{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/j96057dg5d/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Baron, Albert"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["2001-01-19 (creation)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["Video"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAlbert Baron interviewed by John Kent on January 19, 2001 in Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e (general)","\u003cp\u003eAlbert Baron was born in Nancy, France on October 6, 1934.  He was the youngest of two other children.  Albert’s parents, Jacob and Rose Klarman Baron, owned a successful men’s and ladies’ ready-to-wear and tailoring business.  Albert’s family immigrated to France from Poland and never became French citizens.  Albert had a very normal childhood until early 1940 when Nancy, which was close to the German border, was bombed.  The Barons hid in a bomb shelter for about three weeks. Albert’s father decided to move the family to the south of France in the spring of 1940.  Albert’s father bought a truck and asked his brother-in-law to drive his family to Toulouse, where a portion of their family lived.  Tragically, when Albert’s uncle returned to Nancy, his wife and daughter had been deported by the Gestapo. \u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn Toulouse, the Baron family lived in an apartment.  Albert’s father was picked up by the Gestapo in Toulouse but managed to escape and go into hiding.  When the French Gestapo came to look for him they were led astray by Albert’s cousin.  After that, the Barons fled to a small village at the foot of the Pyrenees called Bagneres-de-Luchon and lived on a small farm rented to them by a gentile. \u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn December 1942, the Barons left Luchon and trekked over the Pyrenees Mountains to find asylum in Spain, as Albert’s father was advised that the Germans were beginning to identify and round up Jews near Luchon.  The Barons traveled over the mountains, along with other families and Basque guides, for more than 24 hours.  They could not stop moving for fear of freezing to death.  Once across the border, the Spanish patrol demanded all their money and jewelry to let them pass, although these items were later returned after the Chief of Police of the village they were taken to intervened in the matter.  The families who crossed the border spent the night in the only available space—a jail—and were taken by truck the next day to Barcelona, Spain.  Although the Barons found asylum in Spain, Albert’s parents were not allowed to work. They soon made plans to go to the United States via Canada, which was allowing Jews to enter in 1944.  Albert’s sister was sponsored by Albert’s aunt and was able to enter the United States in 1943.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe Barons took a cargo ship to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and then made their way to Montreal, Canada from there.  They arrived the first night of Passover and had their first seder in freedom.  While Albert’s parents were able to work in Montreal, the family remained poor, and Albert was the victim of many antisemitic attacks.  As a teenager and young adult, Albert was a very accomplished skier with dreams of skiing professionally.  Albert attended McGill University in Montreal and studied accounting and business while working during the day.  He met his wife, Rita, in 1955, and they decided that it was financially impractical for Albert to pursue a career in skiing.  They lived in Paris with their children from 1964 to 1970 for Albert’s job with a company called Chemsearch.  While in Paris, Albert was able to visit Nancy, Toulouse and the farmer who had provided the Barons with shelter in Luchon. \u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn 1970, Albert, his wife and children moved to Atlanta partly to escape the harsh Canada winters.  Albert and his family settled in Atlanta and eventually joined The Temple, a reform synagogue.  They have two children, a son who is a neurologist, and a daughter.  They also have two grandchildren.  Albert and his family try to help less fortunate Jews—they sponsored a Russian family in Atlanta—and Albert speaks to high school groups about his experiences during the Holocaust.\u003c/p\u003e (bioghist)","\u003cp\u003eAlbert Baron describes fleeing with his family from Nancy, France in 1940 as the Germans began bombing and their further flight by train to a town near the base of the Pyrenees Mountains called Luchon, where they rented a small farm from a non-Jew. While Baron does not recall being as afraid as he should have been in these circumstances because of his young age, he does recall his father explaining to him how to identify German soldiers. Baron’s father also had Hebrew tutors for his sons while in Luchon, and Baron believes this gave him a strong Jewish foundation.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFrom Luchon, the family trekked over the Pyrenees to find refuge in Spain and Albert recalls how, in 1944, the Baron family crossed the ocean—enduring a hair-raising storm and near starvation—to the United States and from there made their way to Montreal, Canada. Baron describes experiencing antisemitism in Montreal, especially from the French-Canadians. Albert found that his fluency in French was helpful in school, and he was able to attend McGill University as a young adult.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAlbert recalls meeting his wife in 1955 and living in Paris, France. Baron’s beloved father, whom he describes as a hero for saving the family from the Holocaust, passed away just after Albert and his family arrived in Paris. Even though Albert knew his father was gravely ill with Lou Gehrig’s disease before he left, his father had urged Albert not to miss the opportunity to live in Europe. While there Albert was able to visit the gentile farmer who had rented to the Baron family in Luchon. Albert recalls the emotional reunion because until that time the farmer was not sure if the Baron family survived the war. Albert describes the time in Paris with fond memories but made a decision to move to Atlanta in 1970.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eWhen the Barons moved to Atlanta, the city was beginning to grow, and although there were not many restaurants or synagogues, the Barons found less antisemitism and racism than they thought they would find. Albert discusses how his family joined the Temple, a reform congregation and sponsored a Russian Jewish family and how they try to help financially, especially with older Jews.\u003c/p\u003e (scope content)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source Metadata URI"]},"value":{"en":["https://archivesspace.thebreman.org/repositories/2/archival_objects/28414"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}}],"summary":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAlbert Baron interviewed by John Kent on January 19, 2001 in Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlbert Baron was born in Nancy, France on October 6, 1934.  He was the youngest of two other children.  Albert’s parents, Jacob and Rose Klarman Baron, owned a successful men’s and ladies’ ready-to-wear and tailoring business.  Albert’s family immigrated to France from Poland and never became French citizens.  Albert had a very normal childhood until early 1940 when Nancy, which was close to the German border, was bombed.  The Barons hid in a bomb shelter for about three weeks. Albert’s father decided to move the family to the south of France in the spring of 1940.  Albert’s father bought a truck and asked his brother-in-law to drive his family to Toulouse, where a portion of their family lived.  Tragically, when Albert’s uncle returned to Nancy, his wife and daughter had been deported by the Gestapo. \u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn Toulouse, the Baron family lived in an apartment.  Albert’s father was picked up by the Gestapo in Toulouse but managed to escape and go into hiding.  When the French Gestapo came to look for him they were led astray by Albert’s cousin.  After that, the Barons fled to a small village at the foot of the Pyrenees called Bagneres-de-Luchon and lived on a small farm rented to them by a gentile. \u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn December 1942, the Barons left Luchon and trekked over the Pyrenees Mountains to find asylum in Spain, as Albert’s father was advised that the Germans were beginning to identify and round up Jews near Luchon.  The Barons traveled over the mountains, along with other families and Basque guides, for more than 24 hours.  They could not stop moving for fear of freezing to death.  Once across the border, the Spanish patrol demanded all their money and jewelry to let them pass, although these items were later returned after the Chief of Police of the village they were taken to intervened in the matter.  The families who crossed the border spent the night in the only available space—a jail—and were taken by truck the next day to Barcelona, Spain.  Although the Barons found asylum in Spain, Albert’s parents were not allowed to work. They soon made plans to go to the United States via Canada, which was allowing Jews to enter in 1944.  Albert’s sister was sponsored by Albert’s aunt and was able to enter the United States in 1943.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe Barons took a cargo ship to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and then made their way to Montreal, Canada from there.  They arrived the first night of Passover and had their first seder in freedom.  While Albert’s parents were able to work in Montreal, the family remained poor, and Albert was the victim of many antisemitic attacks.  As a teenager and young adult, Albert was a very accomplished skier with dreams of skiing professionally.  Albert attended McGill University in Montreal and studied accounting and business while working during the day.  He met his wife, Rita, in 1955, and they decided that it was financially impractical for Albert to pursue a career in skiing.  They lived in Paris with their children from 1964 to 1970 for Albert’s job with a company called Chemsearch.  While in Paris, Albert was able to visit Nancy, Toulouse and the farmer who had provided the Barons with shelter in Luchon. \u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn 1970, Albert, his wife and children moved to Atlanta partly to escape the harsh Canada winters.  Albert and his family settled in Atlanta and eventually joined The Temple, a reform synagogue.  They have two children, a son who is a neurologist, and a daughter.  They also have two grandchildren.  Albert and his family try to help less fortunate Jews—they sponsored a Russian family in Atlanta—and Albert speaks to high school groups about his experiences during the Holocaust.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlbert Baron describes fleeing with his family from Nancy, France in 1940 as the Germans began bombing and their further flight by train to a town near the base of the Pyrenees Mountains called Luchon, where they rented a small farm from a non-Jew. While Baron does not recall being as afraid as he should have been in these circumstances because of his young age, he does recall his father explaining to him how to identify German soldiers. Baron’s father also had Hebrew tutors for his sons while in Luchon, and Baron believes this gave him a strong Jewish foundation.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFrom Luchon, the family trekked over the Pyrenees to find refuge in Spain and Albert recalls how, in 1944, the Baron family crossed the ocean—enduring a hair-raising storm and near starvation—to the United States and from there made their way to Montreal, Canada. Baron describes experiencing antisemitism in Montreal, especially from the French-Canadians. Albert found that his fluency in French was helpful in school, and he was able to attend McGill University as a young adult.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAlbert recalls meeting his wife in 1955 and living in Paris, France. Baron’s beloved father, whom he describes as a hero for saving the family from the Holocaust, passed away just after Albert and his family arrived in Paris. Even though Albert knew his father was gravely ill with Lou Gehrig’s disease before he left, his father had urged Albert not to miss the opportunity to live in Europe. While there Albert was able to visit the gentile farmer who had rented to the Baron family in Luchon. Albert recalls the emotional reunion because until that time the farmer was not sure if the Baron family survived the war. Albert describes the time in Paris with fond memories but made a decision to move to Atlanta in 1970.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eWhen the Barons moved to Atlanta, the city was beginning to grow, and although there were not many restaurants or synagogues, the Barons found less antisemitism and racism than they thought they would find. Albert discusses how his family joined the Temple, a reform congregation and sponsored a Russian Jewish family and how they try to help financially, especially with older Jews.\u003c/p\u003e"]},"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/105/498/small/Albert_Baron.png?1619294029","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - Baron_Albert.mp4"]},"duration":5798.018,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/105/498/small/Albert_Baron.png?1619294029","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-thebreman.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/105/498/original/Baron_Albert.mp4?1613335244","type":"Video","format":"video/mp4","duration":5798.018,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Albert Baron [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"KENT: Today is Jan 19, 2001. Start with your name, please, and when are where\nyou were born?\n\nBARON: My name is Albert Baron, spelled B-A-R-O-N, one 'R.' I was born in\nNancy, in France, in northeastern France, on October 6, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"1934.\n\nKENT: Could you just give a general overview of your time up until the war and\nthe war period . . . whatever you'd like to mention.\n\nBARON: As a child, I had a pretty normal life, as I recall. I spent summer\nvacation with my parents, and my brother and sister. I have an older brother and\nan older sister who both live in Canada--they were placed in a farm for their\nsummer vacation--and I spent most of mine with my parents. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Things were quite\nnormal. My dad had a men and ladies' ready-to-wear and custom tailoring\nbusiness. My mother worked along with him when she could. Then, of course, in\n1940 is when the war really started for us, but until that time . . . although\nwe had a small Jewish community in Nancy . . . it was quite close . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=60.0,90.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the\nsynagogue, everything was within walking distance, no one had cars. The\nsynagogue was down the block on the other side of the street, my school was on\nthe other side of the street. I went to kindergarten . . . the last school that\nI can recall before the war started. In early 1940, we were one of the first\ncities in France to be bombed, and we knew the war started. But as a child, you\ndon't ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=90.0,120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"understand what war is, and what killing is so I thought it was more play\nthan being worried about getting killed, as my parents probably were. We were\nplaced in air raid shelters. As soon as the sirens went off advising the\npopulation that we're being bombed, we ran and stayed in these air raid\nshelters. At one time we spent ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=120.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"nearly three weeks in an air raid shelter that\nclose by . . . we heard the bombs. Of course, as a child, I didn't know what it\nwas all about. My dad . . . at that time when we were in a shelter . . . there\nwas a little period in between bombings that decided that it's probably a good\ntime to get away from there. Now what he knew about the atrocities being\ncommitted against ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=150.0,180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jews . . . all he knew is we were close to the German border.\nMy dad was born near the Polish-German border, knew the Germans, knew the\nantisemitism . . . I'm sure knew what went on from 1933 to 1940 and thought it\nwould be best, as Jews, to leave Nancy and head south. So in the spring of 1940,\nmy dad bought an old ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=180.0,210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"truck, although he was not a driver, asked one of my\nuncles--actually my dad's brother-in-law--to drive us south to a city called\nToulouse, which is a major city south . . . way south, actually, of Paris . . .\ndirectly south. We left in spring of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=210.0,240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"1940 with whatever we could load on that\ntruck. Unfortunately, my uncle who drove us had left his wife and daughter\nbehind and thought he would drive us somewhere where we could get on a train or\ngo, and then he would go back and get them. Unfortunately, by the time he got\nback . . . the timing was just strange . . . that they were picked up by\nGestapo. We never heard from them again. