{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/hm52f7m232/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Hillman, Michal"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["2021-05-12 (created)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Agent"]},"value":{"en":["Hillman, Michal (Interviewee)","Berman, Sandra (Interviewer)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["Video"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source"]},"value":{"en":["The William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum","Esther and Herbert Taylor Oral History Collection","Jewish Oral History Project of Atlanta"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eMichal Hillman was interviewed by Sandra Berman on May 12, 2021 in Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e (general)","\u003cp\u003eMichal Hillman was born on July 27, 1950 in Montgomery, Alabama. She describes her childhood in Montgomery as happy, wonderful and idyllic. She spent much of her time in the summer at the Standard Club, a Jewish country club. The rest of the summer was spent at a secular Jewish girls camp in Maine. Though her family was observant in a classical Reform way, Michal felt assimilated into the community. Holidays were always spent at the temple, but rather than \u003cem\u003ekugel\u003c/em\u003e they ate grits. Jewish was her religion, but Southern was her culture. Growing up, she had two black housekeepers and nannies. She described them as her family, as additional mothers. Michal grew up in Montgomery during integration and Civil Rights Movement. She was in high school when black students were integrated into her school, and her parents chose to keep her in public school, rather than move her to a private school like other white families were doing. In Montgomery, Michal’s friends came from many different backgrounds, but it was always important to both her and her family that she married someone Jewish. After high school, she went to Sophie Newcomb Memorial College in New Orleans, Louisiana. While at college, she met Jack Hillman when she picked up a call on a party line. He had called for someone else, but Michal picked up instead. She and Jack married in 1971 and moved to Atlanta, Georgia, where he was from. In Atlanta, Michal dedicated her time to community work. She joined the National Council of Jewish Women and was active with that organization for 20 years. There she helped found the Young Professionals Organization to address what young working women needed. With the foundation she built at NCJW, Michal became involved in several other community and charitable organizations. She and her husband have two children, Annsley Hillman and Brittany Schwartzwald Hillman. They both live in Atlanta, as does Michal, where she continues to be involved in community work. \u003c/p\u003e (bioghist)","\u003cp\u003eIn this interview Michal reflects on her family history and growing up in Montgomery Alabama. She remembers the Civil Rights Movement, and the marches in Montgomery. Michal talks about the Jewish community in Montgomery, and the mixture of Southern and Jewish cultures that she was a part of. She tells the story of going to college and meeting her husband, moving to Atlanta, and describes the family they have together. Michal discusses her community involvement, her relationships that led her to community work, and the relationships that developed from her community work. Finally, she briefly reflects on the COVID-19 pandemic.\u003c/p\u003e (scope content)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source Metadata URI"]},"value":{"en":["https://archivesspace.thebreman.org/repositories/2/archival_objects/29054"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject"]},"value":{"en":["Baylinson, David A. (1929-) (personal name)","Blachschleger, Eugene (1903-1955) (personal name)","Carver, George Washington (1864?-1943) (personal name)","Washington, Booker T. (1856-1915) (personal name)","Wallace, George C. (1919-1998) (personal name)","Solomon, Hannah G. (1858-1942) (personal name)","Cohen, Helen Herz (1912-2006) (personal name)","Mescon, Michael (1930-2017) (personal name)","William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum (corporate name)","Steiner-Lobman (corporate name)","White Citizens’ Council (corporate name)","League of Women Voters (corporate name)","National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (corporate name)","American Jewish Committee (corporate name)","Sophie Newcomb Memorial College (corporate name)","University of Georgia (corporate name)","Tulane University (corporate name)","Ahavath Achim (corporate name)","Hill Manufacturing (corporate name)","Temple Sinai (corporate name)","National Council of Jewish Women (corporate name)","Bargainata (corporate name)","United Way (corporate name)","Main Idea (corporate name)","Camp Walden (corporate name)","Outward Bound (corporate name)","The Standard Club (corporate name)","Epstein School (corporate name)","Davis Academy (corporate name)","Weber School (corporate name)","Wexner Foundation (corporate name)","Young Men’s Christian Association (corporate name)","Montgomery, Alabama (geographic term)","New Orleans, Louisiana (geographic term)","Atlanta, Georgia (geographic term)","Denmark, Maine (geographic term)","Maine (geographic term)","Reform Judaism (topical term)","Civil Rights Movement (topical term)","Montgomery Bus Boycott, Montgomery, Ala., 1955-1956 (topical term)","Integration (topical term)","Selma to Montgomery Rights March (1965: Selm, Ala.) (topical term)","Driving Miss Daisy (Motion Picture) (topical term)","Antisemitism (topical term)","Ethical Culture Movement (topical term)","Judaism (topical term)","The Help (Motion Picture) (topical term)","Sephardic Judaism (topical term)","Conservative Judaism (topical term)","COVID-19 Pandemic (2020-) (topical term)","Orthodox Judaism (topical term)"]}}],"summary":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eMichal Hillman was interviewed by Sandra Berman on May 12, 2021 in Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMichal Hillman was born on July 27, 1950 in Montgomery, Alabama. She describes her childhood in Montgomery as happy, wonderful and idyllic. She spent much of her time in the summer at the Standard Club, a Jewish country club. The rest of the summer was spent at a secular Jewish girls camp in Maine. Though her family was observant in a classical Reform way, Michal felt assimilated into the community. Holidays were always spent at the temple, but rather than \u003cem\u003ekugel\u003c/em\u003e they ate grits. Jewish was her religion, but Southern was her culture. Growing up, she had two black housekeepers and nannies. She described them as her family, as additional mothers. Michal grew up in Montgomery during integration and Civil Rights Movement. She was in high school when black students were integrated into her school, and her parents chose to keep her in public school, rather than move her to a private school like other white families were doing. In Montgomery, Michal\u0026rsquo;s friends came from many different backgrounds, but it was always important to both her and her family that she married someone Jewish. After high school, she went to Sophie Newcomb Memorial College in New Orleans, Louisiana. While at college, she met Jack Hillman when she picked up a call on a party line. He had called for someone else, but Michal picked up instead. She and Jack married in 1971 and moved to Atlanta, Georgia, where he was from. In Atlanta, Michal dedicated her time to community work. She joined the National Council of Jewish Women and was active with that organization for 20 years. There she helped found the Young Professionals Organization to address what young working women needed. With the foundation she built at NCJW, Michal became involved in several other community and charitable organizations. She and her husband have two children, Annsley Hillman and Brittany Schwartzwald Hillman. They both live in Atlanta, as does Michal, where she continues to be involved in community work.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn this interview Michal reflects on her family history and growing up in Montgomery Alabama. She remembers the Civil Rights Movement, and the marches in Montgomery. Michal talks about the Jewish community in Montgomery, and the mixture of Southern and Jewish cultures that she was a part of. She tells the story of going to college and meeting her husband, moving to Atlanta, and describes the family they have together. Michal discusses her community involvement, her relationships that led her to community work, and the relationships that developed from her community work. Finally, she briefly reflects on the COVID-19 pandemic.\u003c/p\u003e"]},"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/174/511/small/Hillman_Michal.mp4_1675988506.jpg?1675988510","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - Hillman_Michal.mp4"]},"duration":4093.726,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/174/511/small/Hillman_Michal.mp4_1675988506.jpg?1675988510","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-thebreman.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/174/511/original/Hillman_Michal.mp4?1675988463","type":"Video","format":"video/mp4","duration":4093.726,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/transcript/41656","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Hillman, Michal [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/transcript/41656/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Today is May 12th, 2021, and I am here with Michal Hillman, who has\nagreed to participate in the Esther and Herbert Taylor Oral History Project of\nthe William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum. Thank you so much for agreeing to\nthis interview. It's really a thrill for me. I remember so well interviewing\nyour mom, and I just listened to that a couple of times, actually, for this\nexhibition we're planning. I just loved hearing her ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/transcript/41656/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"again. We haven't had a\nchance really to interview that many people from Alabama. We've interviewed\nsome, but not as many as we would have liked to have. So I would like to begin\nwith just where and when you were born, and then how your family ended up in\nMontgomery [Alabama].\n\nHILLMAN: Okay. Those are good questions, some of which I know the answer to. I\nwas born July 27, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/transcript/41656/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"1950, in Montgomery, Alabama, at a Catholic hospital. I grew\nup there and stayed there until I went to college. [I] went to college and then\nmoved to Atlanta [Georgia]. I was seventh generation. The family came from\nGermany and I think a section of France way back . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=60.0,90.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/transcript/41656/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"probably 1860ish. They\ncame for economic opportunity. That's on the Lobman side. On the Hertz side,\nthey came from Germany, and on the Hart side, they came from England through Jamaica.\n\nBERMAN: Did they all come during that same time period?\n\nHILLMAN: The Hart family came through Galveston [Texas] and ended up in New\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=90.0,120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/transcript/41656/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Orleans [Louisiana] I think around the 1860s.\n\nBERMAN: After the Civil War?\n\nHILLMAN: I think so, but I have a genealogy so that y'all can check it.\n\nBERMAN: Tell me about your parents. What were they like? And their names . . .\n\nHILLMAN: My mother was Carol Lobman Hart and my father was Van Eaton Hart\nSenior. He was named for his father who died when he was seven years ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=120.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/transcript/41656/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"old. So\nconsequently, he and two of his other three brothers grew up in the Jewish\nchildren's home in New Orleans. My mother was born in Montgomery and went\nthrough public schools. I actually had teachers that she had when she was in\nschool and they were actually . . . I guess you ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=150.0,180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/transcript/41656/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"would say [my parents] were very\nprogressive for their time, but they were very quiet. It wasn't something that\nyou flouted, it was just something that you acted on and you believed in.\nLooking back, I think they were probably more liberal, but when they voted, it\nwas a secret vote and they wouldn't discuss it with the family. We talked\npolitics, but we never ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=180.0,210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/transcript/41656/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"knew who they were supporting or why they supported\nanybody—or if they supported anybody.\n\nBERMAN: What kind of business were they in?\n\nHILLMAN: My mother's family was in the dry goods and manufacturing business. It\nwas Steiner-Lobman and it was started, I think, in 1890 in Pineapple, Alabama.\nWhen my father married my mom—that was right after the war in 1946—he ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=210.0,240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/transcript/41656/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"came\ninto the family business. His background was a civil engineer, and he had served\nin the Navy, in the Pacific. Ultimately, the business became theirs. It\ntransitioned from my Lobman family to my father. My mother was an only child so\nit became theirs.\n\nBERMAN: What did they manufacture?\n\nHILLMAN: They manufactured the first work clothes in Alabama ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=240.0,270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/transcript/41656/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and overalls. They\nmanufactured Polly. Polly was the brand—Polly Parrot—and they were work\nclothes. They manufactured for a lot, I think, of some of the bigger retailers.\n\nBERMAN: When did they go out of business?