{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/jw86h4f22q/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Simon, Joe"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["2004-07-09 (captured)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Agent"]},"value":{"en":["Simon, Joe (Interviewee)","Berman, Sandra (Interviewer)","Leavy, Jane (Interviewer)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source"]},"value":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum","Esther and Herbert Taylor Oral History Collection","Jewish Oral History Project of Atlanta Special Exhibition Collection"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eJoe Simon was interviewed by Sandra Berman and Jane Leavy on July 9, 2004, in Atlanta Georgia. \u003c/p\u003e (general)","\u003cp\u003eJoe Simon was born in Rochester, New York. He was the youngest of two children born to Harry and Rose [Kurland] Simon. Joe was raised in Rochester, at the time it was the textile center of America. The textile industry attracted many immigrants to the area and Joe’s father and uncles supported their families as tailors. Joe remembers it as a tough living, his father worked in various factories, stores, and even out of their apartment. \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eJoe’s family lacked the resources to allow him to formally train in visual arts. Regardless, they encouraged his passion for drawing by taking him to free classes, where he frequently won art competitions. When he was 18 years old, he applied for a job as a cartoonist for the Rochester Journal-American, this job became the catalyst for his career in comics. Joe illustrated cartoons for the paper and courthouse illustrations for about four years. In 1938, Joe moved to New York City and found success in the burgeoning comic book industry. \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eJoe Simon partnered with Jack Kirby, who would become a lifelong collaborator and business partner. In 1940, their character Captain America debuted, a patriotic character they used as a method of expressing their disdain for the political climate in Europe during the time. After serving in the United States Coast Guard, Joe married Harriet Feldman and they had five children. He continued to be greatly successful in the comic books business and created numerous characters and stories that found popularity among a wide-ranging audience. He passed away in December 2011 and is buried at Long Island National Cemetery in New York.\u003c/p\u003e (bioghist)","\u003cp\u003eThe interview focuses on Joe’s career in the comic book industry, how he came to be part of the industry during its infancy, and how he continued to garner success. He recalls his early childhood, growing up Jewish, and how the faith and culture impacted him. He mentions that he didn’t follow the religion very closely but expresses throughout the interview that he felt connected to other Jewish people and the plights they faced during World War II. Joe remembers that despite growing up with little money, his family was very proud of his desire to pursue illustration and tried to encourage him through free art classes. He reminisces on selling drawings of Western film actor Tom Mix to his school classmates and winning numerous art competitions. \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eJoe speaks about being hired as a cartoonist for his first job at a newspaper, the Rochester Journal-American. He remembers he didn’t think he would be considered for the position, but it became an important step in his career in illustration and the comic book industry. Joe recounts Hearst newspapers facing financial difficulties and going to New York City, where he found work in the comic book business. Joe shares that his writing and cartooning experience made him a perfect candidate for the comic book industry. He reflects on why so many young Jewish men were drawn to the industry, he found it to be very welcoming and never saw any discrimination from Jewish or non-Jewish creators. \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eHe recounts his time working for Victor Fox at Fox Publications, describing him as eccentric and a “lunatic”, while working for Fox, Joe maintained his own freelance business and began to focus on that. He reflects on creating characters Blue Bolt and Silver Streak and recalls how he came to partner with Jack Kirby. Joe talks about how he and Kirby created Captain America in 1940, which quickly became a success and served as the beginning of a lifelong partnership with Kirby. He describes how Captain America was a way for them to express their contempt for the Axis powers and the political climate in Europe. Joe speaks about losing relatives in the Holocaust, creating characters that stood up to the Axis powers was one way he could connect and stand with his people. \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eHe goes on to reflect on the popularity of comic books with service members, reminiscing on his own military service and the work he created specifically for the US Coast Guard, this work earned him a Commendation Medal. Joe also details how his career in comic books transitioned from superheroes with a younger audience to romance comics with a primarily female audience. Joe expresses that he was not interested in the direction comic books had taken, with darker themes and violence. When asked about the influence of comic books on American culture Joe described them as “everything” and discussed how he thinks comic books will progress and take shape in the future. \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eThe interview concludes with Joe’s recollections of people involved in the comic book industry, including DC Comics founders Harry Donenfeld and Jack Liebowitz. Joe remembers Liebowtiz fondly, reminiscing about a later project he worked on with Liebowtiz during the Six-Day War. When asked about the difference between comic books and comic strips, Joe expresses they both have merit and recalls successful creators in the comic strip field.\u003c/p\u003e (scope content)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source Metadata URI"]},"value":{"en":["https://archivesspace.thebreman.org/repositories/2/archival_objects/29189"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject"]},"value":{"en":["Dayan, Moshe (1915-1981) (personal name)","Donenfeld, Harry (1893-1965) (personal name)","Eisner, Will (1917-2005) (personal name)","Ellsworth, Whitney (1908-1980) (personal name)","Foster, Hal (1892-1982) (personal name)","Fox, Victor (1893-1957) (personal name)","Goodman, Martin (born Moe Goodman) (1908-1992) (personal name)","Hasen, Irwin (1918-2015) (personal name)","Hearst, William Randolph Sr. (1863-1951) (personal name)","Hitler, Adolf (1889-1945) (personal name)","Kane, Bob (born Robert Kahn) (1915-1998) (personal name)","Kirby, Jack (born Jacob Kurtzberg) (1917-1994) (personal name)","Liebowitz, Jack (born Yacov Lebovitz) (1900-2000) (personal name)","Meskin, Morton (1916-1995) (personal name)","Mix, Tom (born Thomas Hezikiah Mix) (1880-1940) (personal name)","Mussolini, Benito Amilcare Andrea (1883-1945) (personal name)","Nasser Hussein, Gamal Abdel (1918-1970) (personal name)","Shuster, Joe (1914-1992) (personal name)","Siegel, Jerry (1914-1996) (personal name)","Simon, Joe (1913-2011) (personal name)","Tojo, Hideki (born Tōjō Hideki) (1884-1948) (personal name)","Barnes, James Buchanan “Bucky” (personal name)","Batman (personal name)","Blue Bolt (personal name)","Captain America (personal name)","Captain Marvel (personal name)","Kent, Clark (personal name)","Silver Streak (personal name)","Superman (personal name)","Treasury Man (personal name)","DC Comics (corporate name)","Dell Comics (corporate name)","Fox Feature Syndicate (corporate name)","Fox Publications (corporate name)","Funnies, Inc. (corporate name)","Harvey Comics (corporate name)","Hearst Communications, Inc. (corporate name)","The Hickey-Freeman Co. (corporate name)","Kable News Company (corporate name)","Marvel Comics (corporate name)","National Comics Publications, Inc. (corporate name)","The Rochester Evening Journal (corporate name)","The Saturday Evening Post (corporate name)","The Syracuse Herald-Journal (corporate name)","Timely Comics (corporate name)","Central Park South (geographic term)","The JW Marriott Essex House (geographic term)","Leeds, England (geographic term)","The Lower East Side (geographic term)","New York City, New York (geographic term)","Rochester, New York (geographic term)","Russia (geographic term)","Syracuse, New York (geographic term)","Wall Street (geographic term)","Patriotism (topical term)","The Great Depression (named event)","The Holocaust (named event)","The Six-Day War (named event)","The World Series (named event)","World War I (named event)","World War II (named event)","The Golden Age (chronological term)","High Holy Days (chronological term)","Rosh HaShanah (chronological term)","Yom Kippur (chronological term)","Boy Commandos (other)","The Commendation Medal (other)","Dondi (other)","Hebrew School (other)","Orthodox Judaism (other)","Sephardic (other)","Young Romance (other)"]}}],"summary":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eJoe Simon was interviewed by Sandra Berman and Jane Leavy on July 9, 2004, in Atlanta Georgia.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJoe Simon was born in Rochester, New York. He was the youngest of two children born to Harry and Rose [Kurland] Simon. Joe was raised in Rochester, at the time it was the textile center of America. The textile industry attracted many immigrants to the area and Joe\u0026rsquo;s father and uncles supported their families as tailors. Joe remembers it as a tough living, his father worked in various factories, stores, and even out of their apartment.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eJoe\u0026rsquo;s family lacked the resources to allow him to formally train in visual arts. Regardless, they encouraged his passion for drawing by taking him to free classes, where he frequently won art competitions. When he was 18 years old, he applied for a job as a cartoonist for the Rochester Journal-American, this job became the catalyst for his career in comics. Joe illustrated cartoons for the paper and courthouse illustrations for about four years. In 1938, Joe moved to New York City and found success in the burgeoning comic book industry.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eJoe Simon partnered with Jack Kirby, who would become a lifelong collaborator and business partner. In 1940, their character Captain America debuted, a patriotic character they used as a method of expressing their disdain for the political climate in Europe during the time. After serving in the United States Coast Guard, Joe married Harriet Feldman and they had five children. He continued to be greatly successful in the comic books business and created numerous characters and stories that found popularity among a wide-ranging audience. He passed away in December 2011 and is buried at Long Island National Cemetery in New York.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe interview focuses on Joe\u0026rsquo;s career in the comic book industry, how he came to be part of the industry during its infancy, and how he continued to garner success. He recalls his early childhood, growing up Jewish, and how the faith and culture impacted him. He mentions that he didn\u0026rsquo;t follow the religion very closely but expresses throughout the interview that he felt connected to other Jewish people and the plights they faced during World War II. Joe remembers that despite growing up with little money, his family was very proud of his desire to pursue illustration and tried to encourage him through free art classes. He reminisces on selling drawings of Western film actor Tom Mix to his school classmates and winning numerous art competitions.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eJoe speaks about being hired as a cartoonist for his first job at a newspaper, the Rochester Journal-American. He remembers he didn\u0026rsquo;t think he would be considered for the position, but it became an important step in his career in illustration and the comic book industry. Joe recounts Hearst newspapers facing financial difficulties and going to New York City, where he found work in the comic book business. Joe shares that his writing and cartooning experience made him a perfect candidate for the comic book industry. He reflects on why so many young Jewish men were drawn to the industry, he found it to be very welcoming and never saw any discrimination from Jewish or non-Jewish creators.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eHe recounts his time working for Victor Fox at Fox Publications, describing him as eccentric and a \u0026ldquo;lunatic\u0026rdquo;, while working for Fox, Joe maintained his own freelance business and began to focus on that. He reflects on creating characters Blue Bolt and Silver Streak and recalls how he came to partner with Jack Kirby. Joe talks about how he and Kirby created Captain America in 1940, which quickly became a success and served as the beginning of a lifelong partnership with Kirby. He describes how Captain America was a way for them to express their contempt for the Axis powers and the political climate in Europe. Joe speaks about losing relatives in the Holocaust, creating characters that stood up to the Axis powers was one way he could connect and stand with his people.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eHe goes on to reflect on the popularity of comic books with service members, reminiscing on his own military service and the work he created specifically for the US Coast Guard, this work earned him a Commendation Medal. Joe also details how his career in comic books transitioned from superheroes with a younger audience to romance comics with a primarily female audience. Joe expresses that he was not interested in the direction comic books had taken, with darker themes and violence. When asked about the influence of comic books on American culture Joe described them as \u0026ldquo;everything\u0026rdquo; and discussed how he thinks comic books will progress and take shape in the future.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eThe interview concludes with Joe\u0026rsquo;s recollections of people involved in the comic book industry, including DC Comics founders Harry Donenfeld and Jack Liebowitz. Joe remembers Liebowtiz fondly, reminiscing about a later project he worked on with Liebowtiz during the Six-Day War. When asked about the difference between comic books and comic strips, Joe expresses they both have merit and recalls successful creators in the comic strip field.\u003c/p\u003e"]},"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/203/506/small/Simon_Joe.mp4_1691175264.jpg?1691175265","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - Simon_Joe.mp4"]},"duration":4360.732,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/203/506/small/Simon_Joe.mp4_1691175264.jpg?1691175265","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-thebreman.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/203/506/original/Simon_Joe.mp4?1691175252","type":"Video","format":"video/mp4","duration":4360.732,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47212","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Joe Simon [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47212/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: . . . Asking you about your roots, where you were born, and a little bit\nabout your parents.\n\nSIMON: I was born in Rochester, New York, at the Memorial Hospital in 1913, that\nmakes me old. My father . . . was a tailor, he came from Leeds, England. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47212/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"My\nmother was from Russia, somewhere, we never did determine where, some shtetl\nthere. She was not well-educated enough in English to let us know the whole . .\n. I don't even know her maiden ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47212/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"name. I think that's unusual.\n\nBERMAN: How did they meet?\n\nSIMON: I heard that she was on a basketball team. They fell in love; he saw her\nplaying basketball. Those days, it was quite different basketball for the women\nthan it is today. They stand around in circles with bloomers on. They wouldn't\nrun much but somebody would pass the ball to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=60.0,90.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47212/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"them, they'd miss the ball, and\nsomebody from outside of the court would throw the ball. Occasionally, they\nscored a basket and maybe they wound up with 12 points for the game for the\nwhole team. That's sports. My father . . . he came after his two brothers, a\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=90.0,120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47212/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"younger brother and an older brother, Irving and Isaac. They were all tailors,\nIrving was a fur [tailor], they barely made a living here, it was getting into\nthe really bad economy . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=120.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47212/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was 1913 when I was born and there was the First\nWorld War. These people settled with their own families, they lived with one\nanother, much like the Third World immigrants of today.\n\nBERMAN: What was your neighborhood like when you were growing up?\n\nSIMON: The neighborhood ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=150.0,180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47212/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where I grew up? We just jumped around like little\nbobcats, we went from one relative to another relative. Rochester was a\ntailoring center [that] had these national clothing ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=180.0,210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47212/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"factories, Hickey Freeman,\nand several others. It was the clothing center of the United States, there was\nsome work for these immigrants. There was no union, the unions were forming or\nthey were getting bad publicity. They were being labeled as communist, mostly to\nget rid of the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=210.0,240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47212/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ringleaders. I suspect that my father had a little reputation\nthat I never did verify, they had a kind of left-wing reputation. As a result,\nhe didn't spend a lot of time in factories. He started his own pants company at\none time, then he opened little stores, and at times he worked out of the living\nroom of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=240.0,270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47212/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"our apartment. It was a tough living.\n\nBERMAN: Was the neighborhood predominantly Jewish?\n\nSIMON: No, we never lived . . . the Jewish neighborhood in Rochester and the\nblack neighborhood were very ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=270.0,300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47212/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"close and intermingling. We never lived in a\npredominantly Jewish neighborhood. We lived in the lower end of town, but no,\nthere are all kinds of people there.\n\nBERMAN: What about some of your Jewish memories? Think about it for a minute,\nHebrew school, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=300.0,330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47212/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"bar mitzvah . . . ?\n\nSIMON: Yes, I went to Hebrew school . . . I was all proud of the Jewish people\nand loved the customs and everything, but I personally, after the age of ten I\ndidn't follow the religion very much. I know my mother in the beginning had a\nkosher kitchen. Yes, she always had a kosher ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=330.0,360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47212/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"kitchen. She was a wonderful cook,\nmade wonderful Jewish dishes. To this day, I wonder how come my daughters never\nlearned any of that, that cooking. You can't get it out of a cookbook, she was\nwonderful there. I was a very skinny kid, all my life. Until I went into the\nservice, I couldn't gain an ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=360.0,390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47212/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ounce, she would stuff me with everything, including\nthat English brew. What do they call it? Heineken? Tried to put some pounds on\nme, but I was very athletic, always running around. Never could do it until I\ngot into the service, I got to be pretty normal.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=390.0,420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47212/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: You said at the age of ten, you just . . . ?\n\nSIMON: I remember we used to go . . . they had two temples there in Rochester.\nOne was an Orthodox, and next to it was a Hispanic, what do they call that?\n\nBERMAN: Sephardic.\n\nSIMON: Sephardic, yes. In the middle, the two groups . . . When we were kids, we\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=420.0,450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47212/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"used to go to the High Holy Days, go to Temple there. The two groups would meet\nin between the two temples in the alley there and shoot craps while the parents\nwere praying. I remember my father was religious at the beginning, but they used\nto have the World Series going on at the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=450.0,480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47212/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"same time as Yom Kippur and Rosh\nHaShanah, and they didn't have radio then. My father would sneak out during the\nservices and pull me over to Main Street, where they had on top of a one-storey\nbuilding . . . the playing field, big posters of the playing fields, and they'd\nhave guys standing at first ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=480.0,510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47212/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"base, and at third base and moving around on a score\ncard there. My father would see the whole game with me, he'd go back to Temple\nand pray some more. I'd go back to the crap games. My father seemed to have lost\nhis faith for a while, then before he died, he got very ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=510.0,540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47212/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"religious again.\n\nBERMAN: What made him lose his faith? Do you have . . . ?\n\nSIMON: He just didn't believe for a while.\n\nBERMAN: When did you realize that you had artistic talent?\n\nSIMON: Right from the first day. I don't know if you would call it talent, I\nwould call it a great desire to do drawing. When I was a little boy, I used ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=540.0,570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47212/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to\nmake pencil sketches of cowboys and horses and things, and sell them to my\nclassmates for a couple of pennies. I made a small living out of that growing\nup. We'd go to the matinees on Saturdays, I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=570.0,600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47212/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"think. Saturdays and Sundays . . .\nThe weekends, we'd see these Western Tom Mix movies. Tom Mix was my favorite, he\nwas my favorite because I was very shy about being tall. All my aunts and\nuncles, they were on the shorter side, and they'd walk ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=600.0,630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47212/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by me and say, \"Hey,\nhow's the air up there?\" It was very embarrassing for me, I always wanted to be\nshort. That's why I picked Tom Mix as my hero. Then I'd go back in class and\ndraw him for my classmates. I thought that . . . my relatives were being very\nrude, but as ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=630.0,660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47212/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I grew older, I realized that they were just being complimentary\nand proud that I was tall. You ever hear that one before?\n\nBERMAN: What?\n\nSIMON: Anybody tell you that before?\n\nBERMAN: No.\n\nSIMON: Yes, probably one of the problems was that I was so thin.\n\nBERMAN: What did they think of your artistic talent?\n\nSIMON: They were very proud of me. All through my life, the family was very ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=660.0,690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47212/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"proud.\n\nBERMAN: Did they encourage it with lessons? Did you have any professional lessons?\n\nSIMON: They couldn't afford professional lessons. Matter of fact, they couldn't\nafford to let me go to college because I had to work to support the family. They\nused to take me, they had these classes in the art ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=690.0,720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47212/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"galleries, these weekend\nclasses, and they took me there. They tried their best. We had painting and\nsketching classes, and they'd give us big bars of ivory soap and we'd make\nlittle statuettes out of them. We'd sculpt them, and then they would have\ncontests. I remember I won almost all the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=720.0,750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47212/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"contests that I competed in. They\nwould give us beautiful, framed prints as prizes, beautifully framed. I won so\nmany of them, they'd pass them on to . . . my sister's families and aunts and\nuncles. We didn't have any places to hang ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=750.0,780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47212/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"them. Sometimes I resented it and\nsometimes I didn't give a damn.\n\nBERMAN: The comic book industry was so new when you entered into it.\n\nSIMON: The what?\n\nBERMAN: The comic book industry.\n\nSIMON: The comic book business? Yes.\n\nBERMAN: How did you become involved in it?\n\nSIMON: I was working . . . When I was 18 years old, just out of high ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=780.0,810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47212/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"school, I\nanswered an ad in a newspaper in the Rochester Journal-American, they wanted a\ncartoonist. I never thought I'd stand a chance, but I applied there and they\ngave me the job. I worked for . . . this was a Hearst newspaper, William\nRandolph Hearst. He was having some financial ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=810.0,840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47212/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"troubles at the time, radio was\njust starting to come in and take some of the advertising dollars. Of course,\nthis was way before television and actually, way before radio, they had these\nlittle wire transmitters. That was the beginning. Anyway, I worked on\nJournal-American for maybe three years, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=840.0,870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47212/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"three, four years. Then got an offer\nfrom the Syracuse Herald with more money, and I left for Syracuse [New York].\nThe first time I went on my own I was 22 probably. Then, Hearst started closing\nhis papers, and I went from the Syracuse ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=870.0,900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47212/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Herald to the Syracuse Journal, which\nwere an independent. One of them, let's say the Syracuse Journal was Hearst, I\nwound up with Hearst again. Hearst closed that paper, and the Herald was sold to\nthe Newhouse chain, another Jewish name. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=900.0,930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47212/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I was really out of work. I had done\nvery well in Syracuse, freelance work, advertising work. I had a lot of stuff\npublished, illustration, courthouse illustration, and cartoons, sports cartoons.\nI was writing. I loved the newspaper business. After they started closing all\nthese papers, I just said, \"I'm ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=930.0,960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47212/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"going to New York [City] and see what I can pick\nup there.\" That was 1938. The comic book business was just starting and I was\nfortunate enough to get into that business. I had enough writing experience, I\nhad enough cartooning experience, and I was perfect for the business. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=960.0,990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47212/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was\nperfect for me.\n\nBERMAN: It's interesting that you said that you were so successful in the\npublishing field. I've heard from a number of people that it was hard in The\nThirties for Jewish men to get jobs in the publishing field, that's why a lot of\nthem got into the comic book business. Did you find that to be the case?\n\nSIMON: From what I had gathered, the comic book ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=990.0,1020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47212/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"business was, it was a new\nbusiness. It was very young, the people there were very young. I was 24 when I\ncame to New York and I was one of the older guys, and I was experienced. It was\njust a way of making a living, we never thought we were movie stars or anything\nlike ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=1020.0,1050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47212/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that. I told you once before, if we had any brains, we would have gotten\ninto the movie business, but we were just at the bottom of the totem pole. We\nwere comic book guys.\n\nBERMAN: Why do you think there were so many Jewish young guys in the business?\n\nSIMON: I never thought of it until people have been bringing it up a lot lately.\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=1050.0,1080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47212/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There were two different camps, actually. The DC camp was the Jewish side. They\nhad Harry Donenfeld and his brother, Jack . . . Jake Liebowitz, and people named\n[Jerry] Siegel, all these Jewish ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=1080.0,1110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47212/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"names. They were one camp, then on the other\ncamp, there was the Dell group, which were all non-Jewish. What do they call\nthem? Humans? Anyway, there was Dell and there ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=1110.0,1140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47212/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was Captain Marvel, these were\nthe big guys . . . I never ever saw any discrimination from either side. Either\nside would be happy to take your talent, if they liked your talent. They'd be\nthrilled about it. They probably ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=1140.0,1170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47212/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"had on one side, they had Jewish people\nworking, also on the other side, they had Gentile people working. I know Whit\nEllsworth was the editor of DC Comics, and he was lovingly referred to as the\ncompany ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=1170.0,1200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47212/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"goy. He earned his keep, he was very good.