{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/hh6c24r69m/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Dawson, Zhanna Arashanskaya"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["2009-06-01 (creation)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["Video"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eZhanna Arashanskaya Dawson interviewed by John Kent and Ruth Eistenstein on June 1, 2009 in Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e (general)","\u003cp\u003eZhanna Arashanskaya was born on April 1, 1927 in Berdyansk, Ukraine to Sara and Dmitri Arshansky. She had one sister, Frina, who was two years younger. Zhanna developed a love of music early on and began piano lessons as a small child. Economic conditions then forced the family to move to Kharkov, where Zhanna and Frina were enrolled at the prestigious Kharkov Conservatory. Kharkov was occupied soon after the Germans invaded the Soviet Union in 1941. In December 1941, all of the Jews from Kharkov and the surrounding area were rounded up and marched to an abandoned tractor factory outside of Kharkov. After a few weeks, the Jews—including Zhanna, her sister, parents, and grandparents—were marched out of the city toward a ravine called Drobitsky Yar. Realizing they were to be executed, her father bribed a guard to look the other way as Zhanna stepped out and blended in with the citizens on the side of the road watching.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eZhanna went back to Kharkov and was given shelter by a schoolmate’s family. She was soon reunited with her sister, who had also escaped. The sisters adopted false identities and headed to the city of Poltava. When the families they stayed with grew suspicious, the girls headed to an orphanage in the town of Kremenchug. When their musical talents were discovered, the girls were taken out of the orphanage and became piano players for a troupe of dancers that performed regularly for German and Austrian soldiers. Eventually, the troupe was transferred back to Germany and performed several times a day in and around Berlin. By 1944, the Russians were advancing and it was necessary for the troupe to leave Berlin. They headed south. Zhanna and Frina were with the troupe in Kempten, Germany when the Americans liberated the area.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAfter the war, Zhanna and Frina lived in a Displaced Persons [DP] camp near Munich known as Funk Kaserne. Larry Dawson, the camp’s American commander, offered to adopt the girls and get them to the United States. In 1946, the sisters boarded the first ship of DPs to go to America. They arrived in New York City and then traveled by train to Crozet, Virginia, where they lived on a farm with the commander’s family. The girls auditioned for and were given full scholarships to the Juilliard School in New York City. While still in school, Zhanna married Larry’s brother, David, an accomplished viola player with a string quartet. They both became instructors at the University of Indiana in Bloomington. They had two sons. Zhanna eventually moved to Atlanta, Georgia. Her son, Greg, wrote a book about her experience entitled, Hiding in the Spotlight.\u003c/p\u003e (bioghist)","\u003cp\u003eZhanna describes her early life growing up in Berdjansk and Kharkov, Ukraine and how her love of music developed. She details how life changed under Stalin and again when World War II began. After the Germans invaded the Soviet Union in June of 1941, Zhanna recounts how the Jews of Kharkov were rounded up and then forced to march toward an unknown fate. She explains how her father bribed a guard so that she could escape. Zhanna considers the relationships between Jews and non-Jews in her childhood, the persecution her father experienced under Stalin, and how the Germans managed to get the Jews to submit. Zhanna recounts how a schoolmate’s family took her in, reunited her with her sister, and helped them travel to another city under false identities. She outlines the journey she and her sister made before being forced to play piano for a troupe of dancers performing for German and Austrian soldiers. She tells how they travelled to Germany as the Soviet troops advanced. Zhanna recalls her first encounter with Americans when the war ended. She tells how the commander of a Displaced Persons [DP] camp adopted the sisters and sent them back to the United States. She describes how they adjusted to life in American, studied at the Juilliard School, and how she met her husband. She reflects on her amazing story of survival, with all its twists and turns, and the kind of life she made for herself and her two sons. She often refers to the book her son Greg wrote about her experience entitled, Hiding in the Spotlight. She considers what role Judaism plays in her present life and how her experiences inform her political perspective.\u003c/p\u003e (scope content)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source Metadata URI"]},"value":{"en":["https://archivesspace.thebreman.org/repositories/2/archival_objects/28315"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}}],"summary":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eZhanna Arashanskaya Dawson interviewed by John Kent and Ruth Eistenstein on June 1, 2009 in Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eZhanna Arashanskaya was born on April 1, 1927 in Berdyansk, Ukraine to Sara and Dmitri Arshansky. She had one sister, Frina, who was two years younger. Zhanna developed a love of music early on and began piano lessons as a small child. Economic conditions then forced the family to move to Kharkov, where Zhanna and Frina were enrolled at the prestigious Kharkov Conservatory. Kharkov was occupied soon after the Germans invaded the Soviet Union in 1941. In December 1941, all of the Jews from Kharkov and the surrounding area were rounded up and marched to an abandoned tractor factory outside of Kharkov. After a few weeks, the Jews—including Zhanna, her sister, parents, and grandparents—were marched out of the city toward a ravine called Drobitsky Yar. Realizing they were to be executed, her father bribed a guard to look the other way as Zhanna stepped out and blended in with the citizens on the side of the road watching.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eZhanna went back to Kharkov and was given shelter by a schoolmate’s family. She was soon reunited with her sister, who had also escaped. The sisters adopted false identities and headed to the city of Poltava. When the families they stayed with grew suspicious, the girls headed to an orphanage in the town of Kremenchug. When their musical talents were discovered, the girls were taken out of the orphanage and became piano players for a troupe of dancers that performed regularly for German and Austrian soldiers. Eventually, the troupe was transferred back to Germany and performed several times a day in and around Berlin. By 1944, the Russians were advancing and it was necessary for the troupe to leave Berlin. They headed south. Zhanna and Frina were with the troupe in Kempten, Germany when the Americans liberated the area.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAfter the war, Zhanna and Frina lived in a Displaced Persons [DP] camp near Munich known as Funk Kaserne. Larry Dawson, the camp’s American commander, offered to adopt the girls and get them to the United States. In 1946, the sisters boarded the first ship of DPs to go to America. They arrived in New York City and then traveled by train to Crozet, Virginia, where they lived on a farm with the commander’s family. The girls auditioned for and were given full scholarships to the Juilliard School in New York City. While still in school, Zhanna married Larry’s brother, David, an accomplished viola player with a string quartet. They both became instructors at the University of Indiana in Bloomington. They had two sons. Zhanna eventually moved to Atlanta, Georgia. Her son, Greg, wrote a book about her experience entitled, Hiding in the Spotlight.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eZhanna describes her early life growing up in Berdjansk and Kharkov, Ukraine and how her love of music developed. She details how life changed under Stalin and again when World War II began. After the Germans invaded the Soviet Union in June of 1941, Zhanna recounts how the Jews of Kharkov were rounded up and then forced to march toward an unknown fate. She explains how her father bribed a guard so that she could escape. Zhanna considers the relationships between Jews and non-Jews in her childhood, the persecution her father experienced under Stalin, and how the Germans managed to get the Jews to submit. Zhanna recounts how a schoolmate’s family took her in, reunited her with her sister, and helped them travel to another city under false identities. She outlines the journey she and her sister made before being forced to play piano for a troupe of dancers performing for German and Austrian soldiers. She tells how they travelled to Germany as the Soviet troops advanced. Zhanna recalls her first encounter with Americans when the war ended. She tells how the commander of a Displaced Persons [DP] camp adopted the sisters and sent them back to the United States. She describes how they adjusted to life in American, studied at the Juilliard School, and how she met her husband. She reflects on her amazing story of survival, with all its twists and turns, and the kind of life she made for herself and her two sons. She often refers to the book her son Greg wrote about her experience entitled, Hiding in the Spotlight. She considers what role Judaism plays in her present life and how her experiences inform her political perspective.\u003c/p\u003e"]},"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/103/812/small/Dawson_Zhanna.mp4_1609191588.jpg?1609173589","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - Dawson_Zhanna.mp4"]},"duration":10850.34,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/103/812/small/Dawson_Zhanna.mp4_1609191588.jpg?1609173589","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-thebreman.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/103/812/original/Dawson_Zhanna.mp4?1609173581","type":"Video","format":"video/mp4","duration":10850.34,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Zhanna Dawson [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"KENT: It is June 1, 2009. We are in Atlanta, Georgia. I am John Kent.\n\nDAWSON: How do you do?\n\nKENT: Let's start with what your name was when you were born.\n\nDAWSON: I was lucky to get it back. I still have the same name, but there was a\nlong, long interruption by the war. My name is Zhanna.\n\nKENT: Spell that.\n\nDAWSON: It's spelled in English . . . Z-H-A-N-N-A. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There is one letter for Z-H\nin Russian so you don't need two letters. It's 'Zhanna'. The name comes from\nMark Twain's version of Joan of Arc. The book came to Russia and was translated\nthe year when my mother was pregnant with her first child. This is [I am] the\nchild she had. She said she fell in love with Joan of Arc.\n\nKENT: What was your last name at the time?\n\nDAWSON: Arshanskaya. My father was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Arshansky.\n\nKENT: Spell that also.\n\nDAWSON: A-R-S-H-N-S-K-A . . . No, better not to end up with \"A.\" Then it would\nbe Polish. Better go to \"Y\" . . . Arshansky. Every name in Russia is spelled\ndifferently in the ending, depending on what sex the person is, or ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=60.0,90.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"whether it is\na plural, a crowd of Arshanskys, or one person Arshansky. It has too many\nvariations. I am giving you an average because we are trying to accommodate\nAmericans so they don't have to suffer for nothing. It is too much.\n\nKENT: What was your mom's name?\n\nDAWSON: My mother was Sara Constantinov, because the father was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=90.0,120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Constantine. My\nmiddle name is Dmitrinov. My father was Dmitri.\n\nKENT: Were there any brothers or sisters?\n\nDAWSON: Yes, I do have a sister two years younger than myself. Her name is\nFrina. Frina is a Greek name. My mother was a reader. She was reading Mark Twain\nfor me. She was reading Greek Mythology for the younger ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=120.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"child. I have never met\nanother Frina. I know a lot of Friedas. Frieda is maybe sort of a common name in\nJewish families, but not Frina. It [my sister] is the only one.\n\nKENT: What year were you born?\n\nDAWSON: I was born on February 1, 1927.\n\nKENT: Where ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=150.0,180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"exactly in Russia were you born?\n\nDAWSON: Exactly in the same town that my mother was born and all of her family,\nher brothers and sisters, too. The name is Berdjansk [Ukraine]. It is spelled .\n. . B-E-R-D-J-A-N-S-K.\n\nKENT: About where is it or what big city is it near so we can place it?\n\nDAWSON: It is on the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=180.0,210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"berg of the Sea of Azov. It is famous for its soil,\nweather, and food. [It is a] very famous place for wonderful produce and\neverything else that you eat . . . fish--unheard of . . . just unbelievable. [I\nam] very lucky that way. I fell in love with my town I think the first day when\nI was born. At three years old, I was already climbing ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=210.0,240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"out of the fences and\ngoing into town by myself. I really knew my town. That is what I lived for.\n\nKENT: Describe the town or the parts that you knew.\n\nDAWSON: Where we lived, the streets were lined with cobblestones only. The trees\nwere lined with rows of wonderful blooming acacia--rich, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=240.0,270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"healthy trees. The\nsmell and everything was wonderful to me as a child, except for one thing. I\ndiscovered that there were caterpillars. I am still scared of caterpillars. I\nsimply scream like a baby. I can't stand the sight because they wiggle and they\nremind me sort of like a tiny snake. We [were] surrounded by those. [It was]\nclean . . . The land was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=270.0,300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"flat, except when we went to the cemetery. There was\nsort of like a mound, but not a very high mound. That's the only place where I\nsaw something like a mound. Otherwise, we had beaches--a beach for animals, a\nbeach for women, a beach for men, and a beach for everybody. I visited all of\nthem every day.\n\nKENT: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=300.0,330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The beaches were segregated?\n\nDAWSON: No, not segregated. You could've . . . as a kid, I was allowed into any.\nI was a little scared of cows, horses, and dogs so I would just be careful\nthere, but I had to see what they do. Then I would go to visit other beaches.\nNobody ever bothered me or told me not to. I didn't stay anywhere very long. I\nwas ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=330.0,360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"investigating. I didn't come to swim. I was not allowed to swim by myself.\nThat was a very big deal for me. Then at nighttime, [my father's friend,] the\nphotographer, Nicoli, came. When the outside was still plenty of light, he would\nwalk over to our house. My father would finish his candy-making ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=360.0,390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"job, which he\ndid for livelihood. He would take his violin and stand with the violin peering\ndown on a picture of Niccolo Paganini.\n\nDAWSON: He would come something like seven o'clock at night maybe, or six\no'clock. I would wait for him on the corner ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=390.0,420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for him to come because I had to be\nthere when they were playing. My father and he played wonderful music--all the\noperatic scores transposed. I learned all of my operatic music that way. My\nfather was a self-taught violinist. The pianist was something like self-taught,\ntoo. To me, it was the end of the world. It was just music. I was very ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=420.0,450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"happy.\nNicoli would see me while I was waiting. I would run to him and he would throw\nme in the air. I was no more than . . . three. He would carry me in the house,\nsit down at the piano, put me in his lap, and start playing. My father would\nplay and I would just very happy there. I would make some fuss, and bother them,\nand disturb [them], so they wanted me out of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=450.0,480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there. They couldn't do that. I\nabsolutely ruined everything just to be there. I insisted. They had to move a\nbed into the living room so I would go to sleep. One day, my father decided to\ninvite a friend piano teacher to the house, to come during the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=480.0,510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"dinnertime, and\ntalk to us. He decided, the parents decided, that I had been walking streets\nlong enough. The policemen were bringing me home. They knew me. I went to all\nthe funerals. I cried with all the funerals. I went to all the churches where\nthe service was. I used to go and run after the people who were [being] taken to\nthe hospital. I would go there to see what was going on. That was my occupation.\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=510.0,540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I never played with the kids there. I never had a friend. I didn't need one.\nFirst, they put me in Kindergarten. When I got there, I was near five years old.\nThe children were supposed to be something like my age, but I was like a giant\nthere. They were tiny. They had dripping noses, G-d forbid! I never had a\ndripping ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=540.0,570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"nose. Their dripping noses were going right into the kasha. I thought it was very\ndisgusting! I just simply hated it. The teacher paid no attention to me at all.\nThey were busy with the children. I would watch what they were doing, and I\nthought it was the most boring thing in the world. I already could count, and\nread, and add, and subtract, and everything. That was before I started ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=570.0,600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"piano.\n\nKENT: Was that a public school or Jewish school?\n\nDAWSON: No. It was just in the morning time. I would come to mother and father\nin bed and they would tell me things. I would remember and I knew those things.\nI also loved reading Krylov . . . the things for . . . that are fairy tales for\nchildren. What are they called?\n\nKENT: Fables?\n\nDAWSON: Fables! Thank ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=600.0,630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you. I haven't said this word in years. Yes, basnya\n[Russian: fable] in Russian. It has no connection to fable, the word. When the\n[piano] teacher came to visit us and sat down at the table, she said, \"What am I\nhere for?\" My father said, \"She . . . We have to take her off the streets.\nPlease, please take her for a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=630.0,660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"pupil.\" She looked at me and said, \"She is small.\"\nShe looked at my hand. She couldn't see anything but dimples. [It was] a fat\nlittle hand. That's all. She said, \"I don't know,\" very weary. She was really\nundecided the whole dinner. My father begged her, \"Please, just take her. Let\nher go somewhere every ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=660.0,690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"day.\" The lesson was every day and I was to walk there.\nIt was just to take me, to send me somewhere, because I quit the kindergarten.\nThey had to take me out of there. They put me with the [piano] teacher. I would\ntake two hours to get there--just about three blocks. I had a great interest on\nthe way. There as an apothecary. [The] apothecary fascinated me. I just wanted\nso badly to go in and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=690.0,720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"just look at it. I never did any harm to anything. Those\nwhite . . . in all the apothecary, those white jars--porcelain? I would look at\nthat with such envy. I just prayed somebody would give me one of those things,\nbut they never did. They would allow me to come in. I had to climb five steps.\nThat was on the way to the teacher. I would be allowed to stand and watch. I\nwould ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=720.0,750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"stand there a long time. I don't know how they didn't kick me out of\nthere. Finally, I would reach the teacher's place. That was wonderful, because\nshe wasn't there and the baby was there with the servant. The baby was two years\nold. That was wonderful. She had all the toys. I played with the baby and was\nvery happy because I didn't want to take piano lessons. I was delighted with the\nmusic that I heard. I still am. