{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/jm23b5wt5m/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Storch, Dora Gutman"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["1985-05-05 (creation)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["Video"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source"]},"value":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum","Esther and Herbert Taylor Oral History Collection","Children of Holocaust Survivors Project (CHS)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eDora Gutman Storch was interviewed with Marty Storch by Arthur Kurtz in Atlanta, Georgia in 1985.\u003c/p\u003e (general)","\u003cp\u003eDora (Dorothy) Gutman Storch was born in Lodz, Poland on December 7, 1923 to Avraham and Shaindla Gutman. She had two older sisters, Miriam and Ruchel, and one younger brother, Peretz. The family was religious and led a comfortable life. Dora attended a Jewish girls' school. The Germans occupied Lodz on September 8, 1939. In April 1940, the family was forced to move into the ghetto that had been established. Around the same time, the Gestapo arrested and brutally beat Dora’s father. Unable to adjust to their new reality, her mother soon died. Dora’s brother briefly left the ghetto but returned very ill and died in the ghetto hospital. The remaining family managed to remain together until they were deported to Auschwitz-Birkenau in the summer of 1944. Upon arrival, Dora’s father and Ruchel (who refused to be separated from her 6-year-old son) were sent to the gas chambers. Dora and her remaining sister, Miriam, were later briefly sent to Bergen-Belsen and then to the Elsnig labor camp in Torgau, Germany. In Torgau, the sisters worked in an ammunition factory. As the Allies approached, the camp was evacuated. They travelled by train to a series of camps in Germany, which all refused to accept the prisoners. Outside of Frankfurt, the Allies bombed the train and some of the prisoners managed to escape. Dora, Miriam and a few other women hid in the countryside until they were sure the area was liberated. As soon as possible, Dora and Miriam returned to Lodz to search for surviving family. Realizing they had all perished, the sisters joined friends in Orzokow, Poland. In Orzokow, Dora met Marty Storch, another survivor. Marty and Dora hastily married before fleeing to the American-occupied zone in Germany. Marty and Dora settled in Bamberg, Germany and Dora gave birth to a daughter. In 1949, Marty, Dora, and their daughter immigrated to the United States. They settled in New Jersey briefly before coming to Atlanta, Georgia. In Atlanta, Jack and Dora had another daughter and a son. Dora died in 2009.\u003c/p\u003e (bioghist)","\u003cp\u003eDora discusses her family life, the arrival of the Germans in Lodz, and the persecution of the Jews. She describes the loss of her mother and brother and daily life in the ghetto. Dora recounts her deportation to Auschwitz-Birkenau and the separation from her father and one sister. She recalls the persecution of Jews in the Lodz ghetto. She talks about being sent to Bergen-Belsen and the transfer to Elsnig at Torgau. Dora details the slave labor conditions she endured, how she escaped, and her liberation. She briefly recounts returning to Poland, marrying her husband and moving to Germany. Dora shares how she discussed her experiences with her children and why it is important.\u003c/p\u003e (scope content)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source Metadata URI"]},"value":{"en":["https://archivesspace.thebreman.org/repositories/2/archival_objects/28038"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject"]},"value":{"en":["Dora Gutman Storch (personal name)","Marty Storch (personal name)","Avraham Gutman (personal name)","Shaindla Gutman (personal name)","Miriam Gutman (personal name)","Ruchel Gutman Hubel (personal name)","Peretz Gutman (personal name)","Chaim Rumkowski (personal name)","Lodz, Poland (geographic term)","Ozorkow, Poland (geographic term)","Torgau, Germany (geographic term)","Elsnig, Germany (geographic term)","Frankfurt, Germany (geographic term)","Bamberg, Germany (geographic term)","France (geographic term)","Germany (geographic term)","Russia (geographic term)","Israel (geographic term)","Lodz Ghetto (geographic term)","Torgau Labor Camp (geographic term)","Auschwitz-Birkenau Concentration Camp (geographic term)","Bergen-Belsen Concentration Camp (geographic term)","Ghettos (topical term)","Concentration Camps (topical term)","Gestapo (topical term)","Judenrat (topical term)","Jewish Police (topical term)","Anti-Semitism (topical term)","Schutzstaffel - SS (topical term)","Selections (topical term)","Ghetto Liquidation (topical term)","Pesach (Passover) (topical term)","German Soldeirs (topical term)","Resistance (topical term)","Holocaust (topical term)","World War II (topical term)","Suicide (topical term)","Crematoriums (topical term)","Liberation (topical term)"]}}],"summary":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eDora Gutman Storch was interviewed with Marty Storch by Arthur Kurtz in Atlanta, Georgia in 1985.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDora (Dorothy) Gutman Storch was born in Lodz, Poland on December 7, 1923 to Avraham and Shaindla Gutman. She had two older sisters, Miriam and Ruchel, and one younger brother, Peretz. The family was religious and led a comfortable life. Dora attended a Jewish girls' school. The Germans occupied Lodz on September 8, 1939. In April 1940, the family was forced to move into the ghetto that had been established. Around the same time, the Gestapo arrested and brutally beat Dora’s father. Unable to adjust to their new reality, her mother soon died. Dora’s brother briefly left the ghetto but returned very ill and died in the ghetto hospital. The remaining family managed to remain together until they were deported to Auschwitz-Birkenau in the summer of 1944. Upon arrival, Dora’s father and Ruchel (who refused to be separated from her 6-year-old son) were sent to the gas chambers. Dora and her remaining sister, Miriam, were later briefly sent to Bergen-Belsen and then to the Elsnig labor camp in Torgau, Germany. In Torgau, the sisters worked in an ammunition factory. As the Allies approached, the camp was evacuated. They travelled by train to a series of camps in Germany, which all refused to accept the prisoners. Outside of Frankfurt, the Allies bombed the train and some of the prisoners managed to escape. Dora, Miriam and a few other women hid in the countryside until they were sure the area was liberated. As soon as possible, Dora and Miriam returned to Lodz to search for surviving family. Realizing they had all perished, the sisters joined friends in Orzokow, Poland. In Orzokow, Dora met Marty Storch, another survivor. Marty and Dora hastily married before fleeing to the American-occupied zone in Germany. Marty and Dora settled in Bamberg, Germany and Dora gave birth to a daughter. In 1949, Marty, Dora, and their daughter immigrated to the United States. They settled in New Jersey briefly before coming to Atlanta, Georgia. In Atlanta, Jack and Dora had another daughter and a son. Dora died in 2009.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDora discusses her family life, the arrival of the Germans in Lodz, and the persecution of the Jews. She describes the loss of her mother and brother and daily life in the ghetto. Dora recounts her deportation to Auschwitz-Birkenau and the separation from her father and one sister. She recalls the persecution of Jews in the Lodz ghetto. She talks about being sent to Bergen-Belsen and the transfer to Elsnig at Torgau. Dora details the slave labor conditions she endured, how she escaped, and her liberation. She briefly recounts returning to Poland, marrying her husband and moving to Germany. Dora shares how she discussed her experiences with her children and why it is important.\u003c/p\u003e"]},"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/101/142/small/Storch_Dora.mp4_1605194699.jpg?1605176700","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - Storch_Dora.mp4"]},"duration":4661.828,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/101/142/small/Storch_Dora.mp4_1605194699.jpg?1605176700","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-thebreman.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/101/142/original/Storch_Dora.mp4?1605176681","type":"Video","format":"video/mp4","duration":4661.828,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/transcript/20892","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Storch, Dora [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/transcript/20892/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"KURTZ: My name is Arthur Kurtz. We are doing an oral history for the Atlanta\nChildren of Holocaust Survivors on Dora Storch. Would you please state your full\nname please?\n\nSTORCH: Dora Storch.\n\nKURTZ: What is your address?\n\nSTORCH: 2698 Ridge Valley Road.\n\nKURTZ: What is your date of birth?\n\nSTORCH: December 7, 1923.\n\nKURTZ: How old were you at the time of the liberation?\n\nSTORCH: What do you ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/transcript/20892/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"mean liberation?\n\nKURTZ: When the war ended.\n\nSTORCH: At the end? At the end, I went back to my hometown. Then we went to Germany.\n\nKURTZ: How old were you then?\n\nSTORCH: How old I was then . . . the liberation? Twenty-one.\n\nKURTZ: Did you have a profession that you were thinking ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/transcript/20892/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about before the war started?\n\nSTORCH: I never had a profession. I didn't have a chance to get one.\n\nKURTZ: Do you think of one that you would have done if . . .\n\nSTORCH: I don't actually know. I really don't know because maybe we don't think\nabout those things. We just went to school and that's it.\n\nKURTZ: What is your present occupation?\n\nSTORCH: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=60.0,90.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/transcript/20892/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Housewife.\n\nKURTZ: Where were you born?\n\nSTORCH: In Lodz.\n\nKURTZ: Which is in . . .\n\nSTORCH: Poland.\n\nKURTZ: Did you grow up in the city or was it in a rural area?\n\nSTORCH: Yes, I grew up, and went to school, and had nice friends, and a nice\nfamily. We were happy children.\n\nKURTZ: Tell me about your family. Give me the names of the people.\n\nSTORCH: We were ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=90.0,120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/transcript/20892/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"four children. My oldest sister was married at the time, and my\nyounger one was married, and I was the youngest. My brother was not married. My\nyounger sister had a little boy. He was six years old at the time. He was very,\nvery smart--a bright little ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=120.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/transcript/20892/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"child. The way . . . we went over to\nAuschwitz-Birkenau. From the ghetto, we went to Auschwitz-Birkenau. That little\nchild . . . my sister did not want to give him up, so they pulled the child away\nfrom her. She didn't want otherwise she would have gone with us, with my sister\nand myself. We didn't know at the time, the reason for them to pull the child.\nShe was a beautiful, beautiful woman. I had ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=150.0,180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/transcript/20892/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"two gorgeous sisters. I had two\nbeautiful, beautiful sisters. As a matter of fact, no one knows how beautiful\nthey were really. She did not want to be separated from the child. She hold her\narm so to the child. They didn't know what to do with her. They put her on the\nother side with the child. That's it. That's what they took her to the crematorium.\n\nKURTZ: This occurred where?\n\nSTORCH: That was in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=180.0,210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/transcript/20892/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Auschwitz-Birkenau.\n\nKURTZ: In Auschwitz-Birkenau.\n\nSTORCH: Yes. My father was with us also there. Right away, they took him to the\nother side.\n\nKURTZ: Tell me a little more about your family, what was their social status at\nthe time of the war? Were you well to do?\n\nSTORCH: Yes, we were. I would say we were very comfortable. We were comfortable.\nWe were a happy family, a loving ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=210.0,240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/transcript/20892/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"family.\n\nKURTZ: Your father made a nice living?\n\nSTORCH: Yes, he made a very nice living. As a matter of fact, he helped\nneighbors. He helped people. Sometimes on the weekends if somebody was, for\nShabbos, kind of shortchanged or whatever, he was always the one to help. He\nreally was very happy to do those things. Yes. We just were a happy family.\n\nKURTZ: What did your father do for a living?\n\nSTORCH: He ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=240.0,270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/transcript/20892/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was--I don't know how you can explain this actually in English--like\na contractor, but he was on his own. He worked liked in the . . . we had some\napartments. He had people who to worked for him like . . . things like that. He\nmade a very good living.\n\nKURTZ: What kind of educational background ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=270.0,300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/transcript/20892/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"did you have before the war started?\n\nSTORCH: I just went to grammar school and that's about it.\n\nKURTZ: How about religiously? Were you very religious?\n\nSTORCH: We were pretty religious, yes. We were very religious. As a matter of\nfact, my father, every morning . . . He was . . . We had a kosher home and a\nreligious ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=300.0,330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/transcript/20892/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"home. Every morning, he wouldn't leave the house without saying his\nprayers or going to shul every morning and on Saturday. Just religious, pretty\nreligious. I wouldn't say hypocritical religious, just normal. Really very nice. Yes.\n\nKURTZ: Before we move on, give me your sisters' names, and your brother's name,\nand your parent's names so we can get a record of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=330.0,360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/transcript/20892/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that.\n\nSTORCH: My mother's name was Shaindla, my father's Avraham, my older sister's\nMiriam, and Ruchel or Rakhel, and Peretz.\n\nKURTZ: What were your contacts with non-Jews like before the war?\n\nSTORCH: Before the war, people who worked for my father were a lot of non-Jewish\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=360.0,390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/transcript/20892/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"people. Antisemitism was then there pretty much also. As a matter of fact,\nthere's a short story. The first night of the demonstrations, someone who worked\nfor my father came to work. My father said to him, \"You go. I don't want you to\nwork anymore for me.\" He went, \"Yesterday, you were . . . You said . . . 'Away\nwith the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=390.0,420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/transcript/20892/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jews!' Today, you come to work to a Jew.\" He says, \"You're my boss.\" He\nsays, \"I said, 'Away with the Jews,' but not with my boss.\" This is true.\n\nKURTZ: You were aware of antisemitism already?\n\nSTORCH: Yes. It was pretty much . . .\n\nKURTZ: Did you have any contact personally with non-Jews?\n\nSTORCH: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=420.0,450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/transcript/20892/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"No, not at all, unless they came when my father had to make the payroll.\nHe pays them, but that's all. Otherwise . . .\n\nKURTZ: How about at school?\n\nSTORCH: No, we were just the Jewish crowd. Jewish girls were around. Friends I\nhave were Jewish.\n\nKURTZ: You went to a Jewish school?\n\nSTORCH: Yes.\n\nKURTZ: Dora, tell me what your first memories are of the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=450.0,480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/transcript/20892/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"war. How old were you?\n\nSTORCH: I'll tell you my first memories. It just strikes me right . . . the day\nwhen my mother passed away. My mother died in 1940. 1939 the war broke out. In\n1940, in April, my mother died. The reason because my father, at the time--like\neverybody I'm ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=480.0,510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/transcript/20892/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sure--whatever they possessed, their jewelry, all kind expensive\nthings . . . He built like a double wall in it and we get somebody there to help\nhim do it, to bring the materials and everything. At the time he got through\nbuilding it, the Gestapo came. They took him and they told ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=510.0,540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/transcript/20892/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"him to give\neverything back what he had taken. They beat him up and they brought him home.\nWe . . . and of course, he just opened up the whole thing. Told them, \"Go ahead.\nTake what you want,\" and the whole . . . not just ours, but our relatives, and\nthe families, everybody accumulated what they possess. They put ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=540.0,570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/transcript/20892/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it in . . . like\na vault but it was with cement just like a wall. Then again, they took him. That\nwent on for a few days. My mother, the only thing what she said, she said,\n\"Children, I don't know if I'm going to live through that. I just can't do it.\"\nThat was in April and it was Pesach. We, of course, didn't have the Pesach like\nshe was used to it. The ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=570.0,600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/transcript/20892/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"first seder, after she went to sleep--and I can see her\nright now, beautiful with the beautiful gown, she was laying in a bed--all of a\nsudden she jumped up. She said, \"I don't feel good.\" Just like this. That was\nFriday night. We were without a mother which to us was, at the time . . . I just\n. . . I was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=600.0,630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/transcript/20892/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"unconscious. I didn't know. I just didn't believe and I didn't want\nto believe what happened. The doctor came and he told me . . . I don't know . . .\n\nKURTZ: This was . . .\n\nSTORCH: This was in 1944. I mean in 1940, in April.