{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/jd4pk08916/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Birnbrey, Rebecca Kresses"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["1987-06-23 (created)","1987-07-09 (created)","1987-08-13 (created)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Agent"]},"value":{"en":["Birnbrey, Rebecca Kresses (Interviewee)","Diamond, Margery (Interviewer)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Language"]},"value":{"en":["English (primary)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["audio"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source"]},"value":{"en":["Esther and Herbert Taylor Oral History Collection","William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]}},{"label":{"en":["Publisher"]},"value":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eRebecca \"Ricky\" Kresses Birnbrey was interviewed by Margery Diamond on June 23, July 9, and August 13, 1987 in Atlanta, Georgia. \u003c/p\u003e (general)","\u003cp\u003eRebecca “Ricky” Kresses Birnbrey was born on February 25, 1928, in North Birmingham, Alabama to Hyman (Chiam) Isadore Kresses and Emma Kresses. She had three siblings, two sisters and a brother. She was raised in Pell City, Alabama, where her parents owned a store. Later, after the family moved to Birmingham, she attended Hebrew School. She graduated from university with a degree in journalism. After working for a time in the family store, she took a job as society editor of the Ensley, Alabama newspaper and not long after took a job as editor of the Tarrant City, Alabama newspaper. She met and married her husband, Henry Birnbrey, within a year of starting her job as editor in Tarrant City. They married in 1951 and she worked as a secretary in her husband’s accounting office. They had four children together: Judy Robkin, Eddie Birnbrey, David Birnbrey, and Anita Stein. Together the couple helped to found Temple Beth El, a short-lived Conservative synagogue in Atlanta that began as a study group for adults. She passed away in September 1988 in Atlanta, Georgia. \u003c/p\u003e (bioghist)","\u003cp\u003eRebecca Birnbrey discusses growing up in an Orthodox family in a small town in rural Alabama. She reflects on being sent to Vacation Bible School by her mother and going to Birmingham for High Holy Day services. She talks about working as a newspaper editor in small towns in Alabama after graduating from university. She discusses working in the rural south, the KKK, and overcoming prejudice in Tarrant City, Alabama. She discusses meeting and marrying her husband, who was a German refugee brought to America as a child by the National Council of Jewish Women, at a young Zionist event in Birmingham. She discusses the importance of Jewish education and talks about her daughter and son-in-law’s years in Israel on kibbutz and later in Jerusalem as bookshop owners before returning to Atlanta. \u003c/p\u003e (scope content)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source Metadata URI"]},"value":{"en":["https://archivesspace.thebreman.org/repositories/2/archival_objects/29192"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject"]},"value":{"en":["Birnbrey, Rebecca Kresses, 1928-1988 (personal name)","Birnbrey, Henry, 1928-2021 (personal name)","Popkin, Herman M., 1918-2002 (personal name)","Kresses, Emma Cohen, 1899-1981 (personal name)","Kresses, Hyman (Chaim) Isadore, 1897-1980 (personal name)","Robkin, Judy Birnbrey (personal name)","Robkin, Shai (personal name)","Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society (1880- ) (corporate name)","Gary Hotel (Birmingham, Ala.) (corporate name)","Temple Beth-El (Birmingham, Ala.) (corporate name)","Avondale Mills (corporate name)","Hollywood Country Club (Birmingham, Ala.) (corporate name)","Hebrew Academy (corporate name)","Ku Klux Klan (1915- ) (corporate name)","Southern Israelite (corporate name)","Atlanta Jewish Times (corporate name)","Rich's Department Sore (corporate name)","Davidson's of Atlanta (corporate name)","Hadassah, the Women's Zionist Organization of America (corporate name)","Zeta Beta Tau (corporate name)","Ahavath Achim Synagogue (Atlanta, Ga.) (corporate name)","Bank Hapoalim (corporate name)","Hebrew University of Jerusalem (corporate name)","Jewish Federation of Greater Atlanta (corporate name)","Congregation Beth El (Atlanta, Ga.) (corporate name)","Jewish Theological Seminary (New York, N.Y.) (corporate name)","Sefer ve Sefel (Jerusalem) (corporate name)","Pell City (Ala.) (geographic term)","Tarrant City (Ala.) (geographic term)","Birmingham (Ala.) (geographic term)","Kobryn (Belarus) (geographic term)","Havana (Cuba) (geographic term)","Ensley (Ala.) (geographic term)","Jerusalem (geographic term)","Jaffa Road (Jerusalem) (geographic term)","Israel (geographic term)","Orthodox Judaism (topical term)","Kosher (topical term)","Rosh HaShanah (topical term)","Yom Kippur (topical term)","Reform Judaism (topical term)","Zionism (topical term)","Blue Laws (topical term)","Kibbutzim (topical term)","Young volunteers in kibbutzim (topical term)","Conservative Judaism (topical term)","World War I, 1914-1918 (named event)","World War II, 1939-1945 (named event)","Kristallnacht, 1938 (named event)"]}}],"summary":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eRebecca \"Ricky\" Kresses Birnbrey was interviewed by Margery Diamond on June 23, July 9, and August 13, 1987 in Atlanta, Georgia.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRebecca \u0026ldquo;Ricky\u0026rdquo; Kresses Birnbrey was born on February 25, 1928, in North Birmingham, Alabama to Hyman (Chiam) Isadore Kresses and Emma Kresses. She had three siblings, two sisters and a brother. She was raised in Pell City, Alabama, where her parents owned a store. Later, after the family moved to Birmingham, she attended Hebrew School. She graduated from university with a degree in journalism. After working for a time in the family store, she took a job as society editor of the Ensley, Alabama newspaper and not long after took a job as editor of the Tarrant City, Alabama newspaper. She met and married her husband, Henry Birnbrey, within a year of starting her job as editor in Tarrant City. They married in 1951 and she worked as a secretary in her husband\u0026rsquo;s accounting office. They had four children together: Judy Robkin, Eddie Birnbrey, David Birnbrey, and Anita Stein. Together the couple helped to found Temple Beth El, a short-lived Conservative synagogue in Atlanta that began as a study group for adults. She passed away in September 1988 in Atlanta, Georgia.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRebecca Birnbrey discusses growing up in an Orthodox family in a small town in rural Alabama. She reflects on being sent to Vacation Bible School by her mother and going to Birmingham for High Holy Day services. She talks about working as a newspaper editor in small towns in Alabama after graduating from university. She discusses working in the rural south, the KKK, and overcoming prejudice in Tarrant City, Alabama. She discusses meeting and marrying her husband, who was a German refugee brought to America as a child by the National Council of Jewish Women, at a young Zionist event in Birmingham. She discusses the importance of Jewish education and talks about her daughter and son-in-law\u0026rsquo;s years in Israel on kibbutz and later in Jerusalem as bookshop owners before returning to Atlanta.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"]},"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/public/images/audio-default.png","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - Birnbrey__Rebecca_Kresses.mp3"]},"duration":8896.32,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/public/images/audio-default.png","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-thebreman.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/202/243/original/Birnbrey__Rebecca_Kresses.mp3?1690847110","type":"Audio","format":"audio/mpeg","duration":8896.32,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Rebecca Birnbrey [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"DIAMOND: . . . For the American Jewish Committee and Council of Jewish\nWomen's Oral History Project; Jewish Women of Achievement. I'm Margery Diamond,\nthe interviewer. Now is when I take a deep breath and relax and I ask you to do\nthe same. When I called to schedule the appointment, you said something that has\nstayed with me over the last few days that everything you've done you owe to\nyour mother.\n\nBIRNBREY: Yes.\n\nDIAMOND: Would you like to start this interview by ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"telling us a little about her?\n\nBIRNBREY: Well, I guess I'll start from the beginning. I was born the third\ndaughter in a religious Jewish family in my mother's bed, by her favorite\ndoctor. And my mother was always, she was always . . . as I get farther into my\nstory, you'll understand how my mother was always a, not a radical, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but a\nfreethinking American woman. She did things that influenced our lives so much.\nFor instance, we lived in a small town in Alabama for five years, had no music\nteachers. So, my mother saw in the brown part--the colored part, then it was\nbrown--of the Birmingham News that this ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=60.0,90.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"woman was giving a recital. So, she\ncalled her and she said, \"I will get you students in Pell City, Alabama,\" which\nwas 38 miles from Birmingham, \"I have a piano. I will empty the rooms if you\nwill come up and teach my children free.\" And she did. This went on all my life.\nI was in the fifth grade and we were having a play, and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=90.0,120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"my mother wanted me to\nhave the lead. I didn't know this until many years later. She went to the\nteacher and she said, \"Look, if you will let Rebecca play the lead, I will make\nthe costumes.\" This went on year after year after year because she was, in her\nown way, she was a very modern woman who happened to have married someone who\ncame from the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=120.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"shtetl and would have preferred really to have lived that way. My\nfather was very Orthodox and to him a girl was a girl; she should be a secretary\nor she should get married. Better she should marry quickly and raise a family.\nOf course, marry well. So, I would say that my whole life was influenced by this\nmother who taught us very early how to, in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=150.0,180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"our own way, if we wanted something,\nhow to go about getting it. During the Depression, she would buy a sack of ten\npounds of potatoes and sell one-pound bags of potatoes so that she could make a\nprofit to give us birthday parties. My father never knew that we had such a\nluxury as a birthday party.\n\nDIAMOND: She had to go sort of around the back door to get things done.\n\nBIRNBREY: Yeah. But she did it, she did it. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=180.0,210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That was the difference. Girls were\nalways a problem because fathers did not have big ambitions for girls, not many\nfathers. My mother always wanted us to have a college education, the girls, and\nwe got it. We get the college education, and I don't mean one year or two years,\nbut we graduated.\n\nDIAMOND: Your mother was responsible for that financially?\n\nBIRNBREY: Not financially. We were responsible ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=210.0,240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"financially for ourselves, but it\nwas her little hand pushing us that told us it's okay, you can do it. It's okay.\nSo, all my life I felt that way about my mother. And I'm smiling because that's\nthe way I still feel about my mother. She's died since, but she in her own\nlittle quiet way, she was the one that prodded us on for bigger and better\nthings or just a nicer life.\n\nDIAMOND: She sounds like she really was a happy influence, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=240.0,270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"even though she was\nhaving to find ways to do things, she was always positive about it.\n\nBIRNBREY: Right, right. She was always positive. She would . . . every time she\ncame home, she would bring us the little Hershey's Kisses, and we were five\nchildren. She used to give each child one Kissy. I was afraid that when we grew\nup and became adults that we would still have this habit of giving one to you,\none to me, one to you, one to me, and could ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=270.0,300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"never just go to a bag of candy and\ntake one for ourselves. But we grew out of that.\n\nDIAMOND: What were some of the very happiest times?\n\nBIRNBREY: Well, I'm sorry to say, but I don't remember that many happy times. My\nchildhood was very serious. I don't remember spending time playing. It could\nhave been my own fault. It could have been the problems of the day. I just I\nreally don't, I don't remember these big ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=300.0,330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"happy times. I don't mean to sound that\nserious, but it was just the way living was.\n\nDIAMOND: When you spoke about the birthday parties with your father not knowing\nabout them, what did those parties look like?\n\nBIRNBREY: I really can't remember a birthday party. I just know that we had . .\n. there's only one birthday party I remember. That party--my birthday was in\nFebruary, so the weather was always terrible--two people ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=330.0,360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"came and one gift was a\nwastebasket. This child's father ran the drugstore and I thought it was in such\npoor taste that she should bring me a wastebasket for my birthday. So, I haven't\nthought too much about birthday parties.\n\nDIAMOND: What about Jewish holidays? Shabbat? I mean, you were an Orthodox\nfamily. What did Shabbat look like in your childhood?\n\nBIRNBREY: I think I'll give you a little beginning, as I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=360.0,390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"can remember it. So,\nyou get an idea of how life for me was. I was born in North Birmingham, which\nwas a suburb of Birmingham. This is where some coal mines were, and there was\nseveral Jewish merchants. My father had a store. We had a few friends around. I\ndon't remember holidays and things like that until later on because I was so\nyoung. When ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=390.0,420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I was four, and I remember this, my sister, who was 18 months\nyounger than me, was kidnaped. This is the time of when the Lindbergh child,\nwhen Charles Lindbergh's child was kidnapped. In fact, I remember almost\nvividly. She was . . . later that night, she was found in the bathroom of a\nfilling station, and she had been scratched and other things, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=420.0,450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but she was not\nmolested. I remember the excitement of all this. I was trying to place myself at\nthe kidnaping later on, many years later, and I decided that I have been in the\nsame room with her because we were so close in age. So, if I was four years old,\nthen chances are that when she went to bed, I would have to go to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=450.0,480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"bed. There was\ncompany in the house, and my older sisters were with the company. There were\nseveral--throughout the country, there were several kidnappings. It's like when\nsomebody commits suicide, you have a rash of suicides. That's the way it was\nwhen Charles Lindbergh's son was kidnaped, that you had a rash of kidnaping and\nthere was a rash of kidnappings even in the suburb. And ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=480.0,510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"then I remember when I\nwas six, we moved to Pell City, Alabama, which is . . .\n\nDIAMOND: Let me ask you before you move on because I think that's interesting.\nDo you think that the fact that you were Jewish had anything to do with the fact\nthat your sister was kidnaped? What was the relationship between your family and\nthe rest of the community or Jews in general?\n\nBIRNBREY: The relationship between our families, there was more of a\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=510.0,540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"relationship of being Jews to the Italian community. There was a large Italian\ncommunity in Birmingham, and they would throw rocks at my two older sisters as\nthey went to kindergarten and first grade, or whatever they were in. My father\ntold my oldest sister, Eunice, one time, he said, \"The next time somebody does\nsomething to you, ask them if they can eat spaghetti from here to Italy.\" ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=540.0,570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So\nthat was . . . I didn't even . . . I knew I was Jewish and I knew that my\nbrother had a bris when he was born, but I don't remember anything in North\nBirmingham specifically about being Jewish. I was too young really to know this\nwas because I was Jewish or not because I was Jewish. I think my sisters knew\nthat more than I did, and my parents knew that more than I did. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=570.0,600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, when we\nlived in Pell City, this was very much a part of my life.\n\nDIAMOND: In what way?\n\nBIRNBREY: Well, when we moved to Pell City . . . My father went broke in North\nBirmingham. So, at the same time, this was Depression days, and he went from\nvery rich to very poor. He opened the store in Pell City, Alabama, and . . .\nwait, I forgot what I was . . . what were we talking about?\n\nDIAMOND: We were talking about incidences of antisemitism and whether ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=600.0,630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"your\nsister being Jewish had anything to do with her kidnapping.\n\nBIRNBREY: No, I don't think so. I really don't think it had anything to do with it.\n\nDIAMOND: And then you said something about there being more of that in Pell\nCity, that you were aware of . . .\n\nBIRNBREY: Right. One of the reasons is because we were the only Jewish family in\nthe city that had children. There were other older . . . there was a Jewish\ncouple. There were two Jewish couples, three Jewish ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=630.0,660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"couples, one was elderly and\ntwo were somewhere in their thirties, forties, fifties, and our family. So, if a\nchild saw me, they knew I was Jewish. It was very much a thing of being Jewish.\n\"Those are Jewish children.\" They would point at you; they would point to your\nhair. \"She has Jewish hair. She has a Jewish face.\" You know, it was very much,\nand . . .\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=660.0,690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"DIAMOND: If you'd have been blonde haired and blue eyed, they would've had a\nproblem with that.\n\nBIRNBREY: They would have had a problem, definitely. I wasn't always welcome to\nbe a friend, and I didn't understand this, but I think later on that I\nunderstood it more, what was happening to me, or because I was Jewish. I\nremember specific things happening that I wasn't . . . You were asking about\n[being] Jewish in our homes, up to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=690.0,720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that. My mother wrote a postcard to the meat\nmarket in Birmingham, and he would put the kosher meat on the bus and she would\npick it up. So, at no time did we not have kosher. My father would shechita--do\nyou know the word shechita--the chickens.\n\nDIAMOND: Yes.\n\nBIRNBREY: He had a knife. He raised the chickens. He would kill the chickens so\nthat we would have kosher chickens. He had a little ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=720.0,750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"garden, he had a little cow\nso that he could have everything, that it would be kosher. So, we lived the\nJewish life. He did not keep Shabbos because he worked. He worked. my mother\nworked. He always said as soon as he could keep Shabbos, he would keep Shabbos.\nAnd he did. But because he worked and he had a store to make a living, he wasn't\nable to when we were growing up.\n\nDIAMOND: Did your mother work side by side with him in the store?\n\nBIRNBREY: Absolutely, absolutely. I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=750.0,780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"remember my mother taking breakfast to the\nstore and staying with daddy all day long. We lived only about three blocks from\nthe store, and she would carry the food to daddy. Life was very interesting in\nthe small town. That's why I thought maybe I would be an interesting candidate\nfor this, because I think you have a lot of Jewish women who lived in small\ntowns, but I can't believe that the circumstances were quite like ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=780.0,810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ours. One\nreason was because of my mother's attitude, and I'll tell you why. There were\ntwo churches in the city, one was Baptist and one was Methodist, and my mother\nalways felt that since we could not get an education by going to Birmingham and\ngoing to Hebrew School, that we need some kind of religious education. I know\nthis sounds silly and it was probably silly at the time, but I'm so thankful she\ndid ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=810.0,840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it because it brought into my life a Baptist church and a Methodist church\nthat I was very much a part of. You see, the preachers would always, always come\nover to my parents and try to convert them, and they would always try to convert\nthe children. At one time, my mother says, \"Okay, oh, Rifky,\" she called me\nbecause that's my Jewish name, \"Rifky will come to Vacation Bible School. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=840.0,870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rifky\nwill come.\" So, I did, I went. I learned how to say verses from the Bible. And\nat one time, my nicest experience was playing the boy Jesus in a Christmas play.\nIs this fantastic?\n\nDIAMOND: It's highly unusual.\n\nBIRNBREY: So, I played the boy Jesus, and the boy Jesus was represented by a\ncrippled child, but he was the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=870.0,900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"boy Jesus. The play was so good that come\nChristmas time we took the play to every black church in the area. You have to\nunderstand that this was, let me see, in the 1930s. In the 1930s, you rarely saw\na black person except for those who did work. You know, a black person would\nwork in your home or a black person would ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=900.0,930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"do cleanup jobs in the store. But the\nother black people you did not see until Saturday when they came in a wagon to\nshop. They would come in a flat wagon with chairs on the wagon and come\nshopping. So, when I was the boy Jesus, and it was mostly because I had the\nblack hair and the brown eyes that they picked me. Other than the fact I think I\nwas good in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=930.0,960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"drama in those days. We took the play to all these back areas that\nyou never saw or heard. And in this back country, I don't know how else to\ndescribe it other than back country. Miles and miles away from the city is where\nall the black farmers and their families lived. And they would spend the whole\nday ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=960.0,990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Sunday in their churches and we would bring the play to the black churches.\nThey would come at six o'clock in the morning and stay till six o'clock in the\nevening. They would have food on the green, they called it, or dinner on the\ngreen, or supper on the green or something like that. They would bring their\nfried chicken and their whatever corn and whatever, and they would eat on the\ngreens and they would come to watch the play about the boy ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=990.0,1020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jesus.\n\nDIAMOND: Did you all share the food with them or was your food kept separate?\n\nBIRNBREY: Well, I would never eat it anyway. I mean, whatever they had. But our\nfood was kept separate. I don't even remember eating and or remember how the\neating worked. More than likely, my mother packed a lunch for me and I took my\nlittle lunch and away we went. I remember two times when I cheated. One time we\nhad a woman friend, my mother had a woman friend who was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=1020.0,1050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish, who came to the\nstore when my father was out of the city and told me that I would love having a\nham sandwich and that I should taste this ham sandwich. So, I did. It was so\ngood. I think I ate ten ham sandwiches. I felt guilty for the ham sandwiches the\nrest of my life, but I ate the ten sandwiches. I might be exaggerating; it might\nhave been ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=1050.0,1080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"four. And one time we went to the drugstore, and in those days, the\ndrugstores served food, they served hot dogs and for some reason or other, I got\na hot dog. And for that I've been sorry all my life because I ate a hot dog, and\nit wasn't kosher. My father would have killed me if he knew about it.\n\nDIAMOND: Tell me a little bit about your father and what he shared with you in\nterms of his life in the shtetl. Can you talk a little bit ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=1080.0,1110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about that?\n\nBIRNBREY: Strangely enough, my father didn't talk about it when we were young.\nHe was born in a town called Kobryn, Poland, and several Kobrynas would . . .\nthe Kobrynas used to try and keep in touch with one another. A few of the men\nwould take bus trips around these small towns and come to visit him and sort of\nkeep in contact with ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=1110.0,1140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Kobrynas. Today there's a book that they put out. There's a\nKobryna association in New York. I've always wanted to go there just so I could\nget a picture of what took place. My father told me about . . . well, I knew why\nhe ran away. He ran away from Kobryn, which later became Russia, so he would not\nhave to serve in the Russian army. Also, his father died when he was only about\n12 years old ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=1140.0,1170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and he had to support the family, and economics was a big, big\nthing. He used to tell us how his mother would keep him from getting into the\narmy, and one way she did it was by having him eat steak. He could only eat\nsteak, and I know steak is an expensive food, but in Kobryn, when you\nslaughtered the cow and all this, it didn't matter which piece of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=1170.0,1200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"meat you hand.\nthey saved the steaks for the young boys, so by only eating protein, he lost his\nweight. He never had starch. He never had anything else. It was all protein. So,\nhe would become very, very thin, and too thin to go into the army. Another thing\nhe told us was that if a family, and I hope I'm saying this correctly, if a\nfamily had ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=1200.0,1230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"several boys, they would go to the cemetery, they would take names of\nboys who were dead or people who were dead, and they would give them these\nnames, so there was never a record that this boy was alive. And if they came\naround for the Army, he was dead. So, there was no boy. I found out later on\nthat that's why several people in Birmingham, where we moved later, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=1230.0,1260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"had\ndifferent last names. These were people that would come from one family, but\nthey would have different last names. And it was because their parents were\ntrying to keep them from going to the Army. So, they renamed boys from the dead\nboys or from the dead.