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=750.0,780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm really a listener. That's where you learn\nthe music. You listen and you learn. Then the teacher has very little to do. The\nteacher has a very easy job if you get a kid that knows the music. That's what\nyou need. People don't understand it, but musicians know it. I'll be waiting for\nmy teacher all [day]. [It] doesn't matter how long she took or how late she\ncame. Then, we'd sit down to the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=780.0,810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"piano to have a lesson. She had a round chair\nthat went around. It had the lining, the material which you sat [on], had all\nthe holes . . . [points to a similar item] That's what I mean. The seat was like\nthat. The teacher . . . I would play anything. Anything that I played, don't ask\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=810.0,840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"me what it was. I have no idea. I didn't want to do the lessons. I knew the\nnotes. My father taught me that in bed where all the notes are . . . till [I\nknew them by] the memory. I had no idea but one ledger line. I completely\nfinished my education. I thought was wonderful. I know the staff line. That's\nit, I decided. I'm not going to [learn more], because it's no fun. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=840.0,870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The teacher\nwould sometimes hit me with a pencil on my arm. That didn't matter to me. I\nwasn't offended or anything. I just thought my teacher was like a goddess to me.\nI thought she was a perfection of a human being. She couldn't do wrong. That was\nmy idea of my teacher. I never said one word to her the entire time I studied\nwith her. I never said one ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=870.0,900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"word. Don't ask me why. I don't understand but that's\nthe truth. I had some sort of fear or awe. I was completely in awe of her. She\nwould give me an announcement, a homework assignment. I would come home. The\nfirst thing I would do was go outside. In the summertime, there was a stove ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=900.0,930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for\nbeing heated with . . . not just the coals, but wood. Naturally, the burns fell\ninto the bottom. I thought, \"That's the place to put the announcement,\" so\nnobody would find it. I wasn't interested in doing the announcement. Then I saw\nsome ledger lines and said, \"Oh, no. Not me!\" Imagine a kid ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=930.0,960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"deciding herself\nwhat she is going to do or what she's not. I was interested in music. I didn't\nwant all those lines and things, no! I suppose I practiced. My father would\ninvite friends, close the shutters inside. I don't know what I played. I do know\none thing. In one year, the teacher came . . . I am skipping something . . . The\nteacher had one concert for her ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=960.0,990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"students. I never met any of the students. I was\nthe smallest. I was playing with the baby. I spent so many hours there. That was\nthe first time I met them. I had to play something. I don't know what I played,\nbut the teacher was pleased. Alright, that's all I can tell you about that. A\nyear later, after I started, the teacher came to the house and told my father,\n\"I would like her to appear on the radio.\" ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=990.0,1020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"By that time, I was playing [the]\nfirst Invention by [Johann Sebastian] Bach [with] two voice[s], not three\nvoice[s]. [hums] That one. I knew how to play that. My father took me to the\nradio [station]. We had to walk a few blocks. He went into the room where the\npiano was. It was a room without windows. It had a carpet there and a\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=1020.0,1050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"piano--that was all--and, of course, a seat. I had never played on a grand piano\nbefore. He told me that there, somewhere in the wall, there is going to be a\nvoice that will tell me to start and I am to start. He wanted to go home and\nlisten with our friends at home. The radio and the electricity in Berdjansk\nplayed a big game. It almost never was on. It was once in a while. We thought we\nhad radio and electricity. We didn't know any ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=1050.0,1080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"better. It was just a terrible\ncase of it. The man said, \"Start,\" and I started. As soon as I started, in a few\nbars, the electricity went off. There I was in the dark, all alone in the room\nwith a grand piano, brand new. I went ahead and played my \"Invention\" to the\nvery end. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=1080.0,1110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That was something that my father never forgot. He knew the light went\noff. He knew he trained me to play in the dark, because he would close the\nshutters. I found out only when I became a teacher and I started teaching many\npeople, many beginners and saw them develop . . . I thought, \"Well, pretty soon\nI'm going to give this [student] the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=1110.0,1140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"first Invention of Bach.\" [I was] thinking\nit is an easy piece. Do you know that I never had anyone play it well? I never\nhad a pupil who played this Invention well except someone who was very advanced.\nIt is not the same, the first Invention.\" It shows that it's not an easy piece.\n[Even my father's friend,] Nicoli, who was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=1140.0,1170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a whiz playing all the transcriptions\nand everything, he couldn't play the Invention. Bach is funny. You know what\nBach is like? I mean for a pianist. Both hands are completely evenly\ndistributed. That's why it was so difficult. I didn't know that. [A] kid doesn't\nknow difficulties.\n\nKENT: Could you describe your parents just a little bit, as to what kind of\npeople they were?\n\nDAWSON: There is no question. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=1170.0,1200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There is no bigger hero in my life than my mother.\nShe was a quiet person, delicate person, beautifully mannered without any malice\never to anybody. [She was] a superb housewife, wonderful cook and mother. When\nthe Germans came and took us out to the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=1200.0,1230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ghetto, she did things that discounted\nherself completely. No one could stop her. She would get up, and get out of the\nghetto, and risk her life to be killed. Then [she would] walk--goodness knows\nwhere--and then come back. That was the last thing she did. I always think that\nI cannot compare anybody's heroism to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=1230.0,1260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it, but my father finished it in the\ncolumn--in the death column--when I jumped out. My father started a conversation\nwith a Ukrainian guard. There were Germans with the big rubber whips surrounding\nboth sides of the columns of Jews and there were Ukrainians in between with\nrifles. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=1260.0,1290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I heard my father talk to this Ukrainian. He put on Ukrainian language,\nbecause he spoke Russian. He grew up in Poltava [Ukraine]. He knew Ukrainian. He\nsaid, \"Look, take a look at me.\" He said, \"You know I am not a Jew. See my two\nchildren. They are not Jewish either. That is why I am not a Jew. My wife is\ndifferent.\" My mother was a beautiful Jewish person, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=1290.0,1320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but she looked Jewish. My\nfather didn't and us kids really didn't either. He took out his one lifetime\nthing--a golden pocket watch. He was holding it like this to him so he [the\nUkranian guard] saw it. He [indicated he] would give to him. He said to the\nguard, \"Look ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=1320.0,1350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"away if my child steps out.\" I was next to father, walking and\nlistening. I thought, \"That's what he wants me to do? Well, how am I going to do\nit?\" Seeing everything around, you'd be surprised. A lot of Jews were walking,\ntoo. They heard what my father was saying. They were as tight and tense about it\nas anybody. I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=1350.0,1380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"mean, everyone for everyone else. If anybody can jump out, G-d\nbless them. I knew that my sister . . . I always thought that [she seemed] not\ntwo years, but 10 years younger than me. She never went out of the gate by\nherself, never. She was always with mother. She always loved dolls. She was\ndevoted to the dolls. I never touched a doll. I just wanted my apothecary and\ngoing into town. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=1380.0,1410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That is what I wanted. I knew he didn't mean my sister. He\nmeant me. I had to jump out somehow. Next to me was mother, and then my sister,\nand me, my father, grandfather, and grandmother. Six of us made a row in this .\n. . enormous column and many, many [Jews] . . . 16,000. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=1410.0,1440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I was looking and I\nlooked at the side of the road and I couldn't believe it. A big ball, huge,\nbigger than this [indicates something very large] of wire with sticks . . . what\ndo you call it?\n\nKENT: Barbed wire?\n\nDAWSON: Barbed wire, rolled up. When you roll it up, it is stiff. There is in\nthe middle a hole. When I looked at that, I saw ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=1440.0,1470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"two women standing, watching the\ncolumn. I knew they're not Jews. They're onlookers. I thought, \"If I don't jump\nnow, I never will. Because I will be . . .\" I immediately understood, \"I'll be\none of the onlookers. I can pretend. I'll become one of the onlookers.\" I\npretended that I was doing something with that wire. I moved out, stepped inside\nthe hole, and looked at the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=1470.0,1500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"women. They were looking at me, terrified. I just\nwas stationary. I looked back. There was a German with whip. He was looking at\nme and not doing a thing about it. Finally, he passed me. [The] Ukrainian was\nalready in front, walking ahead of me. There I was. I realized I am apart from\nthe column. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=1500.0,1530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Anything could have happened to me at any instance. I could have\nbeen killed many ways.\n\nKENT: Did you know what going on in terms of where all those people were going\nand what was happening?\n\nDAWSON: That is a very good question. We had been told lies--all kinds of\nlies--ever since Germans invaded Russia.\n\nKENT: About when was that? Just to get . . .\n\nDAWSON: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=1530.0,1560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"June 21, 1941. That was only two or three months after Babi Yar. Babi\nYar [was] where 34,000 Jews were massacred in two days. The Germans had their\nline of thinking and of action. They would choose a very high place with a\nravine. They would kill people, or not kill, and throw them down there. The ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=1560.0,1590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"dead\nand the not dead would be buried then, but get it out of the sight. In my\nopinion, to this day, I don't know anything I despise more in any government or\npeople is the secrecy and lies. The way they could do any hideous thing through\nsecrecy and lies. They can do anything. Stalin ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=1590.0,1620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"knew it all--every bit of it. He\nnever said a word to the Jewish population [such as], \"We want to save your\nlives. We will give you a train and take you all away from [here] because they\nare killing Jews.\" We didn't know anything. My father . . . when he heard that\nthe Germans are killing Jews he didn't believe it. He said, \"That's a lie.\" My\nfather didn't believe it because he was in Poltava--a beautiful, historic\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=1620.0,1650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ukrainian city, gorgeous. He was living there. The Germans came in the First\nWorld War and they were looking for Jews--to make friends because they spoke\nYiddish. They made friends. My father had friends, German soldiers, and then we\nordered a piano from Germany. We had an upright piano from Germany--a beautiful\npiano. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=1650.0,1680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We'd order music from there, written music. Music is music. Anybody can\nread it. We had piles of it and everything. We said, \"Why? Who is going to\nbelieve them killing us? We're friends!\" Stalin could have changed it. Any one\nof them could have changed it. They didn't, so we're not obligated with any thanks.\n\nKENT: What were you all told where were you all ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=1680.0,1710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"going?\n\nDAWSON: As I said, that's excellent question. We were told and we were hoping\nthat we were being sent to work. We were willing to work. Of course, this is no\nblessing, working. It's the working conditions that mattered, not the fact that\nyou had to work. We didn't mind the idea of work. Still, my father and I . . .\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=1710.0,1740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to this day, I am still a very gullible person. For instance, I blame myself\nwhen I hear such horrendous person is in Iran--[Mahmoud] Ahmadinejad--speak and\nthere is a threat of nuclear weapon. Especially the persecution. I just don't\nthink there is anything worse. We were under bombs all the time. Since the first\nday of war in Russia, the bombs ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=1740.0,1770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were everywhere. Every night, we had to go\nsomewhere, either down in the ground or in some hotel or for some reason was\nsafer than our place. We had to walk somewhere and sleep there. I was never\nscared. What we went through, to be running away from persecution all the years\nof war, that's what we were ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=1770.0,1800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"scared to death [of] is to be grabbed by some people\nwith hate. When the bombs [fall], they fall on everybody. Just so you can be\nwith everybody equal. That's a very strong thing. It's stronger than the fear of\ndeath. Persecution is the most ugly thing on earth . . .\n\nKENT: Briefly, before the war started what were the relationships between the\nJews and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=1800.0,1830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"non-Jews where you grew up?\n\nDAWSON: We were the only Jews that we knew on our street. We were there for five\n[or] six years. We never experienced any kind of open hatred. Maybe sometimes\nsomebody will mention, \"Ah, you know, did you hear somebody say that he's a\n'yid'?\" ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=1830.0,1860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In Russian it's . . . [a derogatory term] like a \"negro.\" It would hurt\nus. We weren't religious Jews. There were no religious Jews. I'd never seen a\nrabbi in my life in Russia and I never seen a synagogue. There were none. The\nchurches, they exploited . . . but not all of them. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=1860.0,1890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Some people still had some\nparaphernalia in the house with symbols of Christianity. The Christian people,\nthey didn't know when I was a child if I were a Jew or not. Nobody asked me. I\nlearned I was a Jew because, when I was five years old, I had to guard my father\nin Berdjansk, in the little town. They took him six times to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=1890.0,1920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"interrogation. They\nwould say, \"You are a Jew. You are rich. You give us your money.\" My father\nwould take out the watch, the same thing he had in gold. They said, \"We are not\ninterested in your watch. We want your money.\" This is completely off the wall\nthing. Why would a Jew--a working Jew--have golden money? Anyway, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=1920.0,1950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they let him\nout every time, but we never knew whether they would let him go or not. People\nwere snatched in the middle of the night everywhere.\n\nKENT: Who was interrogating him or . . .\n\nDAWSON: [The Komitet Gosudarstvennoi Bezopanosti] KGB. There is also [Narodnyy\nKomissariat Vnutrennikh Del] NKVD . . . I don't know how many Americans\nunderstand NKVD. It's the abbreviation for the same thing as KGB, only a new\nname. It was there for ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=1950.0,1980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"years. You were interested in knowing what the\nmotivations they gave us, if any, when they . . . were pushing us out of our\nlives. The conversation was always [that] they had some camps. We understand\nthere were some camps where people worked. Not until the time when we actually ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=1980.0,2010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"left our houses and we are together\nin one spot, which was very much at the end of our street. It was very public\nand still there was no knowledge. Still we were hoping that it was some special\nplace, which is not going to be nice at all, but is going to be anything but\ndeath. We didn't understand. We ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=2010.0,2040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"weren't criminals. We were citizens, very lawful\ncitizens. That's what happened. We gathered in one place, and the Germans were\ntaking pictures and laughing at us. That was very painful. That was horrible.\nPeople standing on the street, watching, not knowing anything either. Nobody\nknew anything. This is how you can do to people anything. This is why ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=2040.0,2070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when there\nis a government that won't tell you things, I never trust that for a second. I\njust despise that. We had to walk 20 kilometers [12 miles] all day long--winter,\nthe worst Russian winter. Night came and we still weren't at the ghetto. We went\nto the tractors, zavod [Russian: factory]--zavod means ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=2070.0,2100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"tractor factory--with\nbarracks designated for us to fill up, but we didn't reach. It was too far. My\nfamily--mother, father, my sister, and I . . . four of us. We lost track of the\ngrandparents--we found ourselves in a big field--very cold winter\nwind--unbearable. Only ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=2100.0,2130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"three people would fit into the little wooden structure,\nwhatever it was designated for. It was about this narrow and this wide\n[indicates size with arms] so three of us could fit in, but not four. We had to\ntake [turns]. Especially when I think of my mother . . . she had asthma, and her\nheart wasn't good, and her shoes weren't designed for anything like that. I\ndon't know how she endured it. I think about it so many times, practically every\nday. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=2130.0,2160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We pulled through the night and started walking again. That wasn't too\nterribly far away. [A] couple of hours and we were at the ghetto. The ghetto:\nthe buildings [had] filthy floors, wet, cement. That was the ghetto. We were\nallowed . . . all of us were taken together to fill up some ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=2160.0,2190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"containers with\nwater only twice in two weeks. Not a crumb of food ever. Nothing. Bathrooms was\nthe worst thing of all. Bathrooms [were a] disgrace. Old women having to go to\nthe bathroom like that. It just hurts to talk about it. It was totally inhuman.\nThen, one day ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=2190.0,2220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we saw a pyramid being built right in the middle of the small\nghetto. It was growing and growing. What it was, they wanted all of our\npossessions, absolutely anything, all that we had to be piling up. It just kept\ngrowing. They took everything. The Germans were greedy, stingy, merciless. They\ntook everything they could. We were ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=2220.0,2250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"left with nothing. Then I saw, everybody\nsaw, trucks coming in. One truck [was an] open truck with babies, all the babies\nin one truck. Then some more possessions in another truck. Naturally, the people\nwho could not walk--the elderly . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=2250.0,2280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they said--the idiots--they said they were\ngoing to Poltava, that we were walking to Poltava. [We were actually going]\nexactly the opposite. Poltava is south of Kharkov. We were going north. One\nsolitary road and it was north. We were going to Poltava. My father looked once\nand said, \"Forget it. We are not going to Poltava.