\n\nKURTZ: Is this in the ghetto?\n\nSTORCH: Yes, in the ghetto, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=630.0,660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/transcript/20892/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"definitely.\n\nKURTZ: In your home?\n\nSTORCH: In the ghetto. Where we used to live, yes.\n\nKURTZ: Your home was in the . . .\n\nSTORCH: No. In the ghetto. We moved.\n\nKURTZ: You moved there.\n\nSTORCH: Yes.\n\nKURTZ: Let's go back. Going to the ghetto: When did that occur?\n\nSTORCH: That was in . . . when they opened and made the ghetto, we were there. I\nhad a job which very good kind. I don't know. You would call it prestigious job\n. . . in the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=660.0,690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/transcript/20892/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Fleishzentrum.\n\nKURTZ: What?\n\nSTORCH: In the Fleishzentrum. Like a meat company. We gave rations to the people\non the rations cards. I was registering the cards. I was sitting . . .\nregistering the cards. People came in. They . . . sometimes I walked with my\nbooks and they wouldn't let me through. I couldn't . . . so they picked me ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=690.0,720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/transcript/20892/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"up\nand through the crowd. They were waiting for me, to get a piece of meat for a\nwhole month, for a week. People stayed there since four o'clock in the morning\nand then it was out. We just didn't have any more and they had to go home with nothing.\n\nKURTZ: This was in the ghetto?\n\nSTORCH: In the ghetto, yes. A piece of meat. We had . . . usually we get a\nlittle piece of salami or a piece of meat and I put it ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=720.0,750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/transcript/20892/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"away to bring it home for\nmy father. One . . . but I was eating . . . We were not supposed to take it out\nfrom the place, but I made at home little hamburgers from coffee grinds. We had\ncoffee grinds, and we pasted some together, and we made little hamburgers. I\ntook it with me. I ate that and the piece of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=750.0,780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/transcript/20892/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"meat or the salami, I took it home\nfor my father. One time, it was really . . . saw me eating. They were screaming\nthat I was eating the meat. I showed it to one, \"Look, what I'm eating. Look\nwhat I . . .\" Then they just . . . They couldn't say anything.\n\nKURTZ: This was in which ghetto?\n\nSTORCH: In the Lodz ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=780.0,810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/transcript/20892/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ghetto . . . Then we had . . . We just lived with the day.\nThey came, they took this one, they took that one . . . We had to go downstairs.\nWe lived in this first floor and everybody had to go downstairs. They packed\npeople on the trucks and the rest go back. Every day, we didn't know what would\nhappen to us. It was . . . We had a pretty miserable life.\n\nKURTZ: Let's back up a little bit to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=810.0,840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/transcript/20892/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when the German's came in. Before you went\ninto the ghetto or the ghetto was formed, what were the things that went through\nyour family's mind? Were there options that you considered?\n\nSTORCH: We just survived. Especially my family said, \"Oh, that won't last long.\nOh, this and this . . . We could do that.\" Everybody took it so easy in the\nbeginning. Then in time we have seen people come ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=840.0,870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/transcript/20892/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"France. They were in such a bad\nshape, and we, but we moved in first, we were in, in a little small, very small\napartment, four families. One French woman was there with her legs swollen. Her\nwhole body was swollen. They didn't live long because they took it just too\nhard. With us, we were just like cats. You throw them down, they get on the\nground, and they stay on their feet. That was with us, especially with the\nPolish ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=870.0,900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/transcript/20892/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jews.\n\nKURTZ: They brought Jews from France to the Lodz ghetto?\n\nSTORCH: Yes, a lot of them. They came and they were in bad, bad shape. They were\nhungry and swollen . . . just their whole bodies were swollen.\n\nKURTZ: What were you told by the Germans before you went to the ghetto?\n\nSTORCH: Nothing. They just did their own thing and that's it. That's what we\nhave to do. We just followed.\n\nKURTZ: Did your whole family go together?\n\nSTORCH: That's right, yes.\n\nKURTZ: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=900.0,930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/transcript/20892/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Tell me about the daily routine in the ghetto.\n\nSTORCH: We just went to work. I had my job. We got home and we just were\nsitting. That's all. Just talk about all kinds of things: what would happen and\nwhen the whole thing be over, what's going to happen. We just . . . particular .\n. . had a different thing, because we couldn't just get over it--the loss of our\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=930.0,960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/transcript/20892/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"mother. That's what hurt us very badly, and especially my father. He was very,\nvery depressed. We were very close family, very close. We just couldn't believe\nit, that what happened. Every day, every chance I had, I went to the cemetery.\nThen I went one time to the cemetery with a friend of mine. She said she wants\nto go with me. She went with me. It start ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=960.0,990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/transcript/20892/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"pouring and thundering. She was under\na tree and lightning struck. At the time, was just unbelievable.\n\nKURTZ: She was struck by lightning?\n\nSTORCH: Yes.\n\nKURTZ: That's something! Could you go to the cemetery whenever you wanted to?\n\nSTORCH: Yes, because it was in the . . .\n\nKURTZ: Inside the ghetto?\n\nSTORCH: Yes. At least it was one thing we had--the cemetery. Because then we . .\n. everyday, some of the people were ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=990.0,1020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/transcript/20892/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"dying.\n\nKURTZ: Your whole family stayed together during the time in the ghetto?\n\nSTORCH: Yes.\n\nKURTZ: When were you separated?\n\nSTORCH: They took my brother away first. That was a short time after my mother\ndied. My brother, he says he just wanted to go away or he was going to Russia\nlike . . . Everybody was running. People didn't know where, but they were just\nrunning. They took ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=1020.0,1050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/transcript/20892/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"him. Then they took him back. They informed us that he's in\nthe ghetto in the hospital. When we went to see him, there was nothing to see\nmuch. He must have weighed at the time maybe fifty pounds and he was tall . . .\nThey didn't let us near him. We just watched him die.\n\nKURTZ: How long a period of time was it from ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=1050.0,1080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/transcript/20892/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when they took him away to . . .\n\nSTORCH: That must have been about three months later they brought him back. I\ndon't know why, but they just brought him back.\n\nKURTZ: You don't know where he was taken to in that three months?\n\nSTORCH: No, they took him to . . . No. Like they said they took him to work.\nWhen they brought him back . . . He was just . . . No . . . He says he's going\nto Russia with some friends, and he's going to help us, he's going to send for\nus. But they must have caught him on the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=1080.0,1110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/transcript/20892/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"way. When they sent him back, he just\nwas . . . He just didn't know what he was talking about. He had lungs with the .\n. .\n\nKURTZ: Tuberculosis?\n\nSTORCH: Yes. He had tuberculosis, so they didn't want us near him.\n\nKURTZ: How about your sisters?\n\nSTORCH: My oldest sister was with me all the time. She didn't want to let go of me.\n\nKURTZ: You were the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=1110.0,1140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/transcript/20892/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"baby?\n\nSTORCH: I was the baby. My older sister was like a mother to us when my mother\npassed away and we were pretty close. Then when they say, \"This is it,\" the\nghetto . . . They got rid of all the people from the ghetto, so we were hiding.\nWe were hiding with my sister and that little boy--and her husband, they took\nhim before--so we all went ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=1140.0,1170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/transcript/20892/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"together. Finally, they came, they found our hiding\nplace, and they got us all. They took us to a . . . That was when they took us\nto Auschwitz-Birkenau. When we went on the . . . trains, it was very, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=1170.0,1200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/transcript/20892/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"very, very\nbad. We were all packed . . .\n\nKURTZ: When was this?\n\nSTORCH: That was when they got rid of the ghetto, when they liquidated the\nghetto. We went to Auschwitz-Birkenau. I remember when they opened the doors, we\nsaw a lot of the SS people. They sorted us and said, \"This way, the other way .\n. .\"\n\nKURTZ: That was is in Auschwitz-Birkenau?\n\nSTORCH: That was in Auschwitz-Birkenau.\n\nKURTZ: You stayed together the whole time ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=1200.0,1230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/transcript/20892/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the ghetto?\n\nSTORCH: Yes, we were together. They took my father away. They took my sister and\nmyself and went opposite side. The other sister with the child . . . they want\nto separate them to take the child and my sister with us, and she didn't want to\nlet go of the child. She screamed and she hollered. She didn't want to let go of\nthe child. They just didn't know what to do with her. They took her ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=1230.0,1260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/transcript/20892/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"away from .\n. .\n\nKURTZ: This is the oldest sister?\n\nSTORCH: The younger one. With the oldest sister I was all the time, to the last\nthing. We got to the . . .\n\nKURTZ: Liberation.\n\nSTORCH: . . . to the liberation, yes.\n\nKURTZ: Let's talk a little more about the ghetto. I have a couple more questions\nabout the ghetto. Do you know if there was resistance in the ghetto?\n\nSTORCH: Not in our ghetto. I don't know, it was not ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=1260.0,1290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/transcript/20892/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"like in ghetto. In our\nghetto, it was not much . . . It was a smaller place, much smaller, and\neverybody just mind their own business. It was hard. Everybody has plenty\ntrouble, problems on themselves. It was not as much . . . not obvious.\n\nKURTZ: Were there newspapers or any ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=1290.0,1320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/transcript/20892/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"communications, art?\n\nSTORCH: We went to . . . As young kids, we had our organizations, we had our\nshows, we had . . . just like young adults. We had a good time.\n\nKURTZ: There was a little bit of normal life in the ghetto?\n\nSTORCH: No. Yes, a little bit, but in the back of our mind, something else ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=1320.0,1350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/transcript/20892/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was .\n. .\n\nKURTZ: Did any people leave the ghetto to work?\n\nSTORCH: Yes, a lot of people. They left to work and they brought them back. They\ncame back.\n\nKURTZ: What kind of work did they do--the ones that they took out of the ghetto\nto work on a daily basis?\n\nSTORCH: They took them to different kind of factories. We had a lot of factories\nin the ghetto, a lot of things. We had like ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=1350.0,1380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/transcript/20892/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"clothing. We had straw factories. It\nwas a lot of people working in the ghetto itself.\n\nKURTZ: Did you have doctors?\n\nSTORCH: Yes, we had doctors. As a matter of fact, we had a doctor where we\nlived. My neighbor was a doctor. By the time when my mother died . . . When she\nsaid she doesn't feel good, we went to get the doctor. By the time he ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=1380.0,1410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/transcript/20892/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"came to\nthe house, she was already gone. Yes, we had doctors. It was like life went on,\nbut not the way we want it. We were the way we were ordered.\n\nKURTZ: Was there leadership in the ghetto that you knew of?\n\nSTORCH: We had leaders. We had Rumkowski. We had . . . what's his other ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=1410.0,1440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/transcript/20892/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"name? A\ncommittee. We had . . . We had . . . It was . . .\n\nKURTZ: How was it organized? There was a leader . . .\n\nSTORCH: Yes, there was a leader.\n\nKURTZ: . . . and a committee?\n\nSTORCH: Yes, sure. They have meetings and they have all this . . . Usually the\nSS people told them whatever they want to do. They told them and they just\ncommunicated with us.\n\nKURTZ: They did what the Germans ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=1440.0,1470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/transcript/20892/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ordered?\n\nSTORCH: Yes. We had our own police. They were miserable . . . I won't express\nmyself what they were, but they were police. They were nacht . . .\n\nKURTZ: Did the leadership do anything for the ghetto? If there were problems,\ndid they get the Germans to . . .\n\nSTORCH: They tried, but I don't think they did much. They couldn't do much. They\nwere not in such a level of power where they could do it by themselves. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=1470.0,1500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/transcript/20892/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They\ncouldn't do much.\n\nKURTZ: You don't feel it affected your life very much, the organization of the ghetto?\n\nSTORCH: No, we didn't . . . Mostly we didn't get along with it because we\nthought they were on the German's side, but we just . . . They did their job.\n\nKURTZ: Were the Jews transported from your ghetto to the death camps? Were you\naware of that at the time--that there were Jews taken ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=1500.0,1530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/transcript/20892/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there?\n\nSTORCH: We didn't know exactly. There were rumors, but we didn't know until we\nourselves experienced the whole thing. I was there. I was in the . . . where the\n. . . what you call the burning . . .\n\nKURTZ: The crematorium?\n\nSTORCH: The crematorium. I was there. I was in Birkenau. They took us ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=1530.0,1560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/transcript/20892/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there . .\n. like we were taking a bath. They shaved us completely. I had really beautiful,\ngorgeous, blond beautiful hair. I was young. The SS man, when he shaved my head,\nand I looked up at him, and my . . . I didn't cry. I smiled, but my tears came\ndown my face. I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=1560.0,1590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/transcript/20892/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"smiled and I said, \"Ach, G-d. I'm gonna outlive you.\" This I'll\nnever forget. I passed out. I fainted. They took me outside. My sister ran after\nme, so when I was outside . . . and the rest probably went to the crematoriums.\nI don't know. It was just a miracle. They sent me to the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=1590.0,1620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/transcript/20892/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"barracks. I was on the\nground. We were laying on a cement floor.\n\nKURTZ: This was in Auschwitz-Birkenau?\n\nSTORCH: Right. I still have problems in my spine, in my back since then. I was\nlaying on the floor, on the cement floor. Every morning, at three ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=1620.0,1650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/transcript/20892/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"o'clock in the\nmorning, we had to go out, in the wintertime. They gave us clothes. Heavy\npeople, a heavy woman, they had a size, maybe 5. The small, little ones had\nbigger clothes, on purpose. When we went out, my sister was holding my hand\nbecause if I would go about a few feet away from her, she wouldn't recognize ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=1650.0,1680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/transcript/20892/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"me.\nWe'd wrap papers around our legs to keep us warm because we were standing\noutside for the Appel, to count us in numbers.\n\nKURTZ: You stayed in the ghetto in Lodz until what year?\n\nSTORCH: 1944.\n\nKURTZ: I just have a couple more ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=1680.0,1710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/transcript/20892/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"questions about the experience in the ghetto.\nIf you got sick, you said you had doctors.\n\nSTORCH: Yes.\n\nKURTZ: You could get enough food?