiences of her life. That's pretty neat, wasn't it?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=6270.0,6424.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/241","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, they're contemporaries. Was there a Boolie?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=6424.0,6427.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/242","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e Boolie was the name of another man in Atlanta. Boolie was the name of an attorney who died about 10 years ago, who practiced law until the day he died, age 94. His name was Albert Mayer. He worked with the firm of Arnall Golden and Gregory during the last 10 or 15 years of his life. But yes, there was a . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=6427.0,6448.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/243","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e Was he the one who was at Coca-Cola?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=6448.0,6451.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/244","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e No, that's a man whose name was Harold Hirsch, but he died many years ago. He died 50 years ago. He was in the founding group and the original attorney. He was a member, he founded the firm that subsequently became Kilpatrick Cody, that firm. I think truly that's my last heavy involvement with The Temple.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=6451.0,6477.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/245","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e Around the time that . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=6477.0,6478.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/246","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e Driving Miss Daisy was filmed, yes. That was just a . . . one thing that upset me about it, and this was personal, and it didn't upset anyone else, I wanted to be paid. I wanted to get a check. I wanted to get union scale or whatever you get for having a fill-in, a stand-in kind of thing, because I wanted to have that check. I wanted it from the film studio.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=6478.0,6513.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/247","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e You weren't going to cash it; you just wanted to have the check!","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=6513.0,6514.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/248","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e No, I was going to take that check and endorse it over to The Temple. I didn't discuss it with anybody, but I'm sure that was a mindset of most of The Temple people who participated. But I wanted a Xerox copy of it. That would be my brush with glory, being a movie star, but it didn't happen that way. I waited and waited and I checked the mailbox, I figured, I forget who the production company was, but I never got it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=6514.0,6552.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/249","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e You didn't get the . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=6552.0,6553.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/250","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e Then I started digging around and I indicated my upset to staff at The Temple, and they said, “It’ll come,\" or \"I don't know what's holding it up.\" They thought they'd get rid of me. I'm pretty I'm bulldoggish about those things and I didn't let it go. Finally they drew straws who was going to bell the cat. Finally someone in The Temple office sat me down and explained to me that the deal The Temple had with the production company, the production company was paying the Temple X amount of dollars for the use of the building and all of that involved. The cleanup, the changes they had to make. Included in that amount of money, and I don't know what it was, The Temple was going to provide . . . included in that amount, The Temple would provide these members who would sit in, sit on site, fill the sanctuary, and walk out with Miss Daisy as she entered her automobile that Hoke was polishing as the chauffeurs did while they're waiting for their for their lady. It was never intended that we got a paycheck, and it was alright, but that was a major disappointment. I'll tell you one other thing that was absolutely mind-boggling. The production company had arranged to hire these old classic automobiles, vintage automobiles from the 1920's and early 1930's, and apparently there are people in all communities major communities in the United States such as Atlanta who have these cars. Antique car collectors, who list them with a rental agency. Sometime when there's a parade or a movie to be filmed in Atlanta, and they need a 1926 Cadillac or about, the owners will let them use their car for a fee. That's how they got these old cars that they needed. The interesting part, when we came out of The Temple, onto the front stoop of the Temple, and these cars were lined up, and as I say, the chauffeurs always shine, they have a rag, and they're shining the hood and the fenders waiting for their employer to come out and get in the car. The great, help me with this, the great the black actor who was a co-star with Jessica Tandy was . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=6553.0,6727.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/251","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e I know, I'm trying to think.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=6727.0,6728.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/252","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e I'm thinking of Louis Gossett Jr. Anyway, he was shining the car . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=6728.0,6741.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/253","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e [interview pauses, then resumes] The chauffeurs were . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=6741.0,6742.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/254","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, but I was, again, trying to think of his name. I'll think of it before I go to sleep tonight, I won't . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=6742.0,6748.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/255","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e He was just in another movie, too, about being in prison, in Alcatraz.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=6748.0,6754.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/256","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e Freeman. Was Freeman his first name or last name? They had about four other cars behind him with their chauffeurs. When we came out to rehearse this, we emerged from the sanctuary at the front of The Temple, exited The Temple, my wife saw something that really shocked her, that the other chauffeurs were white. They had on their chauffeurs' jackets and their chauffers' caps, and they were doing the same thing. As Miss Daisy's car would leave, then the next one would pull up and they were white chauffeurs. My wife said to Bruce Beresford, who we called Bruce, who was just one of us, \"Bruce, you've got a horrible mistake.\" This man was so meticulous, as I said, we had to have our hair cut, our eyeglass frames changed, everything to be so realistic for that period.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=6754.0,6818.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/257","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e Morgan Freeman.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=6818.0,6819.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/258","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e Morgan Freeman, incidentally a very fine man. I didn't get the chance to talk to him. As meticulous as he was, one of his assistants was a detail person who was supposed to look after these things and be sure that they understood. This was probably in more in the late 1930's and early 1940's. I've been using the time frame of the 1920's and 1930's. It was about the late 1930's and early 1940's. They have a person there who the director counts on to be sure everything is realistic for the era. Would you believe my wife spotted this and Bruce said, \"Oh my God, I know that. Everybody knows that.\" There was no such thing as a white chauffeur in Atlanta, Georgia. That was in those days, chauffeuring was a position carved out for a black person. Maids were black and cooks were black. Bricklayers were black and hog carriers were black, and chauffeurs were black, and shoe shiners were black, that's just the way it was. They were going to do a film; everything is very precise except for the fact. What they did is they had some of the maintenance employees at The Temple, who they called on and they put on the jackets, and they changed it just like that. That would have been a horrible blunder. I know from time to time when you watch old films, and if you're not too intent on the story, you find mistakes like that. I think there's even been documentaries done on filming bloopers where things just don't fit, they're not right historically. In total, that was just a wonderful, interesting day. We went through wardrobe, as I say, we had to be fitted, we had to go to the hairdresser, the barber, and you just wouldn't believe the involvement of that film production. It was just very interesting educational experience for all of us who participated.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=6819.0,6963.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/259","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e I really kind of gather, in its own way, the story really expressed the history of The Temple and the community involvement and how religion interfaced with other problems in society . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=6963.0,6977.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/260","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e The most amazing thing that I think that no one contemplated, except perhaps the producers, was the fact that it would have worldwide interest. The live show played in Beijing, China. Played all over the world, played in Russia.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=6977.0,6996.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/261","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e Why do you think it is? Why do you think it become so popular?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=6996.0,6997.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/262","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e I would have to believe that it really is a story that affects all mankind. It so happened this was a Jewish application of a story, but I suppose that you could have done that with an Italian family or a Chinese family. I think that the message it imparted probably is a worldwide issue.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=6997.0,7031.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/263","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e Were there any other ramifications, do you think, for The Temple after the movie? Was there a lot of buzz about it?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=7031.0,7038.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/264","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e The Temple, obviously, was very proud. The Temple, Jewish people were very proud of the movie. Historically, they were very distressed that those kind of conditions existed, as we all are. But it was another period in life, in all of our lives, life of the country, life of the South.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=7038.0,7073.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/265","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e Let me just ask you, how you move into that area of politics and desegregating the South. How did that affect you in the building business?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=7073.0,7086.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/266","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e I'd say the most direct effect on us was the need to engage minority compliance or affirmative action players in our business.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=7086.0,7102.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/267","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e How did you do that?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=7102.0,7103.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/268","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e We knew people in the black community who were in construction and very good friends. They were already customers, and we entered several projects where we were partners. It was quite a lot of turmoil when it first started because no one had a handle on it. But it's really no problem now. Fortunately, black businesses have, I think particularly in Atlanta, have grown in stature, in competence, and financial resources. They are now our competitors. Those black owned businesses in many parts serve as competitors to our business . . . it was quite a transition. I recall this and something that I'll never forget. At the time that the Congress passed the legislation providing for the ML [Martin Luther] King birthday as a national holiday, we had prepared for that. At that time we were doing considerable advertising, direct mail, and in the community newspapers, the Atlanta Journal-Constitution, of our products. When the President signed that into legislation, on the following Friday, it was on Fridays that the Atlanta Journal-Constitution had space on their editorial page for about . . . not a quarter of an inch, slightly less than a quarter of an . . . quarter page . . . slightly less would be about 3/16, and on the editorial page. I don't think they do this anymore, that page was for institutional kind of advertising, and not for a Rich's sale, but companies who had announcements to make, an institutional and community value, were offered that space. I know the banks used it quite a bit. It's typically a bank would have something in there of importance about their bank or announcing a 50th anniversary. We took that occasion, and I'll show it to you, we have a reprint hanging in the lobby, we took the occasion to show a picture of Martin Luther King and to congratulate ourselves and our Congress for passing that legislation. Then we had thousands of reprints made, and we sent it to our mailing list of customers and friends, the friends being personal friends, civic people, mayors, councilmen, state legislatures, congressmen, senators. We sent out several thousand. I want to tell you something, Patty, you wouldn't believe some of the horrible negative responses we had. The only thing they had in common, they had two things common, they were nasty, and they were anonymous. People, can you imagine, people would write in or draw in watermelons and kind of thing and distort Martin Luther King's picture in this ad and send it back to us. Many would write, \"Take us off your mailing list, you Jew bastard\" or something of that nature.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=7103.0,7345.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/269","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e These were really all people who you had some connection with . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=7345.0,7350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/270","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, and they were people of some substance . . . maybe they belonged to the Ku Klux Klan, but that's a secret organization. We didn't know that, but these were business owners. They were, or people had responsible position in businesses that we dealt with, or they were architects, or people worked in engineering offices. The interesting part, they were so coward, they'd say, \"Take us off your mailing list.\" We didn't know they were because they never signed anything. They came back strictly anonymous. Now at that time, we were already a good many years into the effort to integrate and to change the country and the world because that holiday legislation came along in 1966, the mid-1960's. Brown v. Board of Education had already been decided in 1954 and people of good will had already were heavily into changing things. It was unbelievable. Unfortunately, my guess is today, we wouldn't get that kind of thing to that extent, but I'm afraid we would get similar reactions.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=7350.0,7443.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/271","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e It sounds like you have labored long and hard though to deal with those differences. Then some of the information that I have about you and some of your other commitments, and things that you've involved in. You've been on the National Conference of Christians and Jews and on the Better Business Bureau. Can you tell me about what the Better Business Bureau involved in?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=7443.0,7464.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/272","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e The Better Business Bureau really involved relatively little for me. The Better business Bureau for the most part is for retail businesses. The organization is supported by retail businesses, and they want to maintain a liaison with the customers. If a customer has a complaint about the XYZ grocery store or pawn shop or dress store or Rich's, they want to be able to vent their feelings and get off, so they talk to the Better Business Bureau and the Better Business Bureau is a non-governmental group and they have them in most of the metropolitan cities of the country, or all of them, and who listen to people's gripes. If the gripes sound reasonable and realistic and if they get enough about the same business, then they go to the business they talk to them and say, \"I don't know that you're doing anything wrong but at least there's a perception that you are.\" That helps the business. The Better Business Bureau really didn't fit our kind of business, we were selling to the trade, to general contractors construction industry. I forget who the who the president was at the time, the late president, prevailed on me to join and they wanted our financial support. the cap was, \"We want to put you on the board.\" That is how I got on the board, and I went to a few meetings and realized it really was not for us. I had other things that took my time, I really didn't get too involved with that. I have been very much involved with NCCJ, National Conference of Christian Jews for a good many years and I enjoyed it very much. I really got involved as my father-in-law had done many years before me and got me interested. I've been a member of this, which still is a Georgia region, for almost 50 years. At one time, I served as a co-chair. In those days, we called them co-chairmen, and, in those days, we had three co-Chairmen, a Catholic, a Protestant, and a Jew. I was a Jewish co-chairman. There is a professional staff, that headquarters in New York, the national headquarters. The organization does wonderful things, such as transmitting information and holding seminars in the public school system and the private school system, with police agencies, sensitivity training, law enforcement groups. Today, the organization has changed a great deal to include African-Americans, Muslims. Many trades are recognizing that this is just not Western civilization we're talking about. I still continue to be quite active. The big thrust now with the local chapter is what's called Anytown. It's a camp, summer camp, that our local organization sponsors. Each summer, they hold sessions at a summer camp, and they get high school students, youngsters who are going to be going into their senior year of high school and of all backgrounds, rich, poor, black, white, Jew, gentile, Asian, and they take these kids, take them off and the people who can help the camp are very skilled in handling sensitivity training. They really put these kids, I think it's a two-week session, and they put these kid through the works. After they get over the hoopla of being in a camp and singing songs and sitting around a campfire, they then take them off into groups and they literally teach them to be adversaries and not to talk to the Jew kids, and not talk to slant-eyes, or to the niggers. It's real and knowing not to even talk to them, not to even make eye-contact. Pretty soon these kids are so miserable because they've already had this warm feeling of camp camaraderie and campfires, but they're directed, and they're punished if they do make eye contact with their adversaries. After they go through this experience, then they are brought back together. When they leave camp, they are so close, and they have an understanding that is just unbelievable. They go through almost a Holocaust experience.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=7464.0,7818.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/273","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e Did things happen when you integrated your business here?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=7818.0,7823.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/274","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=7823.0,7824.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/275","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e Was there some internal things that had to be dealt with? Misunderstandings and understandings, and understandings about promotions, and articulating practices that perhaps hadn't been . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=7824.0,7840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/276","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e Our business traditionally, as was true of the construction industry and other industries, all the office was white. All the shop was black, except the supervisors and they were white. That was just it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=7840.0,7858.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/277","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e People really didn't think about it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=7858.0,7859.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/278","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e They didn't think about it. Everything was \"fine\". That's the way it was, and everything worked well.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=7859.0,7871.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/279","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e It was non-union?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=7871.0,7872.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/280","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e We finally had a union, and we had what in those days was referred to as a \"nigger union\". We were we were organized during a period, I think before your time in Atlanta, about 1960 when this union, the International Chemical Workers' Union, whose field was low-paid black workers. They had an open charter, they could organize anybody, we were not . . . the Chemical Union. They came to Atlanta, and they organized Scripto, the lead pencil company, the mechanical pencil company, which was a big company, and they organized our company, Southern GF, and they organized Crown Candy Company. Crown Crandy is a couple blocks east of us, and Scripto is over near Georgia Baptist Hospital.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=7872.0,7935.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/281","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e Were they all Jewish businesses?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=7935.0,7936.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/282","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e I don't know about Crown Candy, we were and Scripto was.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=7936.0,7942.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/283","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e My family was involved in Scripto.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=7942.0,7943.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/284","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e The Ferst, F-E-R-S-T, Ferst family owned Scripto, and been here forever. They had their own lead works and just everything. A very fine company. I never thought about that aspect, and I'm not sure . . . even if it was, I don't think it would have been by design. [interview pauses, then resumes] . . . about Crown Candy, it may very well have been owned by Jewish people, but I just don't know. Even if it was, I don't think the union set out to organize the businesses of three Jewish families. We dealt with the union and agreed to have a contract.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=7943.0,7986.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/285","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e Was Crown Candy also a family business?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=7986.0,7988.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/286","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e Crown County was a family business. Scripto was a family controlled business, but it was publicly owned. It was over-the-counter, local over-the-counter. The Ferst family had founded the business and continued. They had the majority of stock; there was very little owned by the public. They decided to fight it and there were a lot of marches. Daddy King, Martin Luther King, Jr.'s father, lent his help to the workers. It was pretty nasty; they had marches and demonstrations. Finally, Scripto apparently saw the light and agreed to a contract. We never had any trouble from the very beginning and that was never a black-white issue as far as running our business or anything else. It was a union management issue. Then when things began to change, we had no problem hiring black supervisors right from our workforce. That was no problem. We did have a problem in the office, and we had a large office organization. I might say that most of the problems came from the female employees and who in those days were all clerical. They didn't like it. Now there's no problem anywhere, some of our key office people and salespeople are black. Things have changed 180 degrees. In those days what I did was I had, and still have, a very good friend dear friend by the name of Lyndon Wade, who is the executive director of the Atlanta Urban League. That's a black organization that trains blacks, very positive organization that trains blacks to work into businesses then white businesses. Such things as elementary as coming to work on time, coming to work with your fingernails clean, with your hair combed, all the things we take for granted, and to train people on typewriters, and now word processors and fax machines. Wade was a very important and wonderful citizen of the city of Atlanta. He was the first . . . he was a member of Charter Board of directors of MARTA [Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority]. He was elected vice chairman of that board, but his vocation was he was a social worker and the executive director of the Atlanta Urban League. His counterpart in Los Angeles is a man named John Mack who you may not remember, but you saw many times during the early days of the O.J. Simpson thing when they were trying to . . . both the black and white communities in Southern California were trying to act responsibly so this did not become a racial issue. John Mack is the executive director of the Los Angeles Urban League, a very important man, as is Lyndon Wade in Atlanta, in the total mix of things of our American society. I went to Lyndon and sat in his office and told him my problem, that our hearts, my heart is in the right place, but I'm a victim of tradition and here I had this business, and this is the way we've always done things. I want to work our way out of it and get to where we should be, and I want your help so that it does not destroy our workforce, does not create a lot of animosity in the office or the shop. He helped me immeasurably and touted me on people who were then black people, who were very confident, very skilled, whether they were typists who were just as uneasy coming into a white business as our workforce was having them come in. That was quite an experience, but one that, as far as this company was concerned, went along very smoothly. We had some little things but on balance, it went along quite smoothly.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=7988.0,8271.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/287","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e You had a foresight to know that there were going to be problems.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=8271.0,8276.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/288","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e I had the opportunity of also having this good friend, Lyndon Wade, who trusted me, and I trusted him, and would not be conning me, would give me the right information, would not be trying to get me in trouble, in getting me in trouble, that is, with the workforce here. He was wonderful and he's also very knowledgeable. He understood these things, and to this day, he understands them. I can't think of anybody better who I could have gone to.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=8276.0,8310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/289","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e How did you know him?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=8310.0,8311.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/290","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e How did I know him? I met him through community work. He served on boards that I served on. I got to know him when MARTA was coming through here way, way back, five years before they dug for the first footing here. Before MARTA started operating, this MARTA infrastructure was in place as far as people, the board was in place. We had some, our company did, they wanted to have use of some of our land in the back of this property. I got to know him that way, and his children went to Lovett School, and my grandchildren went there, and they were about the same age as his children. I got to know him when the new airport was . . . the present, Midfield Terminal, his wife, Mrs. [Shirley] Wade, became the concessionaire for the ice cream parlors. Many things and working on United Way.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=8311.0,8384.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/291","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e Were you involved with that too?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=8384.0,8385.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/292","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, just as a solicitor kind of thing, going to meetings. But I can't remember how I first met him, but he's a dear person. A very fine man. I just don't know anybody in my lifetime who I consider any finer person than him.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=8385.0,8404.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/293","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e Who you trust.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=8404.0,8407.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/294","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, I trust. Competent and knowledgeable and understanding and tolerant, tolerating. Tolerating me.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=8407.0,8418.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/295","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e Should I ask you some more questions about that? What do people have to tolerate?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=8418.0,8424.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/296","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e How would you like to be a black person, and I never talked to him about his coming up as a youngster, but I'm talking about me as his adversary kind of thing. Isn't it terrible that I would have to go to him and even ask the dumb questions? That's really a put down to ask, it seemed to me, to ask a black person, \"We want to integrate and we want your help. We don't want to destroy our business. We need you. We want to help.\" He understood, he was not the least bit negative about it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=8424.0,8462.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/297","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e He didn't make you feel embarrassed.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=8462.0,8464.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/298","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e Not at all.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=8464.0,8466.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/299","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e It sounds like you really enjoy organizational kind of activity.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=8466.0,8471.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/300","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e I have.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=8471.0,8472.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/301","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e The kind of ideas it could generate with that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=8472.0,8474.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/302","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, pretty neat. You love it, you get to really broaden your horizons by coming into contact with the Lyndon Wades and others. Chinese people that I've come in contact within business, born in China. When I was at university, the one program, the one class, in those days as a freshman, it was mandatory: the history of Western civilization and that was the focal point of my university, Stanford University, and many others. There was no other world. There was Europe, and England, and America, and that's Western civilization. It was Greece and a lot of our heritage came from Greece and some from Italy, and England, our common law.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=8474.0,8538.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/303","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e You have a broad . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=8538.0,8539.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/304","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e There was nothing else, there were no blacks, and there were no Orientals. There were no Africans.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=8539.0,8547.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/305","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e Or Spanish speaking people, all that you have here at this point.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=8547.0,8549.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/306","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e Right.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=8549.0,8550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/307","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e When you came here, did you find that other people shared your vision or on your wavelength, or did you just kind of feel like a fish out of water?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=8550.0,8558.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/308","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e No. I really was. Listen, I was young, and I was married, and I had to make a living, and I had to raise children and all the expenses. I really wasn't . . . thought so much of it. I recognized the dramatic change. However, where I came from was not exactly lily white. Orientals could not own land in California. Orientals were brought to California to help build the railroads and manual labor. Chinese were brought to California by the railroad barons to build the railroad and they could not—and Japanese—could not own land in California and the reason was they were such great farmers, particularly truck gardeners they could rent land and work somebody else's or even be sharecroppers. They weren't called tenet farmers like they were here, but it was equally bad. When I was in grammar school, I had eight years of grammar school, there was no junior high school then, when I was a grammar school, I remember there was Fumi Tanaka, the girl in the class who was the smartest girl and I was the smartest boy, if I say so myself. That doesn't mean that I'm so smart, but the class wasn't that great. I remember the teacher asked me to stay after class was let out one day and this was a few months before graduation, or maybe several months before graduation. She said, \"You and Fumi have about the same grades and grade point average. I want you to be the valedictorian . . . \" It's high school because we had valedictorian. \"I want you to be valedictorian.\" This was the homeroom teacher, and that struck me as funny, but I wasn't opposed to it. That's great, how proud I would be but that was really a strong indictment of the times, especially her feelings. She made it quite clear that she did not want an Oriental person to be valedictorian.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=8558.0,8711.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/309","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e It sounds like you had a very strong sense of social injustice. How did you want to build the world into a better place?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=8711.0,8723.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/310","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e One thing I got a great shock, in Monterey, California, going through the grammar school and high school, all my buddies and my neighbors and my friends, I never . . . there was no such thing as antisemitism, because you can't have antisemitism with only one Jewish person there, nor any black, I told you there was one black family there. I was invited to everything, and my parents did not belong to the country club, but they were not in that financial or that social circle. They weren't interested in that kind of thing. It didn't bother me. I knew there were no Jews in the country club but there weren't any Jews living there. [interview pauses, then resumes] My parents were never denied access, and we'd go there as guests and that kind of thing. None, zero, zip, just absolutely no antisemitism. Then I, in 1938, in the fall, I start my freshman year at the University. I'm in the freshman dormitory and there are a lot of great guys there and a lot of people that went on to be world-class citizens, very important people. My freshman class at a very prestigious university and about a month went by after we got to know everybody and raised hell, and we spent a lot time drinking milkshakes and eating hamburgers down in the canteen, and all that kind of stuff, doing pranks. Bids came out for fraternity rushing and Stanford was a big fraternity school. I think there were probably 30, I think I told you, 30 fraternities on campus and a lot of sororities. My buddies would come and say . . . they'd open their mail and my roommates, we had three to a room, and the guys that lived in the next room and across the hall, they'd say, \"I got a bid to Phi Delta Theta. That's the one I really wanted.\" They'd say to me, \"what'd you get, Herb?\" I said, \"I didn't get any.\" I didn't know that I was not going to get any then. I didn't know it. No one told me . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=8723.0,8862.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/311","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e It was not an open policy with people?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=8862.0,8865.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/312","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e It wasn't everybody else, but . . . isn't that sad?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=8865.0,8868.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/313","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e That's horrible. You must have felt awful.