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=240.0,270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He finally decided to go south again to\nwhere we were and join us. I guess the reason we chose Toulouse . . . I guess my\ndad did . . . was that my mother had a sister who lived in Toulouse. Now you\nhave understand that during the war days, there were French nationals--Jews that\nhad come over from the east, from ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=270.0,300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Poland--in the case of my parents and my aunt\n--and became French citizens. My parents--for a reason which I still do not\nunderstand--never became French citizens, so they were really foreigners. Now\nwhen the war started, and they started chasing or looking for Jews, the first\none they were looking for were foreigners, or foreign Jews. We arrived in\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=300.0,330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Toulouse--again in the spring of 1940--and took up a little apartment. Now\nFrance was divided into two sections--one was 'Free France' that the Germans\nfelt there were enough collaborators and people they can rely on that they felt\nthat can take over that part which was more or less the southern part . . .\nwhich Toulouse was a part of, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=330.0,360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which is called 'Free France.' The government of\nan old, foolish general called Marshal Petain and a terrible antisemite called\nLaval, who ran pretty much . . . Prime Minister of Free France. de Gaulle, was\nthen a general of the army, left and took most of what was left of the French\narmy after they capitulated . . . to England. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=360.0,390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Here we were in Toulouse in a\nlittle apartment. My dad on one of his outing gets caught in what we call in\nFrench a 'rafle,' which actually means a 'round-up.' What they were rounding up\nwere Jews to send to what they called 'work camps,' which eventually they were\nsent to concentration camps. Now this was all done by the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=390.0,420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"French police and\nFrench Gestapo who had been instructed to round up the Jews to be sent to these\ncamps. My dad was caught by the French police taken to French police station.\nWhen we became aware that he had been caught, my French--this is my aunt's\ndaughter, who was a French national and French citizen--was able to pay off ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=420.0,450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the\npolice to let him go. No sooner did they let him go that he came to home and\ntold us he was going into hiding because they're looking for him. The\nGestapo--again this is the French Gestapo--people don't realize that you had the\nGerman Gestapo and you also had either French Gestapo or Gestapo from any other\ncountries--came looking for him at our apartment. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=450.0,480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"My sister, my brother and I\nwere in that little apartment waiting for some news as to what to do when the\nGestapo came knocking at our door--of course, realize that I was still a\nyoungster and I wasn't even as scared I guess as I should have been--but my\nsister who was the oldest--who was at the time maybe 13 years old--was aware of\nthe danger. They wanted to know where my dad was and that if she didn't take\nthem ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=480.0,510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where he is that they would come back and take my brother and I. She\nimmediately said that she would take them where he is and led them off--led them\nastray--she was quite fleet-footed at 13. They were older, and she outran\nthem--being sure that she wasn't followed--to where my father was hiding in my\naunt's attic. My brother and I went there on our own. My brother, was also\nolder, took me by the hand, and then we ran to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=510.0,540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"my aunt's house. At that time we\nall went into another home--this was a gentile home--and hid in their cellar in\nthe basement for a few days until things calmed down. At that time, plans were\nmade to leave Toulouse and go further south to the mountains. Now at that time,\nthe only ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=540.0,570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"route of escape was either into Spain, or to the ocean. We couldn't go\neast to Switzerland or Italy because all the doors were closed. Italy was part\nof the Axis, part of Germany at the time with the German army, and Switzerland\nhad closed its doors to immigrants. We ended up in a little town called\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=570.0,600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Luchon--Bagneres-de-Luchon is actually what it's called--which is a small little\nvillage right at the foothills of the Pyrenees Mountains. My dad rented a little\nvilla . . . little house on a backstreet that was owned by a gentleman who\nknew--even though he was not Jewish--that we were Jews, and at the jeopardy of\nhis own life, rented us this little villa. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=600.0,630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We remained there for nearly a\nyear-and-a-half, which we felt was safe . . . we felt that by that time the war\nwould be over. Unfortunately, the war was just beginning, because in 1942 was\nwhen . . . if my dates are right . . . Pearl Harbor was in the spring of 1942 .\n. .\n\nKENT: December, 1941\n\nBARON: December, 1941. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=630.0,660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"By that time the United States was already in the war.\n\nKENT: What was told to you as a child about what was going on, what all this\nmeant, what you needed to do or not do in your role as a little kid?\n\nBARON: That's a good question. Actually, what my dad explained to me was what a\nwar is and what really was going on. He told us that our religion was different.\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=660.0,690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We practiced our religion even in time of war. My dad had a rabbi visit our home\nto teach us Hebrew. My brother was going to be 13 two years later . . . at 11\nwas instructed in davening--I guess you could call it--praying. I learned a\nlittle Hebrew at that time--more about Judaism and our religion. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=690.0,720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Then he\nexplained to me about the Germans. He also drew a German helmet and a French\nhelmet to make sure that I was aware or knew the difference between German\nsoldiers and French soldiers, because when I went to school I may run into\nGerman soldiers, which eventually I did and because I recognized the difference\nin the helmets, I was able to know that these were Germans, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=720.0,750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and they're the bad\nguys. I knew that I had to go back home because I was instructed that if I see\nthem anywhere in the village to run back home and instruct my father that there\nare Germans in town so that he can make provisions for our safety again. As I\nsaid, we were in Luchon for nearly a year-and-a-half, so here were are in--I\nguess it was the fall of 1942 ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=750.0,780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"around October--and my dad did find out that the\nGermans had come down all the way down into that area and they were patrolling\nthe mountains because they had heard that there were a lot of Jews escaping into\nSpain via the mountains. They came and patrolled--along with the French police\nand mountain patrol were patrolling the mountain. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=780.0,810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now what my dad did was he had\nplaced my sister in a convent about two or so months prior to that--I guess he\nhad suspected there were some problems--and placed my brother and I in a\nmonastery. Now here again, people don't realize that a lot of nuns and a lot of\npriests were the \"Righteous Amongst the Nations,\" in essence, who saved quite a\nlot of Jews by hiding them at the jeopardy of their own lives. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=810.0,840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We stayed in this\nmonastery for about three weeks or so. My dad at the time was making provisions\nto get us over the mountain into Spain. Now realize were talking about a\nmountain that's somewhere between 6,000 to 7,000 feet high--nowhere as high as\nthe Alps or the Rockies -- ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=840.0,870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"just for comparison we're talking about twice the\nheight of the Carolina Mountains which are about 3,000. The only way to escape\ninto Spain via the mountain was via a 24-hour trek. We elected--or I should say\nmy dad elected--along with two other families . . . because the only guides that\nyou could find to take you over these mountains were Basques. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=870.0,900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The Basques at\nthat time were a non-entity--they didn't have their own country, lived mostly in\nthe mountains--even today they're still fighting for their own independence and\ntheir own country, but they had fought on the wrong side of the civil war in\nSpain so they could live in Spain . . . they lived partially in France in the\nmountains. They, for a sum of money, would take us over the mountains safely\ninto Spain, at which time at the border they would have to backtrack and go back\ndown. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=900.0,930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They felt that the time to do this--if there was a good time--would be\nprior to Christmas--prior to the holidays--where the patrollers would be\npreoccupied with the holidays and would never suspect that people were crazy\nenough to try to climb a mountain with two to three feet of snow on the\nmountain. We decided that we would attempt to do it, which we did. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=930.0,960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We were given\nwarm clothes. Warm boots and only what we could carry on our back is all we\ncould take over with us. Everything was left in that little villa that we had\nrented. My dad had packed up things in cases and left them there and felt that\nwhen the war ends that we could go back and get it. Here we are climbing this\nmountain, and this uncle ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=960.0,990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that I had mentioned earlier, who had taken us with the\ntruck, whose wife and daughter had been taken away, tried to do this climb with\nus and unfortunately about halfway he couldn't anymore and went back down. We\nnever heard from him again until we found out that some way made his way to\nEngland . . . we still haven't found out . . . survived the war in England and\nthen went back to France after the war, or Belgium. But ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=990.0,1020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we did climb over this\nmountain and went around Andorra and ended up on the border, and a Spanish\npatroller--a border guard--stopped us. Now we were told, at least my dad showed\nus, that the Civil Guards--which is what the Spanish patrollers called\nthemselves--wore very strange-looking helmets made out of leather ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=1020.0,1050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that looked\nlike this really. That I can still remember as a child--of course, I've seen\nthem after that. He stopped us and demanded money or jewelry or anything to\nallow us to continue to pass. Nobody had any choice just to give him about\neverything they had . . . to at least be alive and be safe . . . and he sent us\nto the side of a road. Here we ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=1050.0,1080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"arrived . . . I remember it was pitch dark . . .\nit was black . . . and here's this group of about 15 people not knowing where to\ngo. The Basque guides are gone, the patrolman sent us off on the side of the\nroad . . . the only thing I remember is my dad telling me that I fell asleep\njust standing up there on the side of the road. Realize that on that 24-hour\njourney we allowed to sleep or rest because if you do ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=1080.0,1110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you could freeze to death,\nso you pretty much have to keep moving all the time. Now, in the middle of this\ndarkness a whistle appeared on the road, and somebody came by on a bicycle. What\nthis man was doing was looking for people who had journeyed over the mountain to\nassist them in going further on. He was part of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=1110.0,1140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the . . . at that time I think\nit was the World Jewish Committee rather than the American Jewish Congress,\nwhich is what it is now. At that time, they had had quite a few Jews who had\ngone to Spain to try and rescue or assist refugees that were coming over the\nmountain. They took us and led us to the nearest village. There was no place to\nsleep, so they gave us the jail as a place to rest and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=1140.0,1170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sleep . . . stay\novernight. The Chief of Police who greeted us spoke French--most us spoke French\nbut no Spanish--but most of the people in these areas being close to the borders\ndid speak French--and he was told that this border patrolman had taken money and\njewelry in order to let us go by. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=1170.0,1200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Surprisingly now, the next morning everything\nwas returned. was apprehended and all jewelry, all the money was returned to\nwhoever they belonged to. From what we gathered . . . theoretically, from what\nwe gathered . . . is that the Spaniards really did not want to be known as\nthieves and assisted more than anything else at the instruction of the Franco\ngovernment--Generalissimo or ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=1200.0,1230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"General Franco, who was a dictator and a friend of\nHitler and the Axis, somehow gave an edict that anyone coming over the mountain\nhas to be allowed to remain and not sent back. I have written . . . I have read\nactually some books or tried to find out why Franco allowed the Jews to remain\nin Spain. There's a theory that somewhere ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=1230.0,1260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"his ancestors might have been Jewish\nand felt that he may have some Jewish blood. Most of the Francos, especially the\nones living in this country, are Jews. For whatever reason, they allowed us to\nremain in Spain but were not allowed to work. Now from the little town that we\nentered . . . 'Lerida,' we were then taken by . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=1260.0,1290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they were actually army\ntrucks . . . we were herded onto these trucks to take us down to Barcelona. Some\nwent to Barcelona, some went to Madrid. We went to Barcelona. We were assisted\nat that time by Jewish groups who assisted refugees and Jewish refugees in\nremaining in Spain. We made our home in Barcelona ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=1290.0,1320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from December, 1942, which is\nwhen we arrived there. We remained in Barcelona until March of 1944. The war was\nstill raging, the Americans and the Allies had still not invaded ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=1320.0,1350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Europe, so my\ndad realized that if the war is going to continue . . . he hadn't worked and was\nrunning out of money . . . he probably didn't have very much left having not\nworked for nearly five years . . . that he would try to get to the United\nStates. At that time he had a sister living in Detroit who was an American\ncitizen . . . married to an American citizen . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=1350.0,1380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they communicated on a\nregular basis as much as they could . . . tried to get us to go to the United\nStates. Unfortunately, as you know, at that time immigration was closed in the\nUnited States. This was the Roosevelt government who did not allow any Jews into\nthe United States, except in 1943 they allowed some children who were stuck in\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=1380.0,1410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"both Spain and Portugal to go to the United States if they were sponsored or if\nthey had family, more or less like the kindertransport --the original that\nhappened in 1939, I guess, or 1938--before the war started.\n\nKENT: Up until this point, as your family went through different living\nsituations, how did anybody know that you were Jewish? How were people identified?