\n\nSTORCH: I wouldn't say 'enough' food. We didn't have . . . My family\nparticularly . . . they had a little more food because of my father. People\ndidn't have enough food. Not at all. Because they get the rations for a whole\nmonth. People couldn't control ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=1710.0,1740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/transcript/20892/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"themselves, so they ate the whole thing in a week\nor two. Then the rest two weeks they were starving. They didn't have enough.\nThey got the bread or whatever you get . . . You didn't get enough unless a big\nfamily. They had . . . each person had a certain amount so maybe you can\naccumulate. If it was one person, had nothing left. The ghetto, I wouldn't say\nwas . . . unless you ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=1740.0,1770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/transcript/20892/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"had additional things.\n\nKURTZ: Were there babies born in the ghetto?\n\nSTORCH: Yes, sure, but they took them away. They took them away. We had a\nhospital in the ghetto. They took on the truck . . . I'll never forget. It must\nhave been on the fifth floor--the maternity ward--so from the windows they threw\nthe babies on the truck.\n\nMARTY: On Lagiewnicka. I seen it.\n\nSTORCH: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=1770.0,1800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/transcript/20892/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's exactly right, yes.\n\nKURTZ: What's that?\n\nSTORCH: He said the street where it was.\n\nKURTZ: They took them? None of the babies were allowed to live?\n\nSTORCH: No. Then when they had all people together, they came in a . . . like a\nhouse project, apartment house, and they told everybody \"Out, everybody,\" so\neverybody had to go out. They went into the apartments, and they looked up, if\nsomebody was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=1800.0,1830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/transcript/20892/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"hiding. They took everybody down. They had great big trucks . . .\nthis one; that one . . . One time they came. They didn't like redheads. All the\nredheads on the truck. Children were the worst off. But it was a generation . .\n. Those children . . . I wouldn't say they were smiling. It was just something .\n. . like sent from G-d, just unbelievable, intelligent, mature . . . A six year\nold child would say, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=1830.0,1860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/transcript/20892/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"Mutti, listen, go ahead. I know they want you to live.\nThey don't want me.\" Just unbelievable how small they were, just like a special\ngeneration. They know everything what went on. It was hard, but the worst off\nwere the children. They took all the kids. First thing, whoever came with\nchildren, they ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=1860.0,1890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/transcript/20892/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"just threw them on the trucks and took them away.\n\nKURTZ: This was all in the ghetto?\n\nSTORCH: Yes, that was in the ghetto, and that went on every week, twice a week.\nThey took each time more, and more, and more. In the morning, we get up, I went\nto this one, \"Oh, she's gone. That one gone...\" It was just less and less.\n\nKURTZ: Now your sister still had her child with her in the ghetto, is that right?\n\nSTORCH: Yes, my sister still had a child in the ghetto. That's ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=1890.0,1920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/transcript/20892/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"right.\n\nKURTZ: She was able to avoid being picked up?\n\nSTORCH: Yes, that's right. We were hiding him so they couldn't find him. They\nwere . . . When we were outside with so many people, we put him under the\nclothes or in the back of us so they wouldn't see him. They took enough people\nout, they said, \"Okay, now everybody back.\" We just went back to the apartment.\nWe were holding him right between us.\n\nKURTZ: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=1920.0,1950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/transcript/20892/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Dora, do you know if there were any religious ceremonies in the ghetto?\n\nSTORCH: Yes. One time . . . They had synagogues. We had the most gorgeous,\nfamous synagogue in the ghetto, which they burned. Right then they set a fire in\nthe synagogue. Anyway, we had very religious ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=1950.0,1980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/transcript/20892/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"people--rabbis. Where we were\nliving, we could see through the window. It was like a little park. They make a\ngreat big grave and they put all those people with the beards . . . in the\nground up till here and with the . . . What you call ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=1980.0,2010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/transcript/20892/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"those? The very sharp . . .\n\nKURTZ: Swords?\n\nSTORCH: Swords, yes. They just cut them, and cut them, and cut them. Then they\nburned them. That was through the window, what we could see that. Yes, I've seen\nthis. The religious people . . . Oh, G-d. They were as the children. They did\nall kinds of things to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=2010.0,2040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/transcript/20892/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"them. Then we had the hangings. We all had to go and to\nsee. They were hanging people, for what they say something or didn't agree with\nthem, so they hanged them. We had to go pass by and watch them.\n\nKURTZ: Every day, it seems like . . .\n\nSTORCH: Yes. That was their pleasure in the ghetto. We're talking about the\nconcentration ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=2040.0,2070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/transcript/20892/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"camp.\n\nKURTZ: How were your religious beliefs affected by the ghetto experience?\n\nSTORCH: Right now, I'll tell you . . . When I said . . . If something like that\ncould happen to such a beautiful people--rabbis, parents . . . It couldn't be\nanything beautiful than that--our parents and very religious people . . . If\nsomething like this could happen to them, \"Where is G-d?\" Where was God? We ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=2070.0,2100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/transcript/20892/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"just\n. . . I don't know. In my mind, I said . . . it wouldn't be for my children . .\n. Otherwise I just don't care. Because our parents . . . To us . . . We believed\nin our parents. We worshipped our parents. It's so many . . . it's rich . . . I\nknew rabbis who lived not far from us also. \"If something like this could happen\nto such a people . . . So ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=2100.0,2130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/transcript/20892/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what? Where are we? What could be?\" I don't know. We\nwere kosher. We were religious and everything. Now I just . . . I believe in\nG-d, I'm doing things for my children, but deep in my heart, I said, \"No. Where\nwere you? Why couldn't you . . . I don't know some kind perform a miracle or\nsomething to kill those ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=2130.0,2160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/transcript/20892/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"bastards that they could do such and so much harm to\nyoung kids and to such a beautiful people?\"\n\nKURTZ: Were you aware of any help from non-Jews from outside the ghetto?\n\nSTORCH: Not much at all. I don't think. There were a few hidden, but it's just .\n. . No, not that I know of. Maybe I don't ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=2160.0,2190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/transcript/20892/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"remember because a lot of things, I\nreally don't remember. Maybe I don't want it because I just want to bury it with\nme. It's just too much to live with it.\n\nKURTZ: You've talked about concentration camps. What's the name of camps you\nwere in or that you went to?\n\nSTORCH: I was in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=2190.0,2220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/transcript/20892/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Auschwitz-Birkenau. I was in Bergen-Belsen. I was in Torgau and\nElsnig. I think that was the main we were. I worked in the . . . underground . .\n. We walked every single day eight miles both ways. At night we worked. One\nweek, we worked in the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=2220.0,2250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/transcript/20892/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"day. When we worked at night, we were not allowed to take\na bath or to do anything, nothing, just to work in those . . . to grenades . . .\na great big . . . It was so heavy and twice it fell on my leg.\n\nKURTZ: Was this rocks?\n\nSTORCH: No, grenades, bombs. That's what I worked. They took me on stretchers\nback. My ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=2250.0,2280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/transcript/20892/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sister and somebody else had to carry me for so many miles back to the\ncamp because I couldn't walk. It fell on my leg. My face was yellow, all of us,\nbecause we worked with the . . . ammunition. My face was yellow, my eyes were\nred--the whites were red--and my hair were red. I didn't have much hair--I had a\ncrew ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=2280.0,2310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/transcript/20892/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"cut--but it was red, and my whole body, my skin was yellow.\n\nKURTZ: Were you part of a transport? Let's talk about Auschwitz-Birkenau, which\nwas the first camp you came to. Were you or your family part of a transport to\nthe camp?\n\nSTORCH: No, not with the families.\n\nKURTZ: You and your sister?\n\nSTORCH: Just me and my sister. That's all.\n\nKURTZ: Let's back up then. Your brother died in the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=2310.0,2340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/transcript/20892/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ghetto. Then your older\nsister and you . . .\n\nSTORCH: That's all that was left--my sister and myself.\n\nKURTZ: Your father died . . .\n\nSTORCH: In Auschwitz-Birkenau. Everybody, all of them were gone in Auschwitz-Birkenau.\n\nKURTZ: Everybody came to Auschwitz-Birkenau at the same time?\n\nSTORCH: Yes.\n\nKURTZ: Your sisters?\n\nSTORCH: Not my brother. My brother died in the ghetto.\n\nKURTZ: Your brother died in the ghetto, but your two sisters, and you, and your\nfather were part of the same transport to Auschwitz?\n\nSTORCH: That's right.\n\nKURTZ: You were separated there from your father?\n\nSTORCH: Yes, from my father, my sister, and her little ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=2340.0,2370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/transcript/20892/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"child.\n\nKURTZ: She went with her son?\n\nSTORCH: Yes, she went with her child.\n\nKURTZ: Were you aware this . . .\n\nSTORCH: That was when the liquidation of the ghetto . . .\n\nKURTZ: That's when the liquidation of the Lodz ghetto occurred?\n\nSTORCH: When I left, yes, it was the liquidation of the ghetto.\n\nKURTZ: That was in . . .\n\nSTORCH: 1944.\n\nKURTZ: Which month? Do you have any idea?\n\nSTORCH: It was in the beginning. I think in February.\n\nKURTZ: When you came to Auschwitz-Birkenau, were you aware of a selection\nprocess going on when you ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=2370.0,2400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/transcript/20892/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"arrived?\n\nSTORCH: You get to an extent where you just don't know. Not that this . . . My\nmind was, \"I want my father and my sister at my side.\" That's what I wanted. I\ncouldn't get it, so that's what was bothering me. Then I just went like . . .\nThey pushed me up. \"Go.\" I just didn't care for much. I couldn't concentrate\nanymore because I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=2400.0,2430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/transcript/20892/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"knew that my father was gone, my sister. I knew something\nwould happen to them because they didn't went with us.\n\nKURTZ: Did you ever find out what happened to your father?\n\nSTORCH: No. There's no way. I assumed what happened to them, but I didn't have\nanybody who would tell me what happened to them and where he was. I just used my\nown ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=2430.0,2460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/transcript/20892/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"judgment.\n\nKURTZ: How about your sister that went with her child?\n\nSTORCH: Also, the same way. She went with my father. I'm sure she went to the\ncrematorium with her child. If she would give up the child, she would let him\ngo, she would be with us because my sister and myself they pushed us right on\nother side and said we go to work.\n\nKURTZ: What do you remember about your ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=2460.0,2490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/transcript/20892/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"first days in Auschwitz-Birkenau?\n\nSTORCH: Which camp?\n\nKURTZ: At Auschwitz-Birkenau.\n\nSTORCH: We just lived like animals. That's all. We waited for the little soup\nwhat they gave us. We had beatings. You couldn't move and they just . . . It was\njust very bad. Then they needed people to work, so they tried to select people.\nWe went ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=2490.0,2520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/transcript/20892/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"through a big selection. They sent us to Bergen-Belsen. Over there, we\ndid nothing. We just relax. Very little to eat, almost as nothing--a piece of\nbread and a soup a day. That's all we had for about three weeks. After three\nweeks, we graduated already. They sent us to a real concentration camp.\n\nKURTZ: Bergen-Belsen was a little brake for you?\n\nSTORCH: Yes . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=2520.0,2550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/transcript/20892/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in German, like you go here just to nosh . . . Yes, pretty much.\n\nKURTZ: Why were you sent to Bergen-Belsen before Torgau?\n\nSTORCH: Before it, because I was skinny. I was a skinny kid always, so when we\nwere there . . . just to relax. I don't know. Not to gain weight. It was . . .\nthat's what we called that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=2550.0,2580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/transcript/20892/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"camp.\n\nKURTZ: You stayed with your sister?\n\nSTORCH: Yes.\n\nKURTZ: Then from Bergen-Belsen you were shipped to . . .\n\nSTORCH: Torgau and Elsnig. Over there, I stayed with my sister all the time. We\n. . . worked. Sometimes when my sister had a break, she went to the kitchen to\npeel potatoes. She was so lucky to bring back a potato to the camp. We had a\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=2580.0,2610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/transcript/20892/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"fire in the middle. She put in a potato. When the SS came in . . . all the . . .\none who took care of us . . . the . . .\n\nMARTY: The Stubenalteste.\n\nSTORCH: The Stubenalteste. Yes, but they don't understand Stubenalteste. It's\nlike a . . .\n\nMARTY: Foreman.\n\nSTORCH: Like a foreman, but they were just girls. I'm telling you, I wish I\nwould find one now. I wish I would find her, believe ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=2610.0,2640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/transcript/20892/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"me. She would be . . . a foreman.\n\nKURTZ: When they came in . . .\n\nSTORCH: When they came in, she noticed, she smelled . . . garlic, and she beat\nus. I'm telling you, she really . . . a Jewish girl!\n\nKURTZ: Were there any attempts at resistance in the camps?\n\nSTORCH: We had armed barbed wires around the camp. It was just 750 ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=2640.0,2670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/transcript/20892/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"women. We\nhadn't seen any men. We didn't even know that men exist. Every morning when we\ngot up, we see another body clinging to the wires. Sometimes I just looked at\nthat, I said, \"Oh, my G-d, I wish I could do that.\" I wouldn't have my sister\nwith me, maybe I would do it. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=2670.0,2700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/transcript/20892/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"She always begged me, \"We going to outlive them.\nWe're going to live through. We going to . . .\" A lot of people . . . Anyway, we\ndid work. At night, they took us to work. A lot of them, they were crying. They\nwere with machine guns. They were escorting us to and from work. One ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=2700.0,2730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/transcript/20892/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was . . .\nspoke a little Polish. He had a piece of bread. Every night when we walked, he\njust give to somebody else a piece of bread, additional slice of bread. Some of\nthem really very nice.\n\nKURTZ: These were guards?\n\nSTORCH: Guards with machine guns. They escorted us to the work. We worked ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=2730.0,2760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/transcript/20892/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"underground.\n\nKURTZ: There was one guard at least that . . .\n\nSTORCH: Yes, and at work while we there we had a soup. The soup consists of\nleaves and water. It was impossible . . . No matter how hungry you were, you\ncouldn't eat that. I took this to the bathroom and I washed myself. That's the\nonly way I could keep myself clean. I washed myself with a bowl of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=2760.0,2790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/transcript/20892/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"soup.\n\nKURTZ: Did you think you would survive when you were at Torgau?\n\nSTORCH: In a way, we did, but it was like a dream. We thought, \"Okay we will.\" I\nsaid, \"Ach, if G-d would help us to survive, we would like to have a loaf of\nbread and a knife on the table.\" That's all--just a loaf of bread and to slice a\nbread as much as we can ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=2790.0,2820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/transcript/20892/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"eat. That was our imagination. How we hoped for that! We\nlived in such illusions. We thought, \"Okay, we going to see our father, we going\nto see our sisters, we going to see everybody.