{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/j96057fm2t/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Saul, Virginia (2024)"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["2024-09-13 (captured)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Agent"]},"value":{"en":["Saul, Virginia (Interviewee)","Berman, Sandra (Interviewer)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source"]},"value":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum","Esther and Herbert Taylor Oral History Collection","Jewish Oral History Project of Atlanta"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eVirginia Saul was interviewed by Sandra Berman on September 13, 2024, in Atlanta, Georgia. \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e (general)","\u003cp\u003eVirginia Diamond Saul was born in Atlanta, Georgia in 1928. She is the oldest of two children born to Benjamin and Theresa Stern Diamond, immigrants from Hungary. Virginia’s father worked in the grocery business and owned stores in the Atlanta area. Both of Virginia’s parents were active members of Ahavath Achim Synagogue and involved with the Progressive Club. Virginia attended State Street School before moving to James L. Key Elementary School, The Daniel O’Keefe Junior High School, and Girls’ High School. Virginia was involved in Young Judaea and went to Sunday school at Ahavath Achim Synagogue, where she would continue to be an active member throughout her life. Virginia attended the University of Georgia and was in the Delta Phi Epsilon sorority. \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eVirginia was introduced to Milton Saul by her cousin, who was Milton’s best friend. They married in 1950, and together they had three children, Karen, Michael, and Barbara. Milton worked for his father and helped run the family chain of department stores in Georgia, Saul’s Department Stores. Virginia was a teacher at Daniel O’Keefe Junior High School before she retired to raise her family. \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eVirgina has been involved with Girl Scouts of the USA, A.A. Sisterhood, Federation, and Hadassah. Hadassah became a major focal point of Virginia’s activism, serving as president of the Atlanta chapter twice and once as group president. Through Hadassah, Virginia has also led group trips to Israel. The Saul family has dedicated their time, efforts, and money to Ahavath Achim Synagogue, Atlanta Jewish Community Center, Atlanta Jewish Federation, B’nai B’rith Women, Hillel, the William Breman Jewish Home, and the Breman Museum. \u003c/p\u003e (bioghist)","\u003cp\u003eThe interview follows up on Virginia’s previous interview in 2004 and focuses on her community involvement and philanthropy as an adult. Virginia talks about her grandfather Henry Stern’s involvement in the founding of Congregation Beth Jacob. She reflects on her family’s involvement in Ahavath Achim Synagogue and her recollections of Rabbi Epstein. She recalls her experience growing up in Cabbagetown near the Fulton Bag and Cotton Mill, talking about the school she attended and how she interacted with people of different socioeconomic backgrounds. She discusses the Elsas family, who owned the mill, and her recollections of them.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eVirginia shares the story about how she got involved in Federation and expresses what Federation, A.A. Sisterhood, and Hadassah mean to her. She talks about her dedication to Zionism and how she became a Zionist from a young age. She discusses the events of October 7 and the ongoing war. She discusses her extended family and what happened to them during the Holocaust. She talks about Rella Saul Sloman, a relative and concentration camp survivor, and Rella’s refusal to talk about her experience with Virginia. She talks about her husband’s family business and where they had stores in Georgia. She reflects on changing attitudes during the Civil Rights Movement and her reaction to The Temple bombing. She shares an experience she had in Savannah at a restaurant where a sit-in was taking place. \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eVirginia discusses her upbringing and learning the importance of philanthropy from an early age. She talks about her involvement outside of the Jewish community, particularly in the The Duplicate Bridge Association of Atlanta. She shares what Israel means to her and the changes she’s seen there over the years. She reflects on her legacy and the values she has imparted on her children. She discusses being awarded the Kipnis-Wilson/Friedland Award, being a Lion of Judah, and details her involvement with Federation. \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eVirginia tells a story of two fellow community members coming to her house telling her to increase her contribution to Federation and she expresses her husband’s support of her involvement with various organizations. She talks about her children and their careers, and also talks about her grandchildren and great-grandchildren. She reflects on the changes Atlanta has undergone in her lifetime. She reflects on the recent increase antisemtic sentiment. Virginia discusses her role in the Esther and Herbert Taylor Oral History Project. The interview concludes with Virginia telling a story about a car accident involving her brother and Mayor Hartsfield that led to a 25 MPH speed limit being implemented in downtown Atlanta. \u003c/p\u003e (scope content)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject"]},"value":{"en":["Abelson, Charnye Bressler (1899-1990) (personal name)","Alterman, Chippie Rubin (1917-1997) (personal name)","Asher, Thomas Joseph (1936-2022) (personal name)","Blonder, Lois Semel (1933-2024) (personal name)","Blumberg, Janice Oettinger Rothschild (1924-2024) (personal name)","​​Diamond, Benjamin (1895-1982) (personal name)","Diamond, Donald Harris (1931-2013) (personal name)","Diamond, Theresa Stern (1907-2000) (personal name)","Elsas family (personal name)","Elsas, Edith Levy (1914-2010) (personal name)","Elsas, Herbert Rothschild (1910-1995) (personal name)","Epstein, Rabbi Harry Hyman (1903-2003) (personal name)","Epstein, Reva (Rebecca) Chashesman (1905-2001) (personal name)","Feldman, Rabbi Emanuel (b. 1927) (personal name)","Fleming, Barbara Saul (personal name)","Gettinger, Max C. (Mike) (1911-2000) (personal name)","Goldstein, Betty Cohen (1929-2015) (personal name)","Gottlieb, Lucy Amato (1929-2024) (personal name)","Hartsfield, Sr., William Berry (1890-1971) (personal name)","Hull, Cordell (1871-1955) (personal name)","Kahn, Edward M. (1895-1984) (personal name)","Karnibad, Anita Schwartzman Odrezin (b. 1929) (personal name)","King, Jr., Martin Luther (1929-1968) (personal name)","Krasner, Karen Saul (personal name)","Lavin, Renana Epstein (1930-2018) (personal name)","Lebedin, Charles (1901-1989) (personal name)","Levow, Joyce Spielberger (1929-2017) (personal name)","Netanyahu, Benjamin (b. 1949) (personal name)","Rosenberg, Samuel H. (1905-1962) (personal name)","Rothschild, Rabbi Jacob Mortimer \"Jack\" (1911-1973) (personal name)","Saul, Michael (personal name)","Saul, Milton (b. 1925) (personal name)","Saul, Rella Sloman (1928-2021) (personal name)","Saul, Virginia Diamond (b. 1928) (personal name)","Schwartzman, Cantor Joseph (1902-1969) (personal name)","Singer, Ruth Kruger (1918-2004) (personal name)","Stern, Henry (1877-1948) (personal name)","Stern, Regina Hurwitz (1918-1983) (personal name)","Stern, Zelma Kramer (1882-1971) (personal name)","Trump, Donald John (b. 1946) (personal name)","Weiner, Laurel Weinberg (1928-1996) (personal name)","Yudelson, Anne Spielberger (1901-1996) (personal name)","Yudelson, Harold (1923-2016) (personal name)","Yudelson, Solomon “Sol” Isaac (1896-1987) (personal name)","Zimmerman, Harriet Morse (1930-2017) (personal name)","Ahavath Achim Sisterhood (corporate name)","Ahavath Achim Synagogue (A.A.) (corporate name)","Atlanta Biltmore Hotel (corporate name)","Atlanta Bureau of Jewish Education (corporate name)","Beth Jacob Synagogue (corporate name)","Chapter Eleven (corporate name)","Congregation B'nai Torah (corporate name)","Congregation Or VeShalom (corporate name)","Congregation Shearith Israel (corporate name)","Crew Street School (corporate name)","C\u0026amp;S Bank (corporate name)","Duplicate Bridge Association of Atlanta (DBAAP) (corporate name)","Fulton Bag and Cotton Mills (corporate name)","Girl Scouts of the United States of America (corporate name)","Hadassah, the Women’s Zionist Organization of America (corporate name)","Hotel Ansley (corporate name)","James L. Key Elementary School (corporate name)","Jewish Federation of Greater Atlanta (corporate name)","Jewish Welfare Fund (corporate name)","​​John F. Faith Elementary School (corporate name)","Juliette Gordon Low Birthplace (corporate name)","Leb’s Restaurant (corporate name)","Lions of Judah (corporate name)","Loew's Grand (corporate name)","Marcus Jewish Community Center of Atlanta (corporate name)","Piedmont Park (corporate name)","Progressive Club (corporate name)","Red Cross (corporate name)","Rich's Department Store (corporate name)","Saul Department Stores (corporate name)","Shalom Atlanta (corporate name)","The Temple (corporate name)","Turtle's Records and Tapes (corporate name)","University of Georgia (corporate name)","William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum (corporate name)","Atlanta, Georgia (geographic term)","Austria-Hungary (geographic term)","Budapest, Hungary (geographic term)","Cabbagetown, Atlanta (geographic term)","Cartersville, Georgia (geographic term)","Gainesville, Georgia (geographic term)","Hungary (geographic term)","Israel (geographic term)","LaGrange, Georgia (geographic term)","Macon, Georgia (geographic term)","Marietta, Georgia (geographic term)","Piedmont Park (geographic term)","Savannah, Georgia (geographic term)","West Bank (geographic term)","Winder, Georgia (geographic term)","Antisemitism (topical term)","Israel-Palestine conflict (topical term)","Tunnels in the Gaza Strip (topical term)","Zionism (topical term)","American Civil Rights Movement (named event)","The Holocaust (named event)","Israel-Hamas War (named event)","October 7, 2023 (named event)","The Temple Bombing (named event)","World War I (named event)","World War II (named event)","2024 college campus protests (named event)","Ahavath Achim Sisterhood (other)","Concentration camps (other)","Conservative Judaism (other)","Contract bridge (other)","Esther and Herbert Taylor Oral History Project (other)","Hebrew (other)","Hebrew school (other)","Integration (other)","Kipnis-Wilson/Friedland Award (other)","Kosher (other)","Mossad (other)","Myrtle Wreath Award (other)","The Nobel Peace Prize (other)","Orthodox Judaism (other)","Seders (other)","Sisterhood (other)","Sit-in (other)","Tefillin (other)","Tzedakah (other)","Yiddish (other)"]}}],"summary":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eVirginia Saul was interviewed by Sandra Berman on September 13, 2024, in Atlanta, Georgia.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVirginia Diamond Saul was born in Atlanta, Georgia in 1928. She is the oldest of two children born to Benjamin and Theresa Stern Diamond, immigrants from Hungary. Virginia\u0026rsquo;s father worked in the grocery business and owned stores in the Atlanta area. Both of Virginia\u0026rsquo;s parents were active members of Ahavath Achim Synagogue and involved with the Progressive Club. Virginia attended State Street School before moving to James L. Key Elementary School, The Daniel O\u0026rsquo;Keefe Junior High School, and Girls\u0026rsquo; High School. Virginia was involved in Young Judaea and went to Sunday school at Ahavath Achim Synagogue, where she would continue to be an active member throughout her life. Virginia attended the University of Georgia and was in the Delta Phi Epsilon sorority.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eVirginia was introduced to Milton Saul by her cousin, who was Milton\u0026rsquo;s best friend. They married in 1950, and together they had three children, Karen, Michael, and Barbara. Milton worked for his father and helped run the family chain of department stores in Georgia, Saul\u0026rsquo;s Department Stores. Virginia was a teacher at Daniel O\u0026rsquo;Keefe Junior High School before she retired to raise her family.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eVirgina has been involved with Girl Scouts of the USA, A.A. Sisterhood, Federation, and Hadassah. Hadassah became a major focal point of Virginia\u0026rsquo;s activism, serving as president of the Atlanta chapter twice and once as group president. Through Hadassah, Virginia has also led group trips to Israel. The Saul family has dedicated their time, efforts, and money to Ahavath Achim Synagogue, Atlanta Jewish Community Center, Atlanta Jewish Federation, B\u0026rsquo;nai B\u0026rsquo;rith Women, Hillel, the William Breman Jewish Home, and the Breman Museum.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe interview follows up on Virginia\u0026rsquo;s previous interview in 2004 and focuses on her community involvement and philanthropy as an adult. Virginia talks about her grandfather Henry Stern\u0026rsquo;s involvement in the founding of Congregation Beth Jacob. She reflects on her family\u0026rsquo;s involvement in Ahavath Achim Synagogue and her recollections of Rabbi Epstein. She recalls her experience growing up in Cabbagetown near the Fulton Bag and Cotton Mill, talking about the school she attended and how she interacted with people of different socioeconomic backgrounds. She discusses the Elsas family, who owned the mill, and her recollections of them.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eVirginia shares the story about how she got involved in Federation and expresses what Federation, A.A. Sisterhood, and Hadassah mean to her. She talks about her dedication to Zionism and how she became a Zionist from a young age. She discusses the events of October 7 and the ongoing war. She discusses her extended family and what happened to them during the Holocaust. She talks about Rella Saul Sloman, a relative and concentration camp survivor, and Rella\u0026rsquo;s refusal to talk about her experience with Virginia. She talks about her husband\u0026rsquo;s family business and where they had stores in Georgia. She reflects on changing attitudes during the Civil Rights Movement and her reaction to The Temple bombing. She shares an experience she had in Savannah at a restaurant where a sit-in was taking place.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eVirginia discusses her upbringing and learning the importance of philanthropy from an early age. She talks about her involvement outside of the Jewish community, particularly in the The Duplicate Bridge Association of Atlanta. She shares what Israel means to her and the changes she\u0026rsquo;s seen there over the years. She reflects on her legacy and the values she has imparted on her children. She discusses being awarded the Kipnis-Wilson/Friedland Award, being a Lion of Judah, and details her involvement with Federation.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eVirginia tells a story of two fellow community members coming to her house telling her to increase her contribution to Federation and she expresses her husband\u0026rsquo;s support of her involvement with various organizations. She talks about her children and their careers, and also talks about her grandchildren and great-grandchildren. She reflects on the changes Atlanta has undergone in her lifetime. She reflects on the recent increase antisemtic sentiment. Virginia discusses her role in the Esther and Herbert Taylor Oral History Project. The interview concludes with Virginia telling a story about a car accident involving her brother and Mayor Hartsfield that led to a 25 MPH speed limit being implemented in downtown Atlanta.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"]},"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/254/111/small/virginasaul2024.mp4_1728492123.jpg?1728492131","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - virgina_saul_2024.mp4"]},"duration":3295.108,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/254/111/small/virginasaul2024.mp4_1728492123.jpg?1728492131","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-thebreman.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/254/111/original/virgina_saul_2024.mp4?1728492116","type":"Video","format":"video/mp4","duration":3295.108,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Saul, Virginia [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Today is Friday the 13 of September, and I am here with Virginia Saul, who has agreed to participate in the Esther and Herbert Taylor Oral History project of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum. I'm so pleased that you came in. I know you were interviewed once before, but there's some aspects of your life in the last 15 years and some from earlier that we'd like to go over again. Thank you. I reread your previous interview, and you were a great interviewee, a great memoirist. You told so much about early life in Atlanta and about your family. But there were a couple of things that really struck me, one of the first questions that came to mind is you mentioned that your grandfather was one of the founders of Beth Jacob Congregation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=2.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SAUL: Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=60.0,61.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Do you know why he decided he wanted to do that? There were already two orthodox congregations here. There was Shearith Israel . . . really three, Or VeShalom, and A.A. [Ahavath Achim] was still Orthodox. What drove him to want to be a part of this new synagogue?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=61.0,75.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SAUL: I think it wasn't Orthodox enough, they were tending toward the Conservative and he just wanted to be a member of another synagogue and to start a synagogue. In fact, I'm sure I've got this correct, Rabbi [Emanuel] Feldman, when he first came here, he lived with my grandmother because she kept such a great kosher home. It didn't carry over to us but . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=75.0,104.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Tell me their names, your grandparents names.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=104.0,107.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SAUL: Zelma and Henry Stern.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=107.0,111.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Rabbi Feldman, Emanuel Feldman, lived with them?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=111.0,114.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SAUL: Lived with them for a few weeks and everything.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=114.0,117.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: That's amazing. Did he have a . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=117.0,120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SAUL: He wasn't married yet, I don't think.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=120.0,123.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: We don't have . . . we have Rabbi Feldman's papers here, but we've never interviewed him. What can you tell me about the relationship between your grandfather and Rabbi Feldman, or what you remember about Rabbi Feldman?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=123.0,137.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SAUL: I don't remember, all I know is he went to synagogue, and he put on the tefillin morning and night. As a little girl, I used to hide under the dining room table while he did it. One of my cousins was active in Beth Jacob for a while, but then he went to Temple B'nai Torah because transportation became an issue for some people. But I don't remember anything about why he did it or anything, I was too young.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=137.0,176.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Your parents did they . . . ?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=176.0,178.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SAUL: My parents stayed at A.A.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=178.0,180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Even after it became Conservative?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=180.0,182.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SAUL: Right. In fact, my father, Ben Diamond, used to play golf with Rabbi [Harry] Epstein so we stayed there. I grew up with Renana, she was one of my closest friends, as is Anita Schwartzman, who is Cantor [Joseph] Schwartzman's daughter, is still one of our good friends today.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=182.0,203.