\n\nBARON: I know that my dad ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=1410.0,1440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was given stars to wear back in Toulouse, which he\njust threw away and said, \"We're not going to wear it. We're not going to be\nidentified as Jews. We're just going to try to avoid it,\" which he did. But the\nGermans had a way of knowing who the Jews were, where they were--they had\nlists--but in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=1440.0,1470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Spain itself the reason that my dad had to identify himself and\nmost of the others as Jews: one is for asylum to be able to remain in Spain, two\nto get help from HIAS --the Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society--because they're the\nones that helped, that assisted with housing, they assisted with funds make sure\nthat whoever is there. Now from the information I was able to gather there were\nabout 45,000 . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=1470.0,1500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when you think about 6,000,000 who perished . . . only 45,000\nescaped via Spain. This included Marc Chagall who in the early 1940's was taken\nthrough Spain and eventually ended up in the United States. This was early at\nthe onset of war.\n\nBARON: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=1500.0,1530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"By 1944, after having been in Spain so long--my sister was already in\nDetroit--my dad was advised that Canada . . . again here was an antisemitic\nnation whose one of the immigration ministers, when asked how many Jews he allow\nor should they allow into Canada, told them that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=1530.0,1560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"none is too many. There is a\nbook called None is Too Many if anybody wants to read, which is quite\ninteresting about the Canadian government during the war and its antisemitism.\nThis was the government of Mackenzie King. However, they did agree to allow\nabout 5,000 Jews into Canada. We're really talking about so few when you think\nof so many that died and how many could have been saved. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=1560.0,1590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But my dad agreed to\nget to Canada feeling that if we get to Canada then we can get to the United\nStates. In January 1944 he was given the option of going to Canada via\nPhiladelphia, because that was the port of entry. There was a ship, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=1590.0,1620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which was a\nPortuguese vessel called the 'Serpa Pinto,' registered Portugal. Since Portugal\nwas neutral they were allowed to cross the ocean. There were very few\nships--this one was allowed to go across the ocean. He was given the option of\ngoing across in March or in June. He felt that the sooner the better even though\nMarch is not a very good month to cross the ocean. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=1620.0,1650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We left Barcelona, went to\nLisbon where the ship was docked. We joined about 180 passengers on that ship,\nwhich was more or less a semi-freighter. It carried some passengers and carried\nfreight . . . cargo to the United States. When we got on the ship, I think it\nwas about March 27 . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=1650.0,1680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I remember it was before . . . when we got to the\nUnited States it was one day before Passover, before Pesach on April 6.\nUnfortunately, the ship was supposed to take about five days to get to United\nStates . . . not five days, eight days . . . it's five days now . . . in those\ndays it took about eight days. Being in late March, the weather was bad, we hit\na storm. We were lost in the ocean about three days ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=1680.0,1710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not able to go west but had\nto go north to go against the waves. Before we got across the ocean the ship\nstopped in the Azores and picked up a shipload--I guess you could call it--of\npineapples to bring to the United States. I guess, luckily enough, after being\nlost ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=1710.0,1740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for three days in the ocean we ran out of . . . the ship ran out of food .\n. . had nothing to eat virtually. The only thing that was left to eat were the\npineapples that were in the cargo section. So they started bringing up\npineapples and this is what we ate for three days. With all the people that were\nsick from it, including most of my family, to today I can still not eat\npineapple. Neither does my brother--just will not eat ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=1740.0,1770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"pineapple--that's how bad\nit was. But anyhow we ended up in Philadelphia with no problem. The second ship\nthat left in June actually was actually stopped by a German U-boat and people\nwere taken off. Some people died, and eventually they did get across. But we\ndidn't have any incidents--we ended up in Philadelphia in April 5 or 6 of 1944.\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=1770.0,1800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Then we were taken right off the ship onto buses that then took us to the train,\nbecause G-d forbid we might escape into the United States . . . they wouldn't\nwant to have Jews running around in the United States, so they made sure. We\nwere guarded by the American army and police. Even as a child I remember\nwondering what was going on and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=1800.0,1830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"eventually got onto trains heading for Montreal.\nSome went to Winnipeg, some went to Toronto, but being that we spoke French\nfluently our family was given the right to go to Montreal, which was more or\nless French speaking.\n\nKENT: Up until this point in your story do you remember as a kid what you made\nof the experience from the inside out? What were you thinking? How were you\nprocessing it?\n\nBARON: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=1830.0,1860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You know something, I was really so young that it really had very little\neffect or none, but the thing that when I think back is I think that we matured\na lot differently--a lot faster, because of going through these tumultuous\ntimes--you're in hiding, you're out of hiding, you don't really understand what\nis really going on here. Then we come to a period where we're living in\ncomfortably and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=1860.0,1890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"then you're uprooted again, climbing this mountain, going to\nSpain . . . soldiers . . . I mean children . . . when you're five, six you\nunderstand about soldiers and shootings . . . you don't understand death as\nmuch, but that there's bad guys and the good guys. But it really had not too\nmuch effect on me or my brother--we discuss this at times. My parents, my dad,\nreally never wanted to talk about it.\n\nKENT: Do you have a sense what the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=1890.0,1920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"emotion was in the air amongst your family\nwhether they explained it or not? What was the atmosphere?\n\nBARON: The atmosphere is . . . my dad tried to keep us as normal a life as\npossible. When we lived in France in that little villa at the base of that\nlittle mountain, we had a garden in the middle in order to eat . . . we couldn't\ntake a chance, so we grew and became farmers. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=1920.0,1950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We had grapes--lot of grapes in\nthe area--we had chickens, we had eggs. The farmers in the immediate area\nbrought us fresh milk, and bread, and butter I believe. But everything else we\ngrew . . . and ate what we could eat. Now we did have I remember at times a\nshochet --how do you call a shochet in English --someone who kills chickens,\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=1950.0,1980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"koshers them really--came to our house . . . I remember this . . . to kill some\nchickens so we could have food. We had rabbits--we ate rabbit--it was not\nkosher, but when you're hungry, you eat whatever is available at the time. But\nother than that, as I mentioned earlier, my dad had a rabbi come to the home to\nteach us our religion, to teach us to read ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=1980.0,2010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hebrew--to daven in essence--to pray\nin Hebrew, which I'm thankful . . . that's the only way I probably would have\nreally known this is to start young.\n\nKENT: And your mom? How did she handle all this? What was her take on the whole experience?\n\nBARON: You know something? I've never really sat down with my mother all that\nmuch because my mother really was--as a result of the war--became ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=2010.0,2040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"rather a\nlittle bit depressed. Here were two people who had a business, very successful,\nwhen they first arrived . . . they both arrived from Poland as teenagers, I\nthink my dad was 17 or 18, my mother also 16 or 17 came over from Warsaw, where\nshe was born. My mother was a seamstress, my dad was a tailor ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=2040.0,2070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so it was natural\nfor them to go into business together and have this ladies' and men's\nready-to-wear and custom tailoring . . . became quite successful in their\nbusiness from what I understood. They lived quite well. Then suddenly you get\nuprooted and you lose everything that you've worked for because by the time we\ncame to Canada my dad told me he had about $12 in his pocket--that was it. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=2070.0,2100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When\nwe came there . . . we were greeted by a gentleman by the name of Garfinkel -- I\nstill remember him because we became quite friendly with his son--who didn't\nreally sponsor us but assisted us in getting oriented to the area. They found us\na little one- room apartment that we all lived in. My sister wasn't with us\nthen, she was still in Detroit. But my mother, I guess, as a result of it ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=2100.0,2130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was\nnot a very happy camper and did not really want to talk too much about it. My\ndad went to work, found work in a big tailoring company but there were problems\nin Canada when we came there in 1944. One, the Montreal ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=2130.0,2160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":". . . do you want to stop?\n\nBARON: Here we are . . . we arrived in Montreal on the first night of Passover.\nIt was April 6 or 7. It was the first night of Passover. We were taken to a\nseder in a big hall called the 'Montreal Talmud Torah' and enjoyed our first\nseder in freedom, really, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=2160.0,2190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"although we were free in Spain . . . as my dad thought\nthat finally we were free but still not being allowed to work and not being\nallowed to do this and living under a dictatorship really didn't feel free until\nwe arrived in Montreal. At that time my dad felt that we were going to be living\nin freedom, allowed to live in a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=2190.0,2220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"democracy, which it was . . . except you have\nto understand that at that time of the population in Quebec, which is where\nMontreal is situated, in the province of Quebec . . . there were at the time\napproximately 8,000,000 residents, of which 6,000,000 were French-Canadian. 95\npercent of French-Canadians are ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=2220.0,2250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Catholics--only five percent Protestants. Now\nwhat they did because of the division of the languages--Montreal was pretty much\ndivided into two areas--you had eastern Montreal which was predominantly\nFrench-Canadian . . . you had the western section, which was predominantly\nEnglish speaking. At that time there were probably about 100,000 to 120,000 Jews\nliving in Montreal, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=2250.0,2280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"pretty much ghettoized--they lived within Jewish areas, as\nthey are in Montreal. There's a town called Cote Saint-Luc--out of a population\nof 30,000. Probably 29,000 are Jews, including the mayor and everyone else\nexcept probably the fire department and the police, but this is what life was\nlike in Montreal. The reason they lived that way was for self-preservation and\nprotection. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=2280.0,2310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The French-Canadians were very ardent, especially when we got there\nin 1944--it has changed.\n\nBARON: Now because of this division and primarily of religions the school\nboards was divided into two school boards. There was the Protestant school\nboard, which was predominantly English-speaking, and there was the Catholic\nschool board, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=2310.0,2340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which was predominantly French-Canadians. Most of the\nFrench-Canadians and a few English-speaking went to the Catholic school, paid\nschool board taxes, and went to those schools. On the other side the Protestant\nschool board, was--as I mentioned--predominantly English-speaking but allowed\nJewish children as long as their parents paid Protestant school taxes to go the\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=2340.0,2370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Protestant schools. The Catholic school was mostly in French which would have\nbeen good for us, but you have to understand that the French that is spoken by\nFrench-Canadians, although the language is written similarly to the French that\nis spoken in France, it is entirely a different accent. At times you have a\nproblem ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=2370.0,2400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"recognizing the language. My dad wisely enough recommended that we go\nand learn and go to school in English since we are, or were at the time,\nsurrounded by 220,000,000 English-speaking people, which included the United\nStates. He felt that eventually we may go to the United States--as we did--so we\nshould be educated in English. We could speak French at home ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=2400.0,2430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to keep our French.\nWe were placed in the Protestant schools. Again realize at the time that even\nthough Jewish children were allowed in Protestant schools, the Protestant school\nboard did not have Jews on the board. They had no representation on the school\nboard until many years later. But when we came ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=2430.0,2460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there was this division--one, you\nhad the French-Canadians who were primarily antisemitic . . . who were taught at\nthe time . . . there was a dictator by the name of Maurice Duplessis, Prime\nMinister of Quebec, who pretty much controlled as a dictator what was going to\nhappen . . . the church . . . the priest preached religion along with who they\nshould vote and elect in the government. It was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=2460.0,2490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not a very pleasant situation. I\nwent to a Jewish school to learn Yiddish, and on my way home from school . . .\nat that time the only residence that we could find that were available and what\nwe could afford was close to the eastern side of Montreal rather than in the\nwest--it was too expensive. I was attacked many times by ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=2490.0,2520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"French-Canadians when I\ncame home from Hebrew school especially carrying Hebrew books. Somehow they must\nhave known that I was either English or Jewish. I was attacked many times. It\nwas a serious problem at that time of antisemitism. On the other hand, if you\nlived in the west, which we did eventually because of this problem--we did not\nfeel the antisemitism as much as when you went into the east, or if you heard\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=2520.0,2550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the sermons by the French-Canadian priests and what was in the paper--besides,\nthe French-Canadians still are trying to--even to this day--are trying to\nseparate from the rest of Canada. The French-Canadians would like to have Quebec\nas an independent country. Charles de Gaulle's visit many years ago contributed\nto that problem by claiming, \"Vive le Quebec ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=2550.0,2580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"livre!\"--\"Long live the\nFrench-Canadians!\" . . . the Quebec . . . \"Free Quebec,\" I guess, would be a\ngood translation. There remains still this problem between the French-Canadians\nand the English. This is one of the reasons why we ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=2580.0,2610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"left to come to Atlanta. I\nwent to English high school . . . I studied at McGill, all in English. In McGill\nUniversity, even though this was now not French-Canadians, if you were Jewish .