\n\nDIAMOND: That is amazing.\n\nBIRNBREY: Isn't that interesting? And I think we had, in Birmingham, we had one\nfamily that had five different names.\n\nDIAMOND: Your father left Poland at what point?\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=1260.0,1290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BIRNBREY: He left Poland I think around World War I.\n\nDIAMOND: And went where?\n\nBIRNBREY: He went to Havana, Cuba. He went to Havana, Cuba, because to the best\nof my knowledge, HIAS [Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society] put out a newspaper telling\npeople countries they could get into. So, it wasn't a matter of saying, \"Oh, I\nwant to go to Havana, Cuba,\" but you went to the country that would let you in.\nAnd Havana was one of those ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=1290.0,1320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"countries. He did very well in Havana and later\nbrought an older brother to Havana who had six children and brought . . . I\ndon't know if they were all born in Poland or if they were . . .\n\nDIAMOND: Some born in Havana?\n\nBIRNBREY: Some born in . . . I think they were all born in Poland. No, I'm not\nsure. I'm not sure. Anyway, he brought . . .\n\nDIAMOND: He and his brother were there in Havana.\n\nBIRNBREY: Right.\n\nDIAMOND: Where did the story go from there?\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=1320.0,1350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BIRNBREY: Well, the story, this story goes on and on and on. The story goes that\nmy mother, at the same time, lived in Birmingham, Alabama. Her father came over\nwhen she was eight years old, so she was a little more modern. Her father was in\nthe junk business and did extremely well. He made enough money to put all the\nboys . . . She had three brothers and a sister living at the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=1350.0,1380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"time. I'm saying\nliving because most of the families, especially with the Orthodox, well they\nwere all Orthodox, really, had many, many children but a group of children would\nlive and a group of children would die. And for some strange reason, it seemed\nto be in . . . like the first five died, the second five lived. With her, the\nfirst child lived, five died, and the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=1380.0,1410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"last four lived. In that type of order. So\nthen, there was the older sister, my mother . . . How much time?\n\nDIAMOND: Oh, we're fine.\n\nBIRNBREY: My mother and her three brothers. My mother was rather spoiled. Her\nfather worshiped her, spoiled her. She had a brother, Murray. Murray went away\nto the First World War and when . . . Oh, no, I'm ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=1410.0,1440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"jumping the gun. Let's see.\nFirst, my mother was in love with a boy from New York who served in World War\nOne, who must have come from New York and was stationed near Birmingham. His\nname was Harry Millheizer. I know his name because my mother talked so much\nabout her missing love. Harry Millheizer was not a favorite in her ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=1440.0,1470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"family\nbecause he was German. He was a German Jew, and my mother was an Ashkenazi, so\nthere was a little bit of tension there between her family and her true love.\nWell, Harry Millheizer got killed in the war, so her father decided . . . She\nwas brokenhearted, and he said, \"Emma, you've got to get away from Birmingham.\"\nHe felt bad that they had given her all this trouble because he was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=1470.0,1500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"German, so\nhe sent her on a cruise to Havana, Cuba. I know it was a cruise because all her\nlife she saved the clipping from the Birmingham News that said, \"Emma Cohen is\ntaking a cruise to Havana,\" or other words, and my mother was so proud of this.\nShe went to Havana, she met my father, who was a first cousin, fell in love with\nhim, got ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=1500.0,1530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"married. She lived, both of them lived a very pampered life in Havana\nbecause in Havana, you had the extremes of rich and poor. They had a house boy\nand they lived well. My mother got pregnant, like, immediately. And she . . .\nHere I'll show you a picture. My mother got pregnant, so she got ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=1530.0,1560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"homesick. She\nwanted to go to her mother. So, my father took her home to her mother. From then\non, they stayed in Birmingham. In Birmingham, my father, my grandfather set him\nup in business, and at one time my father had . . . my father, who was always\ninterested in building, designed, and built an office building, because he would\ntake us by and he would show us the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=1560.0,1590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"building that he built and it had\ndecorations around the top. It was about a three-story building, or something.\nBut during the, what do you call it, when the money went . . .\n\nDIAMOND: Depression.\n\nBIRNBREY: Depression. He lost everything, and my uncles always gave mother a\nhard time because they said Hymie was never good in business, he would never\nmake a success, and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=1590.0,1620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"she married wrong. But they always told her whoever she\nmarried or went out with was wrong. But my uncles always had done very, very\nwell, and my father had not. And that was a phase.\n\nDIAMOND: It was probably hard for him to leave Havana, where he was so\nsuccessful, and come home to your mother's environment.\n\nBIRNBREY: Right. Well, I don't think it mattered at first because the first few\nyears everybody was doing so extremely well. Before the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=1620.0,1650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Depression, everybody\nwas doing well because my mother often talked about my oldest sister having a\nwhite real fur coat and little things like that, and daddy was able to build the\nbuilding. I think everything was flourishing. He used to laugh because he was a\nnewcomer to the country, so he was, you know, Yiddish was his language. He used\nto sell shoes to the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=1650.0,1680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"customer, and he would tell the customer, \"These are emashe\npippot [sp] shoes,\" because he knew no name. He could not read the name. So, in\ntranslating, he would . . . that's what they did. When they were first married,\nthey lived in the back of a store, as most Jewish couples did, as most merchants\ndid, and then later on they moved into a duplex and had five children.\n\nDIAMOND: When your mother worked in the store beside you ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=1680.0,1710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"dad, who was home with\nthe five children or how did that work?\n\nBIRNBREY: We always had a nursey. There was always a nursey at home. One of my\nproblems is we were . . . as you were saying, the happy childhood, was later on\nin Pell City, when things get tough and the business was not going well in Pell\nCity and my mother spent all her time in Pell City and at that time, we could\nnot ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=1710.0,1740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"afford a housekeeper, which we had before then I became like the mother of\nthe younger children. This time in life, I really did not enjoy it because it\nwas almost like the latchkey kids, you know, you were to be . . . It wasn't even\nto be seen and not heard, it was not heard and not seen, because I was too young\nto be in the store. My two older ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=1740.0,1770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sisters were in the store, so I was supposed to\nbe at home, so the younger two would stay at home.\n\nDIAMOND: You were burdened with that responsibility at the early age of what?\n\nBIRNBREY: Right. And it was a very . . . Probably eight, nine, something like that.\n\nDIAMOND: You mentioned the music lessons. At that point in time, were there more\nJewish families or did all the family participate in the music lessons?\n\nBIRNBREY: Oh, we didn't concern ourselves with Jewish families and other\nfamilies. We were the only ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=1770.0,1800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"family.\n\nDIAMOND: Okay. So, at that time, it was just the community themselves.\n\nBIRNBREY: Always the community. Whoever would bring their child over would get\nthe music lesson. It was probably five children. You know, you're not talking\nabout . . . My mother always managed to make close friends with everybody. She\nmade friends with the doctor in the town who--this was a one-doctor town--had a\nlittle clinic, and she ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=1800.0,1830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"would visit the doctor. He would come to us. She made\nfriends with all the teachers. So, there was some . . . We did not know from\nbeing Jewish and being Gentile.\n\nDIAMOND: Well, did you celebrate a seder, a Passover seder? Did you have . . . ?\n\nBIRNBREY: We celebrated everything.\n\nDIAMOND: What did that look like in your house?\n\nBIRNBREY: On the next tape, I'll get to when we were older, because during the\nwar, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=1830.0,1860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"during the Second World War was when I remember them more vividly because\nmy father would bring home soldiers, he would bring home everybody. If he was\nJewish, he came to our house. We were told to get out of the bed, to give the\nbed to the Jewish soldier. It was a complete open house. Every holiday was\nwonderful, just wonderful. The holidays in Pell City, I don't remember, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=1860.0,1890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but\nthere was never a time that we were not closed on a holiday--the store. The\nstore was not closed on a holiday . . . Oh, yeah, there is something I do\nremember. I'll have to backtrack. Excuse me. For a time there, we used to come\nto Birmingham . . . How's it doing?\n\nDIAMOND: We're fine.\n\nBIRNBREY: Okay. We used to come to Birmingham for Rosh HaShanah and Yom Kippur.\nThat's what we did. My mother would pack a suitcase of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=1890.0,1920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"food and a suitcase for\nclothes, and we would eat the food in the hotel room. We stayed at the Gary\nHotel, which was in walking distance to the synagogue. That's the way we would\nspend our holidays. One time I remember we stayed with a friend in North\nBirmingham and walked from North Birmingham to the synagogue. But you always\nwalk to the synagogue and God only knows how many miles it was from North\nBirmingham. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=1920.0,1950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But it was more like to us . . . It wasn't a hard walk. It was like\nfun, you know, because it was a challenge; \"Do you know how far we walked?\" And\nlater on, we would go from our synagogue to the south side of Birmingham, where\nthere was a conservative synagogue to see the boys. That was about four miles.\nBut nobody cared because the whole purpose was to go see the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=1950.0,1980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"boys at Beth-El.\n\nDIAMOND: That must have been when you were a teenager?\n\nBIRNBREY: Yes.\n\nDIAMOND: Okay. Well, after that long hard walk, I think we'll take a breather.\n\nBIRNBREY: Okay.\n\nDIAMOND: You've done great, and I have enjoyed it thoroughly, but I'm going to\nstop the tape and we'll pick up on the other side in just a few minutes.\n\nDIAMOND: This is a second interview with Ricky Birnbrey at her home on July 9,\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=1980.0,2010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Thursday July 9. Thank you. You've just told me that you'd like to give a\ndescription of your family's surroundings in the 1930s in a little more detailed\nway. Why don't we start there this morning and then just see where we go from there?\n\nBIRNBREY: Okay. I thought it would be interesting to describe a small town in\nAlabama physically, because so many people have a perspective of living in a\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=2010.0,2040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"large city, an apartment, or a house or whatever. But I think that the\nexperience of living in a little town and the way we live is interesting. My\nfamily moved to Pell City, Alabama, which is 38 miles outside of Birmingham,\nAlabama, when I was six years old. The first house we lived in was small wood\nframe house and there were no ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=2040.0,2070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sidewalks I don't want it to sound too primitive\nbecause it wasn't. The only thing primitive was that we did not have indoor\nplumbing. We were fortunate that we had electricity because everybody in the\ntown didn't have electricity. Some of the people had gasoline lamps. They called\nthem, I forgot what they called them, hurricane lamps. We were ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=2070.0,2100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"fortunate because\nwe lived, say, in a three- or four-square block area where people did have\nelectricity. So, we had the air and plumbing and you walked about 50 or 100 feet\nfrom the house to this two-seater . . .\n\nDIAMOND: Outhouse?\n\nBIRNBREY: Outhouse, right. We used to have many jokes about the outhouse because\nwe did move from Birmingham, where this was an unknown factor. I had an aunt ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=2100.0,2130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who\ncame down to visit us from New York, and we used to make jokes about her and\nlaughed every time she had to go to the outhouse. She brought her two daughters\nwith her and the first thing she asked my mother was, could she have some orange\njuice? And we as children didn't know what orange juice was. We had orange aid,\nwhich was orange juice mixed with water with sugar, but nobody had straight\norange juice. The beauty of it ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=2130.0,2160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was that we found humor in all of this. To me, I\nwas the richest kid in the city. To me, my home was the best home in the city.\nAnd . . . I did not realize we were struggling, in no way, because my father had\na store. We had a house on a nice street. At one time, the school took a vote\nwhether or not to keep the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=2160.0,2190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"schools open one more month. Because in in this\ncounty, which was poor, we did not have a set number of months to go to school.\nWe could go to school as long as the county could afford it. So, our schooling\ncould be six months. Then again, the farmer's children had to stay home and pick\ncotton so they can only come to school after the cotton season was over. If my\nfather paid $5 extra, we could go to one ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=2190.0,2220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"extra month of school and he paid this\n$5. I think the schooling affected me my whole life because now I have learned\nhow important the first few grades are. And if I was going to school half a year\ninstead of a whole year, it was understandable that I missed preliminary reading\nand writing and arithmetic. I was one of the smart children in my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=2220.0,2250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"class. But\nnonetheless, later on, when I got to a better school and when I went to college,\nI felt that had affected me instead of being the superior student, I was that C+\nstudent. Let's see. Later we moved to another house that had a porch all the way\naround my house.\n\nDIAMOND: Oh, how wonderful.\n\nBIRNBREY: It had a toilet. The toilet was not in the house, but the toilet was\nattached to the house and the toilet flushed, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=2250.0,2280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which was very important because\nin the outdoor plumbing, it never flushed. You simply put lime down into the\nouthouse toilet seat and that took care of the germs or whatever. And now we\nmoved to a house that had . . .\n\nDIAMOND: Let me just stop one minute. I sit here ticked because you have a nice\nhome now and you probably have enough bathrooms. Like one per person maybe. How\nmany bathrooms do you have here now?\n\nBIRNBREY: I have two bathrooms.\n\nDIAMOND: And there's two adults living in the house, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=2280.0,2310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so, you've come a long way.\n\nBIRNBREY: Well, I have come a long way, but I've never mentally thought of it as\na long way, because the world has always been that much of an adventure. I\nreally don't feel any different now than I did in the little town. No way. I\nmight have been culturally; I might have grown culturally. I might have seen\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=2310.0,2340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"more countries, taken airplanes that I didn't even know existed, ridden trains\nand busses and the other things. I've gone in department stores. All this, but\nto me, Pell City was a great adventure. So, it doesn't matter how many bathrooms\nI have or what I do for a living. It's a wonderful feeling, as far as gone a\nlong way, not to have to worry about a bill. This is the nicest ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=2340.0,2370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"feeling. The\nelectric bill can come, no problem. Water bill can come, no problem. This is the\nnicest feeling; the feeling of being up to date with bills, expenses, is a\nwonderful feeling. The feeling that you don't have to pay something out.\n\nDIAMOND: That's called security.\n\nBIRNBREY: Security. This is security. To me, this is the real wealth. But\nanyway, the living, as I say, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=2370.0,2400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was just as wonderful in Pell City. I had my\ntrying times, but life has always been somewhat of an adventure. We always took\nthe attitude, just like my mother, that anything was available. I still feel\nthat way. Anything is available. In the town of Pell . . . oh, physically, I\nwanted to get back to that. Physically . . .\n\nDIAMOND: The screen porch . . .\n\nBIRNBREY: It wasn't screen porch, it was an open porch because it was more\nVictorian ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=2400.0,2430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"style without any of the little wiggle-waggles, the decorative\nwiggle-waggles. We had a tree and, on the tree, a tall tree that had a rope\nswing and the neighbors used to come and swing on our swing in the back yard. We\nhad a lot of land and my father had a cow, chickens, and a . . . Here, it\nwouldn't be small, in Atlanta it would be considered a very large ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=2430.0,2460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"garden. There\nit was considered a small garden. I think he did this to get produce and feed\nhis family but also, he enjoyed it. To get to the center of town, you walked\nthree blocks. There was one block in the city that had a sidewalk all the way\naround it. That block was the courthouse and the jail house. We went to this\nblock to skate ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=2460.0,2490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because it was the only cemented block and the jail was very\nsmall. It was only like a four-room house and the prisoners used to put their\nhands out of the window and yell and whistle to us as we came around skating.\nThis was also fun because we would wave and they would wave and they would\nscream at us and we would scream at them. But it wasn't angry screams, it was a\nfriendly scream, you know, it was like . . .\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=2490.0,2520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"DIAMOND: A recognition.\n\nBIRNBREY: Right, right. That was our skating place. The school was one block\naway from the store, and that was a nice-size school. There, also, the bathrooms\nwere a problem because you went outside into the basement to go to bathrooms. I\nthink plumbing was always a problem, so to speak, in smaller towns. Across the\nstreet from the school was the small ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=2520.0,2550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"doctor's clinic, and that was our whole\nmedical facility. The doctor was outstanding. As a matter of fact, my mother had\na niece of hers and a sister-in-law come to Dr. Martin in order to get pregnant.\nAnd they did.\n\nDIAMOND: He was a fertility specialist in the 1930s?\n\nBIRNBREY: Whatever he did, I think it was confidence in him or whatever it was,\nbut they became pregnant. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=2550.0,2580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"My two older sisters were in high school. They walked\none mile down the highway to get to the high school. The high school was\nseparated from the grammar school. The high school was a county high school, so\nthe busses used to come from surrounding towns and bring the children to the\nhigh school. Both buildings were very nice buildings, large buildings, to me.\nAnother thing we had in Pell City was we had Avondale Mills, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=2580.0,2610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which I think I\nsaid before, and Avondale Mills was a very large cotton mill. The unique part\nabout it, which is not unique, but today would be unique, they provided\nschooling, housing, and extracurricular activities for the people who worked in\nthe mill. One of the extracurricular activities was that Avondale Mills had a\nband and a band room. My sister ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=2610.0,2640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Miriam, who was about two and a half years older\nthan me and who followed like a little duck, went over to Avondale Mills, and\ntold them she wanted to be in the band. They also provide instruments, so they\ngave her a clarinet, taught her a few elementary lessons, and she was in the\nband. So, she told me, she said, \"Ricky, here's the big secret.\" So, I go over\nto Avondale Mills, to the band room, and there was a coronet. A ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=2640.0,2670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"coronet is a\nsmall sister of the trumpet, but I think nobody wanted to play coronet. So, they\nhad the instrument there so I said, \"I'm playing the coronet\". So, the band\nleader gave me a few elementary lessons and I played the coronet. He also told\nme, \"Ricky,\" at the time, I was called Rebecca. \"Rebecca, if you get a pair of\nwhite pants and a white shirt, and if you pretend to play the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=2670.0,2700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"instrument, you\ncan be in the parades and go to the football game.\" So, I did it. My sister\nlearned the notes but I can only play a couple of tunes. There are a few tunes\nand I can play, but basically, I marched and pushed my fingers down and sat with\nthe band and loved it. Loved every minute of it. I got the white pants, I got\nthe white shirts, I got the sneakers and away we went. I think I told you about\nthe 4th of July in the little ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=2700.0,2730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"town. We did pretty good with the instruments. We\nnever did learn to sing or to play the piano like my mother wanted us to, or to\ndo the dancing. But at least my mother introduced us to a world of music so that\nthe appetite for that was always there. I guess we'll move on to Birmingham.\n\nDIAMOND: Okay.\n\nBIRNBREY: About 1935, my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=2730.0,2760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"father had reached a very bad stage in his business.\nOh, I wanted to tell you the downtown, the sidewalks were . . there were cement\nsidewalks. In the middle of the business section, a highway ran through, which\nis the situation with most small towns. There were stores for about a\nthree-block area along the highway, and our store was one of these stores. They\nwere small stores. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=2760.0,2790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There would be a grocery store, hardware store, retail dry\ngoods store, a ten-cent store. There was always a place to buy cars. [interview\npauses; then resumes] Automobile dealer--I couldn't think of what name--in the\ntown and this made up the town. The automobile dealer, the stores. But anyway,\nabout 1935, my father, who was not an ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=2790.0,2820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"excellent merchant but he tried. My father\nleft my mother in the store alone and went to Sylacauga [Alabama], trying to get\nsomeone to buy the store and ending up working for someone. We stayed in Pell\nCity until he gave up, closed the store, and we moved back to Birmingham. In\nBirmingham, he got a job. He was making $15 a week. At that time, $15 ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=2820.0,2850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was a\nlittle better, but it was still a very, very modest sum. My mother's brothers\nconstantly brought up to her that Hymie could not make a living. So that's the\nway it went.\n\nDIAMOND: Did your mother work when you went back to Birmingham?\n\nBIRNBREY: She worked on . . . She didn't work where my father worked because for\nthe first time in her life, she was going to be smart about the family finances.\nMy ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=2850.0,2880.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"mother had always picked my father up and she decided, no, this time he would\nhave the job and she would stay home and she would not interfere. You know, she\nhad always been in the store. She would stay in the store all day long and my\nfather would take little rest periods. He would go to the grocery store and he\nwould talk politics for hours. She felt this is the reason the business did not\nsucceed. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=2880.0,2910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think this was rightfully so. Oh, there was another little\npicturesque picture I'd like to present of the small town. Every Saturday night,\na whole group of people would gather around the potbellied stove in the grocery\nstore. Because in a town like this, you knew everybody and everybody knew you.