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=8868.0,8872.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/314","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e If I was born and raised in San Francisco, a large metropolitan community, or Los Angeles, or a larger community well, I would have known that. Because everybody would have known—everybody being the Jewish community—knows that but I didn't know it. I did not get a bid, the next day they said, \"You'll get it tomorrow.\" The next day came, a week went by, and I didn't get any bids, but all my friends did. They went through the rush process. I got the word, obviously, and all my Jewish friends, some of whom knew about it, who came from the larger cities, and others who didn't. I asked them about it. They told me, that was fine. As I told you, in my judgment, particularly in those days, I don't know about now, but certainly the best students lived in the dormitories, the sophomore, the upper class dorms, after being denied any access. The interesting thing is having come through high school with people who joined, some who joined fraternities, having been in the freshman class, we continue to be friends. I was invited to sleep over on a weekend and go to their parties, but not as a . . . by some of my very dearest friends. Some of the Jewish kids became, nowadays they'd be called pet Jews, because I was invited to the Phi Del house and the DKE, the Delta Kappa Epsilon house, as did some of my other Jewish friends. They were my good friends, and we went, and we double dated together and did all those kind of things, but we knew we were not members of the fraternity. I'd say that remained pretty strong the sophomore year, then it declined the junior year, and then it declined even more in the senior year as you sort of made your new friends in the dormitories . . . it was a shocker. That was my first . . . I didn't learn about antisemitism; I was jolted by it. Then, I wanted to know why and then I found out that country clubs do the same thing, all country clubs. The people with the big wheels in the country clubs have perpetuated that degree of exclusion had come through the fraternity process. They'd gone to college, and they'd been in fraternities. They did the same thing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=8872.0,9042.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/315","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e How did you handle that, here though, once you were business, and these are people you were in business with?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=9042.0,9045.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/316","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e Here in Atlanta, Patty, I could show you letters. I was so pissed off about the whole thing. I didn't object to having a private club that established its own rules, and if they wanted to be a bunch of sons of bitches, who felt that arbitrarily, because of a person's religion, should not be in their country of club, that was all right with me. It was their club; they were paying their way. However, I did object to them getting tax breaks because they get federal tax breaks, they don't have to pay income tax. Not only that, but the members, for the most part, if they're in business, would get reimbursed by their business, paying their dues, saying it was a business purpose. Not only that, then, the thing that really jolted me, that I got involved with was when organizations, for the most part, political and educational institutions would hold their fundraisers at Capital City Club or Piedmont Driving Club . . . Our company, and personally, were big supporters—I'll talk about that later—of Georgia Tech and its athletic program and particularly its College of Architecture.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=9045.0,9138.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/317","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e We're going to run out of tape any second. Go ahead.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=9138.0,9144.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/318","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e I remember being invited to an appreciation luncheon at Piedmont Driving Club for the football team and the basketball team. It was an appreciation luncheon. I really took exception to that, an offense. Because here . . . why in the world, a lot of kids, not most of them, but a few of the kids were black. I don't think they were even permitted in the Driving Club, so they would be excluded as guests. I was asked to go there by a Georgia Tech organization, and I couldn't . . . I was asked to go there as a guest under their auspices and would not be permitted to join if I wanted to. Maybe I wasn't qualified for other reasons, maybe my social status wasn't high enough, maybe I wasn't adequately educated, maybe I couldn't afford it, but apart from those legitimate reasons, why in the world wasn't I permitted? Because I was Jewish. I went to see the president, I wrote a letter explaining that, then I went to see . . . I got an audience or an appointment with the president of George Tech, who was then Doctor Joe Pettit. Who, interestingly, had been the Dean of the College of Electrical Engineering at Stanford when I was there . . . or not when I was there, he's a younger man but subsequent to my being an undergrad there. I went see him and laid it all out and this man was so understanding. He understood, but he explained to me that you don't understand the powers and the pressures. The big wheels who serve on the Georgia Tech Foundation are the same big wheels; it's all part of the old boys club. I started writing letters. I got an invitation to attend a fundraiser at the Capital City Club for Strom Thurmond, Senator Strom Thurmond. This was some years ago, I forget which one of his elections, and the host was [T.] Marshall Hahn, who was the CEO of Georgia-Pacific. I wrote a letter to Marshall Hahn, sent a copy to Senator Strom Thurmond's office and told him that I would have been delighted to attend this fundraiser on behalf of Senator Thurmond. He was a Democrat then. It was held at a public accommodation, or at least a club, that I was not barred from joining because I was Jewish. I was sure that Marshall Hahn didn't know of these restrictions and I'm sure certainly Senator Thurmond didn't know about it, which was bullshit because they both knew about it. They didn't even think about it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=9144.0,9337.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/319","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e You were bold enough to bear the possibility of there being consequences for your business.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=9337.0,9343.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/320","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e Absolutely. Then, I made myself heard. I never got a response from either one of them. The good news is I was never solicited by either one of them again.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=9343.0,9358.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/321","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e Did your business connection with Georgia-Pacific ever change? I would assume that you didn't have any business dealings together.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=9358.0,9366.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/322","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e No. Then my other big thrust that I really got a lot . . . you can see by this time I'm enjoying these things . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=9366.0,9372.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/323","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e Right, but you're really foaming.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=9372.0,9376.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/324","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e I really am.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=9376.0,9379.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/325","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e I'm sure.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=9379.0,9380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/326","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e My sense of altruism is very great, very high, but I'm really enjoying this because I'm really knocking some heads and I'm making noise, and I am making people uneasy. Piedmont Hospital, about 40 years ago, moved to its present site on Piedmont Road, it moved from Capitol Avenue. My father-in-law, who was very friendly with Piedmont, there's a lot of illness, cancer, his wife passed away at age 47, my wife's mother. They had 10 years of dealings with the doctors at Piedmont Hospital, which was on Capitol Avenue and became very friendly with them. He gave them . . . they were raising money and he, at the time, he gave them the largest single gift for the building of this hospital, the original hospital and they named the Children's wing after his deceased wife. Many years later my father-in-law had died, he died in 1969. This would have been the early 1970's, a doctor, Charles Stone, who was one of the big name doctors in Atlanta, Piedmont Hospital doctors, and he was also chairman of the board of trustees at the time, came to see me for a gift. Knowing that the family had been interested in that. Doctor Stone came and told me how much Piedmont family had appreciated all that the Aronstam family had done and how interested they were in Piedmont. They know that we had used Piedmont Hospital doctors for many years. He wanted to find out if we'd be interested in making a significant contribution to the expansion. They had what is now the old building. They didn't have all the office buildings and the enlargement. I had recently had a physical with a doctor, a Jewish doctor, Piedmont doctor, Doctor Louis Levy [sp], now retired, been retired for many years. He was one of the earliest Jewish doctors who were approved to practice. There weren't many of them, but now there are many, there's no restriction. To that . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=9380.0,9546.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/327","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e There are some.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=9546.0,9548.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/328","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e There are, probably, I'd say . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=9548.0,9555.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/329","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e [interview pauses, then resumes] This is the last part of the second interview on January 19, 1995, with Mr. Herbert Cohen.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=9555.0,9566.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/330","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e Doctor [Cliff] Sauls, the President of the Board of Trustees of Piedmont Hospital, and I forget who the Chairman of the Capital Funds Committee was, he came down with Doctor Sauls and they laid out this story about what they hope to accomplish and reminded me of my father-in-law's involvement with the previous Capital Fund's Campaign. Indicated their appreciation and prevailed upon me to continue my father-in-law's good work. I left it this way, I told him that I’d talk to my wife, and we'd consider it, and I'd be getting back to Doctor Sauls. A few weeks later, I wrote Doctor Sauls a letter, and in the letter, I told him that we were very interested in Piedmont Hospital, and that we're interested in everything that my father-in-law had been involved with. That we would like to be a major contributor. However, there was one thing that was very disturbing, and that is that all throughout these years, since the founding of Piedmont, or shortly after the founding, I should say, that's another story, and to that day, that spanned probably 40 or 50 years, there had never been a Jewish Person who was on the Board of Trustees. I knew that there were some Jewish doctors on the staff, well and good. I also told him that I didn't expect Piedmont Hospital to ever compromise on the quality of its Board of Trustees, not to have a Jewish seat or to name a person because they're Jewish but certainly during this long span that there had to be some competent doctor or lay leader, who would happen to be Jewish, who also could make a major contribution serving on its board. Doctor Stone wrote me back and Doctor Stone said that he was very upset, that I was upset, and he wanted to assure me that there was no sense of depriving a Jewish person from serving on the Board of Trustees of Piedmont Hospital. He did appreciate the fact that I pointed out that they wish to maintain a quality board of trustees, get the best available people to serve. He acknowledged that. He said he did want to point out personally and, in his behalf, his senior partner when he was a young doctor coming into the firm, the senior and his dearest friend for many, many years until his retirement and then death, who served as Chairman of the Board of Piedmont Hospital for a great many years, was Doctor Cliff Sauls, S-A-U-L-S, and he said, as a matter of fact, his nickname was Ike. That blew my mind. I knew Doctor Sauls. Doctor Sauls was from a family who was WASPy [White Anglo-Saxon Protestant], big wheels, and the Driving Club, and the Society of Atlanta, and Piedmont Hospital for many years. It offended me the fact that they . . . here this man thought they had given him a Jewish nickname or a Jewish sounding nickname, Ike. This Doctor Stone indicated that Ike was like calling him Abe and the reason they did it was pretty offensive to me, because his last name was Saul.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=9566.0,9809.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/331","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e He wasn't Jewish?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=9809.0,9810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/332","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e Never Jewish.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=9810.0,9813.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/333","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e Did this other doctor think he was?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=9813.0,9814.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/334","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e No, he didn't think he was, but he wanted me to know that they had a man who was a big wheel at Piedmont who had a Jewish sounding last name, and they expanded that by giving him a Jewish-sounding nickname. That blew my mind. I couldn't believe that a doctor, doctors are supposed to be pretty smart and understanding, would have that kind of a mindset. Let alone write me that kind of a letter. I just wrote him a letter which ended everything. I said, \"Doctor Sauls,\" I forget what he was, he was a cardiac guy or an orthopedic surgeon, I said, \"You missed your specialty. With your tunnel vision, you should have been a proctologist.\" I wrote that in the letter, and that's the last I heard about it. I might tell you, post-script to this day, to January 19, 1995, there has never been a Jew on the Board of Trustees at Piedmont Hospital. Isn't that unbelievable?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=9814.0,9881.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/335","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e It seems to be very tight, I know there are a number of physicians who are there, and I think it's a pretty tight, socially very tight. [indistinct: 2:44:53] I think its tight. Atlanta has historically been very tight . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=9881.0,9902.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/336","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e Sure.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=9902.0,9903.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/337","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e . . . With the Symphony and everything else, it's changing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=9903.0,9906.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/338","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e It's changed dramatically. Getting back to the clubs, we had decided that we had a lot of friends, business friends, and social friends who were members of these clubs and whenever we were invited on a strictly social basis we would go just as they'd invite us to their home.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=9906.0,9929.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/339","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e You told me the last time, because it sounds like working out these issues is very important to you. You told me you had a Christmas tree in your house.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=9929.0,9938.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/340","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e We did.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=9938.0,9940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/341","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e Tell me about that. How did you . . . ?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=9940.0,9942.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/342","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e That was because my wife, I was not, my wife was raised with a Christmas tree, and her parents' friend, all had Christmas trees for the youngsters. They didn't consider it a religious holiday or religious, or religious theme. They did it because they put presents under the tree and they did that kind of thing. My wife, when we married and our little kids came along, we had a Christmas tree for them. It was a very fun time the next morning when Santa Claus had come and other friends had left presents under the tree. But sometime after that, when our children became adults and they had children, they cut it out. They didn't do it because things had already started changing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=9942.0,9995.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/343","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e There was really a very strong mindset in Atlanta about expectations, even within the Jewish community. You're not the first family that I know of who's had Christmas trees. I have a friend who has a Christmas tree every year.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=9995.0,10008.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/344","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e Regarding country clubs, I didn't have any interest in joining these clubs. I belonged to the Standard Club, and I was very interested in the governance, and I'm a past president, and was an avid golfer, and I retired from that because of a bad back a good many years ago. I had no interest in joining these club as I didn't have any interest in sitting in the back of the bus or sitting in the front of the bus. But I didn't want to be told that I couldn't sit in the front of the bus. The strange thing, I helped get many businesspeople into membership in these clubs that I couldn't join. People would come to town, or I would get friendly with, business and socially, who wanted to join some of these restricted clubs. They were not Jewish. They knew that I knew the president of the C\u0026S [Citizens and Southern National] Bank was a friend of his who was on the membership committee of these clubs. They would want me to write letters of endorsement or call them on the phone and say, \"So and so is a first class guy. You really ought to have him. He wants to join and I know his family.\" I would help get others into the club that I could not join. We would have dinner and go to the clubs on a personal basis as they would invite us into their home, but I would not go to any official function at these clubs. Each time I not only declined the invitation, but I would always, always write a letter explaining why every time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=10008.0,10115.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/345","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e That is a very gutsy thing to do.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=10115.0,10118.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/346","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e I don't know, just to decline and harbor the thoughts seems to me that it's not productive. Maybe the other was even counterproductive, I don't know, but at least I got some attention. The good news is all the clubs now have, I wouldn't call it an open door policy, but they take a sprinkling of Jews and maybe blacks who want to join. That's fine.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=10118.0,10148.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/347","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e For you, the issue was personal choice.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=10148.0,10151.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/348","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e It was personal choice, and I . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=10151.0,10154.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/349","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e Freedom to be an American.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=10154.0,10155.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/350","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e I might say that business wise, I never felt any sanctions because a lot of people we did business with that had these big companies, big contractors, they belonged to these clubs. I would talk to them. I didn't go on a campaign trail and go and enlist these people and say, \"You got to do this. You're doing wrong. You got to work on it.\" I simply stated my feeling and why I will not come to your party. I didn't try to change things. If they wanted to change things, good, but that was up to them. I didn't go to somebody else's house and say you should do it this way.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=10155.0,10196.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/351","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e You just wanted to make sure that when it came to you, where you stood.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=10196.0,10201.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/352","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e They understood why I would not participate and where I stood.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=10201.0,10202.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/353","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e I think that's terrific. Some of that gets you involved in the American Jewish Committee?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=10202.0,10207.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/354","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e Very much, yes. Here again, I got involved in the American Jewish Committee, and the chapter movement started in the 1940's, and I was here then. [interview pauses, then resumes] . . . the beliefs and workings of the American Jewish Committee very much parallel what I just laid out to you. They're probably more aggressive than I personally would be, but rightly so because they have the clout and the prestige to do this on a national basis. They've taken a strong position concerning discrimination, not only for Jews, but for all minorities, women. Very interesting, I belong to the downtown Kiwanis Club and have since 1980. The Kiwanis International, as most service organizations, Rotary and others, have not permitted women to join. I don't know how long they've allowed Jews, for many, many years, I'm sure. Women know, women were never allowed to join the Kiwanis International, or any of their clubs. A number of years ago, around five, six, seven years ago, approximately, there was a vote. There was already some stirrings where women were standing up. Why not service clubs? The downtown Kiwanis Club voted against allowing women, probably 90 percent to 10 percent. I was among the vocal minority. But that was a waste of time, because the old guard was in there, and they liked it. They weren't anti-woman; it was a boys' organization. There was a classic Supreme Court case, I believe, that emanated from Birmingham, Alabama involving Rotary. I'm not sure it had gone to the Supreme Court; I think it had gone to the Appellate Court. A woman or a group of women sued the Birmingham Rotary Club for admission. The court's found in their favor. There was another vote held at the Kiwanis, this is a few years later after the first vote, and I made the pitch and the point that look, it's going to come, and we'd be crazy if we didn't go out and seek women right now. Because we're going to have to do it, all the clubs are going to do it. If you wait, then you're going to get a pot of luck as far as which women you want. These clubs, Kiwanis, Rotary, and others, they want to see the best members they can, the most prominent, the movers and shakers in their community. I said, \"Now we'll get the jump on the Atlanta Rotary club so we can go and get these great women.\" Right off the bat, even without getting the best women, if you bring women into the organization, the organization is better by a long shot. Let's say you had the top 20 percent of the men, that's great of all the available men. We had the top 20 percent, that's wonderful. But then you throw all the women in, now you get the top 20 percent of all the men and all the women, then you have a much better club. That's just a mathematical truism. If we're the only one soliciting women . . . they voted in favor of getting women in right now rather than wait for it to become the politically correct thing to do or the mandated thing, the Downtown Atlanta Kiwanis Club. I hope I'm not sounding like I'm taking credit for all this because there are others who were really had a lot more clout in the Atlanta Kiwana's Downtown Club, which is the largest and most prestigious of the Kiwanis in this area, and we really got the jump and have just super Atlanta women involved, both black and white.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=10207.0,10473.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/355","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e That sounds like you've really enjoyed that role of being the conscience for a lot of groups.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=10473.0,10478.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/356","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e I really have. I never thought about . . . it really never occurred to me that I was doing the right thing for people. I think part of it was probably the devil in me. I like to upset people because I go to a lot of meetings and see a lot of customers and all that kind of thing, where the status quo is just so status quo-y. It never even occurs to them that it's the wrong thing. It never even occurred to them. They're not doing it because they want to be negative or because they just want to have their way. It's always been that way.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=10478.0,10522.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/357","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e Who do you think you got that from?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=10522.0,10523.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/358","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e I don't know.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=10523.0,10524.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/359","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e That desire to always question and . . . ?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=10524.0,10525.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/360","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e I'll say this, my mother was pretty feisty.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=10525.0,10526.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/361","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e Is that right? You didn't tell me about that the last time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=10526.0,10530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/362","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes. She was a pretty feisty lady.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=10530.0,10535.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/363","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e Outspoken?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=10535.0,10536.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/364","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e Next time, remind me. Are we going to meet again? I really want . . . I've got a lot . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=10536.0,10542.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/365","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e I've decided to stop because we have a whole other area to get into and that is the family involvement with Georgia Tech and some other community activities, and we've been taping for almost two hours. We'll make another appointment. [interview pauses, then resumes] . . . Maziar, I'm meeting with Mr. Herbert Cohen. We're meeting for the Jewish Oral History Project, National Council of Jewish Women, and the American Jewish Committee. This is our third interview. The date today is January 27, 1995. There were several projects that Mr. Cohen has been involved with in the community that we wanted to get to today. One of them that you had mentioned was your involvement with Gate City Lodge.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=10542.0,10593.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/366","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e No, it's not Gate City Lodge. It's a United Way agency of a venerable and highly respected agency known as Gate City Daycare Centers Association. [interview pauses, then resumes] This Gate City is an organization founded about the turn of the century, maybe 1902, by a group of young black ladies in Atlanta, and they were then probably considered maybe the equivalent of a Junior League or a National Council of Jewish Women type thing. They got involved with developing and overseeing nurseries for working parents. It continues to this day. Now there are men involved, and it's still principally dominated by minority women. I think there's been some big name black leaders who have served on its board and served in its leadership. Today it has, I believe, nine daycare centers principally in the Fulton County area, the city of Atlanta area. Some of these daycare centers are in the housing projects, and it provides care for working parents who drop their kids off or the kids are picked up by the bus. Generally, the parents . . . if I'm not mistaken, the tuition amounted to about $35 a week. For those parents who couldn't afford that, they paid what they could, and the balance was subsidized by scholarship, money from United Way and money from other principally business and foundation contributors. It's really an independent, very worthwhile project organization, and it trains kids, develops them, and for the most part, I'd say it's sort of a pre-kindergarten type of training. I was asked to serve on that board about 20 years ago and did so continuously until about two years ago when I started retrenching as far as volunteer activities. I enjoyed it tremendously. I met a lot and worked with a lot of very fine people.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=10593.0,10768.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/367","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e Do you remember who approached you?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=10768.0,10770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/368","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e The person who contacted me was a customer of ours, a minority, a contractor, a man by the name of Joseph Jett, who is a very fine man and one of the most respected individuals then in the black community. I think he's now deceased. He was a wonderful friend and just a very fine man. He had spent a lot of time with that organization and prevailed on me to take part in it. There were maybe one or two non-black board members including me. The leadership and many of the ladies who served on it were part of the faculty, or spouses of faculty, or administrative members of the Atlanta University systems, including Spelman [College] and Clark [Atlanta University] and Morehouse [College]. Without the board list in front of me, I really can't remember the names, but we had research scientists and PhDs. It really broadened my horizons, and I like to think because I was re-elected numerous times, re-elected to that board, that I made a contribution to its success. It continues, and it's covered in the paper, you can read about in the papers from time to time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=10770.0,10864.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/369","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e What do you think was Mr. Jett's agenda in having you on the board?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=10864.0,10869.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/370","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e We got to know each other business wise. He came up and visited our offices from time to time to talk business and buy materials from us. I think we established a good off-business rapport, chatting and we'd have lunch together once in a while. He just thought that I could bring a non-minority, perhaps, slant and maybe a little bit of business or financial expertise to the organization because . . . . it was 70 years old when I joined up, it was sort of loosely run and that was my involvement.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=10869.0,10928.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/371","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e It's important, because a lot of these organizations need to have more a more professional . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=10928.0,10930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/372","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e When I got there, I might say programmatically, it was excellent. The daycare centers were operating beautifully. They had teachers and caretakers in place at each one of the centers, and they fed a meal to the youngsters, bussed them, or as I say, the parents dropped them off and picked them up. But we had our own busses, Gate City had its own busses, and still does, I'm sure. The headquarters were in a rehabilitated church, sort of a modern church. I don't know why the congregation moved out, out on Cascade Avenue. I forget the exact address, but it was generally in the area of the entrance to Greenwood Cemetery. Another one of my responsibilities was to help make the annual pitch to the United Way committee, allocations committee, for the organization and it was very rewarding that so often we prevailed and got what we asked for or near to it. We would have one or two socials a year that my wife and I were invited to and attended. The youngsters would provide programming for these adult socials for the board and spouse members. It was a very rewarding experience. I'll never forget, one of the things that I liked very much was a board meeting that we had at the Herndon Home just off of Fair Street in the area of the Atlanta University and it's still in place, and as a matter of fact, the exhibit continues at the new Atlanta History Center right now, along with the Jewish . . . along with The Federation exhibit. I think the Herndon exhibit is going to be winding up this year, as is the Federation's exhibit. Apart from meeting at Gate City's headquarters from time to time, we would meet at the daycare centers in the field so we'd get a first-hand idea of what was going on, see the youngsters being trained and looked after, and also eating meals with them, so we could review and criticize, if necessary, the affair that was being served. I might say the meals were just absolutely excellent, delicious.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=10930.0,11103.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/373","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e It sounds like it really must have had a very family kind of feeling because it was such an immediate, it sounds like a volunteer group that really was involved in something so immediate.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=11103.0,11113.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/374","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e Very warm, yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=11113.0,11115.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/375","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e It benefited people really with their very basic needs and it must have been very gratifying.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=11115.0,11121.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/376","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e Right. It was interesting meeting these folks. Apart from serving youngsters, it was interesting meeting and talking to my colleagues on the board because of their involvements in the community, and in the South, and in world. As I say several were PhDs, there were some research scientists, all had been at one time or another and to one extent or another very interested in the NAACP and Civil Rights and had a lot of stories to tell about their experiences and the experiences of their predecessors and their ancestors.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=11121.0,11174.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/377","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e Were you part of the American Jewish Committee at this time?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=11174.0,11176.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/378","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, at [indistinct: 3:06:17].","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=11176.0,11177.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/379","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e They must have known about the working with [indistinct: 3:06:19]?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=11177.0,11181.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/380","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e Some did, because . . . some of the board members were exclusively occupied with a black agenda in their community. Others were involved in community wide agenda. For example, one of the principals was the Myrtle Davis. Who went on to become a Council lady and now serves as one of the directors of Expo '96. I might tell you about my experience with Myrtle Davis, I think that'd be interesting.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=11181.0,11223.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/381","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e Go ahead.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=11223.0,11224.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/382","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e About 1980, Doctor Cleveland Dennard, the late and great president of Atlanta University, now Clark Atlanta, Doctor Dennard, as I say, died a few years ago, really at a relatively young age, late 50's, called me at home on a Sunday, and I had been introduced to him at one time. He said he'd like for me to come out to his office on the Atlanta University campus, and he'd liked for me to meet Mrs. Davis, Mrs. Myrtle Davis and I said, \"I know Mrs. Davis slightly for reason of serving with her on the board of Gate City Daycare Centers. \"That'd be delightful. You come on out.