\" We knew then. Even then,\nwhen we knew this was a death ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=2280.0,2310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"march. Saying 'death' is one thing. Knowing what\nkind of death is another thing. Facing it is something else. A human being just\ndoes not visualize being dead. You just don't know yourself being dead. We\nstarted walking. It was just about mid-day when they created these huge, long\ncolumns all ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=2310.0,2340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"six people [wide]. I think I ran away within the first 15 minutes of\nwalking, but then my sister two days later appeared where I was hidden. People\nsaw her and came and said \"You know, people are saying her sister is in town, on\nthe street, too.\" The people who saved my life immediately said, \"Bring her here\nright away.\" ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=2340.0,2370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They were risking their lives. It wouldn't have taken any but seconds.\n\nEINSTEIN: Who were they?\n\nDAWSON: They are righteous. They are very much honored. They are Ukrainians.\nThey were very well educated [and] very wealthy for the place where we're\ntalking about--Russia.\n\nKENT: Do you remember their names?\n\nDAWSON: Names . . . my son and daughter-in-law went and visited ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=2370.0,2400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"them [the\nBoganchas family]. We correspond. We talk on the telephone for hours. No, they\nare famous. There aren't too many of them--people like that. How I ended up with\nthem and my sister . . . all that is a marvelous story. [In] the book . . . when\nI talk about [my experience] . . . has to be a part of the book, all ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=2400.0,2430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this . . .\nbecause this story lasts so long over so many places and so many wild things\nhappen that only could be planted . . . I am not really a believer in G-d. I am,\nin a very extreme case, that I think this universe somehow had to be put\ntogether so perfectly. You are sitting here with your brain working and me and\nthere are three people . . . I mean, we ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=2430.0,2460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"all have a body, and all have a brain,\nand eyes, and everything. Who did it? This is what really puzzles me. I am sort\nof like a scientist who knows high science and then they believe in G-d because\nthey don't think they can figure it out. How is it possible to make such\nperfection of each little place--the fingers, the eyes? It's just . . . When I\nthink about ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=2460.0,2490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this book and Greg [my son] and I get together, we talk about the\nstory. No such a story we think, because it happened in so many places and so\nunexpected turnout of things. People sacrificed their lives for us, not only the\nBoganchas--that is their name--but also during the time when we were forced to\nbe moving out. All we wanted to do was stay in our town. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=2490.0,2520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We had to change names.\nI had to change my birthday nine months, because I could not be 14. All we\nwanted to be was in an orphanage. We knew that since we were musicians who\nplayed a lot there and people knew us, people would recognize us. That is what\nhappened. People would recognize us and go and report to the Germans. The\nGermans would say, \"We need a pianist. We don't have anyone playing.\" [They\nneeded people] being able to play so they can put on a play for soldiers. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=2520.0,2550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I\nfound myself playing, hiding in the spotlight. That's my daughter-in-law's name\n[for the book]. Candy's his [Greg's] wife. She's a marvel. She named the book\nthis way. Otherwise, it was going to be Fantaisie-Impromptu,\n[Frederik] Chopin's piece, because I loved it. I knew how to play it. When I\nhad to leave the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=2550.0,2580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"house, there was no room to take anything. I couldn't take\nanything anymore and the piano couldn't be taken. They took away my father's\nviolin the very first time. As soon as they [the Germans] walked into the town,\nthey came in to see what they can take away from us. They looked at the piano\nand they saw the violin and immediately took it. It was a lifetime possession of\ncourse. I saw Fantaisie-Impromptu on the stand on my piano and I just ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=2580.0,2610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"grabbed it\nand put it right on me from here to there [indicates how she hid the music on\nher body]. I had it on my stomach, I think all the way to America. I brought it\nhere. I just never parted with it. I kept playing it during the whole war.\nPeople just loved the piece. They were crazy about the piece. It is funny\nbecause now, whenever somebody hears that I don't play piano, they can't\nunderstand ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=2610.0,2640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"why. For instance . . . Rabbi [David] Silverman. He's so famous.\nPeople are crazy about him. There is a lot to be crazy about. He's the most\nknowledgeable person--most wide, broad-minded person, knows music and\neverything. I never had enough time to talk to him for more than five minutes.\nHe never asked me why I don't play. He assumed that maybe I don't want to play.\nI think he is ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=2640.0,2670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"quite peeved about that. People were hateful to me when they found\nout that I'm not going to play anymore. They say, \"You can't do that.\" I say,\n\"Hey, I want to be independent and have my spine work for me so I can butter my\nbread.\" When you do play, there isn't that much appreciation . . . yes, it's\nfine. They take it for granted. When you stop, [they say,] \"You have ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=2670.0,2700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"no right to\nstop playing!\" as though I like the situation. I love to play, but I inherited\nmy father's weakness. He was a very strong man. I am strong too. I have\nwonderful strong health. He always complained about a shoulder blade. You had to\nhold violin like this. [against the shoulder] He always fidget and everything. I\nfound out when I started playing ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=2700.0,2730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"piano--being in school, sitting down and\neverything--that's when I found out I have a pain--something with muscles, maybe\nshorter muscles or something. I knew at the age of eight years old that it was a\nbad pain, but the child goes running and everything. That's what was needed--[a\ndiagnosis] from a knowledgeable person that would tell me what to do, but nobody\nknew anything. They didn't know ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=2730.0,2760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"smoking kills people--really kills. That's how\nmy husband died. I kept playing concerts, playing day and night. I started\nrehearsing with the ballet in the theater--that's with the Germans. There would\nbe the ballet, then the choir, then the soloists, and then singers. I was the\nonly pianist. I would just play and play ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=2760.0,2790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"forever. Then in the evening [I would]\nwalk out and play some solo for them.\n\nKENT: Who was the audience exactly?\n\nDAWSON: The audience were the Germans. It was the German army . . . anybody. If\nthe officers find out there is a good show, then they will join the soldiers.\nOtherwise, [it was] Austrian soldiers, and German soldiers, and there were also Italians.\n\nKENT: Where exactly was this?\n\nDAWSON: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=2790.0,2820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This was in the town of Kremenchug [Ukraine], which was . . . we reached\nPoltava. Then from Poltava, we had to run because people recognized us. We had\nfalse names and we were calling each other old names. We moved to Kremenchug.\nThe most ridiculous story happened in Kremenchug when we came there. We made a\nup a new story that we had an aunt there in Kremenchug and we were looking for\nan aunt. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=2820.0,2850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Naturally, her name was Morosova. Our false name was Morosova. Moros in\nRussian is frost--common name. It was a false name. We walked into Kremenchug\nand knocked on the window or on the door and people say, \"Yes, what do you\nwant?\" [We said,] \"We are looking for our aunt.\" [They asked,] \"What's her\nname?\" [We answered,] \"Morosova.\" The woman answers, \"Well, you know, she died\nrecently.\" ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=2850.0,2880.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That was a disaster. We didn't have any idea of what to do. We didn't\nknow anything about this nonexistent person. To them, that's a woman they knew\nwell. They got together. People started . . . the neighbors got together [and\nsaid], \"Here are the nieces. They are looking. The nieces . . . Morosova . . .\"\nThey were talking among themselves and everything. [We thought,] \"Oh, mercy!\nThey ask us any question about our aunt . . . What are we going to do? Our heads\nwill ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=2880.0,2910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"be [cut off].\" This kind of thing happened. We finally did reach the\norphanage, the only orphanage. We were snatched out of there. Actually, we\ninvoluntarily left it. We didn't want to leave the orphanage. The suspicion of\nwhy . . . because there was hunger there, and lice, and we wanted to stay there.\nWe weren't allowed once they heard us play. There was a piano that we ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=2910.0,2940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"played for\nourselves. They said \"No, there is nobody here in town that plays like this.\nYou've got to play. You don't want to stay here with these overgrown cucumbers\nand all this lice.\" [We said,] \"No, we want to stay.\" We weren't allowed. If we\nhad insisted on staying, they would interview us. That's what you are doing. Now\nI can tell you about the orphanage, but at that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=2940.0,2970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"time . . .\n\nKENT: Do you remember the name of the orphanage?\n\nDAWSON: Greg, my son, is amazing. He has found on internet things you would\nnever dream of. There in Kremenchug, in that town, what we did find--twin\nsisters look exactly alike, old ladies--they heard us play in Kremenchug. We\nfound out 60 years later. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=2970.0,3000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Their pictures . . . They went to Kharkov [Ukraine],\nthat's the name of our town. Kiev [Ukraine] is huge and so is Kharkov. Kharkov\n[has] over a million people, but more now. The first museum in Ukraine is in\nKharkov. The first trial of Germans was in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=3000.0,3030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Kharkov. They hung three Germans and\none Ukrainian for doing what they were doing. I don't think necessarily just to\nthe Jews, because they were doing horrible things against everyone. The German\nlife was not nearly as sweet as they anticipated because Stalin burned\neverything. Everything was burned. There was no food or anything. That is why\nthe people were walking ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=3030.0,3060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in streams from Kharkov to Poltava, where it was not the\nsituation. They didn't burn everything. It's not a big city. In Kremenchug, it\nwas pretty well intact. There were no stores. You couldn't buy anything. The\ntown, the houses stood up.\n\nKENT: Did you have any knowledge of where your mother and father went to after\nyou were separated?\n\nDAWSON: No . . . I still think about ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=3060.0,3090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that endlessly. Although I understand that\ntheir life ended the way . . . Babi Yar . . . Now I hear that some people in\nOdessa [Ukraine] also are saying the same way, in the ravine. That brings me to\nsomething I want to tell you about . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=3090.0,3120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I met a man yesterday that I think you\n[Ruth], and I, and also John . . . are very welcome to go with us to Odessa, New\nOdessa, the delicatessen. The people are from there. They know the history and\nhe was telling me the [unintelligible, 52:16, sounds like \"Storal\"] history\npartially. I really think we would enjoy this. Plus, the food is genuine. You\nask me ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=3120.0,3150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about their ending. We will never know individually how they died. We\nunderstand that there was only one more person--also a musician--that ran away\nfrom the columns and that's all. Can you imagine that only three people ran\naway--two sisters and a man? We don't know his name. We just heard that he was a\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=3150.0,3180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"musician. I don't know if we will ever know. Maybe he's dead already.\n\nKENT: What was day-to-day life like during that war period?\n\nDAWSON: [It] depended on whether you were in an orphanage, or whether you were\nplaying in a theater all day long, or you were performing. That's the way it\ngoes. The stay in Poltava was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=3180.0,3210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"unbelievable. That was the first place. Actually,\nthe very first place was to get away from Kharkov, our city . . . When we left\nKharkov, we had to get to Lyubotin. Lyubotin was just a village where the\nrailroad ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=3210.0,3240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"connected Kharkov and Poltava. That's what we needed. We wanted to get\nto Poltava. We did. It is amazingly funny, and dangerous, and everything what\nhappened in Poltava. The bridge we had to cross without documents with the\nGermans guarding, and the bread we ate in the train station, where a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=3240.0,3270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"man who\nslept through one night in the waiting room with us. There were 50 people there\nwaiting on another train. What are you going to do? [You] spend the night. We\nwere there. In the morning time, I was sitting as far away as you and I are\nsitting, and he decided to take his boots off--very high boots . . .\n\nDAWSON: This is absolutely ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=3270.0,3300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to die for, this story. This guy, he was tired of his\nboots. He pulled them off. Then he started taking off, unwrapping each rag. The\nrags were from the end of the foot to the knee and so were the boots. He had so\nmany rags wrapping his feet and his legs. We were ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=3300.0,3330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sitting [there with] nothing\nto do. All of us were the audience watching this operation. Then he reached for\nhis bag again after his feet were free from the rags and the boots here. He\nreached and he pulled out a pretty decent size loaf of bread with those hands\nthat he was doing . . . I was horrified. My sister and I just looked . . . I\nmean, we had the cleanest ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=3330.0,3360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"possible . . . my mother--the way everything was clean\n. . . and we saw those hands going and reaching that beautiful Ukrainian bread .\n. . black. We know what the Russian bread is like, what it should be like. By\nthe way, they are changing it now. It is just terrible. It is the best bread in\nthe world. We were so hungry. He ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=3360.0,3390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"tore off one piece and gave it to my sister.\nShe took it, and he tore off another piece and gave it to me. Naturally, I\nremembered what he was doing but there was no hesitation. I ate it knowing what\nthe hands did. I never will forget that: that I ate it. That's how hungry you\ncan get. It's ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=3390.0,3420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"filthy, but the bread was good. We had to wait to until morning\ntime until we could start walking into town. We were at the station. We were\ngoing to live in Poltava. We had to have daylight. We knew that we had to cross\nthe bridge and that's scary. It was a gray ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=3420.0,3450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"morning, gray light, gray air . . .\nsomething falling. I realized that we are in great danger, that we don't [have]\nno documents yet, no documents of any kind. I pulled something over to here.\n[indicates her lower face] I was trying to hide myself. My sister walked behind\nme. The German ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=3450.0,3480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"came very close to me with a rifle and pulled the cloth down and\nturned to his buddies and said, \"Das ist kinder [German: These are children].\nThis is kid.\" That did it. They stopped looking at us and we passed the bridge.\nThat was scary. Maybe that bread did give us courage. As soon as we crossed the\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=3480.0,3510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"bridge, we knew we had to start knocking on the doors and windows because we\ncan't survive in the cold. We knocked on the house that opened up. All the\nRussians always opened up. Not all of them. One percent sometimes don't open up\nand don't . . . but they were marvelous people. That's how we were saved. We\njust couldn't have done it without wonderful people helping each other. They let\nus in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=3510.0,3540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and . . . the window was allowing as much light in as this window here on\nthe porch. [Indicating the room they are in] It was wonderful. The sun was\n[shining] in and everything. The first thing they say is to sit down and eat.\nThey gave us something to eat. We talked. Whatever fables we were telling them\nabout our story [were] all false. Then, when we finished eating, I turned around\nand saw a piano there. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=3540.0,3570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The man said, \"You know, can you play the piano?\" I said,\n\"Ja [German: yes], I can.\" [He said,] \"Oh, good!\" I sat down and played. The man\nsaid, \"We need a teacher for our children. You, can you teach our children? We\nwant them to learn. Nobody is playing this piano.\" I thought, \"Uh, oh.\" They\nwere wonderful, great people, but we had to find an ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=3570.0,3600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"orphanage. We can't say it.\nWhen people invite you in, they would help us, to put us up, and everything. We\ndon't want it. We want to be in an orphanage. Why did we want to be in an\norphanage? Because they take children for a checkup, doctor's checkup. Many\nchildren in orphanages never knew their parents. They don't know anything [like]\nto whom they were born. They have no name and no ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=3600.0,3630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"time when they were born.\nThat's how orphanages are. We needed that so that we would be allowed to go and\nget papers with our [false] name. As I was saying about people want to hear a\nstory and you cannot find an opportunity to tell the story of how it started,\nwhere it ended. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=3630.0,3660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You can give the beginning and the end and nothing in the\nmiddle, because there are so many episodes that are so tremendously interesting,\nunexpected, unprepared, and all that. It is always a pity. You will tell, let's\nsay ten things that happened in the book and leave 90 others behind. The book\nisn't long. It's ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=3660.0,3690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"270 pages--no more. It's not a long book. I don't know whether\nto go on with Poltava, because we eventually we stayed there only a little over\na month, I think. We had to leave because the Russian people from Kharkov came\nto get some food and they saw us in the street. They had ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=3690.0,3720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"no idea what happened\nto us. They didn't know whether we died or not. Then when they would see us,\nthey would start screaming, \"You are alive! You are alive!\" and grab us and\neverything. Then somebody heard us call each other . . . instead of me being\ncalled \"Zhanna,\" she [my sister] called me \"Anna.