\n\nHILLMAN: The business was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=270.0,300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/transcript/41656/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sold when I was in college, about 1970 or 1971. It\ncontinued for some time and then, at which point it met its demise, I'm not sure.\n\nBERMAN: Why did they sell?\n\nHILLMAN: We were too young to inherit the business, and for health reasons, and\njust forward thinking. They figured it was time to get out.\n\nBERMAN: Had manufacturing changed at that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=300.0,330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/transcript/41656/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"point in . . . ?\n\nHILLMAN: Oh, yes. Retail, as I understand it, was beginning to change. It was\ngoing into major department stores. People were not . . . Little town stores\n[and] smaller stores that bought dry goods and notions were going out of\nbusiness. Salesmen weren't traveling on the road like they used to, to sell\nwares. So the nature of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=330.0,360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/transcript/41656/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"dry goods changed. Manufacturing was probably in its prime.\n\nBERMAN: How did that affect you, and your family, and your parents to not have\nthe business anymore?\n\nHILLMAN: That's a good question. I've never . . . I always considered it as part\nof the family culture and it was always talked ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=360.0,390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/transcript/41656/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about and referred to, but, I\ndon't know. Did it really . . . I'm not sure what effect it had.\n\nBERMAN: You donated a pair of your Polly-alls to the museum. Can you tell me\nyour recollections of that day when you modeled those little shorts for advertising?\n\nHILLMAN: Well, this all took place ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=390.0,420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/transcript/41656/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because, at that point, my father decided to\ngo into fashion garments, and he decided to style overalls and denim. We were\nhaving a temple youth group conclave in Montgomery, so there were kids from all\nover the state that were there. Some of our friends who were in the pictures at\nthat time were from Birmingham [Alabama] and Jasper, Alabama. He ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=420.0,450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/transcript/41656/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"put Polly-alls\non all of us and took photographs. That was the way he was going to promote the\nnew line.\n\nBERMAN: Was it successful, the line?\n\nHILLMAN: I think so. I was in college. I have to say, I wasn't totally plugged\nin to what was going on in the business world. It was novel. He truly was\nprobably one of the first on the fashion end of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=450.0,480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/transcript/41656/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"denim.\n\nBERMAN: If I asked you to take a moment and just think about one or two\nadjectives that describes best your childhood in Montgomery, what would they be?\n\nHILLMAN: Happy and wonderful. Idyllic. It was a wonderful place to grow up. We\nwere very much assimilated into the community, but we were also very, very\nJewish and observant in a classical ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=480.0,510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/transcript/41656/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Reform way. Holidays were always at the\ntemple. For instance, seders were always community seders at the temple. Sukkot\nwas always celebrated on Sunday in Sunday school, under the sukkah at the\ntemple. We all got sugarcane pieces to eat, which was a highlight. Purim was\nalways a community affair, usually at the country ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=510.0,540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/transcript/41656/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"club. They had the Purim\nparty, but it could have also coincided with the Easter egg hunt.\n\nBERMAN: And the rabbi for most of your time was Rabbi Baylinson.\n\nHILLMAN: Rabbi Baylinson came. We were his first confirmation class. It was at a\ntime when they were discussing moving confirmation, I think, from eighth grade\nto tenth grade. So fortuitously, I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=540.0,570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/transcript/41656/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"guess, when Rabbi Blachschleger died, that\nwas the gap year and it was a perfect transition to move our confirmation class\nto tenth grade. So Rabbi Baylinson was our confirming rabbi, and he was the\nrabbi that married us, and he's my rabbi.\n\nBERMAN: What about Rabbi Blachschleger? Do you have any recollections of\nhim—what kind of man he was?\n\nHILLMAN: Rabbi Blachschleger? ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=570.0,600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/transcript/41656/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yes. At the time I certainly didn't realize it,\nbut he was very European. He had a slight accent. I know that on Thursdays when\nmy grandfather took a half day off, he and Mrs. Blachschleger would go have\nlunch with my grandmother and grandfather and eat ham. Mrs. Blachschleger was\nthe choir leader and we all had to sing in her ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=600.0,630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/transcript/41656/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"choir. He was a big man, an\nimposing man. I think he liked all of us, but there was a reverence about him\nand his position. Although because he was a family friend of my grandparents, I\nthink we have more familial feelings for him.\n\nBERMAN: What about civil ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=630.0,660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/transcript/41656/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"rights? Did he get involved at all?\n\nHILLMAN: I don't know. If he did, I think it was very quietly.\n\nBERMAN: You were very young when the Montgomery Bus Boycott happened.\n\nHILLMAN: I was four years old.\n\nBERMAN: Yes. But did your family, in the aftermath or years later, speak about\nit at all?\n\nHILLMAN: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=660.0,690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/transcript/41656/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I probably learned more about it as documentary films were made as I\nended up in high school and college. But what I do remember is there was a\nperiod of time—and there were three of us and then four of us children—and we\nwould take the household help home at ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=690.0,720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/transcript/41656/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"night at the end of the work day. And\nthat, as I later came to find out, was because of the bus boycott.\n\nBERMAN: Speaking of the help, what kind of relationship did you have with the\npeople in the home who worked for you?\n\nHILLMAN: They were family. There were other mothers. They raised us, they loved\nus, they scolded us. My ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=720.0,750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/transcript/41656/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"favorite image is being told to go out and pick the\ngreenest switch you can find because, \"I'm going to use it on you when you're naughty.\"\n\nBERMAN: Who was that?\n\nHILLMAN: That was Ellen Sellers [sp], our housekeeper who was responsible for\nall of us children.\n\nBERMAN: How long did she work for the family?\n\nHILLMAN: I guess, 25 or 30 years. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=750.0,780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/transcript/41656/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"She came when I was a baby, I think, or a toddler.\n\nBERMAN: Did you keep in touch with her over the years?\n\nHILLMAN: We did. Whenever we went home, we would always go visit. And then there\nwas Liza who was really responsible for us kids and for taking care of our\nneeds. Her mother had worked for my grandmother, as did she. So she was in our\nfamily—a part of our ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=780.0,810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/transcript/41656/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"family—for 60 or 70 years or more.\n\nBERMAN: What was her last name?\n\nHILLMAN: Her name was Gray, Annie Liza Gray [sp]. She died well into her\nnineties. I saw her every time I went home as well, and ended up visiting her in\na nursing home for the last years of her life.\n\nBERMAN: Did you ever discuss any of those aspects of civil rights, and the\nboycott, and the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=810.0,840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/transcript/41656/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"marches with any of them?\n\nHILLMAN: Not really. I can remember on Saturday nights when my folks went out,\nLiza was usually our babysitter. But on occasion it was Ellen. We used to say to\nboth of them, \"Please sit and have dinner with us. Sit at the table.\" Ellen was\ncomfortable doing that and Liza wasn't. So you could see the generational\ndifference, and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=840.0,870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/transcript/41656/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that was a difference that I noticed. But, conversationally, we\nreally never . . . [It] probably never occurred to us that we could discuss it.\n\nBERMAN: And what about you, yourself, when the schools started to get\nintegrated? How did your family react to all of that?\n\nHILLMAN: Positively. It was at the same time that a number of private schools\nbegan to form and I had friends that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=870.0,900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/transcript/41656/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were being pulled out of public school to\ngo to these private schools. My mother and father said, \"There's no indication\nthat we need to do that. The public schools are fine and that's where you need\nto be. We're not supporting those particular schools for the wrong reasons or\nthe right reasons.\"\n\nBERMAN: I know you were, again, young, but do you remember any pressure on your\nparents to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=900.0,930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/transcript/41656/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"conform, to maybe join a White Citizens' Council for your father or\nto support the new private schools?\n\nHILLMAN: I don't think . . . This is in hindsight, but my grandfather's brother\nwas an attorney, and he was an attorney for George Washington Carver and maybe\nBooker T. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=930.0,960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/transcript/41656/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Washington. My great uncle had a cross burned on his yard because that\nside of the Lobman family was particularly liberal. He had a daughter who formed\nthe League of Women Voters in Montgomery and then for Alabama. So they were more\novertly involved. As far as I know, I guess our family tacitly and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=960.0,990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/transcript/41656/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"silently . .\n. I assume they supported him because they had good relationships with them.\n\nBERMAN: Do you remember when things . . . Well, first of all, do you remember\nthe marches?\n\nHILLMAN: Oh, I do remember the march. I was in ninth grade in 1964, the year of\nthe Civil Rights March. I desperately wanted to go be part of the march. I guess\nI thought that was really cool. I also ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=990.0,1020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/transcript/41656/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"had met a guy from Kenya who was coming\ndown with his grandfather from Boston [Massachusetts] to march, and he called\nand of course wanted me to meet him on some street corner. Of course, at 14\nthere was no way I was getting out of the house for a love of money or anything.\nHis family was instrumental in forming the NAACP [National Association for the\nAdvancement of Colored People]. I also had ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=1020.0,1050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/transcript/41656/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hertz family—one off Hertz\nfamily—that formed the American Jewish Committee back in the early 1900s. So I\ncome from a pretty forward thinking line of people and educated people.\n\nBERMAN: Do you remember what the atmosphere was like in Montgomery during the marches?\n\nHILLMAN: Oh, absolutely. I was doing a debate ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=1050.0,1080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/transcript/41656/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on capital punishment, and the day\nbefore the march, I was supposed to go interview Governor George Wallace for my\ndebate position and my father would not let my mother take me. They absolutely\nwere afraid of what could or couldn't go on and nobody knew. So my father took\nme down to the Capitol and the streets of downtown Montgomery were empty. I've\nnever seen the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=1080.0,1110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/transcript/41656/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"streets empty like this. You could stand at the Capitol or at the\nfront door and look down Dexter Avenue, and there were no people. So I went to\ninterview Governor Wallace, and then we went home and it was . . . People were\nafraid. People didn't know what to expect. Some people were welcoming of the\nopportunity to be part of the march and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=1110.0,1140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/transcript/41656/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"others were very barricaded in their homes.