\" It just . . . We thought if we\nlived . . .\n\nKURTZ: Why do you think you survived in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=2820.0,2850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/transcript/20892/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Torgau? What kept you going? Your sister?\n\nSTORCH: My sister mostly. She was much older than I am and she was to me like a\nmother. She took care of me. At night, where we were sleeping on the straw, with\nopen windows, snow . . . When it snowing, we had the snow in the. How could a\nhuman live like this and not to get sick? Here, my G-d, you go out in the rain,\nyou catch a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=2850.0,2880.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/transcript/20892/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"cold. You get pneumonia. You didn't get pneumonia there. We was all\nstrong. I just don't know. We didn't have no clothes to wear, barefooted we were\nrunning around, they schlepped us back and forth from those things. I'll tell\nyou it is . . . One mother was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=2880.0,2910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/transcript/20892/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there, a friend of mine, with her daughter. The\ndaughter was my friend. She was living with her mother and, I don't know, they\njust went on each other's nerves. One morning, I saw the mother was on the\nwires. She . . . It just so easy to do, such a beautiful death. You just go near\nthe wires, touch them, and that's ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=2910.0,2940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/transcript/20892/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it. I envied them, everyone of them. Every\nmorning there was somebody else there. I said, \"Why can they do it and I can't?\"\nI could have done it maybe. I don't know. Maybe I loved myself too much and\nbecause it was of my sister I didn't want to do it. Finally, by the end--that\nwas eight months by the end--we went to . . . they took us ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=2940.0,2970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/transcript/20892/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on the cattle trains\nand they took us back and forth and back and forth. We went two weeks with\nnothing to eat and to drink--I'd rather not discuss it--until the Americans\nbombed the trains. We were running. We didn't know where to go. We went to on\none ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=2970.0,3000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/transcript/20892/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"side, with my sister holding onto me. A lot of them went on the other side.\nI found out later they were hiding in a vacant house. Then the Germans came and\nthey threw grenades in there. They killed them all. We went where we saw a\nlittle pond and were drinking the water there. Then we were running. We didn't\nknow where we were running. A woman was sitting in the front--a German\nwoman--and she ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=3000.0,3030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/transcript/20892/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was watering carrots with a bucket. We grabbed that water and we\ndrank it. We were afraid of her! She was more afraid of us than we of her\nbecause she didn't know where we come from. We wore uniforms and we had no hair,\nbut she didn't know a woman, a man. We were running until it was in the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=3030.0,3060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/transcript/20892/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"country\na barn. In the middle, with two walls, was stacked up just with a lot of hay. We\nwere up there. We were eight girls. We were up there on top of the hay. We were\nsitting there. We couldn't see nobody around us. We had those kernels from the\nstraw . . . the little ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=3060.0,3090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/transcript/20892/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"kernels. That's what we ate.\n\nMARTY: Wheat.\n\nSTORCH: Wheat. That's what we ate and we had a piece of kohlrabi . . . how do\nyou call this? We ate . . . not a piece of carrot, but . . .\n\nMARTY: Rutabaga.\n\nSTORCH: Rutabagas what we grabbed from that woman. We was sitting there for two\nweeks up there. One lost their mind, completely, and we had one dead there. We\nsitting up there and we didn't ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=3090.0,3120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/transcript/20892/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"know what goes on. Finally, we saw from way, way\nback somebody was walking. He was walking towards us. We thought, \"This is our\nend.\" That's what we thought. \"It's our end.\" In the meantime, he was walking\ntoward us with the white flag. We thought, \"Oh, my G-d, the war is over.\" We\nwere still ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=3120.0,3150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/transcript/20892/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"afraid. When he passed by, he passed by close enough for us to see\nhim. One of the girls, she said, \"This is enough.\" She said, \"I'm going to die\nhere anyway, I'm going to start walking. I won't come back.\" She said, \"How can\nI come back? If I don't come back, then you all slowly walk towards the road.\"\nThat was in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=3150.0,3180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/transcript/20892/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Frankfurt. Finally, we . . . I had my sister. Were two sets of\nsisters also. We were always close together. We went up there and then we start\nto walk towards the road. We saw tanks and all kind . . . the Russians. That was\nFrankfurt, in the Russian ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=3180.0,3210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/transcript/20892/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"zone, where they were liberated.\n\nKURTZ: Torgau was in the Frankfurt area?\n\nSTORCH: It was not exactly close to it because they took us to a crematorium and\nthey were so loaded with so many people that they didn't want to take us. They\nsent us back.\n\nKURTZ: To Torgau?\n\nSTORCH: Yes, they sent us back and forth. Then again to another ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=3210.0,3240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/transcript/20892/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"one. Oranienburg\nwas one. They sent us there and again . . . Finally they got so disgusted with\nus, they didn't know what to do with us.\n\nMARTY: There was general confusion . . .\n\nKURTZ: You were sent to the crematoria and back on more than one occasion?\n\nSTORCH: Yes. Not by ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=3240.0,3270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/transcript/20892/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ourselves, but that's all in the cattle trains--and back and\nforth, and back and forth. From the seven hundred and fifty, I don't know if\nit's twenty-five . . .\n\nKURTZ: Survived?\n\nSTORCH: . . . that survived at that time.\n\nKURTZ: Six with you?\n\nSTORCH: Yes.\n\nKURTZ: Let's talk a little bit about the camps. While you were in Torgau . . .\nLet's talk more about that because you spent more time there. Did people help\neach other in the camp? Beside your sister, did people help ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=3270.0,3300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/transcript/20892/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"each by giving\nanything, sharing, helping?\n\nSTORCH: No, there was not much to share. There was not much to give because we\nreally didn't have much. We had so little. We couldn't even survive on the\nthings what we had. Some camps were different. One helped another because they\nhad a lot. See, they had enough to help, to share, but not with us. We didn't\nhave nothing. We had a slice of bread ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=3300.0,3330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/transcript/20892/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the only I had two slices was Yom\nKippur, I didn't eat the bread. I fast Yom Kippur. I didn't know when it was,\nbut we just figured Yom Kippur's . . . I kept a piece of bread for the following\nday and I didn't eat. I was so happy. Maybe I wouldn't fast, but I fast. Just\nthe thought to have two slices of bread . . .\n\nKURTZ: Were there groups that were ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=3330.0,3360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/transcript/20892/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"formed?\n\nSTORCH: In the camps? No, we were not allowed. I was in such a small camp that a\nlot of different camps had different activities. Some of them say, \"Oh, if I had\nto eat that . . . I had just everything.\" I wouldn't say this. Whenever,\nwherever camp I was, I never had enough to eat and I was not a big eater, I will\ntell you. I was always very, very skinny.\n\nKURTZ: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=3360.0,3390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/transcript/20892/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Were there some people who were not part, they were alone most of the\ntime, loners that stayed away from . . .\n\nSTORCH: Yes. A lot of them got depressed. A lot of them were very, very depressed.\n\nKURTZ: How did they manage?\n\nSTORCH: They just . . . Most of them . . . They were in . . . You'd be surprised\nhow many . . . They just touched the wires and that's it. Yes, that was the only ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=3390.0,3420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/transcript/20892/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"rescue.\n\nKURTZ: Did people try to escape besides those that committed suicide that way?\n\nSTORCH: With us, there was no way to escape. One time, one did try, and they\njust shot her right there. There was no way. You couldn't because we didn't know\nwhere we were, actually, because they took us from one place to another.\nCouldn't even see through our window where we going.\n\nKURTZ: If you got out, you wouldn't know where you were?\n\nSTORCH: No. As a matter of fact, we just went ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=3420.0,3450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/transcript/20892/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"like . . . When our trains were\nbombarded, we just took one side. If we had gone to the other side we would be\ndead. We didn't figure out this.\n\nKURTZ: Dora, do you remember being able to laugh or having any humorous\nexperiences while you were in the camp?\n\nSTORCH: No, to us was nothing. We ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=3450.0,3480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/transcript/20892/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were talking a lot. We could sit down. First\nof all, we were not allowed to be in groups. We were just sitting and talking.\nWe were talking about the families, and what would happen when everything be\nover, what's going to happen, and we go back to our families, and some talk\nabout their children, and that's the only thing. Otherwise, it was nothing. We\ndidn't do ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=3480.0,3510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/transcript/20892/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"nothing exciting, nothing that would amuse us.\n\nKURTZ: Was their singing or anything?\n\nSTORCH: Yes, we were singing. But the voices! I'm telling you . . . they could\ngo to Hollywood with voices like that.\n\nKURTZ: Did that help keep your spirits lifted?\n\nSTORCH: Yes. We didn't have much time for it, because we did work and we came\nback to the camp. We had to wash the couple ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=3510.0,3540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/transcript/20892/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"things what we had on because one\nthing, you got to keep yourself clean. If not, that would be the worst. We were\nafraid of that because a lot of bugs, lice . . . you could see that.\n\nKURTZ: Now what kind of work do you do in the camp at Torgau?\n\nSTORCH: I just worked with the . . .\n\nKURTZ: The bombs?\n\nSTORCH: . . . the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=3540.0,3570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/transcript/20892/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"bombs. Yes. I put them into a machine and they were all\nwatching us. Everybody had to do certain kind of work. Just put them in the\nmachine. That was rolling and then goes to the next one.\n\nKURTZ: An assembly line?\n\nSTORCH: Yes, assembly line.\n\nKURTZ: Working with bombs, did you ever think about any ideas of sabotage?\n\nSTORCH: No. I actually didn't know the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=3570.0,3600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/transcript/20892/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"meaning of them. I've never seen them\nbefore but that's what we were told. That's what we had to do. If I would know\nthat I could help or to escape to do something useful, I might do it. I would\nhave done it.\n\nKURTZ: None of the other women had any thoughts of saying, \"Here we're working\nwith bombs, maybe we can do something like blow up the factory or something?\"\n\nSTORCH: No. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=3600.0,3630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/transcript/20892/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Maybe it would be a camp where men would be. Usually ideas like this\nwould get from men, but we were young kids and women. European women are\ndifferent than American women. They don't take much chances. We just thought,\n\"Okay we going to live through. We going to live through.\" Just like they took\neverybody away from us, we still believing with ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=3630.0,3660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/transcript/20892/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"imaginations we'll see them\nright after the war. Finally when we were liberated, we were in Frankfurt,\nGermany. We went into a house, first empty house we could because the SS people\nthey run away at the time because the Russians took off of them. We were\nliberated from the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=3660.0,3690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/transcript/20892/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Russians, so we went into a house. Food was on the stove\ncooking--meats, all kind of stuff. My sister, of course, she was older and\nwiser, she took that whole . . . the food--with big pots and pans--and she threw\nit away. She threw it away. She said, \"No, you're not going to eat that.\" She\ncooked for us. We ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=3690.0,3720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/transcript/20892/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"found Farina and very, very light things to eat. That was\nreally a blessing. My husband's brother died from typhoid after the war because\nthey ate . . . too much. They couldn't . . .\n\nKURTZ: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=3720.0,3750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/transcript/20892/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Let me ask you another question. If you got sick while you were in camp,\nwas that it for you, was it automatically over?\n\nSTORCH: Most of the time, yes. But, for instance, when I was got hit in my foot,\nI was in the . . . it's like a clinic. I was there two days, that's all. If it's\nlonger than two days, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=3750.0,3780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/transcript/20892/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"then they got you out, they sent you away. So it doesn't\nmatter how sick you were, you didn't want to be sick.\n\nKURTZ: Two days you were . . .\n\nSTORCH: That's right. That's it. You just didn't . . . it doesn't matter, you\ncan have a fever 103 degrees, 104 . . . it doesn't matter. You just went along\nto work because you were afraid something will happen to you. They will get you.\n\nKURTZ: Did you receive any dental ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=3780.0,3810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/transcript/20892/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"care?\n\nSTORCH: Dental care? My G-d, no.\n\nKURTZ: Did they search your teeth for gold?\n\nSTORCH: Yes, sure. They took out . . . Those that were the people who were in\nthe crematorium, afterwards they . . .\n\nKURTZ: When you came into the camp, they didn't check if you had gold teeth or anything?\n\nSTORCH: No, not in the camps. That was just in Auschwitz-Birkenau.\n\nKURTZ: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=3810.0,3840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/transcript/20892/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Were any medical experiments carried out in your camp?\n\nSTORCH: Not that I know of. No, not in my camp.\n\nKURTZ: What was the worst experience you had in the camps?\n\nSTORCH: My worst experience . . . just one experience. If you go outside and you\nsee those dead people, but you talk to them the night before and you ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=3840.0,3870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/transcript/20892/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were so\nclose with them, you were laying in the beds next to them, and you could see the\ncharring of the bodies, black. Couldn't be worse than that. It couldn't be\nworse. A child was screaming, \"My mother,\" and she was the one. Sisters . . .\nOne sister just went up. She just couldn't . . . A lot of people were ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=3870.0,3900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/transcript/20892/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"just\ndepressed a lot. They just didn't know what to do with themselves. They just\nwanted to put an end to their lives, and that's the way they pick. That's what\nthey did.\n\nKURTZ: You told me when the Allies or the Americans bombed the train. Was that\nthe first sign that the war was ending or the war was over?\n\nSTORCH: No, we didn't know it. We didn't know because ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=3900.0,3930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/transcript/20892/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if there's bombs then it's\nstill a war's going on. But that was almost the end. It was the end. Of course,\nthey didn't know we were in the trains. We were in there. They didn't know. If\nthey would know, I'm sure they wouldn't do it. That was . . . then we just went\nour separate ways.