\" We made an appointment and I was to come out Tuesday or Wednesday and I got on the campus and frankly, I'd never been on the campus and didn't know my way around, strangely enough I ran into a real good friend of mine and one of the powerhouses in Atlanta, a man by the name of Billy Sterne, who was a retired CEO of Trust Company in Georgia, and the Sterne name is legendary in Atlanta. He was serving in retirement as an adjunct professor at the business school at Atlanta University, which was certainly a worthwhile endeavor during retirement years. Mr. Sterne has since passed away. I got to Doctor Dennard's office and sat with he and Myrtle and Doctor Dennard says, \"Listen, we've heard about your skills and fundraising for American Jewish Committee and other things that you're interested in, and I want to tell you a secret. This is not announced yet, but Myrtle Davis is going to be running citywide for the citywide post for the Atlanta City Council in the upcoming election.\" I think this was about 1979 or 1980, and she's going to take on no less than Q.V. Williamson. Mr. Williamson had been elected and re-elected. If you remember, he was the first minority councilman to serve on the Atlanta City Council. It was snow white until then. He had served for 12 or 14 years. He had a lot of clout; he was a powerful incumbent. He told me that Myrtle was going to take him on because principally the black community or the white community was not very enthralled with Mr. Williamson. Doctor Dennard asked if I would serve as co-chairman of the finance committee. I met a nice . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=11224.0,11404.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/383","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e That's nice news to be greeted with.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=11404.0,11409.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/384","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e The other co-chair was to be a chaplain, and subsequently a very fine young black dentist by the name of Doctor Bruce Shropshire, who . . . we loved to talk golf because he was an avid golfer. Subsequent to this meeting we became quite friendly. I explained to Doctor Dennard that I was number one, apolitical, and number two, I had never served on a political campaign ever in any capacity. Doctor Dennard, I never will forget, put me at great ease and he says, \"You’ll do great because Myrtle has never run for political office either.\" His \"logic\" prevailed and I undertook it and had a wonderful time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=11409.0,11459.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/385","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e You're never afraid of a challenge, you took it on, that's all he had to say.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=11459.0,11466.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/386","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e Spent quite a bit of time, met a lot of fine people. Guess what? We beat Williamson's socks off. Myrtle trounced him and then went on to . . . I think she went, after that, won five or six endorsement terms.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=11466.0,11484.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/387","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e Let me ask you, as finance chairman, were you also responsible for doing some fundraising and adding to the community?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=11484.0,11489.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/388","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e I should have corrected that. This was fundraising. I was not involved in bookkeeping or that kind of thing. It was involved with fundraising. I was co-fundraising chairman.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=11489.0,11501.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/389","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e The expectation of having you involved was that you would go out to the white community?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=11501.0,11505.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/390","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e That's correct, that's right. We did very well, and we raised a lot of money, and it was just a piece of cake. We didn't need big money because number one, in those days, you didn't you didn't need great amount of funds, several thousand dollars would do it. It's not like it's going now, there was no there was no television, we didn't use television. We used the print media and direct mail. Myrtle made a lot of speeches all over throughout the district, throughout the city because there are six city-wide posts and this is for one of them. I wrote a letter, I remember, to a lot of people, a lot of friends, mailing lists that I've known over the years and accumulated. First of all, I had accumulated the mailing list and expanded this. I never asked for political funds. I'd never been involved before and I could attest for the candidate. How about help me out? You wouldn't believe the number of $100 checks I got, just came back. Winning was the real rewarding part of it, besides working on it, meeting a lot of fine people, the idea of winning. Then I retired from fundraising for political purposes. I've never done it since. But I might say Myrtle Davis and I have become very dear friends, I just love her, over the years.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=11505.0,11601.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/391","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e She was just involved in the . . . Didn't she just run for office?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=11601.0,11605.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/392","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, she ran for mayor. She ran for Mayor, and when she was defeated in the primary, she then endorsed Mayor [Bill] Campbell, then to become Mayor Campbell. He appointed her to this position to be the city's representative in the administration of what's been named Expo '96, that will be 25 acres downtown, alongside Centennial Park. Expo '96 is going to be in the area on Spring Street, where Mitchell Motors was and Boomershine Pontiac. As Myrtle told me, it's going to provide for the world's largest tailgate party. It's going to run the entire year of 1996 and hopefully will run after that. It will have ground level consulate offices for the foreign visitors to come they won't have to be looking for a high-rise building, these offices will be open night and day and weekends.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=11605.0,11668.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/393","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e They're going to be built?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=11668.0,11670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/394","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e There'll be a lot of new construction, but they're going to rehab the Boomershine building and the Mitchell Motor building, they're very large. They'll be able to serve their citizens from their countries. There will be foreign currency exchanges. There will information booths. There'll be saloons, there'll restaurants, there'll entertainment. They hope to continue this after 1996 for conventioneers, and visitors, and tourists to Atlanta because unfortunately, whereas Atlanta is a mecca and has everything for conventioneers, hotel rooms, restaurants, World Congress Center, Georgia Dome, all of that, it does not have an attraction for spouses and places for people to hang out. If you summed up all of the, which one might call, tourist attractions you've probably covered a day or maybe a little more than a day. For that reason, some of the conventions have not repeated in Atlanta. That's one of the problems with the Convention Bureau; the Atlanta Convention Bureau has. That sort of led me into this close relationship with Myrtle Davis, and I see her frequently, and enjoy the company very much. Her husband is a doctor, Doctor Albert Davis is a number of years older than she is, and he was one of the pioneers in the NAACP movement. I think he's one of principals in establishing the Atlanta chapter that, I understand, is now probably the lead chapter in America. She has two daughters, one of who serves as a clerk for one of the local judges and the other is . . . I forget what she does. They've both been to graduate school, there's one lawyer and one business school graduate. One of the daughters happened to go to all my alma mater, Stanford. I had that kind of thing in common . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=11670.0,11806.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/395","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e It sounds like very early on you were identified as a person who was a good liaison between the black community and the . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=11806.0,11812.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/396","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, but I never did . . . I really did much of anything on a structured basis through organizations, although I was closely identified with the American Jewish Committee, but the things I generally did were sort of a one-to-one or personal, because I got so much personal satisfaction out of it . . . it helped me a lot in my development, and I might tell you, my development needed a lot of help.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=11812.0,11843.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/397","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e Go ahead. What do you mean?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=11843.0,11846.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/398","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e You want to talk about the American Jewish Committee?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=11846.0,11849.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/399","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e Go ahead and talk about your development, the things that you wanted to achieve personally.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=11849.0,11856.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/400","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e I would say this, my compelling goal was to really . . . and I started feeling my mortality when I was rather young. I don't think most people do that. But when my grandchildren came along, I was hell bent in my mind to leave the world better than I found it, than they found it. That's sort of what drove me. I told that to one of the great presidents of Georgia Tech, did I tell you this story about me with Dr. Joseph Pettit in the country clubs? I think I did. I don't want to repeat that. About I went to tell him why I would not go to his dinners. That's one of the things that drove me to that. I told him, he said, \"Why are you doing this?\" He said, \"All you're going to do is get your nose bloody.\" He's a real sharp guy. I told them the same thing I told you, that that's the only reason. I said, \"It just helps me personally.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=11856.0,11924.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/401","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e You really had a strong sense of social justice.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=11924.0,11926.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/402","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, I did.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=11926.0,11927.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/403","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e In these boundaries of your own personal . . . of what's important to you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=11927.0,11931.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/404","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e I would say . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=11931.0,11935.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/405","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e You also were not a good old boy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=11935.0,11937.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/406","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e No, that's right. One of my mentors that I got respect for and felt very kindly notwithstanding, he's got a lot of detractors, was Morris Abram because he lived in Atlanta and he lived in our neighborhood for a while before moving on to New York and He was one of the people who got me interested long ago in the American Jewish Committee in the in the Atlanta chapter When the chapter movement started. This was about late 1940's, in the late 1940's, and then he went on to greater things. I listened to him, and he seemed so conscientious which I'm sure he was and is and I was a great admirer, and I always got a . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=11937.0,11991.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/407","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e You had some common threads.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=11991.0,11992.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/408","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e I got a kick out of it when he was at the University of Georgia, he'd come to Atlanta, this before I came to Atlanta. My wife Jean said that he would come, and I think he took her out. He dated her on one or two occasions. He was four or five years or a senior, but she always told me, her dad said, \"Jean, I don't know what he sees in you. That young man is so brilliant. I don't know what sees in because you like to dance and jitterbug and do all these things and roller skate.\" This is her father talking to his daughter, \"I guess he needs relaxation.\" She repeated that to Morris later when he became a big success and a national figure. He really loved it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=11992.0,12047.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/409","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e He was one person who served as sort of a mentor and a like-minded . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=12047.0,12052.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/410","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, I had great respect for him. I went on to become interested in the American Jewish Committee and the chapter movement grew and grew and grew. It didn't amount to much for a long time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=12052.0,12070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/411","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e Had there been the American Jewish Committee?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=12070.0,12073.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/412","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e The American Jewish Committee was found; do you want me to start on that? It was founded in 1906 but the chapter movement, where they had chapters . . . they had a national constituency that was handled through the mail, and people would send in annual dues or make adjunct contributions. But the chapter, where they have chapters in the major cities, I think got going after World War II. It was very small, and it was very elitist, and very selective kind of thing. It almost . . . it was a strange, it was a contradiction.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=12073.0,12109.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/413","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e Very liberal.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=12109.0,12111.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/414","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e Quite liberal, but after a while, it really got going, and it really, in my judgment, became the darling of structured Jewish organizations in the country and here in Atlanta. The American Jewish Committee is very strong, very powerful, but even more greatly respected by the national government, by the national press, and by the world. The world governments and the world press. I've been on a lot of wonderful trips, meeting a couple of popes, and heads of state and all that through the American Jewish Committee's ability to connect. Apart from that, as I told you earlier, I sort of went on my own way and did things, but I realize now that they were all done within the context, of the philosophies of the American Jewish Committee","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=12111.0,12180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/415","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e It's sort of like you defined your Jewishness when you became an adult.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=12180.0,12184.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/416","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e Exactly. I really went from almost zero to about a nine, maybe.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=12184.0,12195.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/417","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e Do you think you did it for your parents? Do you think that there was something . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=12195.0,12201.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/418","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e Sort of. I did a lot of things. I think I did almost everything for my parents because I wanted to succeed. I wanted them to be proud. To this day, I'd say today, I miss them a great deal, particularly for that reason. Look at me now kind of thing. I wish they were here because they enjoyed their children as we all do. Achievement made them happy, and I'm sure it's true of all Jewish parents, achievement of their youngsters. They consider, as I do, consider your children, your grandchildren, as your immortality. I went to the American Jewish Committee and about 15 years ago I became identified with the national organization and served on the board for good many years and became a national vice president. Then more recently as I've toned down, I don't participate but I still keep up with the mailings. I don't go to New York for the meetings, but I have a great love for the organization and for the all the people that I've met over the years and from all over the country and the world who I've identified with have really turned me on.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=12201.0,12289.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/419","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e Would you do a lot of speaking? What exactly did you do?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=12289.0,12291.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/420","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e I did some speaking, yes. . . . As far as I was concerned, I'm not a good public speaker, so I did a lot of fundraising for them, the once a year thing. I was sort of the annual schnorrer, who would get up at the at the fundraising cocktail party and chide people, not heavy-handed, that was not my style. I might say, I don't know whether I'm in a select group or not, but I never, never, never took or take offense at anybody who turned me down for any reason whatsoever. I just figured that if they contributed the money to something that I felt this strongly about, and I did, that they were doing themselves a favor, and if they didn't want to do it or couldn't do it or whatever the reason was, and there were a myriad of reasons, obviously we all have reasons, that that's fine, that's their business, and in a sense maybe that's their loss kind of thing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=12291.0,12355.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/421","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e You never know the whole story.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=12355.0,12356.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/422","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e You don't know the story, and I wasn't even interested in the story, didn't make a difference to me. The extent of their participation, but I was pretty successful. I always have a light touch. I put a humorous spin on almost everything I do and say, as you may sort of become aware. I seldom think in very serious terms. I'm a serious person, and I understand serious, many things in my life are, as always are very serious, but I just have this humorous kind of spin I put on it, and I think it may be almost an escape for me, where I don't get bogged down and just get torn up with ulcers and that kind of thing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=12356.0,12402.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/423","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e You like people. I think you genuinely enjoy schmoozing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=12402.0,12406.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/424","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, I sure do.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=12406.0,12412.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/425","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e How's that?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=12412.0,12413.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/426","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e Let's see, so much . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=12413.0,12415.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/427","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e Does your wife share your interests in these organizations.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=12415.0,12419.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/428","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e Very much, but she is focused . . . [interview pauses, then resumes] About 1960, my wife's aunt, a spinster aunt, moved to Atlanta from New York because . . . from New York City. She was a born and raised New Yorker. She was about 4'10\" tall And she was about 9\" tall as far as her personality, and her enthusiasm, and her brain, and everything else. She had been trained to be a schoolteacher and in New York she was so small they were afraid to put her in the public schools, now this is going back, she was born about 1890 . . . they put her on Welfare Island where they had the public hospitals where youngsters who had illnesses or handicaps were put, and they had to be given schooling. She would teach youngsters who, for whatever reason, were lying in cribs to read and write. She was on the on the payroll of the New York Public School System . . . Besides getting a little inheritance, she also was a frugal person, and she was an extremely smart financial analyst. When she died, she left a sizable, sizable estate that she'd accumulated principally by advising. During the summer breaks, she always took trips, this little bitty spinster lady on what was then called tramp steamers, they're now called freighters, where they might have three or four or six cabins and they'd go to places all over the world. They were called tramp steamers because they didn't have a routine schedule, they had a general schedule, they didn't know when they were going to get to Rio [de Janeiro, Brazil], or Timbuktu [Mali], or the coast of Africa. She wrote letters to her family. In 1960, now she's been retired, most of her friends in New York had died . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=12419.0,12572.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/429","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e She's your wife's . . . ?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=12572.0,12576.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/430","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e Aunt. My wife's father's sister. The only family she had remaining was in Atlanta, her brother and her niece, my wife, so she moved to Atlanta. She moved into a then new apartment building, 2520 Peachtree Road. Lovely apartment, brought her furniture down. Sold her apartment in New York. She lived in Gramercy Park, area of New York City. Her other sibling had died, her friends had died, so she moved here, and she was here not too long before she decided . . . she sort of felt herself failing and she put herself into the Jewish Home in Atlanta that was then on 14th street. In knowing her personality she is the last person in the world you think would ever fit into an institutional type residence.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=12576.0,12638.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/431","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e She probably [indistinct: 03:30:38].","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=12638.0,12640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/432","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e She did. In those days, it was not for sick people. It was for elders, a home for the aged, truly, not for the infirm. She lived there, and she died there after a while. Jean took care of her. Before that Jean . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=12640.0,12661.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/433","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e What was her name?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=12661.0,12662.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/434","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e Her name was Ella Aronstam. She was one of the founders—Ella Aronstam 4'10\"—was one the founders of an organization, I don't know if it's still an existence, called Women Minority Shareholders of America. There's a famous lady, I can't remember the other lady's name, her name is a household word, these two ladies, Ella Aronstam, and the other one, found this organization.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=12662.0,12689.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/435","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e While she was in Atlanta or before she came?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=12689.0,12690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/436","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e No, before, the 1920's. I've got a picture, I can't get my hands on it, but I've got the front page of the New York Times then, front page picture, \"Ella and so and so at it again.\" That's the caption, and these two ladies, Ella Aronstam and the other one are being carried out of the AT\u0026T annual stockholders meeting. They held the meeting at the headquarters at 50 Broadway, and they had given the shareholders there a cold box lunch. There's a table on the . . . a dais kind of table, this is just before the meeting started and the directors were all served a hot lunch by servers. Here are the directors getting a hot lunch in the same room. Ella and the other one . . . Wilma Soss! Wilma Soss is a legend. She's in Encyclopaedia Britannica. The caption in the New York Times front page story said, \"Ella and Wilma at it again.\" They raised holy hell, they called the cops and the cops dragged these, or carried these two \"busy body\", minority shareholders out. They fought for everything and since then, they've been replaced by the, I don't know if you're familiar with the Gilbert brothers, but they are two activists, John Gilbert and the other Gilbert. They were two bachelors who bought one share of stock in almost every public company in America, and they campaigned for cumulative voting, for holding shareholders meetings and easy to get to places, instead of Manitowoc, Wisconsin. She moved to Atlanta and then she got infirm, so Jean took after her did her shopping, took care of her business, her finances and that kind of thing before that . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=12690.0,12817.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/437","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e She's a woman really ahead of her time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=12817.0,12819.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/438","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e Before that, she had elderly grandparents lived here, who moved here from Sumter because their daughter lived here Jean's mother who passed away when . . . Jean's mother passed away in her 40's. These two grandparents lived into their 90's. She had to look after them, had to get help, had to get nursing help when they became infirm, had to market for them and all that. Then she had a look after her mother, she was called home from college because of my mother was at home, she had to look over her. She's had so much experience looking after elderly or infirm people, when the new Jewish Home started, it was open in 1969, she just fell in love with it, worked as a volunteer and she opened the gift shop there. Now the gift shop is named the Jean A. Cohen Gift Shop. She works there every day, six days a week, closed on Saturdays. She works every morning and then there's other volunteers who take shifts or when she's out of town fill in. Every afternoon, two days a week she plays either mahjong or canasta, but the other three days she's down at the Atlanta Merchandise Mart going to the gift shows or going to the places of business there and buying for the gift shop. She's built a big following among the Christian community because she has bazaars at home and invites them all. She has a little showcase at her beauty parlor and one at her seamstress's place where all the ladies from the Driving Club attend. They love to buy the things because they can buy the same things that are available at Neiman Marcus or Saks for less and they also help the Jewish Home.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=12819.0,12939.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/439","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e Isn't that great?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=12939.0,12940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/440","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e Then I got involved with the construction during the building of the Jewish Home. I got it involved, not to a great extent, Bill Breman, Mr. Breman was a powerhouse, a dynamo, who was responsible for building the new one on Howell Mill Road, but I worked, and I became president. Then became an honorary president.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=12940.0,12966.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/441","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e They know you don't like to say no.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=12966.0,12969.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/442","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e Then I got the greatest challenge, the most, I would say probably, the most single rewarding thing I've ever done in my life, because apart from all this good stuff I'm telling you about, I really love bricks and mortar. I love architecture, and I love to see things get built. My daily bag are general contractors and architects. Meyer Balser just came in office as president, and a very fine man, now deceased, Louis Zinker [sp], who was a very prominent lawyer in Atlanta with the Smith, Cohen, Ringel law firm, he was a partner in that firm, but his specialty was housing and public housing. As a matter fact, I think of about 19 . . . early in the Carter years, 1976, he was on the shortlist to be named secretary of HUD [U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development], but he wasn't. He came up with the idea of . . . the Jewish community in Atlanta, now we have what's really going to eventually become a nursing home, which it is, a home for the aged, became a nursing for people, because Alzheimer's now is a big thing. That's what happened. The Jewish Home now, now the William Breman Jewish Home on Howell Mill Road is really, most of the people are infirm and I'd say 70 percent have Alzheimer's. We need it, we need a place for the elderly, for the Jewish elderly . . . independent living. There's this HUD program that's been in place for a while, why don't we try for that? He got me all churned up and the Jewish Home was to be the sponsor because it was going to be on their property on Howell Mill Road. I got all churned up. We just got started, guess what Lou Zinker did to me? He died. Here I am left, and I don't know what I'm doing. All government regulations and thick manuals and all that kind of stuff . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=12969.0,13112.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/443","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e It was just another challenge.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=13112.0,13116.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/444","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e . . . Paperwork. This was going to be too much. I had a good friend who was an attorney, Kurt Holland, who was then a member of the Hass Holland law firm, who was not my attorney, but he was a personal friend. I said, \"I don't think you guys know anything about HUD and getting loans and getting a mortgage or the bill . . . \"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=13116.0,13146.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/445","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e They don't deal with poverty programs.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=13146.0,13149.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/446","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e . . . he said, \"No.\" But he said, \"I got a bright, young lawyer, just came on board with this. He doesn't know anything about it either, but I'll tell you one thing, he's sharp and his name is Adam Skorecki. You talk to him, and you guys will get together fine.\" Adam was then about 28, or maybe 26. He'd just come with a firm. We did, we started talking, and we decided to go through. This was under the auspices of the Jewish Home, Meyer Balser was president. I was named chairman of this ad hoc thing to put this together. I said, \"Look, I don't work with a lot of subcommittees and committees. I don't do well. I really sort of have to do my own thing, let me just get a handful that I can work with, and I can use as a sounding board and that kind of thing as opposed to delegating a lot of things, 'you do this and report back to me and this.'\" That's fine where you need a lot financials, it's not only fine, it's mandatory, where you need to a lot community financial support because you have to give a lot people jobs to get them interested. Whether it's building committee, or programming, or house committee. He says, \"Fine.\" That's the way it worked though. Kurt Holland, and Adam Skarecki, and Joe Cuba, who was . . . I think Joe Cuba may have been president at the time . . . I kept them informed and ran things by them. Then I got a lot of calls from members of the Atlanta Jewish community in total and from the Federation and other things wondering, \"What the hell is going on? \"Why are you keeping all this secret?\" I said, \"Come on, I'll tell you everything.\" As you pointed out, Patty, I like to talk, but I can't delegate a lot of things, for one thing. Number one, the big thing was getting the loan. My friend, Ed Elson, now an ambassador to Denmark, who is a close personal friend, who just knows where the buttons are all over. I told Ed, I said, \"Ed, come on, give me the guy who can really help me get this mortgage.\" Because that's the big thing . . . there's a finite number of government dollars, HUD dollars appropriated, and everybody wants it. He said, \"Okay.\" He introduced me to a man named Lamar Seals, who was then . . . who had been appointed by President Reagan to be the regional director of HUD. Although he couldn't give us the money, because it had to come from Washington [D.C.]. He had a lot to say in the way of recommendations. I met him and worked with him. Then I met Ed Elson's dear friend, a man named Herman Talmadge who was our senator for many, many years, our senior senator. Senator Talmadge, I can't tell you how helpful he was and generous with his time and his effort and his pushing with HUD. Lo and behold, we got the mortgage. The HUD financing in those days, or what's called a Section 202/Section 8 project was very liberal. We got lots of money, and we also had rent subsidy. No one need pay more than 25 percent of his or her monthly income toward the rent. If the rent was $400 a month, let's say the elderly person had an income of $200 a month, they would pay $50, and we get a check from the Rent Subsidy Department of HUD for $350. It's supposed to be a zero kind of budget where all this income from the 200 apartments, the sum of the income, whether it came direct from the renters or from subsidized by the government, would be enough money to take care of our debt service and also pay our operating costs, which it has done handsomely over the years. We opened our doors in 1978, and to this day, we've never had a vacancy. We have great security, we have great programming, we have a beautiful . . . since it first opened, we condition and recondition it, changing the carpet frequently, etcetera. We now have a board, a very small board that meets when needed. We don't have committees. Serving on the board along with me are Meyer Balser and Sidney Feldman, and Sandy London, and Janet Selig. We just run it sort of out of pocket. Adam Skorecki is our attorney. Debbie Beard is the administrator of the home, is a liaison, she's an ex-officio member.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=13149.0,13483.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/447","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e You're the board.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=13483.0,13484.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/448","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e We're the board, that's it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=13484.0,13485.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/449","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e Of the Jewish Home?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=13485.0,13486.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/450","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e The Jewish Tower, right. We report to the Jewish Home, but we run the thing as a close-knit board that stays in place until someone wants to get off or dies. We've had two deaths. Kurt Holland was a board member, and Joe Cuba was a Board member, and those two were replaced with Sandy and Janet. We have had to condition ourselves, and this is one of the big projects. When you do work in Jewish volunteerism, you're always on a tight budget because the funds are always short. You've got to go out and beg, borrow, and steal. When you have to buy something, somebody comes up and says, \"I can get it wholesale. I can go to Dalton [Georgia] and . . . \"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=13486.0,13540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/451","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e Get it donated.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=13540.0,13541.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/452","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, we get it donated . . . We're, by tradition, are schnorrers. We have to be by necessity. I never will forget, when we first opened the Jewish Tower, we wanted to get a bingo set as part of our programming. Someone says, \"I know we can get it wholesale from someone.