\n\nBERMAN: It just seemed, when I was researching this, so many of the names were Jewish.\n\nSIMON: I'm sorry?\n\nBERMAN: When I was researching this, so many of the names were Jewish.\n\nSIMON: Yes.\n\nBERMAN: I was wondering if they had a hard time getting jobs in more established\npublishing areas.\n\nSIMON: If you'll forgive me, it's ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=1200.0,1230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47212/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not a lot of heavy lifting in the comic book\nbusiness, that may have attracted a lot of us.\n\nBERMAN: You began your career working for Victor Fox. Is that correct? In the\ncomic books? Victor Fox?\n\nSIMON: Victor Fox was my first full time job and I didn't have many of those.\n\nBERMAN: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=1230.0,1260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47212/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What can you tell me about him?\n\nSIMON: Victor Fox was a complete lunatic. He was from Canada. He was short and\nstocky and loud. He was an accountant for Harry Donenfeld at DC Comics, which\nhad a different name at that time, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=1260.0,1290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47212/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"National Periodical Publishing, something\nlike that. Victor Fox . . . I heard that he was involved in Wall Street and some\nkind of shady dealings, but I can't confirm that. There were a lot of rumors\nabout Victor Fox. He was an accountant. Will Eisner tells a story that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=1290.0,1320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47212/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"he [Fox]\nworked in the same building as . . . Later, he started a company in the same\nbuilding as DC Comics. He saw the figures and he thought they looked pretty\ngood, he thought he'd just quit and start his own company. He did and he was\nvery successful for quite a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=1320.0,1350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47212/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"while. He lifted a lot of ideas, a lot of\ncharacters, and he got himself in trouble. He was being sued by Harry Donenfeld\n. . . He was suing Harry Donenfeld and causing a lot of problems. Eisner and\n[Jerry] Iger were doing his work and they were getting scared of all these\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=1350.0,1380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47212/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"lawsuits. They bowed out and that's where I came in as editor of Fox\nPublications. I didn't know who he was, I didn't know what he was doing, just\nvery pretentious offices. I thought I was really a big shot because I was editor\nof this very impressive looking company.\n\nBERMAN: Why did you end up leaving him? Leaving Fox?\n\nSIMON: I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=1380.0,1410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47212/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"discovered he was a lunatic, he was completely nuts. Actually, I kept\nmy little business, my freelance business while I was working there. I had all\nthe work I wanted, I was really luxuriously middle class at the time.\n\nBERMAN: Then you went on to work at Timely?\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=1410.0,1440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47212/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SIMON: I was . . . Like making pants, I was designing characters and selling\nthem to different companies and trying to get orders, more orders. There was\nreally such a shortage of experienced people in the business, it was very ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=1440.0,1470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47212/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"easy.\nI had . . . I came up with the character called Blue Bolt. It was published by\nFunnies Inc. for The Saturday Evening Post, which was the biggest publishing\ncompany in the world then, or in the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=1470.0,1500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47212/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"country. I was running a store, pumping out\nnew characters and sending them to different publishers. I came up with Blue\nBolt, which had a very similar beginning to Captain America actually. A lot of\nmy characters had the same stupid beginning, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=1500.0,1530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47212/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where they all get a needle to give\nthem superhuman powers, patriotic things. Blue Bolt was one that we got\npublished by a major publication. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=1530.0,1560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47212/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I had other products, Silver Streak. Blue\nBolt, B.B., Silver Streak, S.S. That seems to be a popular thing at the time. I\nwas doing westerns, sports things, and a character called T-Man, Treasury Man,\nand ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=1560.0,1590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47212/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"trying everything. One day I just walked out of Fox, and concentrated . . .\nit was getting crazy then . . . I had a little office, and concentrated on my\nother products. Jack Kirby ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=1590.0,1620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47212/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and one of the other artists named Charles Nicholas\nasked if they could come and help me on my work, but Jack continued his job. He\nwas very nervous about leaving his weekly stipend. After work, he would come\nover and help me, and I would be very happy to pay him. I thought he was\nfabulous ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=1620.0,1650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47212/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"talent. What was he? About 22 years old. We were all so young. He\nbrought an entirely new dimension of artwork to the business. I was very happy\nto have him, we got along great. He was happy to be doing this other work and\ngetting paid for it. His parents still lived in the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=1650.0,1680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47212/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lower East Side, in a ghetto\nthere. We were all semi-prospering. One of the characters I was working on was\nthis patriotic character, Captain America. Jack came over . . . I had shown the\nsketch to Martin Goodman, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=1680.0,1710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47212/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"then I came back . . . I showed him the sketch after I\nhad been deep into the first issue, half of the first issue was already done.\nJack was working on it with me. Whatever we didn't sell at the time, I'd just\nstick in a drawer and we'd sell it ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=1710.0,1740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47212/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"later. Eventually, we got the thing published\nalong with the other products that we were working on. Captain America just\nhappened to be the house of cards, it ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=1740.0,1770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47212/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"took the comic book field by storm, it\nsold out.\n\nBERMAN: Why do you think? Because of its patriotic . . . ?\n\nSIMON: I think the stories . . . It seems that the comic book field at the time\njumped from one plateau to another. A lot of it was due to the subject matters,\nthe patriotism, and the flag and everything becoming a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=1770.0,1800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47212/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"superhero. A lot of it\nwas due, in my opinion, to Jack Kirby taking the artwork to a different level.\nWe had other people working on it, we had a letterer that was far superior to\nthe other people. The art, the stories were a lot more lively. They had been\nvery primitive before that. I see in my mind's eye a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=1800.0,1830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47212/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"lot of reasons that Captain\nAmerica became such a hit from the first issue. It was far superior, It was an\nentirely different genre than the rest of the comics.\n\nBERMAN: To go back for one second, when you talk about Jack Kirby, you maintain\nthis lifelong friendship with him. Can you just take a few minutes to tell ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=1830.0,1860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47212/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"me\nwhat was he like?\n\nSIMON: What was Jack like?\n\nBERMAN: Yes.\n\nSIMON: Jack was a lot of fun. He was good to work with. We bounced off each\nother's heads like we knew what we were talking about. We understood each other\nand we had story conferences together where we ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=1860.0,1890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47212/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"felt that we were way ahead of\nanybody else in telling comic book stories. We respected each other. What else\ncan I tell you?\n\nBERMAN: Is that what the creative process was like? You bounced ideas off of one\nanother? Did the owners of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=1890.0,1920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47212/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the companies have anything to do with the creative process?\n\nSIMON: The other company?\n\nBERMAN: The owner. Did the publisher tell you what they wanted? Or was it all\nyour idea and then you would try to sell it to the publisher?\n\nSIMON: To be frank with you, the owners of the companies that I remember working\nfor were people that should have been in the cloak and suit business. They had\nno idea, they were circulation people, first of all, that was their ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=1920.0,1950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47212/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"experience.\nThey knew where to raise money to put these things out, they were familiar with\nthe distributors. The distributors would finance the entire operations. Say\nMartin Goodman wanted to put out Captain America, he'd take a sketch to his\ndistributor, Kable News Company, that's with a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=1950.0,1980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47212/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"'K.' He'd show the people the\nsketch and say, \"I want to put this out in a book, will you distribute it for me\nand finance it?\" If they liked it, they would say, \"Yes.\" The comic book\nbusiness was a new business, it was prospering and they just wanted to continue.\nThey were happy to get new ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=1980.0,2010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47212/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ideas, so they would give him an advance. The advance\nwould be 25 percent of an expected 100 percent sale. Now, the usual sale at the\ntime was maybe 50, 60, 65 percent. The distributor was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=2010.0,2040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47212/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"pretty confident that he\nwouldn't lose his money. If he lost a couple bucks on one book he'd make up\nthree times as much on another book, another title. The distributors were\ncovered, largely covered, the publisher was totally covered, and the artists got\npaid. The writers got paid beforehand. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=2040.0,2070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47212/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Who was investing their money? The\ndistributor was investing their money, but he was in pretty good shape. That's\nthe American capitalist system.\n\nBERMAN: When you had a new idea . . .\n\nSIMON: Yes.\n\nBERMAN: . . . You sold the idea to the publisher, did you then lose control of\nthat character?\n\nSIMON: We were dealing with some pretty, I won't use the word slick, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=2070.0,2100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47212/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but the\nexperience . . . the financial people that . . . I knew that they were just\ndealing with inexperienced kids that weren't really involved, weren't really\nthat much interested in maintaining ownerships of the things. The comic book\npublishers, if this is what you're getting at, we're taking advantage of us.\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=2100.0,2130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47212/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Most of the book people, book publishers, they would take first printing rights\nand give the authors all the other rights. Let's say that the comic book people\nwere not too . . . we were not that interested, we were not that bright, we were\nnot ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=2130.0,2160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47212/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that experienced.\n\nBERMAN: Captain America came out during World War II, was it a reaction to the\npolitical climate in Europe? Was that why you came up with the whole idea?\n\nSIMON: We wanted to put our two cents worth and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=2160.0,2190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47212/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"do whatever we could to hurt\nthem. To add to the patriotism and promote the patriotism. The red, white and\nblue characters was one way. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=2190.0,2220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47212/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If there were other properties that we could have\npromoted, we would have done it. It was fun doing the anti-Hitler stuff, the\nanti-Mussolini things. I did it on more than one occasion, even before Captain America.\n\nBERMAN: What did you do? What other . . . ?\n\nSIMON: Blue Bolt, we had Hitler and Mussolini, and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=2220.0,2250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47212/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who was the other guy? The\nSpaniard or the Japanese?\n\nBERMAN: [Francisco] Franco? [Hideki] Tojo?\n\nSIMON: Tojo. Yes, we had them as villains in Blue Bolt before Captain America\never came in. I did my bit and I figured these guys were villains that people\ncould relate to and that people ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=2250.0,2280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47212/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"knew. I had fun putting them down.\n\nBERMAN: Do you think if you were Jewish, you knew what was going on in Europe .\n. . it hadn't been done before to have a superhero sock Hitler on the jaw.\n\nSIMON: Yes. That was really fun.\n\nBERMAN: Because you are Jewish, do you think that it was more important to you, too?\n\nSIMON: No question about ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=2280.0,2310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47212/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it, absolutely. It's the same as today, we were\noutraged by what they were doing to the Jewish people. Completely outraged. Even\nthough I was not a very religious person, these were my people. I had blood\nrelatives there, I know ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=2310.0,2340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47212/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"many of them were killed.\n\nBERMAN: I read somewhere that the favorite type of reading material for service\nmen was the comic book. Why do you think that was?\n\nSIMON: Boy Commandos was the number one publication during the war. Boy\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=2340.0,2370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47212/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Commandos, are you familiar with that one?\n\nBERMAN: I've heard of it.\n\nSIMON: Yes, they had a French kid, they had a kid from Holland, I think. They\nhad Brooklyn, from the U.S., little kid walked around with a Tommy gun in a\nviolin case and he was the comedy relief. There was Andre [French: André] from\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=2370.0,2400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47212/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"France . . . it was more of a comedy thing, but we had some wonderful stories\nthat went on for a long time. It was the number one hit during the whole of\nWorld War II. Why? They were easy to ship, they were easy to buy, they were easy\nto put in your pocket or in your ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=2400.0,2430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47212/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"seabag and carry around. Incidentally, we\ncarried our seabags around and we had to roll all our laundry, and I still do\nthat. I don't fold it, I roll it and it stores much easier that way. [memoirist\nrolls up his handkerchief and then holds it up to the camera] They did that with\nthe comic books too.\n\nBERMAN: How does it make you feel when you reflect upon the influence you may\nhave had on all these soldiers?\n\nSIMON: I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=2430.0,2460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47212/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"never reflect on that. I did a recruiting book for the Coast Guard, [a]\ncomic book. I did a lot of nationally syndicated comic strips for the Coast\nGuard. I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=2460.0,2490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47212/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was very proud of them, they got tremendous circulation. I never\nthought about . . . it was just fun doing it.\n\nBERMAN: You joined up as well.\n\nSIMON: Yes.\n\nBERMAN: How did your war service influence your later work?\n\nSIMON: How did what?\n\nBERMAN: How did your war service influence your ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=2490.0,2520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47212/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"work?\n\nSIMON: How did the war service influence my work? It didn't. No, just doing\ncomics. Still doing comics, just under different ownership. I got a commendation\nfor doing the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=2520.0,2550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47212/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"recruiting comic book, it was nationally syndicated. I got a\ncommendation from the Coast Guard and I don't know . . . I never saved it. I\nregret that to this day, I'd like to hang it on a wall. I don't know, see if you\ncan get me a copy.\n\nBERMAN: Who do you see as your audience? Who did you see as your audience?\n\nSIMON: At the beginning, I saw my audience as 12-year-old boys, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=2550.0,2580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47212/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"12-year-old\nchildren. Then, I came up with the idea of True Romance Confessions, Young\nRomance, and I found a huge audience in teenage girls and older, women loved to\nread those things. They had very provocative ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=2580.0,2610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47212/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"titles and drawings, but they boil\ndown to just a kiss. \"I was a teenage pick-up and wound up with a kiss.\" Nothing\n. . . today it's laughable, but in those days it was really groundbreaking.\nLater and later the audience, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=2610.0,2640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47212/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as I understand it, grew to be older males. By\nthat time, I was not spending a lot of time in the business. I was not enamored\nwith the way the comic ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=2640.0,2670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47212/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"books were going, dealing with the sex, and the huge\ndevelopments, and the big guns and everything. When I say 'developments', I mean\nmushroomed muscles. That wasn't my comic book business.\n\nBERMAN: When did all that start happening?\n\nSIMON: That happened ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=2670.0,2700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47212/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"after The Sixties and The Seventies, and beyond.\n\nBERMAN: What do you think influenced that change? What happened?\n\nSIMON: Nothing stands still, everything progresses one way or the other.\nSomebody figured out it would sell and it sold, good for them. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=2700.0,2730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47212/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It wasn't\nsomething that I was that interested in doing. Although, if I had something\nsuccessful in that area, I wouldn't have thrown it away. I would have followed\nup on it.\n\nBERMAN: If we go back to the Golden Age and all of the work you did, what would\nyou consider the most obvious or glaring influence that comic books of the\nGolden ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=2730.0,2760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47212/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Age and the superheroes had on American culture?\n\nSIMON: They've had everything on American culture. The toys, the games, the\nfilms. It's no longer Mark Twain, it's comic books.\n\nBERMAN: Do you think that's good or bad?\n\nSIMON: I like it. I'm hoping we'll get some stuff going. We ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=2760.0,2790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47212/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"got about ten\nprojects in the works, and some of them with the Kirby's. We get option money\nand we get a lot of interviews like this. This is the last one I'm doing, by the\nway . . . What was the question?\n\nBERMAN: What kind of influence has the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=2790.0,2820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47212/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"superhero or the Golden Age had on\nAmerican culture?\n\nSIMON: I think everything right now, everything. It's not Huck Finn anymore.\n\nBERMAN: That's true, that's for sure. We talked a little bit about the creative\nprocess, but did you and Jack just bounce ideas off of one another? Is that how\nit worked?\n\nSIMON: Yes, all the time. Or else, I'd come up with an ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=2820.0,2850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47212/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"idea or Jack would come\nup with an idea, and then we'd work it out and change it. We had a great\nrelationship. I think we respected one another, we respected each other\ntremendously. Yes, it was fun working with Jack.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=2850.0,2880.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47212/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Did you have any other long-term partners?\n\nSIMON: Did we what?\n\nBERMAN: Did you have any other long-term partners like Jack was?\n\nSIMON: When you say partners, I had people working for me that I respected\ngreatly. A lot of them, George Tuska, Bill Draut, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=2880.0,2910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47212/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"even Jack Davis. None of these\nnames are Jewish, are they? Bob Powell. I had a lot of people that did work for\nme that I had tremendous respect for, but none of them approach our working\nrelationship, the working relationship that I had with Jack.\n\nBERMAN: This is ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=2910.0,2940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47212/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"kind of an interesting question, but what does the word\n'superhero' mean to you?\n\nSIMON: What did what?\n\nBERMAN: What does the word 'superhero' mean to you? What is a superhero to you?\n\nSIMON: What does it mean to me?\n\nBERMAN: Yes, a superhero.\n\nSIMON: I heard that DC and Marvel both copyrighted the name 'superhero.'\n\nBERMAN: Really?\n\nSIMON: They did?\n\nBERMAN: I don't know.\n\nSIMON: Yes, that's what I heard. Isn't that outrageous? 'Superhero' means to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=2940.0,2970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47212/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"me\n. . . I never thought about it. What? A guy in spandex tights. If you put them\nin a suit and call them a superhero, they'll say, \"No, he's not a superhero.\"\n\nBERMAN: Who influenced you most in your career?\n\nSIMON: My career in comic books, you're talking about? Because all through my\ncomic book career, I've been doing ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=2970.0,3000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47212/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"advertising work and illustration work. Who\ninfluenced me? Probably Jack Kirby.\n\nBERMAN: Do you think your Jewish background influenced your art or your creations?\n\nSIMON: I think they had a lot to do with ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=3000.0,3030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47212/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"attitude, I can't define influence in\nthat respect.\n\nBERMAN: Why attitude?\n\nSIMON: We were the poor Jewish generation, our families. Both of us, Jack and my\nfamily suffered a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=3030.0,3060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47212/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"lot during the Depression. Fortunately, both of our families\nheld on. [People] tend to go through divorces, drinking and drugs, and\neverything else. We were good. It was just life, if you're ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=3060.0,3090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47212/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish or you're not.\n\nBERMAN: When you first began your career, did you ever think people 40 years\nlater would be acclaiming your work and coming to you?\n\nSIMON: Try 62, 62 years later.\n\nBERMAN: Sixty-two, and people like me would be wanting to come and interview you?\n\nSIMON: Never in my wildest dreams, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=3090.0,3120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47212/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"never. As I say, I had a guy coming over to\nlook at a house. I was selling a house and moving on to bigger digs, as we were\ndoing very well. This guy had an advertising agency and he was Jewish, too. He\ncame over to look in my house, he says, \"You know, you guys are at the bottom of\nthe totem pole in the art business.\" ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=3120.0,3150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47212/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I says, \"Yes, it's true. We're at the\nbottom of the totem pole. You want to buy the house or not? I'm moving on to\nbigger digs.\"\n\nBERMAN: That's great. It's amazing the books that have been written about comic\nbooks now, the specials, French television coming to interview you. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=3150.0,3180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47212/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's truly\nremarkable what has happened with the whole industry. Where do you see it going\nfrom here?\n\nSIMON: I see it all going to movies, and games, and characters, and t-shirts.\nThat's where it is now. I don't know if the comic book in its present ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=3180.0,3210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47212/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"form will\nmake a comeback. The kids are all on the internet nowadays, they got 500\nchannels on TV. I have that DVD, I never watch anything but the talk shows. As\nfar as reading comics, I don't know what they're putting out in comics, nobody\never sends me any.\n\nBERMAN: Do you have a relationship ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=3210.0,3240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47212/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with DC or Marvel today?\n\nSIMON: Yes, I have a good relationship with DC. I don't know, Marvel to me is\njust a pile of papers. I haven't any idea who is there. Although, I do have\nseveral good friends who have been there and are not there any longer. I don't\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=3240.0,3270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47212/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"know anything about . . . I don't like what I hear about Marvel. It's nothing to\ndo with my legal activities with them, but from what you read all over the place.\n\nBERMAN: I have a number of different names of different individuals, and if I\nmention some names to you, could you just give me a sentence? If you remember\nthat person, maybe a sentence or two about each one.\n\nSIMON: Bad or good?\n\nBERMAN: Whatever you like.\n\nSIMON: Okay.\n\nBERMAN: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=3270.0,3300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47212/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Bob Kane.\n\nSIMON: Bob Kane was doing Batman when we were doing Boy Commandos and the other\nthings. I remember he used to come into the office. I heard he was living at the\nEssex House where he had . . . the Essex House is a hotel on Central Park South,\nfor you Southerners. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=3300.0,3330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47212/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They told me that he had a living room area there, he was\nmaking very good money, and he had tile there in the form of Batman on the\nfloor. He would walk in . . . every time he'd walk in, he'd say \"Either you got\nit or you haven't got it, I got it.\" He had a guy by the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=3330.0,3360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47212/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"name of Bill Finger who\nwas, if you would excuse me, a good share of the brains and the talent behind\nBatman. [Bob] Kane used to borrow from everybody in the company. I was told that\nhe died broke, and he owed everybody, including [indistinct: 56:30]. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=3360.0,3390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47212/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He used to\nborrow from me and Jack, he never paid anybody back. Everybody in the company\ngave him a great deal of credit for Batman.\n\nBERMAN: How about Joe Shuster?\n\nSIMON: Joe Shuster was a very nice little guy. He was going blind, he couldn't\nmaintain any kind ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=3390.0,3420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47212/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of business in the comic books after he left DC. A very\npathetic figure.\n\nBERMAN: Jerry Siegel?\n\nSIMON: Jerry Siegel was a blustery, stout man. He was not my type of guy.