\n\nKURTZ: Did you have any idea how the war was going for ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=3930.0,3960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/transcript/20892/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Germany?\n\nSTORCH: No, we didn't know nothing. We had no communications, we had no papers,\nno radio, no nothing. No, we didn't know the date. We didn't know unless we\nasked the one who manages. They knew. Otherwise, we didn't know. We lived like animals.\n\nKURTZ: What was your physical condition at the end of the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=3960.0,3990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/transcript/20892/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"war?\n\nSTORCH: I was . . . My physical condition wasn't too bad. I just had problems\nwith my back. That's the only thing. Otherwise, it wasn't too bad. I looked ugly\nwith my yellow face and red hair. I just got adjusted to living, and that's it.\n\nKURTZ: How about your ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=3990.0,4020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/transcript/20892/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"mental state?\n\nSTORCH: I was kind of depressed. At nights I couldn't sleep. I thought, \"Okay,\nmaybe my father's here.\" My mother I knew already where she was. \"Maybe my\nbrother's here, and my sister's there.\" As a matter fact, I went back to my\nhometown to see if I would find ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=4020.0,4050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/transcript/20892/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"somebody in my family, which this was really\nridiculous. I couldn't find anybody.\n\nKURTZ: This is after you came to Frankfurt? Then you went back to Lodz?\n\nSTORCH: Right, yes. I went back. I don't know. About a week just to get back. We\nwere on the trains with the coals on top of it, and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=4050.0,4080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/transcript/20892/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"just everything . . .\n\nKURTZ: You never really found out for sure about your sister or your father,\nother than just . . .\n\nSTORCH: No. That's what it was. I'm sure they would be alive, we would find each other.\n\nKURTZ: Were you in a displaced persons camp?\n\nSTORCH: No. When we came to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=4080.0,4110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/transcript/20892/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Germany, we lived in a little house with a German\nfamily. It was a lot of American people--not American people, the soldiers only.\nThey got rid of the Germans and we stayed in the house with the soldiers, with\nAmerican families . . . a project. It was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=4110.0,4140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/transcript/20892/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"beautiful, very nice. We met wonderful\npeople there.\n\nKURTZ: This is in Germany, in Frankfurt?\n\nSTORCH: Yes. No, that was in Bamberg because I didn't go back to Frankfurt. When\nI was in Lodz, and my . . . two sisters, another set of sisters what we were\nalso kept together, were from Ozorkow. I went ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=4140.0,4170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/transcript/20892/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to visit them. Then I met Marty there.\n\nKURTZ: In Ozorkow? He was back in Ozorkow after the war?\n\nSTORCH: Yes. His story's much nicer than mine, I'll tell you. It's funny.\nAfterwards, when we got married . . . In 1945, we got married. The same night,\nwe went to Germany. His ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=4170.0,4200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/transcript/20892/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"brother found out that he's alive. Somebody told him\nbefore that he's not alive, that he's dead. He was with his cousin on his way--I\ndon't know where they went--and one guy was sitting there. They were talking\nabout . . . and he said his name, who he was. He says, \"Now wait a minute, I was\nin camp with so and so,\" He says, \"What are you talking about? That's my\nbrother!\" He came to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=4200.0,4230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/transcript/20892/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Poland to find him. He found him and so he says, \"Okay, you\ncan't . . . Come on. Let's go. I'm waiting for you.\" He already lived in\nGermany, Jack. He says, \"Uh-uh. I'm not going.\" He got somebody there. We got\nmarried then and then we went to Germany.\n\nKURTZ: Do you ever talk about your war experiences ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=4230.0,4260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/transcript/20892/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"besides this evening?\n\nSTORCH: No, not much. In the beginning, I used to, some people were very much so\ninterested for me to talk about. I told them, of course, not too much--just a\nlittle bit about my experience. But if I would like to talk about it, I don't\nthink ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=4260.0,4290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/transcript/20892/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so.\n\nKURTZ: What did you communicate to your children about the Holocaust?\n\nSTORCH: When my children were old enough to understand, I took one at a\ntime--not with all of them together, just one at a time--and I noticed which one\nis more interested to know about it or which ones would be bothered--I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=4290.0,4320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/transcript/20892/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"mean,\ncouldn't take it. Tell a little bit and then you wait a few months, a year, come\nout with some more. That's exactly what I did. It worked. Some just . . . They\nare afraid to hear things. Some think, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=4320.0,4350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/transcript/20892/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"Listen what we went through . . .\" What\ntheir parents went through, it just . . . they don't . . . I'm sometimes the\nsame way. If I had a thought, something happened, I just don't want to think\nabout it. Maybe it will go away. If I experience with a sickness, in my family\nor whatever, I say, \"I just couldn't believe it.\" At night, I just don't want to\ntalk. I don't want to think about it. I told them. They know ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=4350.0,4380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/transcript/20892/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"more or less. They know.\n\nKURTZ: Do you think another Holocaust is possible?\n\nSTORCH: It's possible if we won't be careful and help it. If we won't be careful\n. . . Now what goes on is just a shame. We got to have a lot young people to be\naware what goes on, what went on, and watch ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=4380.0,4410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/transcript/20892/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"out.\n\nKURTZ: How does the war now affect you on a daily basis or does it affect you on\nan ongoing basis?\n\nSTORCH: The war?\n\nKURTZ: The whole experience of the war.\n\nSTORCH: We live with it. I'll never forget. I'm trying to, but it's not such a\nthing. You can't forget. You just live with it. You're . . . Maybe a little less\nthan it was in the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=4410.0,4440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/transcript/20892/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"beginning, but it still it's in your mind. You still, you\nthink, \"Okay, look what our children are missing. Where are the grandparents?\"\nNow we realize . . . We are grandparents. I see just my feeling towards my\ngrandchild, \"Where were our parents?\" That was really the best part of their\nlife, to be a grandparent. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=4440.0,4470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/transcript/20892/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They didn't have it. As a matter of fact, when Mary\nwas little, everybody has grandparents, everybody has uncles, aunts . . . It\nwent on and she came home one day--she was about maybe three years old--\"Why\neverybody has a grandmother and a grandfather, I don't?\" I had a neighbor--this\nI'll never forget--she came, she said, \"Please, I'll adopt her. Just tell her\nthat I'm her ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=4470.0,4500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/transcript/20892/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"grandmother,\" and she sure did. She called her 'Grandmother,' and\nevery little thing she had, she would say, \"I want to go to my grandma.\" They\ndidn't have that feeling. This what our children are missing. Maybe they can't\nexpress themselves, but they can show the feelings. It's in their mind. That's\nwhat they're missing. They're missing to be spoiled, I'm telling you.\n\nKURTZ: Do you think studying the Holocaust is ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=4500.0,4530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/transcript/20892/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"important today?\n\nSTORCH: Very much so. I think you're doing a marvelous job. Don't let go.\n\nKURTZ: Tell me why you think it's important.\n\nSTORCH: It's important just to be alive. The whole thing, I mean, just to keep\nthe whole thing alive, not to die down. Because we don't know what's going to\nbring, what goes on. Believe me here, it's just a shame that something like this\ncould happen to a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=4530.0,4560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/transcript/20892/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"beautiful country like United States. We had really\nopportunities here. Now you have the Klu Klux, you have all kinds that stuff.\nIt's just . . . It's really, really sad in Israel. Just here in the United\nStates, \"the Jews, and the Jews, and Jews . . .\" That's all you hear.\n\nKURTZ: Has your experience as a survivor influenced your feelings about ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=4560.0,4590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/transcript/20892/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Israel?\nHow has it influenced . . .\n\nSTORCH: Yes. I am more interested for Israel's survival then I would be . . . I\ndon't know. Maybe in Europe, if I would get old, I would be just as much. I am\nvery much so interested because I know I want to have . . . We want to have a\nJewish state, somebody we'll know where to belong.\n\nKURTZ: Dora, we appreciate ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=4590.0,4620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/transcript/20892/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it and feel it's very important. I know it's very\ndifficult what you did this evening. I'd like to . . .\n\nSTORCH: I'm glad I can help.\n\nKURTZ: Thank you. I'd like to ask you if there's anything else that you'd like\nto add beyond what we discussed.\n\nSTORCH: Just keep on doing the job what you can do, that's all, and don't let\ngo. Just keep on, because if you won't do it, I don't see many people who would\ndo as much as you could ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=4620.0,4650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/transcript/20892/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"do. Just do it, because it's important.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=4650.0,4680.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/annotation_set/248","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Annotations [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/annotation_set/248/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLodz [Polish: Łódź] was a large textile manufacturing city and Jewish cultural center about 75 miles from Warsaw, Poland. Lodz was approximately 230 kilometers (143 miles) east of the German border. Jews were an integral part of the textile industry of Lodz. Jews owned many plants and factories in Lodz, including one of the largest in Europe. On the eve of World War II, Lodz had a population of 665,000, of whom 34 percent (223,000) were Jews. Lodz also had a sizable German population, amounting to 10 percent of the total. The Germans occupied Lodz on September 8, 1939 and renamed it “Litzmannstadt.”\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=90.0,120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/annotation_set/248/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRakhel’s married last name was Hubel. Her son’s name was Shmuel. They lived in Lotch, Poland before the war. Her husband’s name is unknown.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=120.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/annotation_set/248/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAuschwitz-Birkenau was a network of camps built and operated by Germany just outside the Polish town of Oswiecem (renamed ‘Auschwitz’ by the Germans) in Polish areas annexed by Germany during World War II. It is estimated that the SS and police deported at a minimum 1.3 million people (approximately 1.1 million of which were Jews) to the Auschwitz-Birkenau complex between 1940 and 1945. Camp authorities murdered 1.1 million of these prisoners.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=150.0,180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/annotation_set/248/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAn initial selection process took place upon arrival in Auschwitz-Birkenau. Selection (German: \u003cem\u003eSelektion\u003c/em\u003e) is the term the Nazi regime used to describe the process of choosing victims for the gas chambers in the extermination camps by separating them from those considered fit to work. In Auschwitz-Birkenau, selections took place on three railroad unloading platforms, or ramps. The selection procedure carried out on the ramps was as follows: families were divided after leaving the train cars and all the people were lined up in two columns. The men and older boys were in one column, and the women and children of both sexes in the other. Next, the people were led to the camp doctors and other camp functionaries conducting selection. They judged the people standing before them on sight and, sometimes eliciting a brief declaration as to their age and occupation, decided whether they would live or die. Age was one of the principal criteria for selection. As a rule, all children below 16 years of age (from 1944, below 14) and the elderly were sent to die. As a statistical average, about 20% of the people in transports were chosen for labor. They were led into the camp and registered as prisoners. The remainder was killed in the gas chambers. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=180.0,210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/annotation_set/248/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe antisemitic atmosphere increased in Poland during the 1930’s. At the universities, Jews experienced discrimination and exclusion. Unofficial quotas restricting Jewish enrollment to around 10 percent was introduced at some universities. Jewish students often endured harassment. Most were required to sit in segregated areas of the classroom known as “ghetto benches” [Polish: \u003cem\u003egetto ławkowe\u003c/em\u003e]. There was physical violence as well. Right-wing students frequently assaulted their Jewish classmates. In Lodz, organized attacks wounded and killed Jews in April 1933, May 1934 and in September 1935. An economic boycott of Jewish businesses was in full force by 1937. At Wealthy Jews were arrested in 1938 and guards were placed outside Jewish shops to prevent non-Jewish customers from entering them. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=390.0,420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/annotation_set/248/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWorld War II officially began in Europe when Germany invaded Poland on September 1, 1939.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=480.0,510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/annotation_set/248/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAn abbreviation of \u003cem\u003eGeheime Staatspolizei\u003c/em\u003e, which means “Secret State Police.”  It was established in 1934 and placed under Heinrich Himmler.  With virtually unlimited powers, it was highly feared. The \u003cem\u003eGestapo\u003c/em\u003e acted to oppress and persecute Jews and other opponents of the Nazis, including rounding up Jews throughout Europe for deportation to extermination camps.  \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=510.0,540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/annotation_set/248/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ePesach\u003c/em\u003e [Hebrew: Passover] is an eight-day holiday that celebrates the anniversary of Israel’s liberation from Egyptian bondage. Unleavened bread, matzah, is eaten in memory of the unleavened bread prepared by the Israelite during their hasty flight from Egypt, when they had not time to wait for the dough to rise. On the first two nights of Passover, the \u003cem\u003eseder\u003c/em\u003e, the central event of the holiday is celebrated. The \u003cem\u003eseder\u003c/em\u003e service is one of the most colorful and joyous occasions in Jewish life. In 1940, Pesach lasted from April 23 until April 29.  \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=570.0,600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/annotation_set/248/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOn December 10, 1939, a ghetto was established. It was to be established on 4.13 square kilometers (almost 1.6 square miles) in the northern neighborhoods of Baluty, Stare Miastro (Old Town), and Marysin. The ghetto was publically announced in February 1940. Jews were to move in by April 19 and Poles and ethnic Germans were to move out of the neighborhoods by the end of April. In March and April 1940, the Germans encircled the ghetto with a barbed wire and wooden fence. On April 30, the gates closed on its 163,777 residents.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=660.0,690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/annotation_set/248/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIn the Lodz ghetto, a system of food cards was introduced. They were used to divide food supplied to the ghetto by the German authorities. Ghetto inhabitants stood in line for hours on end to receive their meager food rations. Distribution of different foods took place in different locations throughout the ghetto. Bread and other food were distributed only once every few days and families were forced to make do with what was distributed until the next food distribution. This policy required careful rationing among families.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=690.0,720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/annotation_set/248/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDora is likely referring to the over 41,000 Jews who were also consolidated in the Lodz ghetto from the fall of 1941: 2,900 came from the Kujawy region; 18,000 to 18,500 came from localities near Lodz; and 19,954 arrived from Prague, Vienna, Luxembourg, Berlin, Dusseldorf, Emden, Frankfurt, Hamburg and Cologne.