\nAnd the farmer-type people would--I remember this vividly--would chew ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=2910.0,2940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"tobacco\nand spit on the stove, and it would bubble, the spit would bubble. Another thing\nthey would do is eat crackers and cheese. And another thing they would do for\nactivity was tie my little bother with a light rope and watch him untangle\nhimself. It was like Houdini. And they would . . . He enjoyed this and they\nenjoyed this, it wasn't child abuse, but it was something they got such a big\nkick out of it. Also, it was in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=2940.0,2970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this grocery store that I learned my first\nlesson in honesty, my most important lesson in honesty. I took a peanut from the\n. . . I forget the . . .\n\nDIAMOND: Barrel?\n\nBIRNBREY: The barrel and I ate the peanut and my father was very upsetting. He\ntaught me that taking one peanut was as bad as robbing a store. I've remembered\nthat ever since. And I'm very cautious, I will not take the grape ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=2970.0,3000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or the\nwhatever in the grocery store.\n\nDIAMOND: What did he do when . . . Did you tell him you took the peanut or he\nsaw you?\n\nBIRNBREY: I don't know. I don't remember if he saw me or if . . . We had another\nrather sweet incident. There was a hardware store next to us and the hardware\nstore owner knew that my father had five children. So, Christmas Eve used to be\na very, very busy night for the stores. And we stayed open, it must have been\ntwelve o'clock, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=3000.0,3030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"one o'clock in the morning. Well, the hardware store owner gave\ndaddy every single toy that was left over in his store and my father put it in\nfront of the fireplace for us to find in the morning. It was so cute because he\ndid this for a family that was very Orthodox, that knew nothing of Santa Claus,\nand yet he got such a kick out of having us find these ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=3030.0,3060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"toys in front of the\nfireplace. Of course, we enjoyed it so much and we thought like the Messiah had\ncome. It never happened again, and I'm sure it never would happen again. But I\nenjoyed the fact so much that my father would do this.\n\nDIAMOND: And it certainly made a place in your memory.\n\nBIRNBREY: Oh, vivid, vivid place.\n\nDIAMOND: Did you ever do anything like that for your children?\n\nBIRNBREY: No, not really. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=3060.0,3090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Because my children have been raised up so different.\nMy children have had so many, I mean, birthdays are so special. The beginning of\nschool is so special. They have so many special dates that it's not, it wouldn't\nhave the same meaning as it did to us. We did not have the special days. We had\nthe birthday parties. My mother had birthday parties. There was not ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=3090.0,3120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"toys, we\njust didn't have toys. So, this was so extra special. No, my kids would . . .\n\nDIAMOND: Let's go over to Birmingham. Tell me a little bit about your later\nyears, your young adult years, and what that was like for you. I don't know when\nyou met your husband and courtship and dating and that sort of thing.\n\nBIRNBREY: We moved to Birmingham and I went to grammar school and high school\nand all ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=3120.0,3150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that. Before the war started, I had a very, very sick sister who\neventually died of leukemia. We didn't know, there was no name put to it, but\nthis affected our lives very much because it took mother away from home and it\nwas very pressing on the family. Every penny had to go to medical bills because\nin those days, you didn't have medical insurance. You went to a doctor and paid\nfor it. My mother took her to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=3150.0,3180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Mayo Clinic and she was operated on. Her spleen\nwas removed. The doctor told her that it would give her two years and eventually\nshe died. During, while all this was going on, the war started. My father used\nto . . . when he moved back to Birmingham, he went to shul every day, twice a\nday, and he went to the community center to swim every day because he was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=3180.0,3210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"very\nbodybuilding. My mother just got a little plumper. But the army brought in a\nwhole world for us because the soldiers . . . I don't know if you remember this\npart of life, which you probably do . . .\n\nDIAMOND: Well, I'm a little bit younger than that, so I don't remember it the\nway you do.\n\nBIRNBREY: I was the younger one looking in because I had two older sisters. So,\nthis made a big difference to me ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=3210.0,3240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because the sisters dated and of course they\ncame home and they met me but I was not dating. But I got to take part in some\nof the . . . like the community center, we had dances every Saturday night. My\nmother was one of the women that would come and make the cookies and be the\nhostess. My sisters always had dates and I would come to dance. I learned to\ndance the Yankee way. All the boys from the North ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=3240.0,3270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"came to serve in the Army in\nthe South, and I was a hell of a dancer. They danced like nobody in the world\ndanced. We've often told our kids that they don't know what real enjoyment is\nbecause they don't dance, the kids just . . . There are groups that dance, but\nbasically as a whole population these kids do not dance. They don't get the\nenergy of dancing. It's more a society of, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=3270.0,3300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"like we did last night, you go have a\nbaseball game and then you go have beer. It's different. We danced. Oh, there's\nso many stories from this era, I can't begin. To go on with my life . . .\n\nDIAMOND: Well, pick one of those stories. Let's not skip over those wonderful\nstories. Pick one story.\n\nBIRNBREY: One interesting story, a couple of interesting stories, was that there\nwas a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=3300.0,3330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"soldier that we befriended. He was in the Army hospital because he had\ngotten wounded. My mother was a type of person who was a very, very sweet woman\nand constantly opened her home. No matter what she had, it went to everybody.\nShe and I would stay up late because I adored being with her. We would say up to\none o'clock, two o'clock in the morning cleaning the chicken. She would buy the\nchicken, pick the chicken, the chicken would be ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=3330.0,3360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"killed by the Shochet, but she\nwould bring the chicken home, pick the chicken, clean the chicken, take out the\ninsides and clean, clean, clean, make the noodles on the dining room table.\nEvery holiday was a holiday. And she would tell Hymie, \"Hymie, go to shul and\nbring home the boys.\" So, whoever came to shul, because he was partial to the\nboys who came to shul, the soldiers who came to shul. So, we always had many,\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=3360.0,3390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"many soldiers in our house. Many. Two for a meal, three for a meal, five for a\nmeal. Of course, they loved it because we were a house full of girls. My brother\nwas still very, very young. They loved coming to our house. She befriended a\nsoldier who was in the Army hospital who was wounded. I wish I could remember\nhis name. Anyway, he was getting married, so his wife was coming down to\nBirmingham to get ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=3390.0,3420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"married. My mother literally made the wedding for her. She\nbaked a cake, or got a cake, and between her and the other women, they made a\nwedding in the community center, but the cute part about it was that the\nfiancée bought all her lingerie from the Army . . . what do you call the store\nat the Army? PX [Post Exchange].\n\nDIAMOND: PX.\n\nBIRNBREY: She had a khaki girdle, she had khaki pants, she had ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=3420.0,3450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"khaki bra, and we\nall laughed and pleaded with her, \"Oh, please,\" you know, \"let us get you\nsomething or do something. Don't wear these.\" It was so, so cute. But\nnonetheless, she wore her khaki girdle, and in those days, every year wore a\ngirdle. You know, God forbid your hips should wiggle a little bit. She wore her\nkhaki girdle and her khaki bra and her khaki slip and her khaki panties. But she\ngot married. Years ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=3450.0,3480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"later, my mother was in Baltimore [Maryland] and she called\nthis fella. He was driving a cab and he got so excited when he saw my mother and\nhe took her in the cab all over the city. But anyway, that was one of the stories.\n\nDIAMOND: That is wonderful.\n\nBIRNBREY: The basic social part was very hard on me because I was not socially\nsophisticated. And if one of the soldiers . . . I remember one time, I was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=3480.0,3510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"16,\nand a soldier, 20, asked me to go out with him and I said, \"Oh you mean my\nsister.\" And he says, \"No, I mean you.\" And it never occurred to me that\nsomebody would ask me. I was always frightened socially. I could go to the\ndances, but God forbid it was a one-on-one situation. Sometimes I would hide in\nthe closet. I was so afraid of the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=3510.0,3540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"social process. Terrible, it was terrible.\n\nDIAMOND: Was it a matter of being shy, or was it a matter of . . . ?\n\nBIRNBREY: Very shy. It was a matter of being shy.\n\nDIAMOND: Were your . . . your sexual education, and that, how was that handled\nwith your mother and sisters?\n\nBIRNBREY: I laughed about that, because a friend of mine, we just went to\nBirmingham this weekend and we stayed at Courtyard, Marriott Courtyard, and we\nwere given directions going into the town. So, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=3540.0,3570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when we got to the Courtyard,\nHenry, my husband, started jumping up and down. He was so excited. He says, \"Why\ndidn't they tell us that this was the Hollywood Country Club? We danced so much\nhere, and we had such good times,\" because they had the swimming pool and\ndancing and everything. I talked to a friend of mine and told her this story and\nshe said, \"Ricky, that's probably where you made out.\" So, I started laughing\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=3570.0,3600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because we didn't know for making out, you know. I know you're not going to\nbelieve this, but I was in college . . .\n\nDIAMOND: Try me.\n\nBIRNBREY: . . . In college and thought that you got pregnant by kissing. I had\nsuch visions of sex and what sex was and what sex is. Needless to say, I married\nas a virgin. I can't talk for my husband. Sex was such an unrelated subject. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=3600.0,3630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The\nsister next to me was always a biology major and she was always very scientific.\nMy mother taught us nothing. The only thing my mother taught us was that when\nyou had your period, you must not take a shower, you must not wash your hair.\nYou used cloths, the cloths were washed, torn to pieces, and thrown away because\nthis contained blood. My sister in high ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=3630.0,3660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"school had a physical education teacher\nwho taught her about a period and who taught her that during your period, you\nmust be clean. You must do the opposite. You must shower yourself and you must\nwash your hair and you must be clean and it's not going to make you sick and\nit's not going to give you worse periods and all this. I took my sisters very\nseriously, and anything they learned, they passed down to me. My sister, of\ncourse, taught ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=3660.0,3690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"me about Kotex. I was telling someone; we hid these things from\nour parents because they were sort of taboo. I went home with my college\nroommate one time. She took a shower and she screamed out to her father to bring\nher some Kotex. I was in shock. How could you ask a man to bring you some Kotex?\nThe first time I heard my father say there's an ad in the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=3690.0,3720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"paper for brassieres,\nI couldn't believe it. Because how could my father say brassieres? My parents\nhad always slept in twin beds. I never saw them kiss. I never saw them hug. I\ndon't know how my mother had five children, but somehow, she had five children.\nAnd the whole concept of sex was . . .\n\nDIAMOND: What you know now she had five children by being very secret about it.\n\nBIRNBREY: Right. By being very secret about it. You're right. And . . .\n\nDIAMOND: Were you that way with ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=3720.0,3750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"your children or were you . . . ? In what way\nwere you different?\n\nBIRNBREY: It's almost a joke with me and my kids, because me and my kids are\nvery close. And I tried to tell my children but I'm afraid my children knew\nbefore I could tell them. Everything in my house was very open. This is an\nexample. One night, my boys . . . Let me backtrack. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=3750.0,3780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"My boys slept in a room\ntogether, my girl slept in a room together. So one night, this was while Eddie\nwas in high school and David possibly grammar school. The book came out\n\"Everything You Want to Know About Sex but Are Afraid to Ask\". So, Eddie, get\nour copy of the book, which was available, and he was lying in the bed reading\nthe book. So I go to Eddie, I say, \"Eddie, you have a younger brother, don't you\nthink you should at least ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=3780.0,3810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"turn the cover on the wrong side so he doesn't know\nwhat you're reading?\" He says, \"Mom, if David doesn't know what I'm reading, how\nam I going to teach him tonight?\" almost as a joke because . . . and he meant to\ntell me that whatever he reads, David knows. I used to purposely have the kids\nlisten to television or something, and I say, \"Now, if there's any question,\nplease ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=3810.0,3840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ask.\" And they would say, \"Why do you want to know, Mom?\" So, it was\nalways this type of situation. I never really sat down and gave the kids a sex\nlesson. It was just there. It wasn't because I was dying to give them that sex\nlesson, but they always treated me like I was the child who needed to learn and\nthey had all this information available. Kids, when you get dressed, just sit\ndown and make yourself at ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=3840.0,3870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"home, I'm talking out because I have company now from\nkibbutz in Israel.\n\nDIAMOND: Well, that's quite all right. Well, let's get back to when you were\ndating. Did you ever date? I mean, you said you were very, very shy. At what\npoint did you start dating?\n\nBIRNBREY: The dating in high school was always extremely difficult for me. I had\nsome good times, but I could not . . . my biggest problem was trying to make\nsome rules for myself. My mother had taught ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=3870.0,3900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"me, I thought she taught me never to\nkiss a boy. One night, I had a date with a young man I really, really liked, and\nkissing him would have been completely harmless, and I was angry with her\nbecause he didn't ask me out again. I knew that had we kissed, he would have\nasked me out again.\n\nDIAMOND: But you thought you could get pregnant from kissing at that time, so\nyou sure didn't want to do that.\n\nBIRNBREY: Right. I came home and my mother and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=3900.0,3930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"my sisters were there, and we\nalways had conversation time around a cup of tea in the kitchen. I told them and\nI argued with my mother. I was so upset and my sisters laughed at me with my old\nideas of what this was all about. So, I think that evening made me a little more\nrelaxed because I found out that you did have a leeway with this kissing\nbusiness or hugging business. To us, it was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=3930.0,3960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"smooching. So, I was a little more\nrelaxed, and really and truly as a result of this, I had many more dates. My\nbest time, socially, was in college because I felt that college just did\nwonderful things for me. College was . . . this is how I'll have to start. I\nsaid I always followed my sister. My parents, because of my sister, could not\nafford to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=3960.0,3990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"send me to college, but I had always worked on Saturdays and holidays.\nWe all worked on Saturdays and holidays. My sister Miriam had made a pact with\nherself, a pact with God, and she decided that if my sister lived, she would\nwork, not go to college, and help the family pay off the medical bill. If she\ndied, she ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=3990.0,4020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"wouldn't. She would go to college and take care of herself and the\nmedical bills would take longer to get paid off. I didn't realize she had made\nthis pact and I followed my sister. So, she went to college and she worked her\nway through college and she did fine. There was always, in those days, there was\nalways a way to make extra money. And if you went to a state school, it was not\nexpensive to begin with.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=4020.0,4050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"DIAMOND: Did she go to the University of Alabama?\n\nBIRNBREY: She went to University of Alabama.\n\nDIAMOND: And what kind of jobs did she have to work her way through?\n\nBIRNBREY: She was . . . I had an uncle there who had a store, but the aunt\ndidn't like us too much. She felt . . . my two cousins were not as pretty as we\nwere, they were not as popular as we were, and she always felt as if it was our\nfault. So, she was not about to help us. My sister ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=4050.0,4080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Miriam became the bookkeeper\nin the store and made a little money but my aunt was always angry at her. She\nalways made things more difficult than they should be. The uncle tried to be\nvery sweet to us but the aunt . . . If she had a date come to the store and pick\nher up, my aunt was angry. She would say something like, \"Don't you have more\nwork to do?\" It was this sort of situation. But nonetheless, working in the lab\nor in the library or whenever, she made enough ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=4080.0,4110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"money to keep herself in school.\nWe always lived in the dormitory and that was not expensive. I think my\ndormitory was like $33 a quarter, and food, you somehow or another managed food.\nYou either ate in the cafeteria or you ate two meals instead of three meals.\nSomehow or another you worked; you managed eating.\n\nDIAMOND: What do you do about the orthodoxy, the kosher laws?\n\nBIRNBREY: The kosher ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=4110.0,4140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"laws, I threw to the wind. I went to college, there were no\nkosher. They disappeared. The kosher laws growing up was different to us because\nwe were Orthodox but my father . . . we never really had an understanding of it.\nMy father never taught us or never shared it. It was something for him,\nsomething for a man. Since we were not ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=4140.0,4170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"men, there was no relevance. We went to\nHebrew school after school but the knowledge was not there, absolutely not\nthere. Today, my kids are more educated than I am, and I was determined to get\nthem educated because I missed this and I felt that my life had something\nmissing because I was not educated in Judaism. I've tried to, in my own way,\nmake it up. I feel strongly about ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=4170.0,4200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"children getting this. They need it.\n\nDIAMOND: I think that's been very obvious in your commitment to Hebrew Academy.\n\nBIRNBREY: Absolutely, absolutely. I hope and pray that my grandchildren will do\nit. It's going to take some pushing. But I think the best thing that a Jew can\nhave is knowledge of his own Judaism. Knowledge, and I don't mean stomach\nknowledge. I do not think that being kosher is the end all and the be all of\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=4200.0,4230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Judaism. I think it's a lovely part of it, I think it's an enrichment, but it is\nnot everything to Judaism. The knowledge is the most . . . I'm giving you a lecture.\n\nDIAMOND: I understand where you're coming from.\n\nBIRNBREY: But I found it myself because I found that my husband, even though he\nonly had, in Germany, my husband comes from Germany, he only had the basic\nelementary knowledge of going to a Jewish school--his mother served ham, his\nmother would have ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=4230.0,4260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"probably been considered Reform--he has a much, much richer\nbackground in the knowledge of Judaism than I do. I had the beauty of the home\nand holidays, but he has the beauty of knowing the richness that is being Jewish.\n\nDIAMOND: With his background being somewhat Reformed, and yours being Orthodox,\nbut mainly for the boys, how did you end up involved in the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=4260.0,4290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"community where you\nare today?\n\nBIRNBREY: Well, that was easy. That was no problem at all because we were\nattracted to one another, I think down deep we had basically the same ideas. I'm\ngetting into a lot of philosophy and if you want to erase and of this, you can\nerase it.\n\nDIAMOND: Nothing, nothing.\n\nBIRNBREY: If any of this is just plain interesting, I'll keep going.\n\nDIAMOND: Keep going.\n\nBIRNBREY: I have a conviction that girls marry a way of life. They look ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=4290.0,4320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for\nlove, and I don't mean that they marry somebody they hate, but I think down\ndeep, you will pass over many dates because you would like to find the fellow\nthat you can love and you can love his way of life. This is very important. I am\nconvinced that it had a lot to do with my marriage. I think it makes the love\neven stronger because you're joining one another instead of fighting one\nanother. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=4320.0,4350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"To me, Henry was always rich in what he liked and what he enjoyed. I\ntalk about traveling. My mansion is . . .\n\nDIAMOND: This is a second interview with Ricky Birnbrey at her home on August\n13, 1987. It's for the American Jewish Committee and the Council of Jewish\nWomen's Oral History Project; Jewish Women of Achievement. Margery ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=4350.0,4380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Diamond\ninterviewer. Alright, let's start today with your telling a little bit about\nyour job running a newspaper in a suburb out of Birmingham. How did you get to\nthe point where you got to be able to do that?\n\nBIRNBREY: Let me get a starting point. Let's see, I finished college and before I\nfinished college, I was offered a job in Pell City, but my father told me he\ndidn't want me to get a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=4380.0,4410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"job in Pell City because it was a KKK [Ku Klux Klan]\ntown. I knew what was bothering him was not . . . . and he reminded me that\nthese principals were against anything that I was brought up to believe, which\nwas true. He gave me a beautiful lecture about it. I didn't believe in\nsegregation, and I certainly didn't believe in anything that a man would\nseparate white from black ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=4410.0,4440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or white from Jewish or white from Catholic or any\ntype of white supremacy. So, I understood that. I also understood that my father\ndid not want a girl of 21, 22 moving to a town like Pell City, where she would\nnever have a chance of meeting a Jewish boy because his highest priority would\nbe for me to marry a Jewish boy. Jokingly, I failed ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=4440.0,4470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"him, because in those days\nyou married right out of high school. If you didn't make it out of high school,\nyou went to secretarial school and got married within a year. And I went to\ncollege, which was a no-no to many girls, and usually if a girl went to college,\nshe certainly married the first year. And here I did the horrible thing of\ngraduating and not getting married. But that's the way it ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=4470.0,4500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was. So anyway, I did\nnot take the job in Pell City. They had already run a picture about me and a\nstory about me that I was coming to run the newspaper, but I wasn't too unhappy\nabout that because the publisher had come to woo me, so to speak, in Birmingham\nand was fresh and I just knew this wasn't the job. Fresh to me could have been a\nwink, a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=4500.0,4530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"touch. I don't want the wrong idea to come through, because fresh to me\nwas still any advance.\n\nDIAMOND: You felt uncomfortable.\n\nBIRNBREY: Uncomfortable. That's a good word. So anyway, I started work . . . I\nwent to New York for a little while, just for a visit, and came back and started\nworking in the store because I couldn't get a job in journalism. Finally, I got\na job in an outskirt of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=4530.0,4560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Birmingham being society editor. Joke, because there\nwasn't much society in Ensley, Alabama. Then the publisher of a newspaper in . .\n. I'm trying to think of the town in Birmingham . . . The publisher of a\nnewspaper in a small town near Birmingham, came in to visit with me. I don't\neven know how he knew that I was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=4560.0,4590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"capable of the job, but he came to see me. His\nnickname was Pigeon, I can't remember his name. Pigeon came in to see me and he\ntold me that he wanted me to run his newspaper in a part of Birmingham, not a\npart of Birmingham, a small town about 11 miles out of Birmingham called Tarrant\nCity, Alabama. Ironically, Tarrant City, Alabama, was the real seat of the Ku\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=4590.0,4620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Klux Klan. But anyway, I went for a ride with him and he showed me the town and\nhe started talking to me about taking the job as editor of the newspaper. Editor\nof the newspaper really meant editor, publisher, newspaper boy, advertising\nmanager, and everything else, because it was me. That's it. No help, no nothing.