\n\nBERMAN: Alex Schomburg?\n\nSIMON: I never met Alex Schomburg. He did some covers for us, but I never met\nhim. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=3420.0,3450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47212/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He was out of town.\n\nBERMAN: Syd Shores?\n\nSIMON: Who?\n\nBERMAN: Syd Shores.\n\nSIMON: Syd Shores? Yes, I hired Syd Shores. Good guy. I don't remember anything\nabout him, except he was a nice, quiet guy.\n\nBERMAN: Mort Meskin?\n\nSIMON: Mort Meskin? I love Mort Meskin, I love them. He was the funniest guy,\ngood bowler. He was . . . I have a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=3450.0,3480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47212/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"picture of Mort here . . . Very, very\ntalented. I would say he would give Kirby a good run for his money.\n\nBERMAN: Will Eisner?\n\nSIMON: Will Eisner? I can't believe that Will Eisner did all he did at such a\nyoung age. He's brilliant. Good guy, liked him. A guy you'd want to hang out ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=3480.0,3510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47212/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with.\n\nBERMAN: Marty Nodell?\n\nSIMON: I spoke to Marty about a year ago, he called me up. He's out in\nCalifornia somewhere?\n\nBERMAN: I think he's in Florida.\n\nSIMON: He's in Florida? Yes, he called me about pursuing this copyright thing,\nand I couldn't talk to him about it. I don't remember ever meeting him before.\nMarty Nodell, right?\n\nBERMAN: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=3510.0,3540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47212/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Sociologists today are coming up with this new line of thought about\ncomic books, and Superman in particular. He was created as the alter ego of\nSiegel and Shuster, who were not real strong themselves or muscular, they were\nmore like the Clark Kent image. Superman was a way for someone of that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=3540.0,3570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47212/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"stature,\na weaker kind of man, to portray himself. Do you think there's any validity at\nall to that?\n\nSIMON: Not at all. The kids were 17 years old when they came up with [Superman].\nAll kids, all 17 year olds are vulnerable. As in my case, they were just ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=3570.0,3600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47212/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"looking\nfor a product that would catch on and maybe sell a few thousand issues and go\naway. In the first place, Siegel and Shuster were totally, from what I knew,\ntotal opposites. You would have to pin this area on one of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=3600.0,3630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47212/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"them and pin another\narea on another. I've heard rumors of why I created characters and what prompted\nme, that was so outrageous and they were printed all over. They said that one of\nthe stories, Bucky, was dropped ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=3630.0,3660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47212/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because I had named him after a Black Buck. I\ndidn't even know what the hell that was, but I read it all over and similar\nstories about this creation and that creation, that people just write about.\nThey had no idea what the hell they're saying.\n\nBERMAN: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=3660.0,3690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47212/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Let me just ask you about a few more people and then . . .\n\nSIMON: Go ahead.\n\nBERMAN: . . . We can conclude the interview. Irwin Hasen?\n\nSIMON: Irwin Hasen? Yes, he's still around. A little guy. Maybe I met him a\ncouple times. I know he's a friend of Carmine Infantino. He did Dondi, right? He\nis another case there, where ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=3690.0,3720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47212/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Dondi at one time was the most successful character\nin the newspapers. Did you know that? Everyone said, \"He left, he left.\" \"He got\nfired, he got fired.\" \"He quit, he quit.\" He never made money off it and he's\nstill not making any money off it. I find that really strange.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=3720.0,3750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47212/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Gardner Fox?\n\nSIMON: But you didn't ask me that, did you?\n\nBERMAN: Gardner Fox?\n\nSIMON: Gardner Fox, I think he was involved with Harry a lot. I don't remember\nhim at all, I remember the name. I don't even remember his work or what, but he\nhad a very good name.\n\nBERMAN: Bill Finger?\n\nSIMON: Who?\n\nBERMAN: Bill Finger.\n\nSIMON: Didn't we just talk about Bill Finger?\n\nBERMAN: You mentioned him with Bob Kane, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=3750.0,3780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47212/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"yes.\n\nSIMON: Yes.\n\nBERMAN: Jerry Robinson?\n\nSIMON: Jerry Robinson, yes. Good guy and terrific artist. He was a great inker.\nHe had a lot to do with Batman.\n\nBERMAN: Harry Donenfeld?\n\nSIMON: Harry Donenfeld? I remember walking into Harry Donenfeld's office and he\nhad this huge bucket of Scotch on a swivel, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=3780.0,3810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47212/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as soon as you walk in. Jack\nLiebowitz was there to introduce me and Kirby to Harry Donenfeld, who was his\npartner. Donenfeld would swivel over this case of Scotch and offer us a drink,\npoured [a] drink for us. He was introduced to us, we were the big shining\nnewcomers to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=3810.0,3840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47212/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the firm. Then a couple of days later, we come in with some\nsketches and Jack Liebowitz would take us into Harry Donenfeld's office, and he\npoured us scotch and introduced us. Then every couple of days he'd introduce us\nagain. It never stopped, we were there for maybe four or five years, and we were\nall being introduced to Harry Donenfeld.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=3840.0,3870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47212/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: What was Jack Liebowitz like?\n\nSIMON: Jack Liebowitz was great, I loved Jack Liebowitz. He was a businessman.\nHe was straight, very straight, very honest with us. Always sending us royalties\nwhen we were away in the service. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=3870.0,3900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47212/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I felt very guilty that we didn't come back to\nhim, but we had made a better deal. A deal that we knew we couldn't make with\nJack [and] Donenfeld, with the Harvey Publications, Harvey Comics. I felt very\nguilty about that, but then later I went back to Jack Liebowitz, a different\ntime, during the Six-Day War. When was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=3900.0,3930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47212/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that?\n\nBERMAN: 1967?\n\nSIMON: I had an idea for a picture book, with [Gamal Abdel] Nasser telling the\nstory and taking newspaper pictures and putting humorous captions on it. The\ntitle of the book was Funny Thing Happened to Me on the Way to Tel Aviv, and the\ncover showed ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=3930.0,3960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47212/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Moshe [Dayan] . . . what's his name?\n\nBERMAN: Moshe Dayan.\n\nSIMON: It showed Nasser and his military staff at a meeting and they all had the\nMoshe Dayan eye patch on them, the whole bunch of them. That was the cover of\nthe book. I says, \"You want to publish this for me?\" He looked at it and he\nlaughed, and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=3960.0,3990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47212/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"he said, \"Sure.\" They published the book, and it did very well. I\nremember the book, I remember he was looking at the credits on the title page.\nWhat I had on there was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=3990.0,4020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47212/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"something like, \"No names have been changed. All people\nwho participated in this book should live and be well.\" He accepted that as a\nbad legal thing. The book did well, and after it went off sale a couple of years\nafter that, he sent me a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=4020.0,4050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47212/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"bonus, several thousand dollars bonus beyond the 25\npercent that I was really paid. I had a wonderful relationship, I loved him.\n\nBERMAN: That's it for me, Jane [Leavy] has a couple of questions, I'm going to\nlet her . . .\n\nLEAVY: In our thinking about developing this exhibition, I want your help a\nlittle ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=4050.0,4080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47212/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"bit. What's the distinction between the comic book illustrators and\nauthors and the comic strip artists?\n\nSIMON: The comic strip is put out for newspapers and distributed by newspapers,\nfeature ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=4080.0,4110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47212/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"syndicates. When we were starting in this business, comic strips . . .\nagain? [memoirist fixes hair] . . . comic strips were . . . I need a haircut . .\n. were, in our estimation, much more respected than the comic books. Now,\nthrough the ages, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=4110.0,4140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47212/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this has all been reversed because there aren't many notable\ncomic strip characters that are being merchandised and publicized as compared to\nthe comic book characters. Does that answer your question? At the beginning, the\ncomic strip was what we all wanted to get into, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=4140.0,4170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47212/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"now everybody wants to get into\ncomic books. Although, they don't realize that both of them have probably\ndiminished in popularity.\n\nLEAVY: Do the creators of one have more control over the characters and the\nstorylines than the creators of the other?\n\nSIMON: I think ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=4170.0,4200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47212/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the answer would be no. The comic strip people have more\nownership than the comic book people, and this has been a general rule, not a\ntotal rule, since the beginning of the entire field. That the comic strip people\nare treated with more ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=4200.0,4230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47212/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"professional respect than the comic book people, as far as\nownership rights and the other things that are entailed, such as licensing.\nThat's not true in all the cases.\n\nLEAVY: For the purpose of our exhibition, if we're really looking at ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=4230.0,4260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47212/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the period\nthat the Golden Age covered The Thirties and Forties. Are the books and the\nstrips two totally different things or would you advise us to talk about them together?\n\nSIMON: I would say as far as The Thirties, the comic books were not . . . they\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=4260.0,4290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47212/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"didn't appear until 1938 in any decent volume or form. Would I advise you to . .\n. do you have enough comics? I don't think you have enough strips to run them\nindependently, if you want to throw them in with the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=4290.0,4320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47212/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"comics, it's fine. I don't\nthink it makes any difference to anybody in the comic book business.\n\nLEAVY: That was my question.\n\nSIMON: The comic strips had some great talent, Hal Foster and so many of them I\ncan't ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=4320.0,4350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47212/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"remember. I shouldn't be remembering anything, I'm too old!\n\nBERMAN: Thank you so very much.\n\nSIMON: Okay.\n\nBERMAN: It's been a pleasure, it really has.\n\nSIMON: Alright.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=4350.0,4380.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47210","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Joe Simon [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47210/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: . . . Asking you about your roots, where you were born, and a little bit\nabout your parents.\n\nSIMON: I was born in Rochester, New York, at the Memorial Hospital in 1913, that\nmakes me old. My father . . . was a tailor, he came from Leeds, England. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47210/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"My\nmother was from Russia, somewhere, we never did determine where, some shtetl\nthere. She was not well-educated enough in English to let us know the whole . .\n. I don't even know her maiden ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47210/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"name. I think that's unusual.\n\nBERMAN: How did they meet?\n\nSIMON: I heard that she was on a basketball team. They fell in love; he saw her\nplaying basketball. Those days, it was quite different basketball for the women\nthan it is today. They stand around in circles with bloomers on. They wouldn't\nrun much but somebody would pass the ball to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=60.0,90.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47210/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"them, they'd miss the ball, and\nsomebody from outside of the court would throw the ball. Occasionally, they\nscored a basket and maybe they wound up with 12 points for the game for the\nwhole team. That's sports. My father . . . he came after his two brothers, a\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=90.0,120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47210/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"younger brother and an older brother, Irving and Isaac. They were all tailors,\nIrving was a fur [tailor], they barely made a living here, it was getting into\nthe really bad economy . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=120.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47210/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was 1913 when I was born and there was the First\nWorld War. These people settled with their own families, they lived with one\nanother, much like the Third World immigrants of today.\n\nBERMAN: What was your neighborhood like when you were growing up?\n\nSIMON: The neighborhood ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=150.0,180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47210/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where I grew up? We just jumped around like little\nbobcats, we went from one relative to another relative. Rochester was a\ntailoring center [that] had these national clothing ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=180.0,210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47210/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"factories, Hickey Freeman,\nand several others. It was the clothing center of the United States, there was\nsome work for these immigrants. There was no union, the unions were forming or\nthey were getting bad publicity. They were being labeled as communist, mostly to\nget rid of the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=210.0,240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47210/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ringleaders. I suspect that my father had a little reputation\nthat I never did verify, they had a kind of left-wing reputation. As a result,\nhe didn't spend a lot of time in factories. He started his own pants company at\none time, then he opened little stores, and at times he worked out of the living\nroom of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=240.0,270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47210/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"our apartment. It was a tough living.\n\nBERMAN: Was the neighborhood predominantly Jewish?\n\nSIMON: No, we never lived . . . the Jewish neighborhood in Rochester and the\nblack neighborhood were very ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=270.0,300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47210/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"close and intermingling. We never lived in a\npredominantly Jewish neighborhood. We lived in the lower end of town, but no,\nthere are all kinds of people there.\n\nBERMAN: What about some of your Jewish memories? Think about it for a minute,\nHebrew school, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=300.0,330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47210/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"bar mitzvah . . . ?\n\nSIMON: Yes, I went to Hebrew school . . . I was all proud of the Jewish people\nand loved the customs and everything, but I personally, after the age of ten I\ndidn't follow the religion very much. I know my mother in the beginning had a\nkosher kitchen. Yes, she always had a kosher ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=330.0,360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47210/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"kitchen. She was a wonderful cook,\nmade wonderful Jewish dishes. To this day, I wonder how come my daughters never\nlearned any of that, that cooking. You can't get it out of a cookbook, she was\nwonderful there. I was a very skinny kid, all my life. Until I went into the\nservice, I couldn't gain an ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=360.0,390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47210/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ounce, she would stuff me with everything, including\nthat English brew. What do they call it? Heineken? Tried to put some pounds on\nme, but I was very athletic, always running around. Never could do it until I\ngot into the service, I got to be pretty normal.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=390.0,420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47210/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: You said at the age of ten, you just . . . ?\n\nSIMON: I remember we used to go . . . they had two temples there in Rochester.\nOne was an Orthodox, and next to it was a Hispanic, what do they call that?\n\nBERMAN: Sephardic.\n\nSIMON: Sephardic, yes. In the middle, the two groups . . . When we were kids, we\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=420.0,450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47210/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"used to go to the High Holy Days, go to Temple there. The two groups would meet\nin between the two temples in the alley there and shoot craps while the parents\nwere praying. I remember my father was religious at the beginning, but they used\nto have the World Series going on at the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=450.0,480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47210/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"same time as Yom Kippur and Rosh\nHaShanah, and they didn't have radio then. My father would sneak out during the\nservices and pull me over to Main Street, where they had on top of a one-storey\nbuilding . . . the playing field, big posters of the playing fields, and they'd\nhave guys standing at first ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=480.0,510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47210/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"base, and at third base and moving around on a score\ncard there. My father would see the whole game with me, he'd go back to Temple\nand pray some more. I'd go back to the crap games. My father seemed to have lost\nhis faith for a while, then before he died, he got very ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=510.0,540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47210/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"religious again.\n\nBERMAN: What made him lose his faith? Do you have . . . ?\n\nSIMON: He just didn't believe for a while.\n\nBERMAN: When did you realize that you had artistic talent?\n\nSIMON: Right from the first day. I don't know if you would call it talent, I\nwould call it a great desire to do drawing. When I was a little boy, I used ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=540.0,570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47210/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to\nmake pencil sketches of cowboys and horses and things, and sell them to my\nclassmates for a couple of pennies. I made a small living out of that growing\nup. We'd go to the matinees on Saturdays, I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=570.0,600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47210/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"think. Saturdays and Sundays . . .\nThe weekends, we'd see these Western Tom Mix movies. Tom Mix was my favorite, he\nwas my favorite because I was very shy about being tall. All my aunts and\nuncles, they were on the shorter side, and they'd walk ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=600.0,630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47210/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by me and say, \"Hey,\nhow's the air up there?\" It was very embarrassing for me, I always wanted to be\nshort. That's why I picked Tom Mix as my hero. Then I'd go back in class and\ndraw him for my classmates. I thought that . . . my relatives were being very\nrude, but as ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=630.0,660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47210/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I grew older, I realized that they were just being complimentary\nand proud that I was tall. You ever hear that one before?\n\nBERMAN: What?\n\nSIMON: Anybody tell you that before?\n\nBERMAN: No.\n\nSIMON: Yes, probably one of the problems was that I was so thin.\n\nBERMAN: What did they think of your artistic talent?\n\nSIMON: They were very proud of me. All through my life, the family was very ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=660.0,690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47210/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"proud.\n\nBERMAN: Did they encourage it with lessons? Did you have any professional lessons?\n\nSIMON: They couldn't afford professional lessons. Matter of fact, they couldn't\nafford to let me go to college because I had to work to support the family. They\nused to take me, they had these classes in the art ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=690.0,720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47210/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"galleries, these weekend\nclasses, and they took me there. They tried their best. We had painting and\nsketching classes, and they'd give us big bars of ivory soap and we'd make\nlittle statuettes out of them. We'd sculpt them, and then they would have\ncontests. I remember I won almost all the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=720.0,750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47210/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"contests that I competed in. They\nwould give us beautiful, framed prints as prizes, beautifully framed. I won so\nmany of them, they'd pass them on to . . . my sister's families and aunts and\nuncles. We didn't have any places to hang ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=750.0,780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47210/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"them. Sometimes I resented it and\nsometimes I didn't give a damn.\n\nBERMAN: The comic book industry was so new when you entered into it.\n\nSIMON: The what?\n\nBERMAN: The comic book industry.\n\nSIMON: The comic book business? Yes.\n\nBERMAN: How did you become involved in it?\n\nSIMON: I was working . . . When I was 18 years old, just out of high ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=780.0,810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47210/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"school, I\nanswered an ad in a newspaper in the Rochester Journal-American, they wanted a\ncartoonist. I never thought I'd stand a chance, but I applied there and they\ngave me the job. I worked for . . . this was a Hearst newspaper, William\nRandolph Hearst. He was having some financial ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=810.0,840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47210/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"troubles at the time, radio was\njust starting to come in and take some of the advertising dollars. Of course,\nthis was way before television and actually, way before radio, they had these\nlittle wire transmitters. That was the beginning. Anyway, I worked on\nJournal-American for maybe three years, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=840.0,870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47210/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"three, four years. Then got an offer\nfrom the Syracuse Herald with more money, and I left for Syracuse [New York].\nThe first time I went on my own I was 22 probably. Then, Hearst started closing\nhis papers, and I went from the Syracuse ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=870.0,900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47210/annotation/177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Herald to the Syracuse Journal, which\nwere an independent. One of them, let's say the Syracuse Journal was Hearst, I\nwound up with Hearst again. Hearst closed that paper, and the Herald was sold to\nthe Newhouse chain, another Jewish name. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=900.0,930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47210/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I was really out of work. I had done\nvery well in Syracuse, freelance work, advertising work. I had a lot of stuff\npublished, illustration, courthouse illustration, and cartoons, sports cartoons.\nI was writing. I loved the newspaper business. After they started closing all\nthese papers, I just said, \"I'm ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=930.0,960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47210/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"going to New York [City] and see what I can pick\nup there.\" That was 1938. The comic book business was just starting and I was\nfortunate enough to get into that business. I had enough writing experience, I\nhad enough cartooning experience, and I was perfect for the business. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=960.0,990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47210/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was\nperfect for me.\n\nBERMAN: It's interesting that you said that you were so successful in the\npublishing field. I've heard from a number of people that it was hard in The\nThirties for Jewish men to get jobs in the publishing field, that's why a lot of\nthem got into the comic book business. Did you find that to be the case?\n\nSIMON: From what I had gathered, the comic book ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=990.0,1020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47210/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"business was, it was a new\nbusiness. It was very young, the people there were very young. I was 24 when I\ncame to New York and I was one of the older guys, and I was experienced. It was\njust a way of making a living, we never thought we were movie stars or anything\nlike ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=1020.0,1050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47210/annotation/182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that. I told you once before, if we had any brains, we would have gotten\ninto the movie business, but we were just at the bottom of the totem pole. We\nwere comic book guys.\n\nBERMAN: Why do you think there were so many Jewish young guys in the business?\n\nSIMON: I never thought of it until people have been bringing it up a lot lately.\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=1050.0,1080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47210/annotation/183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There were two different camps, actually. The DC camp was the Jewish side. They\nhad Harry Donenfeld and his brother, Jack . . . Jake Liebowitz, and people named\n[Jerry] Siegel, all these Jewish ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=1080.0,1110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47210/annotation/184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"names. They were one camp, then on the other\ncamp, there was the Dell group, which were all non-Jewish. What do they call\nthem? Humans? Anyway, there was Dell and there ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=1110.0,1140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47210/annotation/185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was Captain Marvel, these were\nthe big guys . . . I never ever saw any discrimination from either side. Either\nside would be happy to take your talent, if they liked your talent. They'd be\nthrilled about it. They probably ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=1140.0,1170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47210/annotation/186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"had on one side, they had Jewish people\nworking, also on the other side, they had Gentile people working. I know Whit\nEllsworth was the editor of DC Comics, and he was lovingly referred to as the\ncompany ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=1170.0,1200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47210/annotation/187","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"goy. He earned his keep, he was very good.\n\nBERMAN: It just seemed, when I was researching this, so many of the names were Jewish.\n\nSIMON: I'm sorry?\n\nBERMAN: When I was researching this, so many of the names were Jewish.\n\nSIMON: Yes.\n\nBERMAN: I was wondering if they had a hard time getting jobs in more established\npublishing areas.\n\nSIMON: If you'll forgive me, it's ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=1200.0,1230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47210/annotation/188","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not a lot of heavy lifting in the comic book\nbusiness, that may have attracted a lot of us.\n\nBERMAN: You began your career working for Victor Fox. Is that correct? In the\ncomic books? Victor Fox?\n\nSIMON: Victor Fox was my first full time job and I didn't have many of those.\n\nBERMAN: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=1230.0,1260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47210/annotation/189","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What can you tell me about him?