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Tell me about your recollections of Rabbi Epstein. What was he like as someone outside of the synagogue?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=203.0,212.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SAUL: He was very caring, he was very strict, and he expected you to do your best. At one time, sitting upstairs in the old shul on Washington Street, the Rabbi stopped his sermon and said, quote, \"Virginia and Renana, will you please stop talking.\" That was the kind of man he was. But when I spent the night over there, he was just as warm and friendly. I kept up that relationship all my life. In fact, I was president of Hadassah for one of their big events, and the rabbi said he wasn't coming. I called Mrs. Epstein, I never called her Reva to her face, but I called up Reva and I said, \"Look, he's known me all my life and I am president of Hadassah, and it is our biggest affair.\" I think it was maybe the 50th anniversary, which I was also the chairman of. I said, \"He has got to come.\" She says, \"He'll be there\" and he came.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=212.0,276.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: That's great. I know he was kind of tough.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=276.0,280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SAUL: He was very tough.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=280.0,281.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: I've heard that some people either loved him or you didn't like him so much.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=281.0,287.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SAUL: You didn't like him, or you loved him, and I loved him. I thought he was just great.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=287.0,291.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: I interviewed him a couple times, and one thing that he said toward the end of his life was that he had regrets about not getting the synagogue more involved in the general community, sort of like The Temple with Civil Rights . . . he only tended to . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=291.0,319.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SAUL: The synagogue.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=319.0,320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: To the synagogue. Do you think there were congregants who wished he would have been different, that he would have been more like a Rabbi [Jacob] Rothschild and done more in the community.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=320.0,333.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SAUL: I think he could've been because he was interested in everything, and he was a supporter of Civil Rights. I just don't know why he didn't do it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=333.0,343.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Another aspect of your earlier interview that I was very interested in was the part where that as a young child, you lived near Fulton Bag and Cotton Mills.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=343.0,355.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SAUL: Right.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=355.0,357.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Describe what that experience was like.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=357.0,360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SAUL: My brother and I went to a school called Faith Street School. We were the only Jewish students in the school. I have a picture, class picture, I guess kindergarten or first grade. You know how you used to sit in rows? The children didn't have shoes, it was a poor neighborhood. But I was never afraid to walk in their areas or go in their areas, it never bothered me. I knew as a young child that they were different from me because my daddy had a grocery store at 180 Pearl Street and we happened to have more, a postman across the street and a doctor next door. But the main group of people in that area lived in shacks, cotton mill places . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=360.0,418.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Cabbagetown.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=418.0,420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SAUL: Cabbagetown and many of our classmates were Cabbagetown students but there was no difference. I never felt . . . I did feel like my dresses were nicer but other than that, I never felt anything.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=420.0,436.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Do you think that had a long lasting effect on you thinking about how different socioeconomic groups can learn to get along?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=436.0,451.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SAUL: I think it did. I think that's why I accept everyone, because I grew up in that environment. Then after I got to the fourth, third grade, my mother decided we needed to be at a Jewish school, so we went to James L. Key. We moved and it was really an entirely different environment.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=451.0,481.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Do you have a recollection of the special friend that you had from the earlier school, from living in that neighborhood by Fulton Bag?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=481.0,490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SAUL: No. In fact, I was thinking about it the other day, I used to be friendly with twin girls. For a few years after I left, we kept in contact but then the social part, it just got to be too much. I never saw them again and never heard from them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=490.0,509.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: When you drive by that area, do you ever drive by Fulton Bag and what do you think?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=509.0,514.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SAUL: I have gone into Fulton Bag because they've turned it into condos, and they have an art exhibit there once a year. I always go and it's very interesting and it's surprising. It so happens . . . all of the sudden I can't think of the names of the people that owned it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=514.0,536.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: The Elsas family.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=536.0,537.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SAUL: The Elsas family. Edith Elsas was one of my girlfriends. She and I were in the same garden club, and she lived around the corner, and we talked about old times once in a while. She was president of the Chatta-Ridge Garden Club at one time, and I was president of it. It was interesting. [She was] Herbert Elsas' wife.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=537.0,566.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Yes, because even I . . . when I drive by it, because I knew Tom Asher so well and I used to love to hear stories about the old mill.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=566.0,577.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SAUL: He would know more about it because I never went to the mill. I just went to Cabbagetown. I used to go into their homes sometimes with my daddy's delivery boy. He used to ride a bicycle, and he would ride me on his bicycle to make groceries, deliver groceries, and I never thought their houses was that poor.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=577.0,600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: They were those shotgun house houses?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=600.0,602.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SAUL: They were row houses.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=602.0,603.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Could you describe what they looked like?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=603.0,606.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SAUL: They look like small apartments next to each other, but no second stories and they were very tiny.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=606.0,617.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Going back to your earlier interview, you did mention also the influence that your Aunt Regina Hurwitz Stern had on your life. You said, and I quote, \"There are three things that you have to do while I'm here.\" She says, \"You have to join A.A., you have to give 10 cents a day to Federation . . . \"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=617.0,645.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SAUL: That was Laurel Weiner, that was Laurel Weiner that said that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=645.0,650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: It wasn't your aunt.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=650.0,651.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SAUL: No.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=651.0,652.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Then I read that incorrectly. Tell me who said that to you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=652.0,657.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SAUL: I got married, January 4, 1950, and went on our honeymoon. Then when we came back two weeks later, my mother-in-law said our apartment wasn't ready. It was a Taylor apartment at 1452 East Rock Springs Road, and it wasn't ready, so we lived in the Biltmore Hotel for two weeks, it was great. Then we moved February 1 into our apartment on Rock Springs Road and on Wednesday or Thursday of that week, Laurel Weinberg Weiner came to me. We were college friends, and we grew up together, and she says to me, \"You have to do three things.\" I said, \"What are you talking about?\" She says, \"You have to join Hadassah for $5, you have to join the A.A. Sisterhood for $5, and you have to give me 10 cents a day for the Jewish Welfare Fund, which is $36.50.\" I says, \"Are you sure?\" She said, \"Yes.\" Those were the first three checks I wrote as Mrs. Milton Saul. What's so unusual is those three organizations, 75 years, I'm still active in, I do something for each one of those organizations every year.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=657.0,736.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: You're still writing checks!","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=736.0,737.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SAUL: I'm still writing checks.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=737.0,741.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: That's what I wanted to discuss. I want you to put into your own words what each of those organizations means to you. We can start with Hadassah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=741.0,751.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SAUL: Let's start with Sisterhood.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=751.0,752.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Okay.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=752.0,753.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SAUL: A.A. Sisterhood. First of all, it makes me aware of my Jewishness, and it has taught me a lot about the history of the Jews. Rabbi Epstein used to be very active with the Sisterhood women, so it was very correct. I learned a lot and I made a lot of friends. That's what all three organizations has done. It has enabled me to meet different people, different classes, different level that I have become close friends with and kept all my life. Hadassah has meant a lot to me because I am an ardent Zionist. Which is not a good thing to say today. I love the work that Hadassah does and when I go to Israel and I see my Hadassah hospital, I am thrilled with what we've done and what we're still doing and the work that we do here educationally. Then Federation has given me a different thing because I'm with women and peers that feel exactly like I feel. I don't like people that don't feel like I feel, I don't know if I should say that, but Ruth Singer who was an early . . . is it okay to admit names?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=753.0,828.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Absolutely.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=828.0,830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SAUL: Ruth Singer was a good friend of mine and one day we were talking, we were playing bridge one night with our husbands, and I said something, I went to collect something, and the person didn't give it to me. I said, \"I just don't think I can count on her as a friend.\" She says, \"I'm with you.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=830.0,848.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: That's great. All three . . . you are such an ardent Zionist, when did that start?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=848.0,858.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SAUL: I think it started with my family, with my mother, with my father, really. He fought in World War I in the Austria-Hungary Army and, and his brother was in the American Army, and they could have killed each other. He was shot through the hips, and he was in a hospital in France for 18 months and he hated the Red Cross because they did not treat the Jewish people good. He told me, never give to the Red Cross . . . I don't think I should be saying that. You can cut it?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=858.0,896.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: I'm happy you're saying all of it. You're doing great.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=896.0,900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SAUL: Anyway, he always was interested and kept up with the news. He took me as a young child to hear Cordell Hull at the city auditorium and he would say this is not good for the Jews, there's going to be a second World War. We had family in Europe, and it was before 1948 he said we should have a state of our own. I always heard and I grew up with that. In 1948, I was really an ardent Zionist already.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=900.0,947.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: How did the war and what happened to the Jewish people during the war change your perspective on things or add to your perspective, being a Zionist?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=947.0,961.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SAUL: First of all, I found out that the world, no matter what the Jews do, we are always to blame. That hasn't changed, especially now since the October event. Israel is not 100 percent correct. In fact, I can't stand what they're doing in the West Bank, but it changed my views on how people should behave because the rest of the world reacts to Jewish people differently than they do to any other kind of person. I think that's made my Judaism and my Zionist feelings stronger. I don't know if that makes sense.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=961.0,1001.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: No, it does. I would like you to elaborate on why you think the rest of the world thinks of Jewish people differently.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=1001.0,1011.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SAUL: I just feel like they have no idea. That bothers me that you can see now in the newspapers, Jewish students are protesting for the Palestinians, and they don't understand the whole background. I could understand why if they understood it and they still wanted to, because I think that we have done overkill myself. I know why they have, because of the tunnels. I still don't understand why the Israeli Secret Service or Mossad or whatever couldn't know they were building those elaborate tunnels underground. It bothers me. They are supposed to be so sophisticated. I just don't think the world understands how Jewish people really feel.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=1011.0,1067.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: I know because I've known you for so long and I actually know some of your relatives that you did have a family who were stuck in Europe during the war.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=1067.0,1080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SAUL: Right.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=1080.0,1081.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Do you know what happened to them?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=1081.0,1082.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SAUL: My father's brothers were all killed except one who went to Israel after the war.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=1082.0,1089.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Where were they?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=1089.0,1091.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SAUL: In Hungary. My mother's family, none of them went in the war, it was all my father's. My father had an older sister, and she stayed in Hungary, and she had children, but her children, one went to Canada . . . and I'll tell you, that's a different story. I lost contact with her and the other children converted and I don't have any contact with them. But my relatives in Israel they're great, and they're fine, and they can't stand Netanyahu.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=1091.0,1133.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Were you . . . I know you're a Saul.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=1133.0,1139.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SAUL: My maiden name was Diamond.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=1139.0,1141.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Diamond. The Saul side, when you married Milton, he also had family who were . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=1141.0,1149.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SAUL: Yes, he had a bunch of family, and a bunch of them escaped and they got to Israel some before the war and some after the war.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=1149.0,1157.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: What about Rella Saul? She came here.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=1157.0,1162.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SAUL: Rella Saul Sloman, after the war she came here after she had been in a concentration camp. In fact, my father-in-law with Sol Yudelson, helped bring them over.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=1162.0,1174.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Just as a sidebar, Harold Yudelson is my son-in-law's grandfather.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=1174.0,1180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SAUL: Really? Okay. Anne Yudelson, his wife was a Spielberger, and her mother was my grandfather's sister. It's all . . . Harriet Zimmerman was my co-chairman for Federation, and she said to me, \"You know, one thing I learned in Atlanta, in New York, or anywhere else, you say, 'what kind of business are you in?'\" She said, \"But I learned when I came to Atlanta is 'who are your relatives?'\" Have you ever heard that? That's the truth. You can't talk about anybody in Atlanta, because everybody is connected.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=1180.0,1224.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: That's true. Did you ever talk to Rella Saul Sloman . . . ?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=1224.0,1230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SAUL: Yes, I spoke with her a lot . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=1230.0,1232.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: No, about her . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=1232.0,1233.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SAUL: She would never tell me about her concentration things. She never talked about it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=1233.0,1239.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Do you think that's because . . . ?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=1239.0,1241.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SAUL: It was so horrible.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=1241.0,1245.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: My question is, were we as people who did not experience that, too afraid to ask?