\nBut I wanted this job so badly. We went for a ride, and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=4620.0,4650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"he started telling me\nabout the town. And he told me . . . he showed me, he didn't introduce me\nbecause this was a ride, he showed me the many merchants in town and the ones\nwho would advertise with me. He said, \"There's one weak point,\" and I said,\n\"What is that?\" He passed this old store and he says, \"The town hates this one\nperson.\" I said, \"Who is it?\" He said, \"He's a Jew.\" And I said, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=4650.0,4680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"What was the\nproblem?\" He said, \"Well, they felt that during the war,\" and everybody was very\nsensitive about World War Two and especially about 4-Fs, and if you don't\nunderstand 4-Fs, that means that you were not healthy enough to get into the\nArmy. It seems that this man went to get into the Army and the Army sent him\nback because his health wasn't good enough and because he was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=4680.0,4710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish, it was\nrumored everywhere that he paid to get his way out of the Army. Everything in\nlife comes back to haunt you. This isn't the way to put it, but this man\nhappened to have been married to the sister of a cousin.\n\nDIAMOND: Oh, no.\n\nBIRNBREY: Yeah. It was pitiful because he did die of a heart ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=4710.0,4740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"attack very early\nin life, I would say in his middle, end 30s, if not his middle 40s. He didn't\nlive any longer than that. So, it was sad that the town felt this way. I don't\nknow if anybody had a reason to feel this way or what, but it was true that he\ndid have a heart condition. So, I realized that this town was not going to be\neasy for a Jewish girl. I told him, I said, \"Pigeon, you know I'm Jewish,\"\nbecause if ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=4740.0,4770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I've ever done anything in my life, it is not hide my Judaism. I\nthink if they gave me a yellow star to wear, I would wear it because anything\nI've done has been straightforward. You know I'm Jewish. Anyway, I tell Pigeon,\nI said, \"Well, you know, I'm Jewish.\" And he said, \"Look, Ricky, if it bothers\nyou, it's a problem, but it doesn't bother me.\" I felt good about ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=4770.0,4800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that. Anyway,\nI was glad that he put it to me, the nature of the town. I mean, there were no\nbones about it. This was going to be tough, and especially tough for a Jewish\ngirl. It was going to be tough for a girl to begin with, and it was going to be\nextra tough for a Jewish girl. But he picked me. Anyway, I made a pact with\nmyself and I said, \"I'm going to take this job and before I leave this ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=4800.0,4830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"job, this\ntown is going to like me and they're going to like me knowing that I'm Jewish.\"\nI had a wonderful . . . it was only one year because I get married in a year. I\nhad a wonderful year and just as I had predicted, the town liked me and they\nliked me knowing that I was Jewish. One of the main reasons they liked me is\nbecause I did something that the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=4830.0,4860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Southern Israelite is doing right now except,\nthey do it every week, and I ran it one week. That's what's known as a\npromotional issue. You'll notice what I'm talking about when I tell you. That\nwas to get every merchant in town to run an ad in my paper. In return, I would\nrun an article about their business. Does that sound familiar?\n\nDIAMOND: Yes.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=4860.0,4890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BIRNBREY: Okay. The Jewish Times has just started on a really bang-bang basis\nbecause they make one issue the restaurants in town, the next issue the beauty\nparlors in town, the next issue something like that. So, my issue, which\nhappened to have been the largest newspaper they had ever received in Tarrant\nCity, was about the town itself. I ran an article on every business, everybody,\nanything you can imagine that happened in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=4890.0,4920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Tarrant City.\n\nDIAMOND: And you had to write all the articles yourself?\n\nBIRNBREY: All those articles, take all the pictures, because I was also the town\nphotographer, the newspaper photographer. Each business had a picture, each\nbusiness had a picture of the person, the owner of the business. Because in\ntowns like that, it wasn't a Rich's, a Davidson's, it was the local merchant in\nhis store. We had a picture of the local ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=4920.0,4950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"merchant and his store. But along with\nit, the mayor, or whoever, proclaimed a Tarrant City Day, which, not to brag,\nbut I instigated because we were going to have the newspaper come out on Tarrant\nCity Day. Along with Tarrant City Day, we had this huge parade and everybody\nthat was anything in Tarrant City was in the parade, along with the pig of the\ntown, the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=4950.0,4980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"dog of the town, and the horse of the town and you name it of the\ntown. To me, it was a wonderful, wonderful, remarkable day. I must have been out\nthere at six o'clock, ready for the lights to turn on and certainly ready for my\nnewspaper to show up. Anyway, I think that, above anything, helped make the town\nmy town. Along with that, I used to go to all the . . . in order to get the\nnews, I would have to go to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=4980.0,5010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"all the local meetings, which was the Rotary Club,\nthe Jaycees, the Optimist Club, because this is where my news stemmed from. In\nthose days, every club was a men's club because there was no such thing as\nwomen. Women just weren't there. Anyway, I think that's the bulk of my\nexperience in Tarrant City. They used to joke with me that \"We ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=5010.0,5040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"can't have ham\nbecause Ricky is not going to eat the ham.\" They would all bring practical jokes\nbecause I was the young girl that was there. They brought the fork that fell\ndown and whatever practical jokes was to be played on me. Anyway, I loved it and\nI'm sure they loved it. There was a meeting of the KKK and my brother was going\nto take me for protection. It was at the ballpark, but they called it ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=5040.0,5070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"off. They\ndidn't call it off because of me, it was just called off. I knew down deep that\nevery merchant that I had played up in the newspaper was a member of the KKK. I\nmean, it was just that the town was just that solid. It was ironic because the\ntype of town my father did not want to be working in was the type of town I\nended [up] working in. But there was no problem. I mean, I felt very good about\nit because I felt like ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=5070.0,5100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they had this side of Judaism, which they had never known\nbefore, because they had just known the merchants who were making money and who\n. . . I don't even know if the merchants lived in Tarrant City, but that's where\ntheir store was. That too could have caused hard feelings of being in a store in\na small town [but] living in Birmingham. But whatever, anyway, I had met my\nhusband, my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=5100.0,5130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"husband-to-be, at this time.\n\nDIAMOND: How did you do that? How did you meet?\n\nBIRNBREY: We met in Birmingham because I commuted every morning. I too was\nliving in Birmingham, working in Tarrant City. So anyway, Henry came into\nBirmingham for Masada meeting, which was a young Zionist group. He was very\ninvolved in Zionism, to the point that he helped ship guns over for the War of\nIndependence and did anything he could to make Israel a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=5130.0,5160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"state. This tape really\nshould be of his life, not my life. His foster brother did immigrate to Israel\nto fight in the war, so there was a real closeness there. We met at this\nconvention. It was funny because there were two conventions going on at the same\ntime, and it was almost like . . . not black and white, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=5160.0,5190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but yellow and blue,\nI'll say, or pink and blue, because that was Labor Day weekend. We had this\nconvention of young Zionist men and Hadassah women and also taking place, and\nyou going to smile at this, was the Jubilee, which was the ZBT [Zeta Beta Tau]\nHell weekend in Birmingham. Lucky me, I was participating in both. In\nBirmingham, we had what's known as Blue Laws; you ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=5190.0,5220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"couldn't drink on Sunday. So,\nthe ZBT Hell started at 12:01, Sunday night. It was a wild dance. Did you ever\ngo to that?\n\nDIAMOND: No, I didn't.\n\nBIRNBREY: But you knew about it?\n\nDIAMOND: I've heard about it.\n\nBIRNBREY: Okay, so I participated in the Young Zionist weekend, because I was\npresident of Hadassah and Henry was some kind of big shot in Masada. He was\nalways a big shot. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=5220.0,5250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But I guess in my way . . .\n\nDIAMOND: You were a big shot, too.\n\nBIRNBREY: I didn't think of it that way. Because when I met him, and started\ngoing with him, I had to laugh because a couple of years before that, I went to\na banquet and a girlfriend of mine pointed Henry out. Henry was sitting on the\npodium. He was the president of something. She said, \"Well, he's my date.\" I\nstarted ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=5250.0,5280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"laughing because I didn't think he was cute at all and here she is\nbragging that he was her date. And then years later, I was to marry him.\n\nDIAMOND: Well, big shots don't have to be all that cute.\n\nBIRNBREY: Well, that's the way it was. Anyway, he asked me to go out Sunday\nnight . . . Oh, he told me that . . wait. We met playing baseball at the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=5280.0,5310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"picnic\nSunday afternoon and he told me . . . I was running from base to base and he\nlaughed. He said, \"That was the biggest behind I've ever seen in my life.\"\n[laughs] But Henry was always that way, you know, to me. There was never a\ncompliment, it was always something like that. Anyway, I told him that I could\ngo out Sunday night provided that he took me home soon enough to get dressed in\na formal dress to go to the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=5310.0,5340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jubilee Ball. So, he took me out and he made sure\nthat I was late and that was terribly embarrassing because I had to run home,\npractically face the other date, and run in and change from slacks to an evening\ngown. But that was another thing . . . Which I really don't . . . I think we\ntalked a lot about the other boy I was dating at the time, but that really is\nunnecessary. Anyway, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=5340.0,5370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Henry and I, our quote love affair started from the bottom\nand went to the top. I told you about this. I really didn't like him when I met\nhim. To me, he was the same fella sitting on the podium that I said, \"Hahaha,\"\nbut I got to know him little by little, and it turned out very good. I would go\nfrom Birmingham to Atlanta to visit, or Henry would come in from Atlanta to\nBirmingham. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=5370.0,5400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And during tax season--and I gave him a hard time the whole time\nduring tax season--he said he was ready to give up on me because it was just too\ndifficult making that drive. But anyway, we were married two days after tax\nseason. In those days, tax season was over March 15, not April 15. We were\nmarried March 18, that Sunday. They even ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=5400.0,5430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"painted the basement of the synagogue\nfor our wedding because, strangely enough, people didn't marry in synagogues in\nthose days. They married in hotels because she could get married in the hotel\nand you could have a dinner and dancing and that would . . . But that wasn't the\nwedding that I wanted. I almost can't understand it now, but I guess this\nfeeling for Judaism was very much a part of my life. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=5430.0,5460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I was a maverick having the\nwedding in the synagogue. There was no dancing. There was not the whole, what do\nyou call . . .\n\nDIAMOND: Celebration, kind of thing?\n\nBIRNBREY: Not celebration, but the whole aura of . . . there's a better word . .\n. of . . .\n\nDIAMOND: Ambiance?\n\nBIRNBREY: Ambiance of a celebration was not there. It was a wedding, but a\nbeautiful wedding. I had a bridal gown and I had the whole wedding party and the\nchuppah was on the bimah and the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=5460.0,5490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"rabbi was there and everything. This is what I\nwanted. I must have invited the entire city of Tarrant City, and I can only\nimagine how they felt being at a wedding like this, because the whole synagogue\nwas crowded. We did not have a dinner. Mother and I used to run every day to the\nElectrik Maid Bakery to get kosher cakes. We were almost like collecting the\ncakes to have enough for the wedding. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=5490.0,5520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In order for a wedding to be a religious\ncelebration, you still have to have a meal, but at the meal there was only a\nsmall group of people. I think Henry was so embarrassed because his friends came\nall the way from Atlanta and there was not a meal for everybody. There was a\nsmall group of people eating. But to be honest with you, I didn't know. I didn't\nknow how a wedding was supposed to be because the only other ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=5520.0,5550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"wedding I had gone\nto was my sisters' weddings. One had a very large wedding at a hotel and I\ndidn't even remember that part of it, that everybody had sat down or to eat or\nwhat. I was just naive. My mother and I put the wedding together. I was always\none of these people that never wanted my family to have to spend money on me.\nThat was a very serious part of my life. God forbid ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=5550.0,5580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/187","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they should spend extra\nbecause it was me. So, the wedding itself was, other than painting the basement,\nwas very simple. Other than the gowns or things like that. I even more my\nsister's wedding gown. I don't know how to explain this but to myself, I wasn't\npinch penny, but I always worried about this. [Speaking to someone entering the\nhouse] I hope you didn't hear any of this.\n\nUKNOWN: You're all ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=5580.0,5610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/188","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"good, I don't judge.\n\nDIAMOND: Let me stop a minute. Alright, you just finished describing your wedding.\n\nBIRNBREY: Yes.\n\nDIAMOND: And how you were very conservative financially.\n\nBIRNBREY: Right.\n\nDIAMOND: You've had two daughters get married.\n\nBIRNBREY: Yes.\n\nDIAMOND: How did that differ, or what were those weddings like?\n\nBIRNBREY: All out. I love to celebrate, absolutely love to celebrate. I'm a\nproblem within myself. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=5610.0,5640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/189","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Money . . . I haven't gone to the other extreme, but I\ndon't know what money is to me. We had four weddings. We went to hell. It wasn't\njust the girls. I'm sure you did the same thing because I heard about your\nwedding. It wasn't just the girls, it was the boys, too. We had to have a great\ngroom's dinner. It couldn't have been just a plain groom's dinner, a great\ngroom's dinner. We had great weddings, from soup to nuts. I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=5640.0,5670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/190","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"mean, as far as . .\n. there is an automatic limit because both girls wanted to be married in the\nsynagogue and both girls wanted dinners in the synagogue, so there has to be a\nlimit of how much the synagogue, how much you can celebrate in the synagogue.\nSo, because I was limited to--you're going to laugh--I was limited to 300\npeople, and I had to have 300 people. I did not have 200 because ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=5670.0,5700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it would be\ncomfortable and beautiful. The stress was put on how many people. If I had to\nhave it less beautiful, I would have had less beautiful, more people.\n\nDIAMOND: Because you wanted to include everyone?\n\nBIRNBREY: I wanted to include everybody. It was a celebration. Yeah.\n\nDIAMOND: So, in that way it was probably similar. You included a lot of people\nin your own wedding, too.\n\nBIRNBREY: Absolutely. And I guess the other wedding, I had that very much in\nmind because I wanted to have everybody and I didn't care what they ate ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=5700.0,5730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as long\nas everybody was there. And the photographer from Tarrant City took my pictures.\nHe even made a recording but the recording broke. The only thing recorded at my\nwedding was . . . I have to laugh because the big thing in the rabbi's sermon\nwas that I should keep kosher. And we recording?\n\nDIAMOND: Yeah. We're fine.\n\nBIRNBREY: The whole theme of his sermon was on keeping kosher. And I laugh when\nI think about the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=5730.0,5760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/193","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"rabbi who did my wedding because he had eight children and he\neventually moved I think to Canada. Rabbis Silverbird. Birmingham was\ninteresting with rabbis because we always had new rabbis that were trying out\nfor the pulpit. We did not get the . . . a rabbi didn't stay in Birmingham very\nlong, but we had some outstanding rabbis. We had a Rabbi Birnbaum that wrote the\nprayer book that most of the shuls use. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=5760.0,5790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/194","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think AA [Ahavath Achim] uses it, or\nif they don't use it now, they have in the past. We had one rabbi who was the\nfirst flying rabbi, first chaplain in the Air Force. He died incidentally in the\nwar, got killed. And he was very young, and his wife was very beautiful. But\nanyway, no, the business of money has been . . . I said this, I don't know if it\nwas part of what recorded but, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=5790.0,5820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I forget how I said it, but I have bought my\nmansion through giving, through really giving for Jewish education, for Jewish\ncauses, and for education itself. That's where everything has gone.\n\nDIAMOND: That's your priority?\n\nBIRNBREY: That's my priority. That's a better way to put it. That's my priority, different.\n\nDIAMOND: How does that manifest itself today? What kinds of things do, or have\nyou done, for Jewish education?\n\nBIRNBREY: I'm a bit ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=5820.0,5850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/196","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"mixed up because my train of thought was flowing so much\nbetter with the other one. My kids have gone to the Academy, and anything we\nhave done . . . [interview pauses; then resumes] anything we have done has\nalways been, not just as a member, but as an active . . . We belong to the\nsynagogue. I'm sure you're the same way. It's always been a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=5850.0,5880.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"contributing member\nof the synagogue. Since we've gotten involved with the Academy, it's been a very\nactive relationship. When Henry and I got married, I had never really had a debt\nduring my whole life term except paying for school. In that, I was always in\ndebt. But I always paid it off. But when I got married, we had an existing debt\nto the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=5880.0,5910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Federation and this drove me up a wall because I could never understand\nhow a person could pledge a sum of money and not . . . if they didn't have it,\nyou know, and this is the way Henry is. The pledge is always there and he always\nmakes the pledge. And as newlyweds, I couldn't believe that a person could do\nthis. He had pledged $225. And I think that even in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=5910.0,5940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/199","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"today's money for a young\ncouple in their twenties to give $225 . . . I joke about it now, but in\nretrospect, I don't even know young kids of today who give that kind of money\nthe first year they are married. Henry had been giving this kind of money all\nhis life. He had been giving a portion of whatever. You either take out a loan\nfor it or ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=5940.0,5970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/200","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you pay it off every month. To me, it was such an awesome sum of money\nhanging over the head to pay that $225. I couldn't even cope with it. But we\ndid. We paid it off. And the next year we made a pledge a little higher and we\npaid it off. That's the way it goes. But things have gotten . . . it's not the\nsame. It's much ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=5970.0,6000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"more money, but it's not the same awesome amount today as it was\nin those days.\n\nDIAMOND: You've learned historically to do what you say you can.\n\nBIRNBREY: Right, right. And the truth of the matter is I can do it that minute\nif I want to do it that minute. But having an accountant for a husband, you do\nit the way you handle money, so . . .\n\nDIAMOND: Having worked running a newspaper and then getting married, did you\nwork after? What was your lifestyle like then?\n\nBIRNBREY: Well, this is a problem I have to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=6000.0,6030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"tackle with today because it's a\nmatter of priorities. In those days, young married women did not go out and\nwork. They stayed home and they took care of families. I can never . . . I never\nknow to this day if I am sorry or not that I did not go out in the field I was\nin, because once you stop something, you lose the momentum of it. I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=6030.0,6060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"chose\nimmediately to help my husband. It was that type of thing. Yes, I did go to\nwork, but I changed . . . and this is another ironic part of my life because my\nfather always wanted me to go to business school. He always wanted me . . . If I\nwas in college, why don't you take accounting? And here I go and take something\nglamorous like journalism, and I end up in an accountant's office being a\nsecretary. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=6060.0,6090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I have been in the office since, but I've enjoyed the office because\nI've enjoyed being in the workplace, getting up, getting out, getting dressed,\nbeing with people. The same as you enjoy your profession. Sometimes I wish I had\ntaken teaching because you can teach and be the mother, whereas other\nprofessions you don't have . . . If I had wanted to go into journalism and I\nthink I could have gotten a job in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=6090.0,6120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/205","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"journalism with the newspaper, I don't think\nit would have been a problem. But you can't . . . it is never a nine to five\njob. It is always a 12 hour day and on-call 24 hours a day, because I would not\nhave been the society editor and even being the society editor, I would have had\nto give it the 12 hours. I'm sitting on the end of my seat again. But I might as\nwell stay there.\n\nDIAMOND: How did you use your ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=6120.0,6150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/206","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"journalism? Did you use it in a volunteer way at all?\n\nBIRNBREY: Yes. I was immediately brought into the volunteer field. I don't think\nit was to my advantage, but I enjoyed it. I didn't start from the bottom, I\nstarted from the top. I forgot which group I was in to begin with. Leah Channis\n[sp] was president. Anyway, because of my ability, I became president . . . I\nmean, not president, Hadassahgram [sp] ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=6150.0,6180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"editor very early in the marriage. Just\nlike running the Tarrant City News, everybody was involved. The presidents were\na strategic part of my job because everybody used to work with me and because I\nhad children one after the other to the number four, they would always come\nover, bring copy for me, and sit and babysit while I worked on the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=6180.0,6210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"newspaper.\nAnd they all . . . but the cute part about it is when I see these ladies today,\nthey all have a grin on their face because they remember those days and they\nalways talk about having to babysit when I put out the paper, because the\nHadassahgram became very much like the Tarrant City News, and that was that I\ndidn't have to work too much on advertising, but I did everything else. You\nknow, you got the news, you wrote the news, you took the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=6210.0,6240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/209","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"pictures. Except I\nthink we had some wonderful issues because it had a lot more public relations\nthan they do today. Today, there's not the same amount of . . . I shouldn't even\ncompare, but there's not the same excitement in the newspaper as there was when\nI had it. It was almost like a local little chat sheet, with all the pictures\nand ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=6240.0,6270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"all the doings. That was another success of my newspaper was that we had all\nthese women bringing . . . one or two women bringing in the outside little\ncountry news, and I would always print it as they had written it. I wouldn't\nchange the, I never changed the grammar to be proper because to me that was part\nof the humor and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=6270.0,6300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the hometownness of the writer, that you would print it exactly,\nalmost as if she was talking to you and telling you the events of her little town.