\" The person who was helping us\nand keeping me in the house said, \"Hey, what's going on? I'm suspecting you.\" I\njust cried. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=3720.0,3750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I could hardly stop crying I was so scared. He was a very noble\nperson. His wife, by the way, was taken by the Russians before the war and sent\naway. She was a teacher. He was a professor. He ruled the town because he knew\nlanguages. He knew German in perfection.\n\nKENT: You had to watch out for both the Germans and the Russians. You had ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=3750.0,3780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"two\ndifferent types of enemies.\n\nDAWSON: You are so right, because anybody who knew us . . . the Russians knew\nus. The Germans . . . if they'd known we were Jewish, they wouldn't take us\nanywhere unless . . . My sister and I, we were never raped. We were not raped.\nThat is amazing these days when you see these free people what they ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=3780.0,3810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"do to each\nother. No war or anything and so many rapes. I always say, \"For goodness sakes!\nWhat kind of a world are we living in?\" When there was war on and there were two\nkids and they didn't do it, but they didn't know we were Jewish. They kept\nwanting to hear us play. I played [Edvard] Grieg's Concerto seven nights in a\nrow. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=3810.0,3840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They were bringing all kinds of schnapps and all sorts of delicacies all to\nthe window. They weren't allowed to come in. They would leave it right at the\nwindow in the yard. They just wanted more music--many Austrian people, soldiers.\nNo, we had to leave town. We were lying about our identity and this man who kept\nme was with his ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=3840.0,3870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Nyanya [Russian: nanny] . . . his Nyanya, who brought him up\nfrom birth--little lady, very, very old. He could not afford to keep anyone in\nthe house who has false identity because he was the biggest person who had\ntranslation, perfect translation for Germans. The ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=3870.0,3900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"peasants around town depended\non his help to negotiate with the Germans or the government, because they didn't\nknow what to do. He was a learned man, and he just couldn't afford to risk his\nlife or anything like that. He said, \"But I will arrange the best escape for\nyou.\" He did and so they did in Kharkov. They would hire a horse and buggy\n[with] ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=3900.0,3930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the people who would ride us out of the town and tell them where to go.\nThat's how we were moving--facing something completely unknown every time. I\nwould not repeat that. My mother and father: they couldn't do it because they\nwere grown-ups. Nobody would ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=3930.0,3960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"do for grown-ups what they would do for children.\n\nKENT: What were some of the other moments when you were in the greatest danger?\n\nDAWSON: The danger was when some people who came from Kharkov--ballet\ndancers--who joined the theater in Kremenchug. They got furious because they\nfound out that my salary was the highest in the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=3960.0,3990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"theater. The director of the\ntheater was very grateful to me because I could work endlessly. I never stopped.\nAnything they needed me to play, I would. Those dancers, they relied an awful\nlot on their wonderful legs, and looks, and picking up men or whatever. Those\ndancers were furious when they found out that my salary was so much higher than\ntheirs, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=3990.0,4020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but think of this: there was no place to buy anything. There was no\nstore. I had all this money, which had been thrown away. It's the principle.\nThey could not stand that the pianist . . . after all, they got the legs. What\ncan you do with the legs without the music? Tell me. Have you ever heard of a\nshow without music, dancing, and singing, and everything? You've got to have\nsome music! The director understood ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=4020.0,4050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that. I had wonderful relations. He loved\nthe music. They went and they said, \"They are not who they [say they] are. They\nare not saying who they are. They are Jews.\" The Germans said, \"Prove it.\" They\ndidn't want us killed, because they wouldn't have a show. She said, \"Yes, I have\nhere an example two people who were ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=4050.0,4080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in [Kharkov] Conservatory. This young\nteenager with [her] mother. The mother is working in a costume room . . . the\ntwo people here who knew their parents in Conservatory.\" They called those two\npeople, and of course, they knew my parents and us. They were there. They lied\nto them. They said, \"No, they are not Jewish.\" The Germans let ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=4080.0,4110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"them go very\neasily. The Germans didn't want to kill us because there would be no good. They\nwould have no pianist. They did the same thing in Berlin [Germany]. When we went\nto Berlin, the same people went and said it to new management. The new\nmanagement went through the same steps and said, \"No,\" and they were left with\nnothing. How about that? That's mind-boggling, isn't ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=4110.0,4140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it?\n\nKENT: [They] don't kill you [because] you're the piano player.\n\nDAWSON: As I say, maybe sometimes important people are necessary . . . [you]\nnever know.\n\nKENT: What do you remember about when the war ended? Where were you and what was\nyour situation?\n\nDAWSON: I remember that. We were in Berlin when the Russians started pressing.\nWhen the Russians were really ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=4140.0,4170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"pressing . . . back to Germany with all the\nGermans. Everyone knew that it's nothing to be expected . . . [Russians would\nnot be] very loving [to the Germans]. You can just imagine what the Russians had\nown their mind when they got to Germany. Almost millions of people, almost all\nmen died or were killed in Russia in the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=4170.0,4200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"war. My sister and I, we grew up during\nthe war about three [or] four years. My sister--quietly, but very sternly\nsurely--made up her mind to be a different person than I am, and she is. She\nrefused to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=4200.0,4230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"stay in Berlin to meet Russians. She insisted on going away with the\nrest of our troupe--the actor's troop--south where the different armies came\nin--the English and the French. The Russians [came] just from one place. She was\ndetermined. I made up my mind, \"Well, it is my little sister. I am not leaving\nher, so I will go with ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=4230.0,4260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"her.\" We were by Munich [Germany]. It took us many days\nto get south. The trains moved very slowly. We were among Germans and they\nspotted us immediately. Now German was Russian. We spoke German in a Russian\nway. They knew right away we weren't Germans. One time, I thought they were\ngoing to squeeze us to death. They really wanted to hurt us. It was so tight [on\nthe trains] . . . humanity, so close. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=4260.0,4290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was scary. We survived, but it took\ndays--five or six days--to go a considerably short trip. We were in Augsburg\n[Germany] for a while. Then we were in Kempten [Germany]. It's not far away from\nAugsburg. It's a smaller town. We were there when the Germans [Americans] came\nin. That was quite a morning. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=4290.0,4320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We were up early--my sister and I--and we put on\nour best clothes. We were the only two people in the entire town walking around,\ndetermined to find Americans. We never found any. We did have . . . the window\nshutters would open up . . . look at us and close again--the Germans. They\ndidn't want to see Americans. Nobody was out ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=4320.0,4350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"except my sister and me. We never\nfound any so we came home again. Then, the next day, I had to go with some\npapers somewhere to some office. I walk into this place with a desk and I see a\nfoot on the desk. They were talking about that the Americans putting their feet\non the table and on the desk. I said, \"That's unheard of.\" That's what I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=4350.0,4380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"faced.\nI saw an American there. Then they put me in another room. They said that I had\nto go into another room. I saw quite a few people--maybe a dozen people and some\nwomen. That is the first time I heard the English language. I'd never heard it\nin my life. I was astounded at the English. I thought, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=4380.0,4410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"No, no, no, this cannot\nbe. This is no language.\" \"This is ridiculous,\" I thought--especially the women.\nThere were two or three women who were talking. I said, \"Oh, they are putting on\na show for me. This cannot be. It is just so awful.\" [They said,] \"the . . . the\n. . . \" You [English speakers] don't think you are doing that, but for a\nRussian, \"the table\" or ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=4410.0,4440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"the . . .\" the article--unheard of sound in Russian\nlanguage. I thought, \"Oh, no. I'll never learn that.\" That was my invisible\nimpressions. Then they were saying that there was going to be a dance where\npeople of town were invited. I wanted to go to it but I didn't get to it.\nSomehow I didn't make it ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=4440.0,4470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there. People were saying, \"Oh, it is different. You\ncannot imagine what Americans dance like.\" They said, \"It's not like a dance\neven.\" It was Jitterbug. It was brought there and they had never seen Jitterbug.\nI never got to see it there. It took me much longer. We were taken out of\nKempten. We were housed in a school with our ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=4470.0,4500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"troupe. Just cots that are layers .\n. .\n\nKENT: Bunks?\n\nDAWSON: Bunks. Of course, we thought it was heavenly, because it was announced\nthe war was over. No [more] bombs most of all. We didn't care about bombs at\nall. They didn't scare us a bit. We would have never gone into the bunker or\nhiding from them--let them fall, the bombs--but it was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=4500.0,4530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"illegal. We weren't\nallowed to stay in any building when the alarm . . . I am talking about Berlin\nand what happened to Berlin. The alarm [sounded] every night and many times\nsometimes. We were dying to get some sleep. The first thing we did was sleep\nafter the war. We were so hungry for sleep. I slept 30 hours every ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=4530.0,4560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"day. For one\nmonth we did it. We just slept practically the whole day. That's how starved the\nbody was for sleep [after] such long loss of sleep. Then they moved us very\nclose to Munich to camp by the name Funk Kaserne. Funk ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=4560.0,4590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Kaserne turned out to be\na huge camp of 5,000 displaced persons from France, Italy, and any place you\nwant. There were fewer Russians there than anybody else. There was a contract in\nYalta between Stalin, and I think it was [Dwight] Eisenhower, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=4590.0,4620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or it was an\nEnglish, too.\n\nKENT: [Winston] Churchill and [Franklin] Roosevelt?\n\nDAWSON: I don't know. There was a couple of them. Didn't they meet more than\nonce? What it was, the important thing for the Russians and for the survival,\nwas that they signed the paper that all--Stalin insisted on that--all Russian\nand ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=4620.0,4650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"eastern people who were brought to Germany for hard labor--and they were\ncalled \"Ost [German: east] workers\" that means east workers . . . O-S-T . . .\nOst workers--all of them had to be going back, by force if necessary. When we\ncame to this camp, we just . . . our troupe was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=4650.0,4680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"placed in a barrack. We heard a\nrumor that there are Russians--just like ourselves being Russian--but there are\nsome Russian people who were brought to the camp and they are in the basement\nlocked up. They were brought by force. The next thing, we heard that Larry\nDawson . . . That's the brother of my husband. I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=4680.0,4710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"knew the brother first and then\nI had the husband. When I came to America I met the husband, my future husband,\nDavid . . . not Larry, David . . . three years younger . . . who was a graduate\nof Julliard School. He was having a fine career . . . We heard that there is\nsuch a person by the name Larry Dawson who has freed the Russians. That means he\nwent against the contract. It is not called a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=4710.0,4740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"contract. There is a better word\nfor it.\n\nEINSTEIN: Treaty?\n\nDAWSON: A treaty, yes. It's between the countries. That was big news. We didn't\nknow who the person is. We just knew that it was the head of the camp, and so\nthat was it. We thought that the camp . . . when it was established, at first\nthe gates were not closed. Then they closed the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=4740.0,4770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"gates, because the Russians were\nbringing people in and locking them up. That was stopped. Then, the next thing\nwhen we saw Larry Dawson, the head of the camp, was when I noticed a house, a\nbuilding in the camp, where nobody goes to. I thought, \"I better go, and take a\nlook in it, and see what kind of building it is,\" never hoping ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=4770.0,4800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what I would see.\nIt's full of chairs just like in a church or a concert hall. It also had a\nlittle stage . . . not much of a stage . . . and an upright piano. I thought I\nwould go and try it and see if it works at all. It wasn't anything to write home\nabout. It was out of tune, but it was a piano. It sounded and played a tune. I\nwas very ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=4800.0,4830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"excited. I went back to my friends and I told them what I saw. They\nsaid, \"Oh, we are going to give a concert right way,\" because they are ready to\ndo their stuff at any time. We had been doing it every day for years. We put out\na paper, hung a paper [poster], and everybody came. There was one person who was\nin military garb. It was Larry ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=4830.0,4860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Dawson. We would have never known that had he not\ncome backstage. Now my sister and I did our stuff. We played the four hands [two\nplayers play on a single piano]. We had wonderful four-hand literature: [Franz]\nSchubert, [Ludwig van] Beethoven, [Johannes] Brahms. [It was] gorgeous stuff. We\nwere very well trained. Our first trainer of chamber music was [Vladimir]\nHorwitz's sister, who was a marvelous pianist when he was a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=4860.0,4890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"boy. She was the\nbest pianist in Kiev. The concert finished. Everybody was happy. We were\nbackstage. We saw this man come in--the one in military garb. We saw strange\nenough that he was moving toward Frina and me, instead of fully grown women . .\n. all that . . . lovely women. We couldn't ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=4890.0,4920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"understand . . . looking amazed . . .\nHe comes to me and he started speaking German--I mean very American German. [It\nwas] very funny. If you ever heard an American speak German, it is so hilarious.\nI was trying to understand what he was saying. It wasn't easy. I spoke German\nwell. In the air, I just learned the language that way. He was saying, \"Will you\ncome--you and your ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=4920.0,4950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sister--to the place where my UNRAA [United Nations Relief\nand Rehabilitation Administration] comrades are?\" He said, \"We have a house. We\nare all together there and they love music.\" [They were] very educated, highly\neducated people, terrific bunch of people. Have you heard of UNRAA? Yes,\ntremendous organization. Finally, he did explain. He did say, \"I will pick you\nup tomorrow ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=4950.0,4980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"night and we want to hear you play there.\" [We said,] \"Alright.\" He\ncame, and got us, and took us there. He put us together at a dinner with all the\nfriends. [It was] funny because they had so many different nationalities in\nUNRAA, but no Russians and a few Americans. He [Larry Dawson] was the head of\nit. At the dinner table, we were [at our] first dinner with ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=4980.0,5010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Americans. We wanted\nsome mustard. It turned out it was peanut butter. We had never seen it in our\nlives. It was very funny, some of the things we didn't know what it was. We got\nsome Spam, and we it was good stuff we thought. Then, I could see that our host,\nLarry Dawson, got awfully restless. He was pointing on the piano. He wanted to\nhear the piano. I went to sit down. He sat down very close, with practically his\nnose in the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=5010.0,5040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"keyboard. I played Fantaisie-Impromptu. He wanted to hear it again\nand again until finally the people said, \"We want to dance.\" The\nFantaisie-Impromptu doesn't go so. It was a lovely evening [with] very, very\nfine people--music and food was good too. Then, the next day, Larry Dawson comes\nback. He says, \"Girls, I want to know what you ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=5040.0,5070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"want to do. You are still\nteenagers and you missed years of study. You have to practice now. You don't\nhave to perform anymore. You've got to practice.\" [We said,] \"Yes, but where do\nwe practice?\" [There was] no teacher. He said, \"We have to think where you are\ngoing to go. Maybe to school here or somewhere else.\" No, we didn't want to be\nin ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=5070.0,5100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Germany. We were trying to choose England, France, and Italy. Somehow nothing\nwas making much sense. We didn't know anything [about] where to go. One time, I\nthought it was a joke when he said, \"Would you like to go to America?\" I said,\n\"Who wouldn't like to go to America?\" I never thought I would go to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=5100.0,5130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"America. I\nwant[ed] to go Russia so I didn't think about America. My sister and I\nsaid--just for the sake of acknowledging that we do want to go to America\nbecause everybody else wants to go to America--we said, \"Who doesn't want to go\nto America?\" He took it seriously. He ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=5130.0,5160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"started telling us, \"You know you are of\nage still to be adopted. I have a wife and children at home. We just bought a\nfarm.\" This man turned out to be the most fierce music lover you have ever met\nin your life. He grew up in a family where the children spent all of their time\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=5160.0,5190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"listening to music . . . a player piano. They all learned to do it, and they\nheard only the best artists and only the best repertory. They knew Beethoven,\nBrahms, and Bach, and everything. They just knew it. He was going to do\nsomething for us to continue studying. Before we could turn around and really\nmake plans, he came and he said, \"Would ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=5190.0,5220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you like to play for 3,000 freed Jews\nfrom the camps? \"Oh, yes,\" we said, \"How? That would be the biggest thing.