\n\nSIMON: Victor Fox was a complete lunatic. He was from Canada. He was short and\nstocky and loud. He was an accountant for Harry Donenfeld at DC Comics, which\nhad a different name at that time, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=1260.0,1290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47210/annotation/190","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"National Periodical Publishing, something\nlike that. Victor Fox . . . I heard that he was involved in Wall Street and some\nkind of shady dealings, but I can't confirm that. There were a lot of rumors\nabout Victor Fox. He was an accountant. Will Eisner tells a story that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=1290.0,1320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47210/annotation/191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"he [Fox]\nworked in the same building as . . . Later, he started a company in the same\nbuilding as DC Comics. He saw the figures and he thought they looked pretty\ngood, he thought he'd just quit and start his own company. He did and he was\nvery successful for quite a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=1320.0,1350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47210/annotation/192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"while. He lifted a lot of ideas, a lot of\ncharacters, and he got himself in trouble. He was being sued by Harry Donenfeld\n. . . He was suing Harry Donenfeld and causing a lot of problems. Eisner and\n[Jerry] Iger were doing his work and they were getting scared of all these\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=1350.0,1380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47210/annotation/193","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"lawsuits. They bowed out and that's where I came in as editor of Fox\nPublications. I didn't know who he was, I didn't know what he was doing, just\nvery pretentious offices. I thought I was really a big shot because I was editor\nof this very impressive looking company.\n\nBERMAN: Why did you end up leaving him? Leaving Fox?\n\nSIMON: I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=1380.0,1410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47210/annotation/194","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"discovered he was a lunatic, he was completely nuts. Actually, I kept\nmy little business, my freelance business while I was working there. I had all\nthe work I wanted, I was really luxuriously middle class at the time.\n\nBERMAN: Then you went on to work at Timely?\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=1410.0,1440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47210/annotation/195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SIMON: I was . . . Like making pants, I was designing characters and selling\nthem to different companies and trying to get orders, more orders. There was\nreally such a shortage of experienced people in the business, it was very ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=1440.0,1470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47210/annotation/196","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"easy.\nI had . . . I came up with the character called Blue Bolt. It was published by\nFunnies Inc. for The Saturday Evening Post, which was the biggest publishing\ncompany in the world then, or in the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=1470.0,1500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47210/annotation/197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"country. I was running a store, pumping out\nnew characters and sending them to different publishers. I came up with Blue\nBolt, which had a very similar beginning to Captain America actually. A lot of\nmy characters had the same stupid beginning, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=1500.0,1530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47210/annotation/198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where they all get a needle to give\nthem superhuman powers, patriotic things. Blue Bolt was one that we got\npublished by a major publication. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=1530.0,1560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47210/annotation/199","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I had other products, Silver Streak. Blue\nBolt, B.B., Silver Streak, S.S. That seems to be a popular thing at the time. I\nwas doing westerns, sports things, and a character called T-Man, Treasury Man,\nand ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=1560.0,1590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47210/annotation/200","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"trying everything. One day I just walked out of Fox, and concentrated . . .\nit was getting crazy then . . . I had a little office, and concentrated on my\nother products. Jack Kirby ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=1590.0,1620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47210/annotation/201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and one of the other artists named Charles Nicholas\nasked if they could come and help me on my work, but Jack continued his job. He\nwas very nervous about leaving his weekly stipend. After work, he would come\nover and help me, and I would be very happy to pay him. I thought he was\nfabulous ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=1620.0,1650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47210/annotation/202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"talent. What was he? About 22 years old. We were all so young. He\nbrought an entirely new dimension of artwork to the business. I was very happy\nto have him, we got along great. He was happy to be doing this other work and\ngetting paid for it. His parents still lived in the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=1650.0,1680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47210/annotation/203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lower East Side, in a ghetto\nthere. We were all semi-prospering. One of the characters I was working on was\nthis patriotic character, Captain America. Jack came over . . . I had shown the\nsketch to Martin Goodman, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=1680.0,1710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47210/annotation/204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"then I came back . . . I showed him the sketch after I\nhad been deep into the first issue, half of the first issue was already done.\nJack was working on it with me. Whatever we didn't sell at the time, I'd just\nstick in a drawer and we'd sell it ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=1710.0,1740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47210/annotation/205","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"later. Eventually, we got the thing published\nalong with the other products that we were working on. Captain America just\nhappened to be the house of cards, it ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=1740.0,1770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47210/annotation/206","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"took the comic book field by storm, it\nsold out.\n\nBERMAN: Why do you think? Because of its patriotic . . . ?\n\nSIMON: I think the stories . . . It seems that the comic book field at the time\njumped from one plateau to another. A lot of it was due to the subject matters,\nthe patriotism, and the flag and everything becoming a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=1770.0,1800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47210/annotation/207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"superhero. A lot of it\nwas due, in my opinion, to Jack Kirby taking the artwork to a different level.\nWe had other people working on it, we had a letterer that was far superior to\nthe other people. The art, the stories were a lot more lively. They had been\nvery primitive before that. I see in my mind's eye a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=1800.0,1830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47210/annotation/208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"lot of reasons that Captain\nAmerica became such a hit from the first issue. It was far superior, It was an\nentirely different genre than the rest of the comics.\n\nBERMAN: To go back for one second, when you talk about Jack Kirby, you maintain\nthis lifelong friendship with him. Can you just take a few minutes to tell ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=1830.0,1860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47210/annotation/209","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"me\nwhat was he like?\n\nSIMON: What was Jack like?\n\nBERMAN: Yes.\n\nSIMON: Jack was a lot of fun. He was good to work with. We bounced off each\nother's heads like we knew what we were talking about. We understood each other\nand we had story conferences together where we ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=1860.0,1890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47210/annotation/210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"felt that we were way ahead of\nanybody else in telling comic book stories. We respected each other. What else\ncan I tell you?\n\nBERMAN: Is that what the creative process was like? You bounced ideas off of one\nanother? Did the owners of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=1890.0,1920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47210/annotation/211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the companies have anything to do with the creative process?\n\nSIMON: The other company?\n\nBERMAN: The owner. Did the publisher tell you what they wanted? Or was it all\nyour idea and then you would try to sell it to the publisher?\n\nSIMON: To be frank with you, the owners of the companies that I remember working\nfor were people that should have been in the cloak and suit business. They had\nno idea, they were circulation people, first of all, that was their ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=1920.0,1950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47210/annotation/212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"experience.\nThey knew where to raise money to put these things out, they were familiar with\nthe distributors. The distributors would finance the entire operations. Say\nMartin Goodman wanted to put out Captain America, he'd take a sketch to his\ndistributor, Kable News Company, that's with a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=1950.0,1980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47210/annotation/213","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"'K.' He'd show the people the\nsketch and say, \"I want to put this out in a book, will you distribute it for me\nand finance it?\" If they liked it, they would say, \"Yes.\" The comic book\nbusiness was a new business, it was prospering and they just wanted to continue.\nThey were happy to get new ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=1980.0,2010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47210/annotation/214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ideas, so they would give him an advance. The advance\nwould be 25 percent of an expected 100 percent sale. Now, the usual sale at the\ntime was maybe 50, 60, 65 percent. The distributor was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=2010.0,2040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47210/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"pretty confident that he\nwouldn't lose his money. If he lost a couple bucks on one book he'd make up\nthree times as much on another book, another title. The distributors were\ncovered, largely covered, the publisher was totally covered, and the artists got\npaid. The writers got paid beforehand. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=2040.0,2070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47210/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Who was investing their money? The\ndistributor was investing their money, but he was in pretty good shape. That's\nthe American capitalist system.\n\nBERMAN: When you had a new idea . . .\n\nSIMON: Yes.\n\nBERMAN: . . . You sold the idea to the publisher, did you then lose control of\nthat character?\n\nSIMON: We were dealing with some pretty, I won't use the word slick, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=2070.0,2100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47210/annotation/217","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but the\nexperience . . . the financial people that . . . I knew that they were just\ndealing with inexperienced kids that weren't really involved, weren't really\nthat much interested in maintaining ownerships of the things. The comic book\npublishers, if this is what you're getting at, we're taking advantage of us.\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=2100.0,2130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47210/annotation/218","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Most of the book people, book publishers, they would take first printing rights\nand give the authors all the other rights. Let's say that the comic book people\nwere not too . . . we were not that interested, we were not that bright, we were\nnot ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=2130.0,2160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47210/annotation/219","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that experienced.\n\nBERMAN: Captain America came out during World War II, was it a reaction to the\npolitical climate in Europe? Was that why you came up with the whole idea?\n\nSIMON: We wanted to put our two cents worth and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=2160.0,2190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47210/annotation/220","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"do whatever we could to hurt\nthem. To add to the patriotism and promote the patriotism. The red, white and\nblue characters was one way. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=2190.0,2220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47210/annotation/221","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If there were other properties that we could have\npromoted, we would have done it. It was fun doing the anti-Hitler stuff, the\nanti-Mussolini things. I did it on more than one occasion, even before Captain America.\n\nBERMAN: What did you do? What other . . . ?\n\nSIMON: Blue Bolt, we had Hitler and Mussolini, and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=2220.0,2250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47210/annotation/222","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who was the other guy? The\nSpaniard or the Japanese?\n\nBERMAN: [Francisco] Franco? [Hideki] Tojo?\n\nSIMON: Tojo. Yes, we had them as villains in Blue Bolt before Captain America\never came in. I did my bit and I figured these guys were villains that people\ncould relate to and that people ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=2250.0,2280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47210/annotation/223","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"knew. I had fun putting them down.\n\nBERMAN: Do you think if you were Jewish, you knew what was going on in Europe .\n. . it hadn't been done before to have a superhero sock Hitler on the jaw.\n\nSIMON: Yes. That was really fun.\n\nBERMAN: Because you are Jewish, do you think that it was more important to you, too?\n\nSIMON: No question about ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=2280.0,2310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47210/annotation/224","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it, absolutely. It's the same as today, we were\noutraged by what they were doing to the Jewish people. Completely outraged. Even\nthough I was not a very religious person, these were my people. I had blood\nrelatives there, I know ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=2310.0,2340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47210/annotation/225","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"many of them were killed.\n\nBERMAN: I read somewhere that the favorite type of reading material for service\nmen was the comic book. Why do you think that was?\n\nSIMON: Boy Commandos was the number one publication during the war. Boy\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=2340.0,2370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47210/annotation/226","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Commandos, are you familiar with that one?\n\nBERMAN: I've heard of it.\n\nSIMON: Yes, they had a French kid, they had a kid from Holland, I think. They\nhad Brooklyn, from the U.S., little kid walked around with a Tommy gun in a\nviolin case and he was the comedy relief. There was Andre [French: André] from\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=2370.0,2400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47210/annotation/227","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"France . . . it was more of a comedy thing, but we had some wonderful stories\nthat went on for a long time. It was the number one hit during the whole of\nWorld War II. Why? They were easy to ship, they were easy to buy, they were easy\nto put in your pocket or in your ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=2400.0,2430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47210/annotation/228","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"seabag and carry around. Incidentally, we\ncarried our seabags around and we had to roll all our laundry, and I still do\nthat. I don't fold it, I roll it and it stores much easier that way. [memoirist\nrolls up his handkerchief and then holds it up to the camera] They did that with\nthe comic books too.\n\nBERMAN: How does it make you feel when you reflect upon the influence you may\nhave had on all these soldiers?\n\nSIMON: I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=2430.0,2460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47210/annotation/229","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"never reflect on that. I did a recruiting book for the Coast Guard, [a]\ncomic book. I did a lot of nationally syndicated comic strips for the Coast\nGuard. I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=2460.0,2490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47210/annotation/230","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was very proud of them, they got tremendous circulation. I never\nthought about . . . it was just fun doing it.\n\nBERMAN: You joined up as well.\n\nSIMON: Yes.\n\nBERMAN: How did your war service influence your later work?\n\nSIMON: How did what?\n\nBERMAN: How did your war service influence your ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=2490.0,2520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47210/annotation/231","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"work?\n\nSIMON: How did the war service influence my work? It didn't. No, just doing\ncomics. Still doing comics, just under different ownership. I got a commendation\nfor doing the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=2520.0,2550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47210/annotation/232","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"recruiting comic book, it was nationally syndicated. I got a\ncommendation from the Coast Guard and I don't know . . . I never saved it. I\nregret that to this day, I'd like to hang it on a wall. I don't know, see if you\ncan get me a copy.\n\nBERMAN: Who do you see as your audience? Who did you see as your audience?\n\nSIMON: At the beginning, I saw my audience as 12-year-old boys, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=2550.0,2580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47210/annotation/233","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"12-year-old\nchildren. Then, I came up with the idea of True Romance Confessions, Young\nRomance, and I found a huge audience in teenage girls and older, women loved to\nread those things. They had very provocative ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=2580.0,2610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47210/annotation/234","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"titles and drawings, but they boil\ndown to just a kiss. \"I was a teenage pick-up and wound up with a kiss.\" Nothing\n. . . today it's laughable, but in those days it was really groundbreaking.\nLater and later the audience, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=2610.0,2640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47210/annotation/235","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as I understand it, grew to be older males. By\nthat time, I was not spending a lot of time in the business. I was not enamored\nwith the way the comic ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=2640.0,2670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47210/annotation/236","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"books were going, dealing with the sex, and the huge\ndevelopments, and the big guns and everything. When I say 'developments', I mean\nmushroomed muscles. That wasn't my comic book business.\n\nBERMAN: When did all that start happening?\n\nSIMON: That happened ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=2670.0,2700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47210/annotation/237","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"after The Sixties and The Seventies, and beyond.\n\nBERMAN: What do you think influenced that change? What happened?\n\nSIMON: Nothing stands still, everything progresses one way or the other.\nSomebody figured out it would sell and it sold, good for them. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=2700.0,2730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47210/annotation/238","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It wasn't\nsomething that I was that interested in doing. Although, if I had something\nsuccessful in that area, I wouldn't have thrown it away. I would have followed\nup on it.\n\nBERMAN: If we go back to the Golden Age and all of the work you did, what would\nyou consider the most obvious or glaring influence that comic books of the\nGolden ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=2730.0,2760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47210/annotation/239","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Age and the superheroes had on American culture?\n\nSIMON: They've had everything on American culture. The toys, the games, the\nfilms. It's no longer Mark Twain, it's comic books.\n\nBERMAN: Do you think that's good or bad?\n\nSIMON: I like it. I'm hoping we'll get some stuff going. We ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=2760.0,2790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47210/annotation/240","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"got about ten\nprojects in the works, and some of them with the Kirby's. We get option money\nand we get a lot of interviews like this. This is the last one I'm doing, by the\nway . . . What was the question?\n\nBERMAN: What kind of influence has the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=2790.0,2820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47210/annotation/241","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"superhero or the Golden Age had on\nAmerican culture?\n\nSIMON: I think everything right now, everything. It's not Huck Finn anymore.\n\nBERMAN: That's true, that's for sure. We talked a little bit about the creative\nprocess, but did you and Jack just bounce ideas off of one another? Is that how\nit worked?\n\nSIMON: Yes, all the time. Or else, I'd come up with an ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=2820.0,2850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47210/annotation/242","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"idea or Jack would come\nup with an idea, and then we'd work it out and change it. We had a great\nrelationship. I think we respected one another, we respected each other\ntremendously. Yes, it was fun working with Jack.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=2850.0,2880.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47210/annotation/243","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Did you have any other long-term partners?\n\nSIMON: Did we what?\n\nBERMAN: Did you have any other long-term partners like Jack was?\n\nSIMON: When you say partners, I had people working for me that I respected\ngreatly. A lot of them, George Tuska, Bill Draut, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=2880.0,2910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47210/annotation/244","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"even Jack Davis. None of these\nnames are Jewish, are they? Bob Powell. I had a lot of people that did work for\nme that I had tremendous respect for, but none of them approach our working\nrelationship, the working relationship that I had with Jack.\n\nBERMAN: This is ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=2910.0,2940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47210/annotation/245","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"kind of an interesting question, but what does the word\n'superhero' mean to you?\n\nSIMON: What did what?\n\nBERMAN: What does the word 'superhero' mean to you? What is a superhero to you?\n\nSIMON: What does it mean to me?\n\nBERMAN: Yes, a superhero.\n\nSIMON: I heard that DC and Marvel both copyrighted the name 'superhero.'\n\nBERMAN: Really?\n\nSIMON: They did?\n\nBERMAN: I don't know.\n\nSIMON: Yes, that's what I heard. Isn't that outrageous? 'Superhero' means to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=2940.0,2970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47210/annotation/246","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"me\n. . . I never thought about it. What? A guy in spandex tights. If you put them\nin a suit and call them a superhero, they'll say, \"No, he's not a superhero.\"\n\nBERMAN: Who influenced you most in your career?\n\nSIMON: My career in comic books, you're talking about? Because all through my\ncomic book career, I've been doing ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=2970.0,3000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47210/annotation/247","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"advertising work and illustration work. Who\ninfluenced me? Probably Jack Kirby.\n\nBERMAN: Do you think your Jewish background influenced your art or your creations?\n\nSIMON: I think they had a lot to do with ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=3000.0,3030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47210/annotation/248","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"attitude, I can't define influence in\nthat respect.\n\nBERMAN: Why attitude?\n\nSIMON: We were the poor Jewish generation, our families. Both of us, Jack and my\nfamily suffered a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=3030.0,3060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47210/annotation/249","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"lot during the Depression. Fortunately, both of our families\nheld on. [People] tend to go through divorces, drinking and drugs, and\neverything else. We were good. It was just life, if you're ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=3060.0,3090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47210/annotation/250","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish or you're not.\n\nBERMAN: When you first began your career, did you ever think people 40 years\nlater would be acclaiming your work and coming to you?\n\nSIMON: Try 62, 62 years later.\n\nBERMAN: Sixty-two, and people like me would be wanting to come and interview you?\n\nSIMON: Never in my wildest dreams, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=3090.0,3120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47210/annotation/251","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"never. As I say, I had a guy coming over to\nlook at a house. I was selling a house and moving on to bigger digs, as we were\ndoing very well. This guy had an advertising agency and he was Jewish, too. He\ncame over to look in my house, he says, \"You know, you guys are at the bottom of\nthe totem pole in the art business.\" ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=3120.0,3150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47210/annotation/252","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I says, \"Yes, it's true. We're at the\nbottom of the totem pole. You want to buy the house or not? I'm moving on to\nbigger digs.\"\n\nBERMAN: That's great. It's amazing the books that have been written about comic\nbooks now, the specials, French television coming to interview you. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=3150.0,3180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47210/annotation/253","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's truly\nremarkable what has happened with the whole industry. Where do you see it going\nfrom here?\n\nSIMON: I see it all going to movies, and games, and characters, and t-shirts.\nThat's where it is now. I don't know if the comic book in its present ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=3180.0,3210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47210/annotation/254","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"form will\nmake a comeback. The kids are all on the internet nowadays, they got 500\nchannels on TV. I have that DVD, I never watch anything but the talk shows. As\nfar as reading comics, I don't know what they're putting out in comics, nobody\never sends me any.\n\nBERMAN: Do you have a relationship ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=3210.0,3240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47210/annotation/255","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with DC or Marvel today?\n\nSIMON: Yes, I have a good relationship with DC. I don't know, Marvel to me is\njust a pile of papers. I haven't any idea who is there. Although, I do have\nseveral good friends who have been there and are not there any longer. I don't\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=3240.0,3270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47210/annotation/256","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"know anything about . . . I don't like what I hear about Marvel. It's nothing to\ndo with my legal activities with them, but from what you read all over the place.\n\nBERMAN: I have a number of different names of different individuals, and if I\nmention some names to you, could you just give me a sentence? If you remember\nthat person, maybe a sentence or two about each one.\n\nSIMON: Bad or good?\n\nBERMAN: Whatever you like.\n\nSIMON: Okay.\n\nBERMAN: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=3270.0,3300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47210/annotation/257","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Bob Kane.\n\nSIMON: Bob Kane was doing Batman when we were doing Boy Commandos and the other\nthings. I remember he used to come into the office. I heard he was living at the\nEssex House where he had . . . the Essex House is a hotel on Central Park South,\nfor you Southerners. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=3300.0,3330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47210/annotation/258","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They told me that he had a living room area there, he was\nmaking very good money, and he had tile there in the form of Batman on the\nfloor. He would walk in . . . every time he'd walk in, he'd say \"Either you got\nit or you haven't got it, I got it.\" He had a guy by the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=3330.0,3360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47210/annotation/259","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"name of Bill Finger who\nwas, if you would excuse me, a good share of the brains and the talent behind\nBatman. [Bob] Kane used to borrow from everybody in the company. I was told that\nhe died broke, and he owed everybody, including [indistinct: 56:30]. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=3360.0,3390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47210/annotation/260","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He used to\nborrow from me and Jack, he never paid anybody back. Everybody in the company\ngave him a great deal of credit for Batman.\n\nBERMAN: How about Joe Shuster?\n\nSIMON: Joe Shuster was a very nice little guy. He was going blind, he couldn't\nmaintain any kind ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=3390.0,3420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47210/annotation/261","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of business in the comic books after he left DC. A very\npathetic figure.\n\nBERMAN: Jerry Siegel?\n\nSIMON: Jerry Siegel was a blustery, stout man. He was not my type of guy.