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=1245.0,1252.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SAUL: No, I asked, but she wouldn't talk. At least not to me. She just said, \"You don't want to know.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=1252.0,1262.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: That's interesting.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=1262.0,1263.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SAUL: I think her husband talked to Milton, but he's never discussed it with me.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=1263.0,1271.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Now I want to go back to when you were first married and you became a Saul, and the Saul's had department stores all over the place.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=1271.0,1283.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SAUL: Right.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=1283.0,1284.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: All over . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=1284.0,1285.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SAUL: Georgia.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=1285.0,1286.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: All over Georgia. How many were there, actually?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=1286.0,1289.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SAUL: At one time we had, I think 12 or 13. There were other Saul stores in Winder [Georgia] and other places. They were all in the retail business. We were mainly in Marietta [Georgia] on the Square.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=1289.0,1308.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Where else besides Marietta and Winder?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=1308.0,1312.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SAUL: Cartersville [Georgia], Macon [Georgia], I don't know, LaGrange [Georgia], Gainesville [Georgia], did I say?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=1312.0,1323.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Were they general merchandise?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=1323.0,1325.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SAUL: They were all general merchandise at that time. They had a Saul's department store downtown in Atlanta, across the street from Rich's that was in Saul's Family . . . not in Saul's, a different Saul family.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=1325.0,1343.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: What I would like to know is, during the Civil Rights Era, when integration was . . . when there were protests and places were being integrated, how did the Saul stores handle that in these small communities or in Marietta? Did they change the staff to include African Americans? Did they have dressing rooms that allowed whites and blacks to use them?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=1343.0,1371.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SAUL: Not that I know of.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=1371.0,1373.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Was that ever discussed? Do you remember what . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=1373.0,1376.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SAUL: I don't remember, but I do know that my father-in-law would have done whatever was correct, so I don't know.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=1376.0,1387.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Did they discuss in your family the changing times and how it was affecting their business or how . . . ?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=1387.0,1394.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SAUL: Nothing ever really affected because they swam with the times, when it was integration, then they let the people come in the stores. I don't know if they had separate . . . I can't remember, I'll ask Milton.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=1394.0,1408.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: If they had separate facilities and drinking fountains?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=1408.0,1413.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SAUL: Right, I don't know. They didn't have drinking faucets in the store.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=1413.0,1420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: How did you feel about growing up in the South and being a Jewish person and thinking about all of these inequities growing up?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=1420.0,1429.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SAUL: I never gave it a thought.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=1429.0,1432.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: In retrospect, why?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=1432.0,1434.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SAUL: I don't know why. I think it was just the way I grew up, the way I was associated with the people. I think back and I say, why didn't I think about it?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=1434.0,1449.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Did any of your friends, were any of them active or vocal about Civil Rights?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=1449.0,1454.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SAUL: No, and I was with some very active friends like Betty Cohen Goldstein, Joyce Spielberger Levow, Renana Epstein, before they got married. We knew it was an injustice, but it didn't affect us. That was terrible. The one thing I do regret is that Rabbi Rothschild and Milton were in the same golf group, and when he sponsored the Nobel Prize, when they came here and he asked us to come, I don't know why we didn't go, and I regret that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=1454.0,1493.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Can you expand on that and tell what the dinner was all about?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=1493.0,1496.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SAUL: It was to honor Martin Luther King [Jr.] for winning the Nobel Peace Prize. They had a dinner for him downtown at the Ansley, and we didn't go, and I regret it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=1496.0,1510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Do you know why you didn't go? Did you discuss it?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=1510.0,1513.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SAUL: We just said no. I don't know why we didn't go. Maybe we were afraid.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=1513.0,1520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Do you remember where you were when The Temple was bombed?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=1520.0,1524.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SAUL: I think I was home. It was early in the morning, so sure, I was home.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=1524.0,1531.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Do you remember your reaction to . . . ?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=1531.0,1533.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SAUL: I thought it was terrible.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=1533.0,1535.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Were you afraid?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=1535.0,1536.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SAUL: Yes. I do remember Mayor Hartsfield, and I remember how strong he was and that made us all feel better.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=1536.0,1549.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Do you think the Jewish community changed after that in how they reacted to antisemitism? A lot of people said because of the reaction, or Janice Rothschild said because of the support of the of the general community toward the Jewish community, that the Jewish community had felt more self-assured after that incident.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=1549.0,1576.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SAUL: The whole community came together but it didn't last, I don't think.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=1576.0,1584.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Can you elaborate on that?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=1584.0,1585.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SAUL: No.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=1585.0,1587.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: I would love for you to elaborate.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=1587.0,1588.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SAUL: I know you would, but I don't think so. I think this community has still got a long way to grow.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=1588.0,1606.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Do you remember going to Leb's Restaurant?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=1606.0,1609.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SAUL: Leb's? Yes, downtown.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=1609.0,1611.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Do you remember . . . ?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=1611.0,1612.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SAUL: It was the happening, It was like you were in New York. It was great and it was fun.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=1612.0,1619.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Do you remember Charlie Lebedin?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=1619.0,1621.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SAUL: Yes, I do remember him. He was a character. Do you remember him?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=1621.0,1625.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: No, I wasn't here.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=1625.0,1627.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SAUL: You weren't here  yet . . . He ran a good restaurant, and he was a character.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=1627.0,1636.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Do you remember the protests?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=1636.0,1638.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SAUL: The what?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=1638.0,1639.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: There were protests outside his restaurant when he wouldn't integrate.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=1639.0,1641.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SAUL: Yes, I do remember but we still went. I have to tell you something, we're talking about protests. I was a Girl Scout leader, and I took my Girl Scouts to Savannah [Georgia] for the Juliette Low House, and while we were there, there was a sit-down in the restaurant that we're eating at for Civil Rights. My Girl Scouts, it was a Jewish Scout Troop, and everybody was fighting it. They said we should join them. That was the first time that we had ever done it. I was so worried about these little girls and my Scout Troop. But anyway, that was the first really sit-down that I was in or around.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=1641.0,1690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Do you regret not joining them?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=1690.0,1693.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SAUL: We did.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=1693.0,1694.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: You did join them?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=1694.0,1695.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SAUL: No, we didn't because when you got other people's children, you don't do things.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=1695.0,1703.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: What was the first time you remember making a charitable contribution?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=1703.0,1713.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SAUL: When I was a little girl, I used to go to Sunday School at the Crew Street School and I would take a nickel for the Welfare Fund for the Jewish people, I remember that. I would get a dime for that and a nickel for candy at the little candy store next door.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=1713.0,1734.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Was charity a part of your upbringing? Was charitable contributions a part of your home life?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=1734.0,1741.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SAUL: Yes. My parents told my brother and I, no matter what you have, you have to share, and you have to give. If you can't, you try to give what you can. If you can't give a lot, you give what you can afford to give. Sometimes I've had to do that, sometimes I give more and sometimes I get less. It depends on your life situation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=1741.0,1768.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Why do you think that was so important to your parents?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=1768.0,1771.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SAUL: I think it was a Jewish tradition of giving, tzedakah. They grew up with that and I think that it was just ingrained. I've tried to teach it to my children, some of them a little tighter than others.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=1771.0,1792.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: But that's important to you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=1792.0,1794.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SAUL: Right, it is. I want them to be part of the community.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=1794.0,1799.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: What is your definition of a philanthropist?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=1799.0,1803.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SAUL: A person that gives not only their dollars, but of themselves. To be a philanthropist, you don't have to give a lot, but you do have to give with heart and understanding.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=1803.0,1821.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: How have you tried to pass that idea down to your children?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=1821.0,1830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SAUL: By example and talking about it, like at the seders, always bringing up some of the stories. At the seder, they always want one story so sometimes I tell a story that has to do with Atlanta, but it always comes back to giving of yourself or giving something. That's way we were brought up. My grandfather seders used to be that way.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=1830.0,1853.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Can you tell us one of those stories?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=1853.0,1858.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SAUL: Not really, it's just little family things.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=1858.0,1864.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: What is your definition of community?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=1864.0,1869.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SAUL: Community is a group that have the same feelings, likes, and understanding, and are willing to work together. I think that's community.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=1869.0,1883.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Does Judaism inform the way you think about community?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=1883.0,1889.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SAUL: In a way, my community involves Judaism.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=1889.0,1896.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Have you outreached to other communities or is it mainly within the Jewish community that you have?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=1896.0,1902.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SAUL: I am very active in the bridge community. In fact, I was named Sportsperson of the Year for the Atlanta Bridge Clubs. I've given up a lot of my work since Milton is sick, I just can't do a lot. I have to be home every night because I don't have caretakers at night. My bridge community has become part of my family, and they all understand how I feel, and they know I'm a Democrat.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=1902.0,1934.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Are some of them not?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=1934.0,1936.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SAUL: Some of them are not. One of my partners is Jewish and she is a rabid Trumper. The two of us do not discuss because if we did, we would never be friends.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=1936.0,1950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Has that been difficult?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=1950.0,1952.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SAUL: It's difficult, yes, but that's the way life is. You take it . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=1952.0,1961.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: I know that Israel's survival and security is very important to you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=1961.0,1966.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SAUL: I can't hear you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=1966.0,1967.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: I know that Israel's survival is very important to you. Put into words what the land of Israel means to you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=1967.0,1976.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SAUL: What does the land of . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=1976.0,1977.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: What Israel means to you. Put into words what Israel means to you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=1977.0,1986.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SAUL: Israel, to me, means a homeland, a refuge. Should be an example to the world. I'm trying to find the right words to say. It makes me fill with joy when I know what they have accomplished. I just wish that they could spread goodwill throughout the world instead of having to fight all the time. Somehow or another there has to be a peace between the Arab countries and Israel. We're not giving it up and they're not taking it back. I don't know if that answers your question or not.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=1986.0,2047.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: How many times have you been to Israel?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=2047.0,2048.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SAUL: About 12.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=2048.0,2050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Has one trip meant more to you than any others, if it was special?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=2050.0,2054.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SAUL: I think the first trip is always exciting. The funniest thing about my first trip to Israel is when we got off the plane, there were about 30 relatives there to greet us, and they put me in a car with two of Milton's aunts. They spoke no English, I spoke no Hebrew, and they didn't speak Yiddish. It was hysterical, but we understood each other.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=2054.0,2082.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: That's wonderful.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=2082.0,2083.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SAUL: It was a wonderful experience. It's just remarkable, from that first trip and then to see what they've done over the years that I have gone back, it's unbelievable. It's really unbelievable.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=2083.0,2105.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: What is the biggest change you've seen or witnessed?