\" Then we all woke up, we need a bingo game that's professional. We need one like these big commercial parlors have. We've got the money and if we don't spend it, it goes back into a restricted reserve. It's one of those things. We have these bendy HUD regulations, paying strict attention to them because they monitor us. They have service agents review us, do financial reviews and on-site reviews for all the things that they want because they have a big mortgage on the property. We go, get the best of everything, the safest, the nicest looking, the best built, to last the longest. Which we think will bode us well in the long run. If you can buy things, and you have the money, and buy them prudently, and get them good quality, it serves your purpose. We have this great programming . . . unfortunately, we just have the 200 apartments. Starting at the beginning, not knowing what I was doing, and seeing that go all the way. Making many trips to Washington with HUD and meeting at the senator's office, and seeing the bricks and designing the building, helping the architects and the contractors and all that kind of thing, and seeing it go and opening the initial rent up. It's unbelievable, we had a hard time renting it up at the very beginning because first of all, it's got to be nonsectarian. Within that framework, HUD accepts the fact that every people like the comfort and the security of dealing within their community, whether it's religion or ethnic community. They don't give us a problem, but we obviously can't turn anybody down. In that general area, in that zone, there are very few minority populations. We've had minority people and non-Jewish people, and still have, and it works very well. Jewish people who we were anxious to attract really don't like to . . . and the financial deal was a sweetheart that you couldn't turn down, but they don't want to move in until they see it. We were trying to do all this rent up, starting about three months before completion, but it took a while until after completion, maybe almost six or eight months. Meanwhile, if you don't get rented out, HUD gets on your back. We were sort of, in a sense, trying to save this for the community we were trying to serve, and we had been charged to serve. If we couldn't get those people in, then HUD would really go all over . . . we'd have to start advertising city wide and area wide to get people to come in. It worked out beautifully and it's worked to this day and as I say in In total, over my lifetime, that's been the single most rewarding thing I've been involved with. That's neat.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=13541.0,13775.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/453","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e It's a gift.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=13775.0,13780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/454","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e It's a gift. 40-year, 100 percent loan at a sweetheart rent. The rents are determined . . . the amount of rent, and they go up a little bit each year, depending on the CPI [Consumer Price Index], is determined by HUD. Then the rent subsidy goes up each year along with it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=13780.0,13798.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/455","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e That's guaranteed for a 40 year period of time, no matter who's in office.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=13798.0,13805.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/456","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e At the end of 40 years, which will be 40 years from 1978, the Jewish community is going to have an asset. You can imagine, Mr. Eplan, Mr. Sam Eplan—now deceased, who was the father of Leon Eplan. I don't know if you know him or not—is the one who picked that property out for the Jewish Home. When the home was going to move from 14th Street, he was assigned the responsibility of going out and finding the site. Today if you went all over metro Atlanta for the purpose of the Jewish community for the aged, for the nursing home, and now for the independent living home, you couldn't find a better location. Hospitals, professional buildings, shopping center, a library, public transportation, interstate highway, and it's still in a residential area in the woods. It is fantastic. What happened is part of the deal with HUD, part of mortgage proceeds were used to buy this filet, about two and a half acres from the Jewish Home so the Home got the proceeds paid to them for that little bit of land that was carved up, the two and a half acres that we used for the tower.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=13805.0,13888.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/457","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e I think it takes a certain sort of . . . it sounds like that's your creative expertise is in that area, of being able to visualize things without seeing them in a concrete way.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=13888.0,13903.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/458","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e I like to think so.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=13903.0,13904.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/459","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e But you can visualize the entire picture of what needs to be done, and it's a tremendous creative gift and ability. It's really thinking in a different dimension.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=13904.0,13915.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/460","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e I started to say 40 years, when we're all here for the mortgage burning, 40 years from 1978, we'll be here. What are we talking about?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=13915.0,13925.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/461","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e It's 20 years, yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=13925.0,13926.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/462","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e 2018, when we burn the mortgage. The facility will own itself and God knows what that property would be worth. It really is . . . it's a self-subsisting, self-serving corporate entity, non-profit, IRS 5013C and the Jewish Home is a sponsor. Ultimately, it all comes under the wing of the Atlanta Jewish Federation. This is a piece of land and buildings that are just tremendous. They'll be rehabbed between now and then.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=13926.0,13972.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/463","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e Very carefully executed too and well thought out.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=13972.0,13975.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/464","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e That is a very stable neighborhood, it's not the kind of thing, because with the hospitals, with the Lovett School and Westminster School there, Pace Academy, I think that the community is going to be a very stable area for years and years to come.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=13975.0,13994.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/465","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e The Jewish population is shifting, but there's still a significant Jewish population in that area.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=13994.0,13999.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/466","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e It is, yes, but with the shifting in the Jewish population, the access to there is still very good with the highway system.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=13999.0,14006.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/467","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e No, that will remain a very stable area, and I think as Buckhead grows, because I think Buckhead is going to be the ultimate downtown, and that area is very strong, and the hospital there. That's been a very wonderful contribution you've been able to make to the community, and strictly on a volunteer basis, too, to really just put your own creative energies to work, to build other people. Do you have any other creative interests in the arts, or do you draw or do you . . . ?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=14006.0,14037.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/468","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e Let me tell you about another one of my delights. 20 years ago, business was really good. And this company had grown moderately over the years, steadily, and reached a modest state of prosperity. And the thought occurred to me that I could do something that would serve two purposes. One is, obviously, I wanted to institutionalize the business and help in marketing, but I also wanted to give something back to the community, the construction community principally that have been good to us. Because I had a lot of friends on a personal basis in the community. I went and talked to some friends in the business, particularly architects, and they suggested that I talk to the people at the College of Architecture at Georgia Tech and perhaps establish an ongoing scholarship or fellowship or training program. We started what's now known and then known as the SGF Prize. We founded it in 19 . . . the first competition was in 1974. We have the program in the final year of the College of Architecture, the sixth year of their training. All the students are required to participate. It's not a volunteer thing. There's generally 30, 35, six-year students in the college, and they have to participate in the SGF Prize program, which is annually a problem generally tied into the metro area, and it serves as a sort of laboratory where the city benefits. For example, over the years they participated in the design of MARTA and the design of the High Museum and things of that nature. They worked on this multimodal system transportation at downtown Five Points where busses and trains will come in and transportation to the airport. Where you come into downtown Atlanta and check in here and then take the rapid transit out to the airport. It's become a wonderful feeding ground for the city of Atlanta and the total metro community, as a matter of fact. It's become a great incentive for the students now. This year, we're giving a total of $12,500, $5,000 which will go to the college for putting on the program, and then $6,000 for a travel study fellowship to the winner, the winner can go anywhere he wants to in the world to further his education, just traveling or taking courses. Then there's a second place and a third place cash stipend. In addition, the winner gets a trophy. We're now using Edward Moulthrop bowls, I don't know if you've seen them, big, beautiful bowls. They get that indicating they're the winner. Before that we used . . . yes, I think I will . . . before that we used Pomodoro sculptors that we had especially designed for this purpose. Arnaldo Pomodaro is a Milanese sculptor, he's one of the world's greatest.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=14037.0,14258.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/469","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e Very sleek. [interview pauses, then resumes] . . . third session with Mr. Herbert Cohen. [interview pauses, then resumes]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=14258.0,14273.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/470","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e Each year, there's a . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=14273.0,14276.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/471","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e Who knew to contact that sculptor?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=14276.0,14280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/472","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e A friend of mine, a local architect, who knew of him. As a matter of fact, turned me over to Ann Jacob. I don't know if you know Ann Jacob or not. She has galleries in town. I think she's at Phipps Plaza, and she has one in Highlands [North Carolina]. She represented the New York gallery that represented him in North America. We made a deal, and we contracted and had this special design, and he cast 12 of them, SGF Price Sculptors that we gave for 12 years. Then we ran out. Meanwhile, he won many worldwide competitions for sculpturing, including the Japan Prize that awards, I think, $300,000 to each winner. He won that a few years back. He won in the same year with Leonard Bernstein won it and [Antoni] Tapies [Catalan: Tàpies], the famed Spanish painter. The three of them won it that year, what happened was his prices went out of sight, so we couldn't renew with him. But I had the good fortune of visiting his studio in Milan [Italy] on a couple occasions, and it was very impressive. It was just like Michelangelo, the way he worked. He'd get a commission, and he had these students and the people he was training as his students, and they did their own casting and design and everything. It just was a remarkable experience visiting Pomodoro. The program got built up and over the years there is an annual presentation dinner, people at Tech participate, the College of Architecture people, the Dean, and other people, and one of the . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=14280.0,14406.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/473","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e You're involved.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=14406.0,14407.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/474","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e I'm involved, not in the judging, we have nothing to do with the selection of the jury or the judging. That's obviously by design because we don't any political input where people may come to us and say I'd like to serve on the jury and maybe they're a good customer. What do we do? The jurist have generally been, there are generally five or six jurists, and they will have two or three chosen from the Atlanta area, the more prominent architects or other people interested in the arts, and the others are chosen . . . are coming from all over the country, all over the world. We just had fascinating big name people, I.M. Pei, and what's the name? [Peter] Eisenman, the great architect from Boston, and we've had the architecture critic of The Village Voice, a guy named [Michael] Sorkin, nice, fantastic guy. We've had Cathy Fox, who's the architecture critic for the Atlanta newspapers, I don't know if you know her or not. Charlie Ackerman was a jurist one year giving the developers' standpoint, because developers are really the Medicis of our modern construction these days because they put up the money, and they want not only want good architecture, but it also has to fit within the economics of the development. We've had the director of the great architecture schools in Paris [France] and London.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=14407.0,14506.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/475","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e I would imagine Tech is very grateful for having that gift because it's a very substantial gift.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=14506.0,14512.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/476","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e It's substantial, and it's unique in two senses. One is, it goes direct . . . it's for a very small competition of 30 odd students. There are much larger gifts, and they're volunteers, the participants are volunteers. These kids are not volunteers, they have to take, that's a course. They have to pass a course to graduate. Most of the competitions in industry provides universities or colleges . . . first of all, they're voluntary and they go all over the country. The other thing is they generally require that the students use their products. For example, Pittsburgh Plate Glass, or aluminum, or Alcoa. The competition involved designing with aluminum, use our product. We don't have any restrictions at all. The problem is established by the College of Architecture for them to work on and the College Of Architecture selects the jury. We really don't have any guidelines, except give them the money and like to participate and I like to sit in on the judging to hear, without comment, to hear the dialog and hear the students, they give an oral presentation along with their drawings and their written presentations. Very interesting. To me, having been out of the academic circuit for so many years, it's absolutely mind-boggling to understand how great these students are. To even conceive that a young kid that's 20 years old can come up with this and then along with that, he doesn't have, he or she, and we have a lot of female winners. They are great, the number of girls in architecture school now is phenomenal and their quality is fantastic. But they are not tied down by the restraints that we all operate under. You can't do this because It doesn't meet the city code. You can't do this because it costs too much. You can't do this, you can't that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=14512.0,14649.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/477","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e They can be creative.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=14649.0,14650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/478","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e They don't have those constraints. They're only constrained by their own minds. It's very warming for a geezer, as my grandkids like to refer to their grandparents. So much for that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=14650.0,14665.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/479","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e What's your project now?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=14665.0,14667.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/480","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e I don't have anything. I don't have any new. Obviously, I find this as I get older and I'm reminded of it all the time by my family, I get crotchety and short patience. If in fact I was presented with something that involved me being tied down by committees and all this kind of thing where I had to delegate and this, I really couldn't do it. I'd be glad to work on a committee and attend meetings, if I didn't have to do a lot of work. But it's hard to find something where you can really be your own boss and run things, take the ball and run with it. If you do it right, you get the credit. If you do the wrong, you have to blame. I don't like to go to a lot meetings. I don't enjoy that a lot. I do like . . . I would say, beside this little thing at Georgia Tech, I really don't spend much time with anything except the Jewish Home, because that's something in my blood, seeing the old people in the home and the others in the tower. And we recently put up, in the auditorium of the home . . . for a recent function, the annual function, Artworks, the auxiliary of the Home has this fundraiser called Artworks where they get artists to set things up on consignment. For the last one that was several months ago, they put up these big blown up portraits of residents of the home or past residents of the home and you see these gorgeous faces and that keeps me coming back.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=14667.0,14780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/481","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e My sister-in-law was the Tower artist.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=14780.0,14782.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/482","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e She was?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=14782.0,14785.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/483","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e Harriet Leibowitz.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=14785.0,14786.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/484","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e Harriet Leibowitz?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=14786.0,14787.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/485","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e She's my husband's sister.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=14787.0,14791.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/486","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e They aren't connected to the Leibovitz, are they?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=14791.0,14793.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/487","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e No.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=14793.0,14795.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/488","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e What's her first name?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=14795.0,14796.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/489","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e Harriet.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=14796.0,14798.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/490","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e What's the Leibovitz’s first name?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=14798.0,14800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/491","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e Annie.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=14800.0,14801.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/492","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e Annie. No connection? Did you go to the show at the High Museum that Annie Leibovitz had about a year ago?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=14801.0,14808.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/493","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e She's really very talented.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=14808.0,14809.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/494","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e Fantastic, mind-boggling!","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=14809.0,14814.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/495","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e Harriet did a very nice job . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=14814.0,14815.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/496","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e She did. I was telling you about all this good stuff. You tell Harriet, that's what keeps me churned up.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=14815.0,14822.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/497","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e Those photographs.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=14822.0,14823.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/498","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e Everybody, because we have a lot of meetings there, a lot of the times when the executive committee meets and the board meetings, we happen to meet in that room if we got a big attendance, and that turns everybody on.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=14823.0,14834.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/499","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e They really bring a certain amount of life to . . . she did a beautiful job.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=14834.0,14840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/500","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e Not only did it bring some life to the room, but you couldn't put anything else up. You couldn't put up a lot of masterpieces around that room that would do with those photographs did.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=14840.0,14852.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/501","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e It was remarkable, whoever decided to do that project, who came up with the idea. It was a very clever idea.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=14852.0,14858.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/502","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, I don't know who did it, excellent. What does she do? Tell me about Harriet.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=14858.0,14867.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/503","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e Harriet? I'll turn this off. [interview pauses, then resumes] In the few minutes we have remaining, perhaps we can touch on your own family. You mentioned your wife and her involvements, tell me about your kids and their ages and what they're doing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=14867.0,14877.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/504","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e I have three children. Oldest and youngest are girls. The middle is the son.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=14877.0,14884.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/505","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e They're how old?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=14884.0,14885.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/506","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e They run an age from 41, 44, 47. We worked on a three-year plan. My oldest has two sons, both in colleges. My son-in-law is a stockbroker, with Neiman here in Atlanta. All three of the families incidentally live in Atlanta, rather close to us.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=14885.0,14917.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/507","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e What's his name?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=14917.0,14919.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/508","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e Bob Kaplan, K-A-P-L-A-N.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=14919.0,14924.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/509","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e That's your son-in-law?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=14924.0,14926.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/510","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e My son-in-law, yes. My middle child, my son, Bruce, has his own business in the construction field. He has three sons. His wife is Catholic, and the children are being raised Catholic. Obviously, much to their grandparents' chagrin.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=14926.0,14946.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/511","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e I'm sorry, what's his wife's name?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=14946.0,14950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/512","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e Denise, Denise Cohen, you'll see her picture in the paper almost every week in the Northside Neighbor. She's very involved with the social programming, chairing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=14950.0,14963.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/513","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e She's from a family . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=14963.0,14964.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/514","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e She's from a family in LaGrange [Georgia], the Mansour family in LaGrange who were in the retail store business. Very prominent in LaGrange.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=14964.0,14975.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/515","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e Are they Persian or . . . ?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=14975.0,14978.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/516","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e Lebanese, very nice family.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=14978.0,14982.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/517","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e Are you close with them?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=14982.0,14983.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/518","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e Not especially. I'd say we really don't have occasion. It so happens, we're not close to any of our children's in-laws. We have no animosity. On occasions where we may be invited for a similar function. I say we see each other occasionally, but not often. The Mansour in LaGrange are a story in themselves. My son's father-in-law is one of three brothers who operate the big retail store downtown. They're in their early 70's. They were all born in America. Their parents came over from Lebanon about 19 . . . shortly after the turn of the century. When George Mansour's father made his mark in LaGrange and wanted to join the country club, the LaGrange Country Club, Mr. Cason Callaway said they weren't going to have any foreigners. Here's an American citizen who is a responsible businessman, times change. This was in the 1920's. This was the first man of his family to come. Sometime later, his son, who is now in his 70's, has served as president of the LaGrange Country Club and president of Chamber of Commerce. They're one of the pillars of the total community; things have a way of changing for the better.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=14983.0,15093.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/519","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, they do.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=15093.0,15096.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/520","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e Getting on, those three grandchildren are adorable and lovable and I'm crazy about them and I worship them. They're being raised as Catholic, which is sort of another story in itself of going through the business of seeing them baptized and the communion things in the Catholic Church . . . My daughter, my oldest daughter is interested in working as a volunteer on various things. She does not like to get involved with community work and going to meetings, but on ad hoc things, such as working on artworks and those once-a-year things.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=15096.0,15142.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/521","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e What is her name?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=15142.0,15143.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/522","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e Mary Ann Kaplan and she works for our company three days a week. As our credit and collections person. My son Bruce does a lot of work with the Atlanta Urban League. He's also the friend of Myrtle Davis and Lyndon Wade, the executive director. He likes that. He doesn't have too much time to do it, but he's working hard to support his family. My youngest daughter is an attorney who practiced for a short time but then when the two little girls came along, she decided to stay at home. Her husband is Peter Emmons. He serves as CEO of our company. We've gone through some difficult financial times with a construction depression in Atlanta and had to downsize the company. He helped out and took over as CEO and helped me with my retirement. She helps him, works with him. She does a lot of the legal work for the company but has no other clients. He's also a lawyer they met at Emory Law School, but he doesn't practice law either, he did for a while. They, for the most part, don't do any volunteer work, just business, business, business, takes a lot of the time. Because he's also interested in the computer business that he operates. He's the CEO of a computer company that's on our premises here at Southern GF Company. He doesn't have time, he works, I would say he works almost seven days a week, certainly six and a half. During the five working days probably 10 or 12 hours.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=15143.0,15250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/523","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e With the two little kids.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=15250.0,15252.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/524","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e Two youngsters, yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=15252.0,15253.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/525","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e It's not a whole lot left over, it's hard to fit in . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=15253.0,15256.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/526","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e I appreciate, I had the good fortune of stepping into an organization so I could do these things. I could go out and . . . become involved with United Way and going out and calling on half a dozen [indistinct: 04:14:34 possibly 'callers'] in our industry and that kind of thing because the structure is there. I might say unfortunately I never had the opportunity to get in and grovel and build my own business. I know there are a lot of advantages to avoiding that, but in retrospect, I recognize that there are a lot advantages to having gone through that, as my father-in-law did. As my father did in his business.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=15256.0,15304.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/527","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e Do you think your sense of ownership would be different, the sense of having totally your idea that's been carried through, or have you been . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=15304.0,15313.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/528","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e I think I would have learned a lot more, and that I could have used later on, probably in dealing with the trade, and dealing with the community, and dealing with employees. I think I'd had a great, greater, much greater sense of achievement had I done that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=15313.0,15337.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/529","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e I hope you don't downplay your achievements in other areas because your contribution has been enormous.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=15337.0,15341.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/530","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e Thank you. I don't downplay it. I'll tell you honestly, Patty, you're the only person I've ever talked to about all this. I've never had, my family knows. I never have occasion and I never really seeked any. Some of my friends, I get a kick out of. Many don't, some are very modest. Some of the things people, our friends, people we know have done are mind boggling. Without any sense of getting any kind of a claim. Others, I think they've built their houses around walls of certificates.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=15341.0,15383.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/531","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e They need that recognition. How has it been for you, taking a look at this and taking an introspective?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=15383.0,15394.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/532","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e I like it, it's sort of this is your life that you and I have put together. It's very self-rewarding for me to sit back and say, I've done this and this and I liked doing it and I liked doing it for myself. I can honestly say that this is really selfish, that everything I've done I've enjoyed doing and I've never put myself out and I was really number one, I liked doing it. Then, along with that I was compelled to do better, help the world. I did have that. I don't shy away from it, but everything I did I never did anything that's distasteful, that I didn't like to do or had to do in this volunteering. I liked it and I didn't do it because I owed somebody something or I was indebted, it was a payback. I didn't have any of that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=15394.0,15461.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/533","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e Too, I think you develop certain skills. I think when people work in the community organizations and have a lot of contacts, you develop a sense for how to get things done. That's a very valuable trait.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=15461.0,15473.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/534","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e Friends, friends, you got to have friends. Nothing . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=15473.0,15477.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/535","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e People you can depend on.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=15477.0,15479.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/536","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e Even if only having the friends just to call them as a sounding board, to run an idea. I have a lot of friends who don't have any, any sense of, they don't really have any background to what I was trying to achieve, but I know this, they have a lot of common sense. They have great instincts, and you can hit them with an idea that's completely foreign to them, but their instincts are phenomenal, and that's what gives you reassurance.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=15479.0,15514.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/537","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMAZIAR:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, and I think that's the incredible thing about business. I think business requires an instinct, and either you're born with it or you're not. I know you're looking at the clock when we need to stop, and I really want to thank you very much. You've been just great. It's been a pleasure meeting with you and talking with you. Perhaps, if some other things come up, we'll do another take.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=15514.0,15535.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/transcript/83664/annotation/538","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e I . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=15535.0,15537.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Annotations [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/539","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePatty Reistman Maziar (b. 1946) was born in Southfield, Michigan, and is the youngest daughter of Maurice and Ruth Reistman. She graduated from Mumford High School. She attended the University of Michigan and earned her master’s degree from Boston University. Patty has been active in various causes, including Shalom Bayit and the Breman Museum. She married Howard Maziar in 1971 at Congregation Shaarey Zedek, and the couple moved to Atlanta, Georgia. They have two children, Michelle and Michael.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=2.0,47.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/540","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe National Council of Jewish Women is an organization of volunteers and advocates, founded in the 1890's, who turn progressive ideals in advocacy and philanthropy inspired by Jewish values. They strive to improve the quality of life for women, children and families.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=2.0,47.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/541","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe American Jewish Committee of Atlanta is a regional branch of the American Jewish Committee (AJC). AJC was founded in 1906 to safeguard the welfare and security of Jews worldwide. It is one of the oldest Jewish advocacy organizations in the United States. AJC Atlanta founded the Atlanta Black-Jewish Coalition in 1982 to build relations between the communities, focusing on education, outreach, and advocacy. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=2.0,47.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/542","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSouthern GF Company was founded in 1912 by Louis Aronstam. It is a commercial door, frame, and architectural hardware supplier.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=48.0,49.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/543","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGeorgia Institute of Technology, which is commonly referred to as Georgia Tech is a public research university and institute of technology in Atlanta. It was founded in 1885 during Reconstruction as part of the plan to build an industrial economy in the post-Civil War South.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=132.0,194.