\" I\njust wish my parents could have been there. We agreed right away. He said, \"You\nhave to have time. You have to learn new pieces, new repertories.\" I got the\nvery difficult Beethoven Sonata, and my sister got a difficult [one too]. He got\nsome [Felix] Mendelsohn and this and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=5220.0,5250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that. He said, \"I will get a piano and put\nit into this little, little house.\" [It was] one-fifth of this house. It was\nright in the middle of this campus. It was a sort of a stop for people who were\ngoing around and checking everything--just a little place. He put the piano\nthere. He went around checking on everything all the time as the head of the\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=5250.0,5280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"place. He said, \"I'll be here.\" He came every hour. He came to see what we were\npracticing, how it was going. Unfortunately, he gave us instructions. That he\ncouldn't do, because we really had wonderful teachers. Russia is a magnificent\nplace for specialists and music, [with] the best musicians. Not only that, but\nwe had professors. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=5280.0,5310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He was coming and telling his suggestions. It was the\nfunniest thing, but we were trying to accommodate him--anything that could be\ndone. Some of the things he asked us couldn't be done. Thank goodness for good\ncomposers. We had that going on. In less than three months the concert was on.\nGreg has the program. It is in the book. The whole ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=5310.0,5340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNRAA came. Everybody from\nUNRAA came to this concert. It was the first concert after the war.\n\nKENT: Where was this? What city?\n\nDAWSON: Munich.\n\nEINSTEIN: Did he know you were Jewish at that point or just Russian?\n\nDAWSON: No. We were Jewish.\n\nEINSTEIN: Had you spoken about the fact that you were Jewish?\n\nDAWSON: Yes . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=5340.0,5370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because when Larry Dawson met us, he said, \"The war was just\nover. You two, you have been without parents and everything?\" He didn't know the\nstory for sure. He said, \"Is there one thing that you would like to have if you\nthought that you could get it? What would be one thing you wanted to have?\" Both\nof us said in a choir ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=5370.0,5400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"together, \"Our name back.\" We couldn't stand it anymore.\nThat of course opened up the whole . . . He found out everything and then his\nmind was made up. This concert was . . . I thought that this was one concert I\nplayed that I knew I played badly, but I didn't care. Every concert when I play,\nif ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=5400.0,5430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I didn't play quite right or something like that, it's \"You've got to correct\nit.\" This concert was entirely different. We were there together. This always\ntouches me. It was just too much symbolism. Too many people . . . It's too\nsymbolic and too important . . . live ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=5430.0,5460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"people. That went over and then Larry\nstarted to worry about how to send us to America. It was almost impossible.\nThere was no quota at all for Russians to go anywhere. They had to return to\nRussia. I mean us. We were supposed to go there. They killed all the people when\nthey ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=5460.0,5490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"returned. Every one of them sent to Siberia right away and then killed\nthem. I didn't think so. I was going. I thought, \"Nobody would do any harm to\nme.\" I was very much like my father. [I thought,] \"Why would they do to me? I\nhave been waiting for the army to come and they'll kill me? Makes no sense.\"\n\nKENT: Why were they killing people who went back?\n\nDAWSON: Because they are so ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=5490.0,5520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"envious and jealous of western life, because they\nhave not given Russian people in the beginning all wonderful advantages like\nfreedom . . . freedom of press, number one. That's number one, because if you\ndon't have that everything is secret then. You know what I think of secrecy. The\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=5520.0,5550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"people, in their mind, have seen, tasted, and just realized the type of life,\nhow different it is outside of Russia. They didn't want them around. It's\npoison. The light, daylight . . . all of a sudden sunlight thrown on the\nsituation. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=5550.0,5580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/187","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"After months of trying, Larry ended up winning permission for us to\ngo on the first boat with displaced persons going to America. [The] Marine\nFlasher [was] a military boat made over for passengers--nothing fancy, but a\nboat. When we got on it, the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=5580.0,5610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/188","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"food was unbelievable to us. It was really food,\nbut we couldn't eat it because we were nauseated every instant. For nine days, I\nwas so sick I couldn't bear to think of food. There were Polish people mostly on\nit. I would say over 90 percent were Polish people. They found out that we were\nRussians. They said, \"This is ridiculous for you to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=5610.0,5640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/189","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"go to America. Why are you\ngoing? You say you have no relatives there.\" They were disgusted with us. They\nwere rude and offensive. We decided we're going to stay away from them. We\nweren't in our company. It was quite a trip. Our stomachs were sick and the\ncompany was impossible. Larry said to us, \"Remember one thing--you are going\naboard the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=5640.0,5670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/190","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"boat. It does not mean at all that you are going to get anywhere.\nThey can take you out at any time, any moment, no matter where you are in the\nocean and return you.\" That's the way we came. We never knew whether we were\ngoing to get to America or not, [despite] already being on the boat. We arrived\nto New York [City, New York] and a designated person to meet us is not there.\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=5670.0,5700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Everyone who arrived . . . little by little, they are gone. They all were met,\nor picked up, or taken away, or something, but not us. We were the only two. It\nis hundreds of people. The day was getting colder. There was nobody there. We\nhad no way, nothing to go buy . . . no language . . . no explanations . . . just\nsitting there. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=5700.0,5730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Finally, there was a person who was supposed to meet us. It was\nPaul Magriel, a Jew, who was a critic of [the] New York ballet. He was a close\nfriend of the Dawson boys, especially David. Larry knew him. He received a\nletter with the request. David was on a tour with the string quartet. He\ncouldn't pick us up. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=5730.0,5760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/193","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He wanted to, but he was not in town. They asked Paul\nMagriel and he agreed. He was late. He was very late. It was well over two\no'clock. Finally, when he came, we did speak German. I learned to speak German\nin the street. My sister [learned it that way] too. I spoke it very\nfluently--maybe incorrectly, but I spoke it. Paul ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=5760.0,5790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/194","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Magriel knew his Jewish\n[Hebrew or Yiddish] and probably German too. He said, \"Where would like to go\nfirst?\" I said, \"A bookstore.\" [He agreed,] \"Yes.\" [I said,] \"Yes, a dictionary\nplease.\" We went to Fifth Avenue. He said, \"I am taking you to Fifth Avenue.\" We\ngo there. Big deal, Fifth Avenue. For my sister and me, it might as well be\nTwenty-fifth Avenue. We don't care it's Fifth ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=5790.0,5820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Avenue. We don't know what it is.\nWe went to the store. We walk in and a Russian man sells books. He says, \"What\nare you doing here?\" to us in Russian. \"We came to get book, a dictionary.\"\nSlovari [Russian: dictionary] in Russia. He says, \"This is crazy. You shouldn't\nhave come here. This is an awful ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=5820.0,5850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/196","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"decision.\" We said, \"Well, we had to go\nsomewhere.\" He said, \"Absurd! I just cannot understand why. This is . . . \" He\ncould hardly even sell a book! We bought a book and went out. Paul Magriel took\nus somewhere else. We went to Grand Central Station. He was going to put us on a\ntrain to go to Virginia, to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=5850.0,5880.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"take us to Larry's wife and the children, because we\nwere going to go on the farm. We had to catch a train. The only thing he thought\nhe bought us a box of candy--chocolate candy. We welcomed it very much. We went\nand sat down on the train and we were eating when the train started going,\nchugging off. My sister and I were getting closer and closer to fewer\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=5880.0,5910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"chocolates. To us, we didn't know anything. We just know a man came into the\ntrain wagon and said, screaming at us, \"This is the place. This is\nCharlottesville [Virginia]. You have to get off.\" The candy was here [on my\nlap], and we got up and the candy went all over the floor. It was nighttime. It\nwas already ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=5910.0,5940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/199","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"nighttime. Paul Magriel wrote a message saying that we need taxi, to\nask for a taxi, and to ask where the place is. The place was called Crozet\n[Virginia]. [Crozet] a tiny little place with 500 people or something and a farm\nthere, but they knew it. They called the taxi for us and gave us the tickets. We\nhad enough ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=5940.0,5970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/200","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"money. Somebody gave us money to buy the tickets. We entered the\ntaxi. He seemed to know where to go, but then he couldn't find the place. We\nwent around and around and around. We're going through Virginia pasza [Polish:\npasture, farmland]. I just remember smelling honeysuckle. I don't know if I ever\nsmelled it in Russia. I loved it. It was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=5970.0,6000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"wonderful. Then it started to rain and\nwe still couldn't find a place. Finally, we arrived to the house where he said\nhe thinks this is it. The wife walks out. It was one o'clock at night, one\nthirty or something. She walked out completely sleepy and she saw us. She got us\ninto the house and she went and gave money or thanked the chauffeur. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=6000.0,6030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He really\nwas wonderful. He didn't leave us anywhere. He really stuck it out. She\nremembers it differently than us. She remembers that she gave us something to\neat in the middle of the night, but I don't remember it. I guess we were\nabsolutely exhausted. I just knew that I found myself in bed with her mother,\nand with her [Grace], and a child. We went to sleep in a bed with all these\nstrange ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=6030.0,6060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"people. They took us. Then in the morning we got up and we had to eat\nfood we'd never seen. We had oatmeal--unknown in Russia. Nobody eats oatmeal in\nRussia. Cream of wheat yes, but this oatmeal had nothing but oatmeal. With it,\nwe got bacon but that farm, very salty ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=6060.0,6090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"bacon, so it was full of salt. The\noatmeal had no taste. I didn't know what to make out of it. That was okay. We\ndidn't care really. We found out that we all have to get ready after breakfast\nand go to the new house, which they bought, and start settling that place and\nremodeling it and everything. The little children, one was eight months or six\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=6090.0,6120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/205","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"months, Georgie, and little Laddo was three years old. We established with a\nlife on a farm. We were no farm girls I'll tell you that. We were pianists. It's\njust no use to continue. It was just endless and endless adventure. The next\nthing, actually in a big way, what we had to do is to go and be ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=6120.0,6150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/206","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"examined in big\nmusic schools. We decided to go to Peabody in Baltimore [Maryland], a very good\nschool. That was it. We practiced there. There was a piano [at the farmhouse].\nWe went for an examination, a test. At that time, they had a director, very\ndignified, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=6150.0,6180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"very famous man--Reginald Stewart was his name--a conductor. He\nconducted the city orchestra and was also was director of the school. He\nwelcomed us and gave us an audition. We played for him. We played very little.\nRight away he said, \"Full scholarships,\" without any hesitation. We were\njubilant. We walked out of that beautiful building and Larry walk out with us.\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=6180.0,6210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We were chatting with us, [asking] what do we want to do now? [We said,]\n\"Lunch!\" We were starved. [He said,] \"Well that will be fine.\" He said, \"And\nthen what?\" We said, \"Then we have to go home and get ready.\" He said, \"No, we\nare going to Julliard now.\" [We asked,] \"What? You asked this man to give his\ntime, and listen to us play, and give us scholarships, and now ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=6210.0,6240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/209","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we are going to\ngo somewhere else?\" He said, \"We are going to do it. I'm telling you, we've got\nto do it.\" The next thing, we went home first. We were expected at home. We got\nready and got the permission and got time for when. Julliard said, \"Yes, come.\nWe'll hear them. We will listen to them.\" We went there and there was another\nhearing. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=6240.0,6270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Three people, famous, wonderful musicians were the jury. Our future\nteacher, who became our teacher was there--a very good friend of David's. David\nwent to school together so they knew each other how they played--Rosalyn Tureck,\na specialist of Bach. She was the favorite of . . . what is the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=6270.0,6300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"name of a very\nbig Republican leader, author . . . thinker . . . died?\n\nKENT: [William F.] Buckley?\n\nDAWSON: Buckley! Favorite of Buckley. He liked Bach and he liked Rosalyn Tureck.\nShe was there, and my teacher, Muriel Kerr, and the director of Julliard, who\nwas the teacher of my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=6300.0,6330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"teacher. That was something. We had to play. The first\nthing that happened [was] my sister played. Then I sat down to play. Before I\nwas asked to play anything else, my future teacher, Muriel Kerr, she jumped off\nher seat from behind the desk and went and kind of shoved me a little bit on the\nbench. [She] sat down by me and started playing something that I just played. I\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=6330.0,6360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/213","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was astounded. All I could think of [was], \"My G-d! That's all I want to do, is\nto play the way she does.\" It was so marvelous. It was just heavenly. It\ncontinued. Larry Dawson was not allowed into the room in Julliard, but he was\nallowed in the room at Baltimore. It ended and they called him in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=6360.0,6390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and pushed us\nout. It was finished. Larry came out absolutely . . . could just . . . riding\nwith his happiness--full scholarships! It was really some trip. We didn't go to\nBaltimore. You should have seen the letter. I think Greg has the letter of\nReginald Stewart of what he said to Larry Dawson when he ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=6390.0,6420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"found out.\n\nKENT: They were competing for you?\n\nDAWSON: I don't know. We let them compete when we went there. We tried them.\nLarry was amazing. He was merciless when it came to presenting us. He just was\ndetermined and he was right, because Reginald Stewart was insulted a little bit.\nIt was just another day in his ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=6420.0,6450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"life. The thing that made difference to us--let's\nface it, Julliard School is famous all over the world. To this day, the word\n\"Julliard\" . . . they think I am a different person when I say the word\n\"Julliard.\" It's really not all that astounding. The jury who chooses you has\ngot to like you, has got to think that you are worth something. The ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=6450.0,6480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/217","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"studying\nstarted. That dictionary, the Russian dictionary, I took it to class all the\ntime. I was one of those students that . . . she loved her students coming to\nhear the lessons of other students. I learned as much from that as I had from me\n[my own] lessons. I was very much interested. I just thought she was\nunbelievable ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=6480.0,6510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/218","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a musician. She had a Russian husband, Naoum Benditzky--a cellist,\nexcellent cellist, wonderful. He became my \"papa.\" He and I were just like\ndaughter and a father. His own son said to me after he died, the son said, \"You\nwere a better daughter to him than I was a son to him.\" They didn't see each\nother enough or ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=6510.0,6540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/219","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"something like that. I kept the correspondence up with him. I\nhad this incredible company. For instance, they always had people like . . . the\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=6540.0,6570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/220","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"pianist who was in Julliard. He was really the best pianist ever lived, I think.\n\nEINSTEIN: Joseph?\n\nDAWSON: Joseph Levine [was] unbelievable. Once I heard him play, my student in\nIndiana University--a very intellectual guy from the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=6570.0,6600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/221","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"east--he told me, \"Do you\nknow the recording of [Johann] Strauss' [Blue Danube] waltz, the transcription\nof Joseph Levin?\" I said, \"No.\" At this school of music there was a music store\nacross the street. I said, \"Well, you wait, and I'll go see if they have it.\" I\nbought the record. I went and heard it. I went straight back to the store and\nbought five more. I just never heard anything like ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=6600.0,6630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/222","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it. It is heaven. For him\nplaying piano, it was just like a joke. He would wake up, he would be asleep,\nand he would wake up, and go on the stage with eyes practically closed, and\nstart playing a concert. He was practically asleep. It was easier for him to\nplay than for any pianist I ever seen or heard of and it sounded like it. It was\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=6630.0,6660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/223","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"just unlike anything I know.