\n. . out of 1000 that you would need what was the equivalent of SATs--we call it\n'matriculation,' and it was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=2610.0,2640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"marked from 500 to 1,000. One thousand was the top\nmark--you needed a minimum of 800 to be able to go to school at McGill. But if\nyou were not Jewish you only needed 600, just to give you an idea of what was\ngoing on in those days. That fortunately has changed, but there was not only\nantisemitism from the French-Canadian side, but there was also rules and\nregulations for ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=2640.0,2670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jews within the Protestant schools.\n\nKENT: How did you process that for yourself, both in Europe and in Canada, that\nbeing Jewish has a negative meaning or is an oppressive condition. How did you\nsort that out?\n\nBARON: How did you deal with that?\n\nKENT: Did you take it personally, or what?\n\nBARON: You couldn't take it personally because you know that Jews have been\npersecuted for the last 2,000 years ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=2670.0,2700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and will always, unfortunately, be\npersecuted. As there are people in this world that are racist and will always be\nracist. All in all, the conditions--at least until we came here to\nAtlanta--where my experience, or my family's experience have been very little\nanitsemitism . . . we hear things, but nothing compared to Quebec, especially\nwith the French-Canadians. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=2700.0,2730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Even to today, not as bad and they don't attack the\nsynagogues, they don't go into the west, although they plant bombs to try to get\nthe English to leave. Now realize that when the French-Canadians came and\nchanged their government in the early 1960's, the new governments were very,\nvery favorable to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=2730.0,2760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"separate--they were really separatists. However, they did take\nit to the people in elections to see if they wanted to. Strangely enough the\nmajority of French-Canadians were wise enough to know that separation was not\nthe answer. They knew that they probably would not be able to survive in a small\nisland surrounded by all the English people, plus what was happening is that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=2760.0,2790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the\nEnglish . . . it was a brain drain . . . especially Jews were leaving Quebec in\nthe late 1960's. There are many still here in Atlanta, many French . . . many\nJewish doctors have moved from Montreal to here. A lot of the children were\nmoving from Montreal to Toronto and to Winnipeg. A lot of Jews left Montreal and\nthe population from 120,000 went down ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=2790.0,2820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to about 80,000 or 90,000, but was\naugmented by the incoming Moroccans. The Moroccans who left . . . not only\nMoroccans, but a lot of the Jews left Northern Africa and came to Montreal . . .\nbecause they spoke French but have established themselves as their own group.\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=2820.0,2850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The Moroccans keep together and have not really gotten involved or assimilated\nwith other Jews. They've got their own synagogues, their own everything, their\nown businesses . . . rather than assimilate. The other Jews did assimilate more\nand stick together, so that is pretty much one of the reasons why in 1970--I'm\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=2850.0,2880.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"going to backtrack again--I lived in France for a little bit I worked for an\nAmerican company out of Dallas that asked me to open up their European office\nand to take over as general manager for continental Europe, so I took my family\nfrom 1964 to 1966--we lived in Paris. We really enjoyed our stay there but\ndecided to come back to the United States to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=2880.0,2910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"try to get to the United States and\ndecided in 1970 after several bombings. The French-Canadians were trying to\nchase the English out of Montreal--the separatists planted bombs in some areas\nand one went off about a mile-and-one-half from our home. One was close to my\nparents' business, and we decided that it was time to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=2910.0,2940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"try to move the United\nStates. We took a tour of the United States by coming here to Atlanta where my\nwife's best friend had moved, had married an American and moved to Atlanta. We\nwent to California--my wife's both brothers--one lives in the Los Angeles area\nand one in San Francisco, actually Oakland area. We visited them and decided\nwhether we wanted to live in California ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=2940.0,2970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and chose Atlanta. That was our\nchoice--it was rather difficult to get papers to move in, but I was sponsored by\na local company that just started up and was looking for someone to head up\ntheir sales division--I was in the chemical industry at the time. Wisely enough,\nor lucky enough, we chose to come to Atlanta in 1970 ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=2970.0,3000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where we are still residing.\n\nKENT: When the war officially ended, what did that mean to you? What did it mean\nto your family?\n\nBARON: Everyone rejoiced at the time the war ended and especially officially it\nwas 1945 . . . 1944. At that time I was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=3000.0,3030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"nine going on ten--I was still young,\nbut my concern at the time more than anything else was trying to learn the\nlanguage, realizing that when we arrived in Canada none of us spoke English. I\nspoke maybe four words--yes, no, no, yes--and as I mentioned, my dad was wise\nenough to place us in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=3030.0,3060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"English-speaking school, but I still had to learn English.\nAlso, it goes back now . . . it seems kind of funny . . . I wore knickers at the\ntime or whatever was given to us, and came to this little school, I remember,\nand I didn't speak any English. Children, being children, made fun of me, and I\nwas short at the time--I was tiny. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=3060.0,3090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Somebody asked me if I was a midget--I still\nremember that--they called me midget in school because I was short. But many\npeople can relate to that.\n\nKENT: Was there any talk with your parents once the war was over, to move back\nto France and try to reclaim your home, and so on?\n\nBARON: There was this discussion about it. Yet by the time we had been in\nCanada for a few months, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=3090.0,3120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I guess my dad felt comfortable and thought that he\nwould still like to go to the United States and try to get papers, then my\nsister came back after a few months to join us, so we were a family again. They\nhad talked about going back, and yet never made . . .\n\nKENT: There was so much resistance amongst the locals, the news . . .\n\nBARON: . . . and yet never made any attempts to return, that I know of. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=3120.0,3150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We were\nin a free country. I think that when people come to live from Europe, especially\nhere in the United States, or Canada, the difference, the freedom, regardless\nwhether there's antisemitism or not, because there's antisemitism everywhere, if\nwe would go back to France, we'd have the same problem there. The vast\npopulation of France ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=3150.0,3180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that much empathy for Jews especially after the Algerians\nstarted coming in. But he chose to remain, decided that he was going to make his\nlife in Quebec, and eventually tried to move to the United States, which never\nhappened. His sister came to visit us in Montreal, remained, and that was the\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=3180.0,3210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"first time that I met our family that were Americans, who spoke English, but we\nseemed to be happy living in . . . we moved from the small apartment to a larger\napartment on Park Avenue in Montreal, which was not like Park Avenue in New\nYork, but that was the name of the street. It was a rather nice location, nice\nsection. I went to school ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=3210.0,3240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and was then, after a while, accepted like all other\nchildren. But as far as learning English, as children, it's amazing how fast it\ncomes to children--foreign languages. Where for my parents it was more difficult\nfor them to learn English, but they were able to converse or conduct a lot of\ntheir business in French, in the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=3240.0,3270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"part of the area of Montreal where they had\ntheir store there were French-Canadians, but these were different types who were\nmore educated, who assimilated with the English, and became part of that\npopulation. In their store that my parents eventually had . . . because they\nwent back into business like they did in France . . . they had a lot of\nFrench-Canadians and English-speaking and Jewish-speaking customers, which was\nkind of interesting even though they were ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=3270.0,3300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in a part of Montreal called\n'Westmount,' which was predominantly English-speaking--a little bit compared to\nAtlanta would be in the Buckhead area, just to give you an idea of the type of\narea they had their store in.\n\nKENT: When did you learn about what had happened in Europe, to the Jews\nespecially? When did the information hit you?\n\nBARON: As a child, it didn't ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=3300.0,3330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"faze me that much because I didn't really\nunderstand it, but as soon as the news--I was reading papers--my dad used to\nread at that time the Forward which was the Jewish paper coming from New York.\nMy dad was involved in Zionist organizations because until 1948 we still didn't\nhave Israel, we didn't have a country or anywhere to even think about, but we\nknew that there was going to be something done. My dad was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=3330.0,3360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a Zionist . . . we\nknew, or I guess we learned, of the atrocities that happened in Europe, and\nGermany especially, of the death of 6,000,000 Jews . . .\n\nKENT: Did you have extended family that was unaccounted for?\n\nBARON: My G-d, yes. We had found out that most of the family that remained in\nPoland--that means my grandparents on both ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=3360.0,3390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sides--perished in the Holocaust. My\ndad--let me see--he had a sister . . . my dad didn't have a very large family\nlike my mom, where she was of ten, but just some of the cousins . . . but most\nof my uncles and my aunts were able to save themselves. One of my cousins, he\nwas taken with his brother--his brother was shot while trying to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=3390.0,3420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"escape--he\nescaped, and we still communicate. He lives in Paris, and we still visit each\nother. But apart from that . . . by now most of my family is gone, but it was\nreally the grandparents, both on my mother's side, were wise enough that when .\n. . even in the time before the war . . . this was even before the war when they\nhad the pogroms . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=3420.0,3450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they were wise enough to send their children away. My\ngrandfather . . . I don't know much about my grandparents on my father's side .\n. . he never really talked much about them because he left as a youngster and\nnever saw them again, but my on my mother's side my grandfather was a rav --he\nwas a teacher--and he was smart enough to send all his children. Some ended up .\n. . I even had some cousins and aunts in Argentina . . . how they got there, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=3450.0,3480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I\ndon't know, but somehow they made their way to Argentina. I had an aunt and a\ncousin in Belgium. We were kind of scattered all over the world, in essence.\n\nKENT: I want to focus more on you again. Could you describe yourself as a\nteenager when you started to develop yourself more? What kind of person were\nyou, what were your interests, how did you decide ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=3480.0,3510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what you were going to do with\nyour life?\n\nBARON: Until I became a teenager, my interests were two-fold. One, I sang at\nthe time in the choir at the Beth David synagogue in Montreal. I had thought of\ngoing into show business, of becoming a singer. Then my parents suggested that I\ngo into pharmacy. This is ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=3510.0,3540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"while I'm in high school, but my main interest at the\ntime was sports. I was really an athlete--I still think I am to this day. I\nwanted to become a professional skier, which I did to an extent. I did some\nracing, but after I met Rita she thought it was not a good idea to go into\nracing and take the risk, especially ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=3540.0,3570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when you don't have the funds that it takes\nto become a world champion. I decided to just become a ski instructor. I taught\nmostly children--I had children's classes--but my interest was in sports.\n\nKENT: Talk about how you met your wife and what that was like in the beginning.\n\nBARON: I met my wife when I was 18 years old. I was working and going to school\nat night. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=3570.0,3600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I did not have enough money at the time. The problem in Canada is we\nonly a choice of two or three universities. It wasn't like in the States where\nmost of the people I know went off to college--away from their home. In Canada\nthere was really no place to go--you couldn't get at that time into the United\nStates, and Montreal really only had two or three colleges. One was\nFrench-Canadian, which was Montreal University, and McGill, which is\nworld-renowned, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=3600.0,3630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"especially for medicine, and Sir George Williams College. I\nelected to go into business school at McGill, which you could do at night. You\ncould work during the day and study at night--same thing with accounting. I\nended up doing accounting first, not liking accounting and went straight into\nbusiness. At that time as I mentioned earlier, I was a singer entertainer. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=3630.0,3660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I\nentertained at a 'Y' dance, and while entertaining, I guess my wife thought she\nliked what she saw. She introduced herself while on a Sunday morning at the\n'Y'--we gathered at the 'Y,' which is the equivalent here of the Jewish\nCommunity Center. In Montreal we called it the 'YMHA.' ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=3660.0,3690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I met my wife and it was\njust before her seventeenth birthday. She was just finishing high school, as a\nmatter of fact I remember helping her, especially with the French which she was\nhaving problems with, and you could not matriculate or get your high school\ndegree without passing French, believe it or not, and that's where I excelled.\nThank G-d that they had French because that's where I had my best marks. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=3690.0,3720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"My wife\ninvited me to come to a sleigh ride party. found out that that sleigh ride party\nwas on her seventeenth birthday. That was really our first date, the seventeenth\nbirthday. My G-d, so many years ago . . . but I can tell you that my wife is\ngoing to be 66 in February, so you can get it--it's going to be nearly 50 years\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=3720.0,3750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"since we first known each other. We grew up together from that time--there was\nno wealth in either of our families, so whatever we've accomplished we've more\nor less done it together. As I mentioned, I went through school by working and\ngoing to school at night. My wife worked at that time as ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=3750.0,3780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a bookkeeper doing\noffice work in an insurance company. I went to work for a tire company that the\nowner was a friend of our family. It was easier for me to be able to study\nbecause at times I had to go to school during the day, so I remained with the\ntire company until it was sold. In 1963 I went to work for an American chemical\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=3780.0,3810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"company--a company called National Chemsearch out of Dallas--they were actually\nin Irving, which is a suburb of Dallas. I was their first successful salesman in\nCanada. It was fortunate that I was able to converse both in French--I was fully\nbilingual--I was really able to speak even though I was really never educated in\nFrench, there was some of my education was within the curriculum of my high\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=3810.0,3840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"school--you have to learn French--we spoke it at home at that time, now we\nsomehow converse only in English, but this is pretty much my background,\neducation, work. This company that I worked for--National Chemsearch--sent me to\nEurope for a couple of years with our family which was a great, great\nexperience. Gave us the opportunity, especially my wife, to travel throughout\nEurope . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=3840.0,3870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"things that we could never do working here in Canada or in this\ncountry, to be able to take a month off . . . take a month vacation. We placed\nour children in a Swiss camp while we toured Italy and France, but we felt that\nafter two years . . . at least I was advised at that time that if you stay in\nEurope too long you become kind of the European expert and you have a problem\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=3870.0,3900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"coming back to this country. It was still a problem, because when I came back\nthey had another sales manager. I started up another company, and eventually got\ntired of traveling. My background education is marketing. I decided to become a\nmarketing manager for a company including sales, which was a local Montreal\ncompany in the sanitation and chemical business called 'Avmor,' which is one of\nthe major janitorial and chemical supply ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=3900.0,3930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"companies in Montreal. But we decided\nthat we wanted to move.\n\nThe main reason really for moving from Montreal to the United States was\nweather. Living in Paris for a couple of years, which is similar to Atlanta in\nterms of weather, we may get two to three inches of snow or no snow at all\nthrough the winter. When you come back--which if you've never lived in Montreal\nyou have not experienced winter--which is another ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=3930.0,3960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"problem. really was a problem\nfor our parents who had to put up with snow and snowstorms--days that you\ncouldn't leave the house--a foot of snow or more is a lot of snow. We decided to\nmove to Atlanta, one of the motivating factors that made us move to Atlanta was\nweather. We loved Atlanta. When we moved in 1970, Atlanta had a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=3960.0,3990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"population of\nabout 1,000,000, had decent schooling, unfortunately didn't have too many places\nto eat, but if you can't eat in restaurants, you cook at home. Fortunately my\nwife is a good cook. But Atlanta was really a nice city to live in. It still is,\nbut I think it's become overcrowded with the population ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=3990.0,4020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"reaching 4,000,000 and\nnot providing enough roads or enough ways of getting around. Public\ntransportation in Montreal . . . even though Montreal only had 2,500,000 people\n. . . they have fantastic transportation--you can go just about anywhere on the\nsubway, they have city buses that come by every 10, 15 minutes, where here\nsometimes you can wait half an hour, an hour for a bus. I know very few people\nin Atlanta that travel by bus . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=4020.0,4050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"unfortunately it's a car city--everybody has\none, two and three, family cars.\n\nKENT: In terms of culture, I assume you didn't have a whole lot of contact with\nblack people until you came to America. I'm guessing that in Montreal there\nprobably wasn't a real large black population. What was that like for you to be\nintroduced to another type of cultural group?\n\nBARON: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=4050.0,4080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"At that time the only problem I had was that I couldn't understand the\nlanguage. Their accent was so heavy at the time and until I got used to it, it\nwas a problem of communication. But the encounter I had with blacks mostly was\nin business. The company that I was with and the other company that I eventually\nmade my career at had many blacks working, and surprising enough I didn't see as\nmuch ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=4080.0,4110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"racism as I had been forewarned. When I was telling people we were moving\nto Atlanta . . . you asked about the relationship . . . in Canada, the blacks\nwere mostly from the islands. There was very little racism against blacks in\nCanada--there were blacks on the football team, but most of them were, as I\nmentioned, from the islands. Our TV repair man was a Jamaican and he came to our\nhome, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=4110.0,4140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and as anybody else, drank my wine, sat with us and talked. When I told\nhim that we were moving to Atlanta, he said,\" Oh, my G-d.\" I said, \"Don't you\nwant to come and visit?\" He said, \"I would never go there. The stories you hear\nabout killing blacks . . .\" From what I saw here, it was a little overblown. On\nthe other hand, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=4140.0,4170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Atlanta was really divided into two areas like Montreal. If you\nwere going south of Atlanta, it was primarily black, if you're going north of\nAtlanta it was primarily white, and there was a difference that you could feel.\nBut it was said at one time that \"Atlanta was too busy to hate\" --there was some\ntruth to it. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=4170.0,4200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The blacks were not as militant here as I noticed or experienced\neven in Chicago or most other cities. Except as Atlanta grew and as more blacks\nmoved down to Atlanta from the north, I think Atlanta blacks became a little\nmore militant. But what's happened in the last few years is that the blacks are\nassimilating now into the white population. From what I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=4200.0,4230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"read and what I learned\nis that the area now known as 'Grant Park' is where a lot of the Jewish\npopulation started. Then they moved north, they moved away. Now they're coming\nback, including my son who lives in Grant Park. I think we have found . . . the\nonly problem I can see in Atlanta is not the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=4230.0,4260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"racism problem . . . there is\nunderlying . . . there are some problems . . . I don't want to get into it . . .\n\nKENT: What were your impressions, what were your experiences with Jewish\nsub-culture when you first came here? What was it like in 1970?\n\nBARON: One of the things that we recognized at the time . . . we wanted to join\na synagogue and found that one . . . we were first . . . because my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=4260.0,4290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"wife did not\nhave the Hebrew education that I had and did not know Hebrew or to pray in\nHebrew . . . she had never gone to a Jewish school. We felt that for her sake .\n. . I didn't mind going to a Reform synagogue. In Montreal we'd never want to\nhear of it. Here somehow we decided that we might think about it, but we talked\nto one at the AA. I was told that AA was only for rich Jews, and the Jews who .\n. . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=4290.0,4320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"he said you'd never be able to mix in with them. Then we talked to one of\nthe rabbis at Temple Sinai --who had just started Temple Sinai--which is a\nReform synagogue . . . did not make us very welcome, as I found when I called\nMrs. Eloise Shurgin, who was the administrator at the Temple. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=4320.0,4350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"She invited us to\na service and greeted us and we couldn't have been any more welcome. We decided\nthat's where we would join and where my son went to Sunday school, even though\nwe'd settled at that time in the North Lake area because my business was in\nStone Mountain. But the Southern Jews--I find that even to today--if you're not\nborn in Atlanta ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=4350.0,4380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or have lived here for many years, you're not as readily\naccepted, you're still somehow not part of that clique--it's still very\ncliquish. The Temple had most of the German Jews on the board, and old-timers\nwho had started it, and the same with the AA. I think that that's changed over\nthe years because Atlanta's grown so rapidly. When I came ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=4380.0,4410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to Atlanta, we had\nabout 30,000 Jews. Today it's more like 100,000. For Jews that's a big\ndifference. When we had three or four synagogues back then--we had Shearith\nIsrael, too, I forgot--now we probably have about 20. We have Chabad here--I\nmean, I was up in Alpharetta and I saw this sign \"Chabad of Alpharetta.\" I'm\namazed and I'm pleased by what I'm seeing, how the Jewish community has become .\n. . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=4410.0,4440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I just went to the Jewish theater at the Jewish Community Center. The\nbuilding that was built is just incredible, but again what's happening here is\nthat they're building for the younger Jews who have moved north of I-285, so\nwhat's happened is that the older Jews that are in town are really left without\nservice from the Jewish . . . we do have a Jewish Federation, but we don't have\na Jewish community center for the older ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=4440.0,4470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jews, for the Russian Jews that have\nmoved here who are more or less in town--they're just not going to go to Tilly\nMill Road, so that is another little problem. I'm not sure who was really behind\n. . . again, it's the money people that are pretty much Atlantans--original\nAtlantans--that are funding and really creating these great facilities, but I\nthink they've forgotten a lot of the . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=4470.0,4500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"fortunately we don't have a problem\nwith that, but people who can't afford to join any of the clubs or travel that\nfar, I think it's a bit of a problem right now.\n\nEINSTEIN: When you lived in Paris, did you ever try to re-trace any part of your\njourney to Spain, because I know that as a child . . . to kind of bring into\nmore reality?\n\nBARON: Realize at the time that I went to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=4500.0,4530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"France to work . . . first, I was\nyoung. I was just barely 30. My main thrust was really to create a\ncompany--there was nothing there--to work and build up this company, so I didn't\nhave the opportunity immediately to travel, or research, or go through that\ntrip. We did go to Nancy ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=4530.0,4560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where I was born. Or course, I didn't remember it\nvividly because I left as a child, but I did know where our home was and my\nparents' store, but it wasn't there anymore. Now instead of our house on our\nstreet was this 30-story building, and shops and stores, as you know what's\nhappening these days--everything mushrooms. What I knew or what I remembered as\na child was not these anymore, except part of our ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=4560.0,4590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"family had come back. My aunt\nwho had been in Toulouse and had hidden us stayed in France during the war in\nhiding and then went back to Nancy. They had not gone to Spain. So we visited\nwith them. Then I had the opportunity one day to go to Luchon. I thought I would\ngo and visit the little villa that we were hidden in. This was in 1960 . . .\nlate 1964 I went down there, I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=4590.0,4620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"guess. The gentleman--Mr. Calvé--C-A-L-V-E--was\nnow residing in that little villa of his, where he had a summer kitchen\nadjoining the house--that was no longer a summer kitchen--this was now a garage\nfor his car. You can see the change just in those few years, from 1944 to\n1964--in 20 years, everything had changed. Our ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=4620.0,4650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"garden that was there was not\nthere anymore. This was now a beautiful driveway. That huge tree that was in the\nmiddle was gone, and it was now a paved and stone area, so it had changed. But\nwhen I mentioned to this elderly gentleman, who was now close to 80 or older,\nthat I was the youngest of the Baron children, I thought he was going to\nfaint--it was like he had seen a ghost. He wasn't really sure what had happened\nto ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=4650.0,4680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"us--he didn't think that he would ever see anybody in our family, so that was\nkind of a joyous occasion . . . to see the little village we were in. It was\nquite an interesting village--the top of the area of Luchon-de-Bagneres was one\nof the better ski resorts in the Pyrenees area, although the skiing is not all\nthat great because it's not high enough. It's also a major spa, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=4680.0,4710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with natural\nsprings where people go to become younger, I guess--rejuvenate. The only thing I\nremember is that it smelled of sulfur because of that water, wherever it came from.\n\nKENT: Do you have any sense of how those four or five years during the war--how\nthat has affected you or colored your values and your mind, and so on, afterwards?\n\nBARON: I don't know . . . the only impact it had, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=4710.0,4740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I guess, is I became--as I\ngrew older, and especially in my later years and since I've retired--I've become\nmore interested in the Holocaust and what's happened. If you notice on my shelf\nup there I have many books that have been written on the Holocaust because I\nreally wanted to reassure myself as to what really happened and why. What\nhappened in . . . in France . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=4740.0,4770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"how many were rescued, how many went to Spain.\nThere have been books written on what happened and why Franco . . . and how he\ngot involved with Jews and with the Holocaust. There is a book on that subject\nwritten by a rabbi by the name of 'Lipschitz.' I have become more interested in\nit now. I do lecture or speak to high school children to tell them about my\nstory and also to tell them about ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=4770.0,4800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"some of the heroes and about some of the\nRighteous amongst the Nations, to let them know that the Holocaust--even though\nit was really atrocities . . . when you say 'Holocaust,' you relate . . . they\nhave to know that there were also people there who tried to rescue Jews, who\nsome were lucky enough to be able to escape and hide as we did. They have to\nknow that there were many different sides, but not to forget that 6,000,000 Jews\nwere ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=4800.0,4830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"murdered along with Gypsies and people that were just not suitable to the\nGerman race. But I don't think it had a real effect on our lives, as such. We\ntried to be like most people we grew up with . . . our friends . . . we're\ninterested in, and we donate to the arts and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=4830.0,4860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if you look around my home, we have\nquite a bit of art. We love the arts, we love the symphony and the theater, and\nAtlanta really has it all. This is one of the reasons we plan to retire mostly\nand remain in Atlanta rather than go to Florida or else Arizona.\n\nKENT: You mentioned that your father had been a Zionist. Had there ever been any\nconsideration of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=4860.0,4890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"moving to Israel once there was an Israel? How much involvement\nwith that part of the world have you had?