\n\nBERMAN: Were there people in the congregation that were very supportive of segregation?\n\nHILLMAN: I'm sure there were. I have to believe that there were.\n\nBERMAN: It must have been a very difficult time with all of these different . . .\n\nHILLMAN: You know, I was a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=1140.0,1170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/transcript/41656/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"kid. What went on behind closed adult doors, we\nweren't privy to.\n\nBERMAN: What about around the dinner table?\n\nHILLMAN: I can remember conversations about integration and about . . . Some of\nit was separate but equal kinds of conversations. Some of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=1170.0,1200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/transcript/41656/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it might have bordered\non more progressive conversation, but . . . I think my grandparents were\nactually really the liberals. I think my folks were probably sort of the silent\ngeneration, because my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=1200.0,1230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/transcript/41656/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"grandparents . . . My grandmother worked for what would\nhave been an Equal Opportunity Commission back in the 1930s. She made sure that\nanybody who worked in her household got Social Security and was taken care of as\nthey should have been. She also welcomed anybody that we brought to the dinner\ntable. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=1230.0,1260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/transcript/41656/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In the 1960s, I guess I was in college, but my brother had a black friend\nfrom YMCA [Young Men's Christian Association] work. They showed up at Friday\nnight dinner and it was, \"Come right in and sit right down,\" and never a\nquestion was asked. I'm not sure my parents would have been that comfortable.\n\nBERMAN: You mentioned Rabbi Baylinson before. What are your recollections of him?\n\nHILLMAN: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=1260.0,1290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/transcript/41656/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He was a family friend of one of my mother's dear friends who lived out\nof town. So I remember this very embracing, welcoming to town, not just as\nclergy, but as a friend of the community, as a friend of the family. We loved\nhim. At least I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=1290.0,1320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/transcript/41656/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"think my confirmation class of 20 people, which was extremely\nlarge for that time, probably the biggest confirmation class Montgomery had ever\nhad or would ever have . . . I think we all loved him. He was only our rabbi for\na year as a class. So I say that and I don't really know, but we all adored ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=1320.0,1350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/transcript/41656/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"him.\nI adored him.\n\nBERMAN: I can see how your eyes light up when you speak about him, so I can tell\nthat you did. What about Jewish traditions in the family? With cooking and all\nof that, were there Jewish traditions and Southern traditions all rolled up in one?\n\nHILLMAN: Because our families have been in this country for 100 plus ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=1350.0,1380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/transcript/41656/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"years . . .\nWhat I think of anyway, is typically European traditions and the cooking\ntraditions . . . Ours were Southern traditions. We probably had grits instead of\nkugel. Although kugel . . . I had a great aunt who made lebkuchen and though\nit's a German cookie, I assumed it was a Jewish German ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=1380.0,1410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/transcript/41656/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"cookie. I'm not sure that\nit really was, but that's how we associated it. Our traditions were so\nclassical, so integrated—assimilated into community life—that we were much\nmore of the Miss Daisy era of the Christmas trees, the Easter egg hunts . . .\nBut we were ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=1410.0,1440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/transcript/41656/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jews on the street and we could celebrate in our homes. We didn't\nput wreaths on our doors or flout Christian custom.\n\nBERMAN: Do you remember any incidents of feeling like an outsider? Was there any\nexperience of antisemitism growing up?\n\nHILLMAN: I never really experienced ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=1440.0,1470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/transcript/41656/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it that I can really ever imagine. My mother\nsays that there were times when she knew that it existed because we weren't\ninvited to something, but they didn't make a big deal about it. I didn't realize\nthat I could've or should've maybe been included and wasn't.\n\nBERMAN: What about with your friends? Was it all inclusive or did you mainly\nhang out with the temple kids?\n\nHILLMAN: No, my friends were ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=1470.0,1500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/transcript/41656/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"very mixed. In fact, [in] Montgomery was the\nMaxwell Air Force Base, the Air War College. So we had lots of friends who were\njust in Montgomery for a temporary amount of time—a year or two—and we were\nvery friendly with those kids. A lot of them lived in our area, and went to\nschool with us, and we were very friendly with our non-Jewish friends. We would\ngo to Easter Mass or ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=1500.0,1530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/transcript/41656/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Christmas Mass with them, or we would go to Sunday school\nwith them, and they would come to Sunday school with us on occasion. The ones\nthat didn't speak to us, we figured they didn't want to be friendly with us.\n\nBERMAN: What about dating? Was it important to your parents that you dated\nsomeone Jewish?\n\nHILLMAN: It was important to them that we married someone Jewish. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=1530.0,1560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/transcript/41656/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If they had\nput restrictions on our dating, we would have had a very limited social life.\nThey were aware of that and sensitive to that, and so they never put\nrestrictions on it. They always just told us to date boys that we would be proud\nto bring home and introduce to them, or girls, as the case may be.\n\nBERMAN: Was it important to you to marry someone Jewish?\n\nHILLMAN: It ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=1560.0,1590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/transcript/41656/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was. It was important to them that we went to a college with a\nJewish population since Montgomery was a much smaller Jewish community. They\nwanted our fishing pond to be bigger.\n\nBERMAN: Where did you go to college?\n\nHILLMAN: I went to Sophie Newcomb [Memorial College] and graduated from Georgia\n[University of Georgia].\n\nBERMAN: That's wonderful. So tell me, how did you find your Jewish husband?\n\nHILLMAN: At ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=1590.0,1620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/transcript/41656/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Tulane [University], socializing on the quad one day. Then we all\nlived in the dorm and at that time the dorm had restrictions. The dorm also had\nparty line telephones. There were three extensions to a room, and he was calling\none of the room extensions. They weren't in their room that day and I picked up\ntheir phone. So he ended up asking me for a date ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=1620.0,1650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/transcript/41656/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"instead of who he intended to ask.\n\nBERMAN: His name?\n\nHILLMAN: Jack Hillman.\n\nBERMAN: Tell me a little bit about him—where he is from.\n\nHILLMAN: Jack grew up in Atlanta, went to Morningside [Elementary School], went\nto Grady [Henry W. Grady High School] . . . [He] has tremendous extended family\nhere because his father was one of four and his mother was one of five. They had\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=1650.0,1680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/transcript/41656/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"all come more or less . . . The Hillman family had been here, I think, for . . .\nThe lore is for at least five generations because his grandfather or great\ngrandfather was a shammash at AA [Ahavath Achim].\n\nBERMAN: Who was that?\n\nHILLMAN: I don't know. I'd have to ask Jack\n\nBERMAN: Was that Jacob Friend [sp]?\n\nHILLMAN: I don't think so. I think it was either a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=1680.0,1710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/transcript/41656/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Solomon or a Hillman. Anyway,\nJack's grandmother was from Russia and that was really the first adult I had met\nthat had a European accent. I really did not have a lot of acquaintance with\npeople who were first generation or second generation immigrants until I met\nJack and married into the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=1710.0,1740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/transcript/41656/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"family.\n\nBERMAN: When was that? When did you marry?\n\nHILLMAN: We married in 1971.\n\nBERMAN: And moved to Atlanta?\n\nHILLMAN: And moved to Atlanta. Jack finished graduate school. I had graduated\nand he was coming into the family chemical business, which is Hill Manufacturing.\n\nBERMAN: Was it a big transition for you to move to a larger Jewish community?\n\nHILLMAN: Not really, because I'd spent ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=1740.0,1770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/transcript/41656/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"several summers here in graduate school.\nI also had my mother's first cousin who lived here and I lived with them. They\nwere active in the Reform Jewish community. They were also one of the founders\nof Temple Sinai, so I had a big exposure to the community. They were friends\nwith a lot of the temple families and I felt really ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=1770.0,1800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/transcript/41656/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"comfortable. Jack's family\nwas big and embracing, and the Hillman Cohen side of the family was very\ninvolved in the community. So it was very embracing and I was ready for Jewish\ninvolvement. I didn't have a lot in college because I didn't think I went to\ncollege to do community work. But I did think that I would do that as an adult\nor a young adult.\n\nBERMAN: That's what I want to get ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=1800.0,1830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/transcript/41656/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"into now—your community work. Was it from\nyour family? You mentioned your grandparents and your uncle—who was a great\nuncle—I think who was the attorney for . . . Was it all of that history that\ninspired you to get into community work?\n\nHILLMAN: I think it was just sort of an inherited part of the culture. I saw\ndifferent people in the family doing different ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=1830.0,1860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/transcript/41656/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"things. My grandparents, for\ninstance, were Zionists. That was really pretty unheard of for a Southern\nclassical family when Israel had been taken out of most of the reform literature\nin the 1950s, 1960s. We always knew that Israel was a special place. They always\nwanted to go. For health ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=1860.0,1890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/transcript/41656/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"reasons, as they got older, they planned trips that\nthey didn't get to take. So it was always one of my goals to go to Israel for\nthem—to make that happen. And I did. I think my brothers and sisters had\nsimilar feelings.\n\nBERMAN: What were the first organizations that drew you in when you moved to Atlanta?\n\nHILLMAN: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=1890.0,1920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/transcript/41656/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"NCJW [National Council of Jewish Women]. I knew about National Council\nof Jewish Women because my grandmother had been a president. My mother had been\nactive. I have a friend—my dearest friend in Montgomery growing up—who's\nrelated to Hannah G. Solomon, which I found out many, many years later. Council\nwas very active, and they ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=1920.0,1950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/transcript/41656/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were civically, socially, on the cutting edge of\neverything that was going on in the community. It [was] where my interests were.\nIt was just exciting. There were women that were in the workforce in Council.