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/544","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEmory University is a private research university in Atlanta, Georgia. Founded in 1836 as \"Emory College\" by the Methodist Episcopal Church and named in honor of Methodist bishop John Emory, Emory is the second-oldest private institution of higher education in Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=132.0,194.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/545","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Heart of Atlanta Motel was a large, 216-room motel that opened on September 5, 1956, in Atlanta, Georgia. In direct violation of the terms of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which banned racial discrimination in public places, largely based on Congress's control of interstate commerce, the motel refused to rent rooms to African-American patrons. The owner, Moreton Rolleston, sued, claiming that the act violated his rights as a private businessman. Rolleston represented himself as the case progressed through federal court. In the end, the Supreme Court ruled against the Heart of Atlanta. The decision led to the dismantling of segregation across the South.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=132.0,194.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/546","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLife Insurance Company of Georgia (often referred to as Life of Georgia) is one of the largest diversified financial services organizations in the world. It was founded in 1891 by J. J. Carleton, William M. Dodd, D. Felton Owen, John N. McEachern, and Isham Mallie Sheffield in Atlanta as a mutual benefit association called Industrial Aid Association. The Life of Georgia Building (also known as One Georgia Center) is located in the Midtown area of Atlanta. The Life of Georgia building was constructed in 1968 and was originally the headquarters for the Life of Georgia Insurance Company.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=132.0,194.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/547","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Internal Revenue Service (IRS) is an agency of the United States federal government responsible for collection U.S. federal taxes and administering the Internal Revenue Code, which is main body of the federal statutory tax law. The agency was established in July 1862 during President Abraham Lincoln’s administration.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=198.0,277.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/548","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBaltimore is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Maryland, as well as the 30th most populous city in the United States, with an estimated population of 593,490 in 2019. Founded in 1729, Baltimore has a long history as an important seaport.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=198.0,277.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/549","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRich's was a department store retail chain, headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia, which operated in the southern U.S. from 1867 until March 6, 2005 when the nameplate was eliminated and replaced by Macy's. It was founded by Hungarian Jewish immigrant Morris Rich (born Mauritius Reich) in Atlanta in 1867 as \"M. Rich \u0026amp; Co. Dry Goods\" Many of the former Rich's stores today form the core of Macy's Central, an Atlanta-based division of Macy's, Inc., which formerly operated as Federated Department Stores, Inc.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=198.0,277.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/550","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLouis Aronstam (1889-1969) was the founder of Southern GF Company. He was born in Maryland to Esther and Marcus Aronstam. He had two siblings, Alfred and Ella. He attended Columbia University and the Naval Academy; an injury prevented him from graduating. While working with the Barber Asphalt Company, he met his wife, Rita Schwartz, in Sumter, South Carolina. They married in 1917 and moved to Atlanta. They had two children, Charles and Jean. Rita died from cancer in 1943, and Louis remarried Blanche Levy Oppenheimer.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=379.0,428.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/551","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eColumbia University is a private Ivy League university located in New York City. The university was founded in 1754 and was known as King’s College. It is the oldest higher education institution in New York and the fifth oldest in the United States.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=379.0,428.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/552","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePeter Ribeiro Emmons (b. 1955) is chief executive officer of Southern GF Company. He is also chief operating officer of Emmons and Associates, an Atlanta-based computer consulting firm that configures, installs, and supports automated systems for the legal profession. He married Susan Cohen, and they had two daughters, Lane and Ricky.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=379.0,428.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/553","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Barber Asphalt Company, founded in 1883 by Amzi L. Barber, initially started in Washington, D.C. and later moved its headquarters to New York City. The company leased the largest known asphalt deposit at Pitch Lake, Trinidad, in 1888 and expanded its operations with various offices and subsidiaries. After several mergers and name changes, including a joint venture with Standard Oil in 1946, the company played a significant role in paving millions of miles of roads. The Barber Asphalt Company also operated a fleet of tankers and coal ships, which were used to contribute to the US Merchant Marine during World War II. The company closed in 1981, selling its assets to various corporations.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=489.0,558.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/554","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSumter is a city and the county seat of Sumter County, South Carolina. During the Civil War, the town was an important supply and railroad repair center for the Confederacy. After the war, Sumter grew and prospered, using its large railroad network to supply cotton, timber, and by the start of the 20th century, tobacco to the region.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=489.0,558.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/555","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAgnes Scott College is a private women’s liberal arts college in Decatur, Georgia. It was established in 1889 and is affiliated with the Presbyterian Church. It is also considered one of the Seven Sisters of the South, which is the name given to seven colleges located in Georgia, Virginia, and North Carolina. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=489.0,558.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/556","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDecatur, Georgia is a community northeast of Atlanta. It is the county seat of DeKalb County and was incorporated in 1823.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=489.0,558.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/557","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe American Civil War, widely known in the United States as the “Civil War” or the “War Between the States,” was fought from 1861 to 1865 to determine the survival of the Union or independence for the Confederacy. In January 1861, seven Southern slave states declared their secession from the United States and formed the Confederate States of America. The Confederacy, often called the “South,” grew to include 11 states, and although they claimed 13 states and additional western territories, the Confederacy was never diplomatically recognized by a foreign country. The states that did not declare secession were known as the “Union” or the “North.” The war had its origin in the issue of slavery. After four years of bloody combat, which left over 600,000 Union and Confederate soldiers dead and destroyed much of the South's infrastructure, the Confederacy collapsed, slavery was abolished, and the difficult Reconstruction process of restoring national unity and granting civil rights to freed slaves began.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=559.0,568.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/558","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBrooklyn is a borough of New York City. It is named after the Dutch town of Breukelen. It is located on the westernmost edge of Long Island and shares a border with Queens.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=588.0,595.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/559","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBoston, Massachusetts is the capital and largest city in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. The city was founded in 1630 by Puritan settlers. During the American Revolution, the city was the location of various key events including the Boston Tea Party, the Boston Massacre, and the siege of Boston.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=598.0,645.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/560","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRichmond is the capital city of Virginia and among America’s oldest major cities. During the Revolutionary War period, several notable events occurred in the city, including Patrick Henry's \"Give me liberty, or give me death!\" speech in 1775 at St. John's Church and the passage of the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom written by Thomas Jefferson. During the American Civil War, Richmond was the capital of the Confederate States of America. The White House of the Confederacy is now a museum in Court End, a neighborhood known for Federal-style mansions. The Jackson Ward neighborhood is the city's traditional hub of African-American commerce and culture, once known as the \"Black Wall Street of America\" and the \"Harlem of the South.\" \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=744.0,777.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/561","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eNew Orleans, Louisiana sits on the Mississippi River near the Gulf of Mexico. The city is nicknamed the \"Big Easy\" and is known for its live-music scene and cuisine that reflects the French, African and American cultures that influenced the city.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=744.0,777.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/562","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMiami is a city located in south Florida on the coast of the Atlantic Ocean. It is the second largest city in Florida and the county seat of Miami-Dade County.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=744.0,777.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/563","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Winecoff Hotel fire of December 7, 1946 killed 119 hotel occupants, including the hotel's owners. Located at 176 Peachtree Street in downtown Atlanta, the Winecoff Hotel opened in 1913 and was advertised as “absolutely fireproof.” While the hotel's steel structure was protected against the effects of fire, the hotel's interior finishes were combustible, and the building's exit arrangements consisted of a single stairway serving all 15 floors. All of the hotel's occupants above the fire's origin on the third floor were trapped. The fire's survivors either were rescued from upper-story windows or jumped into nets held by firemen. It remains the deadliest hotel fire in United States’ history, and prompted many changes in building codes. The most informative book on this fire is \u003cem\u003eThe Winecoff Fire: The Untold Story of America’s Deadliest Hotel Fire\u003c/em\u003e by Sam Heys and Allen B. Goodwin (Longstreet Press, 1993).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=789.0,903.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/564","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRalph Kahn Uhry (1904-1955) was a native of Plaquemine, Louisiana who lived in Atlanta, Georgia where he became a vice-president for National Manufacturing and Stores, a firm founded by the family of his wife Alene Fox Uhry. He was a furniture designer and artist. He was the father of playwright Alfred Uhry, the author of \u003cem\u003eDriving Miss Daisy\u003c/em\u003e and historian and author Ann Uhry Abrams. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=943.0,959.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/565","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAlene Fox Uhry (1909-2002) was a native Atlantan and only child of Alfred and Lena Guthman Fox. Alene graduated from Girl’s High School and Wellesley College. She married Ralph Uhry in 1931, and they had two children, Ann Uhry Abrams and Alfred Uhry. Alene’s mother was Lena Guthman Fox, who was the inspiration for the character ‘Miss Daisy’ in the play \u003cem\u003eDriving Miss Daisy\u003c/em\u003e written by her grandson, Alfred Uhry.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=943.0,959.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/566","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAlfred Fox Uhry (b. 1936) was born in Atlanta. Uhry is a playwright, screenwriter, and member of the Fellowship of Southern Writers. He is one of very few writers to receive an Academy Award, Tony Award (2) and the Pulitzer Prize for dramatic writing. Uhry's early work for the stage was as a lyricist and librettist for a number of musicals. \u003cem\u003eDriving Miss Daisy\u003c/em\u003e (1987) is the first in what is known as his Atlanta Trilogy of plays and earned him the Pulitzer Prize for Drama. He adapted it into the screenplay for the 1989 film that was awarded the Academy Award for Writing Adapted Screenplay. Uhry wrote the screenplay not only for the film version of \u003cem\u003eDriving Miss Daisy \u003c/em\u003ebut also for the 1993 film Rich in Love. He co-wrote the screenplay for the 1988 film \u003cem\u003eMystic Pizza.\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=961.0,1009.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/567","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eDriving Miss Daisy\u003c/em\u003e (1987) is the first in what is known as Alfred Uhry’s \"Atlanta Trilogy\" of plays earning him the Pulitzer Prize for Drama. Uhry adapted it into the screenplay for the 1989 Academy Award winning film of the same name. The film stars Jessica Tandy, Morgan Freeman, and Dan Aykroyd. The story of Miss Daisy Werthan, a Southern Jewish widow and Hoke Colburn, her Black chauffeur, is set in Atlanta between 1948 and 1973 as their 25-year friendship reflects the social changes in the American South.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=961.0,1009.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/568","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSavannah is the oldest city in the state of Georgia. It is a coastal city, separated from Charleston, South Carolina by the Savannah River. The city and the colony of Georgia was founded in 1733 when General James Oglethorpe and settlers arrived. During the Revolutionary War the city was the southernmost commercial port and during the Civil War it was the sixth most populous city in the Confederacy. City officials negotiated a peaceful surrender of the city in 1864, saving the city from destruction by General Sherman’s army. The city is known for its historic district with its 22 parklike squares, which was based on a design known as the Oglethorpe Plan.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=961.0,1009.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/569","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePiedmont Atlanta Hospital was founded in 1906 as the Piedmont Sanitarium. As of 2021, it is a 643-bed, non-profit hospital located on Peachtree Road in Buckhead.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=1072.0,1215.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/570","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe William Breman Jewish Home is a nursing home in Atlanta providing short and long-term dementia, Alzheimer’s, and nursing care. Formerly the Jewish Home, it first opened in 1951 at 260 14th Street, NW, on land that had been donated by real estate developer Ben J. Massell. The Home’s growth called for a larger, updated facility, leading to the construction of a new building at 3150 Howell Mill Road, NW. The second Jewish Home opened on February 16, 1971. In 1991, it was renamed the William Breman Jewish Home to honor and recognize its third president, Bill Breman, as the prime motivator of the modern-day facility.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=1072.0,1215.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/571","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHaas \u0026amp; Dodd Insurance, Inc. was an Atlanta-based insurance agency acquired by Missouri-based Ascension Insurance, Inc. in 2009. The agency specialized in property and casualty insurance, employee benefits, and workers' compensation for businesses and individuals.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=1072.0,1215.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/572","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMontag Brothers, Inc. was established in 1896 in Atlanta by brothers Sigmund, Adolph, William, Edward, and Ludwig Montag. It became one of the leaders in the stationery industry and the largest stationery and school supply manufacturer and distributor in the Southeast. The company was well-known for marketing their “Blue Horse” school supplies with an annual contest for students to receive prizes by saving wrappers with the “Blue Horse” logo. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=1072.0,1215.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/573","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Atlanta Symphony Orchestra (ASO) is an American orchestra based in Atlanta, Georgia, USA. The ASO's main concert venue is Atlanta Symphony Hall in the Woodruff Arts Center.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=1217.0,1242.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/574","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Atlanta Opera is an opera company located in the Atlanta metropolitan area. Founded in 1979, it produces mainstage opera productions and arts education programs for Metropolitan Atlanta and the Southeast. [1] The Atlanta Opera is an opera company located in the Atlanta metropolitan area. Founded in 1979, it produces mainstage opera productions and arts education programs for Metropolitan Atlanta and the Southeast. In 2007, The Atlanta Opera moved into its new performance home at the Cobb Energy Performing Arts Centre where it produces four mainstage productions each season.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=1217.0,1242.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/575","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSan Francisco, California is officially the city and county of San Francisco. It is the commercial, financial, and cultural center of Northern California. The city was founded in 1776 as a Spanish mission and officially incorporated in 1850. The city is known for landmarks including the Golden Gate Bridge, cable cars, Alcatraz prison, Chinatown, and the Mission districts.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=1351.0,1400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/576","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe San Francisco Symphony is the symphony orchestra of the Bay Area in California. It is located in Davies Symphony Hall in San Francisco, California. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=1351.0,1400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/577","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe San Francisco Opera (SFO) is an American opera company founded in 1923 by Gaetano Merola and is based in San Francisco, California. It is located in the War Memorial Opera House.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=1351.0,1400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/578","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eArthur Rubinstein (Polish: Artur Rubinstein; 1887-1982) was a Polish-American pianist. He is widely regarded as one of the greatest pianists of all time. He received international acclaim for his performances of the music written by a variety of composers, and many regard him as one of the greatest Chopin interpreters of his time. He played in public for eight decades.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=1351.0,1400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/579","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eYehudi Menuhin (1916-1999) was an American-born violinist and conductor who spent most of his performing career in Britain. He is widely considered one of the greatest violinists of the twentieth century. He was born to Russian-Jewish parents in the United States, but became a citizen of Switzerland in 1970, and of the United Kingdom in 1985. He made his first public appearance when he was seven years old as solo violinist with the San Francisco Symphony Orchestra. He performed for Allied soldiers during World War II and for the surviving inmates of a number of concentration camps in 1945 He performed for Allied soldiers during World War II and for Holocaust survivors in 1945 in concentration camps after their liberation, including at Bergen-Belsen.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=1351.0,1400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/580","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Metropolitan Opera, also known colloquially as the Met, is an American opera company in New York City. The Met was founded in 1883 and moved to its current location in Lincoln Center in 1966. The Met has a large symphony orchestra, a chorus, and children’s choir. The Met also often hosts freelance performers.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=1401.0,1451.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/581","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBlanche Levy Oppenheimer Aronstam (1890-1954) was born in San Francisco. She was an opera singer and was instrumental in the founding of the San Francisco Opera company. She was married to Selby Charles Oppenheimer from 1915 until his death in 1941. She married Louis Aronstam in 1943 and moved to Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=1475.0,1536.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/582","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWorld War II (abbreviated WWII or WW2) was a global war involving fighting in most of the world and most countries. Most countries fought in the years 1939–1945 but some started fighting in 1937. Most of the world's countries, including all the great powers, fought as part of two military alliances: the Allies and the Axis Powers. World War II was the largest and deadliest conflict in all of history. It involved more countries, cost more money, involved more people, and killed more people than any other war in history. Between 50 to 85 million people died. The majority were civilians. It included massacres, the deliberate genocide of the Holocaust, strategic bombing, starvation, disease, and the only use of nuclear weapons against civilians in history.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=1537.0,1544.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/583","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDeKalb–Peachtree Airport, also known as Peachtree–DeKalb Airport, is a county-owned, public-use airport in DeKalb County, Georgia. The airport is located in the city of Chamblee, just northeast of Atlanta.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=1549.0,1649.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/584","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Norden Mk. XV, known as the Norden M series in U.S. Army service, is a bombsight that was used by the United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) and the United States Navy during World War II, and the United States Air Force in the Korean and the Vietnam Wars. It was an early tachometric design, which combined optics, a mechanical computer, and an autopilot for the first time to not merely identify a target but fly the airplane to it. The bombsight directly measured the aircraft's ground speed and direction, which older types could only estimate with lengthy manual procedures. The Norden further improved on older designs by using an analog computer that continuously recalculated the bomb's impact point based on changing flight conditions, and an autopilot that reacted quickly and accurately to changes in the wind or other effects.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=1549.0,1649.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/585","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCorpus Christi is a coastal city in Texas and the county seat and largest city of Nueces County. The region is served by the Corpus Christi International Airport. Corpus Christi is home to Naval Air Station Corpus Christi, one of two locations training primary student pilots and advanced multiengine pilots of the US Navy, Marine Corps, and Coast Guard.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=1549.0,1649.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/586","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Standard Club is a Jewish social club that started as the “Concordia Association” in 1867 in Downtown Atlanta. In 1905, it was reorganized as the “Standard Club” and moved into the former mansion of William C. Sanders near the site of Center Parc Credit Union Stadium (formerly Turner Field). In the late 1920s the club moved to Ponce de Leon Avenue in Midtown Atlanta. Later, the club moved to what is now the Lenox Park business park and was located there until 1983. In the 1980s, the club moved to its present location in Johns Creek in Atlanta’s northern suburbs.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=1549.0,1649.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/587","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJean Aronstam Cohen (1922-1998) was born in Atlanta, Georgia, to Louis and Rita Aronstam. She attended Mary Baldwin College and King-Smith Studio School in Washington, D.C. During World War II, she served in the American Red Cross Motor Corps. She was an Honorary Director of the William Breman Jewish Home, a Trustee of the Jewish Educational Loan Fund, and a member of the Board of Visitors of Grady Memorial Hospital. She was a past President of Service Guild, Inc., a past vice president of The Temple Sisterhood, and a past vice president of the Atlanta chapter of Brandeis University. She was the founder and general manager of the Jean A. Cohen Gift Shop at the William Breman Jewish Home. She was married to Herbert Cohen Sr., and they had three children: Mary Ann Kaplan, Bruce Cohen, and Susan Emmons.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=1549.0,1649.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/588","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Roxy Theatre was a movie palace in Atlanta, Georgia. It was demolished to make way for the Peachtree Westin Hotel. It should not be confused with the Coca-Cola Roxy Theatre, originally the Buckhead Theatre, a different building in Buckhead. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=1666.0,1725.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/589","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Paramount Theater, located on Peachtree Street in downtown Atlanta, Georgia, opened in 1920 as the Howard Theater. In 1929, the name changed to the Paramount Theater. The building was demolished in 1960.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=1666.0,1725.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/590","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLoew's Grand Theater, originally DeGive's Grand Opera House, was a movie theater at the corner of Peachtree and Forsyth Streets in downtown Atlanta. It was most famous as the site of the 1939 premiere of \u003cem\u003eGone with the Wind\u003c/em\u003e. The Georgia-Pacific Tower was built on the former site of the theater.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=1666.0,1725.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/591","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Fox Theatre is located on Peachtree Street in Midtown Atlanta. The theater was originally planned as part of a large Shrine Temple as evidenced by its Moorish design. The theater was ultimately developed as a lavish movie palace, opening in 1929. The auditorium replicates an Arabian courtyard under a night sky of flickering stars and drifting clouds. The Fox Theatre now hosts cultural and artistic events, and concerts by popular artists.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=1666.0,1725.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/592","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eKnown sometimes as the “Ansley Hotel,” Hotel Ansley was located on Williams Street in downtown Atlanta. It was built in 1913 and named for Edwin P. Ansley, developer of the Ansley Park neighborhood. In 1930, the radio station WGST moved its studios to the hotel. In 1939, the hotel had 400 rooms with en suite bathrooms and radio. In 1952 it was sold and renamed the Dinkley Plaza Hotel. The building was razed in 1972 and the Hyatt Regency Hotel is now on the site.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=1726.0,1866.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/593","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Atlanta Biltmore Hotel on West Peachtree Street in Atlanta opened in 1924. The 11-story hotel and the 10-story apartment buildings were located in Midtown. There were towering radio masks on each end of the building, with vertical illuminated letters on them that spell out “BILTMORE.” In 1967 it was sold to Sheraton Hotels and became the Sheraton-Biltmore Hotel. The building has now been renovated and turned into office space and condominiums and is still called the “Biltmore.”\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=1726.0,1866.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/594","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Capital City Club is a private social club founded in Atlanta in 1883. It is among the oldest social organizations in the South. The Club presently operates three facilities, the oldest of which, the downtown Atlanta club. The Capital City Country Club, located in Brookhaven, was leased in 1913 and purchased in 1915. In the autumn of 2002 an additional club facility, the Crabapple Golf Club, was completed in the city of Milton, in the northern portion of Fulton County.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=1726.0,1866.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/595","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Druid Hills Golf Club is a private country club located in the Druid Hills neighborhood of Atlanta, Georgia. Founded in 1912, the club's facilities include golf, dining, tennis, fitness, and swimming. The course has frequently hosted U.S. Women's Open qualifying tournaments.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=1726.0,1866.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/596","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Ancient Arabic Order of the Nobles of the Mystic Shrine, commonly known as “Shriners,” was established in 1870 and is part of the Freemasons. Now called “Shriners International,” it has nearly 200 chapters around the world. It is best known for the Shriners Hospitals for Children it administers and the red fezzes that the members wear.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=1902.0,2012.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/597","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eKrispy Kreme, Inc. (previously Krispy Kreme Doughnuts, Inc.) is an American multinational doughnut company and coffeehouse chain. Krispy Kreme was founded by Vernon Rudolph, who bought a yeast-raised recipe from a New Orleans chef, rented a building in 1937 in what is now historic Old Salem in Winston-Salem, North Carolina, and began selling to local grocery stores. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=1902.0,2012.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/598","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBrookhaven, formerly North Atlanta, is a city in the northeastern suburbs of Atlanta that is located in western DeKalb County, Georgia, directly northeast of Atlanta. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=1902.0,2012.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/599","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePearl Harbor is located on the island of Oahu, Hawaii, west of Honolulu. Much of the harbor and surrounding lands is a United States Navy deep-water naval base. It is also the headquarters of the United States Pacific Fleet. On December 7, 1941 the Japanese surprised the United States by attacking the United States’ fleet, which was docked in Pearl Harbor. Just before 8 a.m. on that Sunday morning, hundreds of Japanese planes descended on the base, where they managed to destroy or damage nearly 20 American naval vessels, including eight battleships, and over 300 airplanes. More than 2,400 Americans died in the attack, including civilians, and another 1,000 people were wounded. The surprise attack on Pearl Harbor was the beginning of World War II for the United States, which until that time had remained neutral. A few days later, Germany declared war on the United States as well and we began fighting in the Pacific and Europe.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=1902.0,2012.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/600","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eStanford University is a private research university in Stanford, California. The university was founded in 1885 by railroad magnate Leland Stanford and his wife Jane in memory of their only child, Leland Jr. Leland Stanford was the eighth governor of and senator of California.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=1902.0,2012.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/601","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe University of California, Berkeley (UC Berkeley, Berkeley, Cal, or California) is a public land-grant research university in Berkeley, California. Founded in 1868 and named after the Anglo-Irish philosopher George Berkeley, it is the state's first land-grant university and is the founding campus of the University of California system. The university is organized around fifteen schools of study on the same campus. The Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory was founded as the university's Radiation Lab before being subsumed by the U.S. Department of Energy. Berkeley was a founding member of the Association of American Universities and was one of the original eight \"Public Ivy\" schools. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=1902.0,2012.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/602","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe University of Wisconsin–Madison (University of Wisconsin, Wisconsin, UW, UW–Madison, or simply Madison) is a public land-grant research university in Madison, Wisconsin. UW–Madison is the official state university of Wisconsin and the flagship campus of the University of Wisconsin System. It was the first public university established in Wisconsin and remains the oldest and largest public university in the state. UW–Madison is one of the twelve founding members of the Association of American Universities, a selective group of major research universities in North America. It is considered a Public Ivy and is classified as an R1 University. UW–Madison was also the home of both the prominent \"Wisconsin School\" of economics and diplomatic history. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=1902.0,2012.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/603","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eYMCA, sometimes regionally called the Y, is a worldwide youth organization based in Geneva, Switzerland, with more than 64 million beneficiaries in 120 countries. It was founded on 6 June 1844 by Sir George Williams in London, originally as the Young Men's Christian Association, and aims to put Christian principles into practice by developing a healthy \"body, mind, and spirit.\"\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=2017.0,2128.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/604","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSeattle is a seaport city on the West Coast of the United States in the state of Washington. It is surrounded by water, mountains, and evergreen forests, and contains thousands of acres of parkland. Seattle is home to the headquarters of many major companies including Boeing, Microsoft, Amazon, and Alaska Airlines. Seattle is also known for its music scene, including jazz in the early to mid-20th century and the rock and grunge scene in the 1990’s. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=2135.0,2147.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/605","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSephardic Jews are the Jews of Spain, Portugal, North Africa, and the Middle East, and their descendants. The adjective “Sephardic” and corresponding nouns Sephardi (singular) and Sephardim (plural) are derived from the Hebrew word Sepharad, which refers to Spain. Historically, the vernacular language of Sephardic Jews was Ladino, a Romance language derived from Old Spanish, incorporating elements from the old Romance languages of the Iberian Peninsula, Hebrew, Aramaic, and in the lands receiving those who were exiled, Ottoman Turkish, Arabic, Greek, Bulgarian, and Serbo-Croatian vocabulary.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=2147.0,2151.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/606","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eRoots: The Saga of an American Family\u003c/em\u003e is a 1976 novel written by Alex Haley. It tells the story of Kunta Kinte, an 18th-century Mandinka, captured as an adolescent, and transported to North America. It explores his life and those of his descendants in the United States, down to Haley. The novel was adapted as a television miniseries, Roots (1977). The novel spent forty-six weeks on \u003cem\u003eThe New York Times\u003c/em\u003e Best Seller list, including twenty-two weeks at number one. The last seven chapters of the novel were later adapted in the form of a second miniseries, \u003cem\u003eRoots: The Next Generations\u003c/em\u003e (1979). It stimulated interest in African American genealogy and an appreciation for African American history.  \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=2151.0,2172.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/607","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEllis Island is an island located in New York Harbor, that is situated between New York and New Jersey. It is owned by the United States government and was the busiest immigrant inspection and processing station in the United States from 1892-1954. Today it is part of the Statue of Liberty National Monument and is now a national museum on immigration.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=2174.0,2349.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/608","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTarzan is a fictional character, a feral child raised in the African jungle by the Mangani great apes; he later experiences civilization, only to reject it and return to the wild as a heroic adventurer. Created by Edgar Rice Burroughs, Tarzan first appeared in the novel \u003cem\u003eTarzan of the Apes\u003c/em\u003e (magazine publication 1912, book publication 1914), and subsequently in 23 sequels, several books by Burroughs and other authors, and innumerable works in other media, both authorized and unauthorized. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=2458.0,2510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/609","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAlexander Murray Palmer Haley (1921-1992) was an American writer and the author of the 1976 book \u003cem\u003eRoots: The Saga of an American Family\u003c/em\u003e. ABC adapted the book as a television miniseries of the same name and aired it in 1977 to a record-breaking audience of 130 million viewers. In the United States, the book and miniseries raised public awareness of black American history and inspired a broad interest in genealogy and family history. Haley's first book was \u003cem\u003eThe Autobiography of Malcolm X\u003c/em\u003e, published in 1965, a collaboration through numerous lengthy interviews with Malcolm X.