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=2105.0,2110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SAUL: First of all, all the buildings and the growth, the land, the technology. It's just amazing what they've done.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=2110.0,2125.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/187","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: What do you want your legacy to be?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=2125.0,2129.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/188","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SAUL: I was taught that you had to protect your name, and my children know that I have rules. My children would say, \"That's momma's rule number 13 and number 50.\" Rule number 18 is you have to protect your good name. I think that you have to protect your name, make your people, friends respect you, honor your family's name, and do always what's right. I don't know if that makes sense.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=2129.0,2164.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/189","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: It does.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=2164.0,2165.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/190","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SAUL: But that's what I tell my grandchildren and my great grandchildren. I say, \"Now listen, when you go out, you've got to behave yourself, because I don't want them to say that that little Saul child is not good.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=2165.0,2176.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: You have a very strict moral compass?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=2176.0,2179.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SAUL: Right.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=2179.0,2183.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/193","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: I recently heard that you were the recipient of the Kipnis-Wilson/Friedland Award. It's a national honor bestowed upon a woman of valor in Jewish communities throughout North America. This is a very big honor and achievement, and I'd like you to speak to what that means to you, this award.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=2183.0,2207.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/194","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SAUL: I'm honored, and I was shocked. Longevity does have its perks, and this is one of them. But it means that I'm with people that are recognized by my peers as someone that has devoted herself to making Jewish life easier for people all over the world. Being a participant, it just makes me feel really good. I'm trying to transfer those feelings to my family and to my friends. I think it's just great that so many women are being recognized and that I'm recognized by my community, and I'm just overjoyed.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=2207.0,2255.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: You were a very early wearer of the Lion of Judah pin.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=2255.0,2261.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/196","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SAUL: I'll tell you about that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=2261.0,2262.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Yes, I would like to hear.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=2262.0,2264.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SAUL: Harriet Zimmerman, my co-chairmen had a place in Florida, and she was a Lion from Florida, and she brought it to Atlanta. That was 1980, and we all thought it was so gaudy. We didn't want to wear anything like that. It took two years after us for Lois Blonder's chairmanship for it to come back. That was 1984. It just captured the imagination all of the sudden, but Harriet is the one who first brought it to Atlanta to try first to start. I thought it was just a wonderful idea. I've gotten my lion pin, and I wear it with pride, I should have worn it today. But one of the great things that happened to me, I was on an elevator in Japan, and I had my lion on because everywhere I go, I usually wear it, and this lady turns to me, \"We're a member of the same club. Aren't you proud of us?\" I said, \"Yes, I am.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=2264.0,2333.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/199","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: That's wonderful. Can you describe the pin a little bit?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=2333.0,2336.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/200","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SAUL: The pin is a lion and it's a really beautiful gold pin. Each year you get a diamond to put on your pin and there are different categories for your pin, you can get it for the nose. You have different categories; you have a different stone for each category. Everywhere you go, people remark about it and want to know what it is. A lot of my Jewish friends, believe it or not, maybe not, they say, \"I'd like to get a pin.\" I say, \"I'll be glad to get signed up for one.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=2336.0,2378.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Explain how you get it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=2378.0,2380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SAUL: You get a pin, you have to make a donation to the Federation, the Atlanta Jewish Federation of $5,400 and then you can have a lion. It's just a beautiful gesture and it makes you feel good when you put it on.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=2380.0,2403.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: What does that money generally go to?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=2403.0,2405.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SAUL: It goes to different projects and things that the Federation does. I think that's . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=2405.0,2413.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/205","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Are your children . . . ?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=2413.0,2414.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/206","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SAUL: I have two children that are Lions, but anyway my mother, my grandmother, everybody gave to Federation. They were all members of Hadassah and life members.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=2414.0,2429.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: You never mentioned, if we could backtrack a little bit, what Federation means to you and your involvement with Federation?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=2429.0,2438.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SAUL: Federation, to me, covers all the organizations. It used to, anyway, more so than it does now. To me, it unites the whole community, and I think that some people say, \"I just want to give to one organization.\" But if you give Federation, you’re giving to all organizations in the city, plus Israel.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=2438.0,2467.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/209","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: What have you done for Federation? What have been some of your roles within the Federation community?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=2467.0,2477.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SAUL: I have been women's division chairman in 1980 to 1982 or whatever. I have worked my way up of all of the chairmen, I did a program with Dr. Billy Silver, Creating Community, which is a history of the clubs in Atlanta from the beginning to 1990, whatever. We went through The Temple group, the Or VeShalom group, all the different clubs and members. It was really an interesting thing. We did it at the history center. I also chaired Newcomers, I don't think we have that anymore, Newcomers Organization I have to say, I guess at my age, I can say it, my friends and mentors were Ed Kahn, Mike Gettinger, Sam Rosenberg, these were my friends . . . Al Friedman. I feel like those four men guided me in the correct way. I think I'm the oldest living person of my generation that's active in all these organizations.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=2477.0,2566.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: That's quite an accomplishment.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=2566.0,2569.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SAUL: I'm lucky. I think I am . . . I know Marlene Winslow [sp] a chairman, but she's younger than I am. But other than that, I think I'm the oldest person. Working with the Bureau, I was on the Bureau of Jewish Education Board, and everybody was afraid of Ed Kahn.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=2569.0,2594.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/213","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: I'm so glad that you mentioned these individuals, tell me a little bit about Ed Kahn. He was the first professional social worker . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=2594.0,2607.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SAUL: I used to go down to 41 Exchange Place. That's where the offices were, and all their offices were right together. It was a great educational lesson every time you went. It was great. Ed was a tyrant. He wanted everything done the way he wanted, but you got to know him, he wasn't that tough. Sam Rosenberg was a kitten, he was just the most wonderful man for education, and history and everything. Al Friedman was a Zionist to his ears. I was so lucky to have these men as my friends.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=2607.0,2652.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Mike Gettinger, what about him?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=2652.0,2654.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SAUL: Mike was just a nice guy, and he is a guy that . . . I'll tell you a story about Mike, he's the guy that got Milton to start giving more than he did. But talking about Federation, I was newly married now living in our house, and I think I was giving  $50 or $100, and my next door neighbor was Charnye Abelson. One day, Charnye and Alterman . . . Chippie came to my house, took my name from Federation they came, and they looked because I'd written a check and they said, \"You have to give $1,500.\" I said, \"$1,500?\" They said, \"Yes, you need to raise your gift to $1,500.\" I said, \"I don't think I can . . . I don't know.\" They said, \"You should.\" I called up Milton, I said, \"Milton, Miss Abelson and Chippie Alterman are over here, and they said I should raise my gift of $1,500.\" He says, \"You do what the ladies say.\" I raised my gift to $1,500. I've always laughed about it because some people would get mad and never give to Federation again, but here is my husband who has always supported me in everything I've done through Hadassah, Sisterhood, Federation. If they say increase, you increase.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=2654.0,2742.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/217","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: That's a wonderful story. Tell me a little bit about your children. Who are they?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=2742.0,2749.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/218","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SAUL: My children are Michael Saul, Karen Krasner, and Barbara Fleming.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=2749.0,2757.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/219","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: What do they do?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=2757.0,2759.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/220","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SAUL: Michael is an attorney. Karen is retired, she worked in our stores, our record store and our dress shop, separate shops. Barbara owned Chapter Eleven, she was a CPA [Certified Public Accountant], and she was a . . . controller for Turtle’s, our records store. They're all here, and I can truthfully say, I think I'm very lucky. All my children, all my grandchildren and all 14 and a half of my great grandchildren live in Atlanta. That's amazing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=2759.0,2805.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/221","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: How many grandchildren do you have?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=2805.0,2807.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/222","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SAUL: I have six living. I had one that died, she had a little problem with vaping.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=2807.0,2815.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/223","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Sorry to hear that. That's a wonderful legacy. If you could tell them a credo or what you would like to pass down to them, what would that be?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=2815.0,2840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/224","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SAUL: First of all, they have to accept everyone. They have to learn to give, they have to participate, and I have to say . . . my grandchildren do participate. They're all active. They do something for some organization, whether it's Piedmont Park, Community Center, drugs, Federation. I got one Federation. They all do something, and my great grandchildren keep saying, \"Gigi, we want to be just like you.\" I say, \"Okay!\" Maybe I'm setting a good example for them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=2840.0,2883.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/225","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: How do you see Atlanta having changed in the last . . . you have witnessed so much over your long life, how have you seen the city and the Jewish community having changed?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=2883.0,2897.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/226","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SAUL: I used to know everybody in the city of Atlanta or knew of them in some way. In fact, one year we went to some type of a fundraiser or something, I've forgotten for whom at the Progressive Club, and I turned to Milton and said, \"Milton, the only people I know in this room are the waiters.\" Which is really true, that's how Atlanta has changed so much. The traffic is terrible because when I was little, my mother would take me to the doctor's office downtown by C\u0026S Bank, we'd double park our car, tell the policeman to watch the car while she took me up to get a shot. You can't do anything like that today. I don't think . . . I think the crime issue . . . I never worried about walking in a black neighborhood or a poor white neighborhood because nobody would bother you. It's just different today. I love the city; we have everything here. I think it's the greatest city in the United States. The growth has grown too fast, and we've had good leadership, I think we have.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=2897.0,2986.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/227","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Finally, we talked about it a little earlier, all of us within the Jewish community, we're all witnessing a real upsurge in antisemitism. What do you attribute that to?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=2986.0,3003.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/228","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SAUL: I think it's because of this . . . first of all, I think politically, I don't want to say . . . but I think the October 6 brought out a lot of the hate, especially since the bombing in Gaza and the Jewish students on campuses. The Palestinians have paid workers, paid . . . what do you call it? Agitators, helping all these groups, I'm sure, positive. Nobody can tell me that they're . . . and I think that's helped. I don't think some of our leadership in this country has done their jobs. I think it's hidden.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=3003.0,3056.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/229","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Have you discussed this with your family? Is there a general fear as a Jewish person?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=3056.0,3064.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/230","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SAUL: I fear for my children in the future, but I do have to say, my next door neighbor and several of my bridge partners are not Jewish. When October 6 happened or whenever anything, have sent me notes that said, \"We're with you\", \"We stand with you\", \"Don't worry, we're here.\" Which to me was very heartwarming.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=3064.0,3092.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/231","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Is there anything else you would like to say about . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=3092.0,3099.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/232","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SAUL: I'm just honored that I’m getting that award. I've been lucky, Hadassah gave me the Myrtle Wreath Award and my sisterhood just honored me for being an active 75 year old member. The reason all of this is wonderful is here I am going to be 96 years old, married 75 years in January, and I'm still active and doing the things that I love and being with people that I admire and love. I just love all the friends that I have met and hopefully have kept.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=3099.0,3134.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/233","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: I do have one final question, something we have not discussed that's close to both of us, and that's the oral history project.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=3134.0,3141.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/234","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SAUL: Right. I was on the original committee and I'm still on it. I think it's one of the greatest things the community has ever done because we have so many interesting stories and mine is not one of them because I haven't really worked that hard and done anything. But it is just wonderful to hear the stories of our fellow Georgians.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=3141.0,3169.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/235","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: I think your story was very interesting and I, for one, want to thank you because we worked together for so many years when I was the archivist.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=3169.0,3177.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/236","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SAUL: You owe me a book.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=3177.0,3179.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/237","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: I do, I should have brought you one.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=3179.0,3180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/238","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SAUL: I wanted to remind you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=3180.0,3183.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/239","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: I'll bring one and leave it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=3183.0,3184.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/240","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SAUL: I'll pay for it! One thing else I wanted to add, and this is nothing to do with anything, my brother and I, we used to ride the bus everywhere we went. We were little and we went to a piano lesson downtown near the Loew's Grand, and as we were crossing the street . . . I don't know if that's in my other thing or not. My brother was hit by a car. It was Mayor Hartsfield chauffeur and Mayor Hartsfield was in the back seat. We went to our piano lessons, we didn't tell when we got home, we didn't say a word. When we got to eating dinner, the doorbell rings and here comes the Mayor, my daddy got scared, what did he do? He says, \"We just want you to know my chauffeur hit your son today.