\nThere were some incredible role models. Barbara Asher was a role model. One of\nmy volunteer activities is ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=1950.0,1980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/transcript/41656/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"directly stemmed from a placement that she made. Back\nin the mid early 1990s, the hospitality industry wanted to set up child care for\nhourly employees. So the big hospitality GMs [General Managers] were involved in\ncoming together to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=1980.0,2010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/transcript/41656/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"form a private nonprofit child care center, and they also\nwere willing to subsidize it, and support it. Barbara Asher was on the city\ncouncil at the time. She knew that I was interested in child care. Council had\ndone a number of studies on child care and she recommended that I go on their\nboard. So I did and that was a really formative experience. I worked with ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=2010.0,2040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/transcript/41656/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"people\nthat were important in city government, that were important in private industry,\nand it was a real unique partnership. Unfortunately it really didn't survive\nbecause it was premised on the fact that hourly employees would need to use\nchild care 24 hours a day, seven days a week. And in truth, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=2040.0,2070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/transcript/41656/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they might have\ndesired to have that option, but basically they did not want to take their\nchildren out of homes at odd hours of the days and nights. So it never really\nmet the purpose that it was designed for.\n\nBERMAN: What were some of the other programs at NCJW that you got involved in?\n\nHILLMAN: I along with two other ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=2070.0,2100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/transcript/41656/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"women, one was Beth Lefkow—who's no longer\nliving—and the other was Rachel Miller . . . There were just a number of other\nwonderful women that are still in the Atlanta community [who] formed a Young\nProfessionals Organization for NCJW because there was nothing that addressed\n[what] a working woman [or] a young adult need[ed]. One of the things that we\ndid—because Council did things in partnership, and this was in the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=2100.0,2130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/transcript/41656/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"early\n1970s—is we worked with Junior League  (the Young Professionals Group), and we\ndeveloped a rape crisis booklet that went into the Grady Rape Center that NCJW\nestablished with Grady Hospital. That book should be in the in NCJW archives. It\nwas a magazine. It was distributed on busses. It was put in doctors' offices. It\nwas like a True Confessions ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=2130.0,2160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/transcript/41656/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"tabloid so that the people that needed to pick it up\nwould pick it up.\n\nBERMAN: That's wonderful. I've not heard of that.\n\nHILLMAN: That was really fun. It was also in the day when there was government\nmoney that made some of this happen. This wouldn't have happened without some\ngovernment federal funding.\n\nBERMAN: What about Tay-Sachs? Did you get involved in that program?\n\nHILLMAN: I was not as involved in Tay-Sachs. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=2160.0,2190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/transcript/41656/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I was much more involved in\nBargainata, and the fundraising for the Section, and for Young Professionals.\nBut Tay-Sachs was a huge big deal. The relationships that were made with Emory\nand some of the Jewish community . . . People that were at Emory were really\nimportant in helping get that off the ground.\n\nBERMAN: You mentioned Barbara Asher as a role ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=2190.0,2220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/transcript/41656/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"model. Who else would you\nattribute some of your . . . maybe who had mentored you?\n\nHILLMAN: Marilyn Shubin, without a doubt. She's a dear friend, but she also was\na role model and a mentor. But we didn't refer to people that way. They were\njust people that were there for us and guided us, who we could go to for ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=2220.0,2250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/transcript/41656/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"advice,\nthat we worked with on committees . . . It wasn't anything we were looking for.\nIt just was evolving and happening just organically.\n\nBERMAN: What other organizations besides NCJW drew you in or called to you?\n\nHILLMAN: United Way drew me in, but that was also with a direct link from NCJW\nbecause we were doing board training for the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=2250.0,2280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/transcript/41656/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"community. I'm going to forget this\nnow, but anyway . . . United Way was the convener along with Council and Junior\nLeague, to form a community training board bank to place women on community\nboards. So I got involved that way with United Way. Then I continued to go on\nand work in their Community Investment ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=2280.0,2310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/transcript/41656/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Division, which was making grants to\ncommunity agencies and evaluating them.\n\nBERMAN: Did you get involved with Women's Division also?\n\nHILLMAN: I did get involved with Women's Division. In the early 1980s when we\nwere doing women's retreats for campaign training, I along with and Anne Davis\nand Glenda Minkin, chaired Unicoi, which is where we went to house ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=2310.0,2340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/transcript/41656/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"these women's\nretreats. They were usually a night and two days, or two nights and three days.\nI can't really remember. But it was a time when women were very willing and very\neager to bond, and to form community around what we were doing—which was\nfundraising—and to be trained that way. So it's very collegial.\n\nBERMAN: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=2340.0,2370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/transcript/41656/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Who else within the leadership of women, during the time in the 1980s,\nthe 1990s that you were active . . . Who would you call attention to?\n\nHILLMAN: Well, one of those women was my camp director and the owner of my\nsecular girls camp in Maine who was just ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=2370.0,2400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/transcript/41656/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"iconic. Even after I left camp, I\nstayed very close to her. I became involved—or she asked me to become\ninvolved—in an overnight camp program for inner-city girls, which was a\nresidential camp. It was called Main Idea which ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=2400.0,2430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/transcript/41656/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"she . . . It was her baby. She\nformed Main Idea 50 plus years ago—about 1968—I think, which was . . . I\nwasn't in those early days of that. But anyway, she formed a residential camp\nfor inner-city children and that camp is still in existence. I'm still on the board.\n\nBERMAN: What's her name?\n\nHILLMAN: Her name ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=2430.0,2460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/transcript/41656/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was Helen Herz Cohen, and she was very active in the ACA\n[American Camping Association]. She owned her camp. She inherited it from her\naunts, and it's still a private camp in family . . . in trust.\n\nBERMAN: What's the name of the camp?\n\nHILLMAN: It's called Camp Walden in Denmark, Maine.\n\nBERMAN: Speaking of camp, I know a lot of southern ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=2460.0,2490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/transcript/41656/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"girls—especially within the\nReformed community—went to camp up in Maine. What was the draw? How did that\nall happen?\n\nHILLMAN: Well, my mother went to camp in Maine. That was back in the 1930s.\nInterestingly enough, at that time—and she went to a camp called Vega, Camp\nVega—they had a Junior Maine Guide program, which was like the ultimate Outward\nBound program ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=2490.0,2520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/transcript/41656/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because, as I understand from her, they had to go into the woods\nwithout compasses and find their way out. It was a real intense program. Then\nthey could scout hikes, and lead hikes, and all of that. So my mother and some\nof her friends went to camp in Maine. I don't think it was always a given that I\nwas going to go to camp in Maine because I had my best ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=2520.0,2550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/transcript/41656/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"friend [who] did go to\ncamp in Maine, and she would come over and say to my mother, \"Now, Carol, when\nare you going to send Michal to camp in Maine?\" And my mother would tell her,\n\"Laurie, if you say that one more time, she'll never go to camp with you.\"\nUltimately, I did go to camp with my dear friend Laurie. She had been at Walden\nfor a couple of years before I got there. So there was a tradition—a history ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=2550.0,2580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/transcript/41656/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of it.\n\nBERMAN: Were these Jewish camps?\n\nHILLMAN: They were secular Jewish camps. There was nothing iconically Jewish. In\nfact, Helen Herz was an Ethical Culturist, so we had all these social values.\nThat probably is as big [of a] part of what's in my DNA as anything that I saw\nmodeled in my family.\n\nBERMAN: Was it also a way to get you ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=2580.0,2610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/transcript/41656/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to meet other Jewish kids from other parts\nof the country?\n\nHILLMAN: Oh, absolutely, because they did, back then, come from all\nover—primarily the Northeast. But there were girls from the West and a lot of\ngirls from the Midwest. And yes, it was a way to meet other Jewish girls.\n\nBERMAN: Even when I moved to Atlanta in the 1980s and I became so involved,\npeople up north [would say], \"There were Jews living in the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=2610.0,2640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/transcript/41656/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"South?\" I heard that\nall the time there. So when you went up to camp in Maine, were people shocked\nthat there was this thriving Jewish community in the South?\n\nHILLMAN: There were enough Southern girls there that I don't think it occurred\nto us to wonder. When Jack went to Michigan ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=2640.0,2670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/transcript/41656/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to graduate school, he was sitting\nin a row with an Alschuler from New York, a Corona from Boston, and then there\nwas Hillman from Atlanta, and they discovered that they were all Jewish. One of\nthese guys said, \"I didn't know Jews lived in the South.\" There was a very\nprovincial attitude as I came to find out ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=2670.0,2700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/transcript/41656/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in my young adult years. But we've\nbeen here a long time, so it never occurred to me to question. I don't think it\noccurred to them to question because a lot of those girls also had Southern\nfamily or some Southern family at some point in time.\n\nBERMAN: Which leads me to my next question, because I've interviewed a lot of\nfolks through Georgia and Alabama. If you ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=2700.0,2730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/transcript/41656/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were asked or if your parents were\nasked how they would identify—the adjective that they would identify with\nfirst—would it be Jewish or Southern?\n\nHILLMAN: It would probably either be American [or] an American Jew. That's how I\nalways thought of myself growing up. Jewish was a religion and American was my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=2730.0,2760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/transcript/41656/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"culture.\n\nBERMAN: What about Southern culture? How important was that to your overall\ngrowing up?\n\nHILLMAN: I'd say it was really important because it was basically what I knew.\nAlthough I had no other family. There were my mother's first cousins and they\nwere all close because there were only four of them. We're still close to that\nfamily and those ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=2760.0,2790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/transcript/41656/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"cousins. I'm sorry, what did you ask me again?\n\nBERMAN: How important Southern culture . . .\n\nHILLMAN: I think it permeated everything I did. But it just was . . . It's just\nbecause that's who I was or that's what I knew. It probably still has direct\nbearing on the way I think or act sometimes.