\n\nDIAMOND: I'm sitting here thinking about the similarities between your mother\nhelping your father and you helping your husband [in business]. Can you talk a\nlittle bit about your children and whether they are also involved with their\nhusbands in a business way, or what their life is like?\n\nBIRNBREY: I really want to include my husband too ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=6300.0,6330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"much, but I guess that's not\nnecessary. I mean, his life, because that was so interesting to all this . . .\n\nDIAMOND: We can do that. We have time. Whichever you want to do first is fine.\n\nBIRNBREY: No, my children are very much that way. My oldest daughter married a\nboy from Atlanta and, one month after she got married, moved to Israel. They\nlived on kibbutz a year because that's the way Shai [Robkin] wanted. Judy did\nnot want to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=6330.0,6360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/213","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"go to kibbutz. As it ended up, Judy didn't want to leave kibbutz,\nand Shai wanted to leave kibbutz. We were visiting at the time he left. Judy was\ngiven the job of . . . in the children's, in the baby house. If you're familiar\nwith kibbutzim, the babies lived separate from the parents. She would take care\nof the babies, and I would get such a kick out of watching her because she would\nhave nine-month-old ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=6360.0,6390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"infants sitting at a table as if they were little grown\npeople and she would feed four or five children. Today, if a person has a\nnine-month-old infant, they're running around in circles trying to take care of\nthe one infant and here she had everybody and there were no paper diapers on\nkibbutz, there were diapers you washed. But no problem with her. She had the\nfive sitting around the table eating their food. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=6390.0,6420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We visited one time after the\nkids were on kibbutz, because we are constantly visiting Israel, and we always\ncount how many times we visit Israel. Of course, one of our relatives told us .\n. . Henry was bragging about how many times he had been there and the relatives\nsaid, \"No, you're wrong. You should visit once. You should live here.\" Ever\nsince then I remember ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=6420.0,6450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that, and I don't count the times. But anyway, Shai, her\nhusband, came over to us and he said, \"Mom and dad, I want you to know that\nwe're leaving kibbutz and I'm afraid that our friends will think you talked us\nout of kibbutz. I am going to have our friends over tonight and explain it to\nthem so that they'll understand that you had no part in this.\" Because it was\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=6450.0,6480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/217","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"coincidental that we were visiting at the time. He said jokingly, and it was\nvery cute, he said, \"All my life, I've dreamed of being a Zionist. And I have\nbeen a Zionist. And all my life I dreamed of being a Zionist by working the land\nand going back to the land, which is a true Zionist.\" He says, \"But I never\ndreamed that I was not cut out to be a farmer.\" He absolutely could ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=6480.0,6510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/218","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not take the\nfarming part of it, it was just driving him, he just couldn't do it. They were\nwaking up at four o'clock and they were going to sleep at eleven o'clock because\nat four o'clock you had to feed, at eleven o'clock you had to put out the\nirrigation pipes. It's a very hard, hard life and you do have to be cut out to\nbe a farmer. Work early morning, take your afternoon nap, and work until late at\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=6510.0,6540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/219","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"night. So it was very cute. Anyway, and Judy hated to leave because she had\nbecome very attached to the children's house. Of course, needless to say, they\nwere extremely fond. This was an American kibbutz, and Shai had been with these\npeople for years, planning to come to Israel and be on this kibbutz. Today, they\nstill have ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=6540.0,6570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/220","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"contact because they would still go back for weekends and still these\nwere their close friends. But he could not take the farming. They moved to\nJerusalem and Shai went to work for Bank Hapoalim. His job was in foreign\ncurrency and he was very good, did very well at the job. Judy went to work with\nchildren. She had taught two years here at the Hebrew Academy, and there she got\na job in a preschool. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=6570.0,6600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/221","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In Israel, they are much more conscious of schooling, of\ndaycare, than we are here. She was offered a fantastic job, we thought, to be on\nthe faculty at Hebrew University. And she would . . . they were building a\nclosed-circuit studio for her. Now, don't picture something ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=6600.0,6630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/222","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that you would\npicture in the States. I mean, the immediate thought is this tremendous place\nfor taking pictures. You have to get down Israeli levels. Do you need to turn\nthat over?\n\nDIAMOND: I was looking to see. But I think we got a few more minutes.\n\nBIRNBREY: So, it was a small building that they would rework and it would be a\ntelevision studio. She would have a class in this studio. The purpose was to\nteach ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=6630.0,6660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/223","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"immigrants how to raise their children because the problem in Israel is\nthat you have so many nationalities coming in and you have so many customs and\nso many personal habits of mothers and fathers that they have to be retrained in\nthe simplest manner. For instance, we learned that there was a group who came in\nfrom, I believe, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=6660.0,6690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/224","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Morocco. The families would sleep under the bed because they\ndid not know how to sleep on a bed. Now, this is not to put down Moroccans\nbecause there are two groups of Jews coming from Morocco, some very primitive,\nsome very educated. And this was true in many countries in Eastern, and I don't\nknow if it was particularly Moroccan. See, I'm always conscious of hurting . . .\n[interview pauses; then resumes]\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=6690.0,6720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/225","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRINBREY: . . . go back to Judy.\n\nDIAMOND: No, no, no. Just tell me what you just said. The reason you and Henry\nare so interesting.\n\nBIRNBREY: We were talking a little bit that my mind, as I'm talking to this\ntape, I keep thinking of things the way my husband gets involved in all my\nthoughts, because his life is so terribly interesting and making this record,\nwhich I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=6720.0,6750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/226","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"never dreamed I would be doing, I'm so fascinated by the difference\nbetween the two people. It's almost as if it's two poles away, because here I\nam, the little country girl in extreme south America. I mean, a southern little\ntown with the blacks in the farms and the whites in the cities and little cities\nand all this that's ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=6750.0,6780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/227","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"going on, little America. And here's my husband who was\ncaught up in the Holocaust in the big city in Europe. His life is so interesting\nbecause . . . my life is interesting because I play such a varied role of the\nAmerican woman and I don't think it's the usual path of a lot of American\n[women]. I think it's a little off the path. And Henry was off the path of his\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=6780.0,6810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/228","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"time. He was the boy sent from Europe to get away from Hitler. His mother sent\nhim and the Council of Jewish Women sponsored him, and as I have told my person\n. . . how can I . . . ?\n\nDIAMOND: Me? I'm your interviewer.\n\nBIRNBREY: My interview . . . I didn't know how to . . . my interviewer before,\nif it had not been for the Council of Jewish Women, this is very sincere, my\nhusband would not be alive today. It wouldn't even be a matter ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=6810.0,6840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/229","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of . . . Although\nif somebody had sent him to Israel, he would be. But the Council of Jewish Women\ntook him and mothered him and that's why I was so interested when you called. I\nsaid, \"I've got to do this because it's for the Council.\" I really feel a big\ndebt there, because he's very important to me, needless to say, and they did so\nmuch for him.\n\nDIAMOND: Tell us a little bit about his story. There's no law that says we can't\ndo that.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=6840.0,6870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/230","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BIRNBREY: His mother put him on a plane. This was where we were talking about . .\n. not a plane. He lived in Dortmund, Germany and [his] parents, realizing what\nwas going on, had sort of prepared their children for this. There was the\nEnglish background. I don't know how many years they had to prepare, but\nnonetheless, he was a little prepared. His mother found a sponsor for him, which\nwas the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=6870.0,6900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/231","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Council of Jewish Women and put him on a train. Then he took a boat, a\nship, that brought him to the States and brought him to Birmingham where he\nlived with a member of Council who we only have the fondest memories of. I'm\nsorry, she's dead today. Kroneheim [sp]. I can't think of her first name, it's\nthat terrible. It was so fond of her and I can't think of her first name.\n\nDIAMOND: It'll come back.\n\nBIRNBREY: Who was a member of the Loveman family, big ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=6900.0,6930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/232","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"department store in\nBirmingham, and then he later lived with another woman in Birmingham, Mrs.\nCotton, who I think of fondly. And if you know Harriet Ointlacker, she worked at\nFederation for many years, that's her mother. He lived with her a year. Then his\nfather was beat up on Kristallnacht, which was I believe November 9. He didn't\neven, this is a funny way to put it, he didn't even make it to a gas chamber. He\nwas beat up and from ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=6930.0,6960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/233","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"then on, went downhill, and he died. His mother died within\na year after. Henry received a letter that she died of a heart attack, but it\nreminds me of . . . Did you see this television show, \"Holocaust\"?\n\nDIAMOND: Yes.\n\nBIRNBREY: The way this young girl is raped and sent to a gas chamber, and the\nmother gets a letter saying, \"I'm sorry, your daughter died of a heart attack.\"\nTo me, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=6960.0,6990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/234","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I always have this feeling that what really happened, because it happened\nso suddenly. When he left Germany, she was fine and all of a sudden, within a\nyear, within a few months, she was dead. It just really didn't make sense. I\ndon't know if his family covered up for a young child or if this really happened\nthat she just, after the father died, just suffered and suffered and went\ncompletely downhill because she was supposed ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=6990.0,7020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/235","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to . . . had to be a maid in\nsomeone's home and worked real hard. So, I don't know what happened. Anyway,\nwhat makes his story still more interesting is that he was such a Zionist all\nthese years and immediately as a young man . . . Of course, he was terribly\nsmart, went through grammar school and high school in like a year, and went into\nthe Army. Because of his skills was an ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=7020.0,7050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/236","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"intelligence . . . He wasn't an officer,\nbut he was an intelligence Private, an intelligence . . . what is the next step\nup from a Private?\n\nDIAMOND: Sergeant?\n\nBIRNBREY: No, not even a Sergeant. Because of his knowledge of the language and\nhis intelligence in general, he would go ahead of the troops. He had a\nfascinating job in the Army. I think it was interesting that he came from\nGermany, he was in the American ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=7050.0,7080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/237","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"army, and then settled here. I think his story\nreally is more than fascinating of the American Jew.\n\nDIAMOND: Tell me about your life as a couple. Your affiliation, religiously. You\ncame from the Orthodox family; he came out of Germany. What did you choose to do together?\n\nBIRNBREY: He really came out of a Reformed family, very Reformed. I learned from\nhim that he . . . I came from the Orthodox family, he came from the Reformed\nfamily, but he had the knowledge. So the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=7080.0,7110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/238","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"answer is the knowledge. It's not the\nupbringing. Well, the upbringing has something to do with it, but the real\nsecret is what goes on in a person's mind. We decided early on that the Hebrew\neducation was very important and we started the oldest child at the Hebrew\nAcademy. To me it was more important that she be happy because here's my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=7110.0,7140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/239","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"little,\nlittle precious girl. So, we decided . . . we did not go to the Hebrew Academy\nfor a religious sake. It was for knowledge and for happiness, that she'll be\nhappy. And she was happy. She was ecstatic. It was great. Small classes, fun\nclasses. We had already planned that if she enjoys kindergarten, she would go to\nfirst grade. The next year I had another ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=7140.0,7170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/240","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"child for kindergarten. As the years\nwent, the four children were in the Hebrew Academy and we got very, very\ninvolved in that. And it's been a part of our life. The whole idea of Jewish\neducation is a part of our life. I don't know if you had it on this [tape], and\nwe were really going around in circles, but before the kids entered school,\nHenry and I were very involved in starting a Conservative ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=7170.0,7200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/241","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"synagogue in Atlanta.\nIt was called Beth El, and it functioned for two years. I personally think the\nreason that it's not here today is that we could not make a shidduch or a\nmarriage between the synagogue and a rabbi, which is so important, and also that\nit was a few years before it's time, because in this generation we suddenly have\nso many synagogues. In ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=7200.0,7230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/242","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"my generation there was a set number of synagogues, and\nit remained that number for many, many [years]. We helped organize Beth El, and\nI think Henry was the first president. I was, I think, the second Sisterhood\npresident. I didn't even know how to be a president when I was the president.\nIt's a shame I'm not a president now because I learned how to be a president.\n\nDIAMOND: I'm sure there are a lot of organizations who would take your\nvolunteerism immediately.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=7230.0,7260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/243","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BIRNBREY: Life is funny that way. It seems like when a person takes a job, it's\nnot when they're ready for the job, and when a person is ready for the job,\nthey're not ready to take the job. Anyway, we started Beth El . . . What I\nwanted to bring out was that the idea was not to start a synagogue, because we\nbelong to AA and we were very happy, and Henry was active there, but that there\nwas something missing. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=7260.0,7290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/244","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What was missing? Education. Education for the layman was\nmissing. There was Hebrew School, and all of this, but there was not adult\neducation. So, we decided that . . . a group got together, it was Irwin Brinbaum\n[sp], Herman Popkin, Henry, and Ed Craig. The four of them got together at my\nhouse and decided that we would start a study group on Sunday nights and we\nwould just learn ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=7290.0,7320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/245","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"together. And the idea held on so strong and everybody got\ninterested in this, so we decided, they decided, that if we could get 40 couples\ntogether, we would have High Holy Day services. The services would be explained\nand it would be really a learning experience. Well, I have to say that first\nservice, and we got a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=7320.0,7350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/246","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"student rabbit that came in, I believe, from the Jewish\nTheological Seminary, that was the most enjoyable, if you can say a service is\nenjoyable, High Holy Day I have ever been to, and that's all my life, because we\nwere a part of every minute of the service. I can't ever remember being as\nexhilarated as we were. Then they decided if we got together ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=7350.0,7380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/247","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"another set number\nof members that we would start a synagogue. That's how it started. It really was\na study group. It was not a breaking away. That was not the story at all. It was\nsimply that they wanted more. I personally think the whole town has benefited\nfrom Beth El, even though it's a part of the past. Look, fellows, every\nsynagogue stopped and took notice of what this group of young people wanted. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=7380.0,7410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/248","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And\nsince the synagogue they had they started the Mr. and Mrs. Club. There was no\nsuch thing as a Mr. and Mrs. club. If you'll follow the dates, you'll see that\nI'm right, because it was in the early 1950s, about 1954, something like that,\nand all of a sudden, every synagogue started a Mr. and Mrs. group and every\nsynagogue started the adult ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=7410.0,7440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/249","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"study group, the adult lessons. They might have had\na lecture every once in a while, or a group or the rabbi is going to talk about\nthis tonight, but as an ongoing basis, they weren't there, just for there. For\ncouples, for young couples. This is what I meant. I don't mean where groups of\nmen get together and study between services, not what I mean. Where, as a\ncouple, you could go and learn. This was all started with Beth El. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=7440.0,7470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/250","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Anyway, after\nBeth El, we put the kids in the Academy. We were just always interested in the\neducation part. I am sorry that I did not have the same beginning that my\nchildren had. I had the very Orthodox home, but my father was not the type who\nwould sit down and share it, especially with daughters. Because he always felt\nit wasn't necessary. The boy had to be bar mitzvahed, but the girl? Forget it. I\nhave always ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=7470.0,7500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/251","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"felt, just like my mother, that it's as important or more important\nfor the girl because she does run the family. And she does, well, in my way, I\nthink she leads the family because her influence creates the home, and what's in\nthe home is the way the family grows and the way the family develops and the way\nthe children think later on. So, we had started talking about how this influence\ngot into my children. I was telling you about ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=7500.0,7530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/252","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Judy and about her experience in\nIsrael. I stopped with them leaving the kibbutz and going to the city. Anyway,\nJudy was given this really interesting job at Hebrew University, and I was\ntelling you how the newcomers to Israel find it very hard to go within the\ncommunity. They have to be taught the tiniest details. One of the most important\nthings is how to raise your ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=7530.0,7560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/253","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"children and how to handle your children. This is\ndown to the minute details like do you spank a child? Do you pull a child's ear?\nDo you pull a child's hair to discipline a child? See, we are brought up where\nyou practically don't touch a child, you know, to discipline the child and\npulling an ear you never hear of. But there are other ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=7560.0,7590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/254","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"countries where pulling an\near is a form of discipline, really. Pull an ear, that gives pain. Hit a child,\nyou hit a child across the face. You pull a child, you pull an arm, you pull a\nleg. You spank a child. To us, this is abuse. But to some Jews coming into\nIsrael, this is discipline. So, they were going to televise someone teaching a\nclass of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=7590.0,7620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/255","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"really young children, handling a young nursery class and the way she\nhandles the children and teaches the children to do things. And they would bring\nnewcomers in and other citizens to see these and to learn from these tapes how\nto handle your own children. It was very interesting. It was new program and she\nhad been part of the Schwartz program, if anybody listening has . . . and\nprobably ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=7620.0,7650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/256","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"people using these tapes have been part of the Schwartz program.\nAnyway, circumstances always change things in life. She came home. She had had a\nterrible history of pregnancies. She had had three miscarriages, and she came to\nvisit, came to the States to visit her parents, and she had a very unfortunate\nmiscarriage here. She was already in her late fifth month and the baby had\nalready developed and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=7650.0,7680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/257","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"everything and she lost the child. I think one of the\nthings that affected her so much because to me, she is still grieving this\nchild, is the nurse let her see the baby. I'm not going to say it was bad\nbecause knowing Judy and had it been me, I would have done the same thing\nbecause I would have known was this a piece of tissue or could I actually have\nhad a child? It's ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=7680.0,7710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/258","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sad but I think she needed this experience. It has been sad\nfor her, because as I say, I think she's mourned this child the rest of her\nlife, even though me I think God she has three children. What I wanted to bring\nout was that after having this mess, which hurt her so much, she had to go back\nto Israel and work with infants. So we were sitting in the living room and Henry\nwas sitting in that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=7710.0,7740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/259","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"chair and he had Judy on his lap. And he said, and we all\nfelt so bad, and he says, \"Let me ask you, baby,\" he says, \"If you had to go\nback to Israel and you didn't have to worry about making a living, what would\nyou like to do?\" So, Judy said, \"Well, daddy, I would like to work in a\nbookstore.\" That stayed on her mind. She went back and she got a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=7740.0,7770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/260","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"job in a\nbookstore. The cute part is that there's a young lady running the bookstore--and\nthe bookstore is there today--her mother is today a client and a close friend of\nours. In Atlanta. She's an interior decorator, Joyce Lowenstein, if you know\nher. She's adorable. But all this worked . . . it had nothing to do, one had\nnothing to do with the other. It was all ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=7770.0,7800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/261","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"coincidental. Judy gets so involved in\nthe bookstore business, and especially in the business end of it. She loves\nbooks. Patsy [Arnow] literally let her run the store and let her manage the\nstore. She got so involved in the business part; she asked Patsy if she could\nbuy into the store, but that didn't work out. One time when we were there, she\nsays, \"Mom, come out with ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=7800.0,7830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/262","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"me. We're going to look for a store.