\" My daddy looked at both of us and he said, \"They didn't mention it.\" The Mayor said, \"If there's anything wrong, I'd be willing to pay for it.\" Donny and I, my brother Donald Diamond, we were sitting there. We were scared to death and that was it. The Mayor left and my father turns to my brother and goes [Virginia mimics spanking] not just on this tokhes, and he says, \"Why didn't you all tell us what happened? Why weren't you watching when you crossed the street?\" We said, \"We were watching, but we didn't see the car.\" The Mayor called my daddy three months later and he said, \"We're putting in a 25 mile speed limit downtown Atlanta.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=3184.0,3283.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/241","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Wow. That is a great story. I don't think you'd mentioned it in the past interview, thank you. Thank you, Virginia.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=3283.0,3292.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/242","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SAUL: Thank you for doing this.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=3292.0,3293.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/transcript/71763/annotation/243","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: This is really fun.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=3293.0,3295.108"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/annotation_set/1666","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Annotations [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/annotation_set/1666/annotation/244","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum in Atlanta celebrates and commemorates Jewish history, culture, and art through events and museum spaces. The Breman also contains the Cuba Family Archives for Southern Jewish History, which houses thousands of manuscripts, oral histories, and photograph collections, related to southern Jewish history and the Holocaust.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=2.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/annotation_set/1666/annotation/245","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBeth Jacob is an Orthodox synagogue on LaVista Road in Atlanta founded in 1942 by former members of Ahavath Achim who were looking for a more Orthodox congregation. Beth Jacob is now Atlanta’s largest Orthodox congregation. The congregation first met in a rented grocery store on Parkway Drive. It moved to a permanent location on Boulevard when it purchased and renovated a two-story apartment building. In 1956, it converted the Tabernacle Baptist Church on Boulevard to a synagogue. It built its current synagogue building on a five-acre lot on LaVista Road in 1961. Rabbi Joseph Safra was the congregation’s first permanent rabbi in 1951, followed by Rabbi Emanuel Feldman from 1952 to 1991. Rabbi Ilan Feldman has been the congregation’s Senior Rabbi since his father Emanuel’s retirement in 1991.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=2.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/annotation_set/1666/annotation/246","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFounded in 1904, Congregation Shearith Israel began as a congregation that met in the homes of congregants until 1906 when they began using a Methodist church on Hunter Street. After World War II, Rabbi Tobias Geffen moved the congregation to University Drive, where it became the first synagogue in DeKalb County. In the 1960s, they removed the barrier between the men’s and women’s sections in the sanctuary, and officially became affiliated with the Conservative movement in 2002. As of 2022, the current Senior Rabbi of the congregation is Ari Kaiman.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=61.0,75.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/annotation_set/1666/annotation/247","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCongregation Or VeShalom was established in Atlanta, Georgia by refugees of the Ottoman Empire, namely from Turkey and the Isle of Rhodes. The Sephardic congregation began in 1920 and was based at Central and Woodward Avenues until 1948 when it moved to a larger building on North Highland Road. Or VeShalom’s current synagogue is located on North Druid Hills Road. As of 2022, the congregation’s rabbi is Josh Hearshen.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=61.0,75.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/annotation_set/1666/annotation/248","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAhavath Achim Synagogue (often referred to as \"AA\") was founded as an Orthodox congregation in 1887 in a small room on Gilmer Street. In 1901 they moved to a permanent building at the corner of Piedmont Avenue and Gilmer Street. In 1921, the congregation constructed a synagogue at Washington Street and Woodward Avenue. It joined the Conservative movement in 1952. The final service in the Washington Street building was held in 1958 to make way for construction of the Downtown Connector (the concurrent section of Interstate 75 and Interstate 85 through Atlanta). The synagogue moved to its current location on Peachtree Battle Avenue in 1958. As of 2022, Ahavath Achim is the largest Conservative synagogue in the Atlanta area and its current Senior Rabbi is Laurence Rosenthal.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=61.0,75.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/annotation_set/1666/annotation/249","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOrthodox Judaism is a traditional branch of Judaism that strictly follows the written Torah and the oral law concerning prayer, dress, food, sex, family relations, social behavior, the Sabbath day, holidays, and more.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=61.0,75.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/annotation_set/1666/annotation/250","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAlso known as Masorti Judaism, Conservative Judaism is a form of Judaism that seeks to preserve Jewish tradition and ritual, but has a more flexible approach to the interpretation of the law than Orthodox Judaism. It attempts to combine a positive attitude toward modern culture, while preserving a commitment to Jewish observance. In general, Conservative congregations also observe gender equality (mixed seating, women rabbis, and bat mitzvah). The governing body for Conservative Judaism in the United States is the United Synagogue of Conservative Judaism (USCJ), formerly known as the United Synagogue of America.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=75.0,104.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/annotation_set/1666/annotation/251","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEmanuel Feldman (b. 1927) is an Orthodox rabbi and Rabbi Emeritus of Congregation Beth Jacob of Atlanta, Georgia. During his nearly 40 years at Beth Jacob beginning in 1952, he nurtured the growth of Atlanta’s Orthodox community from a city with two small Orthodox synagogues to a community large enough to support Jewish day schools, yeshivas, girls’ schools, and a kollel. He is a past vice-president of the Rabbinical Council of America and former editor of Tradition: The Journal of Orthodox Jewish Thought published by the RCA.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=75.0,104.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/annotation_set/1666/annotation/252","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eKashrut is a set of dietary laws dealing with the foods that Jews are permitted to eat and how those foods must be prepared according to Jewish law. Food that may be consumed is deemed kosher, from the Ashkenazi pronunciation of the Hebrew term kashér, meaning \"fit\" (in this context, \"fit for consumption\"). In colloquial English, kosher often means \"legitimate,\" \"acceptable,\" \"permissible,\" \"genuine,\" or \"authentic.\"\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=75.0,104.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/annotation_set/1666/annotation/253","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eZelma Kramer Stern (1882-1971) was a member of Ahavath Achim Synagogue and Congregation Beth Jacob. She was born in Hungary and moved to the United States with her husband Henry Stern. They had six children and five grandchildren.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=107.0,111.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/annotation_set/1666/annotation/254","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHenry Stern (1877-1948) was a merchant and member of Ahavath Achim Synagogue and Congregation Beth Jacob. He was born in Hungary and moved to the United States with his wife Zelma. They had six children and five grandchildren.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=107.0,111.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/annotation_set/1666/annotation/255","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTefillin, also called “phylacteries,” are a set of small black leather boxes containing scrolls of parchment inscribed with verses from the Torah, which are worn by observant Jews during weekday morning prayers. They are worn around the arm, hand and fingers and on the forehead in a process called lehani’ach tefillin [Hebrew: bind tefillin]. The Torah commands that they should be worn as a “sign” and “remembrance” that G-d brought the children of Israel out of Egypt.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=137.0,176.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/annotation_set/1666/annotation/256","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCongregation B'nai Torah is a Conservative synagogue located in Sandy Springs, Georgia. It was founded in 1981 by young unaffiliated Jews who met in the Hillel facilities of Emory University on the High Holy Days. In 2004 they became affiliated with the Conservative movement. As of 2022, its Senior Rabbi is Joshua Z. Heller.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=137.0,176.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/annotation_set/1666/annotation/257","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBenjamin Diamond (1895-1982) was a member of Ahavath Achim Synagogue. He was born to Miriam and Morris Diamond and had a sister and three brothers, Shea, Eugene, and Davis. He was married to Theresa Stern, and they had two children, Virginia and Donald.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=182.0,203.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/annotation_set/1666/annotation/258","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRabbi Harry Hyman Epstein (1903-2003) served as rabbi of Ahavath Achim Synagogue in Atlanta, Georgia from 1928 to 1982, when he became rabbi emeritus. Under Rabbi Epstein, the formerly Orthodox congregation began to shift to Conservative Judaism, and officially joined the United Synagogue of America (now the United Synagogue of Conservative Judaism), in 1952.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=182.0,203.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/annotation_set/1666/annotation/259","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRenana Epstein Lavin (1930-2018) was born to Rabbi Harry Epstein and Reva Chashesman Epstein. She graduated from Girl’s High School and the University of Chicago. She was married to Bennet Lavin. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=182.0,203.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/annotation_set/1666/annotation/260","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAnita Schwartzman Odrezin Karnibad (b. 1929) is the daughter of Cantor Joseph and Sarah Schwartzman. She went to Girl’s High School and graduated from the University of Georgia. She has been involved in various community organizations including Hadassah and the Jewish Educational Alliance. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=182.0,203.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/annotation_set/1666/annotation/261","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCantor Joseph Schwartzman (1902-1969) joined the clergy at Ahavath Achim in Atlanta in 1940 where he served until his retirement in 1966. Cantor Schwartman’s career began at the age of eight when he sang as soloist in the male synagogue choir of Bender, Bessarabia, Russia. By the age of 17 he was officiating High Holy Day services. He began his American career in Hartford Connecticut, but later worked at synagogues in New York in Brooklyn and the Bronx, and in Pennsylvania in Philadelphia and Pittsburgh. He came to the attention of Hyman Jacobs of Atlanta in 1940 at a Zionist Organization of America convention in Pittsburgh. He was eventually engaged to come to the Ahavath Achim.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=182.0,203.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/annotation_set/1666/annotation/262","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eShul is a Yiddish word for synagogue that is derived from a German word meaning “school,” and emphasizes the synagogue's role as a place of study.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=212.0,276.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/annotation_set/1666/annotation/263","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHadassah, the Women’s Zionist Organization of America, is a volunteer service organization founded in 1912 by Henrietta Szold. It currently has over 300,000 members and supporters worldwide.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=212.0,276.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/annotation_set/1666/annotation/264","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eReva (Rebecca) Chashesman Epstein (1905-2001) was the well-educated daughter of an Orthodox rabbi. She was born in Poland, raised in Russia, and her family immigrated to Chicago, Illinois from Poland after World War I. She earned degrees from the University of Chicago and Sorbonne University in Paris, France. In 1929, she married Rabbi Harry Epstein, and they moved to Atlanta where Rabbi Epstein was the leader of Ahavath Achim Synagogue. In Atlanta, she became a regional education chairman for Hadassah and founded a women's study group at the synagogue. Reva and Harry had two daughters, Renana Lavin and Davida Weiss. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=212.0,276.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/annotation_set/1666/annotation/265","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Temple, or “Hebrew Benevolent Congregation,” is Atlanta’s oldest Jewish congregation. The cornerstone was laid on the Temple on Garnett Street in 1875. The dedication was held in 1877, and the Temple was located there until 1902. The Temple’s next location on Pryor Street was dedicated in 1902. The Temple’s current location in Midtown on Peachtree Street was dedicated in 1931. The main sanctuary is on the National Register of Historic Places. The Reform congregation now totals approximately 1500 families. As of 2022, its Senior Rabbi is Peter S. Berg.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=291.0,319.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/annotation_set/1666/annotation/266","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe American Civil Rights Movement encompasses social movements in the United States whose goal was to end racial segregation and discrimination against Black Americans and enforce constitutional voting rights to them. The movement was characterized by major campaigns of civil resistance. Between 1955 and 1968, acts of nonviolent protest and civil disobedience produced crisis situations between activists and government authorities. Noted legislative achievements during this phase of the Civil Rights Movement were passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the Voting Rights Act of 1965, the Immigration and Nationality Services Act of 1965, and the Fair Housing Act of 1968.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=291.0,319.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/annotation_set/1666/annotation/267","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRabbi Jacob Mortimer \"Jack\" Rothschild (1911-1973) served as rabbi of Atlanta’s oldest Reform congregation, the Temple, from 1946 until his death in 1973 from a heart attack. A native of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, he forged close relationships with the city’s Christian clergy and distinguished himself as a charismatic spokesperson for civil rights.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=320.0,333.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/annotation_set/1666/annotation/268","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFulton Bag and Cotton Mills is a formerly operating mill complex located in the Cabbagetown neighborhood of Atlanta. The beginnings of the company can be traced to 1868, when Jacob Elsas, an immigrant of German Jewish descent who had recently arrived in Atlanta from Cincinnati, began work in the rag, paper, and hide business. Elsas soon recognized the need for cloth and paper containers for their goods. Within two or three years Elsas had switched to manufacturing cloth and paper bags and joined forces with fellow German Jewish immigrant Isaac May. Construction of the complex began in 1881 on the south side of the Georgia Railroad line, east of downtown Atlanta. The site is now apartments and condominiums.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=343.0,355.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/annotation_set/1666/annotation/269","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJohn F. Faith Elementary School was an elementary school that opened in 1922 and closed in the 1970’s in East Atlanta. The building became Tech High School which also eventually closed.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=360.0,418.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/annotation_set/1666/annotation/270","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCabbagetown is an intown neighborhood on the east side of Atlanta, Georgia. It includes the Cabbagetown District, a historic district listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places. Cabbagetown was built as the surrounding mill town to the Fulton Bag and Cotton Mill, one of the first textile processing mills built in the South. The mill was owned and operated by Jacob Elsas, a German Jewish immigrant. Its workforce consisted of poor whites recruited from the Appalachian region of north Georgia. Elsas built a small community of one and two-story shotgun houses and cottage-style houses surrounding the mill, originally known as Factory Town or Fulton Mill Village. The mill closed in 1977. While the mill itself was named to the National Register of Historic Places in 1976, the surrounding neighborhood went into a steep decline following the mill closure. In the 1990’s, Cabbagetown underwent tremendous growth as part of Atlanta's intown renaissance, and the mill was renovated as the Fulton Cotton Mill Lofts.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=418.0,420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/annotation_set/1666/annotation/271","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJames L. Key Elementary School was located at Ormond Street and Capital Avenue in Atlanta, Georgia and was in existence from at least the 1940’s through the 1960’s.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=451.0,481.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/annotation_set/1666/annotation/272","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBorn in Wurttemberg, Germany, dry goods retailer Jacob Elsas, a Union Army veteran, arrived in Atlanta in 1868 from Cincinnati, Ohio. Elsas founded the Fulton Bag and Cotton Mills in 1881 and the surrounding neighborhood, Cabbagetown, then called Factory Town, was built around the mill. Members of the Elsas family assumed management roles in Atlanta as well as in the other locations of the company. After his retirement at age 70, Jacob turned over the Presidency of the firm to his son Oscar in 1914. The business remained in the family, led by Jacob’s descendants until the mill closed in 1977.  Jacob Elsas played an instrumental role in the founding of the Georgia Institute of Technology. He became one of the early customers of the Georgia Tech shops, and he enrolled his son Oscar at the school for two years. Other family members, including Jacob's grandson William, also attended Georgia Tech. Elsas' activities also extended to philanthropy, particularly in the support of the Grand Opera House in Macon, the Hebrew Orphan's Home, and Grady Hospital in Atlanta. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=536.0,537.