\n\nBERMAN: A number of years ago, there was the book and then the movie, The ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=2790.0,2820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/transcript/41656/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Help.\n\nHILLMAN: Yes.\n\nBERMAN: Do you think that was an honest picture of what went on, or was it not\nin your opinion?\n\nHILLMAN: It didn't reflect the situation in our household. As far as I can\nthink, it didn't reflect the situation in most of my friends' households. But\nthere were people that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=2820.0,2850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/transcript/41656/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"thought that the help in your house was subservient, and\nshould be treated that way, and probably didn't enjoy all the benefits that I\nsaw. I saw help as . . . You didn't take it for granted. You couldn't talk back\nto them. You were punished if you talk back to them. They were to be respected.\n\nBERMAN: Do you think, in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=2850.0,2880.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/transcript/41656/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"general, Jewish families treated the help differently\nthan non-Jewish families and just the culture of what our own background of . . .\n\nHILLMAN: I would hate to generalize. From my perch, yes. But I think that also,\nif I really thought about it, there were Jewish families that did not treat\npeople ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=2880.0,2910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/transcript/41656/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as fairly, particularly people that worked for them.\n\nBERMAN: So I know there was a country club in Montgomery, the Standard Club.\nWere you members of the club?\n\nHILLMAN: We were members of the club. In fact, club culture was . . . Club was\nour camp. We could ride our bikes to the club. We could walk to the club. Summer\ntimes, before we went to overnight camp, we ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=2910.0,2940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/transcript/41656/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"spent days at the country club\nmostly looking at the handsome lifeguards. We got to eat lunch at the club. We\ncould sign our tickets or they knew our families, so they would write up our\nmeal ticket. They didn't have to be signed. You just went and you got your\nCokes, you got your burgers, you ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=2940.0,2970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/transcript/41656/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sat on the porch . . . You visited. Sometimes\nyou went out and putted on the putting green. We played hide and seek at the\nclub. We'd go to the club for Sunday lunch after Sunday school. I did not\nrealize . . . I knew that there were Jewish kids that didn't belong to the club\nand that's because this is the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=2970.0,3000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/transcript/41656/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"dominion of the Reform Jews. So the other Jews in\ntown—some belonged elsewhere. Some didn't belong at all. I didn't understand\nthat differentiation growing up. I grew to understand it later.\n\nBERMAN: What happened to the Standard ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=3000.0,3030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/transcript/41656/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Club?\n\nHILLMAN: It ceased to exist. It probably ceased to exist in the 1990s. The\nattrition of the Jewish community . . . It was a big property. I guess it just\nwasn't being supported.\n\nBERMAN: What's the Jewish community in Montgomery like today?\n\nHILLMAN: I know that it is much smaller, probably half the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=3030.0,3060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/transcript/41656/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"size of [what] it\nwas. It's an aging community. I think it probably looks like a lot of medium\nsized Jewish communities look today—that don't have population that's coming\nback to live there and work there.\n\nBERMAN: Do you think the synagogue, the temple will survive?\n\nHILLMAN: I can't imagine life in Montgomery without the temple. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=3060.0,3090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/transcript/41656/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They've talked\nabout merging the congregations. There was a Sephardic congregation of about 30\nfamilies, and when I was growing up, they all came to Sunday school with us. But\nsometime around 2000, the Sephardic congregation merged with the Conservative\ncongregation because I think, just theologically, ideologically, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=3090.0,3120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/transcript/41656/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they were much\nmore aligned that way. Although when we were growing up, we mixed with those\nfamilies. They were our friends, and our Sunday school friends, and our school\nfriends more than the Conservative kids. And there really wasn't an Orthodox\ncongregation. I think it's going to look different.\n\nBERMAN: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=3120.0,3150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/transcript/41656/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This is happening all around the country—the demise. And not that\nMontgomery was necessarily a small town initially, but . . .\n\nHILLMAN: Right. It was a nice mid-sized community.\n\nBERMAN: But it's still . . . How do you feel about that—with this change in the\ndemographic and how . . . ?\n\nHILLMAN: Well, from an idealistic point of view, it's sad because it was such a\nperfect place to grow ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=3150.0,3180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/transcript/41656/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"up. But life is very, very different now. Whether there'll\nbe a Jewish renaissance in some of these communities because the cities have\ngotten too big and too expensive, and because people can telecommute and work in\ndifferent places, and live in different places and they work . . . To me, it's\nconceivable that there could be a renaissance in some of these communities if\nthe dynamics are right. I don't ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=3180.0,3210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/transcript/41656/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"know that that will happen in Montgomery. It\ncertainly happened in Birmingham.\n\nBERMAN: Did any of your siblings go back to Montgomery?\n\nHILLMAN: No.\n\nBERMAN: I should ask you their names for the purpose of the tape.\n\nHILLMAN: Okay. Well, there's my sister, who's 14 months younger than I am, [who]\nis Alice Hart Wertheim, and she lives in Atlanta. My brother, who's 14 months\nyounger than she ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=3210.0,3240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/transcript/41656/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is, had a naval career and ended up in the metropolitan\nWashington area. [He] left the Navy and went into private mortgage business.\nThat brother is Julian Lobman Hart, and he married a gal from Richmond\n[Virginia]. So that's what took them back to the Washington area. My youngest\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=3240.0,3270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/transcript/41656/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"brother is Van Eaton Hart Junior. He's the third Van. Although there are other\nVans in the family. He went to school in Colorado and ended up in San Francisco\n[California]. But he did meet his wife at my daughter Annsley's bat mitzvah, and\nshe's from Birmingham.\n\nBERMAN: And your children and their names?\n\nHILLMAN: My ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=3270.0,3300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/transcript/41656/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"oldest daughter is Annsley Myra Hillman, and she is married to Ben\nKlehr. They live here with two children, a 12 year old daughter named Layla [sp]\nand an eight year old son named Sawyer. My other daughter is Brittany\nSchwartzwald, Brittany Hillman Schwartzwald, and she also lives here. They both\nlive in the Lake Claire area. She married Alan Schwarzwald and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=3300.0,3330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/transcript/41656/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"she got Alan to\nmigrate to Atlanta from New York. They have a 12 year old son, Mac, and a nine\nyear old daughter, Mimi.\n\nBERMAN: Very nice. So I'd like to know before we conclude, is there anything\nI've missed, anything that you want to . . . ? Anything else with NCJW or . . . ?\n\nHILLMAN: There's a lot more with ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=3330.0,3360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/transcript/41656/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"NCJW because I was very active for 20 years.\nThat really gave me my foundational volunteer grounding, my knowledge of\nAtlanta, and the Jewish and general community because they had feet in both\nplaces. So there's a lot . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=3360.0,3390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/transcript/41656/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That was really my formative volunteer\nexperience. They did training that any corporation would want to have employees\ngo through, but we were trained as volunteers. The other thing that you probably\nshould know is the YMCA was a very formative piece of our life in Montgomery\ngrowing up. We didn't have high school sororities and fraternities, but they ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=3390.0,3420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/transcript/41656/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"had\nY clubs. So all of us, all of my brothers and sister and I, were involved in the\nY clubs. Because of the Y clubs, they also had a Youth and Government Program\nfor the state. Once a year in the spring, when the legislature was out of\nsession, we actually took over the Capitol, and kids from all over the state . .\n. We ran for office, we ran for governor, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=3420.0,3450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/transcript/41656/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"lieutenant governor, speaker of the\nhouse . . . It was truly a mock legislature. We crafted bills, some of which\nactually even got referred into working committees for the state. We got judged\non those bills. We had to pass those bills or, if those bills didn't get passed,\nthey never got to the floor. It was a weekend of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=3450.0,3480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/transcript/41656/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"activity. One of the things\nthat I did as a senior—I drafted a resolution to create a National Youth and\nGovernment Conference, because a number of states had Youth and Government\nPrograms, and I thought it would be just outstanding if this kind of youth\ntalent came together. The resolution passed. The Southeastern Ys took it ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=3480.0,3510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/transcript/41656/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"up and\nthat's because we had also a very progressive executive director at the Y. The\none who was in charge of the Youth and Government Program was Don Bryant,\nanother mentor—although he was a bigger mentor to my brothers—but he was a\nfriend of all of us. So they formed a national conference. I think there were\neight states. We met in Stone Mountain [Georgia] and it was quite ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=3510.0,3540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/transcript/41656/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"formative. Dr.\nMike Mescon addressed us when he held the chair of Free Enterprise at Georgia\nState. He was there. He left my life. He reentered 20 years later when we were\ndoing long range planning for the Epstein School, and I reached out to him to\nconsult with us. So there were eight states and we drafted some ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=3540.0,3570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/transcript/41656/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"resolutions.\nSince then, it has grown, and for the 50th anniversary, I believe there were 48\nto all 50 states sending representatives. It's an assembly of 800 plus young\nadults—high school [aged]. There are also some ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=3570.0,3600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/transcript/41656/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"other . . . I want to call them\nisland nations. That's not the right word. Puerto Rico and some of the other\nplaces sent representatives [from] outside of the United States. They are still\ndrafting legislation and running a national conference. They asked me to keynote\nit for its 50th anniversary, and I have to say, that's probably the highlight of\nmy ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=3600.0,3630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/transcript/41656/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"life.\n\nBERMAN: What an honor.\n\nHILLMAN: It was an honor.\n\nBERMAN: You mentioned the Epstein School. Were you very involved with their . .\n. ?\n\nHILLMAN: I was involved. The girls went to the Epstein School. I was real\ninvolved with the board. I did a number of different fundraisers for them with\ntheir ad book. I did some of their long range ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=3630.0,3660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/transcript/41656/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"planning.\n\nBERMAN: You grew up with Classical Reform Judaism. What congregation did you\njoin when you were here?