\n\nBARON: Although my dad always spoke about Israel and Yerushalayim,\nunfortunately my dad became sick at the time when he was planning to go to\nIsrael, and died at a young age of a disease called ALS--amyotrophic lateral\nsclerosis ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=4890.0,4920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"--probably one of the worst neurological diseases that anybody can be\ninflicted with. I have questioned as to why him, especially with what he did to\nsave his family. I've always considered my dad a hero amongst my heroes, to be\nable to accomplish at the age of 38 what he was able to do to save his family. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=4920.0,4950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I\nhave a problem with dealing with that to an extent.\n\nKENT: Did you share the same values . . .\n\nBARON: Getting back to what you were saying about Israel . . . I'm still\nthinking . . . he had wanted to go to visit Israel, but we had . . . no family\never went to Israel. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=4950.0,4980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Most of them went back to France, some were here in the\nUnited States, Belgium, and I have cousins in England. None actually ended up in\nIsrael. We . . . my dad talked about going to visit but never talked about going\nthere to live. But in 1967 after the Six-Day War, I then made plans to go to\nIsrael, at least on my dad's behalf ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=4980.0,5010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because he wasn't able to go, and then Rita\nand I decided to go to Israel. But we never had any plans to move to Israel, I\nthink, because of what we went through--such difficult times--why go to another\ncountry where living is not easy. Let's face it, it's hard, and the contribution\n. . . the only thing that I can do for Israel ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=5010.0,5040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is donate, which I have for as\nlong as I can remember . . . still realize that if Israel had been in existence\nprior to the Second World War rather than after the war, probably a multitude of\nJews would have been saved. I'm sure we might have made plans because when we\nwere in Spain, we were at that time invited to go to Israel, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=5040.0,5070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and many of the\npeople who had crossed the mountain ended up going to Israel. But my dad . . .\nhis plans were to go the United States to be where his sister is. This is how we\nended up here.\n\nKENT: Can you also talk about your kids and what it's meant to you to have children.\n\nBARON: Of course I can start talking about my children. Unfortunately, I do\nhave a daughter that is mentally ill. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=5070.0,5100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Fortunately she is now balanced and with\nmedication is able to live on her own. She has an apartment, and she has her own\ncar, and she's now part of a foundation--actually a group called Skyland Trail\nwhich is a program of the Georgia West Mental Health Foundation, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=5100.0,5130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which I had\nbeen asked last year when I retired to join their board since I'm involved with\nmental illness. She functions now on her own but is not able to work, so we have\nto support her. Then I have a son on the other end who's a neurologist who is\naffiliated with the Emory Medical School ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=5130.0,5160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"doing research on Parkinson's disease\n--why he chose Parkinson's, I still don't really know. It's not the most\npleasant disease, but he is doing research on Parkinson's and doing some\nclinical work at Emory, and he is blessed with two children. I have a grandson\nwho's five and a granddaughter who's a little over a year and until you've\nexperienced what being grandparents, it's hard to explain. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=5160.0,5190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's pretty much\nwhat we live for now and what we make plans is for their future. We hope that we\ncan live long enough to see it accomplished, but we are providing today knowing\nhow expensive it is to go to college now . . . imagine what it's going to be\nlike 15 years from now. We are providing, helping and putting away for their\neducation primarily.\n\nKENT: With your mom, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=5190.0,5220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about how long did she live and how much did you share\nmemories, and so on, with her?\n\nBARON: Unfortunately my mom passed away not too long after my dad. My dad\npassed away in 1964 at the time when I was in Europe. I had just arrived knowing\nthat he was going to pass away. They felt--including my dad--that the\nopportunity I had in Europe . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=5220.0,5250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I should definitely go and take advantage of\nthis opportunity because it may not come again. We elected to go, and after we\nwere there he did pass away. My mom lived about . . . she got cancer, on top of\nthat . . . she never smoked, got lung cancer . . . we feel that maybe it was\nfrom my dad--he was a heavy smoker--so she might have gotten second-hand smoke\nfrom him . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=5250.0,5280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"she got cancer of the lungs and passed away . . . she must have\nsurvived about eight years after my dad passed away. She lived in\nMontreal--after my dad passed away she went to live with my sister and stayed\nwith her so she shouldn't live alone and came to visit us here in Atlanta when\nmy son was bar mitzvahed . . . she had just come that year. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=5280.0,5310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Unfortunately, we\ndidn't really have enough time to sit down with my mother to discuss the war\nyears. But we felt that we were able to learn enough from reading . . . my\nsister was a little bit older, so when my sister came back from Detroit to live\nin Montreal . . . later on in years I sat and discussed the war years with my\nsister. She told me also ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=5310.0,5340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about some of the things that did happen and that\nexperience with the Gestapo agent. She told us what had happened and how we were\nable to get away, about her misleading them and just leading them astray. I\nlearned from her . . .\n\nKENT: You said you were too young during the actual war to appreciate what was\ngoing on. Later on when you grew up and you had the maturity and you had more\ninformation, too, how did you process it then, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=5340.0,5370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"especially considering how\nunusually lucky your family was?\n\nBARON: You know something is that when you grow up and were in a foreign\ncounty, as I was . . . it's strange enough . . . I wasn't really concerned at\nthat time with what had happened. I was more looking towards what the future's\ngoing to bring rather than what had happened, and knowing that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=5370.0,5400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I was fortunate,\nthat we were alive, that we have survived that Holocaust period and not gotten\ncaught--that was foremost on my mind. Because of what happened, I did become\ninvolved with Zionist organizations, there were groups . . . the Young Zionists\nof Canada and I was part of . . . but as I mentioned earlier, my main interest\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=5400.0,5430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at that time sports. I was more interested, one, I played high school\nfootball--I mean soccer--we didn't have football we had soccer . . . being from\nEurope and having a soccer ball on your feet. I joined a soccer team, a\nthree-championship team and then played for a little while I played semi-pro\nsoccer, but I really wanted to go to school and study, so I gave that idea up ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=5430.0,5460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of\nbecoming a professional soccer player and decided to be a skier instead. But my\nmain interests really were . . . I was very strong, a very ardent sportsman . .\n. I still am, until this year was the first year I haven't skied . . . now I'm\nmore into golf . . . as you get older you kind of switch to . . . I played\nracquetball for many years. Never played tennis--I've had tennis elbow, never\nplayed ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=5460.0,5490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"tennis.\n\nEINSTEIN: You volunteer at the Breman Museum. As you said you're a speaker to\nstudents who come. Why is it important for you to speak to these young people?\nWhat do you hope they take away from your talks with them?\n\nBARON: I think they have to realize ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=5490.0,5520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"how fortunate they are to be living in a\nfree, democratic country, and how they can grow up here in total peace, that\nthey can achieve . . . work as hard as they want to work and be able to achieve.\nWe didn't have that opportunity--growing up as a child. A snack, believe it or\nnot, was half an apple. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=5520.0,5550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Realizing that the hardships that I had growing up--it\nwas a hardship, even though I didn't realize it--I really realized it in later\nage--that the opportunity even that my grandchildren have, that we didn't have\nthose opportunities. But as a result, positively, we grew up faster. We matured\nfaster than I find the children today . . . I'm not saying ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=5550.0,5580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/187","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that they're spoiled,\nbut they surely have it a lot easier than we had. But I think that these\nchildren that I speak to have to realize that there were tough times for other\nchildren and other people during the war days, especially Jews. That's really\nwhat we want to convey to them--a message of what happened and especially when\nwe have a lot black kids and we talk about racism . . . they would have been\nincluded in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=5580.0,5610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/188","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Holocaust . . . not realizing that the Nazis went after gays,\nthey went after Gypsies . . . not only Jews, but blacks were not part of their\nwhite, \"Aryan\" community. I think it's important for them to know that, whether\nthey really care that much I don't know, but I think we have to tell them the\nstory. Again, the reason I think we've kept alive ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=5610.0,5640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/189","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"these Holocaust stories is so\nthat we shouldn't forget--it shouldn't happen again.\n\nKENT: Let me ask you one last question. Your father has been a real hero to\nyou--what qualities about him have you tried to deliberately keep alive in yourself?\n\nBARON: I don't know. You can say \"Like father, like son\" . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=5640.0,5670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/190","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"although I found\nthat my dad was not aggressive--as I am--because things were tough growing up,\nas I said, a snack was a half an apple. My parents couldn't afford to give me 25\ncents to get a hot dog--I would buy just a bun. Things that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=5670.0,5700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were tough growing\nup and we realized it. A football to me was a schmatta ball. A schmatta ball was\na sock that you filled with old rags and that's what we played touch football\nwith. We couldn't afford a 'pigskin.' We realize that things are different. As a\nresult my dad, as I said, was not as aggressive as I thought I was. I thought\nthat I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=5700.0,5730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"wanted to achieve more, I wanted to get educated--he didn't have that\nopportunity--I wanted to make enough money so that my family, and my children\nwhen I had them, could live comfortably. This is really a little bit of\ndifference. What I learned from him is wanting to be a good Jew and respect my\nreligion and my people. If there's a need and any Jews that need money, that I\nshould be there ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=5730.0,5760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/193","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to help them, which I have. We have adopted a Russian family,\nthank G-d in the ten years they have been here I'm amazed by their achievements,\nby their hard work. This is what I do besides lecturing. I hope that I can do\nsome help, financially especially, to the needy.\n\nKENT: Is there anything else you'd like to add that we haven't brought up?\n\nBARON: I don't think so. I just want to thank you for the opportunity for\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=5760.0,5790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/transcript/24596/annotation/194","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"presenting my story.\n\nKENT: Thank you.\n\nBARON: Thank you for your time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=5790.0,5820.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/annotation_set/447","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Annotations [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/annotation_set/447/annotation/195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAn abbreviation of Geheime Staatspolizei, which means “Secret State Police.”  It was established in 1934 and placed under Heinrich Himmler.  With virtually unlimited powers, it was highly feared.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=240.0,270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/annotation_set/447/annotation/196","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eVichy France, known officially as the French State (État français), was the government headed by Marshal Philippe Petain (French: Pétain) from July 1940, after the Germans invaded France, until September 1944, when the Allies liberated France. An armistice signed in June 1940 divided France into two zones: one under German military occupation and one left under French sovereignty (the Vichy government). Although it was officially neutral, Vichy France collaborated closely with Germany. The Vichy government was complicit with German racial policies, aiding and cooperating with the detainment and deportation of Jews from both occupied and unoccupied France.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=330.0,360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/annotation_set/447/annotation/197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePhilippe Petain rose to prominence as a general during World War I and later became Marshal of France and then Chief of State of Vichy, France.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=360.0,390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/annotation_set/447/annotation/198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePierre Laval served as Prime Minister of France from January 1931 to February 1932 and was the head of another government from June 1935 to January 1936.  Although he began his political career as a socialist, he became far right politically and served in the Vichy Regime following France’s surrender and armistice with Germany in 1940.  Laval served under Philippe Petain and signed orders allowing Jews to be deported from France to German extermination camps.  Laval was arrested by the government of Charles de Gaulle in 1944 after France was liberated.  He was executed by firing squad after being convicted of high treason.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=360.0,390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/annotation_set/447/annotation/199","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCharles de Gaulle led French forces during World War II as a general.  In 1958, he founded the French Fifth Republic, which replaced the previous government, and served as president from 1959 to 1969.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=360.0,390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/annotation_set/447/annotation/200","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Axis alliance formed between Germany, Italy and Japan during World War II with the goals of expanding territories, defeating the Allied forces (France, Poland, Great Britain, and later the United States) and destroying Soviet Communism.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=570.0,600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/annotation_set/447/annotation/201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Pyrenees is a range of mountains in southwest Europe that forms a natural border between France and Spain.  It separates the Iberian Peninsula from the rest of continental Europe, and extends for about 305 miles from the Bay of Biscay to the Mediterranean Sea.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=600.0,630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/annotation_set/447/annotation/202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThis gentleman’s name is Mr. Calve.