\n\nBERMAN: Alex Schomburg?\n\nSIMON: I never met Alex Schomburg. He did some covers for us, but I never met\nhim. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=3420.0,3450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47210/annotation/262","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He was out of town.\n\nBERMAN: Syd Shores?\n\nSIMON: Who?\n\nBERMAN: Syd Shores.\n\nSIMON: Syd Shores? Yes, I hired Syd Shores. Good guy. I don't remember anything\nabout him, except he was a nice, quiet guy.\n\nBERMAN: Mort Meskin?\n\nSIMON: Mort Meskin? I love Mort Meskin, I love them. He was the funniest guy,\ngood bowler. He was . . . I have a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=3450.0,3480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47210/annotation/263","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"picture of Mort here . . . Very, very\ntalented. I would say he would give Kirby a good run for his money.\n\nBERMAN: Will Eisner?\n\nSIMON: Will Eisner? I can't believe that Will Eisner did all he did at such a\nyoung age. He's brilliant. Good guy, liked him. A guy you'd want to hang out ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=3480.0,3510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47210/annotation/264","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with.\n\nBERMAN: Marty Nodell?\n\nSIMON: I spoke to Marty about a year ago, he called me up. He's out in\nCalifornia somewhere?\n\nBERMAN: I think he's in Florida.\n\nSIMON: He's in Florida? Yes, he called me about pursuing this copyright thing,\nand I couldn't talk to him about it. I don't remember ever meeting him before.\nMarty Nodell, right?\n\nBERMAN: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=3510.0,3540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47210/annotation/265","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Sociologists today are coming up with this new line of thought about\ncomic books, and Superman in particular. He was created as the alter ego of\nSiegel and Shuster, who were not real strong themselves or muscular, they were\nmore like the Clark Kent image. Superman was a way for someone of that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=3540.0,3570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47210/annotation/266","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"stature,\na weaker kind of man, to portray himself. Do you think there's any validity at\nall to that?\n\nSIMON: Not at all. The kids were 17 years old when they came up with [Superman].\nAll kids, all 17 year olds are vulnerable. As in my case, they were just ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=3570.0,3600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47210/annotation/267","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"looking\nfor a product that would catch on and maybe sell a few thousand issues and go\naway. In the first place, Siegel and Shuster were totally, from what I knew,\ntotal opposites. You would have to pin this area on one of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=3600.0,3630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47210/annotation/268","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"them and pin another\narea on another. I've heard rumors of why I created characters and what prompted\nme, that was so outrageous and they were printed all over. They said that one of\nthe stories, Bucky, was dropped ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=3630.0,3660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47210/annotation/269","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because I had named him after a Black Buck. I\ndidn't even know what the hell that was, but I read it all over and similar\nstories about this creation and that creation, that people just write about.\nThey had no idea what the hell they're saying.\n\nBERMAN: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=3660.0,3690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47210/annotation/270","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Let me just ask you about a few more people and then . . .\n\nSIMON: Go ahead.\n\nBERMAN: . . . We can conclude the interview. Irwin Hasen?\n\nSIMON: Irwin Hasen? Yes, he's still around. A little guy. Maybe I met him a\ncouple times. I know he's a friend of Carmine Infantino. He did Dondi, right? He\nis another case there, where ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=3690.0,3720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47210/annotation/271","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Dondi at one time was the most successful character\nin the newspapers. Did you know that? Everyone said, \"He left, he left.\" \"He got\nfired, he got fired.\" \"He quit, he quit.\" He never made money off it and he's\nstill not making any money off it. I find that really strange.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=3720.0,3750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47210/annotation/272","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Gardner Fox?\n\nSIMON: But you didn't ask me that, did you?\n\nBERMAN: Gardner Fox?\n\nSIMON: Gardner Fox, I think he was involved with Harry a lot. I don't remember\nhim at all, I remember the name. I don't even remember his work or what, but he\nhad a very good name.\n\nBERMAN: Bill Finger?\n\nSIMON: Who?\n\nBERMAN: Bill Finger.\n\nSIMON: Didn't we just talk about Bill Finger?\n\nBERMAN: You mentioned him with Bob Kane, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=3750.0,3780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47210/annotation/273","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"yes.\n\nSIMON: Yes.\n\nBERMAN: Jerry Robinson?\n\nSIMON: Jerry Robinson, yes. Good guy and terrific artist. He was a great inker.\nHe had a lot to do with Batman.\n\nBERMAN: Harry Donenfeld?\n\nSIMON: Harry Donenfeld? I remember walking into Harry Donenfeld's office and he\nhad this huge bucket of Scotch on a swivel, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=3780.0,3810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47210/annotation/274","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as soon as you walk in. Jack\nLiebowitz was there to introduce me and Kirby to Harry Donenfeld, who was his\npartner. Donenfeld would swivel over this case of Scotch and offer us a drink,\npoured [a] drink for us. He was introduced to us, we were the big shining\nnewcomers to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=3810.0,3840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47210/annotation/275","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the firm. Then a couple of days later, we come in with some\nsketches and Jack Liebowitz would take us into Harry Donenfeld's office, and he\npoured us scotch and introduced us. Then every couple of days he'd introduce us\nagain. It never stopped, we were there for maybe four or five years, and we were\nall being introduced to Harry Donenfeld.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=3840.0,3870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47210/annotation/276","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: What was Jack Liebowitz like?\n\nSIMON: Jack Liebowitz was great, I loved Jack Liebowitz. He was a businessman.\nHe was straight, very straight, very honest with us. Always sending us royalties\nwhen we were away in the service. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=3870.0,3900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47210/annotation/277","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I felt very guilty that we didn't come back to\nhim, but we had made a better deal. A deal that we knew we couldn't make with\nJack [and] Donenfeld, with the Harvey Publications, Harvey Comics. I felt very\nguilty about that, but then later I went back to Jack Liebowitz, a different\ntime, during the Six-Day War. When was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=3900.0,3930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47210/annotation/278","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that?\n\nBERMAN: 1967?\n\nSIMON: I had an idea for a picture book, with [Gamal Abdel] Nasser telling the\nstory and taking newspaper pictures and putting humorous captions on it. The\ntitle of the book was Funny Thing Happened to Me on the Way to Tel Aviv, and the\ncover showed ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=3930.0,3960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47210/annotation/279","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Moshe [Dayan] . . . what's his name?\n\nBERMAN: Moshe Dayan.\n\nSIMON: It showed Nasser and his military staff at a meeting and they all had the\nMoshe Dayan eye patch on them, the whole bunch of them. That was the cover of\nthe book. I says, \"You want to publish this for me?\" He looked at it and he\nlaughed, and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=3960.0,3990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47210/annotation/280","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"he said, \"Sure.\" They published the book, and it did very well. I\nremember the book, I remember he was looking at the credits on the title page.\nWhat I had on there was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=3990.0,4020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47210/annotation/281","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"something like, \"No names have been changed. All people\nwho participated in this book should live and be well.\" He accepted that as a\nbad legal thing. The book did well, and after it went off sale a couple of years\nafter that, he sent me a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=4020.0,4050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47210/annotation/282","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"bonus, several thousand dollars bonus beyond the 25\npercent that I was really paid. I had a wonderful relationship, I loved him.\n\nBERMAN: That's it for me, Jane [Leavy] has a couple of questions, I'm going to\nlet her . . .\n\nLEAVY: In our thinking about developing this exhibition, I want your help a\nlittle ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=4050.0,4080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47210/annotation/283","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"bit. What's the distinction between the comic book illustrators and\nauthors and the comic strip artists?\n\nSIMON: The comic strip is put out for newspapers and distributed by newspapers,\nfeature ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=4080.0,4110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47210/annotation/284","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"syndicates. When we were starting in this business, comic strips . . .\nagain? [memoirist fixes hair] . . . comic strips were . . . I need a haircut . .\n. were, in our estimation, much more respected than the comic books. Now,\nthrough the ages, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=4110.0,4140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47210/annotation/285","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this has all been reversed because there aren't many notable\ncomic strip characters that are being merchandised and publicized as compared to\nthe comic book characters. Does that answer your question? At the beginning, the\ncomic strip was what we all wanted to get into, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=4140.0,4170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47210/annotation/286","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"now everybody wants to get into\ncomic books. Although, they don't realize that both of them have probably\ndiminished in popularity.\n\nLEAVY: Do the creators of one have more control over the characters and the\nstorylines than the creators of the other?\n\nSIMON: I think ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=4170.0,4200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47210/annotation/287","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the answer would be no. The comic strip people have more\nownership than the comic book people, and this has been a general rule, not a\ntotal rule, since the beginning of the entire field. That the comic strip people\nare treated with more ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=4200.0,4230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47210/annotation/288","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"professional respect than the comic book people, as far as\nownership rights and the other things that are entailed, such as licensing.\nThat's not true in all the cases.\n\nLEAVY: For the purpose of our exhibition, if we're really looking at ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=4230.0,4260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47210/annotation/289","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the period\nthat the Golden Age covered The Thirties and Forties. Are the books and the\nstrips two totally different things or would you advise us to talk about them together?\n\nSIMON: I would say as far as The Thirties, the comic books were not . . . they\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=4260.0,4290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47210/annotation/290","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"didn't appear until 1938 in any decent volume or form. Would I advise you to . .\n. do you have enough comics? I don't think you have enough strips to run them\nindependently, if you want to throw them in with the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=4290.0,4320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47210/annotation/291","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"comics, it's fine. I don't\nthink it makes any difference to anybody in the comic book business.\n\nLEAVY: That was my question.\n\nSIMON: The comic strips had some great talent, Hal Foster and so many of them I\ncan't ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=4320.0,4350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/transcript/47210/annotation/292","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"remember. I shouldn't be remembering anything, I'm too old!\n\nBERMAN: Thank you so very much.\n\nSIMON: Okay.\n\nBERMAN: It's been a pleasure, it really has.\n\nSIMON: Alright.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=4350.0,4380.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1094","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Annotations [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1094/annotation/293","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRochester is a city in Western New York, in Monroe County. It is the fourth most populous city in the state. The city was a manufacturing center, located in a river valley which gave rise to the flour mill industry and textiles industry. Many well-known American companies have come from Rochester including Kodak and Xerox. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1094/annotation/294","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePossibly refers to Highland Hospital, Rochester, New York. Highland Hospital was established in 1889 as the Hahnemann Hospital, in 1891 it was renamed Hargous Memorial Hahnemann Hospital before the name was changed back to the Hahnemann Hospital in 1902.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1094/annotation/295","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLeeds is a city in West Yorkshire, northern England. The city has roots in manufacturing, a major production center of carbonated water, wool, flax, and iron. Many of its Victorian-era arcades and markets still exist today. It was awarded city status in 1893, and a populous city center that absorbed surrounding villages developed. The nearest major city to Leeds is York, and it is located about halfway between London and Edinburgh.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1094/annotation/296","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Yiddish term for town, ‘shtetl’ commonly refers to small towns or villages in pre–World War II Eastern and Central Europe with a significant Jewish presence that were primarily Yiddish speaking.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1094/annotation/297","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIrving Simon (born Israel Simon) (approx. 1896-1969) was the uncle of comic book writer and artist Joe Simon, his father’s younger brother. He was born in Leeds, England to a Jewish family before immigrating to America with his family. He worked as a furrier in New York. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=120.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1094/annotation/298","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIsaac Simon (approx. 1881-1969) was the uncle of comic book writer and artist Joe Simon, his father’s older brother. He was born to a Jewish family, and grew up in Leeds, England before immigrating to America with his family. He worked as a tailor in New York.  \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=120.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1094/annotation/299","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWorld War I, also called First World War or Great War, was an international conflict that in 1914–18 embroiled most of the nations of Europe along with Russia, the United States, the Middle East, and other regions. The war pitted the Central Powers—mainly Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Turkey—against the Allies—mainly France, Great Britain, Russia, Italy, Japan, and, from 1917, the United States. It ended with the defeat of the Central Powers.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=150.0,180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1094/annotation/300","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe term “Third World” arose during the Cold War to refer to countries that were not a part of NATO or the Warsaw Pact. There is no consensus on the definition of the term, as it arose as a political term rather than an economic grouping. It was frequently used to colloquially refer to countries of lower economic status or newly industrialized countries. It has more recently increasingly fallen out of favor and been replaced with terms such as “developing countries”, “least developed countries” or “the Global South”.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=150.0,180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1094/annotation/301","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Hickey-Freeman Co. is a manufacturer of suits for men, based in Rochester, New York. It was founded in 1899, a major player in the booming clothing industry in the early twentieth century. Today, the company still operates in its facility in Rochester which opened in 1912. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=210.0,240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1094/annotation/302","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA Communist is a person who subscribes to the political ideology of Communism, a political theory derived from Karl Marx. It advocates for replacing private property and a profit based society with public ownership and communal control of most major means of production and natural resources. It’s an ideology that falls on the far left of the political spectrum.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=210.0,240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1094/annotation/303","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLeft-wing refers to a range of political ideologies that align with values such as social equality and often oppose social hierarchies. Left-wing politics most often subscribe to the idea that there are unjustified inequalities, such as imbalances in wealth and power in society, that must be reduced or eliminated entirely.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=240.0,270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1094/annotation/304","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHebrew school can be either the Jewish equivalent of Sunday school (an educational regimen separate from secular education, focusing on topics of Jewish history and learning the Hebrew language), or a primary, secondary, or college level educational institution where some or all of the classes are taught in Hebrew.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=300.0,330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1094/annotation/305","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA bar mitzvah [Hebrew: son of commandments; plural: b’nai mitzvah] is a rite of passage for Jewish boys aged 13 years and one day. At that time, a Jewish boy is considered a responsible adult for most religious purposes. He is now duty-bound to keep the commandments, he puts on tefillin, and may be counted to the minyan quorum for public worship. He celebrates the bar mitzvah by being called up to the reading of the Torah in the synagogue, usually on the next available Sabbath after his Hebrew birthday.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=330.0,360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1094/annotation/306","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eKosher or Kashrut is a set of dietary laws dealing with the foods that Jews are permitted to eat and how those foods must be prepared according to Jewish law. Food that may be consumed is deemed kosher, from the Ashkenazi pronunciation of the Hebrew term kashér, meaning \"fit\" (in this context, \"fit for consumption\"). In colloquial English, kosher often means \"legitimate,\" \"acceptable,\" \"permissible,\" \"genuine,\" or \"authentic.\"\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=330.0,360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1094/annotation/307","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHeineken Lager Beer or Heineken Pilsener is a Dutch pale lager beer created in 1873. It is distributed by the Dutch brewing company Heineken N.V. and is sold in a green bottle with a red star. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=390.0,420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1094/annotation/308","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOrthodox Judaism is a traditional branch of Judaism that strictly follows the written Torah and the oral law concerning prayer, dress, food, sex, family relations, social behavior, the Sabbath day, holidays, and more.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=420.0,450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1094/annotation/309","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSephardic Jews are the Jews of Spain, Portugal, North Africa, and the Middle East, and their descendants. The adjective “Sephardic” and corresponding nouns Sephardi (singular) and Sephardim (plural) are derived from the Hebrew word Sepharad, which refers to Spain. Historically, the vernacular language of Sephardic Jews was Ladino, a Romance language derived from Old Spanish, incorporating elements from the old Romance languages of the Iberian Peninsula, Hebrew, Aramaic, and in the lands receiving those who were exiled, Ottoman Turkish, Arabic, Greek, Bulgarian, and Serbo-Croatian vocabulary.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=420.0,450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1094/annotation/310","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe High Holy Days are the two holiest times of the Jewish calendar: Rosh HaShanah (Jewish New Year) and Yom Kippur (Day of Atonement).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=450.0,480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1094/annotation/311","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRefers to playing a dice game in which players bet on the outcome of rolling a pair of dice. Craps can be played in informal settings with money wagers against one another, or in a casino with money wagers against a bank. Craps requires little equipment, giving it popularity in informal settings, also known as “street craps”. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=450.0,480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1094/annotation/312","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe World Series is an annual championship series of Major League Baseball in America and Canada. It began in 1903 as a championship between teams of the American League and the National League. The winner is determined through a best-of-seven playoff. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=450.0,480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1094/annotation/313","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eYom Kippur [Hebrew: “day of atonement”] The most sacred day of the Jewish year. Yom Kippur is a 25-hour fast day. Most of the day is spent in prayer, reciting yizkor for deceased relatives, confessing sins, requesting divine forgiveness, and listening to Torah readings and sermons. People greet each other with the wish that they may be sealed in the heavenly book for a good year ahead. The day ends with the blowing of the shofar (a ram’s horn).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=480.0,510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1094/annotation/314","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRosh HaShanah [Hebrew: head of the year] begins the cycle of High Holy Days. It introduces the Ten Days of Penitence, when Jews examine their souls and take stock of their actions. On the tenth day is Yom Kippur, the Day of Atonement. The tradition is that on Rosh HaShanah, G-d sits in judgment on humanity. Then the fate of every living creature is inscribed in the Book of Life or the Book of Death. Prayer and repentance before the sealing of the books on Yom Kippur may revoke these decisions.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=480.0,510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1094/annotation/315","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThomas Edwin Mix (born Thomas Hezikiah Mix) (1880-1940) was an actor and star of many early Western films from 1909 to 1935. He appeared in nearly 300 films, becoming Hollywood’s first Western star, and helped define the genre as it emerged in early cinema. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=600.0,630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1094/annotation/316","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Rochester Evening Journal was a newspaper first published in 1922 by Heart Communications, the Sunday edition was known as the Rochester American. The paper ceased publication in 1937 following Hearst’s financial troubles, it was sold to the owners of its rival papers.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=810.0,840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1094/annotation/317","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHearst Communications, Inc., is an American mass media company founded in 1887 by mining entrepreneur and U.S. senator, George Hearst when he purchased the San Francisco Daily Examiner. In the 1920’s and 1930’s the company was successful internationally, with many publications in major cities and radio stations to complement newspapers.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=810.0,840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1094/annotation/318","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWilliam Randolph Hearst Sr. (1863-1951) was a newspaper publisher and politician best known as the founder of the newspaper chain and media company Hearst Communications. Hearst entered the publishing field in 1887 and by the late 1930’s Hearst was deeply in debt and was forced to liquidate most of his assets, although managing to keep his newspapers. Hearst was a supporter of the Nazi Party and published favorable coverage of Nazi Germany, often using his business to bolster his own political opinions.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=810.0,840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1094/annotation/319","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Syracuse Herald-Journal was a newspaper first published in 1839 under the name the Western State Journal. In 1925, Heart Communications merged the newspapers the Syracuse Herald and the Syracuse Journal to form the Syracuse Herald-Journal. The paper ceased publication in 2001.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=870.0,900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1094/annotation/320","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSyracuse is a city in Central New York, in Onondaga County. It is the fifth most populous city in the state. Historically, the city’s location allowed it to serve as a major crossroad for the Erie Canal, and later the railway network. Today, it has the largest airport in the Central New York region and is home to multiple universities. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=870.0,900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1094/annotation/321","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSee annotation for The Syracuse Herald-Journal. The Syracuse Journal was one of two newspapers that merged in 1925 to form the Syracuse Herald-Journal.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=900.0,930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1094/annotation/322","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDC Comics, Inc. is a comic book publisher, the flagship unit of DC Entertainment, and a subsidiary of Warner Bros. Discovery. DC Comics was the result of the merge of multiple publishing companies founded by Harry Donenfeld, Paul Sampliner, and Jack Liebowitz. The first comic published under DC Comics was in 1937, with comics being published earlier by the company’s predecessors. DC Comics has created many well-known superheroes, including Superman, Batman, Wonder Woman, and Flash, and teams such as the Justice League and Teen Titans. DC Comics is a long-time competitor of Marvel Comics.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=1080.0,1110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1094/annotation/323","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHarry Donenfeld (1893-1965) was a publisher most well-known for distributing Detective Comics and Action Comics, comics that introduced the superheroes Superman and Batman. Donenfeld’s company National Allied Publications would later become DC Comics, making him an early contributor and pioneer of the comic book industry. He was born in Romania to a Jewish family, immigrating to America with his family as a child.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=1080.0,1110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1094/annotation/324","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJacob Liebowitz (born Yacov Lebovitz) (1900-2000) was an accountant and publisher best known as the business partner Harry Donenfeld, co-owning National Allied Publications, later known as DC Comics. Liebowitz and Donenfeld distributed comics through their company Independent News Company, shortly after they launched Detective Comics. Liebowitz is credited with establishing comic book publishing as a legitimate business endeavor. He was born in present-day Ukraine to a Jewish family, immigrating to New York City as a child.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=1080.0,1110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1094/annotation/325","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJerome Siegel (1914-1996) was a comic book writer best known for co-creating DC Comics’ superhero character Superman with friend Joe Shuster. Siegel contributed to many characters and comics for both DC Comics and Marvel Comics. Shuster and Siegel were involved in multiple legal disputes regarding the ownership of Superman. He was born in Cleveland, Ohio to a Jewish family.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=1080.0,1110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1094/annotation/326","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDell Comics was a comic book publisher, which had its beginnings in publishing pulp magazines. Dell Comics published comics from 1929 to 1974. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=1110.0,1140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1094/annotation/327","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCaptain Marvel was the name of a series of comic books published from 1940 to 1953 by Fawcett Comics. In 1951, a copyright infringement suit from DC Comics led Fawcett Comics to cease publication in 1953. In 1967, Marvel Comics debuted its character Captain Marvel and trademarked the name. Marvel Comics’ version of the character has become most well-known, especially since the character’s introduction into the Marvel Cinematic Universe. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=1140.0,1170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1094/annotation/328","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFrederick Whitney Ellsworth (1908-1980) was a writer and editor for National Allied Publications and National Periodical Publications, predecessors to DC Comics. He was also a producer and story editor for DC Comics’ Superman television series. He was an integral contributor to DC Comics during the Golden Age and Silver Age of comics.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=1170.0,1200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1094/annotation/329","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGoy (plural: goyim) is a Yiddish term meaning “people” or “nation.” In common usage, it designates a non-Jewish or Gentile person. The word \"goyishe\" would be used as an adjective to describe something non-Jewish. The word is sometimes used in a pejorative sense, but can also be neutral.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=1200.0,1230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1094/annotation/330","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSamuel Victor Fox (1893-1957) was the founder of The Golden Age comic book publisher, Fox Publications. In 1929 a Victor S. Fox was arrested with serval others in connection to illegal stock trading, it is unclear if this was the same Fox as the comic book publisher. Fox was born in Nottinghamshire, England before moving with his family to America in 1898. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=1230.0,1260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1094/annotation/331","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eNational Comics Publications, Inc. was a comic book publishing company and the direct predecessor of DC Comics. Originally two companies, National Allied Publications, Inc. and Detective Comics, Inc., the companies merged in 1946 and officially adopted the more widely known name, DC Comics, in 1977.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=1290.0,1320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1094/annotation/332","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWall Street is an eight-block-long street in the Financial District of Lower Manhattan in New York City. The term ‘Wall Street’ has come to colloquially refer to the financial markets of the United States as a whole. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=1290.0,1320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1094/annotation/333","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWilliam Erwin Eisner (1917-2005) was a cartoonist, author, and entrepreneur. He was born in Brooklyn, New York to Jewish immigrant parents. He is credited with popularizing the phrase ‘graphic novel’ with his book A Contract with God. He was an early contributor to comics studies, having the Eisner Award named in his honor and awarded annually at San Diego Comic-Con.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=1290.0,1320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1094/annotation/334","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJerry Iger (born Samuel Maxwell Iger) (1903-1990) was a cartoonist, artist, and entrepreneur. He was born in New York City to Austrian-Jewish parents. He is best known for co-founding Eisner \u0026amp; Iger, a Golden Age comic book producer with business partner Will Eisner.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=1350.0,1380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1094/annotation/335","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFox Feature Syndicate was a comic book publisher in the early period of comics known as the Golden Age. It was founded by Victor Fox, producing titles and characters such as Blue Beetle, Fantastic Comics, and Mystery Men Comics. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=1380.0,1410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1094/annotation/336","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTimely Comics was an early comic book publisher and predecessor of Marvel Comics. It was founded in 1939 by Martin Goodman in the Golden Age of comic books. Timely was the name of a group of corporations owned by Goodman, in the 1960’s it became the well-known comic book and entertainment giant, Marvel Comics.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=1410.0,1440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1094/annotation/337","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBlue Bolt is a superhero character appearing in comics published by Novelty Press. Blue Bolt was created by Joe Simon and debuted in the comic book Blue Bolt Comics #1 in 1940. Blue Bolt is the alias for Fred Parrish, who gains his superhero powers after being struck by lightning.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=1470.0,1500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1094/annotation/338","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFunnies, Inc. was a comic book packager from the late 1930’s to 1940’s, also known as the Golden Age of comic books. It was founded by Lloyd Jacquet and would eventually become one of the various publishers and distributors that formed Marvel Comics.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=1470.0,1500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1094/annotation/339","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Saturday Evening Post is a magazine founded in 1821. From the 1920’s to the 1960’s, it was one the most circulated magazines that reached approximately two million homes weekly. In 1982, the magazine was purchased by the Saturday Evening Post Society and has been published six times a year since. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=1470.0,1500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1094/annotation/340","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCaptain America is a superhero character appearing in comics published by Marvel Comics. Captain America was created by Joe Simon and Jack Kirby. The character debuted in the comic book Captain America Comics #1 in 1940. Captain American is the alias of Steve Rogers, a chronically ill, Brooklyn native enhanced with superhuman strength and physique by an experimental “super-solider serum” after joining the United States Army, to aid in the country’s efforts in World War II. Captain America and his partner Bucky Barnes frequently clash with Axis leaders and characters drawn upon the Axis powers. Towards the very end of the war, an accident leaves Captain America in a suspended frozen state until he wakes in the modern era. Reassuming the mantle of Captain America, he becomes the leader of the superhero team the Avengers as he struggles to adjust to the new era. His arc in the Marvel Cinematic Universe focuses on his journey as a hero from the 1940’s to the 2020’s.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=1500.0,1530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1094/annotation/341","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSilver Streak is a superhero character appearing in comics published by Lev Gleason Publications. Silver Streak was created by Joe Simon and debuted in the comic book Blue Bolt Comics #1 in 1940. He is considered the second comic book superhero to be introduced with the power of super-speed, introduced just shortly after DC Comics’ The Flash.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=1560.0,1590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1094/annotation/342","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTreasury Man or T-Man Turner was the lead comic hero character appearing in comics published by Novelty Press. T-Man Turner was part of a group of Treasury Agents working for the US Government. He had no secret identity or superhuman powers. The character debuted in the comic book Target Comics #1 in 1940.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=1560.0,1590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1094/annotation/343","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJack Kirby (born Jacob Kurtzberg) (1917-1994) was a comic book artist, writer, and editor, regarded as one of the most innovative and prolific creators in the comic book industry. Upon entering the comic book field in the 1930’s, Kirby used various pen names before settling on Jack Kirby. He was a longtime partner and collaborator with Joe Simon, in 1940 they created the well-known superhero character Captain America. In the 1940’s Kirby frequently collaborated with Simon and created various characters for the predecessor of DC Comics. He was born on the Lower East Side of Manhattan, New York City to Austrian-Jewish parents. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=1590.0,1620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1094/annotation/344","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCharles Nicholas is the pen name of three different comic book writers and artists, including Charles Nicholas Wojtkoski (1921-1985). Wojtkoski was a comic book artist and writer credited with creating the Fox Comics’ character Blue Beetle in 1939. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=1620.0,1650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1094/annotation/345","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Lower East Side is a neighborhood in the southeastern part of Manhattan in New York City. It was historically an immigrant, working class neighborhood. It had a large number of tenement buildings where the immigrants settled. By the 1920s, the Jewish population was one of the largest ethnic groups on the Lower East Side.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=1680.0,1710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1094/annotation/346","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe term “ghetto” originated in sixteenth-century Venice from the Jewish quarter, where authorities compelled the city’s Jews to live. The term’s usage spread across Europe and referred to areas within cities where members of minorities (typically Jews) lived and were often restricted to by the authorities as a way to separate them from the majority Christian population. During World War II, Nazi Germany established ghettos in segregated city districts to further isolate and imprison regional Jewish populations. Starting in 1939, the Germans established at least 1,000 ghettos in German-occupied and annexed Poland and the Soviet Union alone. Jews living in ghettos experienced miserable conditions and overcrowding.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=1680.0,1710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1094/annotation/347","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMartin Goodman (born Moe Goodman) (1908-1992) was a publisher of pulp magazines, books, and comic books. In 1939, Goodman founded Timely Comics, later known as Marvel Comics, contributing to the creation of well-known superheroes such as Captain America. Goodman was born in Brooklyn, New York to Jewish immigrant parents.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=1680.0,1710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1094/annotation/348","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA letterer is a member of a team of comic book creators. Letterers are responsible for drawing the comic book’s text to contribute to the impact and effect of the text in the comic.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=1800.0,1830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1094/annotation/349","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eKable News Company was a distributor to comic book publication company Timely Comics and Timely Comics’ owner Martin Goodman. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=1950.0,1980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1094/annotation/350","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCapitalism is an economic system based on the private ownership of the means of production and their operation for profit. Capitalism is characterized by competitive markets, private property, and wage labor. It is sometimes understood as the individualistic, opposing theory to Communism.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=2070.0,2100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1094/annotation/351","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWorld War II (abbreviated WWII or WW2) was a global war involving fighting in most of the world and most countries. Most countries fought in the years 1939–1945 but some started fighting in 1937. Most of the world's countries, including all the great powers, fought as part of two military alliances: the Allies and the Axis Powers. World War II was the largest and deadliest conflict in all of history. It involved more countries, cost more money, involved more people, and killed more people than any other war in history. Between 50 to 85 million people died. The majority were civilians. It included massacres, the deliberate genocide of the Holocaust, strategic bombing, starvation, disease, and the only use of nuclear weapons against civilians in history.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=2160.0,2190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1094/annotation/352","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAdolf Hitler (1889-1945) was a German politician who was the leader of the Nazi Party, Chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945, and Führer (“leader”) of Nazi Germany from 1934 to 1945. As dictator of Nazi Germany, he initiated World War II in Europe with the invasion of Poland in September 1939 and was a central figure of the Holocaust.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=2220.0,2250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1094/annotation/353","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBenito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini (1883-1945) was an Italian politician, journalist, and leader of the National Fascist Party. He ruled Italy as Prime Minister from 1922 until he was ousted in 1943. He ruled constitutionally until 1925, when he dropped all pretense of democracy and set up a legal dictatorship. He was known as “Il Duce” (“The Leader”). Mussolini was captured and executed near Lake Como by Italian partisans on April 27, 1945.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=2220.0,2250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1094/annotation/354","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFrancisco Franco was born in El Ferrol, Spain in 1892. He joined the Spanish military 1907 at 14 years old and by 1939 had become dictator of Spain after leading an uprising against the presiding administration after the Spanish Civil War. During World War II, Franco sided with the Axis alliance although Spain did not directly commit their military to the war effort.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=2250.0,2280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1094/annotation/355","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHideki Tojo (born Tōjō Hideki) (1884-1948) was a Japanese politician, military leader, and convicted war criminal. Tojo served as the prime minister of Japan and president of the Imperial Rule Assistance Association from 1941 to 1944 during World War II. He was a central figure in Japan’s war crimes during World War II, including extreme state-sanctioned violence justified by Japanese ultranationalism. He was removed from power in 1944 and attempted suicide in 1945, before being executed for war crimes in 1948.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=2250.0,2280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1094/annotation/356","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBoy Commandos was a comic book series first published in 1942 by DC Comics that follows the exploits of a fictional “kid gang” of different nationalities fighting Nazis, referred to in the series as “the Ratzies”. The series was created, and initially written and drawn by Joe Simon and Jack Kirby. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=2340.0,2370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1094/annotation/357","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBrooklyn is a borough of New York City. It is named after the Dutch town of Breukelen. It is located on the westernmost edge of Long Island and shares a border with Queens.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=2370.0,2400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1094/annotation/358","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA Tommy gun is a nickname for the Thompson submachine gun, it is a blowback-operated, selective-fire submachine gun. It was invented in 1918 and intended for use in trench warfare in World War I. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=2370.0,2400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1094/annotation/359","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSee annotation for Boy Commandos. Andre Chavard is a character appearing in comics published by DC Comics. He is a French member of the Boy Commandos, an elite commando squad of orphaned children fighting on all fronts of World War II. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=2370.0,2400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1094/annotation/360","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA seabag is a canvas bag used especially by sailors or military service members for clothes and other belongings.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=2430.0,2460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1094/annotation/361","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Commendation Medal is a mid-level United States military decoration awarded for acts of heroism or meritorious service.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=2520.0,2550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1094/annotation/362","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eYoung Romance is a comic book series first published in 1947 by Prize Comics. The series was created by Joe Simon and Jack Kirby, generally considered the first romance comic, it became very successful, leading to a boom in romantic comic books. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=2580.0,2610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1094/annotation/363","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Golden Age is the era of comic book publications that is considered to have begun with the first publications of Superman in 1938 and Captain America shortly after in 1941. The era is considered to have ended around 1956, following moral panic regarding the content of comic books. This moral panic led to the creation of the Comics Code Authority [CCA], which controlled and often censored content that dealt with themes of racial and religious prejudice, violence, and horror.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=2730.0,2760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1094/annotation/364","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMark Twain was the pen name of Samuel Langhorne Clemens (1835-1910), an American author and humorist. He wrote The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and its sequel, Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, which is often called \"The Great American Novel\". Twain’s last completed novel, The Personal Recollections of Joan of Arc by the Sieur Louis de Conte, recounts the life of Joan of Arc and was published in 1896.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=2760.0,2790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1094/annotation/365","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSee annotation for Mark Twain. Huck Finn refers to Adventures of Huckleberry Finn a novel by Mark Twain, published in 1884. It is considered one of the “Great American Novels”.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=2820.0,2850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1094/annotation/366","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGeorge Tuska (1916-2009) was a comic book and comic strip artist. He was born in Hartford, Connecticut to Russian immigrant parents. He is best known for his work illustrating Fawcett Comics’ Captain Marvel, Marvel Comics’ Iron Man, and other work for DC Comics. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=2880.0,2910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1094/annotation/367","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBill Draut (1921-1993) was a comic book artist, best known for his work at Harvey Comics and DC Comics from the 1940’s to the 1970’s. Draut worked with Joe Simon and Jack Kirby on Young Romance, a romantic comic series first published in 1947. He is credited as a penciler and inker on numerous Young Romance comics. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=2880.0,2910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1094/annotation/368","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJack Davis (born John Burton Davis Jr.) (1924-2016) was a cartoonist and illustrator, best known as one of the founding cartoonists of Mad Magazine in 1952. Davis illustrated various art including film posters, album artwork, and comic books. Davis was born in Atlanta, Georgia. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=2910.0,2940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1094/annotation/369","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBob Powell (born Stanley Robert Pawlowski) (1916-1967) was a comic book artist, known for his work during the Golden Age of comic books. Powell was also the penciler for the art on bubble gum trading card series Mars Attacks. He was born in Buffalo, New York, and studied art at Pratt Institute in New York City.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=2910.0,2940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1094/annotation/370","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMarvel Comics is a comic book publisher, the property of The Walt Disney Company since 2009. Marvel was founded by Martin Goodman as Timely Comics in 1939, by 1951 being known as Atlas Comics, and finally Marvel Comics in 1961. Marvel Comics has created many well-known superheroes, including Spider-Man, Iron Man, Captain America, and teams such as the Avengers and Fantastic Four. Today the Marvel Franchise has an extensive cinematic universe featuring its superheroes, and owns the licensing to other popular franchises, including Star Wars comics. Marvel Comics is a long-time competitor of DC Comics.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=2940.0,2970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1094/annotation/371","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Great Depression was a severe worldwide economic depression in the decade preceding World War II. The time of the Great Depression varied across nations, but in most countries it started in about 1929, when the American stock market crashed, and lasted until the late 1930s or early 1940s. It was the longest, most widespread, and deepest depression of the twentieth century. The Great Depression is often seen as the major turning point in 20th-century world history. In Europe, World War I had a long-term impact on the economy and financial stability. Postwar inflation spiraled into hyperinflation by the 1920’s and European banks struggled to stay open. Exasperating the situation were skyrocketing unemployment rates. The Great Depression had immediately visible political and social ramifications in Europe, including increased antisemitism and nationalism.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=3060.0,3090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1094/annotation/372","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRobert Kane (born Robert Kahn) (1915-1998) was a comic book writer, animator, and artist best known for co-creating DC Comics’ Batman with Bill Finger. For many years Kane was credited as the sole creator of Batman until advocates for Bill Finger helped him posthumously earn co-creator status. Kane also helped contribute to the creation of many early Batman characters such as Robin, the Joker, and Catwoman. Kane was born in New York City to a Jewish family.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=3300.0,3330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1094/annotation/373","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBatman is a superhero character appearing in comics published by DC Comics. Batman was created by writer Bill Finger and designed by artist Bob Kane. The character debuted in the comic book Detective Comics #27 in 1939. Batman is the vigilante alias of Bruce Wayne, a wealthy playboy, philanthropist, and industrialist living in Gotham City. Considered to be a darker departure from the tone of Superman, Batman’s origin centers around him witnessing the murder of his parents as a child, prompting him to seek vengeance against the criminals of Gotham City. Today, along with Superman, Batman is one of the most well-known superheroes, having been adapted in many other forms of media, including novels, video games, film, and television.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=3300.0,3330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1094/annotation/374","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe JW Marriott Essex House is a luxury hotel on Central Park South in Midtown Manhattan, New York City. The hotel opened in 1931, it contains 426 Art Deco style rooms and 101 suites, in addition to 147 condominium residences.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=3300.0,3330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1094/annotation/375","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCentral Park South, also known as 59th Street, is a crosstown street in the New York City borough of Manhattan. 59th Street forms the southern border of Central Park.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=3300.0,3330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1094/annotation/376","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBill Finger (born Milton Finger) (1914-1974) was a comic book, film, and television writer. He is best known for co-creating DC Comics’ superhero Batman with Bob Kane. Despite his contributions to many well-known characters and comics, he was not officially credited as Batman’s co-creator until 2015, previously relegated to ghostwriter. Finger was born in Denver, Colorado to a Jewish family, after his death in 1974 his granddaughter fought to restore his legacy and attribute credit for his contributions to comics.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=3360.0,3390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1094/annotation/377","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJoseph Shuster (1914-1992) was a comic book artist best known for co-creating DC Comics’ superhero character Superman with friend Jerry Siegel. Shuster and Siegel were involved in multiple legal disputes regarding the ownership of Superman and his comics career after Superman was relatively unsuccessful. He was awarded multiple awards for contributions to the comic book industry. Shuster was born in Toronto, Canada to a Jewish family.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=3390.0,3420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1094/annotation/378","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAlexander A. Schomburg (born Alejandro Schomburg y Rosa) (1905-1998) was a comic book artist and painter best known for his cover art for Marvel comics and a long career in comics.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=3420.0,3450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1094/annotation/379","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSydney Shores (1916-1973) was a comic book artist best known for his work on Marvel Comics’ Captain America in both the Golden Age and Silver Age of comics.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=3450.0,3480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1094/annotation/380","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMorton Meskin (1916-1995) was a comic book artist known for his work in the Golden Age and Silver Age of comic books. Meskin created work for National Periodical Publications (a predecessor to DC Comics) and Marvel Comics. He was born in Brooklyn, New York to a Jewish family.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=3450.0,3480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1094/annotation/381","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMartin Nodell (1915-2006) was a comic book artist and illustrator, best known for creating the DC Comics superhero character Green Lantern during the Golden Age of comics. Nodell was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to a Jewish family. He also notably worked on commercial storyboards in the 1950’s and 1960’s, contributing to the creation of the Pillsbury Doughboy.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=3510.0,3540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1094/annotation/382","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSuperman is a superhero character appearing in comics published by DC Comics. Superman was created by writer Jerry Siegel and designed by artist Joe Shuster, both Jewish. The character debuted in the comic book Action Comics #1 in 1938. Superman was born Kal-El on the planet Krypton, facing impending destruction of their home planet, Kal-El’s parents send the infant to Earth in a rocket. After landing in Smallville, Kansas, the infant is adopted by Jonathan and Martha Kent, and given the name Clark Kent. In the comics, Clark often expresses concern about fitting in and feeling like an outsider given his heritage, suggesting similarities between the experiences of Clark Kent and his Jewish creators. Today, Superman is one of the most well-known superheroes, having been adapted in many other forms of media, including radio serials, novels, film, and television.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=3540.0,3570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1094/annotation/383","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSee annotation for Superman.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=3540.0,3570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1094/annotation/384","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJames Buchanan “Bucky” Barnes is a character appearing in comics published by Timely Comics (Marvel Comics’ predecessor) and Marvel Comics. Bucky Barnes was created by Joe Simon and Jack Kirby. Bucky debuted in the comic book Captain America Comics #1 in 1941 as a sidekick to Captain America. In 2005, the character was reintroduced as a Soviet prisoner of war and brainwashed assassin cyborg, the Winter Soldier, in comics by writer Ed Brubaker. In a redemption arc, Bucky becomes Captain America’s partner once again. This reintroduction became the basis of his character in the Marvel Cinematic Universe. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=3630.0,3660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1094/annotation/385","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBlack Buck was a racial slur in post-Reconstruction America used to refer to African American men. It was a caricature used to particularly describe black men who refused to obey white authority and were seen as violent.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=3660.0,3690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1094/annotation/386","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIrwin Hasen (1918-2015) was a comic book artist and cartoonist best known as the co-creator of the daily comic strip Dondi and for his run illustrating Green Lantern for DC Comics in the 1940’s. He was born in Brooklyn, New York to a Jewish family.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=3690.0,3720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1094/annotation/387","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCarmine Infantino (1925-2013) was a comic book artist and editor, best known for his work at DC Comics during the Silver Age of comic books. Infantino is credited with creating well-known DC Comics characters including Black Canary, the Silver Age version of Flash, and Barbara Gordon, Batgirl. Infantino was born in Brooklyn, New York City to an American father and Italian mother.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=3690.0,3720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1094/annotation/388","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDondi was a daily comic strip published from 1955 to 1986 by the Chicago Tribune New York News Syndicate. It was named after its main protagonist, a large-eyed war orphan. The series was created by Gus Edson and Irwin Hasen.