\" So, we walked\nthe streets of Jerusalem looking for a store that she could rent. Well, when I\nwas not there, she found a marvelous, marvelous place for a bookstore. It was\ndown an alley in the middle of town of a main street, which was Jaffa Street.\nJaffa Road. I don't know if you've been there or not. Do you remember Jaffa Road?\n\nDIAMOND: I believe I do.\n\nBIRNBREY: It was a main ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=7830.0,7860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/263","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"street in Jerusalem, off to this little alley. You\nentered a gate and went into what used to be an Arabic home. She opened the\nbookstore and the bookstore was made up of . . . the main store was a large room\nin the home. She had an extra side room that was like a reading room. She had a\nporch that was like a porch, and a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=7860.0,7890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/264","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"bathroom, and a kitchen. The store ended up\nbeing almost a club for English speakers. She sold used books. People would meet\nthere. People would leave things there for other people to pick up. Like if\nsomebody was typing a theme paper for another student, they would say, \"I'll\nleave it at Sefer ve Sefel,\" and that's a book and a teacup, was the name of the\nstore, \"and you pick it ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=7890.0,7920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/265","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"up at Sefer ve Sefel.\" So, the store was wildly\nsuccessful. I mean I can't ever explain how successful. Only people who have\nbeen there know how successful that store was. They sold used books and they had\ncoffee and ice cream and Coca-Colas. So, it was like a coffeehouse and a\nbookstore. They stayed open from eight o'clock in the morning ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=7920.0,7950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/266","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"till about ten,\neleven o'clock at night, and the store was busy the entire time. Israel has\nhours of siesta time but they didn't take siesta time so a good many people used\nto spend their siesta time in the store. They had a lot of kids working for\nthem. They were either there to go to yeshivas there or to go to Hebrew\nUniversity, and they would work for them. So, they had a nice staff. I'm saying\nfor ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=7950.0,7980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/267","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"them, because you asked me if any of this idea of working husband and wife\nrubbed off on the children and the store did so well that Shai decided to take a\nleave of absence from the bank for a year and give everything to the store. They\nwould both work the store and give it all. The bank wouldn't let him take a year\nof absence, so he quit and they both started working as a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=7980.0,8010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/268","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"husband and wife. I\nlaugh because somebody asked Judy, \"Judy, how can you get along so well working\nwith your husband?\" And she said, \"Well, I just consider him the enemy.\" It's so\nfunny because it's sort of true the way things work out. You know, you work\ntogether, but in a business, you do not have this lovey-dovey association\nbecause it's business and you have to tend to your job and he has to tend to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=8010.0,8040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/269","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"his\njob. Even in a store like this, it's not a romantic situation. It's strictly\nbusiness. Anyway, that was Judy's story. It's even in tour books today. We have\ntwo Travel Israel books that tell you to be sure and go to this store.\n\nDIAMOND: Well, I believe Judy's back in Atlanta now, is that correct?\n\nBIRNBREY: Yes. They're in business together here.\n\nDIAMOND: Oh, really?\n\nBIRNBREY: Yeah.\n\nDIAMOND: What made her decide to leave Israel?\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=8040.0,8070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/270","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BIRNBREY: Well, this was a very, very, very difficult situation. It's hard to\nexplain because everyone almost says, \"Hahaha, you couldn't make it,\" you know,\n\"You tried Israel, you couldn't make it; you had to come from.\" But when kids go\nto Israel, there's another situation that takes place that a lot of people,\noutsiders looking in, do not realize goes on. That is ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=8070.0,8100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/271","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that they have to break\naway from family. This is very difficult and very often a child is called back\nbecause a member of the family is sick. And it's true. It becomes a part of\nlife. It has happened to . . . I don't know if it got on the tape, but I had\nmentioned Henry being raised by a foster family and the brother has always been\nlike a brother to Henry, and the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=8100.0,8130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/272","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sister was like a sister to Henry. The brother\nwas the one I mentioned that went to Israel to live and to fight. Well, at one\ntime, at one point of his life, his wife's mother got very, very ill and they\ncame back to the States and lived for eight years. He has since gone back and he\nspent the rest of his life there. I mean, he's in his 60's now. This took place\nwhen he was probably in his 30's because this was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=8130.0,8160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/273","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the first years we were\nmarried. His wife's mother died subsequently. Very, very often this happens to\nyoung people who go to Israel, something comes up with a parent. This is what\nhappened to my kids. Even though I have been very, very sick, it was not me.\nShai's mother got very, very sick. He got frightened because so many of their\nfriends have been called back to the States ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=8160.0,8190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/274","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because a parent died and he got\nvery frightened. He said, \"What would happen if I missed all this time being\nwith my mother and giving her some form of happiness? I would never get to do\nthis.\" You have to take into consideration the heart of a couple that would go\nto Israel to begin with.\n\nDIAMOND: They're very sensitive people.\n\nBIRNBREY: The very sensitive, because I had asked Shai, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=8190.0,8220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/275","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and this is a wrong\ncomparison. I'm talking as if the person's going to take this personally, who\nplays this tape, but I want you to know the extreme sensitivity of a couple like\nthis. He has two sisters in the state. And I said, \"Shai, why was it that you\nhad this type of feeling and it wasn't your sisters?\" Because it seems like it\nwould be the sisters who would come from another ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=8220.0,8250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/276","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"state in the state and would\nmove back to Atlanta in order to be available to a mother. I won't say to take\ncare of the mother. I don't mean that somebody is in a wheelchair or somebody\nneeds tube feeding or anything like that, but to be available to a mother. And\nJudy told me, she says, \"Mommy, you have to understand that it was Shai who went\nto Israel.\" It makes sense if you know these ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=8250.0,8280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/277","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"kids. I mean, the whole group that\npicks up and leaves \"luxury\" and goes into a harder type of living, you have to\nknow what goes on in their mind because . . .\n\nDIAMOND: They're obviously caring and concerned people.\n\nBIRNBREY: Very caring. Because I think, as a mother of four, it's very\ninteresting because I look at one child who finds it very difficult, difficult\nto live in a home that only has ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=8280.0,8310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/278","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"three bedrooms and two bathrooms, a living room,\ndining room, and kitchen, to have two kids there, and now have three kids and I\nthink about the daughter who chose, chose, to move into a country where at first\nshe would be living in a home where there was one room and then to move into\nJerusalem, where she had an apartment with two bedrooms, a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=8310.0,8340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/279","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"living room, a\nkitchen, a bathroom, and the entire apartment could fit into this living room.\nThis, the two rooms, and I would still have more space in the living room than\nshe had in the apartment.\n\nDIAMOND: What do you think accounts for the difference?\n\nBIRNBREY: I think it's the two children, that I don't. The difference has to do\na lot with peer pressure and a lot with the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=8340.0,8370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/280","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"actual salt that a person comes up\nin life with.\n\nDIAMOND: What do you think the lifestyle of your grandchildren . . . ?\n\nBIRNBREY: Truthfully, truthfully, I think that Judy and Shai will end up back in\nIsrael. So, the lifestyle of their children will be the lifestyle of, I can't\nsay a typical Israeli style because Israel is getting more prosperous, so things\nthat we have here are becoming things there. But I do ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=8370.0,8400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/281","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"think that the Israeli\narmy will be part of it. That in itself brings on a different feeling for life.\nYou know where I'm coming from. Shai was in the army, he served for a year. That\nwas part of their lives. It's totally different, I should say different with\nyour children. I'm self-conscious saying this, but I'm basically thinking of the\ndifference between a daughter and a daughter-in-law ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=8400.0,8430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/282","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because Judy could have the\nsame house here and be very happy, extremely happy. It so happens that she\ndoesn't have the same house. She has a very large house. She has four bedrooms\nand she has three bathrooms and she has a playroom and she has a living room,\nand she has a den, and she has a kitchen. She bought the home that her brother\ntold her to buy. He said, \"Judy, whatever you do, pick a house that has a good\nbackyard and a good ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=8430.0,8460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/283","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"mortgage.\" And she got it. It's funny because I went house\nhunting with her and that's exactly what she got. It so happened that along with\nthe house, with the good backyard and the good mortgage, she got the four\nbedrooms, the playroom . . .\n\nDIAMOND: She seems to get a lot of what she wants out of life.\n\nBIRNBREY: It really is funny. It does not have . . . What her house is missing\nis a lot of the not ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=8460.0,8490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/284","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ostentatiousness, but certain perks of beauty. It's a home. It's\nmore of a home, it's not . . . That's the way their family is, it's a home.\nEverybody lives in every room. The business was running out of the living room,\nwhich drove Henry up a wall because he doesn't believe that a business should\nrun out of the house, but the business should run out of a business. Eventually\nthey . . . and thank God they came back extremely successful. You will\nunderstand ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=8490.0,8520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/285","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this. They came back from Israel, going to Israel with nothing, came\nback from Israel able to buy a business, buy a home, buy two cars.\n\nDIAMOND: That's called success.\n\nBIRNBREY: That is successful. That is successful here, and that is successful\nthere. And when you think in terms of the money that you can make in Israel, and\nthe money you can make here because usually kids come here to make money to take\nback to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=8520.0,8550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/286","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Israel, you can just imagine how successful their business was. Now, I'm\nnot going to say they paid cash for each car, like that, but there was pretty\nmuch so, because these kids don't believe in lots of mortgages and that. So,\nthey came back . . . I don't even know how well-off they came back. The\nintention was not to go to Israel for success. It just happened to be there.\nThey made it. Because they made the business from ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=8550.0,8580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/287","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"nothing. They did not buy a\nbusiness and make money off of the business. It was totally what was in these\ntwo kids. Of course, I'm very proud of them either way. I was proud of being on\nkibbutz, and I'm proud of them being successful. Every time that I tell\nsomebody, \"My kids came back,\" the immediate impression to them, and I can see\nit clicking in their head is, \"Oh, they couldn't take it. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=8580.0,8610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/288","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was a failure. They\nhad to come back home.\" But that's not true. It's not true at all because I was\nnot able to purchase what these kids purchased after I had been married that\nmany years. No way. They were eight years in Israel. I mean, you can think\nyourself when you were married, eight years could you?\n\nDIAMOND: No.\n\nBIRNBREY: I couldn't. No way. It blows my mind when I think of it.\n\nDIAMOND: You've had an opportunity to see Israel over a period of time.\n\nBIRNBREY: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=8610.0,8640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/289","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yes.\n\nDIAMOND: Can you talk about some of the things that change, lifestyle and . . .\nWhat was it like, your first trip there in comparison?\n\nBIRNBREY: I'll give you the biggest example. We're talking much too much too\nlong. The biggest example is kibbutz that--I had told you, and I don't know if\nit showed up on this tape--when Henry was sent by his mother, and just thinking\nof a mother sending her only child ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=8640.0,8670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/290","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"away gives me such grief. I can't even tell\nyou. The idea of a mother just putting this child on a train and saying goodbye,\nthinking never to see this child again, to me is the most horrible thing in the\nworld. I don't think that death could be worse. Anyway, when she did this to\nHenry, a sister-in-law did this to a girl. Put her on a train, then take a boat\nto Israel. This girl, who my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=8670.0,8700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/291","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"latest grandchild, this is going to make me cry, is\nnamed after--Rahael--went to kibbutz. You better turn that off. You were talking\nabout sensitivities of why one child would pick going into Israel and one child\nwould worry about raising a family without enough bedrooms. My youngest child,\nAnita, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=8700.0,8730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/292","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"didn't go to Israel but the same feeling is there. She just had a child.\nThe baby is three weeks old. Her first child was named after my mother. It was\nso tender and so feeling to me, and the second child was named after this cousin\nthat was put on a train by her mother and sent away from Hitler and to go to\nIsrael ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=8730.0,8760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/293","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when Henry went to Birmingham. Israel was her mother, the same way as\nCouncil of Jewish Women took him in. It means so much to me. The country took\nher in. You don't have another country anywhere in the world that does this. You\njust don't. It's just not there for a Jew. For a Jew. I'm not downgrading the\nStates because to me, there's nothing greater than the States, but a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=8760.0,8790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/294","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"whole\ncountry takes in a child. It's not a family taking it a child. The whole purpose\nof its existence is that there should be no child anywhere in the world that\ndoesn't have a mother and a father. The mother and the father is the country.\nSo, the same time as he came here, she went to Israel and her parents was the\ngroup of young people, Kibbutzim. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=8790.0,8820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/295","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They were the first group of Youth Aliyah, if\nyou're familiar with that. That's through Hadassah. It's kind of interesting\nbecause Henry came through Council of Jewish Women, she came through Hadassah. I\nfeel very close to both of them, that like there's no other organizations.\nBrandeis is a club membership, ORT [Organisation for Rehabilitation through Training] is a club membership, Pioneer Women is a club\nmembership, but our heart goes to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=8820.0,8850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/296","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Council of Jewish Women and Hadassah. That's\nthe way I feel. And this is why. Anyway, it's interesting because of my seeing\nIsrael and my seeing Israel grow is through this kibbutz. It's not that I've\nspent that much time on it, but my best example, because they started in in\ntents. And to know how Israel has grown, my family, Rahael's children, were sent\nto college, they became, I guess, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=8850.0,8880.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/transcript/47165/annotation/297","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"engineers. Recently, there's been a young man\nthat's been publicized all over the state of Israel, in the newspaper, on the\nradio. Rahael's oldest son is the man . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=8880.0,8910.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/annotation_set/1092","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Annotations [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/annotation_set/1092/annotation/298","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe American Jewish Committee (AJC) was founded in 1906 to safeguard the welfare and security of Jews worldwide. It is one of the oldest Jewish advocacy organizations in the United States.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/annotation_set/1092/annotation/299","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe National Council of Jewish Women is an organization of volunteers and advocates who turn progressive ideals into advocacy and philanthropy inspired by Jewish values. They strive to improve the quality of life for women, children, and families.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/annotation_set/1092/annotation/300","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMargery Diamond is a photographer based in Atlanta, Georgia. Her images have been exhibited in the United States and Israel. She has had images published in national and regional magazines and published her own books. She has a volunteer portrait project at The William Jewish Home and also has volunteered at The Breman Museum.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/annotation_set/1092/annotation/301","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePell City is a city in and one of the county seats of St. Clair County, Alabama, United States. It was home to Avondale Mills and its legacy in the Avondale Mill Historic District. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=90.0,120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/annotation_set/1092/annotation/302","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Yiddish term for town, \u003cem\u003e“shtetl”\u003c/em\u003e commonly refers to small towns or villages in pre–World War II Eastern and Central Europe with a significant Jewish presence that were primarily Yiddish speaking.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=150.0,180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/annotation_set/1092/annotation/303","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOrthodox Judaism is a traditional branch of Judaism that strictly follows the written Torah and the oral law concerning prayer, dress, food, sex, family relations, social behavior, the Sabbath day, holidays, and more.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=150.0,180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/annotation_set/1092/annotation/304","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Great Depression is the term used for a severe economic recession that began in the United States in 1929. It had far-reaching effects around the globe, especially in Europe. Germany had weathered a period of intense inflation in the 1920s due to reparations required after World War I. To pay the reparations, Germany had borrowed millions of dollars from the United States. American demands for loan repayment had disastrous repercussion on the already fragile German economy. With banks failing and unemployment rising, an angry, frightened and financially struggling populace became more open to fascism. Germany’s deteriorating economic conditions in the 1930s led in part to the rise of Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=180.0,210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/annotation_set/1092/annotation/305","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eShabbat\u003c/em\u003e (Hebrew) or \u003cem\u003eShabbos\u003c/em\u003e (Yiddish) is the Jewish Sabbath and is observed on Saturdays. Shabbat observance entails refraining from work activities and engaging in restful activities to honor the day. \u003cem\u003eShabbat\u003c/em\u003e begins at sundown on Friday night and is ushered in by lighting candles and reciting a blessing. It is closed the following evening with the recitation of the \u003cem\u003ehavdalah\u003c/em\u003e blessing.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=360.0,390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/annotation_set/1092/annotation/306","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBirmingham is located in the north central part of the southern state of Alabama. It is the county seat of Jefferson county and the most populous city in the state. During the Civil Rights Movement of the 1950s and 1960s, the city received national and international attention. In 1963, local civil right activist Fred Shuttlesworth asked Martin Luther King Jr. and the Southern Christian Conference to come to the city to help end segregation. Their effort was known as Project C (Confrontation) and specifically attacked the Jim Crow systems that existed in the city. The sit-ins and mass marches were organized and lead to 3,000 arrests, but eventually lead to desegregation in the city and helped with the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Dr. King was among those arrested and jailed. During his time in jail, he wrote his famous Letter from Birmingham Jail. Birmingham was also the site of the 16th Street Baptist Church bombing in 1963, which killed four young black girls.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=390.0,420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/annotation_set/1092/annotation/307","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCharles Lindbergh (1902-1974) was an American aviator, military officer, author, inventor, and activist. On March 1, 1932, Lindbergh’s first-born infant child, Charles Jr., was abducted from his crib and murdered in what the American media called the “Crime of the Century.” The case prompted the United States Congress to pass the Federal Kidnapping Act, commonly called the “Little Lindbergh Law,” which made transporting a kidnapping victim across state lines a federal crime.  \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=420.0,450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/annotation_set/1092/annotation/308","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Hebrew term for ritual slaughter of mammals and birds according to Jewish dietary laws. A religious Jew, a shochet, who is duly licensed and trained, must kill the animal.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=720.0,750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/annotation_set/1092/annotation/309","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eKashrut is a set of dietary laws dealing with the foods that Jews are permitted to eat and how those foods must be prepared according to Jewish law. Food that may be consumed is deemed kosher, from the Ashkenazi pronunciation of the Hebrew term kashér, meaning \"fit\" (in this context, \"fit for consumption\"). In colloquial English, kosher often means \"legitimate,\" \"acceptable,\" \"permissible,\" \"genuine,\" or \"authentic.\"\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=720.0,750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/annotation_set/1092/annotation/310","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHebrew school can be either the Jewish equivalent of Sunday school (an educational regimen separate from secular education, focusing on topics of Jewish history and learning the Hebrew language), or a primary, secondary, or college level educational institution where some or all of the classes are taught in Hebrew.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=810.0,840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/annotation_set/1092/annotation/311","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eVacation Bible School, or VBS, is a religious term usually used to represent a week-long event in the summer. The origins of Vacation Bible School can be traced back to Hopedale, Illinois in 1894. Sunday school teacher D.T. Miles, who also was a public school teacher, felt she was limited by time constraints in teaching the Bible to children. So, she started a daily Bible school to teach children during the summer. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=840.0,870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/annotation_set/1092/annotation/312","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eKobryn or Kobrin is a city in Brest Region, Belarus. Kobryn came under Polish control in 1919. During the 1939 invasion of Poland, Kobryn was the battle scene of the Battle of Kobryn between the Polish and German armies. From June 23, 1941 until July 20, 1944, Kobryn was occupied by Nazi Germany. During that time, the majority of Jewish inhabitants were first amassed in a ghetto and then murdered by the Nazis in their extermination camps. In 1944, the town was liberated by the Red Army. Since 19991, it is a part of the independent Republic of Belarus. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=1110.0,1140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/annotation_set/1092/annotation/313","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWorld War I, also called First World War or Great War, was an international conflict that in 1914–18 embroiled most of the nations of Europe along with Russia, the United States, the Middle East, and other regions. The war pitted the Central Powers—mainly Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Turkey—against the Allies—mainly France, Great Britain, Russia, Italy, Japan, and, from 1917, the United States. It ended with the defeat of the Central Powers.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=1290.0,1320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/annotation_set/1092/annotation/314","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society (HIAS) is a Jewish American non-profit that provides assistance to refugees. Founded in 1881, its original purpose was the help the flow of Jewish immigrants from Russia in relocating. During and after World War II, they had offices throughout Europe, South and Central America and the Far East. They worked to get Jews out of Europe and to any country that would have them by providing tickets and information about visas. After World War II, they assisted 167,000 Jews to leave DP camps and emigrate elsewhere. In 1975, the US State Department asked the organization to assist the incoming Vietnam refugees. Today, the organization continues to provide support to refugees and immigrates of all nationalities, ethnicities, and religions. The organization also works with people whose lives and freedom are believed to be at risk due to war, persecution, or violence. HIAS has offices in the United States and across Latin America, Europe, Africa, and the Middle East. Since its inception, HIAS has helped resettle more than 4.5 million people.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=1290.0,1320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/annotation_set/1092/annotation/315","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAshkenazi Jews [also known as Ashkenazic Jews or Ashkenazim] are Jews who originally lived in northern and eastern Europe. They once lived in the area of Rhineland and France and after the crusades they moved to Poland, Lithuania and Russia. In the 17th century, avoiding persecution, many Jews moved to and settled in Western Europe. As of 2018, Ashkenazim account for about 75% of the world's Jewish population.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=1470.0,1500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/annotation_set/1092/annotation/316","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSeder [Hebrew: order] is a Jewish ritual feast that marks the beginning of the Jewish holiday of Passover. It is conducted on the evening of the fifteenth day of Nisan in the Hebrew calendar throughout the world. Some communities hold seder on both the first two nights of Passover. The seder incorporates prayers, candle lighting, and traditional foods symbolizing the slavery of the Jews and the exodus from Egypt. It is one of the most colorful and joyous occasions in Jewish life.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=1830.0,1860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/annotation_set/1092/annotation/317","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePesach [Hebrew: Passover] is the celebration of Israel’s liberation from Egyptian bondage. The holiday lasts for eight days. Unleavened bread, matzo, is eaten in memory of the unleavened bread prepared by the Israelites during their hasty flight from Egypt, when they had not time to wait for the dough to rise. On the first two nights of Passover, the seder, the central event of the holiday, is celebrated.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=1830.0,1860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/annotation_set/1092/annotation/318","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWorld War II (abbreviated WWII or WW2) was a global war involving fighting in most of the world and most countries. Most countries fought in the years 1939–1945 but some started fighting in 1937. Most of the world's countries, including all the great powers, fought as part of two military alliances: the Allies and the Axis Powers. World War II was the largest and deadliest conflict in all of history. It involved more countries, cost more money, involved more people, and killed more people than any other war in history. Between 50 to 85 million people died. The majority were civilians. It included massacres, the deliberate genocide of the Holocaust, strategic bombing, starvation, disease, and the only use of nuclear weapons against civilians in history.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=1860.0,1890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/annotation_set/1092/annotation/319","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eYom Kippur [Hebrew: “day of atonement”] The most sacred day of the Jewish year. Yom Kippur is a 25-hour fast day. Most of the day is spent in prayer, reciting yizkor for deceased relatives, confessing sins, requesting divine forgiveness, and listening to Torah readings and sermons. People greet each other with the wish that they may be sealed in the heavenly book for a good year ahead. The day ends with the blowing of the shofar (a ram’s horn).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=1890.0,1920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/annotation_set/1092/annotation/320","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRosh HaShanah [Hebrew: head of the year] begins the cycle of High Holy Days. It introduces the Ten Days of Penitence, when Jews examine their souls and take stock of their actions. On the tenth day is Yom Kippur, the Day of Atonement. The tradition is that on Rosh HaShanah, G-d sits in judgment on humanity. Then the fate of every living creature is inscribed in the Book of Life or the Book of Death. Prayer and repentance before the sealing of the books on Yom Kippur may revoke these decisions.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=1890.0,1920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/annotation_set/1092/annotation/321","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Gary Hotel was a hotel and restaurant on 5th Avenue North, on for former site of Temple Emanu-El, from the 1920s to the 1950s. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=1920.0,1950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/annotation_set/1092/annotation/322","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eInterviewee is likely referring to Knesseth Israel Congregation, an Orthodox Jewish synagogue. The first Orthodox congregation to organize in Birmingham in 1889, the first building for the congregation was constructed in 1903 on the southwest corner of 17th Street North and 7th Avenue North, Birmingham at the heart of hat was then a Jewish neighborhood populated by immigrants from Russia and Eastern Europe. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=1920.0,1950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/annotation_set/1092/annotation/323","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAlso known as Masorti Judaism, Conservative Judaism is a form of Judaism that seeks to preserve Jewish tradition and ritual, but has a more flexible approach to the interpretation of the law than Orthodox Judaism. It attempts to combine a positive attitude toward modern culture, while preserving a commitment to Jewish observance. In general, Conservative congregations also observe gender equality (mixed seating, women rabbis, and bat mitzvah). The governing body for Conservative Judaism in the United States is the United Synagogue of Conservative Judaism (USCJ), formerly known as the United Synagogue of America.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=1950.0,1980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/annotation_set/1092/annotation/324","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTemple Beth-El is a synagogue located in Birmingham, Alabama. Founded in 1907, Temple Beth-El is a member of the United Synagogue of Conservative Judaism. Temple Beth-El is the only Conservative-affiliated synagogue in Birmingham, and one of only four Conservative synagogues in Alabama. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=1980.0,2010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/annotation_set/1092/annotation/325","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Avondale Mills were a system of textile mills located predominantly in Alabama, but also in Georgia and South Carolina, with headquarters in Birmingham, and later in Sylacauga, Alabama.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=2580.0,2610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/annotation_set/1092/annotation/326","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Mayo Clinic is an academic medical center based in Rochester, Minnesota, focused on integrated clinical practice, education, and research. It is known as one of the most prestigious hospitals in the United States.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=3180.0,3210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/annotation_set/1092/annotation/327","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHenry Birnbrey (1923-2021) is an Atlanta certified public accountant and attorney who emigrated from Dortmund, Germany to the United States on a Kindertransport in 1938 sponsored by the Birmingham, Alabama section of National Council of Jewish Women. He resided in foster homes and in the Hebrew Orphans' Home in Atlanta after his arrival in America. He served two terms as President of the Hebrew Academy of Atlanta during which time it became the first Jewish Day School in the United States to receive accreditation from the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools (SACS). He was in the United States Army during World War II. He participated in the invasion of Normandy and witnessed the liberation of concentration camp victims at the end of the war. Henry’s oral history is in the Herbert and Esther Taylor Oral History Project’s collection.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=3570.0,3600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/annotation_set/1092/annotation/328","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Hollywood Country Club was a private social club build by developer Clyde Nelson as part of his Hollywood residential subdivision in 1926. It was located along Shades Creek Parkway across from the site later used for the Brookwood Village mall. By 1981 the county club building was vacated and the site began to deteriorate. The vacant club building was destroyed in a 1984 fire. The Courtyard Birmingham Homewood hotel now sits on the site. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=3570.0,3600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/annotation_set/1092/annotation/329","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEverything You Always Wanted to Know About Sex* (*But Were Afraid to Ask) is a 1969 book by California psychiatrist David Reuben. It was one of the first sex manuals that entered mainstream culture in the 1960s and had a profound effect on sex education and in liberalizing attitudes towards sex.   \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=3780.0,3810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/annotation_set/1092/annotation/330","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA kibbutz [Hebrew: gathering, clustering] is a collective community in Israel that was traditionally based on agriculture. The first kibbutz, established in 1909, was Degania. Today, farming has been partly supplanted by other economic branches, including industrial plants and high-tech enterprises. Kibbutzim began as utopian communities, a combination of socialism and Zionism. In recent decades, some kibbutzim have been privatized and changes have been made in the communal lifestyle. A member of a kibbutz is called a \"kibbutznik.\"\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=3870.0,3900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/annotation_set/1092/annotation/331","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe University of Alabama is a public research university in Tuscaloosa, Alabama. Established in 1820 and opened to students in 1831, the University of Alabama is the oldest and largest of the public universities in Alabama as well as the University of Alabama System. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=4050.0,4080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/annotation_set/1092/annotation/332","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Katherine and Jacob Greenfield Hebrew Academy was the first Jewish day school in Atlanta, and was founded in 1953. As of mid-2014 the Greenfield Hebrew Academy (grades pre-K through 8) and Yeshiva High School (grades 9-12) merged into one college preparatory day school now called the Atlanta Jewish Academy.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=4200.0,4230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/annotation_set/1092/annotation/333","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eReform Judaism is a division within Judaism, especially in North America and the United Kingdom. Historically it began in the 19th century. In general, the Reform movement maintains that Judaism and Jewish traditions should be modernized and compatible with participation in Western culture. While the Torah remains the law, in Reform Judaism women are included (mixed seating, bat mitzvah, and women rabbis), instrumental music is allowed in the services, and most of the service is in the local language as opposed to Hebrew\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=4260.0,4290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/annotation_set/1092/annotation/334","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Ku Klux Klan (or “Knights of the Ku Klux Klan” today) is a white supremacist, white nationalist, anti-immigration, anti-Jewish, anti-Catholic, anti-Black secret society, whose methods have included terrorism and murder. It was founded in the South in the 1860s and then died out and come back several times, most notably in the 1920s when membership soared again, and then again in the 1960s during the civil rights era. When the Klan was re-founded in 1915 in Georgia, the event was marked by a cross burning on Stone Mountain. In the past it members dressed up in white robes and a pointed hat designed to hide their identity and to terrify. It is still in existence.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=4410.0,4440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/annotation_set/1092/annotation/335","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEnsley is a large city neighborhood in Jefferson County, Alabama. It was once a separate and thriving industrial city. It was formally incorporated on February 12, 1899, but later annexed into Birmingham on January 1, 1910, under the “Greater Birmingham” legislation. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=4560.0,4590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/annotation_set/1092/annotation/336","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e[1] Tarrant is a city in Jefferson County, Alabama, bordering Birmingham to the north. On August 17, 1918 Tarrant became an incorporated city. From its incorporation until the 1980s, the community went by Tarrant City until it was shortened to Tarrant by the 1990 U.S. Census. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=4590.0,4620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/annotation_set/1092/annotation/337","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe 4-F classification indicates that an individual has been identified as unfit for military service.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=4680.0,4710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/annotation_set/1092/annotation/338","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Southern Israelite, now the Atlanta Jewish Times, is a newspaper with the mission to create a sense of community throughout the geographically dispersed Jewish people of greater Atlanta through the timely dissemination of local and national news; support of local synagogue, nonprofit, and cultural endeavors and events; thought-provoking dialogue and debate on current issues and Jewish ideas; and the strengthening of the bonds and understanding of Jewish culture, tradition, and family.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=4860.0,4890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/annotation_set/1092/annotation/339","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e[1] Rich's was a department store retail chain, headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia, which operated in the southern U.S. from 1867 until March 6, 2005 when the nameplate was eliminated and replaced by Macy's. It was founded by Hungarian Jewish immigrant Morris Rich (born Mauritius Reich) in Atlanta in 1867 as \"M. Rich \u0026amp; Co. Dry Goods\" Many of the former Rich's stores today form the core of Macy's Central, an Atlanta-based division of Macy's, Inc., which formerly operated as Federated Department Stores, Inc.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=4920.0,4950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/annotation_set/1092/annotation/340","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDavidson’s of Atlanta was a department store chain and Atlanta shopping institution. It was the major competition to Rich’s and it took the Macy’s name in 1986. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=4920.0,4950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/annotation_set/1092/annotation/341","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOptimist International is an international service cub organization with almost 3,000 clubs and over 80,000 members in more than 20 countries. Optimist international is an organization comprising self-governing Optimist Clubs that engage in community service work. Every club raises its funds and independently sel;ects service initiatives aimed at enhancing the well-being of children. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=5010.0,5040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/annotation_set/1092/annotation/342","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRotary International is an international service organization whose stated purpose is to bring together business and professional leaders in order to provide humanitarian services, encourage high ethical standards in all vocations, and help build goodwill and peace in the world. It is a secular organization consisting of Rotary Clubs with about 1.2 million members. Membership is by invitation only.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=5010.0,5040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/annotation_set/1092/annotation/343","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe United States Junior Chamber (“JCs” or more commonly “Jaycees”) is a leadership training and civic organization for people between the ages of 18 and 41. Areas of emphasis are business development, management skills, individual training, community service, and international connections. It was established January 21, 1920 to provide opportunities for young men to develop personal and leadership skills through service to others.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=5010.0,5040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/annotation_set/1092/annotation/344","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Young Men’s Zionist Organization of America grew out of the Zionist Brotherhood, a group founded in 1928. The Brotherhood’s purpose was twofold; to interest young men in Zionism and to encourage and enhance Jewish culture in America. The Brotherhood was affiliated with the Zionist Organization of America (ZOA). In 1929, the group assumed the name Masada, and in 1930, the ZOA recognized Masada as part of its movement and supported the formation of chapters throughout the country. The name Masada comes from an ancient fortification in the Southern District of Israel situated on top of an isolated rock plateau. Masada was the last fortification to yield to Rome during the First Jewish-Roman War in 74 CE. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=5130.0,5160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/annotation_set/1092/annotation/345","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA Zionist youth movement is an organization formed for Jewish children and adolescents for educational, social, and ideological development, including a belief in Jewish nationalism as represented in the State of Israel. Most Zionist youth movements were established in Eastern Europe in the early 20tn century, desiring the national revival of the Jewish people in their own homeland, and soon formed an active and integral part o the Zionist movement. All emphasized aliya (emigration to the Land of Israel) and community, with many also focusing on a return to nature. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=5130.0,5160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/annotation_set/1092/annotation/346","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eZionism is a movement which supports a Jewish national state in the territory defined as the Land of Israel. Although Zionism existed before the nineteenth century, in the 1890s Theodor Herzl popularized it and gave it a new urgency, as he believed that Jewish life in Europe was threatened and a State of Israel was needed. The State of Israel was established in 1948 and Zionism today is expressed as support for the continued existence of Israel.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=5130.0,5160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/annotation_set/1092/annotation/347","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAfter the formation of the State of Israel in 1948, war broke out when five Arab nations invaded territory in the former Palestinian mandate immediately following the announcement of independence. Fighting continued until February 1949, when Israel and its neighboring states of Egypt, Lebanon, Transjordan, and Syria agreed to formal armistice lines.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=5130.0,5160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/annotation_set/1092/annotation/348","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHadassah, the Women’s Zionist Organization of America, is a volunteer service organization founded in 1912 by Henrietta Szold. It currently has over 300,000 members and supporters worldwide. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=5190.0,5220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/annotation_set/1092/annotation/349","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eZeta Beta Tau (ΖΒΤ) is a Greek-letter social fraternity based in North America. It was founded on December 29, 1898 at City College of New York and is recognized as the first Jewish collegiate social fraternity. Originally a Zionist youth society, its purpose changed from Zionism in the fraternity's early years, and in 1954 the organization became nonsectarian and opened itself to non-Jewish members, changing its membership policy to include \"all men of good character,\" but is still a predominantly Jewish fraternity.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=5190.0,5220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/annotation_set/1092/annotation/350","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBlue laws may also restrict shopping or ban the sale of certain items on specific days, most often on Sundays in United States.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=5190.0,5220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/annotation_set/1092/annotation/351","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA chuppah [Hebrew: canopy] is the canopy under which a Jewish wedding takes place.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=5460.0,5490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/annotation_set/1092/annotation/352","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHebrew for “platform.” The bimah is a raised structure in the synagogue from which the Torah is read and from which prayers are led.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=5460.0,5490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/annotation_set/1092/annotation/353","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eShul is a Yiddish word for synagogue that is derived from a German word meaning “school,” and emphasizes the synagogue's role as a place of study.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=5760.0,5790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/annotation_set/1092/annotation/354","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAhavath Achim Synagogue (often referred to as \"AA\") was founded as an Orthodox congregation in 1887 in a small room on Gilmer Street. In 1901 they moved to a permanent building at the corner of Piedmont Avenue and Gilmer Street. In 1921, the congregation constructed a synagogue at Washington Street and Woodward Avenue. It joined the Conservative movement in 1952. The final service in the Washington Street building was held in 1958 to make way for construction of the Downtown Connector (the concurrent section of Interstate 75 and Interstate 85 through Atlanta). The synagogue moved to its current location on Peachtree Battle Avenue in 1958. As of 2022, Ahavath Achim is the largest Conservative synagogue in the Atlanta area and its current Senior Rabbi is Laurence Rosenthal.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=5790.0,5820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/annotation_set/1092/annotation/355","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eInterviewee may be referring to a predecessor to, or local version of, Hadassah Magazine, an American magazine published by the Hadassah Women’s Zionist Organization of America. It covers Israel, the Jewish world, and subjects of interest to American Jewish women. It was established in 1914. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=6150.0,6180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/annotation_set/1092/annotation/356","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJerusalem is located in western Asia and is one of the oldest cities in the world. It is considered to be a holy city for the religions of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. Both Israel and Palestine claim Jerusalem as their capital. The status of the city remains one of the core issues in the on-going Israeli-Palestinian conflict.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=6570.0,6600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/annotation_set/1092/annotation/357","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBank Hapoalim is one of the largest banks in Israel, established in 1921. The bank offers a broad range of financial services to retail, corporate, and institutional customers, with a focus on retail banking services. It operates a network of more than 250 branches and offices in Israel and abroad. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=6570.0,6600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/annotation_set/1092/annotation/358","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Hebrew University of Jerusalem is a public research university in Jerusalem, Israel. Co-founded by Albert Einstein and Chaim Wiezmann in July 1918, the public university officially opened in April 1925. It is the second oldest Israeli university, having been founded 30 years before the establishment of the State of Israel but six years after the older Technion university. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=6600.0,6630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/annotation_set/1092/annotation/359","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe systematic, government-sponsored attempt by the German Nazi government to annihilate the Jews of Europe between 1939 and 1945, which resulted in the deaths of 6,000,000 Jews.