\n\nKENT: Could you tell us briefly about meeting your husband and what that was\nlike in the beginning?\n\nDAWSON: The first time I met David was because the wife of Larry Dawson, our\nadopted mother, took us for a treat from Croze, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=6660.0,6690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/224","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Virginia to the Library of\nCongress to Washington [D.C.] to hear the [Gordon String] quartet play. We went\nthere and I have never heard a string quartet. I heard a lot of music but not a\nstring quartet. We walked in and [it was] marvelous scenery there--big hall and\nthe columns. We were in the back of the hall, very far away from the stage. Of\ncourse, a string quartet is not an orchestra. I heard a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=6690.0,6720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/225","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sound. I thought, \"What\nis that? I thought it's a string quartet, but I hear a horn.\" It was David\nplaying. That's how he sounded. As Greg wrote after his death, an \"unearthly\ntone.\" It would sound through anything, incredible tone quality. It was a\nwonderful quartet. It was the first quartet I ever heard. We heard the concert.\nAfter the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=6720.0,6750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/226","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"concert, the two people, David, the violist, and the cellist, Fritz\nMagg from . . .\n\nDAWSON: Those two were ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=6750.0,6780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/227","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"curious to see what's all the fuss. We were already\naccepted into schools. When they heard it, they said they wanted to hear. The\nmusicians wanted to hear now, to see what they think. They came to a party. It\nwas really a funny thing. They were the only people beside Grace, the wife,\nmyself, and the hostess. We were so shy to meet ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=6780.0,6810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/228","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"wonderful musicians. We hid\nourselves. We were in the kitchen. They were in the dining room, those\ntwo--Fritz and David--with a piano there. We just wouldn't leave the kitchen.\nFinally, the hostess pushed us out and the door was swinging. We stood there\nlooking at them and they were sitting there looking at us. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=6810.0,6840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/229","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"[It was] very funny.\nWe wouldn't say a word. I just saw that David had absolutely the bluest eyes I\never seen--extraordinary. The next thing, we had to sit down at the table with\nthem. [There was] not much said there, trying to speak my German with an\nAustrian musician. I didn't feel that I am ready for that. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=6840.0,6870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/230","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They said, \"Well, why\ndon't you play something?\" We decided to play four hands. That was very funny.\nWe played Beethoven's Overture arranged for four hands. They have played this\nOverture over and over with wonderful orchestras. Both were from the best\norchestras. They played with all of them. They didn't know that there was a\ntranscription for ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=6870.0,6900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/231","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"four hands--for a piano. You can imagine them probably looking\ndown and saying, \"How ridiculous! Could it be farther away from [the] original?\"\nWe played it decently. We played it the right way and with temperament. It was\nBeethoven. It wasn't just anything. It was the spirit of Beethoven. They were so\nagitated and so interested. They were peering ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=6900.0,6930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/232","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"into the music right in back of\nus, and whispering, and exchanging. They couldn't get over--more fun--that four\nhands can play Beethoven's Overture. That's supposed to have wonderful\norchestration. We played it just with four hands. We played it thousands of\ntimes during the war. It was a favorite piece. They didn't hear anything else,\nbut we used to play all the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=6930.0,6960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/233","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"military marches by Schubert. That was also very\nfun. We also played Brahms' Hungarian Dances, which is terrific music I think. I\nlove all the repertory and still do. They had more fun. After we sat down at the\ntable, they were talking to each other deciding, and discussing how this and\nthat . . . We didn't know any of that. We just ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=6960.0,6990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/234","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"played. The next thing was\nThanksgiving. David was invited to the farm to come and see the new house, and\nto meet the children, and, of course, hear us play if he wanted. David paid a\nvisit to Virginia to the new house. He stayed only ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=6990.0,7020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/235","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"three days. He took time off\nthe tour. We had more fun. He was so much fun. It was just laughs. Larry and\nDavid were very, very close brothers. In a big family with five children, they\nwere the closest because they were three years apart. David was the youngest and\nthen Larry was three years older. They grew up ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=7020.0,7050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/236","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"together completely. What they\ndid, they always listened to the radio ballgames. [They were] really crazy\ndevoted baseball fans. They knew everything. They wrote letters of baseball to\neach other. Greg read them. Both boys know the letters--from Europe. Just the\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=7050.0,7080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/237","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"funniest thing from here to Europe. Larry was in Europe. David was in the army,\ntoo, and so was Fritz, but in this country. Larry was in Europe. He [David]\nbrought the viola. He said he brought the music and he wants to play with me.\nNaturally, he played the repertory. Violas don't have much repertory to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=7080.0,7110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/238","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"play. He\nplayed those pieces that he has played thousands of times, and I have never seen\nthe music, and never heard. He had to use every bit of his . . . diplomacy and\ncareful sort of guiding. I was reading it. It's hard to play anyway, but reading\nit for somebody . . . He was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=7110.0,7140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/239","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"really exceptional in the way he did not\ndiscourage. He didn't patronize me either. I mean, we both kind of understood\nthere is a lot of work for me to do on the piece. He just pointed out some\nthings, and wanted me to replay a few places, and left me alone otherwise. I\nwasn't shy or anything. It was a very good time. We played those things. Then he\nalso wanted ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=7140.0,7170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/240","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"us to play solo. It was a wonderful visit. The brothers were\nlistening to the radio until it was pushing at our throats. That's what they do.\nThey needed to listen to baseball. Then he had to go. He simply had to go. He\nlived in New York at that time. The ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=7170.0,7200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/241","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"next time he came to visit my sister Frina\nand me, [was] in Clara de Hirsch residence between Second and Third Avenue in\nNew York [City]. It was a very old building with girls living there--low rent.\nThe HIAS [Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society] ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=7200.0,7230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/242","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"organization paid our rent. We were\nstudying then. David came to see us, to have dinner with us. Then he decided\nthat he wanted us to go and spend summer in Connecticut . . .\n\nEINSTEIN: This is Ruth Einstein. John Kent unfortunately had to leave us. We are\ngoing to carry on somehow without him for the rest of the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=7230.0,7260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/243","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"interview. Zhanna, you\nwere talking about meeting your husband and he is not your husband yet.\n\nDAWSON: He made a big point of inviting Frina and myself to his house, a summer\nplace--not his own--designated for the string quartet where the quartet\nperformed every ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=7260.0,7290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/244","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"week through the summer. On Saturday or Sunday, [they would]\nplay the performance of string quartet program of repertory. He wanted us to\ncome there. We weren't agreeing, because we found a place to practice. We felt\nthat we needed to practice a lot for our lessons in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=7290.0,7320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/245","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"school. We thought that we\nwould be too isolated in the country, because it's very much [in] the country.\nYou would have to be a self-sufficient person with self-sufficient needs, but we\nwere still too young. We wanted to see much more and not just practice. We\ndidn't want to go, but he insisted. He would come ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=7320.0,7350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/246","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"over to New York from\nConnecticut and ask over and over. Finally, he said that his mother and the\nbrother were going to be there. We decided that we would go. It was not easy to\nsay 'no' to David anymore. It just wasn't. We spent the summer with his family\nthere. His brother, Bill, who was the oldest brother ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=7350.0,7380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/247","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in David's family, he\ntaught me how to drive while we were there. That was an achievement. Hearing\nstring quartet music is just . . . cannot be better education for a musician.\n\nEINSTEIN: I know that you were becoming a musician. How were you becoming an\nAmerican or were you? You had to make this transition from ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=7380.0,7410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/248","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Russia . . . if you\ngo all the way back, from being Jewish, to hiding as a . . . in Russia, and then\ngoing to Germany, and now here you are in America. How did you take all of those\nidentities and start to mold them into the person you are now? 'Meld them' might\nbe a better way to say it.\n\nDAWSON: Yes. We really understood that we were in a different spot in the world.\nWe had a lot of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=7410.0,7440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/249","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"things to get over. Like, for instance, to get used to\neverything, to get used to people's habits. We lived with Larry's wife and two\nchildren. The language in itself had to be learned. We had to be understood and\nthen we were ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=7440.0,7470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/250","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"preparing for going to New York to start studying.\n\nEINSTEIN: I mean, that is a lot of pressure just at that [age].\n\nDAWSON: You are so right. It was very difficult for us. We were also responsible\nfor the two little children, mostly it is for the baby. He had to have someone\nwith him all the time. His personality was wonderful. He was the best natured\nbaby. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=7470.0,7500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/251","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"His little brother--who was two years old, two and a half maybe--he was\nvery business-like, very precise, and very different personality. He didn't get\nvery close to us and didn't involve himself with any type of details or get\nstuck with us. The baby depended on us.\n\nEINSTEIN: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=7500.0,7530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/252","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"How old were you at that point?\n\nDAWSON: At that point, I was over 17.\n\nEINSTEIN: Seventeen?\n\nDAWSON: Going toward 18, yes. Also, Grace decided that we should go to high school.\n\nEINSTEIN: I was going to ask . . . your education must have been completely put\non hold. I mean, you put it on hold in Kindergarten basically. What happened?\nHow did you continue?\n\nDAWSON: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=7530.0,7560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/253","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I did go to school, of course. I went to sixth\ngrade only in schooling. It was all music and music can eat up a lot of energy.\nNevertheless, you'd be surprised. When we went to school in Croze, Virginia, she\nbought for us the kind of traditional outfit for school girls--a pleated ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=7560.0,7590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/254","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"skirt\nwith a design of blocks [plaid], little sweaters, and tennis shoes with socks.\nWe went to the Library of Congress to the concert that way.\n\nEINSTEIN: Did you feel like you could be a child? Your childhood had been . . .\n\nDAWSON: Let me tell you what it was like. When we went there, we really were\nhoping to learn some ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=7590.0,7620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/255","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"English, and there was nobody who was teaching this. What\nwe found [was a] complete belittling of education. The education that we did get\nin Russia was real education. We were a guest. They were teaching them some\nlittle cooking in the kitchen, which we knew, too. It was no education. We\nfinally ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=7620.0,7650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/256","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"stopped. We complained so much.\n\nEINSTEIN: There weren't other types of\nclasses? Was it because you were a girl? What was the problem?\n\nDAWSON: No, not at all. We were together in the same class. We simply found that\nwe weren't being educated. We understood that.\n\nEINSTEIN: What did you do?\n\nDAWSON: They could have done something little bit to\ngive us a little English or ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=7650.0,7680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/257","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"something. They never did.\n\nEINSTEIN: Did you have anything in common with these other kids?\n\nDAWSON: Absolutely nothing. They didn't really kind of look at us. They would\nlook at us and turn away right away. They were probably shy and scared--who\nknows. The teachers and administration, they've got two girls. They might have\nbeen interested maybe in music. Now . . . this is the first time I ever thought\nof it . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=7680.0,7710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/258","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I am sure that they knew we were musicians because that is the way\nGrace would present us. [They had] no interest. It was amazing. Also, I was\ngetting fatter and fatter. I never was really fat.\n\nEINSTEIN: Too much oatmeal?\n\nDAWSON: Frina and I went to take the baby for a walk every morning very early to\ngo to First store [a country store near the Crozet, Virginia farm]. It was a\ncouple of miles. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=7710.0,7740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/259","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We would take the baby going there. We would come there and buy\na Clark Bar. Every day, we ate the Clark Bar.\n\nEINSTEIN: That's a good was to start becoming American.\n\nDAWSON: It was five cents. Now you pay 75 cents and you don't get the same\nthing. You don't get as much. They've got Clark Bars this long now. [indicating\na few inches]\n\nEINSTEIN: It is an interesting question. Here you were with this very ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=7740.0,7770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/260","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"cultured,\nmusical family . . . then there is the rest of America, kind of represented by a\nClark Bar. How did you put that together?\n\nDAWSON: We didn't. We didn't like it, Frina and I--especially myself, because\nFrina was always much younger, as I told you, in her growing. She was a late\nbloomer. I remember ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=7770.0,7800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/261","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"endless talks about politics at the dinner table. We talked\nat the dinner table about the world. We had books to show the world. For\ninstance, all my life in Russia, I knew the situation of the black people in\nAfrica and everywhere. That's why, when I came here, it wasn't a new idea to me.\nI was just discovering, to see what it was like in reality. The ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=7800.0,7830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/262","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"black people\nrecognize it in me very easily. They see right away. I make friends with black\npeople immediately. I don't know how they know, but they have that feeling.\n\nEINSTEIN: You are getting close to a period of time when the United States went\nfull into the Cold War and here you are with a Russian accent. Did you ever\n[experience] any repercussions for being a Russian in a Cold War America?\n\nDAWSON: Not at all. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=7830.0,7860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/263","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I felt one thing about that period. I thought it was absurd\nand ridiculous that the Americans felt any fear of the Russians at that pathetic\ntime for Russians, because Russia was destroyed totally. Russia lost all its\nmen. All the men were gone.\n\nEINSTEIN: Like 26 million people. Something like that?\n\nDAWSON: No, more.\n\nEINSTEIN: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=7860.0,7890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/264","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"More than that?\n\nDAWSON: More. I mean it is the horrendous upset of the century. They weren't\nable to do anything. Here, they were looking under the bed [for] Communists. It\nwas so ridiculous. I knew it. I felt, \"[That's] baloney! What are you doing?\"\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=7890.0,7920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/265","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Stupid, but . . . it happens very often when Americans are not aware. They are\ndoing things that are so elementary for the rest of the world . . . the\nfears--undue fears . . . Thank G-d for America. The war might have ended\ncompletely differently--much worse and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=7920.0,7950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/266","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"later. Maybe it would not have ended if\nnot America they stepped in and did their job. It's a big heart. EINSTEIN: After\nthe liberation, as you are talking about America and Russia and the last great\neffort together was the liberation of Europe, what did you know about how Jews\nhad been . . . what happened to the Jews of Europe? ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=7950.0,7980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/267","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You already knew a lot about\nwhat happened to the Jews of Russia from your own family's experience. What you\nheard about the Holocaust . . . what did you think?\n\nDAWSON: We knew it earlier. There were lots and lots of rumors. When the concert\nthat I told you took place, we knew that it was disaster for the rest. We heard\nof ovens.\n\nEINSTEIN: You had already heard of that?\n\nDAWSON: We heard of ovens. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=7980.0,8010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/268","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They had something else like ovens . . . another thing?