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=3690.0,3720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1094/annotation/389","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGardner Francis Cooper Fox (1911-1986) was an author and comic book writer, best known for creating numerous comic book characters for DC Comics, including Flash and Barbara Gordon. In addition to creating characters, Fox is credited with being the first to team up DC superheroes, creating the Justice League. He introduced the concept of the Multiverse to DC comics with the story Flash of Two Worlds! a concept that is well utilized in the comic book world.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=3750.0,3780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1094/annotation/390","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJerry Robinson (born Sherrill David Robinson) (1922-2011) was a comic book artist best known for his work on DC Comics’ Batman. Robinson was born in New Jersey, his father was Jewish and immigrated from Russia to America. Robinson co-created Robin and the Joker, two well-known characters in the Batman universe. He was also known for his advocation for creators’ rights, rallying behind Jerry Siegel and Joe Shuster when they sought to win back the rights to their creations from Warner Communications in 1975.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=3780.0,3810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1094/annotation/391","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHarvey Comics was a comic book publisher founded by brothers Alfred Harvey, Robert B. Harvey, and Leon Harvey in 1941. Harvey Comics is best known as the publisher of well-known characters, including Casper the Friendly Ghost and Richie Rich.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=3900.0,3930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1094/annotation/392","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Six-Day War was fought between June 5 and 10, 1967 by Israel and the neighboring states of Egypt (known at the time as the United Arab Republic), Jordan, and Syria. Relations between Israel and its neighbors had never fully normalized following the 1948 War of Independence and in the period leading up to June 1967 tensions became heightened. As a result, Israel launched a series of preemptive airstrikes against Egyptian airfields on June 5 following the mobilization of Egyptian forces along the Israeli border in the Sinai Peninsula. The outcome was swift and decisive. Israel took control of the Gaza Strip and the Sinai Peninsula from Egypt, the West Bank and East Jerusalem from Jordan, and the Golan Heights from Syria. The Sinai was returned but the other territories were incorporated into Israel.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=3900.0,3930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1094/annotation/393","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGamal Abdel Nasser Hussein (1918-1970) was an Egyptian military officer and politician who served as the president of Egypt from 1954 to 1970. Nasser led the Egyptian Revolution of 1952, and later gained popularity after nationalizing the Suez Canal Company and Egypt’s victory in the Second Arab–Israeli war. Following defeat by Israel in the Six-Day War, Nasser resigned in 1967. He returned to office shortly after, and in 1968 appointed himself prime minister and launched the War of Attrition. Nasser died in 1970, and his political career was marked by criticism of his authoritarian leadership and frequent conflict within the Arab states.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=3930.0,3960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1094/annotation/394","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFunny Thing Happened to Me on the Way to Tel Aviv is a satirical graphic novel that spoofs the Six-Day War and its political implications. It was created by Joe Simon and published in 1967. The novel features photos from the conflict, adding captions, commentary, and cartoons.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=3930.0,3960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1094/annotation/395","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMoshe Dayan (1915-1981) was an Israeli military leader and politician. He was the second child born on the first kibbutz.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=3960.0,3990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1094/annotation/396","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJane Leavey was the founding director of the Breman Jewish Heritage and Holocaust Museum in Atlanta, Georgia. She retired as Executive Director in 2011.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=4050.0,4080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1094/annotation/397","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHal Foster (born Harold Rudolf Foster) (1892-1982) was a comic strip artist and writer, best known as the creator of the comic strip Prince Valiant. His work was characterized by attention to detail and skill. He was born in Canada and moved to America in 1921, beginning his illustration career in Chicago, Illinois.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=4320.0,4350.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1093","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Annotations [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1093/annotation/398","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRochester is a city in Western New York, in Monroe County. It is the fourth most populous city in the state. The city was a manufacturing center, located in a river valley which gave rise to the flour mill industry and textiles industry. Many well-known American companies have come from Rochester including Kodak and Xerox. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1093/annotation/399","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePossibly refers to Highland Hospital, Rochester, New York. Highland Hospital was established in 1889 as the Hahnemann Hospital, in 1891 it was renamed Hargous Memorial Hahnemann Hospital before the name was changed back to the Hahnemann Hospital in 1902.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1093/annotation/400","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLeeds is a city in West Yorkshire, northern England. The city has roots in manufacturing, a major production center of carbonated water, wool, flax, and iron. Many of its Victorian-era arcades and markets still exist today. It was awarded city status in 1893, and a populous city center that absorbed surrounding villages developed. The nearest major city to Leeds is York, and it is located about halfway between London and Edinburgh.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1093/annotation/401","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Yiddish term for town, ‘shtetl’ commonly refers to small towns or villages in pre–World War II Eastern and Central Europe with a significant Jewish presence that were primarily Yiddish speaking.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1093/annotation/402","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIrving Simon (born Israel Simon) (approx. 1896-1969) was the uncle of comic book writer and artist Joe Simon, his father’s younger brother. He was born in Leeds, England to a Jewish family before immigrating to America with his family. He worked as a furrier in New York.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=120.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1093/annotation/403","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIsaac Simon (approx. 1881-1969) was the uncle of comic book writer and artist Joe Simon, his father’s older brother. He was born to a Jewish family, and grew up in Leeds, England before immigrating to America with his family. He worked as a tailor in New York.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=120.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1093/annotation/404","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWorld War I, also called First World War or Great War, was an international conflict that in 1914–18 embroiled most of the nations of Europe along with Russia, the United States, the Middle East, and other regions. The war pitted the Central Powers—mainly Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Turkey—against the Allies—mainly France, Great Britain, Russia, Italy, Japan, and, from 1917, the United States. It ended with the defeat of the Central Powers.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=150.0,180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1093/annotation/405","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe term “Third World” arose during the Cold War to refer to countries that were not a part of NATO or the Warsaw Pact. There is no consensus on the definition of the term, as it arose as a political term rather than an economic grouping. It was frequently used to colloquially refer to countries of lower economic status or newly industrialized countries. It has more recently increasingly fallen out of favor and been replaced with terms such as “developing countries”, “least developed countries” or “the Global South”.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=150.0,180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1093/annotation/406","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Hickey-Freeman Co. is a manufacturer of suits for men, based in Rochester, New York. It was founded in 1899, a major player in the booming clothing industry in the early twentieth century. Today, the company still operates in its facility in Rochester which opened in 1912. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=210.0,240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1093/annotation/407","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA Communist is a person who subscribes to the political ideology of Communism, a political theory derived from Karl Marx. It advocates for replacing private property and a profit based society with public ownership and communal control of most major means of production and natural resources. It’s an ideology that falls on the far left of the political spectrum.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=210.0,240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1093/annotation/408","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLeft-wing refers to a range of political ideologies that align with values such as social equality and often oppose social hierarchies. Left-wing politics most often subscribe to the idea that there are unjustified inequalities, such as imbalances in wealth and power in society, that must be reduced or eliminated entirely.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=240.0,270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1093/annotation/409","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHebrew school can be either the Jewish equivalent of Sunday school (an educational regimen separate from secular education, focusing on topics of Jewish history and learning the Hebrew language), or a primary, secondary, or college level educational institution where some or all of the classes are taught in Hebrew.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=300.0,330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1093/annotation/410","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA bar mitzvah [Hebrew: son of commandments; plural: b’nai mitzvah] is a rite of passage for Jewish boys aged 13 years and one day. At that time, a Jewish boy is considered a responsible adult for most religious purposes. He is now duty-bound to keep the commandments, he puts on tefillin, and may be counted to the minyan quorum for public worship. He celebrates the bar mitzvah by being called up to the reading of the Torah in the synagogue, usually on the next available Sabbath after his Hebrew birthday.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=300.0,330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1093/annotation/411","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eKosher or Kashrut is a set of dietary laws dealing with the foods that Jews are permitted to eat and how those foods must be prepared according to Jewish law. Food that may be consumed is deemed kosher, from the Ashkenazi pronunciation of the Hebrew term kashér, meaning \"fit\" (in this context, \"fit for consumption\"). In colloquial English, kosher often means \"legitimate,\" \"acceptable,\" \"permissible,\" \"genuine,\" or \"authentic.\"\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=330.0,360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1093/annotation/412","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHeineken Lager Beer or Heineken Pilsener is a Dutch pale lager beer created in 1873. It is distributed by the Dutch brewing company Heineken N.V. and is sold in a green bottle with a red star. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=390.0,420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1093/annotation/413","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOrthodox Judaism is a traditional branch of Judaism that strictly follows the written Torah and the oral law concerning prayer, dress, food, sex, family relations, social behavior, the Sabbath day, holidays, and more.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=420.0,450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1093/annotation/414","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSephardic Jews are the Jews of Spain, Portugal, North Africa, and the Middle East, and their descendants. The adjective “Sephardic” and corresponding nouns Sephardi (singular) and Sephardim (plural) are derived from the Hebrew word Sepharad, which refers to Spain. Historically, the vernacular language of Sephardic Jews was Ladino, a Romance language derived from Old Spanish, incorporating elements from the old Romance languages of the Iberian Peninsula, Hebrew, Aramaic, and in the lands receiving those who were exiled, Ottoman Turkish, Arabic, Greek, Bulgarian, and Serbo-Croatian vocabulary.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=420.0,450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1093/annotation/415","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe High Holy Days are the two holiest times of the Jewish calendar: Rosh HaShanah (Jewish New Year) and Yom Kippur (Day of Atonement).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=450.0,480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1093/annotation/416","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRefers to playing a dice game in which players bet on the outcome of rolling a pair of dice. Craps can be played in informal settings with money wagers against one another, or in a casino with money wagers against a bank. Craps requires little equipment, giving it popularity in informal settings, also known as “street craps”. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=450.0,480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1093/annotation/417","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe World Series is an annual championship series of Major League Baseball in America and Canada. It began in 1903 as a championship between teams of the American League and the National League. The winner is determined through a best-of-seven playoff. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=450.0,480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1093/annotation/418","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eYom Kippur [Hebrew: “day of atonement”] The most sacred day of the Jewish year. Yom Kippur is a 25-hour fast day. Most of the day is spent in prayer, reciting yizkor for deceased relatives, confessing sins, requesting divine forgiveness, and listening to Torah readings and sermons. People greet each other with the wish that they may be sealed in the heavenly book for a good year ahead. The day ends with the blowing of the shofar (a ram’s horn).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=480.0,510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1093/annotation/419","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRosh HaShanah [Hebrew: head of the year] begins the cycle of High Holy Days. It introduces the Ten Days of Penitence, when Jews examine their souls and take stock of their actions. On the tenth day is Yom Kippur, the Day of Atonement. The tradition is that on Rosh HaShanah, G-d sits in judgment on humanity. Then the fate of every living creature is inscribed in the Book of Life or the Book of Death. Prayer and repentance before the sealing of the books on Yom Kippur may revoke these decisions.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=480.0,510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1093/annotation/420","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThomas Edwin Mix (born Thomas Hezikiah Mix) (1880-1940) was an actor and star of many early Western films from 1909 to 1935. He appeared in nearly 300 films, becoming Hollywood’s first Western star, and helped define the genre as it emerged in early cinema. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=600.0,630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1093/annotation/421","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Rochester Evening Journal was a newspaper first published in 1922 by Heart Communications, the Sunday edition was known as the Rochester American. The paper ceased publication in 1937 following Hearst’s financial troubles, it was sold to the owners of its rival papers.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=810.0,840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1093/annotation/422","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHearst Communications, Inc., is an American mass media company founded in 1887 by mining entrepreneur and U.S. senator, George Hearst when he purchased the San Francisco Daily Examiner. In the 1920’s and 1930’s the company was successful internationally, with many publications in major cities and radio stations to complement newspapers.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=810.0,840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1093/annotation/423","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWilliam Randolph Hearst Sr. (1863-1951) was a newspaper publisher and politician best known as the founder of the newspaper chain and media company Hearst Communications. Hearst entered the publishing field in 1887 and by the late 1930’s Hearst was deeply in debt and was forced to liquidate most of his assets, although managing to keep his newspapers. Hearst was a supporter of the Nazi Party and published favorable coverage of Nazi Germany, often using his business to bolster his own political opinions.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=810.0,840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1093/annotation/424","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSyracuse is a city in Central New York, in Onondaga County. It is the fifth most populous city in the state. Historically, the city’s location allowed it to serve as a major crossroad for the Erie Canal, and later the railway network. Today, it has the largest airport in the Central New York region and is home to multiple universities. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=870.0,900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1093/annotation/425","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Syracuse Herald-Journal was a newspaper first published in 1839 under the name the Western State Journal. In 1925, Heart Communications merged the newspapers the Syracuse Herald and the Syracuse Journal to form the Syracuse Herald-Journal. The paper ceased publication in 2001.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=870.0,900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1093/annotation/426","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSee annotation for The Syracuse Herald-Journal. The Syracuse Journal was one of two newspapers that merged in 1925 to form the Syracuse Herald-Journal.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=900.0,930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1093/annotation/427","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDC Comics, Inc. is a comic book publisher, the flagship unit of DC Entertainment, and a subsidiary of Warner Bros. Discovery. DC Comics was the result of the merge of multiple publishing companies founded by Harry Donenfeld, Paul Sampliner, and Jack Liebowitz. The first comic published under DC Comics was in 1937, with comics being published earlier by the company’s predecessors. DC Comics has created many well-known superheroes, including Superman, Batman, Wonder Woman, and Flash, and teams such as the Justice League and Teen Titans. DC Comics is a long-time competitor of Marvel Comics.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=1080.0,1110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1093/annotation/428","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHarry Donenfeld (1893-1965) was a publisher most well-known for distributing Detective Comics and Action Comics, comics that introduced the superheroes Superman and Batman. Donenfeld’s company National Allied Publications would later become DC Comics, making him an early contributor and pioneer of the comic book industry. He was born in Romania to a Jewish family, immigrating to America with his family as a child.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=1080.0,1110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1093/annotation/429","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJacob Liebowitz (born Yacov Lebovitz) (1900-2000) was an accountant and publisher best known as the business partner Harry Donenfeld, co-owning National Allied Publications, later known as DC Comics. Liebowitz and Donenfeld distributed comics through their company Independent News Company, shortly after they launched Detective Comics. Liebowitz is credited with establishing comic book publishing as a legitimate business endeavor. He was born in present-day Ukraine to a Jewish family, immigrating to New York City as a child.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=1080.0,1110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1093/annotation/430","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJerome Siegel (1914-1996) was a comic book writer best known for co-creating DC Comics’ superhero character Superman with friend Joe Shuster. Siegel contributed to many characters and comics for both DC Comics and Marvel Comics. Shuster and Siegel were involved in multiple legal disputes regarding the ownership of Superman. He was born in Cleveland, Ohio to a Jewish family.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=1080.0,1110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1093/annotation/431","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDell Comics was a comic book publisher, which had its beginnings in publishing pulp magazines. Dell Comics published comics from 1929 to 1974. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=1110.0,1140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1093/annotation/432","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCaptain Marvel was the name of a series of comic books published from 1940 to 1953 by Fawcett Comics. In 1951, a copyright infringement suit from DC Comics led Fawcett Comics to cease publication in 1953. In 1967, Marvel Comics debuted its character Captain Marvel and trademarked the name. Marvel Comics’ version of the character has become most well-known, especially since the character’s introduction into the Marvel Cinematic Universe. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=1140.0,1170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1093/annotation/433","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFrederick Whitney Ellsworth (1908-1980) was a writer and editor for National Allied Publications and National Periodical Publications, predecessors to DC Comics. He was also a producer and story editor for DC Comics’ Superman television series. He was an integral contributor to DC Comics during the Golden Age and Silver Age of comics.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=1170.0,1200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1093/annotation/434","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGoy (plural: goyim) is a Yiddish term meaning “people” or “nation.” In common usage, it designates a non-Jewish or Gentile person. The word \"goyishe\" would be used as an adjective to describe something non-Jewish. The word is sometimes used in a pejorative sense, but can also be neutral.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=1200.0,1230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1093/annotation/435","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSamuel Victor Fox (1893-1957) was the founder of The Golden Age comic book publisher, Fox Publications. In 1929 a Victor S. Fox was arrested with serval others in connection to illegal stock trading, it is unclear if this was the same Fox as the comic book publisher. Fox was born in Nottinghamshire, England before moving with his family to America in 1898. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=1230.0,1260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1093/annotation/436","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eNational Comics Publications, Inc. was a comic book publishing company and the direct predecessor of DC Comics. Originally two companies, National Allied Publications, Inc. and Detective Comics, Inc., the companies merged in 1946 and officially adopted the more widely known name, DC Comics, in 1977.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=1260.0,1290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1093/annotation/437","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWall Street is an eight-block-long street in the Financial District of Lower Manhattan in New York City. The term ‘Wall Street’ has come to colloquially refer to the financial markets of the United States as a whole. \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWilliam Erwin Eisner (1917-2005) was a cartoonist, author, and entrepreneur. He was born in Brooklyn, New York to Jewish immigrant parents. He is credited with popularizing the phrase ‘graphic novel’ with his book A Contract with God. He was an early contributor to comics studies, having the Eisner Award named in his honor and awarded annually at San Diego Comic-Con.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=1290.0,1320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1093/annotation/438","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJerry Iger (born Samuel Maxwell Iger) (1903-1990) was a cartoonist, artist, and entrepreneur. He was born in New York City to Austrian-Jewish parents. He is best known for co-founding Eisner \u0026amp; Iger, a Golden Age comic book producer with business partner Will Eisner.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=1350.0,1380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1093/annotation/439","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFox Feature Syndicate was a comic book publisher in the early period of comics known as the Golden Age. It was founded by Victor Fox, producing titles and characters such as Blue Beetle, Fantastic Comics, and Mystery Men Comics. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=1380.0,1410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1093/annotation/440","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTimely Comics was an early comic book publisher and predecessor of Marvel Comics. It was founded in 1939 by Martin Goodman in the Golden Age of comic books. Timely was the name of a group of corporations owned by Goodman, in the 1960’s it became the well-known comic book and entertainment giant, Marvel Comics.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=1410.0,1440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1093/annotation/441","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBlue Bolt is a superhero character appearing in comics published by Novelty Press. Blue Bolt was created by Joe Simon and debuted in the comic book Blue Bolt Comics #1 in 1940. Blue Bolt is the alias for Fred Parrish, who gains his superhero powers after being struck by lightning.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=1470.0,1500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1093/annotation/442","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFunnies, Inc. was a comic book packager from the late 1930’s to 1940’s, also known as the Golden Age of comic books. It was founded by Lloyd Jacquet and would eventually become one of the various publishers and distributors that formed Marvel Comics.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=1470.0,1500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1093/annotation/443","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Saturday Evening Post is a magazine founded in 1821. From the 1920’s to the 1960’s, it was one the most circulated magazines that reached approximately two million homes weekly. In 1982, the magazine was purchased by the Saturday Evening Post Society and has been published six times a year since. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=1470.0,1500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1093/annotation/444","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCaptain America is a superhero character appearing in comics published by Marvel Comics. Captain America was created by Joe Simon and Jack Kirby. The character debuted in the comic book Captain America Comics #1 in 1940. Captain American is the alias of Steve Rogers, a chronically ill, Brooklyn native enhanced with superhuman strength and physique by an experimental “super-solider serum” after joining the United States Army, to aid in the country’s efforts in World War II. Captain America and his partner Bucky Barnes frequently clash with Axis leaders and characters drawn upon the Axis powers. Towards the very end of the war, an accident leaves Captain America in a suspended frozen state until he wakes in the modern era. Reassuming the mantle of Captain America, he becomes the leader of the superhero team the Avengers as he struggles to adjust to the new era. His arc in the Marvel Cinematic Universe focuses on his journey as a hero from the 1940’s to the 2020’s.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=1500.0,1530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1093/annotation/445","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSilver Streak is a superhero character appearing in comics published by Lev Gleason Publications. Silver Streak was created by Joe Simon and debuted in the comic book Blue Bolt Comics #1 in 1940. He is considered the second comic book superhero to be introduced with the power of super-speed, introduced just shortly after DC Comics’ The Flash.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=1560.0,1590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1093/annotation/446","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTreasury Man or T-Man Turner was the lead comic hero character appearing in comics published by Novelty Press. T-Man Turner was part of a group of Treasury Agents working for the US Government. He had no secret identity or superhuman powers. The character debuted in the comic book Target Comics #1 in 1940.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=1560.0,1590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1093/annotation/447","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJack Kirby (born Jacob Kurtzberg) (1917-1994) was a comic book artist, writer, and editor, regarded as one of the most innovative and prolific creators in the comic book industry. Upon entering the comic book field in the 1930’s, Kirby used various pen names before settling on Jack Kirby. He was a longtime partner and collaborator with Joe Simon, in 1940 they created the well-known superhero character Captain America. In the 1940’s Kirby frequently collaborated with Simon and created various characters for the predecessor of DC Comics. He was born on the Lower East Side of Manhattan, New York City to Austrian-Jewish parents. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=1590.0,1620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1093/annotation/448","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCharles Nicholas is the pen name of three different comic book writers and artists, including Charles Nicholas Wojtkoski (1921-1985). Wojtkoski was a comic book artist and writer credited with creating the Fox Comics’ character Blue Beetle in 1939. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=1620.0,1650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1093/annotation/449","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Lower East Side is a neighborhood in the southeastern part of Manhattan in New York City. It was historically an immigrant, working class neighborhood. It had a large number of tenement buildings where the immigrants settled. By the 1920s, the Jewish population was one of the largest ethnic groups on the Lower East Side.