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/annotation_set/1666/annotation/273","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEdith Levy Elsas (1914-2010) was born to Albert and Tessie Lev in New York. She graduated from Wellesley College, and she married Herbert R. Elsas during her senior year, while he was a law student at Harvard University. They returned to Herbert’s hometown of Atlanta where they raised two sons. Edith was instrumental in the founding of the original Lovett School and Fritz Orr Camp. She pioneered the development of the Atlanta Symphony, the High Museum of Art, Atlanta YMCA, the Temple, the National Council for Jewish Women, the Westminster Schools, the Atlanta History Center, the Atlanta Botanical Garden, and the Breman Heritage Museum. At Emory University, she established the Albert E. Levy Faculty Research Award and the Herbert R. Elsas Reading Room in the Law Library in memory of her father and husband, respectively. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=537.0,566.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/annotation_set/1666/annotation/274","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHerbert Rothschild Elsas (1910-1995) was a senior partner of the law firm of Sutherland, Asbill and Brennan. He graduated from Howard College and Harvard Law School. He married Edith Levy, and she helped manage his law practice while he served in World War II in the combat intelligence branch of the 8th Air Force in Europe from 1941 to 1945. His intelligence work earned him the Legion of Merit award. He was one of three lawyers who served as trustees of the Margaret Mitchell estate. He and Edith had two sons. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=537.0,566.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/annotation_set/1666/annotation/275","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThomas Joseph Asher (1936-2022) was born in Atlanta, Georgia and graduated from Cornell University. He was in the investment business. He was the great-grandson of Jacob Elsas, founder of the Fulton Bag and Cotton Mills. Tom Asher served as a president of the Rich Foundation.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=566.0,577.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/annotation_set/1666/annotation/276","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRegina Hurwitz Stern (1918-1983) was a teacher, counselor, and principal in Atlanta. She taught at James L. Key School, Hoke Smith High School, East Atlanta High School, Arlington High School, and was assistant principal at Therrell High School and principal at Beecher Hills Elementary School. She was a member of Ahavath Achim Synagogue and active in its sisterhood.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=617.0,645.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/annotation_set/1666/annotation/277","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJewish Federation of Greater Atlanta is a regional branch of Jewish Federations of North America. It is an organization that focuses on serving the Atlanta Jewish community through philanthropic endeavors such as supporting infrastructure, including schools and synagogues. Federation supports the Jewish community but also welcomes people of various backgrounds, including interfaith, LGBT+, and multiracial people and families.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=617.0,645.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/annotation_set/1666/annotation/278","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLaurel Weinberg Weiner (1928-1996) was an Atlanta resident and former national vice president of Hadassah. She was a native of Brooklyn, New York and attended the University of Georgia. She devoted most of her spare time to volunteer work for civic organizations and the cause of Zionism. She was a delegate to three World Zionist Congresses and a leader in many national, regional and local Jewish groups. She was on the board of the Atlanta Community Council and the Community Planning Council. She was also a former president of the Southeast Region of Hadassah.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=645.0,650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/annotation_set/1666/annotation/279","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Atlanta Biltmore Hotel on West Peachtree Street in Atlanta opened in 1924. The 11-story hotel and the 10-story apartment buildings were located in Midtown. There were towering radio masks on each end of the building, with vertical illuminated letters on them that spell out “BILTMORE.” In 1967 it was sold to Sheraton Hotels and became the Sheraton-Biltmore Hotel. The building has now been renovated and turned into office space and condominiums and is still called the “Biltmore.”\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=657.0,736.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/annotation_set/1666/annotation/280","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA Sisterhood is a group of women in a synagogue congregation who join together to offer social, cultural, educational, and volunteer service opportunities. Its male counterpart is called either a \"Brotherhood\" or a \"Men's Club.\"\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=657.0,736.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/annotation_set/1666/annotation/281","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMilton Saul (b. 1925) is a member of Ahavath Achim Synagogue and businessman from Atlanta, Georgia. His father fled Lithuania and settled in Atlanta, where he began Saul’s Department Store in Marietta. During World War II, Saul served in the U.S. Navy. Following the war, he helped with his family’s business and later went into business importing goods. Saul married Virginia Diamond, and they had three children. The Saul family has been active in Ahavath Achim Synagogue, Atlanta Jewish Community Center, Atlanta Jewish Federation, B’nai B’rith Women, and Hillel.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=657.0,736.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/annotation_set/1666/annotation/282","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eZionism is a movement which supports a Jewish national state in the territory defined as the Land of Israel. Although Zionism existed before the nineteenth century, in the 1890s Theodor Herzl popularized it and gave it a new urgency, as he believed that Jewish life in Europe was threatened, and a State of Israel was needed. The State of Israel was established in 1948, and Zionism today is expressed as support for the continued existence of Israel.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=753.0,828.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/annotation_set/1666/annotation/283","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRuth Kruger Singer (1918-2004) was born in Sales City, Georgia and grew up in Fitzgerald, Georgia. She was a founding member of The Breman Jewish Heritage Museum. She was also a founder of Atlanta’s The Epstein School and active in the Atlanta Jewish community, volunteering at Ahavath Achim synagogue and the Atlanta Jewish Federation.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=753.0,828.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/annotation_set/1666/annotation/284","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWorld War I, also called First World War or Great War, was an international conflict from 1914 to 1918 that embroiled most of the nations of Europe along with Russia, the United States, the Middle East, and other regions. The war pitted the Central Powers—mainly Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Turkey—against the Allies—mainly France, Great Britain, Russia, Italy, Japan, and, from 1917, the United States. It ended with the defeat of the Central Powers.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=858.0,896.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/annotation_set/1666/annotation/285","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAustria-Hungary, often referred to as the Austro-Hungarian Empire or the Dual Monarchy, was a multi-national constitutional monarchy in Central Europe ruled by the Habsburg monarchy between 1867 and 1918. At one time, it included what is modern-day Austria and Hungary, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and parts of Poland, Czech Republic and Romania. After its defeat in World War I and revolutions in various former territories, it was split into separate entities. Austria and Hungary remained, but the rest of its territory was divided amongst Yugoslavia, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Italy and Romania.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=858.0,896.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/annotation_set/1666/annotation/286","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe International Committee of the Red Cross (“Red Cross”) is a humanitarian institution based in Geneva, Switzerland. At the end of World War II, the Red Cross worked with national Red Cross societies to organize relief assistance to those countries most severely affected by the war and set up a registration and tracing service for missing persons.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=858.0,896.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/annotation_set/1666/annotation/287","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCordell Hull (1871-1955) was an American politician from Tennessee and the longest-serving U.S. Secretary of State, holding the position for 11 years from 1933 to 1944 in the administration of President Franklin Delano Roosevelt during most of World War II. Before that appointment, Hull represented Tennessee for two years in the United States Senate and 22 years in the House of Representatives. Hull received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1945 for his role in establishing the United Nations and was referred to by President Roosevelt as the \"Father of the United Nations\".\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=900.0,947.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/annotation_set/1666/annotation/288","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWorld War II (abbreviated WWII or WW2) was a global war involving fighting in most of the world and most countries. Most countries fought in the years 1939–1945 but some started fighting in 1937. Most of the world's countries, including all the great powers, fought as part of two military alliances: the Allies and the Axis Powers. World War II was the largest and deadliest conflict in all of history. It involved more countries, cost more money, involved more people, and killed more people than any other war in history. Between 50 to 85 million people died. The majority were civilians. It included massacres, the deliberate genocide of the Holocaust, strategic bombing, starvation, disease, and the only use of nuclear weapons against civilians in history.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=900.0,947.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/annotation_set/1666/annotation/289","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRefers to the Holocaust, which was the systematic, government-sponsored attempt by the German Nazi government to annihilate the Jews of Europe between 1939 and 1945, which resulted in the deaths of 6,000,000 Jews.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=947.0,961.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/annotation_set/1666/annotation/290","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRefers to the armed conflict between Israel and Hamas, a Palestinian militant group, that has been taking place mainly in and around Gaza since October 7, 2023. On October 7, 2023 Hamas militants launched a surprise attack on southern Israel from the Gaza Strip. The attacks began early on Saturday with a barrage of at least 3,000 rockets launched against Israel. Hamas fighters breached the Gaza–Israel barrier, attacking military bases and massacring civilians in Israeli communities, including in Be'eri, Kfar Aza, and Nir Oz, and at the Nova music festival. The attackers killed 1,139 people: 695 Israeli civilians, 71 foreign nationals, and 373 members of the security forces. About 250 Israeli civilians and soldiers were taken as hostages to the Gaza Strip, including 30 children, with the stated goal to force Israel to release Palestinian prisoners. There are numerous reports of rape and sexual assault by Hamas fighters. After clearing Hamas militants from its territory, the Israeli military responded with extensive aerial bombardment of the Gaza Strip followed by a large-scale ground invasion beginning on 27 October. Since the start of the Israeli operation, an estimated 32,000 Palestinians in Gaza have been killed. Several thousand more are missing and presumed trapped under rubble. Israel's blockade, which cut off food, clean water, medicine, fuel, electricity and communications, has led to a humanitarian crisis in the Gaza Strip and the collapse of healthcare. More than 100 Israeli hostages remain in captivity. Clashes have also occurred in the Israeli-occupied West Bank and with Hezbollah along the Israel–Lebanon border. The fifth war of the Gaza–Israel conflict since 2008, it is part of the broader Israeli–Palestinian conflict.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=961.0,1001.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/annotation_set/1666/annotation/291","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe West Bank is the larger of the two Palestinian territories, the other being the Gaza Strip. It is landlocked territory near the coast of the Mediterranean Sea in the Levant region of West Asia, it is bordered by Jordan and the Dead Sea to the east and by Israel to the south, west, and north. The territory first emerged in the wake of the 1948 Arab-Israeli War as a region controlled and subsequently annexed by Jordan. Jordan ruled the territory until the 1967 Six-Day War, when it was captured by Israel. Since then, Israel has administered the West Bank as the Judea and Samaria Area, expanding into East Jerusalem in 1980. The West Bank remains central to the Israeli–Palestinian conflict.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=961.0,1001.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/annotation_set/1666/annotation/292","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRefers to Pro-Palestinian protests on university campuses that escalated in April 2024, spreading in the United States and other countries, as part of wider Israel–Hamas war protests. The escalation began after mass arrests at the Columbia University campus occupation, led by anti-Zionist groups, in which protesters demanded the university's disinvestment from Israel over its alleged genocide of Palestinians. In the U.S. over 2,950 protesters have been arrested, including faculty members and professors on over 60 campuses. Universities have suspended and expelled student protesters, in some cases evicting them from campus housing. Some universities have relied on police to forcibly disband encampments and end occupations of buildings, others made agreements with protesters for encampments to be dismantled, and a number of universities have cut ties with Israeli institutions, or companies involved with Israel and its occupied territories. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=1011.0,1067.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/annotation_set/1666/annotation/293","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePalestine is an area in the eastern Mediterranean region. Today, the region is made up of modern Israel and the Palestinian territories of the Gaza Strip and the West Bank. Beginning in 1920, Great Britain ruled Palestine under a mandate created by the League of Nations. The British were to facilitate the establishment of a modern Jewish homeland. In April 1947, the U.N. General Assembly set up the Special Committee on Palestine (UNSCOP). This committee recommended that the British mandate over Palestine be ended and that the territory be partitioned into two states. On November 29, 1947, the U.N. General Assembly passed the partition plan.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=1011.0,1067.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/annotation_set/1666/annotation/294","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA vast network of underground tunnels used for smuggling and warfare exists in the Gaza Strip. This infrastructure runs throughout the Gaza Strip and towards Egypt and Israel, and has been developed by Hamas and other Palestinian military organizations to facilitate the storing and shielding of weapons; the gathering and moving of fighters, including for training and communication purposes; the launching of attacks against Israel; and the transportation of Israeli hostages. On several occasions, Palestinian militants have also used this tunnel network to infiltrate Israel and Egypt while masking their presence and activities within the Gaza Strip itself. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=1011.0,1067.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/annotation_set/1666/annotation/295","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Israeli Intelligence Community is made up of Aman (military intelligence), Mossad (overseas intelligence), and Shin Bet (internal security). Shin Bet is responsible for monitoring threats within Israel, while Mossad is responsible for foreign security threats.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=1011.0,1067.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/annotation_set/1666/annotation/296","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Institute for Intelligence and Special Operations, popularly known as Mossad, is the national intelligence agency of the State of Israel. It is one of the main entities in the Israeli Intelligence Community, along with Aman (military intelligence) and Shin Bet (internal security). Mossad is responsible for intelligence collection, covert operations, and counter-terrorism. Its director answers directly and only to the Prime Minister. It employs around 7,000 people, making it one of the world's largest espionage agencies. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=1011.0,1067.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/annotation_set/1666/annotation/297","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBenjamin “Bibi” Netanyahu (b. 1949) is an Israeli politician and current prime minister (2022) of Israel. He previously served as prime minister from 1996-1999 and 2009-2021. He is the chair of the Likud political party and the long-serving prime minister in Israel’s history. Netanyahu was born in Israel and was raised in West Jerusalem and the United States. He attended the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and served in the Israel Defense Force. He served as Israel’s ambassador to the United Nations from 1984-1988 and was elected chair of the Likud party in 1993.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=1091.0,1133.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/annotation_set/1666/annotation/298","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRella Sloman Solski (sometimes spelled \"Solsky\") (1928-2021) was born in Kovno, Lithuania. Just outside the city, her family owned a mill. Lithuania was occupied by the Russians in 1939 and then the Germans in 1941. When the Germans began their occupation, Rella and her family were moved into the Kovno ghetto where they stayed until 1944. In that year, the ghetto was evacuated, with most of the inhabitants were sent to one of two camps: Dachau or Stutthof. Rella and her family hid in a cellar until they were discovered. Rella and her mother were sent to Stutthof. Her father perished in the Holocaust. Rella and her mother survived work details in Stutthof and were later transferred to Thorn concentration camp. She survived the camps with her mother’s help and was taken to a hospital in Munich after liberation to be treated for tuberculosis. She went on to recuperate in Switzerland before she returned to Germany and married her husband, Bernard. Eventually, Rella and Bernard were allowed to move to the United States. They first came to New York before settling in Atlanta with relatives. There, they started a family together, eventually having three children. NOTE: at some point, the family's name was changed from Solski to Saul.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=1157.0,1162.