\n\nEINSTEIN: Crematorium?\n\nDAWSON: Crematoriums.\n\nEINSTEIN: In Russia, you had already heard?\n\nDAWSON: No, you are right. In Russia, I don't think I heard in Russia about the\novens. I think it took to a much later time, here [America] in the end of the\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=8010.0,8040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/269","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"war . . . not here . . . in Germany. [We were] already out of Russia.\n\nEINSTEIN: There is one part that I missed when you were talking before and that\nis the period of time after 1939 when the Germans moved into Poland. You knew\nthat the Stalin-Hitler Pact was probably going to be broken. What did your\nparents talk about? How did they talk to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=8040.0,8070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/270","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you about that time and about any\nimminent danger you were in? Leading up to when you were taken on that march,\nthat whole period where your world was just about to collapse, how did your\nparents talk to you about it? What did you know?\n\nDAWSON: The parents talked to each other. To us, it was the same thing.\nEverything that they talked about politically we knew. The Russians really were\nso ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=8070.0,8100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/271","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"delighted when the pact was made between Hitler and Stalin. People were\nastounded, but when we saw the change in the life in Russia . . . all of a\nsudden, for one year [1940], we had a life worth living. We didn't have to stand\nin line at four o'clock in the morning. We had stores packed with food, with\nmerchandise. If we had money, we could buy something.\n\nEINSTEIN: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=8100.0,8130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/272","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When exactly was this?\n\nDAWSON: That was as soon as we heard . . . it was one year before the war. They\n[the Germans] came to Kharkov in June 21, 1941. It [World War II] started in\n1939. We had a year that was unbelievable. We thought that . . . when the war\nwas announced by [Vyacheslav] Molotov on the radio, in the streets. . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=8130.0,8160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/273","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we\nthought we had to pay for our good year. We had not had a year like that ever.\nIt was a life that we tasted and it was finished.\n\nEINSTEIN: When it started to unravel, what happened first?\n\nDAWSON: The war started. That's what the unraveling was--the war.\n\nEINSTEIN: As the Germans came in to Kharkov, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=8160.0,8190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/274","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you said that you went to a ghetto\n. . .\n\nDAWSON: There were some period . . .\n\nEINSTEIN: What happened before then?\n\nDAWSON: When they [the Germans] came in, the very first thing [they did was]\nthey started hanging people on the trees and the on statues. They were\nmerciless. They were going ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=8190.0,8220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/275","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"around demanding merchandise, robbing . . . knock on\nthe door, come in and go through everything greedily and take it. They could\ntake anything. They held my mother to the wall and us screaming. We would have\ngiven anything just to have her let free and they let her free. [They were]\ndisgusted they did ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=8220.0,8250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/276","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not find anything--very, very mad. They were a quite a bunch.\nThis went on and they had to establish their kitchens in the fresh air. They\ndon't eat peels of potatoes. Russians don't eat peels of potatoes either. We\ncertainly did use them, because they threw them away in the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=8250.0,8280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/277","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"garbage. We could\nget it together and my mother was frying some cakes that way. It wasn't a very\nlong time. It was something June . . . October [1941]. Actually, we left the\nhouse in December in the beginning.\n\nEINSTEIN: Were you forced to leave your house?\n\nDAWSON: [We were] absolutely forced. It was an announcement. Get out of there or death.\n\nEINSTEIN: It was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=8280.0,8310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/278","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"just for the Jews?\n\nDAWSON: Just were the Jews.\n\nEINSTEIN: You said that the relationship between Jews and non-Jews was really\npretty friendly before then. When did that start to change? Did the Ukrainians\nstart to also feel angry or aggressive towards the Jews?\n\nDAWSON: No, there was a very interesting thing going on in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=8310.0,8340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/279","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ukraine, where I was.\nThere was Ukrainian police. They were the helpers of the Germans. That was sort\nof above us civilian people. When the time came to go over and deliver the Jews,\nthe Ukrainians were there . . . delivering to the German. All of them had to\nhave Jews ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=8340.0,8370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/280","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"out and end them.\n\nEINSTEIN: Why do you think they did that?\n\nDAWSON: Why? Herr [Adolf] Hitler, that's all.\n\nEINSTEIN: The Ukrainians . . .\n\nDAWSON: Why they did it? It's very much a historic fact that the Ukrainians had\nfun beating the Jews. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=8370.0,8400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/281","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Cossacks and pogroms were a tradition. That was a matter\nof fun. That was how to be a man.\n\nEINSTEIN: Did you remember any of those kinds of things?\n\nDAWSON: No.\n\nEINSTEIN: From your childhood or before?\n\nDAWSON: No.\n\nEINSTEIN: Was it after the October Revolution that that nationalism was kind of\ntoned down a little?\n\nDAWSON: That kind of obvious showing and proud stuff going on did not exist.\nWhat existed was KGB. They were arresting ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=8400.0,8430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/282","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jews all over the world, trying them\nwithout a trial. There [was] never a trial, never practice of law. They never\nhad to say to any family to give report where they . . . You didn't know where\nthey were, are they alive, and what was done to them, and why. Nobody knew\nanything. You see how horrifying that is? I cannot tell you ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=8430.0,8460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/283","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"how I felt during\nthe eight years of [President George W.] Bush. I just cannot even begin to tell\nyou. It was horrible. It was so darn close and closing in with those awful\npeople in the White House with him--that Carl Rove. When they talked, it was\njust dismal. I could not be more grateful for the president we have [President\nBarrack Obama]. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=8460.0,8490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/284","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm just in heaven about it. Like everybody, all of us makes\nmistakes. He's allowed to make mistakes, too. This is a very hard time for you\nand me, when they are . . . Hillary [Clinton] and him were there and they spoke.\nThere is no solution. Do you have any way to go over ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=8490.0,8520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/285","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"their opinion, to think of\nsomething brighter and smarter to do than to give the land, some land to have\ntwo countries?\n\nEINSTEIN: You are talking about the Israeli and Palestinian . . .\n\nDAWSON: Today's situation there. What is that? Tell me. I have a friend so\nbright, so intelligent. She was in Siberia during the . . . She evacuated ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=8520.0,8550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/286","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"during\nthe war because her mother was a worker in a hospital. She was a nurse. She came\nback and she got a marvelous education. She knows languages--English and German.\nShe cannot stand to hear that the Jews have got to give some land to the\nPalestinians. I want to give them land only for one reason: because I don't know\nwhat else to do.\n\nEINSTEIN: You picked a topic that would ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=8550.0,8580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/287","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"probably require another 25 hours of tape.\n\nDAWSON: I thought you were going to say 25 years.\n\nEINSTEIN: Twenty-five years minimum. Actually, what I was thinking of is the\nStalinist period that preceded World War II. [It] must have been so frightening\nfor all intellectuals, for Jews, and so many people were being thrown into ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=8580.0,8610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/288","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the\nGulag anyway. Do you think that the people were welcoming Hitler because of\nthat, just to get rid of Stalin? What do you think was really going on?\n\nDAWSON: Really smart. Yes, especially Ukraine. You are right, but it lasted a\nvery short time. People smelled right away this horror that was spread on them,\ntoo. They didn't care for them either. They started kicking them out. Germans\nwere ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=8610.0,8640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/289","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"succeeding, in spite of everything, until they got to Stalingrad.\nStalingrad really finished them. They froze to death. They couldn't stand it\nanymore. The Russians were very far away from any kind of western borders. Those\npeople [the Russian soldiers] know their territory. They made mincemeat out of\nthem. They [the Germans] started running. They were running back ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=8640.0,8670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/290","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"fast and eagerly.\n\nEINSTEIN: During that period you were still in . . .\n\nDAWSON: We were in the orphanage still, with the lice.\n\nEINSTEIN: The lice as your companions, right. I also didn't catch which group of\npeople went to Berlin and how you ended up leaving to go to Berlin.\n\nDAWSON: When the Germans were in charge of the theater, they were in charge of\nour lives. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=8670.0,8700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/291","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The Gestapo was always something [frightening] to Frina and me. They\nsimply said, \"You are going.\" They moved us from one place where we lived in\nmusic school. They moved us to a place where all the other actors were going to\nbe before they take us to Germany. These people needed to bring the evidence of\nhaving had a troupe that performed for their soldiers, which was their job, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=8700.0,8730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/292","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to\njustify their wartime activity. We were brought to Berlin. We were playing\nconcerts not only in Berlin, but every day they would send us on a tour. We\nwould play for Ost workers. They [pretended they] were very humanitarian people\nto allow Ost workers, who were ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=8730.0,8760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/293","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"labor workers, to give them their own art. Those\npeople [Ost workers] were miserable there. They liked to hear Russian songs and\nhear some music, but that wasn't what they needed.\n\nEINSTEIN: You went right into the lion's mouth.\n\nDAWSON: We were in it. There was no way out, because every time when we had any\nidea of wanting to do something else the matter of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=8760.0,8790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/294","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"suspicion was the end to us.\nThat was a terrible point to be at because they would start asking . . . false\nnames, false story, people knew us. We had a terrible . . .\n\nEINSTEIN: You must have been terrified, [living with a] kind of a low-grade\nterror the whole time.\n\nDAWSON: Are you surprised that we said, \"We want our names,\" [to David]? There\nwasn't hesitation for a minute. He said, \"Oh, you have different names?\" ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=8790.0,8820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/295","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That\nwas interesting, but [there] is nothing like it.\n\nEINSTEIN: What did it feel like to you to reconstitute your truest person . . .\n\nDAWSON: [It was] everything. We felt the end of the war was the beginning of our life.\n\nEINSTEIN: What did you have to look forward to? You knew that you were alone\nfrom your family, that you lost everyone.\n\nDAWSON: We didn't care. We had our names. We were not anymore in the mercy of\nthese people who can put a stamp on us for ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=8820.0,8850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/296","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"life and say something, whatever they\nchoose to do. This is disgusting. This is awful.\n\nEINSTEIN: I am going to skip ahead know. It is too interesting to talk about all\nthat part. I guess I'll have to get your book. We know that you married David at\nsome point. Tell me about the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=8850.0,8880.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/297","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"life that you started together, and your children,\nand what it meant to you to have children.\n\nDAWSON: First of all, I want you to know our wedding was given to us by my\nwonderful, beloved piano teacher and Naoum Benditzky. It was in their home. The\nparty was. [points to a picture] See Mr. [Dimitri] Mitropoulos? He was at our\nwedding [on December 14, 1947], sitting with the bride ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=8880.0,8910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/298","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in a love seat like this\nat the wedding. I just love to think of that. He loved David. He loved him. He\nwas in his orchestra, a principal there. [points to another picture] That is my\npicture with Muriel Kerr.\n\nEINSTEIN: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=8910.0,8940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/299","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We'll get [images of] those another way later.\n\nDAWSON: Both of us. I was in school. We got married and we lived in New York\n[City]. He played with [Arturo] Toscanini's orchestra, with Naoum Benditzky, and\nFrank Miller, and all the wonderful musicians. I was going to Julliard. I was\ngoing to lessons, and more than to lessons--to other people's lessons. It was\nvery busy life. Then David found that it wasn't enough ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=8940.0,8970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/300","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"money just playing with\nToscanini. He had to join some Broadway show to add to the money. At that time,\nit was \"Look Ma, I'm Dancing,\" the show. He was playing that at night, coming\nhome very late, and getting up in the morning again, both of us going our ways.\nI used to go to the concerts of Toscanini and hear that. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=8970.0,9000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/301","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Finally, what happened\nwas that he dreamt all his life to be in a string quartet. He didn't want to be\nin an orchestra. He didn't care who conducted. He played with the best\nconductors--all of them--beginning very early in life, in school still. In\nJulliard, he played with Zhukovsky as a student. Just name anybody and he knew\nthem. It was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=9000.0,9030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/302","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in Music Mountain in Connecticut where we went. We were already\nmarried. We went for the summer concerts--summer series. A man by the name\nWilfred Bain, who became Dean Bane of the . . . He wanted to have a string\nquartet. Do you realize that that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=9030.0,9060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/303","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was the first string quartet ever in a\nUniversity? There was never such a thing in an American University.\n\nEINSTEIN: You moved to Bloomington [Indiana]. You said your older son was born .\n. .\n\nDAWSON: Greg was born . . . both of them were born in Bloomington.\n\nEINSTEIN: They were both born in Bloomington. What was it like for you? Can you\ndescribe your feelings around . . . you had your ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=9060.0,9090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/304","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sister, but you had left your .\n. . I'm not sure if you had any other family in Russia, but this whole thing\nbehind. Here you were making a new life . . .\n\nDAWSON: No. People don't realize . . . I had a phone call from a neighbor last\nnight saying to me, \"Why you never told me? How did you look for your relatives?\nHow did you find them?\" I said, \"Wait a second. I never ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=9090.0,9120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/305","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"looked for them and I\ndidn't have any.\" There were no relatives. The thing is: the relatives that had\nsurvived all thought that we were dead. I had one relative that would not give\nup looking. She started looking for Frina and me immediately when she came back\nfrom [unintelligible, 31:28, sounds like \"Evercreation\"] immediately. For\ninstance, our professor, [Abram Lvovich] Luntz--who was our teacher in [Kharkov]\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=9120.0,9150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/306","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Conservatory--he just kept crying all the time for us, because he loved us as\nhis children and not just as pupils. People were looking for us, but nobody\nlooked for us like Tamara, my cousin, who died only on March 11 [2009].\n\nEINSTEIN: She found you? How did she find you?\n\nDAWSON: [nodding \"yes\"] She was two years younger than me. She started calling\nme right after [the collapse of Communism in] ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=9150.0,9180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/307","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"1990. She was telling me that she\nis my sister. I said to her right away, \"I have only one sister.\" It is in the\nRussian language that you can call your cousin a sister. It is perfectly all\nright, but usually people have to know who the person is. I'd been in this\ncountry a great many ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=9180.0,9210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/308","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"years when she was calling me. When she was saying, \"I am\nyour sister,\" I would answer to her, \" No, I only have one sister.\" I thought\nshe's mixed up.\n\nEINSTEIN: You didn't know who she was?\n\nDAWSON: No idea. She was calling so much and so often, I got so tired of it. I\nwas answering it in the middle of the night. Sometimes, I was too sleepy to\nanswer. One day, she called up. It was already ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=9210.0,9240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/309","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"two [or] three weeks later. We\nhad a conversation. All of a sudden, [I realized] the aunt was her mother, whom\nI knew very well . . . Aunt Eve. She said something, just a word about this. I\nsaid, \"What?\" I said, \"You said 'Aunt Eve!'\" I said, \"Then you are Tamara!\"\nImmediately I knew the child and I said, \"Your sister is Celia.\" That\nimmediately ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=9240.0,9270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/310","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"woke my . . . [I asked,] \"What was your father's [name]?\" Semyon was\nhis name--a wonderful man. She didn't realize. [I said,] \"Don't you see you are\nthinking the same language? It is not the same thing. When you say 'sister,' it\nis only Frina.