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=2514.0,2592.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/610","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA bier is a movable frame on which a coffin or a corpse is placed before burial or cremation, or on which it is carried to the grave.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=2593.0,2678.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/611","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eShiva\u003c/em\u003e, literally “seven,” is the week-long mourning period in Judaism for first-degree relatives: father, mother, son, daughter, brother, sister and spouse. The ritual is referred to as “sitting \u003cem\u003eshiva\u003c/em\u003e.” Immediately after burial, first-degree relatives assume the status of “mourner.” This state lasts for seven days, during which the family members traditionally gather in one home and receive visitors. At the funeral, mourners traditionally wear an outer garment, a ritual known as “\u003cem\u003ekerish\u003c/em\u003e.” This garment is worn throughout \u003cem\u003eshiva\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=2593.0,2678.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/612","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Monterey Peninsula anchors the northern portion of the Central Coast of California and comprises the cities of Monterey, Carmel, and Pacific Grove, and the resort and community of Pebble Beach.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=2739.0,2746.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/613","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePebble Beach is an unincorporated community on the Monterey Peninsula in Monterey County, California. The small coastal residential community of mostly single-family homes is also notable as a resort destination, and the home of the golf courses of Cypress Point Club, Monterey Peninsula Country Club, and Pebble Beach Golf Links. Nonresidents are charged a toll to use 17-Mile Drive, the main road through Pebble Beach, making it a de facto gated community.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=2747.0,2981.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/614","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCarmel-by-the-Sea, commonly known simply as Carmel, is a city in Monterey County, California, located on the Central Coast of California. Situated on the Monterey Peninsula, Carmel is a tourist destination, known for its natural scenery and artistic history. The Spanish founded a settlement in 1771, when Mission San Carlos Borromeo de Carmelo was relocated by St. Junípero Serra from Monterey. When the Carmel Development Company was formed in 1902, Carmel became an art colony and seaside resort, which was incorporated in 1916.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=2747.0,2981.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/615","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSanta Clara University is a private Jesuit university in Santa Clara, California, United States. Established in 1851, Santa Clara University is the oldest operating institution of higher learning in California. The university's campus surrounds the historic Mission Santa Clara de Asís, which traces its founding to 1777. The campus mirrors the Mission's architectural style and contains Mission Revival architecture and other Spanish Colonial Revival styles. The university is classified as a \"Doctoral/Professional\" university.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=2747.0,2981.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/616","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJesuit schools are Catholic high schools or universities that are run Jesuits. Jesuits are members of an apostolic Roman Catholic community known as the Society of Jesus.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=2747.0,2981.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/617","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe High Holy Days are the two holiest times of the Jewish calendar: \u003cem\u003eRosh HaShanah\u003c/em\u003e (Jewish New Year) and \u003cem\u003eYom Kippur\u003c/em\u003e (Day of Atonement). \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=2747.0,2981.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/618","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSalinas is a city in California and the county seat of Monterey County. Salinas is the most populous city in Monterey County. The city is located at the mouth of the Salinas Valley, about eight miles from the Pacific Ocean, and it has a climate more influenced by the ocean than the interior.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=2747.0,2981.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/619","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Catechism of the Catholic Church is a reference work that summarizes the Catholic Church's doctrine. It was promulgated by Pope John Paul II in 1992 as a reference for the development of local catechisms, directed primarily to those (in the church) responsible for catechesis and offered as \"useful reading for all other Christian faithful\". It has been translated into and published in more than twenty languages worldwide.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=2747.0,2981.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/620","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA \u003cem\u003ebar mitzvah\u003c/em\u003e [Hebrew: son of commandments; plural: \u003cem\u003eb’nai mitzvah\u003c/em\u003e] is a rite of passage for Jewish boys aged 13 years and one day. At that time, a Jewish boy is considered a responsible adult for most religious purposes. He is now duty-bound to keep the commandments, he puts on \u003cem\u003etefillin\u003c/em\u003e, and may be counted to the \u003cem\u003eminyan\u003c/em\u003e quorum for public worship. He celebrates the bar mitzvah by being called up to the reading of the \u003cem\u003eTorah\u003c/em\u003e in the synagogue, usually on the next available Sabbath after his Hebrew birthday.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=2981.0,2998.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/621","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTraditionally, a \u003cem\u003ebrit milah\u003c/em\u003e [Hebrew: Covenant of Circumcision], which involves surgically removing the foreskin of the penis, is performed on infant male Jews on the eighth day of the child's life. It is a tradition that dates back the biblical patriarch Abraham. For Jews, circumcision is a sign of the Jewish people’s covenant with G-d. Even during the Holocaust, Jews tried to observe this practice. Because non-Jews in continental Europe generally were not circumcised, German and collaborationist police commonly checked males apprehended in raids. For boys attempting to hide their Jewish identity, using a public restroom or participating in sports could lead to their discovery.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=2981.0,2998.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/622","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Boy Scouts of America (BSA, colloquially the Boy Scouts) is the largest scouting organization and one of the largest youth organizations in the United States, with about 2.3 million youth participants and about one million adult volunteers. The BSA was founded in 1910, and since then, about 110 million Americans participated in BSA programs at some time in their lives. BSA is part of the international Scout Movement and became a founding member organization of the World Organization of the Scout Movement in 1922.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=2981.0,2998.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/623","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eShabbat\u003c/em\u003e (Hebrew) or \u003cem\u003eShabbos/Shabbes\u003c/em\u003e (Yiddish) is the Jewish Sabbath and is observed on Saturdays. Shabbat observance entails refraining from work activities and engaging in restful activities to honor the day. Shabbat begins at sundown on Friday night and is ushered in by lighting candles and reciting a blessing. It is closed the following evening with the recitation of the \u003cem\u003ehavdalah\u003c/em\u003e blessing.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=3003.0,3004.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/624","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSaint Mary's College of California is a private Catholic college in Moraga, California. Established in 1863, it is administered by the De La Salle Brothers. The college offers undergraduate and graduate programs.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=3251.0,3377.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/625","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eUntil the Civil Rights Act of 1964 officially ended what were known as “Jim Crow” laws, racial segregation was mandated in practically every aspect of public life in the South beginning in the 1890's. Some examples of Jim Crow laws are the segregation of public schools, places, and public transportation and the segregation of restrooms, restaurants and drinking fountains for whites and blacks. Private businesses, political parties, and unions also created their own Jim Crow arrangements, barring Blacks from buying homes in certain neighborhoods, from shopping or working in certain stores, from working at certain trades, etc.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=3472.0,3517.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/626","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA bootblack is a person who shines shoes and boots for a living.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=3472.0,3517.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/627","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Progressive Club was a Jewish social organization in Atlanta, Georgia. It was established in 1913 by Russian Jews who felt unwelcome at the Standard Club, where German Jews were predominant. At first the club was located in a rented house until a new club was built on Pryor Street including a swimming pool and a gym. In 1940 the club opened a larger facility at 1050 Techwood Drive in Midtown with three swimming pools, tennis, and softball. In 1976 the club moved north to 1160 Moore’s Mill Road near Interstate 75. The property was eventually sold to the YMCA as the club faced financial challenges. The Carl E. Sanders Family YMCA at Buckhead, which stands on the former site of the Progressive Club, opened in 1996.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=3624.0,3635.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/628","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Mayfair Club opened in 1938 at 1456 Spring Street in Midtown Atlanta and was a focal point of Jewish life in the city for more than 25 years.  The club was founded in 1930 and first met at the Biltmore Hotel. The club was visited by Eleanor Roosevelt, Israeli Prime Minister Golda Meir, mayors Ivan Allen and William Berry Hartsfield, senators Herman Talmadge and Richard Russell, and Governor Carl Sanders.  Fire destroyed the Mayfair Club on December 4, 1964.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=3624.0,3635.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/629","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Temple, or “Hebrew Benevolent Congregation,” is Atlanta’s oldest Jewish congregation. The cornerstone was laid on the Temple on Garnett Street in 1875. The dedication was held in 1877 and the Temple was located there until 1902. The Temple’s next location on Pryor Street was dedicated in 1902. The Temple’s current location in Midtown on Peachtree Street was dedicated in 1931. The main sanctuary is on the National Register of Historic Places. The Reform congregation now totals approximately 1500 families. As of 2022, its Senior Rabbi is Peter S. Berg.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=3635.0,3636.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/630","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRabbi Dr. David Marx (1872-1962) was a long-time rabbi at the Temple in Atlanta, Georgia. A native of New Orleans, he led the congregation’s move toward the practices of Reform Judaism. He served as rabbi from 1895 to 1946. When he retired, Rabbi Jacob Rothschild took the pulpit that Rabbi Marx had held for more than half a century.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=3636.0,3707.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/631","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Jewish Educational Alliance (JEA) operated from 1910 to 1948 on the site where the Atlanta-Fulton County Stadium was later located. The JEA was once the hub of Jewish life in Atlanta. Families congregated there for social, educational, sports and cultural programs. The JEA ran camps and held classes to help some new residents learn to read and write English. For newcomers, it became a refuge, with programs to help them acclimate to a new home. The JEA stayed at that site until the late 1940s, when it evolved into the Atlanta Jewish Community Center and moved to Peachtree Street. It stayed there until 1998, when the building was sold and the center moved to Dunwoody. In 2000, it was renamed the “Marcus Jewish Community Center of Atlanta.”\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=3807.0,3808.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/632","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIntermarriage is marriage between people of different races, castes, or religions. In this case, a marriage between a Jew and a non-Jew.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=3808.0,3840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/633","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAshkenazi Jews [also known as Ashkenazic Jews or Ashkenazim] are Jews who originally lived in northern and eastern Europe. They once lived in the area of Rhineland and France and after the crusades they moved to Poland, Lithuania and Russia. In the 17th century, avoiding persecution, many Jews moved to and settled in Western Europe. As of 2018, Ashkenazim account for about 75% of the world's Jewish population.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=3808.0,3840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/634","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRabbi Jacob Mortimer \"Jack\" Rothschild (1911-1973) served as rabbi of Atlanta’s oldest Reform congregation, the Temple, from 1946 until his death in 1973 from a heart attack. A native of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, he forged close relationships with the city’s Christian clergy and distinguished himself as a charismatic spokesperson for civil rights.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=3840.0,3886.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/635","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAhavath Achim Synagogue (often referred to as \"AA\") was founded as an Orthodox congregation in 1887 in a small room on Gilmer Street. In 1901 they moved to a permanent building at the corner of Piedmont Avenue and Gilmer Street. In 1921, the congregation constructed a synagogue at Washington Street and Woodward Avenue. It joined the Conservative movement in 1952. The final service in the Washington Street building was held in 1958 to make way for construction of the Downtown Connector (the concurrent section of Interstate 75 and Interstate 85 through Atlanta). The synagogue moved to its current location on Peachtree Battle Avenue in 1958. As of 2022, Ahavath Achim is the largest Conservative synagogue in the Atlanta area and its current Senior Rabbi is Laurence Rosenthal.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=3840.0,3886.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/636","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Temple on Peachtree Street in Atlanta, Georgia was bombed in the early morning hours of October 12, 1958. About 50 sticks of dynamite were planted near the building and tore a huge hole in the wall. No one was injured in the bombing as it was during the night. Rabbi Jacob Rothschild was an outspoken advocate of civil rights and integration and friend of Martin Luther King Jr. Five men associated with the National States’ Rights Party, a white separatist group, were tried and acquitted in the bombing.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=4017.0,4389.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/637","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFireman's Fund Insurance Company was an insurance company based in Petaluma, California, which provided personal, commercial property, and casualty insurance products in the United States. The company was a principal U.S. subsidiary of Allianz, a global financial services company.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=4017.0,4389.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/638","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Hartford Insurance Group, Inc., usually known as The Hartford, is an American investment and insurance company. The Hartford is the 13th-largest property and casualty insurance company in the United States. It sells products primarily through a network of agents and brokers, and has also been the auto and home insurance writer for AARP members for more than 25 years.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=4017.0,4389.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/639","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJames Earl “Jimmy” Carter Jr. (1924-2024) was the 39th President of the United States from 1977 to 1981. A member of the Democratic Party, he previously served as a Georgia State Senator from 1963 to 1967 and as the 76th governor of Georgia from 1971 to 1975. Founder of the Carter Center, he was awarded the 2002 Nobel Peace Prize for work to find peaceful solutions to international conflicts, to advance democracy and human rights, and to promote economic and social development. He is the author of numerous books, including \u003cem\u003ePalestine: Peace Not Apartheid\u003c/em\u003e (2006), \u003cem\u003eAn Hour Before Daylight\u003c/em\u003e (2001) and \u003cem\u003eOur Endangered Values\u003c/em\u003e (2005). In October 2024, he turned 100 years old, making him the longest living U.S. President.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=4542.0,4558.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/640","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRonald Wilson Reagan (1911-2004) was the 40th President of the United States. He served from 1981 to 1989 and he was a Republican. Reagan began his career in the entertainment industry, from 1947 to 1952, and from 1959 to 1960, Reagan served as the president of the Screen Actors Guild. During the 1950’s, he worked in television and spoke for General Electric. He was elected governor of California in 1966 and in 1980, Reagan won the Republican nomination and then a landslide victory over incumbent Democratic president Jimmy Carter in the presidential election. Reagan implemented \"Reaganomics\", which involved economic deregulation and cuts in both taxes and government spending during a period of stagflation. Additionally, he expanded the war on drugs, signing the Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1986 and 1988 to specify penalties for drug offenses. Both bills have been criticized in the years since for promoting racial disparities. Reagan has also been criticized for his slow and minimal response to the AIDS epidemic in the United States, which began early in his presidency. Reagan and Soviet Union leader Mikhail Gorbachev held four summit conferences between 1985 and 1988 and Reagan is credited with ushering in a new era of trade and openness between the two powers. On March 30, 1981, Reagan was shot by John Hinckley Jr. outside the Washington Hilton and recovered after undergoing surgery.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=4559.0,4564.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/641","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGeorge Herbert Walker Bush (1924-2018) was an American politician, diplomat, and businessman who served as the 41st president of the United States from 1989 to 1993. A member of the Republican Party, he also served as the 43rd vice president from 1981 to 1989 under Ronald Reagan and previously in various other federal positions, including United States Ambassador to the United Nations and director of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). He attended Phillips Academy and served as a pilot in the United States Navy Reserve during World War II before graduating from Yale and moving to West Texas, where he established a successful oil company. Foreign policy drove Bush's presidency as he navigated the final years of the Cold War and played a key role in the reunification of Germany. He presided over the invasion of Panama and the Gulf War, ending the Iraqi occupation of Kuwait. He championed and signed three pieces of bipartisan legislation in 1990, the Americans with Disabilities Act, the Immigration Act and the Clean Air Act Amendments. With the victory of his son, George W. Bush, in the 2000 presidential election, the two became the second father–son pair to serve as the nation's president, following John Adams and John Quincy Adams. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=4559.0,4564.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/642","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eNative Atlantan, philanthropist and community leader Erwin Zaban (1921-2010) was known by many as the “G-dfather of the Jewish Community.” After quitting school to help in his father’s Depression-era business at age 15, Zaban built successful businesses worth billions of dollars and donated millions to worthy causes. He worked alongside his parents to build Zep Manufacturing Company. Zep later merged with National Linen and became National Service Industries, a Fortune 500 Company. He donated and raised money for undeveloped land in Dunwoody that became Zaban Park, home of the Marcus Jewish Community Center of Atlanta. He donated money to the Jewish Home, for which the Zaban Tower is named. He helped create the homeless couples’ shelter at The Temple which bears his name.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=4566.0,4716.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/643","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWilliam Bernstein \"Bill\" Schwartz Jr. (1922-2010) was a United States Ambassador to the Bahamas from 1977 to 1981, appointed by President Jimmy Carter. He was a graduate of Druid Hills High School in Atlanta and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. He served in the United States Navy during World War II. He was vice-president of National Service Industries, and president of Weine Investment, a private family investment firm. He was president of The Temple in Atlanta when it was bombed in 1958 and president of the Atlanta chapter of the American Jewish Committee.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=4566.0,4716.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/644","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eNassau is the capital and largest city of The Bahamas. It is the center of commerce, education, law, administration, and media of the country. Nassau is the site of the House of Assembly and various judicial departments and was historically considered to be a stronghold of pirates. The city was named in honor of William III of England, Prince of Orange-Nassau. Nassau's modern growth began in the late eighteenth century, with the influx of thousands of Loyalists and their slaves to The Bahamas following the American War of Independence. Many of them settled in Nassau and eventually came to outnumber the original inhabitants.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=4566.0,4716.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/645","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCongregation Emanu-El of New York is the first Reform Jewish congregation in New York City. It has served as a flagship congregation in the Reform branch of Judaism since its founding in 1845. The Art Deco building it uses was built from 1928 to 1930 and is one of the largest synagogue buildings in the world. The congregation currently comprises about 2,500 families and has been led by Senior Rabbi Joshua M. Davidson since July 2013. The Temple houses the Bernard Museum of Judaica, the congregation's collection of more than 1,000 Jewish ceremonial art objects.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=4759.0,4899.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/646","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCongregation Emanu-El of San Francisco, California is one of the three oldest Jewish congregations in California, and one of the largest Jewish congregations in the United States. The congregation was founded in 1926. A member of the Union for Reform Judaism, Congregation Emanu-El is a significant gathering place for the Bay Area Jewish community.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=4759.0,4899.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/647","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWilshire Boulevard Temple is in Los Angeles, California and is the oldest Jewish congregation in Los Angeles. From 1862 to 1933, it was known as Congregation B’nai B’rith.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=4759.0,4899.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/648","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLos Angeles, California is located southern California. It’s the state’s largest city and the second largest city in the United States. It has long been known as the center of the United States film and television industry.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=4759.0,4899.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/649","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eReform Judaism is a division within Judaism, especially in North America and the United Kingdom. Historically it began in the 19th century. In general, the Reform movement maintains that Judaism and Jewish traditions should be modernized and compatible with participation in Western culture. While the \u003cem\u003eTorah\u003c/em\u003e remains the law, in Reform Judaism women are included (mixed seating, \u003cem\u003ebat mitzvah\u003c/em\u003e, and women rabbis), instrumental music is allowed in the services, and most of the service is in the local language as opposed to Hebrew.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=4759.0,4899.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/650","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePhilip Trammell Shutze (1890-1982) was an American architect born in Columbus, Georgia. He became a partner in 1927 of the firm Hentz, Adler \u0026amp; Shutze. He designed many well-known buildings in the Atlanta area including the Temple, the Swan House, the East Lake Golf Club Clubhouse, and Henry W. Grady High School’s original 1924 building and 1950 renovations.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=5165.0,5166.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/651","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCecil Abraham Alexander, Jr. (born Henry Alexander II, 1918-2013) was an American architect, principally a designer of commercial architecture, best known for his work in Atlanta, Georgia. He worked with the firm FABRAP, which, in 1985, became Rosser FABRAP International and later Rosser International. Together with other architects of the firm, he \"shaped the skyline of Atlanta.\"\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=5220.0,5312.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/652","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBernard “Rocky” Berman Rothschild (1915-2005) was an architect born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He moved to Atlanta, Georgia after World War II and in 1948, formed the firm Alexander and Rothschild with partner Cecil Alexander, Jr. In 1958, Alexander and Rothschild merged with another firm to create the prominent architectural firm of Finch, Alexander, Barnes, Rothschild and Paschal (FABRAP) which is today known as Rosser, FABRAP International. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=5220.0,5312.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/653","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFABRAP, or Finch, Alexander, Barnes, Rothschild and Paschal, was an architectural firm founded in Atlanta, Georgia, in 1958. They specialized in sports stadiums and developed the headquarters for several major Atlanta businesses. FABRAP was hired and partnered with other firms to develop the headquarters for First National Bank in 1966, Coca-Cola in 1979, and Southern Bell in 1982. In 1984, FABRAP merged with Atlanta engineering firm Rosser White Hobbs Davidson McClellan Kelly to form Rosser Fabrap International. In 1993, the firm was renamed Rosser International.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=5220.0,5312.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/654","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA \u003cem\u003ebat mitzvah\u003c/em\u003e [Hebrew: daughter of commandments] is a rite of passage for Jewish girls aged 12 years and one day according to her Hebrew birthday. Many girls have their \u003cem\u003ebat mitzvah\u003c/em\u003e around age 13, the same as boys who have their\u003cem\u003e bar mitzvah\u003c/em\u003e at that age. The \u003cem\u003ebat mitzvah\u003c/em\u003e girl is now duty bound to keep the commandments. Synagogue ceremonies are held for \u003cem\u003ebat mitzvah\u003c/em\u003e girls in Reform and Conservative communities, but it has not won the approval of Orthodox rabbis.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=5329.0,5693.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/655","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRabbi Alvin M. Sugarman (1938-2025) is the Rabbi Emeritus of the Temple in Atlanta and currently serves with life tenure. He began his rabbinate at the Temple in 1971 and in 1974 was named senior rabbi. A native of Atlanta, Rabbi Sugarman's family were members of the Temple, where he was also confirmed. He received his BBA from Emory University and was ordained by Hebrew Union College. In 1988 he received his PhD in Theological Studies from Emory University.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=5329.0,5693.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/656","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAlso known as Masorti Judaism, Conservative Judaism is a form of Judaism that seeks to preserve Jewish tradition and ritual, but has a more flexible approach to the interpretation of the law than Orthodox Judaism. It attempts to combine a positive attitude toward modern culture, while preserving a commitment to Jewish observance. In general, Conservative congregations also observe gender equality (mixed seating, women rabbis, and \u003cem\u003ebat mitzvah\u003c/em\u003e). The governing body for Conservative Judaism in the United States is the United Synagogue of Conservative Judaism (USCJ), formerly known as the United Synagogue of America.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=5329.0,5693.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/657","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Temple Sisterhood was established in 1912 and is the oldest congregation-sponsored women's organization in Atlanta. It was initiated by Temple Rabbi David Marx, who felt that a women's group could help in the development of the synagogue as both a religious and educational gathering place for members of the congregation. Previously, the responsibility for many of these activities fell to the Atlanta Section of the National Council of Jewish Women, an organization founded by Temple members. Josephine Kaufman was the first Sisterhood president. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=5329.0,5693.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/658","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Zaban Paradies Center (originally called the Temple Zaban Night Shelter for the Homeless) was founded in 1984 as the first and only shelter for homeless couples in Atlanta. It provides housing and two meals daily for homeless couples. In lieu of paying a fee to reside at the Center, couples are assigned chores and are assisted in breaking the cycle of homelessness.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=5329.0,5693.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/659","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGenesis Shelter was a transitional housing for homeless mothers and their newborn children. The shelter was originally located in the basement of the Zaban Paradies Center. The shelter was started in 1991 with funding from public and private grants and 16 churches and synagogues. The shelter provided social workers and childcare workers to help train homeless families to be self-sufficient. In 2014, Genesis Shelter merged with Our House and became one organization that serves families experiencing homelessness at two different sites. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=5329.0,5693.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/660","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGrady Memorial Hospital is the largest hospital in Georgia, and the fifth-largest public hospital in the United States. It is considered one of premier public hospitals in the Southeast. The 961-bed hospital was founded in 1890.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=5329.0,5693.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/661","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOrthodox Judaism is a traditional branch of Judaism that strictly follows the written \u003cem\u003eTorah\u003c/em\u003e and the oral law concerning prayer, dress, food, sex, family relations, social behavior, the Sabbath day, holidays, and more.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=5329.0,5693.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/662","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJewish men cover their heads during prayer with a small skullcap called a \u003cem\u003eyarmulke\u003c/em\u003e (Yiddish), \u003cem\u003ekippah\u003c/em\u003e (Hebrew) or \u003cem\u003eyamaka\u003c/em\u003e (Yiddish). Orthodox Jewish men wear it at all times to remind themselves of G-d’s presence.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=5753.0,6079.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/663","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBruce Beresford (b. 1940) is an Australian film director, opera director, screenwriter, and producer. He began his career during the Australian New Wave, and has made more than 30 feature films over a 50-year career, both locally and internationally in the United States. He is a two-time Academy Award nominee and a four-time AACTA/AFI Awards winner out of 10 total nominations. Beresford's films include \u003cem\u003eBreaker Morant \u003c/em\u003e(1980), \u003cem\u003eTender Mercies\u003c/em\u003e (1983), \u003cem\u003eCrimes of the Heart\u003c/em\u003e (1986), and \u003cem\u003eDriving Miss Daisy\u003c/em\u003e (1989) – which won four Oscars, including Best Picture. He has also been nominated for two BAFTA Awards, a Golden Globe Award, and a Directors Guild of America Award, and won a Genie Award. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=5753.0,6079.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/664","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eBreaker Morant \u003c/em\u003eis a 1980 Australian biographical war drama film directed by Bruce Beresford, who also co-wrote the screenplay based on Kenneth G. Ross's 1978 play of the same name. The film concerns the 1902 court martial of lieutenants Morant, Peter Handcock, and George Witton—one of the first war crime prosecutions in British military history. Australians serving in the British Army during the Second Anglo-Boer War, Morant, Handcock, and Witton stood accused of murdering captured enemy combatants and an unarmed civilian in the Northern Transvaal. The film is notable for its exploration of the Nuremberg Defense, the politics of the death penalty, and the human cost of total war.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=5753.0,6079.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/665","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWilliam Edward Crystal (b. 1948) is an American comedian, actor, and filmmaker. He is known as a standup comedian and for his film and stage roles. Crystal has received numerous accolades, including six Primetime Emmy Awards and a Tony Award as well as nominations for three Grammy Awards and three Golden Globe Awards. He was honored with a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 1991, the Mark Twain Prize for American Humor in 2007, the Critics' Choice Lifetime Achievement Award in 2022, and the Kennedy Center Honors in 2023.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=5753.0,6079.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/666","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJessica Tandy (1909-1994) was an English-American stage and film actress who spent most of her 67-year career in the United States. She appeared in over 100 stage production and had more than 60 roles in film and TV, including as “Miss Daisy” in \u003cem\u003eDriving Miss Daisy\u003c/em\u003e (1989).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=5753.0,6079.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/667","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA contemptuous term or ethnic slur for a Black or dark-skinned person. The word originated as a term referring to people with Black skin, as a variation of the noun \"negro.\" It is an extremely offensive racial slur and is often referred to as \"the N-word.\"\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=6270.0,6424.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/668","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLena Guthman Fox (1877-1973) was the youngest child of Lena and Isaac Guthman. She was a teacher until her marriage to Alfred Fox, who was the founder of Fox Manufacturing. She and Alfred had one daughter, Alene Fox Uhry. Lena was the inspiration for the character “Miss Daisy” in Driving Miss Daisy written by her grandson, Alfred Uhry.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=6270.0,6424.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/669","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eVinings, Georgia is located in Cobb County Georgia. It sits on the Chattahoochee River across from Buckhead. It is located about 11 miles northwest of Atlanta.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=6270.0,6424.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/670","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eArnall Golden and Gregory is a law firmed in 1949 founded by Ellis G. Arnall, Sol I. Golden, and Cleburne Gregory, Jr. The firm continues to operate today with nearly 200 attorneys in Atlanta, Georgia and Washington D.C.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=6427.0,6448.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/671","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Coca-Cola Company is an American multinational corporation founded in 1892, best known as the producer of the soft drink Coca-Cola. The drink industry company also manufactures, sells, and markets other non-alcoholic beverage concentrates and syrups, and alcoholic beverages. Coca-Cola was created in the late 19th century as an alcohol-free or temperance drink by John Stith Pemberton in Atlanta, Georgia. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=6448.0,6451.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/672","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLouis Cameron Gossett Jr. (1936-2024) was an American actor. He made his stage debut at the age of 17. Shortly thereafter, he successfully auditioned for the Broadway play \u003cem\u003eTake a Giant Step\u003c/em\u003e. Gossett continued acting onstage in critically acclaimed plays, including \u003cem\u003eA Raisin in the Sun\u003c/em\u003e (1959), \u003cem\u003eThe Blacks\u003c/em\u003e (1961), \u003cem\u003eTambourines to Glory\u003c/em\u003e (1963), and \u003cem\u003eThe Zulu and the Zayda\u003c/em\u003e (1965). In 1977, Gossett appeared in the popular miniseries \u003cem\u003eRoots\u003c/em\u003e, for which he won Outstanding Lead Actor for a Single Appearance in a Drama or Comedy Series at the Emmy Awards. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=6728.0,6741.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/673","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eUnited States Penitentiary, Alcatraz Island, also known simply as Alcatraz or the Rock, was a maximum security federal prison on Alcatraz Island, 1.25 miles off the coast of San Francisco, California. The island became adapted and used as a prison of the Federal Bureau of Prisons in August 1934 after the buildings were modernized and security increased. Given this high security and the island's location in the cold waters and strong currents of San Francisco Bay, prison operators believed Alcatraz to be escape-proof and America's most secure prison. The prison closed in 1963, but Alcatraz was reopened as a public museum that is one of San Francisco's major tourist attractions. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=6748.0,6754.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/674","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMorgan Freeman (b. 1937) is an American actor, producer, and narrator. In a career spanning six decades, he has received numerous accolades, including an Academy Award and a Golden Globe Award, as well as a nomination for a Grammy Award and a Tony Award. He was honored with the Kennedy Center Honor in 2008, an AFI Life Achievement Award in 2011, the Cecil B. DeMille Award in 2012, and the Screen Actors Guild Life Achievement Award in 2018. In a 2022 readers' poll by Empire, he was voted one of the 50 greatest actors of all time.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=6754.0,6818.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/675","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBeijing, previously romanized as Peking, is the capital city of China. With more than 22 million residents, it is the world's most populous national capital city as well as China's second largest city by urban area after Shanghai. Beijing is a global city and one of the world's leading centers for culture, diplomacy, politics, finance, business and economics, education, research, language, tourism, media, sport, science and technology, transportation, and art. It is home to the headquarters of most of China's largest state-owned companies and houses the largest number of Fortune Global 500 companies in the world. The city has hosted numerous international and national sporting events, the most notable being the 2008 Summer Olympics and 2008 Summer Paralympic Games.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=6977.0,6996.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/676","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAffirmative action refers to policies that take factors including “race, color, religion, sex, or national origin” into consideration to the benefit of an underrepresented group “in areas of employment, education and business.” The concept of affirmative action was introduced in the early 1960s to combat racial discrimination in the hiring process, and in the 1967, the concept was expanded to include gender.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=7086.0,7102.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/677","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMartin Luther King, Jr. (1929-1968) is best known for his role as a leader in the Civil Rights Movement and the advancement of civil rights using nonviolent civil disobedience based on his Christian beliefs. A Baptist minister, King became a civil rights activist early in his career. He led the 1955 Montgomery Bus Boycott and helped found the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) in 1957, serving as its first president. With the SCLC, King led an unsuccessful struggle against segregation in Albany, Georgia, in 1962, and organized nonviolent protests in Birmingham, Alabama, that attracted national attention following television news coverage of the brutal police response. King also helped to organize the 1963 March on Washington, where he delivered his famous \"I Have a Dream\" speech. On October 14, 1964, King received the Nobel Peace Prize for combating racial inequality through nonviolence. In 1965, he and the SCLC helped to organize the Selma to Montgomery marches and the following year, he took the movement north to Chicago to work on segregated housing. King was assassinated on April 4, 1968 in Memphis, Tennessee. His death was followed by riots in many United States’ cities. King was posthumously awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom and the Congressional Gold Medal. Martin Luther King, Jr. Day was established as a holiday in numerous cities and states beginning in 1971, and as a United States federal holiday in 1986.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=7103.0,7345.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/678","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eThe Atlanta Journal-Constitution\u003c/em\u003e (AJC) is a major daily newspaper in the metropolitan area of Atlanta, Georgia. The newspaper is the result of the merger between \u003cem\u003eThe Atlanta Journal\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eThe Atlanta Constitution\u003c/em\u003e. Separate publication of the morning \u003cem\u003eConstitution\u003c/em\u003e and afternoon \u003cem\u003eJournal\u003c/em\u003e ended in 2001. \u003cem\u003eThe Constitution\u003c/em\u003e, as it was originally known, was first published in 1868. Its name changed to \u003cem\u003eThe Atlanta Constitution\u003c/em\u003e in 1869. \u003cem\u003eThe Atlanta Journal\u003c/em\u003e was established in 1883.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=7103.0,7345.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/679","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Ku Klux Klan (or Knights of the Ku Klux Klan today, also referred to as the KKK) is a white supremacist, white nationalist, anti-immigration, anti-Jewish, anti-Catholic, anti-Black secret society, whose methods have included terrorism and murder. It was founded in the South in the 1860s and then died out and has come back several times, most notably in the 1920s when membership soared again, and then again in the 1960s during the civil rights era. When the Klan was re-founded in 1915 in Georgia, the event was marked by a cross burning on Stone Mountain. In the past its members dressed up in white robes and pointed hoods designed to hide their identity and to terrify. It is still in existence.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=7350.0,7443.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/680","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eBrown v. Board of Education of Topeka\u003c/em\u003e (1954) was a landmark decision of the United States Supreme Court that declared state laws establishing separate public schools for Black and white students unconstitutional. The ruling paved the way for integration and the civil rights movement.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=7350.0,7443.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/681","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe National Conference of Christians and Jews (NCCJ) is an organization founded in 1928 to promote better understanding among Protestants, Catholics, and Jews. It is headquartered in New York City.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=7443.0,7464.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/682","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Better Business Bureau (BBB) is an American nonprofit organization founded in 1912. BBB's self-described mission is to focus on advancing marketplace trust, consisting of 92 independently incorporated local BBB organizations in the United States and Canada, coordinated under the International Association of Better Business Bureaus (IABBB). The Better Business Bureau is not affiliated with any governmental agency. Businesses that affiliate with BBB and adhere to its standards do so through industry self-regulation. The BBB rating system uses an A+ through F letter-grade scale. The grades represent BBB's degree of confidence that the business is operating in good faith and will resolve customer concerns filed with BBB. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=7443.0,7464.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/683","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Holocaust was the systematic, government-sponsored attempt by the German Nazi government to annihilate the Jews of Europe between 1939 and 1945, which resulted in the deaths of 6,000,000 Jews.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=7464.0,7818.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/684","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe International Chemical Workers' Union (ICWU) was a labor union representing workers in the chemical industry in the United States and Canada. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=7872.0,7935.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/685","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eScripto is an American company founded in Atlanta, Georgia, in 1923 by Monie A. Ferst. At one time, the largest producer of writing instruments in the world, it now produces butane lighters. The company was originally known as the M.A. Ferst Company until changing its name to Scripto, Latin for \"I write\", in 1924. Ferst sold mechanical pencils, pens, and pencils. Ferst increased his sales ability by adding advertising (such as customer names) and commemorative memorabilia to his product line.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=7872.0,7935.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/686","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCrown Candy Company is a candy company founded in 1917 in Atlanta, Georgia. In 1962, the business was purchased by E.L. Brooking, who was Vice President of Brock Candy Company and who had been involved in the candy business since 1940. The company moved to Macon, Georgia, in 1971 to a larger facility. The company continues to make candies at that location.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=7872.0,7935.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/687","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWellstar Atlanta Medical Center, formerly known as Georgia Baptist Hospital, is a hospital in Atlanta, Georgia operated by Wellstar Health System. It has 460 beds and over 700 physicians. The hospital is a Level I Trauma Center, and an Advanced Primary Stroke Center. It houses a Neurointensive Care Unit and a Level III Neonatal ICU.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=7872.0,7935.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/688","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMartin Luther King Sr. (1899-1984) was the father of Martin Luther King Jr. He was a Baptist pastor, missionary and an early figure in the Civil Rights Movement.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=7988.0,8271.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/689","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLyndon Wade (1934-2017) was born in Atlanta, Georgia. He earned a bachelor’s degree in social work from Morehouse College and a master’s degree from what is now Clark Atlanta University. He served in the United States Army and spent much of his time at Madigan Army Medical Center, a teaching hospital in Washington, as a clinical social worker. He returned to Atlanta in 1963 and took an assistant teaching position at Emory University’s Department of Psychiatry and used his influence to help open a mental health floor at Grady Memorial Hospital. He then became executive director of the Atlanta Urban League in 1968. The Georgia Senate recognized his work with a resolution passed in 2000, and the Atlanta Urban League honored him with its Legacy Award in 2010. He and his wife, Shirley, married in 1965, and they had four children together.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=7988.0,8271.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/690","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFormerly known as the ‘National League on Urban Conditions Among Negroes,’ is a non-partisan civil rights organization based in New York City that advocates on behalf of African- Americans and against racial discrimination in the United States.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=7988.0,8271.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/691","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMARTA is the common term for the Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority, which was created in 1965. During the 1970s, MARTA began acquiring land in and around the city of Atlanta, Georgia for construction of a rapid rail system. Today, MARTA operates a rail system with feeder bus operation and park-and-ride facilities throughout the metropolitan Atlanta area.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=7988.0,8271.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/692","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJohn Wesley Mack (1937-2018) was an American activist in the Civil Rights Movement. He was the executive director of the National Urban League chapter in Flint, Michigan, from 1964 to 1969. He served as the president of its Los Angeles chapter from 1969 to 2005, and as a member of the Los Angeles Board of Police Commissioners from 2005 to 2013. He was an advocate for equal opportunities in education, law enforcement and economic empowerment for blacks and other minorities.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=7988.0,8271.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/693","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOrenthal James \"O.J.\" Simpson (1947-2024), nicknamed \"the Juice\", is a retired American football player, broadcaster, and actor. In 1995, he was acquitted of the 1994 murders of his ex-wife, Nicole Brown Simpson, and Ronald Goldman after a lengthy and internationally publicized criminal trial, the \u003cem\u003ePeople v. Simpson\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=7988.0,8271.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/694","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Lovett School is a coeducational, private day school in Atlanta, Georgia, founded by Eva Edwards Lovett. The Lovett School was founded in 1926 and in 1957 became affiliated with the Episcopal Diocese of Atlanta. In 1963, after public schools in Atlanta began integrating, the Lovett School denied admission to three African American children: two members of the Episcopal Diocese, and Martin Luther King, III. In response, the Diocese disassociated itself with the school, and in the fall of 1963, Episcopalians from Atlanta and around the country picketed the school. In the fall of 1966, the school announced an admission policy that did not consider race or religion. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=8311.0,8384.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/695","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eShirley Johnson Wade (1937-2025) was an Atlanta businesswoman and active community citizen. She attended Morris Brown College, and while there, she joined the Epsilon Zeta Chapter of Zeta Phi Beta Sorority and participated in the marching band. She graduated with her A.B. degree in Education in 1959. Upon graduation, she began teaching with the Atlanta Public School System. In 1978, she became the first African American female concessionaire at the Old Atlanta Airport. There, she operated an ice cream shop until the opening of the new Atlanta Hartfield-Jackson International Airport, where she operated two ice cream shops and later two Oscar Meyer Hot Dog restaurants. She was a charter member of the Atlanta Chapter of The Sophisticates, and a member of The Urban League Guild of Greater Atlanta, the Continentals, the Phoenix Ladies, the Lovett School Parent Association, the Morris Brown Alumni Association, and the Atlanta Chapter of Jack and Jill of America. In 1965, she married Lyndon Wade, and they had four children.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=8311.0,8384.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/696","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePhi Delta Theta, also known as ‘Phi Delts’ or the ‘Phis,’ is an international social fraternity founded in 1848.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=8872.0,9042.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/697","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDelta Kappa Epsilon (ΔΚΕ), commonly known as DKE or Deke, is one of the oldest fraternities in the United States, with fifty-six active chapters and five active colonies across North America. It was founded at Yale College in 1844 by fifteen sophomores who were discontented with the existing fraternity order on campus. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=8872.0,9042.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/698","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Capital City Club is a private social club founded in Atlanta in 1883. It is among the oldest social organizations in the South. The Club presently operates three facilities, the oldest of which, the downtown Atlanta club. The Capital City Country Club, located in Brookhaven, was leased in 1913 and purchased in 1915. In the autumn of 2002 an additional club facility, the Crabapple Golf Club, was completed in the city of Milton, in the northern portion of Fulton County.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=9045.0,9138.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/699","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Piedmont Driving Club is a prestigious private social club located adjacent to Piedmont Park that was founded in 1887. New members have to be vouched for by three current members. The club prohibited Jewish and Black membership for most of its history, although today there are a few Black, Jewish, and other ethnic minority members.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=9045.0,9138.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/700","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJoseph Pettit (1916-1986) was an engineer and president of Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, Georgia, from 1972 to 1986. He oversaw Georgia Tech’s development into a major research center.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=9144.0,9337.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/701","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e“Good old boy(s)” is a phrase that generally refers to a white Southern man who conforms to the values, culture, or behavior of his peers, and typically disapproves of ideas or ways of behaving that are different from his own. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=9144.0,9337.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/702","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJames Strom Thurmond Sr. (1902-2003) was an American politician who represented South Carolina in the United States Senate from 1954 to 2003. Before his 49 years as a senator, he served as the 103rd governor of South Carolina from 1947 to 1951. Thurmond was officially a member of the Democratic Party in the Senate until 1964, when he joined the Republican Party. He had earlier run for president in 1948 as the Dixiecrat candidate in opposition to Democratic president Harry S. Truman, receiving over a million votes and winning four states. A staunch opponent of civil rights legislation, Thurmond completed the second-longest single-person Senate filibuster, at 24 hours and 18 minutes in length, in opposition to the Civil Rights Act of 1957.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=9144.0,9337.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/703","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThomas Marshall Hahn Jr. (1926-2016) was an American educator. He served as President of Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University from 1962 to 1974 and CEO of Georgia-Pacific Corporation from 1983 to 1993.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=9144.0,9337.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/704","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGeorgia-Pacific is a pulp and paper company based in Atlanta, Georgia. It is one of the largest international manufacturers and distributors of tissue, paper, paper dispensers, and packaging. It was founded as the Georgia Hardwood Lumber Co. in 1927, by Owen Robertson Cheatham in Augusta Georgia.  \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=9144.0,9337.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/705","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDoctor Henry Cliff Sauls (1887-1947) was a physician at Atlanta’s Piedmont Hospital. He graduated from Emory University Medical School in 1913. During World War I, Dr. Sauls enlisted as a captain with the Emory Medical Unit and served in the Army as a physician and surgeon at US Army Base Hospital 43 in Blois, France.  He had served as president of the Fulton County Medical Society and the board of trustees of Piedmont Hospital and as associate professor at Emory University Medical School. After his death, his legacy at Piedmont continued with the creation of the hospital’s first medical library, the Sauls Memorial Library, and the opening of the new Piedmont Hospital in 1957. In 2006, Dr. Sauls’ daughter, Laura, and her husband, John A. Wallace, established the Dr. Henry Cliff Sauls Endowment Fund at the Georgia Historical Society.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=9566.0,9809.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/706","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Standard Club is a Jewish social club that started as the “Concordia Association” in 1867 in Downtown Atlanta. In 1905, it was reorganized as the “Standard Club” and moved into the former mansion of William C. Sanders near the site of Center Parc Credit Union Stadium (formerly Turner Field). In the late 1920s the club moved to Ponce de Leon Avenue in Midtown Atlanta. Later, the club moved to what is now the Lenox Park business park and was located there until 1983. In the 1980s, the club moved to its present location in Johns Creek in Atlanta’s northern suburbs.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=10008.0,10115.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/707","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCitizens and Southern National Bank (C\u0026amp;S) began as a Georgia institution that expanded into South Carolina, Florida, and into other states via mergers. It is headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia and was the largest bank in the Southeast for much of the 20th century. The bank began in Georgia with the merger of the Citizens Bank of Savannah, established in 1887, and its crosstown rival, the Southern Bank of Georgia in 1906. Mills B. Lane had begun at Citizens Bank as a vice president and director in 1891. In 1901, Lane became president of Citizens Bank. In 1906, Lane and his associates purchased Southern Bank of Georgia enabling them to merge the two banks as the new C\u0026amp;S Bank. The newly merged banks were officially named the Citizens and Southern Bank of Georgia. In 1922 Citizens and Southern absorbed Central Bank and Trust Corp., the bank founded by Coca-Cola co-founder Asa Griggs Candler.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=10008.0,10115.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/708","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eKiwanis International is an international, coeducational service club founded in 1915. It is a volunteer-led organization dedicated to building better communities, children, and youth.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=10207.0,10473.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/709","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRotary International is an international service organization whose stated purpose is to bring together business and professional leaders in order to provide humanitarian services, encourage high ethical standards in all vocations, and help build goodwill and peace in the world. It is a secular organization consisting of Rotary Clubs with about 1.2 million members. Membership is by invitation only.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=10207.0,10473.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/710","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBirmingham is located in the north central part of the southern state of Alabama. It is the county seat of Jefferson county and the most populous city in the state. During the Civil Rights Movement of the 1950s and 1960s, the city received national and international attention. In 1963, local civil right activist Fred Shuttlesworth asked Martin Luther King Jr. and the Southern Christian Conference to come to the city to help end segregation. Their effort was known as Project C (Confrontation) and specifically attacked the Jim Crow systems that existed in the city. The sit-ins and mass marches were organized and lead to 3,000 arrests, but eventually lead to desegregation in the city and helped with the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Dr. King was among those arrested and jailed. During his time in jail, he wrote his famous Letter from Birmingham Jail. Birmingham was also the site of the 16th Street Baptist Church bombing in 1963, which killed four young black girls.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=10207.0,10473.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/711","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eUnited Way Worldwide is a privately-funded nonprofit, based in the United States. The United Way network is made up of nearly 1,800 autonomous 501c3 organizations, each governed and funded locally. The network spans more than 40 countries and territories and 6 continents. It serves 61 million people across the globe, fueled by 2.9 million volunteers and 8.3 million donors. Its predecessor organization was founded in Denver, Colorado in 1887, and it became known as the United Way in 1963.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=10593.0,10768.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/712","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Gate City Day Nursery Association was organized in 1905 for the purpose of providing a free kindergarten in Atlanta for African American children. A series of Atlanta University conferences studying African American home life, under the direction of Dr. W.E.B. Du Bois, revealed the need for some type of agency to care for neglected children left home alone to play in the streets. Mothers working full-time during the day were unable to meet the financial demands of private child care. ​A group of prominent Atlanta University and City of Atlanta women met this challenge by forming the “Gate City Free Kindergarten”, the first kindergarten for African American children in Atlanta. Today, there are three centers in Atlanta, providing services to all children regardless of their race, ethnicity, creed, gender, religion, or nationality.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=10593.0,10768.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/713","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJunior Leagues are educational and charitable women’s organizations aimed at improving their communities through voluntarism and building their members’ civil leadership skills through training. It is an international organization with 293 different chapters.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=10593.0,10768.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/714","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFulton County is a county in northern-central Georgia, it is the most populous county in the state and about 90 percent of Atlanta, Georgia is located within Fulton County. The county was created in 1853 from the western half of DeKalb County, after the American Civil War there was considerable violence against formerly enslaved people, including a high number of lynchings. In the late 20th century, Fulton County became home to many national and international corporate headquarters, allowing the county to become increasingly cosmopolitan and diverse. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=10593.0,10768.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/715","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSpelman College is a private, historically black women’s liberal arts college in Atlanta. It was founded in 1881 and was originally known as the Atlanta Baptist Female Seminary. In 1884, it was renamed Spelman Baptist Seminary in honor of Laura Spelman Rockefeller and her parents, Harvey Buel and Lucy Henry Spelman who along with Laura’s husband John D. Rockefeller were long time supporters of the school. In 1924, Spelman Baptist Seminary was officially named Spelman College. Today it is the second oldest private historically black liberal arts college for women in the U.S.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=10770.0,10864.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/716","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eClark Atlanta University is a private, Methodist historically black research university in Atlanta, Georgia. Clark College was founded in 1869 and was the first four-year liberal arts college to serve African American students. Atlanta University and Clark University consolidated in 1988 and formed Clark Atlanta University.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=10770.0,10864.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/717","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMorehouse College is a private historically black men’s liberal arts college in Atlanta, Georgia. The college was established in 1867, two years after the Civil War ended. Originally named Augusta Institute, it was founded to educate black men in theology. In 1879, the institute moved to Atlanta and changed its name to the Atlanta Baptist Seminary. In 1913, it was renamed Morehouse College after Henry L. Morehouse, corresponding secretary of the American Baptist Home Mission Society. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=10770.0,10864.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/718","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGreenwood Cemetery, opened in 1904, is designed in the Lawn style, with long vistas in all directions. Greenwood has a large Jewish section. Greenwood Cemetery is also the home of the Memorial to the Six Million, where Holocaust remembrance services are held every spring.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=10930.0,11103.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/719","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Herndon Home is a historic house museum and National Historic Landmark Atlanta, Georgia. A Classical Revival mansion with Beaux Arts influences, it was the home of Alonzo Franklin Herndon (1858-1927), a rags-to-riches success story who was born into slavery, but went on to become Atlanta's first black millionaire as founder and head of the Atlanta Life Insurance Company. The house was designed by his wife Adrienne, and was almost entirely built with African-American labor. The house was declared a National Historic Landmark in 2000, and had previously been declared a \"landmark building exterior\" by the city of Atlanta in 1989.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=10930.0,11103.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/720","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFourteen Atlantans who wanted to preserve the city’s history founded the Atlanta History Center in 1926. They called it the “Atlanta Historical Center.” Today it is the Atlanta History Center and is on a campus that houses the Atlanta History Museum, Centennial Olympic Games Museum, Swan House, Smith Family Farm, six historic gardens, and the Kenan Research Center. It also includes the Margaret Mitchell House, which is located off-site. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=10930.0,11103.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/721","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJewish Federation of Greater Atlanta is a regional branch of Jewish Federations of North America. It is an organization that focuses on serving the Atlanta Jewish community through philanthropic endeavors such as supporting infrastructure, including schools and synagogues. Federation supports the Jewish community but also welcomes people of various backgrounds, including interfaith, LGBT+, and multiracial people and families.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=10930.0,11103.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/722","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) is an African-American civil rights organization in the United States. It was formed in 1909 and its mission is “to ensure the political, educational, social, and economic equality of rights of all persons and to eliminate racial hatred and racial discrimination.”\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=11121.0,11174.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/723","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe American Civil Rights Movement encompasses social movements in the United States whose goal was to end racial segregation and discrimination against Black Americans and enforce constitutional voting rights to them. The movement was characterized by major campaigns of civil resistance. Between 1955 and 1968, acts of nonviolent protest and civil disobedience produced crisis situations between activists and government authorities. Noted legislative achievements during this phase of the Civil Rights Movement were passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the Voting Rights Act of 1965, the Immigration and Nationality Services Act of 1965, and the Fair Housing Act of 1968.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=11121.0,11174.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/724","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMyrtle Reid Davis (b. 1931) is a pharmacist and Atlanta city council member. She was born in South Carolina to Emmalee Reid and Carl Reid. She graduated from Xavier University in New Orleans, Louisiana. She moved to Atlanta in 1956 and married Dr. Albert M. Davis in 1957. She served on the boards of numerous Atlanta-based organizations, including the League of Women Voters of Fulton County, Gate City Day Nursery Association, and the Atlanta Urban League. Davis was co-executive director of Leadership Atlanta for ten years. In 1981, Davis ran for public office and was elected as a member of the Atlanta City Council. In 1994, she ran for mayor of Atlanta. She later became the coordinator for the 1996 Atlanta Expo, and in 1998, Davis retired from city government as water utility manager for the City of Atlanta. She has two daughters, Judge Stephanie C. Davis and Stacey Davis Stewart. Stephanie is a judge in the Magistrate Court of Fulton County, and Stacey is the senior vice president of Fannie Mae.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=11181.0,11223.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/725","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCleveland L. Dennard (1929-1992) was a management officer of the Martin Luther King Center for Nonviolent Social Change in Atlanta and a former college president of Atlanta University. He earned a bachelor's degree at Florida A\u0026amp;M University; a master's in industrial education at Colorado State University, and a doctorate in educational administration at the University of Tennessee. He was a longtime friend of both the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and Dr. King's wife, Coretta Scott King. He also headed a management consulting firm in Atlanta. Dr. Dennard served as a deputy commissioner of training for New York City's Human Resources Administration from 1963 to 1968. He married Belle Brooks, and they had four daughters.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=11224.0,11404.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/726","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWilliam A. \"Billy\" Sterne (1942-2025) was born in Atlanta, Georgia, and he attended the University of Georgia, where he was a member of the Sigma Alpha Epsilon Fraternity. He worked at Trust Company Bank of Georgia (later called SunTrust Bank and now Truist) for over 20 years. He retired from SunTrust as Executive Vice President of the Trust Department. He married Jane Reynolds Sterne, and they had two daughters.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=11224.0,11404.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/727","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Trust Company of Georgia, later SunTrust, and now Truist, is based in Atlanta. The stability and growth of the bank, with branches and affiliates in seven states and the District of Columbia, serves as a measurement of the economic growth of the New South since the end of reconstruction.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=11224.0,11404.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/728","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eQuentin V. Williamson (1918-1985), a native of Atlanta, Georgia was a realtor and civil rights leader. He founded Q.V. Williamson \u0026amp; Company, a real estate business in Atlanta. He was president and chairman of the National Association of Real Estate Brokers. In 1966, he became the first black since Reconstruction to serve on the Atlanta Board of Alderman (now the Atlanta City Council).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=11224.0,11404.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/729","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDoctor William Bruce Shropshire III (1924-2025) was a dentist in Atlanta, Georgia. His wife, Doctor Mirian Chivers Shropshire, was a physician. They had three children. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=11409.0,11459.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/730","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWilliam \"Bill\" Craig Campbell (b. 1953) was the 57th Mayor of Atlanta, Georgia and the third African-American mayor in the city's history. At the age of seven, Campbell became the first black student to attend an all-white school in Raleigh, North Carolina’s City Schools. He later graduated from William G. Enloe High School. Campbell received a B.A. from Vanderbilt University, and a J.D. from Duke University Law School. Campbell was convicted in 2006 of federal charges of tax evasion and went to prison from 2006 to 2008.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=11605.0,11668.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/731","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Georgia World Congress Center (GWCC) is a convention center in Atlanta, Georgia. Enclosing some 3.9 million square-feet in exhibition space and hosting more than a million visitors each year, the GWCC is the third-largest convention center in the United States. Opened in 1976, the GWCC was the first state-owned convention center established in the United States. The center is operated on behalf of the state by the Georgia World Congress Center Authority, which was chartered in 1971 by Georgia General Assembly to develop an international trade and exhibition center in Atlanta.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=11670.0,11806.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/732","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Georgia Dome was a domed stadium in Atlanta. It was owned and operated by the State of Georgia as part of the Georgia World Congress Center Authority. Opened in 1992, it was then the second-largest covered stadium in the world by capacity, behind the Pontiac Silverdome. Though the Georgia Dome was a profitable facility, its primary tenant, the Atlanta Falcons of the National Football League, grew dissatisfied with it less than two decades after its opening and began planning for a replacement stadium. It was closed and demolished in 2017. The Georgia Dome's successor, Mercedes-Benz Stadium, was built adjacent to the south and opened on August 26, 2017.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=11670.0,11806.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/733","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDoctor Albert Davis was an activist and Atlanta physician. He graduated from Morehouse College and Howard University. During World War II, he was an Army Major administering medical aid to African American troops in Europe. He was instrumental in desegregating hospitals and medical facilities. He was the first African American appointed to the State Board of Workmen’s Compensation and was president of both the Atlanta and Georgia Medical Associations. He married pharmacist and Atlanta city council member, Myrtle Davis, in 1957, and they had two daughters.