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/annotation_set/1666/annotation/299","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe term “concentration camp” refers to a camp in which people are detained or confined, usually under harsh conditions and without regard to legal norms of arrest and imprisonment that are acceptable in a constitutional democracy. In Nazi Germany between 1933 and 1945, concentration camps (Konzentrationslager; briefly “KL” or “KZ”) were an integral feature of the regime. The Nazis differentiated between concentration camps, which were used to contain slave laborers and prisoners of the Nazi state, and extermination camps, whose primary purpose was the systematic killing of prisoners. Shortly after coming to power in 1933, the Nazis began to set up a series of concentration camps across Germany. Those were mostly local initiatives: facilities that the SA, SS, and police established on an ad hoc basis, where they would detain and abuse real and imagined enemies of the regime. By 1934, there were over 100 of these early camps in operation. When the Nazi regime came to power, they systematically persecuted both Jewish and non-Jewish Germans perceived to be opponents of the regime. Political opponents (Communists, Social Democrats, liberals) were some of the first victims housed in “temporary” detention centers like Lichtenburg. Jews, homosexuals, Freemasons, Jehovah's Witnesses, clergy who opposed the Nazis, and any others whose behavior—real or perceived—could be interpreted as being in opposition to Nazi political and racial ideologies were also persecuted and incarcerated. The Nazi regime refused to tolerate criticism, dissent, or nonconformity from the German people. Non-Jewish German political activists were treated harshly but other political opponents remained potentially valuable members of the German race. The goal behind their internment in and subsequent release from concentration camps was often a kind of reeducation that would see them fall into line with the regime’s political and racial ideologies. Between 1933 and 1939, tens of thousands of Germans were sentenced by the criminal courts. If authorities were confident of a conviction in court, the prisoner was turned over to the justice system for trial. If the outcome of criminal proceedings were unsatisfactory, the acquitted citizen or the citizen who was sentenced to a suspended sentence would still be taken into “protective detention” and incarcerated in a concentration camp. The first concentration camps were established in 1933. Various authorities set up the makeshift “camps” in empty warehouses, factories, and other locations. Camps were established in Oranienburg, north of Berlin; Esterwegen, near Hamburg; Dachau, northwest of Munich; and Lichtenburg, in Saxony. By the end of July 1933, almost 27,000 people were housed in these camps. Most of the prisoners were political opponents of the Nazi regime. By the end of 1934, most of these early camps were disbanded and replaced by a centrally organized concentration camp system under the exclusive jurisdiction of the SS.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=1162.0,1174.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/annotation_set/1666/annotation/300","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSolomon “Sol” Isaac Yudelson (1896-1987) was an Atlanta businessman who immigrated from Janova, Lithuania (then part of the Russian Empire) in 1904. He was the owner of Edward’s Shoe Store in Atlanta.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=1162.0,1174.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/annotation_set/1666/annotation/301","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHarold Yudelson (1923-2016) was born in Atlanta to the late Sol and Anne Spielberger Yudelson. He was a graduate of Boys High School and attended The Wharton School of Business at the University of Pennsylvania. His education was interrupted when he was drafted into World War II. Harold Yudelson served as a Lieutenant and was wounded in battle in Germany during the last days of the war and awarded the Purple Heart. After the war, he returned to finish his studies at Penn where he met his wife, Jane Betty Zion Yudelson. He served as the Chair of the Board of the Wren's Nest, and as President of Atlanta ORT, and was actively involved in several other civic organizations over the years.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=1174.0,1180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/annotation_set/1666/annotation/302","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAnne Spielberger Yudelson (1901-1996) was a member of Ahavath Achim Synagogue and its sisterhood. She was also a life member of the National Council of Jewish Women, Hadassah, Brandeis, and a member of ORT. She was married to Sol Yudelson, and they had five children. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=1180.0,1224.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/annotation_set/1666/annotation/303","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHarriet Morse Zimmerman (1930-2017) was involved in the Aspen, Atlanta, and Palm Beach Jewish communities, serving in various leadership positions. She was born and raised in Brookline, Massachusetts, and graduated from Boston University with a bachelor’s and master’s degree in religion. She was accepted to the Harvard Divinity School's Doctoral Program in Old Testament Studies. She held leadership positions with the United Jewish Appeal, the American Israel Public Affairs Committee, the American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee, and the Washington Institute for Near East Policy. In Atlanta, she was involved with President Carter’s campaign and Democratic politics. She was Chairman of the National Jewish Democratic Presidential Campaign and after Carter's win, was appointed to the National Endowment of the Humanities. She was on the Board of the Center for Strategic and International Studies at Georgetown University, the Board of the Democratic Leadership Council and, in 1992 was appointed by President Clinton to the Board of the United States Institute of Peace. She was married to Jerome Zimmerman, and they had three children and three stepchildren.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=1180.0,1224.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/annotation_set/1666/annotation/304","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWinder is a city in Barrow County, Georgia. It is located east of Atlanta and is part of the Atlanta metropolitan area. The Georgia General Assembly incorporated Winder in 1893. The community was named after John H. Winder, a railroad builder.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=1289.0,1308.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/annotation_set/1666/annotation/305","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMarietta is a city located in central Cobb County, Georgia, northwest of Atlanta. Homes were built by early settlers near the Cherokee town of Big Shanty (now Kennesaw) before 1824. The Georgia General Assembly legally recognized the community in 1834. During the American Civil War, General William Tecumseh Sherman invaded the town during the Atlanta Campaign in summer 1864. General Hugh Kilpatrick set the town ablaze, the first strike in Sherman's March to the Sea. On August 17, 1915, Leo Frank was lynched in Marietta by an antisemitic mob that abducted him from prison. Frank was serving a life sentence for the murder of one of his factory workers, 13-year-old Mary Phagan. After a highly sensationalized trial, during which he was sentenced to death, his sentence was commuted to life imprisonment. In reaction to his lynching, Jewish activists created the Anti-Defamation League, to work to educate Americans about Jewish life and culture and to prevent antisemitism.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=1289.0,1308.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/annotation_set/1666/annotation/306","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCartersville is a city in Bartow County, Georgia, located within the northwest edge of the Atlanta metropolitan area. Cartersville, originally known as Birmingham, was founded by English-Americans in 1832. The town was incorporated as Cartersville in 1854. Cartersville was designated the seat of Bartow County in 1867 following the destruction of Cassville by Sherman's March to the Sea in the American Civil War. Cartersville was incorporated as a city in 1872. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=1312.0,1323.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/annotation_set/1666/annotation/307","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMacon, Georgia is located in central Georgia. It is officially known as Macon-Bibb County, a consolidated city-county. The city was settled on what was originally the site of the Ocmulgee Old Fields, where the Creek Indian lived in the 18th century. In 1809, Fort Benjamin Hawkins was built on what would officially become Macon in 1823. During the Civil War, the city was spared by Union General William Tecumseh Sherman on his march to sea.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=1312.0,1323.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/annotation_set/1666/annotation/308","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLaGrange is a city in and the county seat of Troup County, Georgia. It is about 60 miles southwest of Atlanta and located in the foothills of the Georgia Piedmont. LaGrange is home to LaGrange College, the oldest private college in the state. Started as a girls' academy, it has been affiliated since the late 19th century with the Methodist Church, and what is now the North Georgia Conference of the United Methodist Church. The city's proximity to West Point Lake, a few miles to the west, helps attract bass fishermen and water sports enthusiasts to the city. The Troup County Courthouse, Annex, and Jail, built in 1939, is one of LaGrange's properties that is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=1312.0,1323.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/annotation_set/1666/annotation/309","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGainesville is a city and the county seat of Hall County, Georgia, United States. Gainesville has a large number of poultry processing plants and it has been called the \"Poultry Capital of the World.\" Gainesville is included in the Atlanta–Sandy Springs–Gainesville, Georgia Combined Statistical Area.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=1312.0,1323.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/annotation_set/1666/annotation/310","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRich's was a department store retail chain, headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia, which operated in the southern U.S. from 1867 until March 6, 2005 when the nameplate was eliminated and replaced by Macy's. It was founded by Hungarian Jewish immigrant Morris Rich (born Mauritius Reich) in Atlanta in 1867 as \"M. Rich \u0026amp; Co. Dry Goods\" Many of the former Rich's stores today form the core of Macy's Central, an Atlanta-based division of Macy's, Inc., which formerly operated as Federated Department Stores, Inc.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=1325.0,1343.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/annotation_set/1666/annotation/311","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBetty Cohen Goldstein (1929-2015) was a teacher and active member of Ahavath Achim Synagogue. She attended Girls’ High and served as regional president of Young Judea. She attended Indiana University for one year and graduated with a degree in Special Education from Georgia State University. She taught kindergarten at Ahavath Achim Preschool, which later became The Epstein School. She served as president of the Atlanta chapter of Hadassah and officer of the A.A. Synagogue Sisterhood. She married Leon Goldstein, and they had four children.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=1454.0,1493.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/annotation_set/1666/annotation/312","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJoyce Spielberger Levow (1929-2017) was born in Atlanta, Georgia to Ella and Abe Spielberger. She attended Girl's High School in Atlanta where she graduated in 1947 and was a National Merit Scholar. She attended the University of Indiana in Bloomington. She married Harold A. Levow in 1955, and they had four children. She was active in the Atlanta Jewish community and became the youngest President of the Atlanta chapter of Hadassah in the organization's history.  \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=1454.0,1493.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/annotation_set/1666/annotation/313","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Nobel Peace Prize is one of the five Nobel Prizes created by the Swedish industrialist, inventor, and armaments manufacturer Alfred Nobel, along with the prizes in Chemistry, Physics, Physiology or Medicine, and Literature.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=1454.0,1493.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/annotation_set/1666/annotation/314","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMartin Luther King, Jr. (1929-1968) is best known for his role as a leader in the Civil Rights Movement and the advancement of civil rights using nonviolent civil disobedience based on his Christian beliefs. A Baptist minister, King became a civil rights activist early in his career. He led the 1955 Montgomery Bus Boycott and helped found the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) in 1957, serving as its first president. With the SCLC, King led an unsuccessful struggle against segregation in Albany, Georgia, in 1962, and organized nonviolent protests in Birmingham, Alabama, that attracted national attention following television news coverage of the brutal police response. King also helped to organize the 1963 March on Washington, where he delivered his famous \"I Have a Dream\" speech. On October 14, 1964, King received the Nobel Peace Prize for combating racial inequality through nonviolence. In 1965, he and the SCLC helped to organize the Selma to Montgomery marches and the following year, he took the movement north to Chicago to work on segregated housing. King was assassinated on April 4, 1968 in Memphis, Tennessee. His death was followed by riots in many United States’ cities. King was posthumously awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom and the Congressional Gold Medal. Martin Luther King, Jr. Day was established as a holiday in numerous cities and states beginning in 1971, and as a United States federal holiday in 1986.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=1496.0,1510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/annotation_set/1666/annotation/315","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAfter Martin Luther King, Jr. won the 1964 Nobel Peace Prize, an interracial celebratory dinner planned in Atlanta was almost cancelled due to opposition in the still segregated city. According to former Atlanta Mayor Andrew Young, J. Paul Austin, the chairman and CEO of Coca-Cola, and then Atlanta Mayor Ivan Allen summoned key business leaders to a meeting. Austin and told them, “It is embarrassing for Coca-Cola to be located in a city that refuses to honor its Nobel Prize winner. We are an international business. The Coca-Cola Company does not need Atlanta. You all need to decide whether Atlanta needs the Coca-Cola Company.” Following the meeting, every ticket to the dinner was sold.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=1496.0,1510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/annotation_set/1666/annotation/316","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Dinkler Plaza Hotel, located on Forsyth Street in downtown Atlanta, Georgia, was the site of the historic banquet where the City of Atlanta honored civil rights leader Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. for receiving the Nobel Peace Prize in 1964. It was Atlanta's first biracial formal dinner. Originally named Hotel Ansley, it was built in 1913 by Edwin P. Ansley, who also developed Ansley Park in Atlanta, Georgia. The building was demolished in 1973.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=1496.0,1510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/annotation_set/1666/annotation/317","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Temple on Peachtree Street in Atlanta, Georgia was bombed in the early morning hours of October 12, 1958. About 50 sticks of dynamite were planted near the building and tore a huge hole in the wall. No one was injured in the bombing as it was during the night. Rabbi Jacob Rothschild was an outspoken advocate of civil rights and integration and friend of Martin Luther King Jr. Five men associated with the National States’ Rights Party, a white separatist group, were tried and acquitted in the bombing.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=1520.0,1524.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/annotation_set/1666/annotation/318","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWilliam Berry Hartsfield, Sr. (1890-1971), served as the 49th and 51st Mayor of Atlanta. His tenure extended from 1937 to 1941 and again from 1942 to 1962, making him the longest-serving mayor of his native Atlanta.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=1536.0,1549.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/annotation_set/1666/annotation/319","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJanice Oettinger Rothschild Blumberg (1924-2024), a native of Atlanta, Georgia, is an author of several books on Southern Jewish history. She is the widow of Rabbi Jacob M. Rothschild (1911-1973) and David M. Blumberg (1911-1989), both nationally prominent Jewish figures, and the great-granddaughter of Rabbi E.B.M. \"Alphabet\" Browne, the first rabbi of the Temple in Atlanta. In 1985, she published a book entitled One Voice: Rabbi Jacob M. Rothschild and the Troubled South.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=1549.0,1576.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/annotation_set/1666/annotation/320","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLeb’s Restaurant was owned by Charlie Lebedin and was at the corner of Forsyth and Luckie Streets, across from the popular Rialto Theater. Lebedin was a well-known segregationist, and Leb’s, like most downtown restaurants in hotels, did not allow Black customers. In the early 1960s, protestors including students from Atlanta College, began to hold repeated pickets and sit-ins, and Leb’s was a frequent target. After a series of civil rights protects that were met with increasing violence, Leb’s and the other downtown restaurants were finally integrated on July 23, 1964.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=1606.0,1609.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/annotation_set/1666/annotation/321","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCharles Lebedin (1901-1989), also referred to as Charles or Charlie Leb, was the owner of Leb’s Restaurant in downtown Atlanta. Leb’s Restaurant was located at the corner of Luckie and Forsyth Streets, across from the popular Rialto Theater. Demonstrations were held there during the Civil Rights Movement as the restaurant continued to be segregated. Lebedin also owned a second restaurant in Jacksonville, Florida, as well as the King’s Inn restaurant at the Atlanta Cabana Motel.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=1619.0,1621.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/annotation_set/1666/annotation/322","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFounded in 1912 by Juliette Gordon Lowe, Girl Scouts of the United States of America is a youth organization that aims to empower girls and help teach values such as honesty, fairness, courage, compassion, character, and citizenship through various activities. Membership is organized by grade level.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=1641.0,1690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/annotation_set/1666/annotation/323","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSavannah is the oldest city in the state of Georgia. It is a coastal city, separated from Charleston, South Carolina by the Savannah River. The city and the colony of Georgia was founded in 1733 when General James Oglethorpe and settlers arrived. During the Revolutionary War the city was the southernmost commercial port and during the Civil War it was the sixth most populous city in the Confederacy. City officials negotiated a peaceful surrender of the city in 1864, saving the city from destruction by General Sherman’s army. The city is known for its historic district with its 22 parklike squares, which was based on a design known as the Oglethorpe Plan.