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=6780.0,6810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/annotation_set/1092/annotation/360","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDortmund is a city in Germany’s North Rhine-Westphalia region. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=6870.0,6900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/annotation_set/1092/annotation/361","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLoveman’s of Alabama was a Birmingham, Alabama-based chain of department stores with locations across Alabama. It adopted this name to distinguish it from Loveman’s department stores operating in Chattanooga, Tennessee, and in Nashville, Tennessee. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=6900.0,6930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/annotation_set/1092/annotation/362","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Jewish Federation of Greater Atlanta raises funds, which are dispersed throughout the Jewish community. Services also include caring for Jews in need locally and around the world, community outreach, leadership development, and educational opportunities. It is an affiliate of the Jewish Federations of North America (JFNA).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=6930.0,6960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/annotation_set/1092/annotation/363","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOn November 7, 1939, Herschel Grynszpan, a 17-year-old Polish Jew living in Paris, shot German diplomat, Ernst vom Rath in Paris. Grynszpan apparently acted out of despair over the fate of his parents, who are trapped along with other Polish Jewish deportees in a no-man’s-land between Germany and Poland. The Nazis used the shooting as antisemitic propaganda fervor, claiming that Grynszpan was part of a wider Jewish conspiracy. When Vom Rath died two days later, the Nazis used the incidence to fuel violent pogroms. On November 8 and 9, 1938, the Nazis started a state-sponsored nationwide pogrom. Across the country (and in Austria) Jewish synagogues, homes and businesses were looted and burned, Jews were attacked on the streets and 91 were killed. Thousands of Jewish men were sent to concentration camps for several weeks and released only when they agreed to leave the country as soon as possible. The Jews were made to pay for the damages to their premises. The pogrom was called “Kristallnacht,” which means “Night of Broken Glass,” because of all the damage done to Jewish shop windows. Thousands of German Jews and close to 6,000 Austrian Jews were arrested after Kristallnacht and deported to the Dachau or Buchenwald concentration camps in Germany. Most were released within a few weeks, but only if they promised to immigrate immediately, leaving their property behind.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=6930.0,6960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/annotation_set/1092/annotation/364","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHolocaust (full title: Holocaust: The Story of the Family Weiss) (1978) is an American television miniseries which aired on NBC over four nights from April 16 – April 19, 1978. It dramatizes the Holocaust from the perspective of the Weiss family. It highlights numerous events which occurred both up to and during World War II, such as Kristallnacht, the construction of Jewish ghettos, and, later, the construction of death camps and the use of gas chambers. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=6960.0,6990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/annotation_set/1092/annotation/365","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCongregation Beth El was founded in Atlanta, Georgia in the mid-twentieth century. Among its leaders was Holocaust survivor Helen Spiegel. It was located on University Drive, on land donated by Herbert Taylor. The synagogue was dissolved for financial reasons within a few years of its charter.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=7200.0,7230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/annotation_set/1092/annotation/366","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA Sisterhood is a group of women in a synagogue congregation who join together to offer social, cultural, educational, and volunteer service opportunities. Its male counterpart is called either a \"Brotherhood\" or a \"Men's Club.\"\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=7230.0,7260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/annotation_set/1092/annotation/367","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHerman M. Popkin (1918-2002) was born in Augusta, Georgia. He served in the Signal Corps during World War II. After the war, he accepted a position as the regional director for the Zionist Youth Program before co-founding Blue Star Camps in Henderson County with his brothers Harry and Ben in 1948.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=7290.0,7320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/annotation_set/1092/annotation/368","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe High Holy Days are the two holiest times of the Jewish calendar: Rosh HaShanah (Jewish New Year) and Yom Kippur (Day of Atonement).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=7320.0,7350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/annotation_set/1092/annotation/369","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Jewish Theological Seminary of America is a Conservative Jewish education organization in New York City. Founded in 1886, It is one of the academic and spiritual centers of Conservative Judaism and a major center for academic scholarship in Jewish studies.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=7350.0,7380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/annotation_set/1092/annotation/370","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA bar mitzvah [Hebrew: son of commandments; plural: b’nai mitzvah] is a rite of passage for Jewish boys aged 13 years and one day. At that time, a Jewish boy is considered a responsible adult for most religious purposes. He is now duty-bound to keep the commandments, he puts on tefillin, and may be counted to the minyan quorum for public worship. He celebrates the bar mitzvah by being called up to the reading of the Torah in the synagogue, usually on the next available Sabbath after his Hebrew birthday.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=7470.0,7500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/annotation_set/1092/annotation/371","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJoyce Wally Lowenstein (April 25, 1926-September 12, 2022) was an antiques dealer and interior designer. Born in Miami, Florida, she settled in Atlanta, Georgia with her husband, where she lived for 50 years. She graduated from Georgia State University at the age of 93. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=7770.0,7800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/annotation_set/1092/annotation/372","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJaffa Road is one of the longest and oldest major streets in Jerusalem. It crosses the city from east to west, from the Old City walls to downtown Jerusalem, the western portal of Jerusalem and the Jerusalem-Tel Aviv highway. It is lined with shops, businesses, and restaurants. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=7830.0,7860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/annotation_set/1092/annotation/373","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSefer ve Sefel is an English-language secondhand bookshop in downtown Jerusalem, Israel. It was established in August 1981 by American immigrants Shai and Judy Robkin, who old the shop in August 19894 when they returned to the United States. It was established in 1981 as the first combination bookshop/coffee shop in the country. Though the café was closed in 2002, the shop continues to carry a large selection of used books. It is frequently cited by guidebooks and travel sites as the best secondhand English bookshop in Jerusalem and the Middle East. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=7890.0,7920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/annotation_set/1092/annotation/374","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eYeshiva [Hebrew: sitting] is a Jewish educational institution for religious instruction that is equivalent to high school. It also refers to a Talmudic college for unmarried male students from their teenage years to their early twenties.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=7950.0,7980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/annotation_set/1092/annotation/375","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAliyah (Hebrew: \"ascent\") is the immigration of Jews from the diaspora to the Land of Israel historically, which today includes the modern State of Israel. Also defined as \"the act of going up\"—that is, towards Jerusalem—\"making aliyah\" by moving to the Land of Israel is one of the most basic tenets of Zionism. The opposite action, emigration from Israel, is referred to in Hebrew as yerida (\"descent\"). The State of Israel's Law of Return gives Jews, their children, and their grandchildren automatic rights regarding residency and Israeli citizenship. Youth Aliyah is a Jewish organization that rescued thousands of Jewish children from the Nazis during the Third Reigh. Youth Aliyah arranged for their resettlement in Palestine in kibbutzim and youth villages that became both home and school. It was founded in Berlin, Germany, on the same day that Adolf Hitler took power, January 30, 1933. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=8820.0,8850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/annotation_set/1092/annotation/376","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eNa’amat had its origins in 1925 with the formation of the Women’s Organization for the Pioneer Women of Palestine, commonly referred to as “Pioneer Women.” Na’amat is the largest Jewish women’s organization in the world, counting more than 300,000 members in Israel and 9 sister organizations worldwide. It operates approximately 250 day care centers in Israel and provides funding for technological and agricultural high schools, a women’s shelter, legal aid bureaus, educational scholarships, women’s rights centers and women’s health centers. It is also a powerful voice in advocating for equal rights, religious freedom and world peace. During the 1930s Pioneer Women changed its name to Na’amat, an acronym for Nashim Ovdot U'Mitnadvot (Hebrew: Working and Volunteering Women.). Na’amat is affiliated with the Labour Zionist Movement in Israel and the World Labor Zionist Movement.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=8820.0,8850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/annotation_set/1092/annotation/377","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eORT, also known as the Organisation for Rehabilitation through Training, is a global education network driven by Jewish values. It promotes education and training in communities worldwide. Its activities throughout its history have spanned more than 100 countries and five continents. It was founded in 1880 in Saint Petersburg to prove professional and vocational training for young Jews. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=8820.0,8850.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/index/59220","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Rebecca Kresses Birnbrey [Index]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/index/59220/annotation/378","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Growing up Jewish, Religion and Race in the South ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=0.0,11.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/index/59220/annotation/379","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And then you said something about there being more of that in Pell City, that you were aware of [more differences]. ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=0.0,11.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/index/59220/annotation/380","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Birmingham, Alabama","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hebrew School","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Pell City, Alabama","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Vacation Bible School","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=0.0,11.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/index/59220/annotation/381","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"How Her Mother Influenced Her; Growing Up in Rural Alabama ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=11.0,1104.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/index/59220/annotation/382","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When I called to schedule the appointment, you said something that has stayed with me over the last few days that everything you've done you owe to your mother.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=11.0,1104.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/index/59220/annotation/383","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Binrbrey, Emma Cohen","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Birmingham, Alabama","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Birnbrey, Hyman (Chaim) Isadore","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Birnbrey, Rebecca Kresses","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish merchants","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Orthodox Judaism","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Pell City, Alabama","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=11.0,1104.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/index/59220/annotation/384","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Her Parents' Backgrounds and How They Met in Cuba ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=1104.0,1707.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/index/59220/annotation/385","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Tell me a little bit about your father and what he shared with you in terms of his life in the shtetl. Can you talk a little bit about that? ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=1104.0,1707.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/index/59220/annotation/386","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Birnbrey, Hyman (Chaim) Isadore","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Great Depression","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Havana, Cuba","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Kobryn, Belarus","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Poland","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"World War I","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=1104.0,1707.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/index/59220/annotation/387","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Growing Up; How They Celebrated Jewish Holy Days ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=1707.0,2016.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/index/59220/annotation/388","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When your mother worked in the store beside you dad, who was home with the five children or how did that work?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=1707.0,2016.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/index/59220/annotation/389","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Birmingham, Alabama","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Conservative Judaism","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Gary Hotel (Birmingham, Ala.)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Passover","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rosh HaShanah","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Temple Beth-El (Birmingham, Ala.)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yom Kippur","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=1707.0,2016.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/index/59220/annotation/390","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Growing Up in Pell City, Alabama ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=2016.0,3128.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/index/59220/annotation/391","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You've just told me that you'd like to give a description of your family's surroundings in the 1930s in a little more detailed way.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=2016.0,3128.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/index/59220/annotation/392","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Avondale Mills","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Pell City, Alabama","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=2016.0,3128.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/index/59220/annotation/393","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Moving Back to Birmingham; Her Teenage and Young Adult Years","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=3128.0,3549.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/index/59220/annotation/394","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Let's go over to Birmingham. Tell me a little bit about your later years, your young adult years, and what that was like for you. I don't know when you met your husband and courtship and dating and that sort of thing.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=3128.0,3549.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/index/59220/annotation/395","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Birmingham, Alabama","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Great  Depression","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=3128.0,3549.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/index/59220/annotation/396","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Her Sexual Education and Dating Life; Meeting Her Husband","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=3549.0,4383.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/index/59220/annotation/397","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Were your . . . your sexual education, and that, how was that handled with your mother and sisters?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=3549.0,4383.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/index/59220/annotation/398","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Birnbrey, Hebry","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hollywood Country Club (Birmingham, Ala.)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=3549.0,4383.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/index/59220/annotation/399","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Running Newspapers in Ensley and Tarrant City, Alabama ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=4383.0,5126.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/index/59220/annotation/400","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Alright, let's start today with your telling a little bit about your job running a newspaper in a suburb out of Birmingham. How did you get to the point where you got to be able to do that?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=4383.0,5126.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/index/59220/annotation/401","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"antisemitism","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ensley, Alabama","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ku Klux Klan","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Tarrant City, Alabama","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=4383.0,5126.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/index/59220/annotation/402","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Meeting and Marrying Her Husband; His Involvement in Young Zionist Movements","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=5126.0,5823.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/index/59220/annotation/403","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Anyway, I had met my husband, my husband-to-be, at this time.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=5126.0,5823.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/index/59220/annotation/404","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Birmingham, Alabama","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Blue Laws","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hadassah","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Masada","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Zeta Beta Tau","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Zionism","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=5126.0,5823.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/index/59220/annotation/405","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Her Dedication to Jewish Education and Jewish Causes; Working After Marriage ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=5823.0,6312.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/index/59220/annotation/406","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I have bought my mansion through giving, through really giving for Jewish education, for Jewish causes, and for education itself. That's where everything has gone.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=5823.0,6312.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/index/59220/annotation/407","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hadassah","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hebrew Academy","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=5823.0,6312.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/index/59220/annotation/408","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Her Children's Married Lives; Her Daughter Judy's Experience in Israel","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=6312.0,6724.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/index/59220/annotation/409","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm sitting here thinking about the similarities between your mother helping your father and you helping your husband [in business]. Can you talk a little bit about your children and whether they are also involved with their husbands in a business way, or what their life is like?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=6312.0,6724.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/index/59220/annotation/410","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Aliyah","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Bank Hapoalim","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hebrew University of Jerusalem","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Israel","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jerusalem","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Kibbutzim","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Robkin, Judy Birnbrey","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Robkin, Shai","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=6312.0,6724.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/index/59220/annotation/411","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Her Husband's Experiences During the Holocaust; Being Sent to America ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=6724.0,7088.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/index/59220/annotation/412","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Just tell me what you just said. The reason you and Henry are so interesting.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=6724.0,7088.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/index/59220/annotation/413","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Birnbrey, Henry","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Dortmund, Germany","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Holocaust","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Kristallnacht","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"National Council of Jewish Women","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"World War II","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=6724.0,7088.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/index/59220/annotation/414","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Her and Her Husband's Life as a Couple; Helping Start Congregation Beth El ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=7088.0,7523.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/index/59220/annotation/415","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Tell me about your life as a couple. Your affiliation, religiously. You came from the Orthodox family; he came out of Germany. What did you choose to do together?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=7088.0,7523.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/index/59220/annotation/416","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Congregation Beth El (Atlanta, Ga.)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Conservative Judaism","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"High Holy Days","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish Theological Seminary","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Orthodox Judaism","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Reform Judaism","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=7088.0,7523.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/index/59220/annotation/417","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Her Daughter Judy's Experience in Israel, cont. ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=7523.0,8069.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/index/59220/annotation/418","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So, we had started talking about how this influence got into my children. I was telling you about Judy and about her experience in Israel.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=7523.0,8069.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/index/59220/annotation/419","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hebrew University of Jerusalem","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Israel","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jaffa Road (Jerusalem)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jerusalem","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"kibbutzim","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Sefer ve Sefel (Jerusalem)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=7523.0,8069.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/index/59220/annotation/420","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Her Daughter's Decision to Leave Israel; Moving Between Israel and the United States","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=8069.0,8636.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/index/59220/annotation/421","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What made [Judy] decide to leave Israel?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=8069.0,8636.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/index/59220/annotation/422","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Israel","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=8069.0,8636.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/index/59220/annotation/423","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"How Israel Has Changed Over Time; Kibbutzim and Aliyah ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=8636.0,8896.32"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/index/59220/annotation/424","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You've had an opportunity to see Israel over a period of time . . . Can you talk about some of the things that change, lifestyle and . . . What was it like, your first trip there in comparison?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=8636.0,8896.32"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243/index/59220/annotation/425","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hadassah","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Israel","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"kibbutzim","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"National Council of Jewish Women","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Youth Aliyah","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/102656/file/202243#t=8636.0,8896.32"}]}]}]}