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=870.0,900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/annotation_set/248/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWest European Jews, in particular, found adjusting to the ghetto’s economic realities difficult. About half never found jobs. West European Jews were also overrepresented among the tens of thousands who died in the ghetto from starvation and disease. About 50 percent of the deaths between October 1941 and May 1942 were West European Jews.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=870.0,900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/annotation_set/248/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEstablished in 1892, the Lodz Jewish Cemetery (also known as the “New Jewish Cemetery” and commonly referred to as the “cemetery at Marysin”) was once the largest Jewish cemetery in Poland and one of the largest in the world. It was enclosed in the western portion of the ghetto. The cemetery remained in use during the ghetto’s existence and largely survived the war. A second, smaller cemetery was also enclosed in the eastern portion of the ghetto. The Old Jewish Cemetery had been established in 1811 but few people were buried there after the New Jewish Cemetery had been established. During the war, some of the headstones were pulled down and, by the 1960’s, it had been entirely covered over by developers.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=960.0,990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/annotation_set/248/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eConditions in the Lodz ghetto declined rapidly. In the first months of the ghetto’s existence, daily food rations equaled about 1,800 calories per person. By mid-1942, they had decreased to 600 calories. Most Jews subsisted on a daily bowl of watery cabbage or potato soup, a piece of bread, and a small evening snack of radish greens of potato peels. Paltry heating rations meant most residents did not have heating or hot water for bathing and laundry. The poor conditions contributed to outbreaks of typhus and dysentery. In 1942, the annual death toll in the ghetto peaked at 18,000. Overall, 45,327 people died in the ghetto.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=1020.0,1050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/annotation_set/248/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTuberculosis (commonly known simply as “TB”) is a potentially fatal contagious disease that mainly affects the lungs.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=1110.0,1140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/annotation_set/248/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBetween January 1, 1943 and March 31, 1943, German SS and police authorities deported approximately 105,000 Jews from Lodz to Auschwitz-Birkenau.  The first major deportation from Lodz took place from December 21, 1941 through May 15, 1942. A total of 57,064 people were sent to Chelmno. A major deportation \u003cem\u003eAktion\u003c/em\u003e took place on September 1-2 and 5-12, 1942. 15,682 children, elderly and infirm Jews were sent to their deaths at Chelmno. In the spring of 1944, the Nazis decided to destroy the Lodz ghetto. By then, Lodz was the last remaining ghetto in Poland, with a population of approximately 75,000 Jews in May 1944. In June and July 1944 the Germans resumed deportations. By August 1944 the ghetto had been completely liquidated. Some Jews were sent to a temporarily re-opened Chelmno and murdered. Most were sent to Auschwitz-Birkenau. Some Jews were kept to clean out the ghetto and when the Russians liberated the city in January 1945 only about 900 Jews were still alive. Another 10,000 to 20,000 survived in concentration camps. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=1140.0,1170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/annotation_set/248/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe \u003cem\u003eSS\u003c/em\u003e or \u003cem\u003eSchutzstaffel\u003c/em\u003e was a major paramilitary organization under Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party. It began at the end of 1920 as a small, permanent guard unit known as the “\u003cem\u003eSaal-Schutz\u003c/em\u003e” made up of Nazi Party volunteers to provide security for party meetings in Munich. Later, in 1925, Heinrich Himmler joined the unit, which had by then been reformed and renamed the “\u003cem\u003eSchutz-Staffel\u003c/em\u003e.” Under Himmler’s leadership, it grew from a small paramilitary formation to one of the largest and most powerful organizations in the Third Reich. Under Himmler’s command, it was responsible for many of the crimes against humanity during World War II. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=1200.0,1230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/annotation_set/248/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe first mass deportations from the Warsaw, Poland ghetto began in July 1942. In just ten days, nearly 65,000 Jews were deported. They were told they were being resettled to the east to work but instead they were transported to Treblinka death camp where they were murdered. A second major wave of deportation started in January 1943. By this time, most of the Jews knew what had happened to those deported before them and they did not go voluntarily to the trains, but instead hid in bunkers and a number of armed Jews opened fire on SS guards leading a deportation column. This resistance surprised the Germans who could no longer move through the ghetto without resistance or fill the trains quickly and efficiently and the deportations were discontinued until April 19, 1943. This time the entire ghetto was to be liquidated. Stiff resistance met the Germans and again they temporarily withdrew, but returned in full force with 850 soldiers, tanks and armored cars. The Germans literally destroyed the ghetto building-by-building, block-by-block, burning and demolishing the ghetto one street at a time. The resistance continued for three weeks until May 8, 1943.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=1290.0,1320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/annotation_set/248/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDespite grim living conditions, the Lodz ghetto sustained a variety of cultural activities. Religious observance continued until September 1942. Poets, writers and musicians presented works in soup kitchens and at a cultural hall. The cultural events enabled individuals to forget their isolation, hunger, and despair for a time.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=1320.0,1350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/annotation_set/248/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eApproximately 13,00 people were sent to 160 forced labor camps from Lodz, primarily in Poznan, building the \u003cem\u003eautobahn\u003c/em\u003e [German highway system]. The Germans also often captured men for forced labor or the Judenrat would supply workers. Forced labor involved backbreaking work such as street cleaning, repairing the roads, draining swampy fields, or digging trenches and canals. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=1350.0,1380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/annotation_set/248/annotation/177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIn October 1940, authorities began to develop workshops in the ghetto. By July 1942, there were 74 ghetto workshops. Some 90 percent of all production was for the \u003cem\u003eWehrmacht\u003c/em\u003e [German army]. German department stores placed most of the remaining orders. Over 53,000 workers labored 10 to 14 hours a day in poorly ventilated, overcrowded workshops. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=1380.0,1410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/annotation_set/248/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eUntil the September 1942 deportations, health services in the ghetto functioned relatively normally with seven hospitals and multiple pharmacies, clinics and emergency rooms.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=1380.0,1410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/annotation_set/248/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMordechai Chaim Rumkowski (1877-1944) was a Polish Jew, engineer and wartime businessman appointed by Nazi Germany as the head of the \u003cem\u003eJudenrat\u003c/em\u003e in the Lodz Ghetto during the German occupation of Poland in World War II. Rumkowski is a controversial figure: some see him as a savior and others call him a willing German collaborator. Rumkowski voluntarily surrendered tens of thousands of Jews to certain death on the German’s demand, including women and children, based on his belief that if the Jews cooperated with the Germans and if Jewish labor became indispensable, at least some of them would be saved.  \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=1410.0,1440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/annotation_set/248/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTo assist in managing the large communities within ghettos, German authorities installed a hierarchy of Jewish administrative units under their control. The \u003cem\u003eJudenrat\u003c/em\u003e or \u003cem\u003eÄltestenrat\u003c/em\u003e was a Council of Jewish leaders established in the various ghettos and Jewish communities of Nazi-occupied Europe. They were installed to manage the communities and provide the Germans with forced laborers. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=1440.0,1470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/annotation_set/248/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA \u003cem\u003eJudischer Ordnungsdienst\u003c/em\u003e [German: Jewish Ghetto Police; also known as the OD] was established by the Germans to keep order in occupied areas and often were responsible for rounding up Jews selected for forced labor or deportation. They were often referred them to as the “Jewish Police.” \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=1470.0,1500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/annotation_set/248/annotation/182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eForced to implement Nazi policy, the Jewish councils remain a controversial and delicate subject. Jewish council chairmen had to decide whether to comply or refuse to comply with German demands to, for example, list names of Jews for deportation. Some Jewish council officials advocated compliance, believing that cooperation would ensure the survival of at least a portion of the population. The members of the Jewish councils faced impossible moral dilemmas. Often forgotten in the debates over the culpability of the Jewish councils and the Jewish police are the efforts of many Jewish council members and officials in their employ to provide a variety of social, economic, and cultural services under the brutal and difficult conditions in the ghettos.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=1500.0,1530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/annotation_set/248/annotation/183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAuschwitz II (also known as Auschwitz-Birkenau or simply Birkenau) had the largest total prisoner population in the camp complex. It was divided into more than a dozen sections for women, men, \u003cem\u003eRoma\u003c/em\u003e (Gypsies), and a family camp for Jewish families deported from the Theresienstadt ghetto. Auschwitz-Birkenau also contained the facilities for a killing center, which continued gassing operations until November 1944. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=1530.0,1560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/annotation_set/248/annotation/184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSS guards supervised registration processes like hair being shaved, however another prisoner would have performed the actual job of shaving the new arrivals.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=1560.0,1590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/annotation_set/248/annotation/185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIt is likely Dora is referring to the process of being registered as a prisoner upon arrival at Auschwitz-Birkenau. Part of the process involved showering before being shaved, deloused and given new clothing. It is very unlikely she would have been allowed outside for fainting and escaped the gas chambers. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=1590.0,1620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/annotation_set/248/annotation/186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSome 2,306 children were born in the Lodz ghetto during its existence. The incident Dora is referring to occurred on September 1, 1942, as part of a major Aktion. Three Jewish hospitals in the ghetto—Lagiewnicka, Drenowska and Wesola Streets—were surrounded and brutally emptied by the Germans. The children’s hospital on Lagiewnicka Street was four stories tall and the Germans, rather than walking up and down the stairs with the children, just threw them out the window to the street below. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=1770.0,1800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/annotation_set/248/annotation/187","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThere were three well-known synagogues in Lodz. The orthodox synagogue, the \u003cem\u003eAlte Shul\u003c/em\u003e [Polish: Old Town] or the \u003cem\u003eStara\u003c/em\u003e [Polish: old] synagogue, was a tall, very beautiful wooden structure that opened in 1860. The Great Synagogue [Polish: \u003cem\u003eWielka Synagoga\u003c/em\u003e; often referred to as ‘The Temple’) was a reform synagogue that opened in 1881. At the time, it was the largest structure in the heart of the city. A third synagogue, the \u003cem\u003eVilker Shul\u003c/em\u003e, was opened in 1899. All three were completely burned and demolished after the German occupation of Lodz.  \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=1950.0,1980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/annotation_set/248/annotation/188","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIt is unclear when the incidents Dora refers to occurred but upon occupying Lodz on September 8, 1939, the Germans unleashed three months of sustained anti-Jewish violence. Hangings and killings occurred frequently in the ghetto as well.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=2040.0,2070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/annotation_set/248/annotation/189","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eKosher/\u003cem\u003eKashrut\u003c/em\u003e is the set of Jewish dietary laws that dictate how food is prepared or served and which kinds of foods or animals can be eaten. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=2130.0,2160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/annotation_set/248/annotation/190","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRescuing or helping Jews was extremely difficult and dangerous. In an attempt to discourage Poles from helping the Jews and to destroy any efforts of the resistance, the Germans applied a ruthless retaliation policy, which included the death penalty for the entire family or household of anyone who concealed a Jew. It is estimated that the Germans may have killed tens of thousands of Poles for aiding Jews. Poles who helped Jews \"in any way” (including simply selling goods or food to Jews) risked execution or imprisonment in labor and concentration camps. In addition to the terror instilled by the Germans, antisemitism and conflicting political loyalties among Poland’s ethnically diverse population made the fear of denunciation too great for many Poles to risk helping Jews. The inadequacy of food rations further limited the ability of many Poles to provide assistance. Nonetheless, Poles constitute the largest national group within the Righteous Among the Nations recognized by Yad Vashem. As of January 1, 2016, Yad Vashem has recognized 6,620 Poles. There is no official number of how many Polish Jews were hidden by their Christian countrymen during wartime, although estimates are that between 30,000 to 35,000 Jews (or one percent of Polish Jews) were saved with the help of non-Jewish Poles.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=2160.0,2190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/annotation_set/248/annotation/191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTorgau is a town in eastern Germany near Leipzig. Elsnig is a town located about 8 kilometers (5 miles) to the north of Torgau Labor camps were established in both towns in the fall of 1944. The camps were relatively small subcamps of Buchenwald. They were established to house female prisoners used for munitions production. The prisoners worked for the Westfälisch-Anhaltische Sprengstoff-Actien-Gesellschaft (WASAG) and its chemical plant in Elsnig. Dora seems to have been housed in Elsnig but worked in Torgau. Elsnig was relatively small and surrounded by electrified barbwire. It consisted of several wooden barracks, a wash barracks, kitchen and infirmary. The first prisoners arrived on October 10, 1944. They were 750 Polish Jewish women from Bergen-Belsen who had previously been in Polish ghettos and Auschwitz-Birkenau. Twelve SS men and 26 female overseers guarded the prisoners. An electrified barbed-wire fence also surrounded the camp at Torgau. The buildings consisted of a brick building, some barracks and a few support buildings, which included an infirmary, kitchen barracks, tailor and a wash building. Twenty-five female overseers who had worked in local industries and had been sent to Ravensbruck for a short training course watched the prisoners. Some survivors describe foreman who would scream and beat the prisoners.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=2220.0,2250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/annotation_set/248/annotation/192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFrom March 1945, as a result of the lack of supplies and the approach of the Allied troops, work ceased in Torgau. Some of the women were then used to drag boxes of dynamite into underground bunkers in the forests around Torgau.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=2220.0,2250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/annotation_set/248/annotation/193","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIn Torgau, the women worked in two shifts producing bombs and grenades and cleaning unexploded ordnance. This was a dangerous activity in and of itself but the chemicals used to wash the inside of the bombs damaged the women’s lungs and skin. The women who worked in the chemical factory in Elsnig produced explosive materials used in bombs and grenades. The women were exposed to poisonous and acidic substances, with no protective clothing provided. On contact, the TNT (trinitrotoluene) the women produced caused irritated the skin, turning it a bright yellow-orange color. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=2310.0,2340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/annotation_set/248/annotation/194","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA transport of 250 women from Auschwitz-Birkenau arrived at Torgau on November 18, 1944. Some of them were so weak they were fed bread, margarine, jam, sausage and twice daily soup for two weeks just to get them to the point where they could work. The accommodations were relatively clean and the women were allowed to sing and organize cultural activities. When the women began to work, the food diminished in quantity.  