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=1641.0,1690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/annotation_set/1666/annotation/324","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Juliette Gordon Low Birthplace, also known as the Wayne–Gordon House, was built in 1820 for James Moore Wayne, then-mayor of Savannah. Later, Juliette Low was born in the house on October 31, 1860, and spent her childhood there. Low would go on to create the Girl Scouts of the USA. The Girl Scouts of the USA purchased the Birthplace from the Low family in 1953 and began an extensive renovation of the dilapidated building. In 1956, Savannah landscape architect Clermont Huger Lee created a courtyard and garden design for the site in the style of a Victorian parterre garden. Opened in 1956 as a historic house museum, the Birthplace features many original Gordon family furnishings, including art by Low. The museum interprets Low's life and the history of the Girl Scouts.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=1641.0,1690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/annotation_set/1666/annotation/325","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA sit-in or sit-down was a nonviolent form of direct action protest that involved one or more people occupying an area for a protest. They were commonly used during the civil rights movement when young African American students would sit-in at segregated lunch counters at Woolworth’s and other lunch counters. They refused to leave after being denied service because of their race. The sit-ins created disruptions and drew unwanted publicity to the stores. Additionally, it caused economic hardship to the owners because sit-in participants took up space from the normally paying customers. The sit-in movement eventually grew to include 70,000 black and white participants, affected 20 states and lead to desegregation of many local business.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=1641.0,1690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/annotation_set/1666/annotation/326","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCrew Street School was the first grammar school opened in the Atlanta Public School System. Crew Street grammar school opened in 1872, which also happened to be the end of Reconstruction in Georgia. The original structure was located at 97 Crew Street between Washington Street and Capital Avenue. It was demolished and rebuilt twice in 1895 and 1911. In 1957, it was one of the nearly 500 buildings demolished for construction of the Interstate 20 expressway.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=1713.0,1734.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/annotation_set/1666/annotation/327","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTzedakah [Hebrew: philanthropy and charity] is an ethical obligation that the Torah mandates, also known as a mitzvah. Many Jews give tzedakah before Shabbat and festivals (such as Purim and Shavuot). Its intention is to show the Jewish people's determination to improve the world.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=1771.0,1792.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/annotation_set/1666/annotation/328","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSeder [Hebrew: order] is a Jewish ritual feast that marks the beginning of the Jewish holiday of Passover. It is conducted on the evening of the fifteenth day of Nisan in the Hebrew calendar throughout the world. Some communities hold seder on both the first two nights of Passover. The seder incorporates prayers, candle lighting, and traditional foods symbolizing the slavery of the Jews and the exodus from Egypt. It is one of the most colorful and joyous occasions in Jewish life.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=1830.0,1853.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/annotation_set/1666/annotation/329","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Duplicate Bridge Association of Atlanta (DBAA) established an annual award for the Sportsperson of the Year (SPOTY). This person is honored for their admirable ethical behavior and strong sense of fair play over an extended period, and for their outstanding pleasant and gracious comportment at the table. The award is available to any member of the DBAA regardless of their level of advancement in bridge. Each year the SPOTY is awarded free plays for all of the DBAA Sectional tournaments in the following calendar year. In addition, their name is added to a large plaque with all the DBAA honorees.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=1902.0,1934.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/annotation_set/1666/annotation/330","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Duplicate Bridge Association of Atlanta (DBAAP) is a unit of bridge players that encompasses Cherokee, Cobb, DeKalb, Forsyth, Fulton, and Gwinnett counties. The primary focus of the association is to promote bridge in the metropolitan Atlanta area. In that role, the DBAA organizes, promotes, develops, and manages many different bridge activities to benefit the area players and to encourage new players to join. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=1902.0,1934.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/annotation_set/1666/annotation/331","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Democratic Party is one of the two major contemporary political parties in the United States. It was founded in 1828 and is the world’s oldest active political party.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=1902.0,1934.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/annotation_set/1666/annotation/332","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMemoirist is referring to Donald John Trump (b. 1946), an American politician, media personality, and businessman born in Queens, New York who served as the 45th president of the United States from 2017 to 2021. While president, Trump implemented a travel ban on citizens from several Muslim-majority countries, diverted military funding toward building a wall on the U.S.-Mexico border, appointed Neil Gorsuch, Brett Kavanaugh, and Amy Coney Barrett to the U.S. Supreme Court, and withdrew the U.S. from the proposed Trans-Pacific Partnership trade agreement, the Paris Agreement on climate change, and the Iran nuclear deal. In 2019, he became the first sitting U.S. president to enter North Korea, meeting with Kim Jong Un three times. Trump is seen as a controversial figure, the only federal official to be impeached twice, and in August 2023 he was charged with conspiracy to defraud the United States, witness tampering, conspiracy against the rights of citizens, and obstruction of and attempt to obstruct an official proceeding by a federal grand jury.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=1936.0,1950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/annotation_set/1666/annotation/333","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eYiddish is the common historical language of Ashkenazi Jews from Central and Eastern Europe. It is heavily Germanic based but uses the Hebrew alphabet. The language was spoken or understood as a common tongue for many European Jews up until the middle of the twentieth century. Although the terms “Yiddish” and “Yid” are sometimes used to refer to Jews, Yiddish is a reference to a person's language and not necessarily their ethnicity, religion, or culture.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=2054.0,2082.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/annotation_set/1666/annotation/334","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Kipnis-Wilson/Friedland Award (KWF) is given every two years by Jewish Federations of North America, to a Lion of Judah who exemplifies the highest standards in philanthropy and volunteerism. KWF recipients show dedication to those who are disadvantaged, the worldwide Jewish community, and promoting a strong Jewish future. Federation Lions of Judah are philanthropic women of all ages. A Kipnis-Wilson/Friedland honoree is someone who has been nominated by her fellow Lions as a woman of valor who takes that commitment to extraordinary levels.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=2183.0,2207.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/annotation_set/1666/annotation/335","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Lions of Judah is an international philanthropic Jewish women’s organization. The Lions of Judah promote philanthropic endeavors, monetary giving, and activities that build Jewish identity.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=2255.0,2261.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/annotation_set/1666/annotation/336","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLois Semel Blonder (1933-2024) was born in Washington Heights, New York. She attended the University of Georgia and met her husband, Jerry Blonder there. She graduated from Oglethorpe University. Lois was an active and dedicated member of the Atlanta Jewish community, having served on the boards of the Jewish Federation of Greater Atlanta, the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum, Jewish Family \u0026amp; Career Services, the Southeast chapter of the Anti-Defamation League, the Atlanta chapter of the American Jewish Committee, the Auxiliary of the William Breman Jewish Home, Weinstein Hospice, and the United Jewish Appeal National Women's Division. She was honored in 2004 as a Community Superstar by Hillels of Georgia; was recognized as a legend in 2009 by the William Breman Jewish Home; was honored in 2014 at the International Lion of Judah Conference in New York as Atlanta's recipient of the Kipnis-Wilson/Friedland Award, and was honored in 2018 with a Lifetime of Achievement Award from the Jewish Federation of Greater Atlanta. With her husband, Jerry, Lois endowed the Blonder Family Department for Special Needs at the Marcus Jewish Community Center of Atlanta; established Jerry's Habima Theatre, an inclusive theater company featuring actors with disabilities; and created the Blonder Family Gallery dedicated to Southern Jewish History at the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=2264.0,2333.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/annotation_set/1666/annotation/337","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eShalom Atlanta is the newcomer program of the Jewish Federation of Greater Atlanta. It is a guide to help Jews living in Atlanta learn more about Atlanta’s Jewish organizations, resources, and services. Shirley Brickman was one of the program’s founders.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=2477.0,2566.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/annotation_set/1666/annotation/338","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEdward M. Kahn (1895-1984) was an immigrant from Bialystok, Poland. He became a leader in Atlanta’s Jewish community and served as executive director of several organizations including the Jewish Educational Alliance (presently, Marcus Jewish Community Center of Atlanta), the Atlanta Jewish Welfare Fund, and the Atlanta Federation of Jewish Social Service (presently, Atlanta Jewish Federation of Greater Atlanta), an earlier incarnation of the current Jewish Federation of Greater Atlanta and the Morris Hirsch Clinic (presently, Ben Massell Dental Clinic). Mr. Kahn also became Executive Secretary of the Atlanta Jewish Welfare Fund and of the Atlanta Jewish Community Council. He held these various positions until his retirement in 1964. Kahn was prominent in both local and national social work organizations as well as in Jewish organizations such as B’nai B’rith, the Jewish Children’s Bureau, the Jewish Home, and the Atlanta Bureau of Jewish Education. He also worked with the Southern Israelite newspaper as a writer and adviser.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=2477.0,2566.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/annotation_set/1666/annotation/339","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMax C. (Mike) Gettinger (1911-2000) forged a life-long career in Jewish social services in both the United States and Israel. He became the executive director of the Atlanta Jewish Federation in 1962, a post he kept until 1982. During his leadership, the Federation experienced tremendous growth and re-organization. Gettinger authored the book Coming of Age: the Atlanta Jewish Federation, 1962-1982 which was published in 1994.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=2477.0,2566.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/annotation_set/1666/annotation/340","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSamuel H. Rosenberg (1905-1962) was executive director the Atlanta Bureau of Jewish Education from 1949 to 1962. A native of New York, he was educated at Rabbi Isaac Elchanan Theological Seminary, City College of New York, Columbia University, and University of Buffalo.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=2477.0,2566.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/annotation_set/1666/annotation/341","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Atlanta Bureau of Jewish Education (ABJE) was created in 1946 to foster Jewish education in the city. In 1947, it was instrumental in forming a Hebrew High School is Atlanta. Over the course of four decades, the Bureau offered services to schools, the community and individuals including curriculum guides for Atlanta-area public schools, Holocaust education programs, conferences, workshops, programs for teenagers in Israel, festivals, adult education, classes, lectures, and extension classes for Sunday school teachers. The organization also operated a lending library of Jewish books and resources. The Bureau consisted of all accredited Rabbis in the community, all chairmen of committees of education of affiliated schools and all professional heads of affiliated schools. Samuel H. Rosenberg was its Executive Director from 1949 to 1962 and Hans Erman, a German Holocaust survivor born in 1914, served as its Executive Director from 1963 to 1969.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=2569.0,2594.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/annotation_set/1666/annotation/342","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCharnye Bressler Abelson (1899-1990) was an Atlanta Hadassah chapter president from 1938 until 1940. She and her husband, Jake, ran the Jefferson Hotel in Atlanta and were active in the Atlanta Jewish community.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=2654.0,2742.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/annotation_set/1666/annotation/343","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eChippie Rubin Alterman (1917-1997) was born in Atlanta, Georgia to Harry and Ida Lipow, immigrants from Russia and Poland. Her early childhood was spent in Columbus, Georgia and during her high school years, she worked at Alterman Brothers Grocery, where she met Sam Alterman. They later married and adopted three children. She continued to work with him and his brothers in the family business. She was active in the community and was a member of several Jewish organizations, including Young Judaea, Hadassah, Brandeis University National Women’s Committee, Temple Sisterhood, and United Jewish Appeal. She was also active with non-Jewish organizations such as the American Red Cross and Blood Bank.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=2654.0,2742.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/annotation_set/1666/annotation/344","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eChapter Eleven was a chain of discount bookstores in the Atlanta area owned by Barbara Saul Fleming. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=2759.0,2805.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/annotation_set/1666/annotation/345","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTurtle's Records and Tapes was a Southern United States retail chain, based in Atlanta, that specialized in selling cassettes, records, and concert tickets. Blockbuster purchased Super Club, including the Turtle's Records chain, in 1993. Over the succeeding four years, Turtle's stores were converted into Blockbuster Music stores or merged with stores that Blockbuster owned at the time of the purchase of the regional record seller.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=2759.0,2805.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/annotation_set/1666/annotation/346","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePiedmont Park is a 189-acre park located just north of downtown Atlanta. It was originally designed by Joseph Forsyth Johnson to host the first Piedmont Exhibition in 1887.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=2840.0,2883.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/annotation_set/1666/annotation/347","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Atlanta Jewish Community Center was officially founded in 1910, as the Jewish Educational Alliance. In the late 1940s it evolved into the Atlanta Jewish Community Center and moved to Peachtree Street. It stayed there until 1998, when the building was sold and the center moved to the suburb of Dunwoody. In 2000, it was renamed the “Marcus Jewish Community Center of Atlanta.”\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=2840.0,2883.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/annotation_set/1666/annotation/348","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Progressive Club was a Jewish social organization in Atlanta, Georgia. It was established in 1913 by Russian Jews who felt unwelcome at the Standard Club, where German Jews were predominant. At first the club was located in a rented house until a new club was built on Pryor Street including a swimming pool and a gym. In 1940 the club opened a larger facility at 1050 Techwood Drive in Midtown with three swimming pools, tennis, and softball. In 1976 the club moved north to 1160 Moore’s Mill Road near Interstate 75. The property was eventually sold to the YMCA as the club faced financial challenges. The Carl E. Sanders Family YMCA at Buckhead, which stands on the former site of the Progressive Club, opened in 1996.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=2897.0,2986.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/annotation_set/1666/annotation/349","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCitizens and Southern National Bank (C\u0026amp;S) began as a Georgia institution that expanded into South Carolina, Florida, and into other states via mergers. It is headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia and was the largest bank in the Southeast for much of the 20th century. The bank began in Georgia with the merger of the Citizens Bank of Savannah, established in 1887, and its crosstown rival, the Southern Bank of Georgia in 1906. Mills B. Lane had begun at Citizens Bank as a vice president and director in 1891. In 1901, Lane became president of Citizens Bank. In 1906, Lane and his associates purchased Southern Bank of Georgia enabling them to merge the two banks as the new C\u0026amp;S Bank. The newly merged banks were officially named the Citizens and Southern Bank of Georgia. In 1922 Citizens and Southern absorbed Central Bank and Trust Corp., the bank founded by Coca-Cola co-founder Asa Griggs Candler.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=2897.0,2986.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/annotation_set/1666/annotation/350","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Myrtle Wreath Award is a prestigious award given by Hadassah, The Women's Zionist Organization of America, to people who have made significant contributions to Jewish life in politics, diplomacy, science, the arts, or organization work. It is considered Hadassah's highest honor. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=3099.0,3134.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/annotation_set/1666/annotation/351","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLoew's Grand Theater, originally DeGive's Grand Opera House, was a movie theater at the corner of Peachtree and Forsyth Streets in downtown Atlanta. It was most famous as the site of the 1939 premiere of Gone with the Wind. The Georgia-Pacific Tower was built on the former site of the theater.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=3184.0,3283.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/annotation_set/1666/annotation/352","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDonald Harris Diamond (1931-2013) was a long-time active member of Ahavath Achim Synagogue. Born to Theresa Stern and Benjamin Diamond in Atlanta, Georgia, Diamond was the younger brother of Virginia Diamond Saul. He attended Emory University. He was married to Sheri Diamond and had two sons and two stepchildren.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=3184.0,3283.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111/annotation_set/1666/annotation/353","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTokhes, also spelled toches, tuchus, or tuchas is the Yiddish word for buttocks. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136914/file/254111#t=3184.0,3283.0"}]}]}]}