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=600.0,630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/annotation_set/447/annotation/203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Breman Museum owns the Albert Baron Family Papers collection including images of the Baron family and the children in France (see ABF 406).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=600.0,630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/annotation_set/447/annotation/204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOn December 7, 1941 the Japanese surprised the United States by attacking the United States’ fleet in Honolulu, Hawaii. The ships were all docked in Pearl Harbor. The surprise attack on Pearl Harbor was the beginning of World War II for the United States, which until that time had remained neutral.  A few days later, Germany declared war on the United States as well and we began fighting in the Pacific and Europe.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=630.0,660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/annotation_set/447/annotation/205","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe “Righteous Amongst the Nations,” or “Righteous Gentiles” is a title used by the State of Israel to honor non-Jews who risked their lives and the lives of their families to help save Jews during the Holocaust.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=810.0,840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/annotation_set/447/annotation/206","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Basques live in the region around the western end of the Pyrenees on the coast of the Bay of Biscay and across parts of north-central Spain and south-western France.  They are an indigenous ethnic group who speak Basque and today have some autonomy in the Southern Basque Country in Spain.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=900.0,930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/annotation_set/447/annotation/207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Spanish Civil War began in 1936 and was fought between those loyal to the democratically elected Spanish Republic (Republicans) and a rebel group led by General Francisco Franco (Nationalists).  The Nationalists were supported by Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy, while the Republicans were supported by the Soviet Union and Mexico.  The Nationalists were victorious in 1939, and Franco established a fascist dictatorship after the war.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=900.0,930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/annotation_set/447/annotation/208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAndorra is the sixth smallest nation in Europe and is located in the eastern Pyrenees Mountains and bordered by Spain and France.  During the Second World War, Andorra was neutral and became a smuggling route between Vichy France and Spain.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=1020.0,1050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/annotation_set/447/annotation/209","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe World Jewish Congress began in Geneva, Switzerland in August 1936 as an international group of Jewish communities and organizations.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=1140.0,1170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/annotation_set/447/annotation/210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFrancisco Franco was born in El Ferrol, Spain in 1892.  He joined the Spanish military 1907 at 14 years old and by 1939 had become dictator of Spain after leading an uprising against the presiding administration after the Spanish Civil War.  During World War II, Franco sided with the Axis alliance although Spain did not directly commit their military to the war effort.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=1230.0,1260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/annotation_set/447/annotation/211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe 32nd President of the United States and a central figure in world events during the mid-twentieth century, leading the United States through a time of worldwide economic crisis and war.  Popularly known as ‘FDR,’ he collapsed and died in his home in in Warm Springs, Georgia just a few months before the end of the war.  He was a Democrat.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=1380.0,1410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/annotation_set/447/annotation/212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e‘Kindertransport’ is the name given to a series of rescue missions that assisted Jewish children in leaving Nazi-occupied Europe.  The United Kingdom took in nearly 10,000 predominantly Jewish children from Nazi Germany and the occupied territories of Austria, and ex-Czechoslovakia.  The children were placed in British foster homes, hostels, and on farms.  Some transports were organized by Oeuvre de Secours aux Enfants (OSE) in France where German-Jewish children were put up in a series of OSE children’s homes.  When the Germans occupied France, the 144 children, in two separate transports, were smuggled out of France into Portugal where they caught a ship to the United States.  The first transport left on June 21, 1941 and the second on September 1, 1941.  Altogether the OSE sheltered and assisted in getting nearly 1,600 Jewish children out Nazi-occupied areas.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=1410.0,1440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/annotation_set/447/annotation/213","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGerman authorities gave a decree on May 29, 1942 that all Jewish people living in occupied France must wear a yellow Star of David.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=1440.0,1470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/annotation_set/447/annotation/214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHIAS [Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society] was founded in 1881.  Its original purpose was the help the constant flow of Jewish immigrants from Russian in relocating.  During and after World War II, they had offices throughout Europe, South and Central America and the Far East.  They worked to get Jews out of Europe and to any country that would have them by providing tickets and information about visas.  After World War II, they assisted 167,000 Jews to leave DP camps and emigrate elsewhere.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=1470.0,1500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/annotation_set/447/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMarc Chagall was born in Belarus in 1887.  He moved to Paris in 1910 to pursue a career as a patmosinter.  Some of Chagall’s work was deemed too modern and was confiscated and burned by the Germans during World War II.  Chagall and his family escaped Europe in 1941 and arrived in New York where he stayed until moving back to Paris in 1948.  Many of Chagall’s paintings had Jewish themes, and in 1960, Chagall created a series of stained-glass windows for the synagogue at Hebrew University.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=1500.0,1530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/annotation_set/447/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eNone is Too Many: Canada and the Jews of Europe, 1933-1948 by Irving M. Abella and Harold Troper (University of Toronto Press, 1983).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=1560.0,1590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/annotation_set/447/annotation/217","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWilliam Lyon Mackenzie King, also known as ‘Mackenzie King,’ was Prime Minister of Canada from the 1920’s to the 1940’s.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=1560.0,1590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/annotation_set/447/annotation/218","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHebrew: Pesach, refers to the anniversary of Israel’s liberation from Egyptian bondage.  The holiday lasts for eight days.  Unleavened bread, matzot, is eaten in memory of the unleavened bread prepared by the Israelite during their hasty flight from Egypt, when they had not time to wait for the dough to rise.  On the first two nights of Passover, the seder, the central event of the holiday is celebrated.  The seder service is one of the most colorful and joyous occasions in Jewish life.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=1680.0,1710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/annotation_set/447/annotation/219","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Azores are a group of nine volcanic Islands in the North Atlantic Ocean and is an autonomous region of Portugal.  During World War II, the British Royal Air Force, United States Air Force and Navy used the Azores for aerial coverage in the Mid-Atlantic region and to attack German U-Boats.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=1710.0,1740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/annotation_set/447/annotation/220","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGerman: U-Boot, which stands for ‘Unterseeboot,’ or undersea boat.  The term ‘U-boat’ refers to military submarines operated by Germany in World War I and World War II.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=1770.0,1800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/annotation_set/447/annotation/221","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHebrew: slaughterer.  A shochet is a person who has been trained to slaughter animals in accordance with Jewish law.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=1950.0,1980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/annotation_set/447/annotation/222","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe act of reciting Jewish liturgical prayers during which the prayer sways or rocks lightly.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=2010.0,2040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/annotation_set/447/annotation/223","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHebrew for “order,” refers to the ritual meal eaten at home on the first and second nights of Passover.  The family meal is accompanied by the retelling of the story of the Israelites’ exodus from Egypt.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=2160.0,2190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/annotation_set/447/annotation/224","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMaurice Le Noblet Duplessis served at the sixteenth premier of the Canadian province of Quebec from 1936 to 1939 and 1944 to 1959.  He was a member of the conservative party, Unione Nationale.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=2460.0,2490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/annotation_set/447/annotation/225","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e‘Knickers’ are men’s or boys’ baggy-kneed trousers.  In Europe boy traditionally wore short pants in the summer and knickerbockers (‘knickers’ or knee-length pants) in winter.  At the onset of puberty, they graduated to long trousers, which was regarded as a major rite of passage.  (Note:  In England, knickers means underwear worn by women.)\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=3060.0,3090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/annotation_set/447/annotation/226","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAn area located northwest of Downtown Atlanta with gracious homes, elegant hotels, shopping centers, restaurants, and high-rise condominium and office buildings.  Buckhead is a major commercial and financial center of the Southeast, and it is the third-largest business district in Atlanta, behind Downtown and Midtown.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=3300.0,3330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/annotation_set/447/annotation/227","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eZionism is a movement which supports a Jewish national state in the territory defined as the ‘Land of Israel.’ Although Zionism existed before the nineteenth century, in the 1890’s Theodor Herzl popularized it and gave it a new urgency, as he believed that Jewish life in Europe was threatened and a State of Israel was needed.  The State of Israel was established in 1948 and Zionism today is expressed as support for the continued existence of Israel.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=3330.0,3360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/annotation_set/447/annotation/228","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRussian: to wreak havoc.  The term ‘pogrom’ refers to violent attacks against Jews in the Russian Empire carried out by non-Jews during the 1800’s.  The term has been applied to all violent episodes against Jews throughout the world and world history.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=3420.0,3450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/annotation_set/447/annotation/229","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHebrew: rabbi, can also refer to a teacher.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=3450.0,3480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/annotation_set/447/annotation/230","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Young Men’s Hebrew Association (and its counterpart, the Young Women’s Hebrew Association, YWHA) was set up in various cities of the United States for the mental, moral, social and physical improvement of Jewish young men and women.  The first YMHW was started in New York in 1874 and spread across the country in the following years.  They still exist today and are more like social clubs.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=3660.0,3690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/annotation_set/447/annotation/231","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThis nickname seems to have originated with William B. Hartsfield (1890-1971) the mayor of Atlanta for six terms between 1937 and 1961.  It was under his direction that Atlanta became a world class city with the image of “the City Too Busy to Hate.”\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=4170.0,4200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/annotation_set/447/annotation/232","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAhavath Achim was founded in 1887 in a small room on Gilmer Street.  In 1920 they moved to a permanent building at the corner of Piedmont and Gilmer Street.  Rabbi Abraham Hirmes was the first rabbi of the then Orthodox congregation.  In 1928, Rabbi Harry Epstein became the rabbi and the congregation began to shift to Conservatism, which they joined in 1952.  The synagogue is now on Peachtree Battle.  Cantor Isaac Goodfriend, a Holocaust survivor, joined the congregation in 1966 and remained until his retirement.  Rabbi Epstein retired in 1982, becoming Rabbi Emeritus and Rabbi Arnold Goodman assumed the rabbinic post.  He too retired in 2002 and Rabbi Neil Sandler is now (2013) the rabbi.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=4290.0,4320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/annotation_set/447/annotation/233","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTemple Sinai was founded as a reform congregation in 1968 and met in a variety of locations before establishing a synagogue on Dupree Drive in Sandy Springs.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=4320.0,4350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/annotation_set/447/annotation/234","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFounded in 1904, Shearith Israel began as a congregation that met in the homes of congregants until 1906 when they began using a Methodist church on Hunter Street. After World War II, Rabbi Tobias Geffen moved the congregation to University Drive, where it became the first synagogue in DeKalb County. In the 1960s, they removed the barrier between the men’s and women’s sections in the sanctuary, and officially became affiliated with the Conservative movement in 2002.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=4410.0,4440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/annotation_set/447/annotation/235","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eChabad-Lubavitch is a Hasidic movement in Orthodox Judaism.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=4410.0,4440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/annotation_set/447/annotation/236","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe book is Franco, Spain, the Jews, and the Holocaust by Chaim U. Lipschitz (Ktav Publishing, 1984).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=4770.0,4800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/annotation_set/447/annotation/237","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), or ‘Lou Gehrig’s Disease,’ causes progressive degeneration in nerve cells in the spinal cord and brain.  Voluntary muscle action is progressively hindered, eventually leading to paralysis and death.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=4890.0,4920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/annotation_set/447/annotation/238","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThis conflict was fought between June 5 and 10, 1967 and involved Israel and the neighboring states of Egypt, Jordan and Syria.  Israel launched surprise air strikes against gathering Arab forces.  The outcome was swift and decisive. Israel took effective control of the Gaza Strip and the Sinai Peninsula from Egypt, the West Bank and East Jerusalem from Jordan, and the Golan Heights from Syria.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=4980.0,5010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/annotation_set/447/annotation/239","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSkyland Trail is a residential and day treatment program in Atlanta, Georgia that treats young adults and adults with various mental illnesses.