They were given only soup while they worked and bread once a week.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=2520.0,2550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/annotation_set/248/annotation/195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWork in Torgau and Elsnig ceased in March 1945 as a result of lack of supplies and the advance of the Allies. Conditions worsened. In early to mid-April, the evacuation of the camps began. The women were either taken in goods wagons or passenger trains in the direction of Ravensbruck. On April 20, 1945, the train was caught in an Allied air raid on Potsdam. Along the way, Allied bombers attacked the train. Many women were killed. The soldiers disappeared and the few women who survived escaped from the train, hiding in empty houses and in a nearby forest.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=2970.0,3000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/annotation_set/248/annotation/196","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFrankfurt is a central German city on the Main River. It is the largest financial center in continental Europe. Prior to World War II, Frankfurt was notable as having the largest timber-framed old town in Europe, but much of the city was destroyed during the war and rebuilt afterward. Following a four-day struggle, the city was brought under American control on 29 March, 1944; however, small sporadic fighting continued until 4 April.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=3180.0,3210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/annotation_set/248/annotation/197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAfter Germany's defeat in the Second World War, the four main allies in Europe—the United States, Great Britain, the Soviet Union, and France—took part in a joint occupation of the German state. The Allies agreed to a joint occupation of the nation's capital, Berlin, with each country taking charge of a sector. Upon British insistence, France joined Great Britain and the United States in the occupation of West Germany and West Berlin, while the Soviet Union managed the affairs of East Germany and East Berlin. The American military government, which administered American-occupied Germany, was headquartered in Frankfurt.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=3180.0,3210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/annotation_set/248/annotation/198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSachsenhausen was established as the principal concentration camp for the Berlin area in Germany. It was located near Oranienburg, Germany. At the beginning of 1945, there were approximately 11,100 Jewish prisoners. Soviet forces liberated the camp on April 22, 1945.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=3240.0,3270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/annotation_set/248/annotation/199","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eYom Kippur\u003c/em\u003e [Hebrew for ‘Day of Atonement’] is the most sacred day of the Jewish year. \u003cem\u003eYom Kippur\u003c/em\u003e is a 25-hour fast day. Most of the day is spent in prayer, reciting \u003cem\u003eyizkor\u003c/em\u003e for deceased relatives, confessing sins, requesting divine forgiveness, and listening to \u003cem\u003eTorah\u003c/em\u003e readings and sermons. People greet each other with the wish that they may be sealed in the heavenly book for a good year ahead. The day ends with the blowing of the \u003cem\u003eshofar\u003c/em\u003e (a ram’s horn). \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=3330.0,3360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/annotation_set/248/annotation/200","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFarina is a form of milled wheat often prepared as hot cereal. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=3720.0,3750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/annotation_set/248/annotation/201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMarty Storch was one of four sons and two daughters. During the war, the family was separated but two of his older brothers [Isak (Jack) and Volek (Will)] remained together. As the Allied forces advanced in the winter of 1944, Jack and Will were among the prisoners at Auschwitz-Birkenau forced on a Death March. They managed to escape and fled into the Black Forest—a mountainous region in southwest Germany, bordering France. Three weeks later, French troops liberated them, but Will died on May 1, 1945. Marty’s story is available from the Cuba Family Archives of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum at \u003ca href=\"https://www.thebreman.org/Research/Cuba-Family-Archives/Oral-Histories/ArticleType/ArticleView/%20ArticleID/1897\"\u003ehttps://www.thebreman.org/Research/Cuba-Family-Archives/Oral-Histories/ArticleType/ArticleView/ ArticleID/1897\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=3720.0,3750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/annotation_set/248/annotation/202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eUnder guard, prisoners were forced to haul the corpses from the gas chambers in extermination camps such as Auschwitz-Birkenau to a nearby room, where they removed hair, gold teeth, and fillings. The bodies were then burned in ovens in the crematoria or buried in mass graves.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=3810.0,3840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/annotation_set/248/annotation/203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDuring World War II, a number of German physicians conducted medical experiments on prisoners at many different concentration camps. They performed these studies without the consent of the victims, who suffered indescribable pain, mutilation, permanent disability, or, in many cases, death as a result. The unethical experiments carried out may be divided into three categories. One category consists of experiments aimed at facilitating the survival of Axis military personnel. In the second category, experiments were aimed at developing and testing treatment methods, including pharmaceuticals, for injuries or illnesses encountered in the field by German military personnel. The third category sought to advance the racial and ideological tenets of the Nazi Party’s worldview. Josef Mengele’s experiments at Auschwitz-Birkenau are perhaps the most infamous example of such experiments. The most notorious experiments involved freezing, high altitude, poison, tuberculosis, transplants, sterilization, artificial insemination, seawater, and experiments on twins.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=3840.0,3870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/annotation_set/248/annotation/204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWhen hostilities ended on May 8, 1945 in Europe, as many as 100,000 Jewish survivors found themselves among the 7,000,000 uprooted and homeless people classified as displaced persons (DPs). In a chaotic six-month period, 6,000,000 non-Jewish DPs, who had been deported to Germany as forced laborers for the Nazis, wandered through Germany and Eastern Europe toward their homelands. Military personnel and vehicles added to the throngs of people flooding roads and trains. Shortages of available fuel and damage from the war made travel even more difficult. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=4050.0,4080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/annotation_set/248/annotation/205","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBamberg is a historic city in central Germany, located on the Main River, approximately 55 kilometers (34 miles) north of Nuremberg. After World War II, Bamberg was one of the largest cities in the northernmost part of the American zone of Germany, close to the Soviet zone.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=4140.0,4170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/annotation_set/248/annotation/206","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOzorkow [Poland: Ozorków] is a town in central Poland, 26 kilometers (16 miles) north of Lodz. At the outbreak of World War II, the town had about 5,000 Jewish inhabitants. About half the Jewish population was sent to the Chelmno extermination camp in 1942, while about half were sent to the Lodz ghetto. After the war, close to 30 Jews lived in Ozorkow for a period of time.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=4140.0,4170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/annotation_set/248/annotation/207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMarty’s older brother, Jack, quickly reunited with a cousin, Rubin Lansky, at the end of the war. The two tracked down Marty soon after. Jack and Rubin’s stories are also available from the Cuba Family Archives of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=4200.0,4230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/annotation_set/248/annotation/208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Ku Klux Klan (or Knights of the Ku Klux Klan today) is a white supremacist, white nationalist, anti-immigration, anti-Jewish, anti-Catholic, anti-black secret society, whose methods included terrorism and murder.  It was founded in the South in the 1860’s and then died out and come back several times, most notably in the 1920’s when membership soared again, and then again in the 1960’s during the civil rights era.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=4560.0,4590.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/index/47355","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Storch, Dora [Index]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/index/47355/annotation/209","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Background Information","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=10.0,89.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/index/47355/annotation/210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Would you please state your full name please?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=10.0,89.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/index/47355/annotation/211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"World War II","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=10.0,89.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/index/47355/annotation/212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Growing Up","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=89.0,266.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/index/47355/annotation/213","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Where were you born?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=89.0,266.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/index/47355/annotation/214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lodz, Poland","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=89.0,266.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/index/47355/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Life Before the War","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=266.0,477.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/index/47355/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What did your father do for a living?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=266.0,477.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/index/47355/annotation/217","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Anti-Semitism","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Avraham Gutman","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Contractor","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Grammar School","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Kosher","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Miriam Gutman","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Peretz Gutman","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Religious","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ruchel Gutman","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Shaindla Gutman","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=266.0,477.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/index/47355/annotation/218","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"First Memories of the War","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=477.0,670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/index/47355/annotation/219","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Dora, tell me what your first memories are of the war. How old were you?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=477.0,670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/index/47355/annotation/220","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Family Possessions","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Gestapo","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lodz Ghetto","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Pesach","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Shaindla Gutman","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"World War II","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=477.0,670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/index/47355/annotation/221","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Working in the Lodz Ghetto","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=670.0,837.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/index/47355/annotation/222","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Going to the ghetto: When did that occur?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=670.0,837.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/index/47355/annotation/223","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Coffee Grind Hamburgers","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Fleishzentrum","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lodz Ghetto","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lodz, Poland","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Meat Company","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=670.0,837.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/index/47355/annotation/224","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When the German Soldiers Arrived","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=837.0,930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/index/47355/annotation/225","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Let's back up a little bit to when the German's came in. Before you went into the ghetto or the ghetto was formed, what were the things that went through your family's mind? Were there options that you considered?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=837.0,930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/index/47355/annotation/226","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"France","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"French Jews","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"German Soldiers","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lodz Ghetto","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Polish Jews","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=837.0,930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/index/47355/annotation/227","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Daily Routine in the Lodz Ghetto","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=930.0,1025.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/index/47355/annotation/228","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Tell me about the daily routine in the ghetto.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=930.0,1025.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/index/47355/annotation/229","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Cemetery","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lodz Ghetto","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Work","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=930.0,1025.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/index/47355/annotation/230","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Separating the Family","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=1025.0,1179.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/index/47355/annotation/231","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When were you separated?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=1025.0,1179.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/index/47355/annotation/232","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hospital","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Liquidation","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Peretz Gutman","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Russia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Tuberculosis","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=1025.0,1179.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/index/47355/annotation/233","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Taken to Auschwitz-Birkenau","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=1179.0,1279.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/index/47355/annotation/234","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They took us to a . . . That was when they took us to Auschwitz-Birkenau. When we went on the . . . trains, it was very, very, very\nbad. We were all packed . . .","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=1179.0,1279.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/index/47355/annotation/235","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Auschwitz-Birkenau Concentration Camp","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Cattle Trains","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Selection","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=1179.0,1279.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/index/47355/annotation/236","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Resistance, Communication, and Life in the Lodz Ghetto","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=1279.0,2070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/index/47355/annotation/237","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I have a couple more questions about the ghetto. Do you know if there was resistance in the ghetto?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=1279.0,2070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/index/47355/annotation/238","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Babies","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Chaim Rumkowski","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Communication","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Doctors","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Factories","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Food Rations","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish Police","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Judenrat","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Leadership","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lodz Ghetto","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Newspapers","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rabbis","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Religious Ceremonies","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Resistance","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Schutzstaffel - SS","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Selections","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Synagogues","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Work","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=1279.0,2070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/index/47355/annotation/239","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Religious Beliefs Affected by the Lodz Ghetto","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=2070.0,2217.