\n\nHILLMAN: Well, Jack grew up in the AA, Ahavath Achim. That's where we joined. I\nknew that was a given. It took me a lot of years—probably 20 years—to finally\nassert my own independence and join a Reform congregation, which I did. So we\nhave dual ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=3660.0,3690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/transcript/41656/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"memberships now, but it took me a long time to really get the courage\nto do what I wanted to do for a really long time. The way they got to the\nEpstein School is we live in the city. We've always lived in the city, starting\nwith Buford Highway. We moved to an area that did not have good public schools\nat the time that we moved. We didn't have children, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=3690.0,3720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/transcript/41656/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so it wasn't an important\nfactor and Jack said, \"If they're going to go to private schools, it's going to\nbe Jewish school.\" And I said, \"Well, okay, you pick the school, I'll pick the\ncamps. So we had a nice hybrid arrangement.\"\n\nBERMAN: There was no Davis Academy back then.\n\nHILLMAN: Oh, no. That came out of my Wexner experience—when we were sitting on\na bus in Israel ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=3720.0,3750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/transcript/41656/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and some of the founders of . . . The Davises were in the Wexner\nclass, as were Steve Berman and Michael Rosenzweig. So the Davis Academy and the\nWeber School were direct results of our Wexner experience.\n\nBERMAN: Describe what the Wexner experience was.\n\nHILLMAN: Wexner is a foundation that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=3750.0,3780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/transcript/41656/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"began a leadership program—an intensive\nleadership program—to train young adults to volunteer Jewishly. It didn't train\nus to volunteer. It instilled in us a lot of Jewish learning, and a lot of\nJewish role models to guide us in decision making as we inherited leadership in\nthe community.\n\nBERMAN: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=3780.0,3810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/transcript/41656/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I wanted to go back further. One question that came up . . . You\nmentioned earlier that you interviewed George Wallace at some point. What was\nthat like?\n\nHILLMAN: Well, what I didn't tell you is the high school was in . . . That was\nin ninth grade. Peggy Wallace, his daughter, was my age. She went to a different\njunior high school, but we were in the same class in high school. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=3810.0,3840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/transcript/41656/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"George Wallace\nwas just a political figure. He was the governor. I realize that I probably\ndidn't agree with him, but that was later as I matured, and his views became\nmore evident. He was approachable. He was very willing to . . . I called his\noffice and made an appointment. I didn't have to know ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=3840.0,3870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/transcript/41656/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"anybody or do anything\nspecial to get that. When the high schools were integrated—when I was in 11th\ngrade—it was [a] pretty seamless transition because Peggy Wallace was in my\nclass. We had an incredible amount of security. I actually befriended a couple\nof the kids that integrated the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=3870.0,3900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/transcript/41656/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"school—didn't really keep up with them.\n\nBERMAN: It must have been unbelievably difficult for them to . . .\n\nHILLMAN: I think it was extremely difficult.\n\nBERMAN: But you're part of that history. It's amazing to think about it.\n\nHILLMAN: Yes. It just felt pretty seamless. I just sort of smoothly moved into\nit—not ideologically—just because people are people.\n\nBERMAN: What ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=3900.0,3930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/transcript/41656/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about when public accommodations were integrated in in Montgomery,\nlike restaurants and . . . ?\n\nHILLMAN: By that time I was in college and then really didn't come back to\nMontgomery except as a visitor. So I don't really know that aspect of it.\n\n[interview pauses, then resumes]\n\nBERMAN: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=3930.0,3960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/transcript/41656/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"How has the last year of the Coronavirus affected your life?\n\nHILLMAN: It's been a gift. It's maybe because of my aging stage, maybe\nbecause—sadly but happily—I did not have elderly family that I had to take\ncare of and be responsible for. My kids are here. They've ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=3960.0,3990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/transcript/41656/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"been fine. I wasn't\nworried about them. I feel privileged. It was not a hardship to stay at home.\nActually [it] was a bonus. I got to really see the world on Zoom and take\nadvantage of conferences and programs internationally that I would have never\nstayed home [for]. Even if they'd existed, I wouldn't have taken ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=3990.0,4020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/transcript/41656/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"advantage. Like\ntoday, I'm not home, and there are a couple of things that I'm aware of that if\nI were home, I would watch or be part of. So to me, it was just a time to smell\nthe roses, to sit back, but also to answer the community call for help and to\ntry to make sure that resources got to the people that absolutely have needed\nthem, and have ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=4020.0,4050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/transcript/41656/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"struggled so hard through the virus.\n\nBERMAN: What was your approach to that?\n\nHILLMAN: It was really to answer it with my checkbook when emergency funds were\nset up. The other thing that I did is part of our family philanthropy. I just\nprepaid a lot of commitments ahead of time because I knew how ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=4050.0,4080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/transcript/41656/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"much organizations\nneeded the capital to plow through this.\n\nBERMAN: That's wonderful. On that note, I think we can conclude.\n\nHILLMAN: Thank you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=4080.0,4110.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/annotation_set/973","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Annotations [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/annotation_set/973/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum in Atlanta celebrates and commemorates Jewish history, culture, and art through events and museum spaces. The Breman also contains the Cuba Family Archives for Southern Jewish History, which houses thousands of manuscripts, oral histories, and photograph collections, related to southern Jewish history and the Holocaust. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/annotation_set/973/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe American Civil War, widely known in the United States as the “Civil War” or the “War Between the States,” was fought from 1861 to 1865 to determine the survival of the Union or independence for the Confederacy. In January 1861, seven Southern slave states declared their secession from the United States and formed the Confederate States of America. The Confederacy, often called the “South,” grew to include 11 states, and although they claimed 13 states and additional western territories, the Confederacy was never diplomatically recognized by a foreign country. The states that did not declare secession were known as the “Union” or the “North.” The war had its origin in the issue of slavery. After four years of bloody combat, which left over 600,000 Union and Confederate soldiers dead and destroyed much of the South's infrastructure, the Confederacy collapsed, slavery was abolished, and the difficult Reconstruction process of restoring national unity and granting civil rights to freed slaves began.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=120.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/annotation_set/973/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eReform Judaism is a division within Judaism, especially in North America and the United Kingdom. Historically it began in the 19th century. In general, the Reform movement maintains that Judaism and Jewish traditions should be modernized and compatible with participation in Western culture. While the \u003cem\u003eTorah\u003c/em\u003e remains the law, in Reform Judaism women are included (mixed seating, \u003cem\u003ebat mitzvah\u003c/em\u003e, and women rabbis), instrumental music is allowed in the services, and most of the service is in the local language as opposed to Hebrew. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=510.0,540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/annotation_set/973/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSeder\u003c/em\u003e [Hebrew: order] is a Jewish ritual feast that marks the beginning of the Jewish holiday of Passover. It is conducted on the evening of the fifteenth day of \u003cem\u003eNisan\u003c/em\u003e in the Hebrew calendar throughout the world. Some communities hold \u003cem\u003eseder\u003c/em\u003e on both the first two nights of Passover. The \u003cem\u003eseder\u003c/em\u003e incorporates prayers, candle lighting, and traditional foods symbolizing the slavery of the Jews and the exodus from Egypt. It is one of the most colorful and joyous occasions in Jewish life. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=510.0,540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/annotation_set/973/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSukkot\u003c/em\u003e is one of the harvest festivals of Judaism. It is seven days long and comes after the ingathering of the yearly harvest. It celebrates God’s bounty in nature and God’s protection, symbolized by the fragile booths in which the Israelites dwelt in the wilderness. During \u003cem\u003eSukkot\u003c/em\u003e, Jews eat and live in such booths, which gives the festival its name and character.  \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=510.0,540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/annotation_set/973/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA \u003cem\u003esukkah\u003c/em\u003e is a temporary hut constructed to use during \u003cem\u003eSukkot\u003c/em\u003e. It is often topped with branches and decorated with harvest and Judaic themes. It is a symbolic wilderness shelter, representing the time God provided for the Israelites in the wilderness they inhabited after their freedom from slavery in Egypt. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=510.0,540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/annotation_set/973/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ePurim\u003c/em\u003e is a Jewish holiday that commemorates the deliverance of the Jewish people in the ancient Persian Empire from destruction in the wake of a plot by Haman, a story recorded in the Biblical book of Esther. According to the Book of Esther, Haman planned to kill all the Jews, but Mordecai and his adopted daughter Queen Esther foiled his plans. The day of deliverance became a day of feasting and rejoicing. Some of the customs of \u003cem\u003ePurim\u003c/em\u003e include drinking wine, wearing masks and costumes, and public celebration. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=510.0,540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/annotation_set/973/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRabbi David A. Baylinson (b. 1929) served Temple Beth Or in Montgomery, Alabama from 1965 until his retirement in 1994. Rabbi David Baylinson was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in 1929. He was the Adjunct Associate Professor of Religion and Philosophy at Huntingdon College for 25 years and Dean of the Humanities and Fine Arts College for one year. He taught in the Life Long Learning program for adults at Huntingdon for many years. He is a member of The Temple and has taught in their Lunch and Learn program. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=540.0,570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/annotation_set/973/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eConfirmation is a coming-of-age ritual that originated in the Reform movement, which scorned the idea that at 13 years of age a child was an adult. They replaced \u003cem\u003ebar\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003ebat mitzvah\u003c/em\u003e with a confirmation ceremony at about age 16 to 18. In some Conservative synagogues the confirmation concept has been adopted as a way to continue and child’s Jewish education and involvement for a few more years. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=540.0,570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/annotation_set/973/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRabbi Eugene Blachschleger (1903-1955) was elected as spiritual leader of Temple Beth Or in Montgomery, Alabama in 1933 and served until his death. During his time at Temple Beth Or he initiated a college night service, a Young People’s Discussion Group, and affiliation with the National Federation of Temple Youth (NFTY). He was the first rabbi to be invited into the Montgomery Ministerial Association, and was elected to the positions of Vice President and Treasurer. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=570.0,600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/annotation_set/973/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Montgomery Bus Boycott, in which African Americans refused to ride city buses in Montgomery, Alabama, to protest segregated seating, took place from December 5, 1955, to December 20, 1956. On December 1, 1955, four days before the boycott began, Rosa Parks, an African American woman, refused to yield her seat to a white man on a Montgomery bus. She was arrested and fined. The boycott of public buses by Blacks in Montgomery began on the day of Parks’ court hearing and lasted 381 days. The United States Supreme Court ultimately ordered Montgomery to integrate its bus system. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=660.0,690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/annotation_set/973/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA switch is branch of strong, flexible wood used to physically punish someone.  \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=750.0,780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/annotation_set/973/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe American Civil Rights Movement encompasses social movements in the United States whose goal was to end racial segregation and discrimination against Black Americans and enforce constitutional voting rights to them. The movement was characterized by major campaigns of civil resistance. Between 1955 and 1968, acts of nonviolent protest and civil disobedience produced crisis situations between activists and government authorities. Noted legislative achievements during this phase of the Civil Rights Movement were passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the Voting Rights Act of 1965, the Immigration and Nationality Services Act of 1965, and the Fair Housing Act of 1968.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=810.0,840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/annotation_set/973/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWhite Citizens’ Council (WCC) was an American white supremacist organization formed on July 11, 1954. After 1956, it was known as the Citizens’ Councils of America. It had about 60,000 members, mostly in the South, and was opposed to racial integration during the 1950s and 1960s when it retaliated with economic boycotts and strong intimidation against Black activists, including depriving them of jobs. By the 1970s its influence had faded.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=930.0,960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/annotation_set/973/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGeorge Washington Carver (c. 1864-1943) was an American agricultural scientist and inventor who promoted alternative crops to cotton and methods to preserve soil depletion. He was one of the most prominent black scientists of the early 20th century. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=930.0,960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/annotation_set/973/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGeorge Washington Carver (c. 1864-1943) was an American agricultural scientist and inventor who promoted alternative crops to cotton and methods to preserve soil depletion. He was one of the most prominent black scientists of the early 20th century. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=960.0,990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/annotation_set/973/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe League of Women Voters is a civic organization that was formed by Carrie Chapman Catt in 1920 to help women take a larger role in public affairs. It does not support or oppose candidates for office at any level of government but rather works to increase understanding of major public policy issues and to influence public policy through education and advocacy. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=960.0,990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/annotation_set/973/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Selma to Montgomery marches were three marches in 1965 that marked the political and emotional peak of the American Civil Rights Movement. Selma and Montgomery were the focus of Black voter registration drives which were resisted on every front. The marches were to support voting rights for Blacks. The first was on March 7, 1965 and came to be known as “Bloody Sunday” when 600 civil rights marchers were attacked by state and local police with billy clubs and tear gas. Several marchers, both Black and white, were beaten or murdered over the course of the marches. The second march was on March 9, 1965. Martin Luther King Jr. led 2,500 protestors who were turned back after crossing the Edmund Pettus Bridge. The third march started on March 16. The marchers marched along US Route 80 protected by 2,000 soldiers of the United States Army, 1,900 members of the Alabama National Guard under Federal command, FBI agents and Federal Marshals. They arrived in Montgomery on March 24. The marchers in the third march were fed by women volunteers who cooked the food in the kitchen of the Green Street Baptist Church after which it was delivered to the gathering point for the march by truck.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=990.0,1020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/annotation_set/973/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) is an African-American civil rights organization in the United States. It was formed in 1909 and its mission is “to ensure the political, educational, social, and economic equality of rights of all persons and to eliminate racial hatred and racial discrimination.” \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=1020.0,1050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/annotation_set/973/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe American Jewish Committee (AJC) was founded in 1906 to safeguard the welfare and security of Jews worldwide. It is one of the oldest Jewish advocacy organizations in the United States. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=1050.0,1080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/annotation_set/973/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGeorge C. Wallace Jr (1919-1998) was an American politician who served as the governor of Alabama for four terms. He was a member of the Democratic Party, known for his segregationist and populist views, and supported Jim Crow policies during the Civil Rights Movement. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=1080.0,1110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/annotation_set/973/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThis may refer to what later became the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, which is a federal agency that was established via the Civil Rights Act of 1964 to enforce civil rights laws against workplace discrimination. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=1230.0,1260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/annotation_set/973/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eYMCA, sometimes regionally called the Y, is a worldwide youth organization based in Geneva, Switzerland, with more than 64 million beneficiaries in 120 countries. It was founded on 6 June 1844 by Sir George Williams in London, originally as the Young Men's Christian Association, and aims to put Christian principles into practice by developing a healthy \"body, mind, and spirit.\"\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=1260.0,1290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/annotation_set/973/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eKugel is a baked casserole commonly made from lokshen, or Jewish egg noodles, or potato. It is a traditional Jewish dish, often served on \u003cem\u003eShabbat\u003c/em\u003e and holidays. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=1380.0,1410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/annotation_set/973/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMiss Daisy era most likely refers to the film Driving Miss Daisy. Driving Miss Daisy (1987) is the first in what is known as Alfred Uhry’s \"Atlanta Trilogy\" of plays earning him the Pulitzer Prize for Drama. Uhry adapted it into the screenplay for the 1989 Academy Award winning film of the same name. The film stars Jessica Tandy, Morgan Freeman, and Dan Aykroyd. The story of Miss Daisy Werthan, a Southern Jewish widow and Hoke Colburn, her Black chauffeur, is set in Atlanta between 1948 and 1973 as their 25-year friendship reflects the social changes in the American South. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=1410.0,1440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/annotation_set/973/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA \u003cem\u003eshammash\u003c/em\u003e, also spelled \u003cem\u003eshamash\u003c/em\u003e or \u003cem\u003eshammas\u003c/em\u003e [Hebrew: servant], or \u003cem\u003egabbai\u003c/em\u003e, is a salaried sexton in a Jewish synagogue whose duties now generally include secretarial work and assistance to the cantor, or \u003cem\u003echazzan\u003c/em\u003e, who directs the public service. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=1680.0,1710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/annotation_set/973/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAhavath Achim Synagogue (often referred to as \"AA\") was founded as an Orthodox congregation in 1887 in a small room on Gilmer Street. In 1901 they moved to a permanent building at the corner of Piedmont Avenue and Gilmer Street. In 1921, the congregation constructed a synagogue at Washington Street and Woodward Avenue. It joined the Conservative movement in 1952. The final service in the Washington Street building was held in 1958 to make way for construction of the Downtown Connector (the concurrent section of Interstate 75 and Interstate 85 through Atlanta). The synagogue moved to its current location on Peachtree Battle Avenue in 1958. As of 2022, Ahavath Achim is the largest Conservative synagogue in the Atlanta area. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=1680.0,1710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/annotation_set/973/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTemple Sinai was founded as a Reform congregation in 1968 and met in a variety of locations before establishing a synagogue on Dupree Drive in Sandy Springs, north of Atlanta. Rabbi Richard Lehrman was chosen as the congregation's founding rabbi.  \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=1770.0,1800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/annotation_set/973/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eZionism is a movement which supports a Jewish national state in the territory defined as the Land of Israel. Although Zionism existed before the nineteenth century, in the 1890s Theodor Herzl popularized it and gave it a new urgency, as he believed that Jewish life in Europe was threatened and a State of Israel was needed. The State of Israel was established in 1948 and Zionism today is expressed as support for the continued existence of Israel. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=1860.0,1890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/annotation_set/973/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe National Council of Jewish Women is an organization of volunteers and advocates who turn progressive ideals into advocacy and philanthropy inspired by Jewish values. They strive to improve the quality of life for women, children, and families. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=1920.0,1950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/annotation_set/973/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHannah G. Solomon (1858-1942) was the founder of the National Council of Jewish Women. Hannah and her sister were the first Jewish women to ever be elected to the elite Chicago Women’s Club. She became involved as an attempt to build a national association for Jewish women. At the Jewish Women’s Congress in 1893, it was voted to form the National Council of Jewish Women. At the same time, Solomon was elected president in a unanimous vote. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=1920.0,1950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/annotation_set/973/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJunior Leagues are educational and charitable women’s organizations aimed at improving their communities through voluntarism and building their members’ civil leadership skills through training. It is an international organization with 293 different chapters. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=2130.0,2160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/annotation_set/973/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTrue Confessions is a magazine targeted at women between 20 and 35 years old. It was first published in 1922. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=2130.0,2160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/annotation_set/973/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTay-Sachs disease is a rare genetic disorder. It is caused by the absence of an enzyme that helps break down fatty substances. Tay-Sachs is typically found in people with Eastern European Jewish ancestry, as well as in the Amish community of Pennsylvania, Cajuns of southern Louisiana, and French Canadians of southeastern Quebec. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=2160.0,2190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/annotation_set/973/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBargainata Thrift Boutique was a thrift store in Atlanta that was affiliated with the National Council of Jewish Women.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=2190.0,2220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/annotation_set/973/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eUnited Way Worldwide is a privately-funded nonprofit, based in the United States. The United Way network is made up of nearly 1,800 autonomous 501c3 organizations, each governed and funded locally. The network spans more than 40 countries and territories and 6 continents. It serves 61 million people across the globe, fueled by 2.9 million volunteers and 8.3 million donors. Its predecessor organization was founded in Denver, Colorado in 1887, and it became known as the United Way in 1963.