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=11670.0,11806.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/734","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMorris Berthold Abram (1918-2000) was an American lawyer, civil rights activist and leader in the Jewish community who grew up in Fitzgerald, Georgia. Defending civil rights workers in Georgia in 1963, Abram won decisions that helped overturn the state's insurrection and illegal assembly laws, which had been used against civil rights demonstrators. Over the years, Abram helped bring civil rights cases to the United States Supreme Court. President John F. Kennedy named him the first general counsel to the Peace Corps in 1961. President Lyndon B. Johnson made him United States representative to the United Nations Commission on Human Rights, co-chairman of the Planning Committee of the White House Conference on Civil Rights and a member of the Committee on the Office of Economic Opportunity. Abram served as President of Brandeis from 1968-1970. He was the Representative of the United States to the European Office of the United Nations from 1989 to 1993. In 1993 he founded United Nations Watch while he was Honorary President of the American Jewish Committee. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=11937.0,11991.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/735","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe University of Georgia (UGA) is a public land grant university, which was founded in 1785 making it one of the oldest universities in the United States. Its main campus is in Athens, Georgia with two satellite campuses in Atlanta and Lawrenceville. It is the flagship school of the University System of Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=11992.0,12047.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/736","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSchnorrer\u003c/em\u003e (also spelled shnorrer) is a Yiddish pejorative term for a beggar who, unlike ordinary beggars, presents himself as respectable and feels entitled to the alms received.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=12291.0,12355.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/737","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWelfare Island (now known as ‘Roosevelt Island’) is a narrow island in New York City’s East River. It lies between Manhattan to the west and Queens on Long Island to its east.  In the nineteenth century, the island housed several hospitals, including a mental institution and a prison. In the twentieth century, the island became a residential area and is now served by a bridge. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=12419.0,12572.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/738","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRio de Janeiro, or simply Rio, is the capital of the state of Rio de Janeiro. It is the second-most-populous city in Brazil. Founded in 1565, the city was initially the seat of the Captaincy of Rio de Janeiro, a domain of the Portuguese Empire. Rio de Janeiro is one of the most visited cities in the Southern Hemisphere, known for its natural settings, Carnival, samba, bossa nova, and beaches, including Barra da Tijuca, Copacabana, Ipanema, and Leblon. In addition to the beaches, landmarks include the statue of Christ the Redeemer atop Corcovado mountain, named one of the New Seven Wonders of the World; Sugarloaf Mountain with its cable car; the Sambódromo, a permanent grandstand-lined parade avenue which is used during Carnival; and Maracanã Stadium, one of the world's largest football stadiums.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=12419.0,12572.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/739","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTimbuktu is an ancient city in Mali, situated 12 miles north of the Niger River. It is the capital of the Tombouctou Region, one of Mali's eight administrative regions. Archaeological evidence suggests prehistoric settlements in the region, predating the city's Islamic scholarly and trade prominence in the medieval period. Different tribes governed until the French took over Mali in 1893, in a regime that lasted until the country became the Republic of Mali in 1960. In recent history, Timbuktu faced threats from extremist groups, leading to the destruction of cultural sites; efforts by local and international communities have aimed to preserve its heritage.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=12419.0,12572.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/740","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eElla Aronstam (1897-1976) was born in Massachusetts to Esther and Marcus Aronstam. She had two siblings, Alfred and Louis. She was a teacher in New York and started the first hospital school class for disabled children in Brooklyn in 1917 at St. Giles Hospital, where she worked until 1942. She was also associated with Camp Lenore in Hinsdale, Massachusetts, for 37 years, working with the disabled children there. She worked with Wilma Soss as an American shareholder activist. During her retirement, she moved to Atlanta to be closer to her brother and his children.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=12662.0,12689.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/741","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Federation of Women Shareholders in American Business (FOWSAB) was founded in 1947 by Wilma Soss. It was a shareholder advocacy nonprofit founded in 1947 by Wilma Soss to promote financial literacy and increase women's participation in corporate governance. Soss was elected the first president on October 28, 1948. She would continue to be involved with the FWSAB as chair for 39 years.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=12662.0,12689.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/742","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eThe New York Times\u003c/em\u003e is an American daily newspaper, founded and continuously published in New York City since September 18, 1851.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=12690.0,12817.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/743","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAT\u0026amp;T Inc. is an American multinational telecommunications corporation. AT\u0026amp;T is the largest provider of fixed telephones in the United States and the second largest provider of mobile telephone service.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=12690.0,12817.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/744","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWilma Porter Soss (1900-1986) was an American shareholder activist. She worked in public relations before committing to shareholder activism full-time in the late 1940’s. Soss held stock in over 100 American corporations and regularly attended shareholder meetings for many of those companies, where she advocated for changes such as increased representation of women on their boards of directors. Soss founded and chaired the Federation of Women Shareholders in American Business as part of her advocacy. Soss's work inspired the Broadway play and 1956 film \u003cem\u003eThe Solid Gold Cadillac\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=12690.0,12817.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/745","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eThe Encyclopaedia [Encyclopædia] Britannica\u003c/em\u003e (Latin for 'British Encyclopaedia') is a general-knowledge English-language encyclopedia. It has been published since 1768, and after several ownership changes, is currently owned by Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.. The 2010 version of the 15th edition, which spans 32 volumes and 32,640 pages, was the last printed edition. Since 2016, it has been published exclusively as an online encyclopedia at the website Britannica.com.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=12690.0,12817.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/746","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJohn Gilbert (1914-2002) was an activist who spent more than 60 years fighting, along with his older brother, Lewis, for the rights of small shareholders. The brothers, who at one time owned shares in about 1,500 companies, at their peak attended as many as 150 annual corporate meetings a year. He and his wife Margaret, had one daughter.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=12690.0,12817.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/747","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eManitowoc is a city in Manitowoc County, Wisconsin, and its county seat. It is located on Lake Michigan at the mouth of the Manitowoc River. The population was 34,626 at the 2020 census.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=12690.0,12817.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/748","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMahjong is a tile-based game that was developed during the Qing dynasty in China and has spread throughout the world since the early 20th century. It is commonly played by four players. Mahjong is a game of skill, strategy, and calculation and it involves a degree of chance.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=12819.0,12939.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/749","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCanasta is a classic rummy-type card game. It typically played by four players in pairs with the goal of forming melds or combinations of cards of the same rank. The first team to reach a predetermined score, usually 5,000 points, wins.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=12819.0,12939.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/750","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Merchandise Mart is a wholesale trade center located in Downtown Atlanta, Georgia. The Mart opened in 1957, as Atlanta Market Center (AMC) and is now known as the AmericasMart Atlanta. Some permanent showrooms are open daily, though many are open only part of the time or during trade shows. AmericasMart Atlanta is not open to the public and only employees and guests of registered businesses are admitted. John C. Portman designed the Atlanta Mart and held many positions of leadership since its founding.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=12819.0,12939.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/751","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eNeiman Marcus is an American department store chain that was founded in 1907 in Dallas, Texas. It was founded by Herbert Marcus, his sister Carrie Marcus Neiman and her husband Abraham Lincoln Neiman. The company has been owned by Neiman Marcus Group since 1987, and is a sister brand to luxury department store Bergdorf Goodman.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=12819.0,12939.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/752","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSaks Fifth Avenue, formally Saks \u0026amp; Company, is an American luxury department store selling primarily clothing. It was founded by Andrew Saks in Washington, D.C. in 1867. Today it is headquartered in New York City after expanding to Fifth Avenue in Manhattan in 1924. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=12819.0,12939.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/753","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMortimer William (Bill) Breman (1908-2000), owner of the Breman Steel Company, was a longtime resident and community leader of Atlanta, Georgia. Bill received numerous humanitarian and human relations awards for the extensive community service work that he did, including the Distinguished Service Award of the Gate City Lodge of B'nai B'rith (1965); the American Jewish Committee Human Relations Award (1981) and the Abe Goldstein Humanitarian Award of the Anti-Defamation League (1984). He served as president of the Temple and the Jewish Home, now called the William Breman Jewish Home. Bill also founded the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=12940.0,12966.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/754","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAtlanta native Meyer Balser (1908-2004) was a business and civic leader. He served as chairman of the Red Cross and Community Chest (predecessor to United Way) campaigns. He was twice named \"Man of the Year\" of Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company, where he was a leading insurance agent for many years. He received numerous accolades and awards for his leadership in Atlanta’s Jewish community, including the Atlanta Jewish Community Center and the Atlanta Jewish Federation. The Meyer Balser Naturally Occurring Retirement Community at the William Breman Jewish Home, which offers programs and services to help seniors live independently in their own homes, is named in his honor. A book about his life by Vida Goldgar, \u003cem\u003eA Goal Worth Shooting For: The Biography of Meyer Balser\u003c/em\u003e, was published in 1998.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=12969.0,13112.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/755","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSmith, Gambrell \u0026amp; Russell (abbreviated SGR; also known as Smith Gambrell) is an American law firm originally founded in Atlanta, Georgia, in 1893. In 1966, the firm, now named Smith, Ringel, Martin \u0026amp; Lowe, merged with Cohen, Kohler, Barnwell \u0026amp; Chambers to form Smith, Cohen, Ringel, Kohler \u0026amp; Martin. In 1984, Smith, Cohen, Ringel, Kohler \u0026amp; Martin merged with Gambrell \u0026amp; Russell to form Smith, Gambrell \u0026amp; Russell.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=12969.0,13112.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/756","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) was created as a cabinet position in 1965 under President Lyndon B. Johnson’s War on Poverty. HUD administers federal housing and urban development laws. The secretary of housing and urban development heads it.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=12969.0,13112.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/757","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJulius Kurt Holland (1904-1979) was also known as J. Kurt Holland. He was born in Eberfiled, Germany and immigrated to the United States in 1923. He relocated in Atlanta, Georgia where he became an attorney. He was a president of The Temple, and was active in Atlanta Jewish organizations such as the Standard Club, B’nai B’rith Gate City Lodge, and the Jewish Home.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=13116.0,13146.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/758","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJoseph “Joe” Cuba (1909-1993), a native of Atlanta, Georgia, was a Certified Public Accountant and an Attorney-at-Law. In 1932, he assumed the presidency of the Southern Young Judaea Society, and after that time he actively participated in the leadership of Ahavath Achim Congregation, the Jewish Progressive Club, the Gate City Lodge of B’nai B’rith, the Southeastern Region United Synagogue of America, the Jewish Theological Seminary, the Atlanta Bureau of Jewish Education, the Jewish Home, the Standard Club, the Atlanta Jewish Federation, Jewish War Veterans, and the Georgia State University Alumni Association. During World War II, he enlisted in the Army Air Force. Joe Cuba founded the Max M. Cuba \u0026amp; Company (an accounting firm) with his brother, Max Cuba.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=13149.0,13483.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/759","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEdward Elson (b. 1934) is a former American ambassador to Denmark from 1993 to 1998. He was also a faculty and board member at the University of Virginia and served on boards including, Atlanta News Agency, Inc., W.H. Smith Holdings, and Bank of Gordon County. Elson was born in Norfolk, Virginia, and attended the University of Virginia and law school at Emory University. He is married to Suzanne G. Elson. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=13149.0,13483.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/760","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWashington, D.C. is the United States capital. The city sits on the Potomac River and borders Maryland and Virginia. The city is home to the three branches of the federal government including  the Capitol, the White House, and the Supreme Court. It is also home to various well-known museums and performing arts venues such as the Kennedy Center.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=13149.0,13483.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/761","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHerman Eugene Talmadge (1913-2002) was Governor of Georgia twice; once in 1947 and then from 1951 to 1955. He spent most of his public service in the United States Senate, serving from 1957 to 1981. He was a Democrat.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=13149.0,13483.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/762","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSection 202/8 was a past, combined HUD long-term program from 1976 to 1991 using direct loans to non-profits to build affordable housing for elderly and disabled individuals, with Section 8 providing the rental assistance for the units.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=13149.0,13483.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/763","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSidney Feldman (1921-2005) was born in Poland and immigrated to the United States. He was the son of Max and Eva London Feldman. Sidney worked as the chairman of The London-Feldman Companies, which he built with his aunt and uncle, Mary and Max London. He was a leader of many organizations, both nationally and in Atlanta. Among his many honors were the B’nai B’rith Man of the Year, the Anti-Defamation League Abe Goldstein Human Relation's Award, Prime Minister's Medallion on the 25th anniversary of Israel, the National Council of Christians and Jews “Good Neighbor Award,” and the American Jewish Committee Award for Advancing Understanding Among All People. He was National Vice-President of United Jewish Appeal, President Emeritus of the Jewish Federation of Greater Atlanta and past president of several organizations including the William Breman Jewish Home, and the Marcus Jewish Community Center. He and his wife, Clara Lazar had four children.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=13149.0,13483.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/764","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSandy Schriber London, born in Washington D.C. in 1941, led the Atlanta Jewish Federation’s women’s division for many years. She was a partner in the Atlanta Antique Exchange. She was married to Bob London, whose family were founders of London Iron and Metal. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=13149.0,13483.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/765","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Jewish Tower is a 200-apartment independent living facility in Atlanta, Georgia, located on the same campus as the William Breman Jewish Home and the Zaban Tower, although it is run separately from the Jewish Home and the Zaban Tower. The Jewish Tower was established in 1978. In 2024, renovations were completed and the Jewish Tower was renamed the Balser Tower.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=13486.0,13540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/766","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDalton is a city and the county seat of Whitfield County, Georgia. Dalton is located just off Interstate 75 in the foothills of the Blue Ridge Mountains in northwest Georgia and is the second-largest city in northwest Georgia, after Rome. Dalton is home to many of the nation's floor-covering manufacturers, primarily those producing carpet, rugs, and vinyl flooring. It is home to the Dalton Convention Center, which showcases the Georgia Athletic Coaches' Hall of Fame and hosts a variety of events.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=13486.0,13540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/767","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSamuel Leon Eplan (1896-1984) was a major presence in the Atlanta Jewish community throughout his life. He was born in Atlanta into a large family of six brothers and three sisters. His brothers were also prominent in the Jewish community life. His father was initially a peddler and then a grocer. In an interesting aside, the Coca-Cola Company rented the floor above his father's store for storage. One night a barrel of syrup burst and ruined some of his father's stock. Asa Candler, the president of Coca-Cola, apologized and offered Sam's father Coca-Cola stock in lieu of dollar damages. Sam's father turned it down, saying, “nobody was ever going to drink that drink!” He attended the first class of the Emory Law School and joined a Jewish fraternity. He later went on to become a prominent attorney in Atlanta. He married Bess Abelson (Eplan). He was also active in all the Jewish clubs in the area and the Ahavath Achim congregation.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=13805.0,13888.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/768","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLeon Samuel Eplan (1928-2021) was born in Jacksonville, Florida and moved to Atlanta, Georgia as a child. He was an urban planner who served as planning commissioner for the City of Atlanta. He was a graduate of Boys' High in Atlanta, and held degrees in sociology and regional planning from Emory University, University of Tennessee and University of North Carolina. He served in the United States Army.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=13805.0,13888.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/769","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Westminster Schools, founded in 1951, is a co-educational, Christian day school for students in kindergarten through grade 12. The school is widely regarded as one of the top private schools in the Atlanta area. Its campus is located in the Buckhead neighborhood.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=13975.0,13994.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/770","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePace Academy is a college preparatory private school for kindergarten through ninth-grade students. It is located in the Buckhead area of Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=13975.0,13994.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/771","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBuckhead is an area located northwest of Downtown Atlanta with gracious homes, elegant hotels, shopping centers, restaurants, and high-rise condominium and office buildings. It is a major commercial and financial center of the Southeast, and it is the third-largest business district in Atlanta, behind Downtown and Midtown.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=14006.0,14037.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/772","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe High Museum of Art in Atlanta is the leading art museum in the Southeastern United States. Located on Peachtree Street in Midtown, the High is a division of the Woodruff Arts Center. It was founded in 1905 as the Atlanta Art Association and renamed after the High family donated their house as an exhibit space in 1926. In 1983, a new 135,000-square-foot building designed by Richard Meier opened to house the Museum. In 2002, three new buildings designed by Renzo Piano more than doubled the Museum's size.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=14037.0,14258.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/773","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e“Five Points” refers to the downtown area of Atlanta, considered by many to be the center of town. It was the central hub of Atlanta until the 1960s, when the economic and demographic center shifted north toward the suburbs. It was recently revitalized, mostly due to Georgia State University having a large presence in the area. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=14037.0,14258.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/774","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEdward Moulthrop (1916-2003) was a noted architect and professor. He is best known as a woodturning artist whose art helped transform the genre into a widely respected art form. He was also an accomplished architect whose designs were used for several key structures around Atlanta, Georgia. Moulthrop has received many awards, including two medals from the American Institute of Architects in 1978 and 1980 and the Georgia Governor's Award in the Arts in 1981.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=14037.0,14258.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/775","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eArnaldo Pomodoro (1926-2025) was an Italian sculptor based in Milan. His signature works are Sphere Within Sphere (Sfera con Sfera), bronze spheres with smooth exterior and broken interiors. They are displayed in public spaces such as the United Nations Headquarters, the University of California, Berkeley, Trinity College Dublin, the Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden in Washington, D.C., Tel Aviv University in Israel, and at the Vatican Museums.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=14037.0,14258.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/776","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAnn Fernandez Jacob (1932-2020) was an Atlanta-based artist and gallery owner. She was born and started her career in New York, moving to Atlanta in the 1960’s. She operated Ann Jacob Gallery for 50 years, and it became a fixture first of Peachtree Center, then Phipps Plaza, in Atlanta, and other locations, including New York and Palm Beach. She married Ernst Manfred Jacob, and they had two daughters. Ernst died in his 30’s, and Ann eventually remarried David Lindsay Schoenfeld. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=14280.0,14406.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/777","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePhipps Plaza is an upscale shopping mall on Peachtree Road in Atlanta’s Buckhead neighborhood. In 1969, Phipps Plaza opened as the first multi-level mall in Atlanta.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=14280.0,14406.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/778","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHighlands, North Carolina, is a town located in Macon County. It is located on a plateau in the southern Appalachian Mountains. The community was founded in 1875 and was named for its high elevation. The town became a golfing mecca in the 1930's when Bobby Jones from Atlanta, Georgia, and some of his friends founded the Highland County Club. Today, the club is one of seven residential country club communities in the area.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=14280.0,14406.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/779","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLeonard Bernstein (born Louis Bernstein, 1918-1990) was an American conductor, composer, pianist, music educator, author, and humanitarian. Considered to be one of the most important conductors of his time, he was the first American-born conductor to receive international acclaim. Bernstein's honors and accolades include seven Emmy Awards, two Tony Awards, and 16 Grammy Awards (including the Lifetime Achievement Award) as well as an Academy Award nomination. He received the Kennedy Center Honor in 1981.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=14280.0,14406.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/780","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAntoni Tapies [Catalan: Tàpies] i Puig, 1st Marquess of Tàpies (1923-2012) was a Catalan painter, sculptor, and art theorist.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=14280.0,14406.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/781","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMilan is a city in northern Italy and is the second largest city in Italy. It is the capital of Lombardy region. The city was heavily damaged by bombings in World War II, but was rebuilt after the war.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=14280.0,14406.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/782","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMichelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni (1475-1564) was an Italian sculptor, painter, architect, and poet of the High Renaissance who is considered to be the greatest living artist during his lifetime. His most famous sculptures are the Pietà and David. Michelangelo also created two of the most influential frescoes in the history of Western art: the scenes from Genesis on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel in Rome, and The Last Judgment on its altar wall.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=14280.0,14406.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/783","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIeoh Ming Pei (1917-2019) was a Chinese-American architect. In 1935, he moved to the United States. In 1955, he established an independent design firm, I. M. Pei \u0026amp; Associates. In 1966, the firm was reorganized as I. M. Pei \u0026amp; Partners, and in 1989, reorganized as Pei Cobb Freed \u0026amp; Partners. In the early 1980s, Pei was the focus of controversy when he designed a glass-and-steel pyramid for the Louvre in Paris.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=14407.0,14506.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/784","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePeter David Eisenman (b. 1932) is an American architect, writer, and professor. Considered one of the New York Five, Eisenman is known for his high modernist and deconstructive designs, as well as for his authorship of several architectural books. His work has won him several awards, including the Wolf Prize in Arts. While well known for his single-family residences, he has also worked on several large-scale non-residential projects. Some examples include the Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe in Berlin and the State Farm Stadium for the Arizona Cardinals in Glendale, Arizona.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=14407.0,14506.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/785","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eThe Village Voice\u003c/em\u003e is an American news and culture publication based in Greenwich Village, New York City, known for being the country's first alternative newsweekly. Founded in 1955 by Dan Wolf, Ed Fancher, John Wilcock, and Norman Mailer, \u003cem\u003eThe Voice\u003c/em\u003e began as a platform for the creative community of New York City. It ceased publication in 2017, although its online archives remain accessible. After an ownership change, \u003cem\u003eThe Voice\u003c/em\u003e reappeared in print as a quarterly in April 2021. \u003cem\u003eThe Village Voice \u003c/em\u003ehas received three Pulitzer Prizes, the National Press Foundation Award, and the George Polk Award. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=14407.0,14506.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/786","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMichael David Sorkin (1948-2020) was an American architectural and urban critic, designer, and educator. He was considered to be \"one of architecture's most outspoken public intellectuals\", a polemical voice in contemporary culture and the design of urban places at the turn of the twenty-first century. Sorkin first rose to prominence as an architectural critic for the Village Voice in New York City, a post which he held for a decade in the 1980’s. In the ensuing years, he taught at prominent universities around the world, practiced through his eponymous firm, established a nonprofit book press, and directed the urban design program at the City College of New York.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=14407.0,14506.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/787","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCharles Ackerman (1933-2017) was a commercial realtor and businessman in Atlanta, Georgia. Ackerman was raised in New York City and graduated from the University of North Carolina with a Bachelor of Science Degree. He served 2 years in the Army before continuing his education at the Emory University School of Law and Georgia State University where he graduated with a degree in anthropology. He began his career as a real estate agent working for Alan Grayson Realty Co., then established Ackerman \u0026amp; Co. in 1967. He founded REAP Atlanta - Real Estate Apprenticeship for African Americans, served on the Board of Directors of the Buckhead Community Improvement District, the National Board of Governors for the American Jewish Committee, the b Board of Trustee Jewish Federation of Greater Atlanta, and was a founder and member of the Board of Directors for Temple Sinai. Ackerman was appointed by U.S. President George H. W. Bush to serve on the United States Holocaust Museum Board of Trustees from 1990 to 1994 and helped design the National Memorial to Holocaust survivors. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=14407.0,14506.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/788","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePPG Industries, Inc. is an American Fortune 500 company and global supplier of paints, coatings, and specialty materials. It was founded as Pittsburgh Plate Glass Company in 1883 by Captain John Baptiste Ford and John Pitcairn, Jr., in Creighton, Pennsylvania. With headquarters in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, PPG operates in more than 70 countries around the globe.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=14512.0,14649.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/789","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAlcoa Corporation (an acronym for \"Aluminum Company of America\") is an American industrial corporation that produces aluminum. The company operates in 10 countries and is involved in mining, refining, smelting, fabricating, and recycling aluminum products. Alcoa was founded in 1888 by Charles Martin Hall with the funding of Alfred E. Hunt and Arthur Vining Davis. On November 1, 2016, Alcoa Inc. split into two entities: a new one called Alcoa Corporation, which is engaged in the mining and manufacture of raw aluminum, and the renaming of Alcoa Inc. to Arconic Inc., which processes aluminum and other metals. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=14512.0,14649.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/790","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHarriet Maziar Leibowitz (b. 1942) was born in Atlanta, Georgia. She is the middle child of Jack and Rose Newman Maziar. She attended Henry Grady High School and earned a bachelor’s degree from Boston University. She earned her Master’s in Fine Arts at Georgia State. She is a photographer, whose work has been published in various publications. She also has works at the Birmingham Museum of Art, the High Museum of Art, and the Museum of Contemporary Art of Georgia, along with various business in the Atlanta. In 1964, she married Henry Leibowitz and they had three children, Mark, Scott, and Gayle.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=14785.0,14786.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/791","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAnnie Leibovitz (born Anna-Lou Leibovitz, 1949) is an American portrait photographer best known for her portraits, particularly of celebrities, which often feature subjects in intimate settings and poses. The Library of Congress declared her a Living Legend, and she is the first woman to have a feature exhibition at Washington's National Portrait Gallery. Leibovitz was a student in the 1970’s when her photos were published for the first time: pictures of Vietnam War protesters in Israel, taken on assignment for \u003cem\u003eRolling Stone,\u003c/em\u003e one of which landed on the cover. Since then, she has captured film stars, politicians, athletes, royalty, and artists for features and cover stories in other major publications, including \u003cem\u003eVanity\u003c/em\u003e \u003cem\u003eFair\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eVogue\u003c/em\u003e, and \u003cem\u003eTime\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=14800.0,14801.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/792","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHerbert Bruce Cohen Jr. (1950-2008) was born in Atlanta to Hebert and Jean Aronstam Cohen. He had two sisters, Susan Cohen Emmons and Mary Ann Cohen Kaplan. He graduated from The Lovett School and attended the University of Oklahoma. Bruce was the past president and Chief Operating Officer of Southern GF Company for 30 years. He was the owner and president of BC Supply Inc. until his death. He was involved with the Urban League, the Commerce Club, the Downtown Kiwanis Club, the Cobb Chamber of Commerce, Shepherd Center, the Lovett School Alumni Association, and the Standard Club. He married Denise Mansour Cohen, and they had three children, Kelley, Herbert, and George.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=14926.0,14946.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/793","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eThe Northside Neighbor\u003c/em\u003e is a free suburban newspaper that serves the Sandy Springs, Vinings, Brookhaven, and Northside Atlanta neighborhoods.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=14950.0,14963.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/794","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLaGrange is a city in and the county seat of Troup County, Georgia. It is about 60 miles southwest of Atlanta and located in the foothills of the Georgia Piedmont. LaGrange is home to LaGrange College, the oldest private college in the state. Started as a girls' academy, it has been affiliated since the late 19th century with the Methodist Church, and what is now the North Georgia Conference of the United Methodist Church. The city's proximity to West Point Lake, a few miles to the west, helps attract bass fishermen and water sports enthusiasts to the city. The Troup County Courthouse, Annex, and Jail, built in 1939, is one of LaGrange's properties that is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=14964.0,14975.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/795","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGeorge Michael Mansour, Sr. (1921-2001) was born in LaGrange, Georgia, to Nasor and Mary Mansour. He served in the U.S. Army, where he attained the rank of Corporal. He was the past Vice President of Mansour's Inc., past Chairman of G. Mansour's Inc., past Chairman of Mansour's Development Company, and a principle and officer of Mansour Reality Company, Inc. He was involved with the Board of Governors of Highland Country Club, the Board of Directors of Peoples Bank and SunTrust Bank of LaGrange, University of Georgia Parents Association, and a former member of the Aide De Camp Governor's Staff for Governor Jimmy Carter. He was also a Past President of the Kiwanis Club of LaGrange and was a member of the Elks Club, Moose Club, and Disabled American Veterans. He was a member of St. Peters Catholic Church and was a founding member of the Knights of Columbus, where he earned his fourth degree. He married Josephine Maloof Mansour, and they had six children.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=14983.0,15093.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/796","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA chamber of commerce is a local association to promote and protect the interests of the business community in a particular town or state.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=14983.0,15093.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474/annotation_set/2019/annotation/797","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMary Ann Cohen Kaplan (b. 1947) was born in Atlanta to Hebert and Jean Aronstam Cohen. She had two siblings, Susan Cohen Emmons and Bruce Cohen. She graduated from The Lovett School and attended Ohio State University. She married Robert “Bobby” Kaplan, and they have two children.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/158802/file/289474#t=15143.0,15250.0"}]}]}]}