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/index/47355/annotation/240","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"How were your religious beliefs affected by the ghetto experience?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=2070.0,2217.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/index/47355/annotation/241","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"God","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lodz Ghetto","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Religious Beliefs","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=2070.0,2217.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/index/47355/annotation/242","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Working in Concentration Camps","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=2217.0,2321.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/index/47355/annotation/243","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I was in Auschwitz-Birkenau. I was in Bergen-Belsen. I was in Torgau and Elsnig. I think that was the main we were. I worked in the . . . underground . . . We walked every single day eight miles both ways. At night we worked. ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=2217.0,2321.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/index/47355/annotation/244","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ammunition","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Auschwitz-Birkenau Concentration Camp","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Bergen-Belsen Concentration Camp","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Bombs","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Elsnig Concentration Camp","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Grenades","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Torgau Concentration Camp","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Working","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=2217.0,2321.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/index/47355/annotation/245","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Transported to Auschwitz-Birkenau and Losing Family","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=2321.0,2489.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/index/47355/annotation/246","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Were you part of a transport? Let's talk about Auschwitz-Birkenau, which was the first camp you came to. Were you or your family part of a transport to the camp?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=2321.0,2489.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/index/47355/annotation/247","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Auschwitz-Birkenau Concentration Camp","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lodz Ghetto Liquidation","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Selection","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Separation","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=2321.0,2489.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/index/47355/annotation/248","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"First Days at Auschwitz-Birkenau","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=2489.0,2522.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/index/47355/annotation/249","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What do you remember about your first days in Auschwitz-Birkenau?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=2489.0,2522.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/index/47355/annotation/250","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Auschwitz-Birkenau Concentration Camp","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Selection","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Work","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=2489.0,2522.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/index/47355/annotation/251","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Sent to Bergen-Belsen","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=2522.0,2584.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/index/47355/annotation/252","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They sent us to Bergen-Belsen. Over there, we did nothing. We just relax. Very little to eat, almost as nothing--a piece of bread and a soup a day. That's all we had for about three weeks. After three weeks, we graduated already.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=2522.0,2584.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/index/47355/annotation/253","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Bergen-Belsen Concentration Camp","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=2522.0,2584.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/index/47355/annotation/254","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Shipped to Torgau and Elsnig","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=2584.0,2791.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/index/47355/annotation/255","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Torgau and Elsnig. Over there, I stayed with my sister all the time. We . . . worked. Sometimes when my sister had a break, she went to the kitchen to peel potatoes.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=2584.0,2791.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/index/47355/annotation/256","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Elsnig, Germany","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Schutzstaffel - SS","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Torgau, Germany","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=2584.0,2791.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/index/47355/annotation/257","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Surviving Torgau","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=2791.0,2961.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/index/47355/annotation/258","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Did you think you would survive when you were at Torgau?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=2791.0,2961.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/index/47355/annotation/259","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Electric Wires","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Suicide","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Torgau, Germany","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=2791.0,2961.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/index/47355/annotation/260","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Escaping","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=2961.0,3216.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/index/47355/annotation/261","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Finally, by the end--that was eight months by the end--we went to . . . they took us on the cattle trains and they took us back and forth and back and forth. We went two weeks with nothing to eat and to drink--I'd rather not discuss it--until the Americans bombed the trains. We were running.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=2961.0,3216.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/index/47355/annotation/262","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"American Soldiers","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Barn","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Bombs","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Cattle Trains","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Escape","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Frankfurt, Germany","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Running","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Russians","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=2961.0,3216.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/index/47355/annotation/263","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Sent Back and Forth to Crematoriums","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=3216.0,3291.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/index/47355/annotation/264","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was not exactly close to it because they took us to a crematorium and they were so loaded with so many people that they didn't want to take us. They sent us back.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=3216.0,3291.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/index/47355/annotation/265","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Crematoriums","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Russian Soldiers","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Torgau, Germany","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=3216.0,3291.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/index/47355/annotation/266","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Life in Torgau","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=3291.0,3563.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/index/47355/annotation/267","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Let's talk a little bit about the camps. While you were in Torgau . . . Let's talk more about that because you spent more time there. Did people help each other in the camp? Beside your sister, did people help each by giving anything, sharing, helping?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=3291.0,3563.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/index/47355/annotation/268","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Concentration Camps","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Escape","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Groups","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helping Hands","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Suicide","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Torgau, Germany","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yom Kippur","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=3291.0,3563.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/index/47355/annotation/269","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Working in Torgau","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=3563.0,3668.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/index/47355/annotation/270","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now what kind of work do you do in the camp at Torgau?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=3563.0,3668.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/index/47355/annotation/271","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ammunition","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Bobs","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Concentration Camp","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Sabotage","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Torgau, Germany","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Work","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=3563.0,3668.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/index/47355/annotation/272","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Liberation from Torgau","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=3668.0,3750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/index/47355/annotation/273","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Finally when we were liberated, we were in Frankfurt, Germany. We went into a house, first empty house we could because the SS people they run away at the time because the Russians took off of them. We were liberated from the Russians, so we went into a house.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=3668.0,3750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/index/47355/annotation/274","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Frankfurt, Germany","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Liberation","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Russian Soldiers","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Schutzstaffel - SS","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Typhoid","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=3668.0,3750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/index/47355/annotation/275","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Health Care in the Camps","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=3750.0,3913.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/index/47355/annotation/276","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Let me ask you another question. If you got sick while you were in camp, was that it for you, was it automatically over?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=3750.0,3913.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/index/47355/annotation/277","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Concentration Camps","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Crematorium","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Dental Care","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Gold Teeth","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Illness","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Medical Experiments","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=3750.0,3913.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/index/47355/annotation/278","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The End of World War II","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=3913.0,4104.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/index/47355/annotation/279","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You told me when the Allies or the Americans bombed the train. Was that the first sign that the war was ending or the war was over?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=3913.0,4104.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/index/47355/annotation/280","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Allies","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"American Soldeirs","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Bombing","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Germany","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"World War II","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=3913.0,4104.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/index/47355/annotation/281","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Life After the Camps in Bamburg, Germany","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=4104.0,4153.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/index/47355/annotation/282","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"No. When we came to Germany, we lived in a little house with a German family. It was a lot of American people--not American people, the soldiers only. They got rid of the Germans and we stayed in the house with the soldiers, with American families . . . a project. It was beautiful, very nice. We met wonderful people there.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=4104.0,4153.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/index/47355/annotation/283","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"American Soldiers","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Bamburg, Germany","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Germany","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=4104.0,4153.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/index/47355/annotation/284","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Returning to Lodz, Poland","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=4153.0,4257.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/index/47355/annotation/285","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When I was in Lodz, and my . . . two sisters, another set of sisters what we were also kept together, were from Ozorkow. I went to visit them. Then I met Marty there.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=4153.0,4257.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/index/47355/annotation/286","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lodz, Poland","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Marty Storch","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ozorkow, Poland","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=4153.0,4257.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/index/47355/annotation/287","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Talking About War Experiences","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=4257.0,4385.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/index/47355/annotation/288","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Do you ever talk about your war experiences besides this evening?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=4257.0,4385.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/index/47355/annotation/289","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Children","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Holocaust Experiences","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"War Experiences","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=4257.0,4385.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/index/47355/annotation/290","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Possibility of Another Holocaust","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=4385.0,4417.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/index/47355/annotation/291","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Do you think another Holocaust is possible?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial 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Life","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=4417.0,4528.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/index/47355/annotation/294","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"How does the war now affect you on a daily basis or does it affect you on an ongoing basis?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=4417.0,4528.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/index/47355/annotation/295","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Grandparents","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Holocaust","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"World War II","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=4417.0,4528.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/index/47355/annotation/296","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Importance of Studying the Holocaust","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=4528.0,4584.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/index/47355/annotation/297","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Do you think studying the Holocaust is important today?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142#t=4528.0,4584.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32384/file/101142/index/47355/annotation/298","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Holocaust","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ku Klux 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