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=2250.0,2280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/annotation_set/973/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eShe is most likely referring to Unicoi State Park and Lodge in Helen, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=2310.0,2340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/annotation_set/973/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHelen Herz Cohen (1912-2006) was the director of Camp Walden, an all-girls residential summer camp in Denmark, Main. She founded The Main Idea, a nonprofit camp for economically disadvantaged girls. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=2460.0,2490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/annotation_set/973/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOutward Bound was founded by Kurt Hahn and serves people of all ages and background through challenging learning expeditions that inspire self-discovery, both in and out of the classroom. It has a national network of schools and hundreds of courses in wilderness settings and urban environment.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=2490.0,2520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/annotation_set/973/annotation/177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Ethical movement, also referred to as the Ethical Culture movement, Ethical Humanism or simply Ethical Culture, is an ethical, educational, and religious movement that is usually traced back to Felix Adler (1851–1933). The Ethical movement is an outgrowth of secular moral traditions in the 19th century, principally in Europe and the United States. While some in this movement went on to organize for a non-congregational secular humanist movement, others attempted to build a secular moral movement that was emphatically \"religious\" in its approach to developing humanist ethical codes, in the sense of encouraging congregational structures and religious rites and practices. It is not a Jewish movement, although it was founded by a former rabbinical student (Adler), and many of its most well-known adherents were raised in the Jewish faith.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=2580.0,2610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/annotation_set/973/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eThe Help\u003c/em\u003e is a period drama film released in 2011, based on a book of the same name by Kathryn Stockett. The story focuses on the relationship between a young white woman and her black maids during the Civil Rights Movement in Jackson, Mississippi.  \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=2820.0,2850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/annotation_set/973/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Standard Club was formed in 1871 as a downtown Montgomery social club for Jews during an era when Jews were not admitted to other clubs. The club building was built in 1894 across from the Davis Theater, and members acquired the second lot in February 1913 in order to have a place in the country. The Standard Club maintained the dual properties for over a decade. In 1929, notable architect Frank Lockwood built the current clubhouse. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=2910.0,2940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/annotation_set/973/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSephardic Jews are the Jews of Spain, Portugal, North Africa, and the Middle East, and their descendants. The adjective “Sephardic” and corresponding nouns \u003cem\u003eSephardi\u003c/em\u003e (singular) and \u003cem\u003eSephardim\u003c/em\u003e (plural) are derived from the Hebrew word \u003cem\u003eSepharad\u003c/em\u003e, which refers to Spain. Historically, the vernacular language of Sephardic Jews was Ladino, a Romance language derived from Old Spanish, incorporating elements from the old Romance languages of the Iberian Peninsula, Hebrew, Aramaic, and in the lands receiving those who were exiled, Ottoman Turkish, Arabic, Greek, Bulgarian, and Serbo-Croatian vocabulary. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=3090.0,3120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/annotation_set/973/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAlso known as Masorti Judaism, Conservative Judaism is a form of Judaism that seeks to preserve Jewish tradition and ritual, but has a more flexible approach to the interpretation of the law than Orthodox Judaism. It attempts to combine a positive attitude toward modern culture, while preserving a commitment to Jewish observance. In general, Conservative congregations also observe gender equality (mixed seating, women rabbis, and \u003cem\u003ebat mitzvah\u003c/em\u003e). The governing body for Conservative Judaism in the United States is the United Synagogue of Conservative Judaism (USCJ), formerly known as the United Synagogue of America. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=3090.0,3120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/annotation_set/973/annotation/182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOrthodox Judaism is a traditional branch of Judaism that strictly follows the written Torah and the oral law concerning prayer, dress, food, sex, family relations, social behavior, the Sabbath day, holidays, and more.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=3120.0,3150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/annotation_set/973/annotation/183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHebrew for “daughter of commandments.” A rite of passage for Jewish girls aged 12 years and one day according to her Hebrew birthday. Many girls have their \u003cem\u003ebat mitzvah \u003c/em\u003earound age 13, the same as boys who have their \u003cem\u003ebar mitzvah\u003c/em\u003e at that age. The \u003cem\u003ebat mitzvah\u003c/em\u003e girl is now duty bound to keep the commandments. Synagogue ceremonies are held for\u003cem\u003e bat mitzvah\u003c/em\u003e girls in Reform and Conservative communities, but it has not won the approval of Orthodox rabbis. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=3270.0,3300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/annotation_set/973/annotation/184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLake Claire is a neighborhood on the east side of Atlanta, Georgia. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=3300.0,3330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/annotation_set/973/annotation/185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMichael Mescon (1930-2017) was the dean of Georgia State University’s J. Mack Robinson College of Business. He created the Bernard B. and Eugenia A. Ramsey Chair of Private Enterprise in the Department of Economics at Georgia State’s Andrew Young School of Policy Studies. He authored several articles, books, and textbooks. The Wall Street Journal called him the “pied piper of private enterprise.” \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=3540.0,3570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/annotation_set/973/annotation/186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Epstein School (also known as the Solomon Shechter School of Atlanta) is a private Jewish day school in the Atlanta area located in Sandy Springs. In 1973, Rabbi Harry H. Epstein and the leaders of Ahavath Achim synagogue wanted to create a Conservative Jewish day school. The first campus was housed at the synagogue. In 1987 the school moved to Sandy Springs.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=3540.0,3570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/annotation_set/973/annotation/187","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBuford Highway is a major roadway that connects three metro Atlanta counties. It stretches north from Midtown Atlanta to the Dekalb-Gwinnett County line. The Buford Highway also refers to the community around the roadway (also known as the Buford Highway Corridor and DeKalb International Corridor), which spans along either side of a stretch of Georgia State Route 13 (SR 13) in DeKalb County. Buford Highway is an ethnically diverse, linear community made up of apartment complexes, suburban neighborhoods, and shopping centers.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=3690.0,3720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/annotation_set/973/annotation/188","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Alfred and Adele Davis Academy is a private Reform Jewish day school in Sandy Springs, Georgia for students from pre-kindergarten through eighth grade.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=3720.0,3750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/annotation_set/973/annotation/189","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Wexner Foundation supports the development of Jewish professional and volunteer leaders in North America and in Israel. It also supports Jewish charities locally, nationally and internationally. It was created by Leslie Wexner, the CEO of Limited Brands, and his wife Abigail Wexner. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=3720.0,3750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/annotation_set/973/annotation/190","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Felicia Penzell Weber Jewish Community High School, formerly the Doris and Alex Weber Community High School and the New Atlanta Jewish Community High School, is a Jewish high school located in Sandy Springs, Georgia. Familiarly known as the Weber School, it was founded in 1997. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=3750.0,3780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/annotation_set/973/annotation/191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a contagious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The first known case was identified in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. The disease has since spread worldwide, leading to an ongoing pandemic as of 2023.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=3960.0,3990.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/index/52599","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Hillman, Michal [Index]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/index/52599/annotation/192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Introduction ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=0.0,44.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/index/52599/annotation/193","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Today is May 12th, 2021, and I am here with Michal Hillman, who has agreed to participate in the Esther and Herbert Taylor Oral History Project of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=0.0,44.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/index/52599/annotation/194","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=0.0,44.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/index/52599/annotation/195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Family History","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=44.0,481.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/index/52599/annotation/196","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So I would like to begin with just where and when you were born, and then how your family ended up in Montgomery [Alabama].","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=44.0,481.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/index/52599/annotation/197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Montgomery, Alabama","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"New Orleans, Louisiana","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Steiner-Lobman","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=44.0,481.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/index/52599/annotation/198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Growing Up in Montgomery ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=481.0,834.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/index/52599/annotation/199","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If I asked you to take a moment and just think about one or two adjectives that describes best your childhood in Montgomery, what would they be?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=481.0,834.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/index/52599/annotation/200","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Baylinson, David A. (1929-)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Blachschleger, Eugene (1903-1955)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Civil Rights Movement","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Montgomery Bus Boycott, Montgomery, Ala., 1955-1956","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Montgomery, Alabama","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Reform Judaism","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=481.0,834.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/index/52599/annotation/201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The Civil Rights Movement in Montgomery\n","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=834.0,1283.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/index/52599/annotation/202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Did you ever discuss any of those aspects of civil rights, and the boycott, and the marches with any of them? ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=834.0,1283.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/index/52599/annotation/203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"American Jewish Committee","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Carver, George Washington (1864?-1943)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Civil Rights Movement","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Integration","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"League of Women Voters","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Montgomery, Alabama","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"National Association for the Advancement of Colored People","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Selma to Montgomery Rights March (1965: Selm. Ala.)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Wallace, George C. (1919-1998)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Washington, Booker T. 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What are your recollections of him?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511#t=1283.0,1588.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86259/file/174511/index/52599/annotation/206","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Antisemitism","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Baylinson, David A. 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