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=1650.0,1680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1093/annotation/450","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMartin Goodman (born Moe Goodman) (1908-1992) was a publisher of pulp magazines, books, and comic books. In 1939, Goodman founded Timely Comics, later known as Marvel Comics, contributing to the creation of well-known superheroes such as Captain America. Goodman was born in Brooklyn, New York to Jewish immigrant parents.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=1680.0,1710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1093/annotation/451","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe term “ghetto” originated in sixteenth-century Venice from the Jewish quarter, where authorities compelled the city’s Jews to live. The term’s usage spread across Europe and referred to areas within cities where members of minorities (typically Jews) lived and were often restricted to by the authorities as a way to separate them from the majority Christian population. During World War II, Nazi Germany established ghettos in segregated city districts to further isolate and imprison regional Jewish populations. Starting in 1939, the Germans established at least 1,000 ghettos in German-occupied and annexed Poland and the Soviet Union alone. Jews living in ghettos experienced miserable conditions and overcrowding.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=1680.0,1710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1093/annotation/452","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA letterer is a member of a team of comic book creators. Letterers are responsible for drawing the comic book’s text to contribute to the impact and effect of the text in the comic.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=1800.0,1830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1093/annotation/453","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eKable News Company was a distributor to comic book publication company Timely Comics and Timely Comics’ owner Martin Goodman. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=1950.0,1980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1093/annotation/454","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCapitalism is an economic system based on the private ownership of the means of production and their operation for profit. Capitalism is characterized by competitive markets, private property, and wage labor. It is sometimes understood as the individualistic, opposing theory to Communism.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=2070.0,2100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1093/annotation/455","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWorld War II (abbreviated WWII or WW2) was a global war involving fighting in most of the world and most countries. Most countries fought in the years 1939–1945 but some started fighting in 1937. Most of the world's countries, including all the great powers, fought as part of two military alliances: the Allies and the Axis Powers. World War II was the largest and deadliest conflict in all of history. It involved more countries, cost more money, involved more people, and killed more people than any other war in history. Between 50 to 85 million people died. The majority were civilians. It included massacres, the deliberate genocide of the Holocaust, strategic bombing, starvation, disease, and the only use of nuclear weapons against civilians in history.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=2160.0,2190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1093/annotation/456","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAdolf Hitler (1889-1945) was a German politician who was the leader of the Nazi Party, Chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945, and Führer (“leader”) of Nazi Germany from 1934 to 1945. As dictator of Nazi Germany, he initiated World War II in Europe with the invasion of Poland in September 1939 and was a central figure of the Holocaust.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=2220.0,2250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1093/annotation/457","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBenito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini (1883-1945) was an Italian politician, journalist, and leader of the National Fascist Party. He ruled Italy as Prime Minister from 1922 until he was ousted in 1943. He ruled constitutionally until 1925, when he dropped all pretense of democracy and set up a legal dictatorship. He was known as “Il Duce” (“The Leader”). Mussolini was captured and executed near Lake Como by Italian partisans on April 27, 1945.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=2220.0,2250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1093/annotation/458","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFrancisco Franco was born in El Ferrol, Spain in 1892. He joined the Spanish military 1907 at 14 years old and by 1939 had become dictator of Spain after leading an uprising against the presiding administration after the Spanish Civil War. During World War II, Franco sided with the Axis alliance although Spain did not directly commit their military to the war effort.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=2250.0,2280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1093/annotation/459","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHideki Tojo (born Tōjō Hideki) (1884-1948) was a Japanese politician, military leader, and convicted war criminal. Tojo served as the prime minister of Japan and president of the Imperial Rule Assistance Association from 1941 to 1944 during World War II. He was a central figure in Japan’s war crimes during World War II, including extreme state-sanctioned violence justified by Japanese ultranationalism. He was removed from power in 1944 and attempted suicide in 1945, before being executed for war crimes in 1948.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=2250.0,2280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1093/annotation/460","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBoy Commandos was a comic book series first published in 1942 by DC Comics that follows the exploits of a fictional “kid gang” of different nationalities fighting Nazis, referred to in the series as “the Ratzies”. The series was created, and initially written and drawn by Joe Simon and Jack Kirby. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=2340.0,2370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1093/annotation/461","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBrooklyn is a borough of New York City. It is named after the Dutch town of Breukelen. It is located on the westernmost edge of Long Island and shares a border with Queens.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=2370.0,2400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1093/annotation/462","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA Tommy gun is a nickname for the Thompson submachine gun, it is a blowback-operated, selective-fire submachine gun. It was invented in 1918 and intended for use in trench warfare in World War I. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=2370.0,2400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1093/annotation/463","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSee annotation for Boy Commandos. Andre Chavard is a character appearing in comics published by DC Comics. He is a French member of the Boy Commandos, an elite commando squad of orphaned children fighting on all fronts of World War II. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=2370.0,2400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1093/annotation/464","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA seabag is a canvas bag used especially by sailors or military service members for clothes and other belongings.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=2430.0,2460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1093/annotation/465","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Commendation Medal is a mid-level United States military decoration awarded for acts of heroism or meritorious service.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=2520.0,2550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1093/annotation/466","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eYoung Romance is a comic book series first published in 1947 by Prize Comics. The series was created by Joe Simon and Jack Kirby, generally considered the first romance comic, it became very successful, leading to a boom in romantic comic books. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=2580.0,2610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1093/annotation/467","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Golden Age is the era of comic book publications that is considered to have begun with the first publications of Superman in 1938 and Captain America shortly after in 1941. The era is considered to have ended around 1956, following moral panic regarding the content of comic books. This moral panic led to the creation of the Comics Code Authority [CCA], which controlled and often censored content that dealt with themes of racial and religious prejudice, violence, and horror.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=2730.0,2760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1093/annotation/468","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMark Twain was the pen name of Samuel Langhorne Clemens (1835-1910), an American author and humorist. He wrote The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and its sequel, Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, which is often called \"The Great American Novel\". Twain’s last completed novel, The Personal Recollections of Joan of Arc by the Sieur Louis de Conte, recounts the life of Joan of Arc and was published in 1896.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=2760.0,2790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1093/annotation/469","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSee annotation for Mark Twain. Huck Finn refers to Adventures of Huckleberry Finn a novel by Mark Twain, published in 1884. It is considered one of the “Great American Novels”.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=2820.0,2850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1093/annotation/470","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGeorge Tuska (1916-2009) was a comic book and comic strip artist. He was born in Hartford, Connecticut to Russian immigrant parents. He is best known for his work illustrating Fawcett Comics’ Captain Marvel, Marvel Comics’ Iron Man, and other work for DC Comics. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=2880.0,2910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1093/annotation/471","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBill Draut (1921-1993) was a comic book artist, best known for his work at Harvey Comics and DC Comics from the 1940’s to the 1970’s. Draut worked with Joe Simon and Jack Kirby on Young Romance, a romantic comic series first published in 1947. He is credited as a penciler and inker on numerous Young Romance comics. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=2880.0,2910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1093/annotation/472","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJack Davis (born John Burton Davis Jr.) (1924-2016) was a cartoonist and illustrator, best known as one of the founding cartoonists of Mad Magazine in 1952. Davis illustrated various art including film posters, album artwork, and comic books. Davis was born in Atlanta, Georgia. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=2910.0,2940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1093/annotation/473","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBob Powell (born Stanley Robert Pawlowski) (1916-1967) was a comic book artist, known for his work during the Golden Age of comic books. Powell was also the penciler for the art on bubble gum trading card series Mars Attacks. He was born in Buffalo, New York, and studied art at Pratt Institute in New York City.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=2910.0,2940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1093/annotation/474","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e[1] Marvel Comics is a comic book publisher, the property of The Walt Disney Company since 2009. Marvel was founded by Martin Goodman as Timely Comics in 1939, by 1951 being known as Atlas Comics, and finally Marvel Comics in 1961. Marvel Comics has created many well-known superheroes, including Spider-Man, Iron Man, Captain America, and teams such as the Avengers and Fantastic Four. Today the Marvel Franchise has an extensive cinematic universe featuring its superheroes, and owns the licensing to other popular franchises, including Star Wars comics. Marvel Comics is a long-time competitor of DC Comics.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=2940.0,2970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1093/annotation/475","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Great Depression was a severe worldwide economic depression in the decade preceding World War II. The time of the Great Depression varied across nations, but in most countries it started in about 1929, when the American stock market crashed, and lasted until the late 1930s or early 1940s. It was the longest, most widespread, and deepest depression of the twentieth century. The Great Depression is often seen as the major turning point in 20th-century world history. In Europe, World War I had a long-term impact on the economy and financial stability. Postwar inflation spiraled into hyperinflation by the 1920’s and European banks struggled to stay open. Exasperating the situation were skyrocketing unemployment rates. The Great Depression had immediately visible political and social ramifications in Europe, including increased antisemitism and nationalism.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=3060.0,3090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1093/annotation/476","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCentral Park South, also known as 59th Street, is a crosstown street in the New York City borough of Manhattan. 59th Street forms the southern border of Central Park.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=3300.0,3330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1093/annotation/477","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe JW Marriott Essex House is a luxury hotel on Central Park South in Midtown Manhattan, New York City. The hotel opened in 1931, it contains 426 Art Deco style rooms and 101 suites, in addition to 147 condominium residences.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=3300.0,3330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1093/annotation/478","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBatman is a superhero character appearing in comics published by DC Comics. Batman was created by writer Bill Finger and designed by artist Bob Kane. The character debuted in the comic book Detective Comics #27 in 1939. Batman is the vigilante alias of Bruce Wayne, a wealthy playboy, philanthropist, and industrialist living in Gotham City. Considered to be a darker departure from the tone of Superman, Batman’s origin centers around him witnessing the murder of his parents as a child, prompting him to seek vengeance against the criminals of Gotham City. Today, along with Superman, Batman is one of the most well-known superheroes, having been adapted in many other forms of media, including novels, video games, film, and television.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=3300.0,3330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1093/annotation/479","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRobert Kane (born Robert Kahn) (1915-1998) was a comic book writer, animator, and artist best known for co-creating DC Comics’ Batman with Bill Finger. For many years Kane was credited as the sole creator of Batman until advocates for Bill Finger helped him posthumously earn co-creator status. Kane also helped contribute to the creation of many early Batman characters such as Robin, the Joker, and Catwoman. Kane was born in New York City to a Jewish family.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=3300.0,3330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1093/annotation/480","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBill Finger (born Milton Finger) (1914-1974) was a comic book, film, and television writer. He is best known for co-creating DC Comics’ superhero Batman with Bob Kane. Despite his contributions to many well-known characters and comics, he was not officially credited as Batman’s co-creator until 2015, previously relegated to ghostwriter. Finger was born in Denver, Colorado to a Jewish family, after his death in 1974 his granddaughter fought to restore his legacy and attribute credit for his contributions to comics.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=3360.0,3390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1093/annotation/481","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJoseph Shuster (1914-1992) was a comic book artist best known for co-creating DC Comics’ superhero character Superman with friend Jerry Siegel. Shuster and Siegel were involved in multiple legal disputes regarding the ownership of Superman and his comics career after Superman was relatively unsuccessful. He was awarded multiple awards for contributions to the comic book industry. Shuster was born in Toronto, Canada to a Jewish family.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=3390.0,3420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1093/annotation/482","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAlexander A. Schomburg (born Alejandro Schomburg y Rosa) (1905-1998) was a comic book artist and painter best known for his cover art for Marvel comics and a long career in comics.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=3420.0,3450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1093/annotation/483","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSydney Shores (1916-1973) was a comic book artist best known for his work on Marvel Comics’ Captain America in both the Golden Age and Silver Age of comics.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=3450.0,3480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1093/annotation/484","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMorton Meskin (1916-1995) was a comic book artist known for his work in the Golden Age and Silver Age of comic books. Meskin created work for National Periodical Publications (a predecessor to DC Comics) and Marvel Comics. He was born in Brooklyn, New York to a Jewish family.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=3450.0,3480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1093/annotation/485","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMartin Nodell (1915-2006) was a comic book artist and illustrator, best known for creating the DC Comics superhero character Green Lantern during the Golden Age of comics. Nodell was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to a Jewish family. He also notably worked on commercial storyboards in the 1950’s and 1960’s, contributing to the creation of the Pillsbury Doughboy.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=3510.0,3540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1093/annotation/486","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSuperman is a superhero character appearing in comics published by DC Comics. Superman was created by writer Jerry Siegel and designed by artist Joe Shuster, both Jewish. The character debuted in the comic book Action Comics #1 in 1938. Superman was born Kal-El on the planet Krypton, facing impending destruction of their home planet, Kal-El’s parents send the infant to Earth in a rocket. After landing in Smallville, Kansas, the infant is adopted by Jonathan and Martha Kent, and given the name Clark Kent. In the comics, Clark often expresses concern about fitting in and feeling like an outsider given his heritage, suggesting similarities between the experiences of Clark Kent and his Jewish creators. Today, Superman is one of the most well-known superheroes, having been adapted in many other forms of media, including radio serials, novels, film, and television.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=3540.0,3570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1093/annotation/487","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSee annotation for Superman.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=3540.0,3570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1093/annotation/488","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJames Buchanan “Bucky” Barnes is a character appearing in comics published by Timely Comics (Marvel Comics’ predecessor) and Marvel Comics. Bucky Barnes was created by Joe Simon and Jack Kirby. Bucky debuted in the comic book Captain America Comics #1 in 1941 as a sidekick to Captain America. In 2005, the character was reintroduced as a Soviet prisoner of war and brainwashed assassin cyborg, the Winter Soldier, in comics by writer Ed Brubaker. In a redemption arc, Bucky becomes Captain America’s partner once again. This reintroduction became the basis of his character in the Marvel Cinematic Universe. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=3630.0,3660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1093/annotation/489","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBlack Buck was a racial slur in post-Reconstruction America used to refer to African American men. It was a caricature used to particularly describe black men who refused to obey white authority and were seen as violent.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=3660.0,3690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1093/annotation/490","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDondi was a daily comic strip published from 1955 to 1986 by the Chicago Tribune New York News Syndicate. It was named after its main protagonist, a large-eyed war orphan. The series was created by Gus Edson and Irwin Hasen.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=3690.0,3720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1093/annotation/491","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCarmine Infantino (1925-2013) was a comic book artist and editor, best known for his work at DC Comics during the Silver Age of comic books. Infantino is credited with creating well-known DC Comics characters including Black Canary, the Silver Age version of Flash, and Barbara Gordon, Batgirl. Infantino was born in Brooklyn, New York City to an American father and Italian mother.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=3690.0,3720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1093/annotation/492","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIrwin Hasen (1918-2015) was a comic book artist and cartoonist best known as the co-creator of the daily comic strip Dondi and for his run illustrating Green Lantern for DC Comics in the 1940’s. He was born in Brooklyn, New York to a Jewish family.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=3690.0,3720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1093/annotation/493","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGardner Francis Cooper Fox (1911-1986) was an author and comic book writer, best known for creating numerous comic book characters for DC Comics, including Flash and Barbara Gordon. In addition to creating characters, Fox is credited with being the first to team up DC superheroes, creating the Justice League. He introduced the concept of the Multiverse to DC comics with the story Flash of Two Worlds! a concept that is well utilized in the comic book world.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=3750.0,3780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1093/annotation/494","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJerry Robinson (born Sherrill David Robinson) (1922-2011) was a comic book artist best known for his work on DC Comics’ Batman. Robinson was born in New Jersey, his father was Jewish and immigrated from Russia to America. Robinson co-created Robin and the Joker, two well-known characters in the Batman universe. He was also known for his advocation for creators’ rights, rallying behind Jerry Siegel and Joe Shuster when they sought to win back the rights to their creations from Warner Communications in 1975.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=3780.0,3810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1093/annotation/495","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHarvey Comics was a comic book publisher founded by brothers Alfred Harvey, Robert B. Harvey, and Leon Harvey in 1941. Harvey Comics is best known as the publisher of well-known characters, including Casper the Friendly Ghost and Richie Rich.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=3900.0,3930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1093/annotation/496","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Six-Day War was fought between June 5 and 10, 1967 by Israel and the neighboring states of Egypt (known at the time as the United Arab Republic), Jordan, and Syria. Relations between Israel and its neighbors had never fully normalized following the 1948 War of Independence and in the period leading up to June 1967 tensions became heightened. As a result, Israel launched a series of preemptive airstrikes against Egyptian airfields on June 5 following the mobilization of Egyptian forces along the Israeli border in the Sinai Peninsula. The outcome was swift and decisive. Israel took control of the Gaza Strip and the Sinai Peninsula from Egypt, the West Bank and East Jerusalem from Jordan, and the Golan Heights from Syria. The Sinai was returned but the other territories were incorporated into Israel.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=3900.0,3930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1093/annotation/497","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGamal Abdel Nasser Hussein (1918-1970) was an Egyptian military officer and politician who served as the president of Egypt from 1954 to 1970. Nasser led the Egyptian Revolution of 1952, and later gained popularity after nationalizing the Suez Canal Company and Egypt’s victory in the Second Arab–Israeli war. Following defeat by Israel in the Six-Day War, Nasser resigned in 1967. He returned to office shortly after, and in 1968 appointed himself prime minister and launched the War of Attrition. Nasser died in 1970, and his political career was marked by criticism of his authoritarian leadership and frequent conflict within the Arab states.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=3930.0,3960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1093/annotation/498","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFunny Thing Happened to Me on the Way to Tel Aviv is a satirical graphic novel that spoofs the Six-Day War and its political implications. It was created by Joe Simon and published in 1967. The novel features photos from the conflict, adding captions, commentary, and cartoons.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=3930.0,3960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1093/annotation/499","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMoshe Dayan (1915-1981) was an Israeli military leader and politician. He was the second child born on the first kibbutz.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=3930.0,3960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1093/annotation/500","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJane Leavey was the founding director of the Breman Jewish Heritage and Holocaust Museum in Atlanta, Georgia. She retired as Executive Director in 2011.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=4050.0,4080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/annotation_set/1093/annotation/501","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHal Foster (born Harold Rudolf Foster) (1892-1982) was a comic strip artist and writer, best known as the creator of the comic strip Prince Valiant. His work was characterized by attention to detail and skill. He was born in Canada and moved to America in 1921, beginning his illustration career in Chicago, Illinois.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=4320.0,4350.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/index/59218","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Joe Simon [Index]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/index/59218/annotation/502","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Provides background on his parents and how they met","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=8.0,180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/index/59218/annotation/503","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I was born in Rochester, New York, at the Memorial Hospital in 1913, that makes me old. My father . . . was a tailor, he came from Leeds, England. My mother was from Russia, somewhere, we never did determine where, some shtetl there. ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=8.0,180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/index/59218/annotation/504","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"basketball","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Leeds, England","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rochester, New York","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Russia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"World War I","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=8.0,180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/index/59218/annotation/505","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Growing up in Rochester, New York","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=180.0,557.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/index/59218/annotation/506","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The neighborhood where I grew up? We just jumped around like little bobcats, we went from one relative to another relative. Rochester was a tailoring center [that] had these national clothing factories, Hickey Freeman, and several others. ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=180.0,557.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/index/59218/annotation/507","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hebrew school","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"kosher","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Orthodox Judaism","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rochester, New York","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rosh HaShanah","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Sephardic Jews","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Synagogue","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The Hickey-Freeman Co.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The World Series","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yom Kippur","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=180.0,557.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/index/59218/annotation/508","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Shares about early interest in illustration","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=557.0,805.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/index/59218/annotation/509","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Right from the first day. I don't know if you would call it talent, I would call it a great desire to do drawing. When I was a little boy, I used to make pencil sketches of cowboys and horses and things, and sell them to my classmates for a couple of pennies.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=557.0,805.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/index/59218/annotation/510","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"art classes","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"art contests","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Tom Mix","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=557.0,805.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/index/59218/annotation/511","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Getting involved in the comic book industry","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506#t=805.0,994.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103487/file/203506/index/59218/annotation/512","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I was working . . . When I was 18 years old, just out of high school, I answered an ad in a newspaper in the Rochester Journal-American , they wanted a cartoonist. 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