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=5100.0,5130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/annotation_set/447/annotation/240","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eParkinson’s disease causes degeneration of the central nervous system.  Symptoms include shaking, rigidity and slowness in movement in the early stages of the disease.  During later stages of Parkinson’s disease, those affected may experience cognitive degeneration, dementia and depression.  Parkinson’s usually occurs in older people over 50.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=5160.0,5190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/annotation_set/447/annotation/241","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHebrew for ‘son of commandment.’  A rite of passage for Jewish boys aged 13 years and one day.  At that time, a Jewish boy is considered a responsible adult for most religious purposes.  He is now duty bound to keep the commandments, he puts on tefillin, and may be counted to the minyan quorum for public worship.  He celebrates the bar mitzvah by being called up to the reading of the Torah in the synagogue, usually on the next available Sabbath after his Hebrew birthday.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=5280.0,5310.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/index/47795","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Albert Baron [Index]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/index/47795/annotation/242","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Family and childhood","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=33.0,110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/index/47795/annotation/243","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"As a child, I had a pretty normal life, as I recall.  I spent summer vacation with my parents, and my brother and sister.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=33.0,110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/index/47795/annotation/244","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Nancy, France","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"World War, 1939-1945","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=33.0,110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/index/47795/annotation/245","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Beginning of World War II","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=110.0,427.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/index/47795/annotation/246","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In early 1940, we were one of the first cities in France to be bombed, and we knew the war started.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=110.0,427.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/index/47795/annotation/247","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"De Gaulle, Charles (General)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Gestapo","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Petain, Philippe (Marshal)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Toulouse, France","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Vichy France","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=110.0,427.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/index/47795/annotation/248","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Gestapo encounters","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=427.0,565.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/index/47795/annotation/249","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"My dad was caught by the French police [and] taken to French police station.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=427.0,565.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/index/47795/annotation/250","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"France","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Gestapo","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=427.0,565.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/index/47795/annotation/251","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hiding in Bagneres-de-Luchon, France","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=565.0,769.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/index/47795/annotation/252","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now at that time, the only route of escape was either into Spain, or to the ocean.  We couldn’t go east to Switzerland or Italy because all the doors were closed.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=565.0,769.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/index/47795/annotation/253","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Axis powers","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Bagneres-de-Luchon, France","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jews, French","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Pyrenees Mountains","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=565.0,769.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/index/47795/annotation/254","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Escaping to Spain","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=769.0,1438.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/index/47795/annotation/255","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"As I said, we were in Luchon for nearly a year-and-a-half, so here were are in—I guess it was the fall of 1942 around October—and my dad did find out that the Germans had come down all the way down into that area and they were patrolling the mountains because they had heard that there were a lot of Jews escaping into Spain via the mountains.  ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=769.0,1438.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/index/47795/annotation/256","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Andorra","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Barcelona, Spain","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Basques","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Immigration","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Roosevelt, Franklin Delano (President)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Spain","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"World Jewish Congress","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=769.0,1438.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/index/47795/annotation/257","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Being identified as Jewish in France and Spain","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=1438.0,1523.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/index/47795/annotation/258","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I know that my dad was given stars [of David] to wear back in Toulouse, which he just threw away and said, “We’re not going to wear it. We’re not going to be identified as Jews. We’re just going to try to avoid it,” which he did.  ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=1438.0,1523.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/index/47795/annotation/259","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Asylum","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Chagall, Marc","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society [HIAS]","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=1438.0,1523.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/index/47795/annotation/260","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Immigration to Canada","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=1523.0,1861.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/index/47795/annotation/261","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"By 1944, after having been in Spain so long—my sister was already in Detroit—my dad was advised that Canada . . . again here was an antisemitic nation whose one of the immigration ministers, when asked how many Jews he allow or should they allow into Canada, told them that none is too many.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=1523.0,1861.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/index/47795/annotation/262","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Antisemitism","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Canada","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"King, William Lyon Mackenzie","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Montreal, Canada","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SS Serpa Pinto (ship)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=1523.0,1861.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/index/47795/annotation/263","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Upbringing and family life","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=1861.0,2166.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/index/47795/annotation/264","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You know something, I was really so young that it really had very little effect or none, but the thing that when I think back is I think that we matured a lot differently—a lot faster, because of going through these tumultuous times—you’re in hiding, you’re out of hiding, you don’t really understand what is really going on here.  ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=1861.0,2166.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/index/47795/annotation/265","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Shochet","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=1861.0,2166.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/index/47795/annotation/266","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Settling in Montreal","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=2166.0,2870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/index/47795/annotation/267","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Here we are  . . . we arrived in Montreal on the first night of Passover.  It was April 6 or 7.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=2166.0,2870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/index/47795/annotation/268","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Antisemitism","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Duplessis, Maurice Le Noblet","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"English language instruction","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"French-Canadians","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"McGill University—Montreal, Canada","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Passover","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Quebec, Canada","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Seder","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yiddish","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=2166.0,2870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/index/47795/annotation/269","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Moving to Atlanta","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=2870.0,3017.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/index/47795/annotation/270","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The other Jews did assimilate more and stick together, so that is pretty much one of the reasons why in 1970—I’m going to backtrack again—I lived in France for a little bit I worked for an American company out of Dallas [Texas] that asked me to open up their European office and to take over as general manager for continental Europe, so I took my family from 1964 to 1966—we lived in Paris [France].","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=2870.0,3017.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/index/47795/annotation/271","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Atlanta, Georgia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=2870.0,3017.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/index/47795/annotation/272","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"End of World War II","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=3017.0,3592.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/index/47795/annotation/273","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Everyone rejoiced at the time the war ended and especially officially it was 1945 . . . 1944.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=3017.0,3592.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/index/47795/annotation/274","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"English language","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Forward (newspaper)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"French language","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Holocaust","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Skiing","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"World War, 1939-1945","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yiddish language","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Zionism","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=3017.0,3592.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/index/47795/annotation/275","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Marriage and family","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=3592.0,4277.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/index/47795/annotation/276","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I met my wife [Rita] when I was 18 years old.  I was working and going to school at night.  I did not have enough money at the time.  ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=3592.0,4277.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/index/47795/annotation/277","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"McGill University—Montreal, Canada","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"National Chemsearch","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Public transportation","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Racism","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Young Mens’ Hebrew Association","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=3592.0,4277.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/index/47795/annotation/278","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish culture in Atlanta","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=4277.0,4738.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/index/47795/annotation/279","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One of the things that we recognized at the time . . . we wanted to join a synagogue and found that one . . . we were first . . . because my wife did not have the Hebrew education that I had and did not know Hebrew or [how] to pray in Hebrew . . . she had never gone to a Jewish school.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=4277.0,4738.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/index/47795/annotation/280","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ahavath Achim—Atlanta, Georgia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Chabad","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Shearith Israel—Atlanta, Georgia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Temple Sinai—Atlanta, Georgia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=4277.0,4738.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/index/47795/annotation/281","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Impact of World War II","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=4738.0,5091.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/index/47795/annotation/282","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don’t know . . . the only impact it had, I guess, is I became—as I grew older, and especially in my later years and since I’ve retired—I’ve become more interested in the Holocaust and what’s happened.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=4738.0,5091.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/index/47795/annotation/283","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Holocaust","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Holocaust survivors","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Israel","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lou Gehrig’s Disease","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Six-Day War, 1967","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"World War, 1939-1945","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=4738.0,5091.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/index/47795/annotation/284","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Children","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=5091.0,5517.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/index/47795/annotation/285","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Of course I can start talking about my children. Unfortunately, I do have a daughter that is mentally ill.  ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=5091.0,5517.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/index/47795/annotation/286","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Mental Illness","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Skyland Trail—Atlanta, Georgia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=5091.0,5517.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/index/47795/annotation/287","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lessons of the Holocaust","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=5517.0,5798.018"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498/index/47795/annotation/288","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think they have to realize how fortunate they are to be living in a free, democratic country, and how they can grow up here in total peace, that they can achieve  . . . work as hard as they want to work and be able to achieve.  ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/36492/file/105498#t=5517.0,5798.018"}]}]}]}