\" She and Frina were the same age exactly, and I was two years\nolder, and then her sister was five years older. To me, that was the oldest\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=9270.0,9300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/311","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"person. I always thought that I would like to be like Celia. Celia died\ntoo--about four or five years ago from terrible cancer. It just ate up her upper\narm. Both of them were doctors, had great education. Now there's only left her\none single ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=9300.0,9330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/312","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"son she had. He's alive, and he has one boy, but he's divorced. The\nwife doesn't really care much about the child.\n\nEINSTEIN: You were able to make a connection with part of this life that you had left?\n\nDAWSON: When we left Kharkov, we have not heard one word, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=9330.0,9360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/313","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"one letter, one\npicture. It was finished since 1941. It was exactly January 1942 [when] we left,\nand we never heard the name of one person that we ever knew.\n\nEINSTEIN: Until . . .\n\nDAWSON: Until 1990. Then slowly it started to unravel. I tell people, \"How . . .\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=9360.0,9390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/314","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what about pictures?\" I would never have one picture if it wasn't for Tamara.\nTamara was getting ready. She was an incredible person. Her sister, Celia,\ndoesn't do anything. She was just telling her, \"Don't do anything.\" Tamara sends\nme pictures of mother and father that are on the table. I have enlarged them.\nShe sent her family's pictures, which is my family. She wrote to me once a\n45-page letter in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=9390.0,9420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/315","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Russian the history of my mother's family, which I never\nabsorbed. It was very wonderful things. It just takes one person. I try to\nexplain to people. I didn't have any more-- the memory left--because nobody\ntalked, nobody contact, nothing. It's amazing that I remember as much as I do.\n\nEINSTEIN: This is a kind of broad ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=9420.0,9450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/316","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"question: as your children were growing older,\nwhat did you tell them about your past and about your life?\n\nDAWSON: When they were little, it was impossible to frighten them with horrible\nthings. How would I explain to them if I didn't tell them what happened? It was\nout of the question. Then what happened [is] that when Greg started working for\npaper: the people at the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=9450.0,9480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/317","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"paper kept very close touch and this is so small\ntogether. From the paper, they were interested [in] musicians because they would\nalways play [and were] out. They knew David and me being a Russian. They started\nasking questions of Greg because he was with the paper. He ended up having me\ntell him the story. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=9480.0,9510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/318","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This is such a long story and this was very compact. He had\ncertain space. We have that article. He wrote an article. It was a revelation to\nthe whole campus. They thought it was incredible. That was the only thing that\nhappened. Then it got quiet and the whole question of Holocaust somehow had to\ngo through the period of becoming more important. It ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=9510.0,9540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/319","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"did become more important.\n\nEINSTEIN: When did you start thinking about yourself as a survivor?\n\nDAWSON: I knew always I was a survivor because I did it. I was surviving doing\nit. In which way do you mean?\n\nEINSTEIN: The term \"holocaust survivor\" did not really come into use until\npeople were refugees really in the 1940's and 1950's. It's changed a little ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=9540.0,9570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/320","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"bit.\nHow did you start to think of your own past?\n\nDAWSON: Living in a situation of healing. I am very devoted to NPR [National\nPublic Radio]. I wake up at five in the morning to listen to it. I want to hear\nthe very first core things. I'm terribly interested in politics. [Politics is]\nmy second interest immediate after music. Music is my life. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=9570.0,9600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/321","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You can't do\nanything without politics. Just recently, it dawned on me that a person's life\nis decided very much by where they are born. If you are born into Hitlerism or\nStalinism . . . I don't even want to say communism, because I think that one day\ncommunism is going to be elevated to things like capitalism ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=9600.0,9630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/322","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because capitalism\nstinks. That's what I very politely will say. I don't like people to tell me\nsomething else. It very simply and easily throws away the lives of other people.\nIt's just terrible. I am very, very liberal--as liberal as they come. [I am not]\nbeing an idiot. I am not so liberal that I'll come out ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=9630.0,9660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/323","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and go undressed. I am\nconservative in many ways. I like to be living in a polite society. I don't like\nrudeness. I love good manners. I believe in it.\n\nEINSTEIN: What did you teach your children about the world? You had this very\ntraumatic . . .\n\nDAWSON: They're very liberal. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=9660.0,9690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/324","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So was their father.\n\nEINSTEIN: Specifically, what did you tell them [your children] about what it's\nlike to be in this world and what they should do here . . . from your own experience?\n\nDAWSON: I was living with them. They saw the treatment that we received, that we\ngave to other people ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=9690.0,9720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/325","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"respect. They are wonderful one way, my sons. I am very\nproud about them one way: they are not materialistic. Not materialistic in\nAmerica--Bravissimo [Italian: very good]! I mean, meet materialistic . . . I\nknow some black people who are very materialistic. It doesn't look good on them either.\n\nEINSTEIN: It is a prevailing culture, as you ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=9720.0,9750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/326","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"said. I was curious how you taught\nthem not to give in to that culture.\n\nDAWSON: I will give you an example. For instance, when my second child was born\nand I was doing teaching . . .\n\nEINSTEIN: What's his name?\n\nDAWSON: Billy [is] William Dmitri. Greg is Gregory Fred. Fred is for one reason.\nIt was the best friend that David ever had. That was his ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=9750.0,9780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/327","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"name. William Dmitri is\n[named for his] two grandfathers. I'll give you an example: I got a first helper\nto come in to clean once a week in my house when I got the second child. Gregory\nwas . . . ten. He got an idea that he was going to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=9780.0,9810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/328","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"just leave it all to the\ncleaner. I had wonderful cleaning people--wonderful ladies. He didn't\nunderstand. I said to him, \"You have got to not do just that. You have got to\nmake it as nice as possible for her to clean. You have to have so much respect\nthat you have to thank her all the time. You are very ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=9810.0,9840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/329","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"lucky. Don't you dare ever\nexpect her to do something.\" Those little boys were listening to me. They never\nforgot it. That's where you start. That's enough. It impressed them. That makes\nall the difference in the world.\n\nEINSTEIN: You mentioned a little ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=9840.0,9870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/330","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"earlier--I don't think we were on tape--that\nyou have started going to a synagogue. I was wondering how you took that part of\nyour identity back and how you embraced it?\n\nDAWSON: I was never religious. I was a product of Soviet life. I was definitely\nJewish all my life. All of my parents, the whole family was Jewish except when\nmy uncle--the only ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=9870.0,9900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/331","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"brother of my father--married a Christian. We knew she was\nChristian. She was the only one in the whole family--a large family. I started\nto answer about . . .\n\nEINSTEIN: About starting to go to synagogue.\n\nDAWSON: Here, in this vicinity . . . I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=9900.0,9930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/332","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"love musician's company. It is my life. I\nspend my life with them. Just think [about having] piano and violin in the house\nevery day. Then my husband and me exposed to all the marvelous musicians--the\nbest in the world. They are fun. I was alone here. I didn't feel that I made any\nfriends. I had one family for friends. The health food store--Return to Eden . .\n. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=9930.0,9960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/333","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they [the owners] were Jewish. They always wanted me to go to synagogue. I\nfound that synagogue would cost something like 700 or 800 dollars a year. I\nthought this is not the kind of money that I can spare at all. That was one\nreason and the other reason [was that] I didn't know what to do in synagogue. I\ndidn't know what would they do there. Partially, I was right. Then what ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=9960.0,9990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/334","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"happened\n. . . Greg wrote that article that I showed you, the paper, \"Return to . . . \"\nand I gave it to the friends at Return to Eden. They loved it. They said, \"Now\nyou have no excuse not to go to synagogue. You should go to synagogue.\" I said,\n\"Yes, I'd like to.\" I still didn't know how to start or how to go about doing\nit. What happened ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=9990.0,10020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/335","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"then was that the man--the husband of the young woman. There\nwere four people there: the parents and two children--he wrote an email to me\nsaying, \"Now, I want you to know there is a group of people who meet regularly\nevery week who are not Orthodox Jews. They don't belong in any kind of group of\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=10020.0,10050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/336","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jews except that they are Jews. That's all.\" I thought, \"That's me.\" I have to\ntry it. I went to synagogue. I said, \"Here I am. I am completely unorthodox\nperson.\" It's a very Orthodox synagogue--very Orthodox. I didn't know how\nOrthodox. I said, \"I got this email and I understand that you have a group of\npeople that meet here that are ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=10050.0,10080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/337","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"just plain Jews.\" Do you know that it has been\nabout five months that I have been going there [and] no one knows such a group?\nHe dragged me in. He can play tricks. Nobody at all knows such a group. I\ndiscovered that there is one fabulous rabbi. [He is] fabulous, developed\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=10080.0,10110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/338","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"musically, very deep man, very full of temperament, and very Orthodox it turns\nout. His teaching is wonderful. When I go to the sermon or service . . . What's\nthe difference?\n\nEINSTEIN: The sermon is the talk that happens inside the service.\n\nDAWSON: Okay, Right. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=10110.0,10140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/339","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When I go to that, I am completely lost because you get a\nbook and you follow the book with them. I don't know one word of Hebrew. I don't\nknow one word of Hebrew--no Hebrew. If you read the translations . . . I think\nthat their translations are not up to snuff. They are not good translations. I\ndon't like them. Then they are ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=10140.0,10170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/340","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"written so small you need to have very good\nglasses to read it and the books are heavy. I decided since I have no company,\nno friends, I have no musicians, I have to try something. I thought, \"The Jews\nare my very loved people.\" I love the people there. They are just wonderful to\neach other. It is a very friendly ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=10170.0,10200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/341","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"situation. It's nice.\n\nEINSTEIN: Let me ask you a real throwback question. I am curious. I know you\ngrew up in the Soviet Youth . . .\n\nDAWSON: . . . flag, red scarf, red tie . . . [Young] Pioneer.\n\nEINSTEIN: What about your grandparents?\n\nDAWSON: They were so wonderful. I had the best grandparents. We loved them\nexactly the same as mother and father. They were terrific ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=10200.0,10230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/342","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"people [and]\nGrandparents. They would do anything for us. We just loved them. They never\nfound it important to do anything. We were going to school with everybody else\nso we had to be like them. Yes, I wore a red tie.\n\nEINSTEIN: Did they still have a sense of their Jewish upbringing and their\nJewish culture?\n\nDAWSON: They would talk about their friends that we didn't know, their ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=10230.0,10260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/343","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"business\nat that time, and different politicians. The life under Lenin was very good.\nWhen Lenin was in charge before Stalin, the business thrived and Russia had a\nvery good time--a very good period at that time, communications with other\ncountries. Stalin finished it all. He came out with his Five Year ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=10260.0,10290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/344","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Thing [Plan] .\n. . Pyatiletniy [Russian: five-year] it is called there.\n\nEINSTEIN: The \"Five Year Plan\" it is called . . . how to destroy a country in\nfive years.\n\nDAWSON: He destroyed all the peasants, which is horrendous. Look at the misery\nthey have had for centuries, being slaves. It's unforgivable. This country has\ngot to stand on its feet sometime. The education is wonderful. They can do\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=10290.0,10320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/345","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"anything. Now they've got that oil too. Where is it? Forty million [or] 40\nbillion is in the pockets of [Vladimir] Putin.\n\nEINSTEIN: I have taken a lot of time. I wanted to ask you one big question.\n\nDAWSON: Of course. I think you are one of the biggest pleasure I have had in my\nlife because you are so up on ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=10320.0,10350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/346","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"everything.\n\nEINSTEIN: We try. I know writing your book was probably a cathartic experience .\n. .\n\nDAWSON: Yes.\n\nEINSTEIN: In thinking back, what did that experience of escaping from being shot\ninto a pit with your family and given this chance at life, what does that mean\nto you?\n\nDAWSON: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=10350.0,10380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/347","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It means to me that I am a different person. I wouldn't be this way at\nall. This world is not right. It is not right. The discrepancy for what it means\nto lead a life for one person is against somebody else. There is no resemblance.\nPeople are so greedy. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=10380.0,10410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/348","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Why do they need repeated things? All of this banking\nthings that is going on and credit cards. Look at the credit card thing. They\ntorture the people over it. One minute too late--get the door--one minute. It is\nunbelievable. It is the personalities that make the atmosphere. I am a very\ndifferent person from many ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=10410.0,10440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/349","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"other people.\n\nEINSTEIN: What do you mean by that? Give me a . . .\n\nDAWSON: Compassion . . . For instance, I want all the immigrants . . . Mexican\nimmigrants to be happy, to be educated. I think it is a shame and a major crime\nnot to give the children health care. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=10440.0,10470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/350","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One thing in Soviet Russia: health care.\nWow. I mean, health care . . . The people were being helped. Here, it is such a\nwhole new politic[al] idea--political obsession. [Americans say,] \"Oh, what do\nyou want? You want to give medical care to everybody? You want to be like\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=10470.0,10500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/351","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"England or Canada? Don't be like Soviet Russia.\" Capitalism is a sense of pride\nhere. In Russia, capitalism wasn't a sense of pride. To me, I have seen already\ncapitalism. I've seen communism and lots and lots of ugly things, but I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=10500.0,10530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/352","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"say that\nthey both need to learn. Why are they living? Why not to give people a life?\nThat's what I mean by that. I cannot stand this business of going against . . .\nnot taking into consideration education of children, because that means the\nwhole life is ruined. I don't know ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=10530.0,10560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/353","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"how many more things I can identify with. I\nbet people do call me an extremist. Look what an extremist I am: feed the\npeople! Yes, they should work. Yes, there would be outstanding people and not\noutstanding [people], but they need to eat. I don't think it is very complicated.\n\nEINSTEIN: Play a little music [for them] also?\n\nDAWSON: I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=10560.0,10590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/354","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"know you feel exactly the same way. You have . . . how am I going to\nfind out about . . . you, yourself, have not been in the Holocaust but your\nother relatives, your grandparents. You told me that your Father was a wonderful\npianist, but you knew him where?\n\nEINSTEIN: My father? I'll tell you ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=10590.0,10620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/355","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about that after the tape. I'll tell you later.\n\nDAWSON: I don't think it is any less interesting than . . .\n\nEINSTEIN: I know, but this is your tape for your family.\n\nDAWSON: I would love to know. I don't know anything about you. Did you write a\nbook about yourself?\n\nEINSTEIN: No. Let me go ahead and say, Spasiba [Russian: Thank You].\n\nDAWSON: That's the end of the book.\n\nEINSTEIN: Spasiba, for now. We'll stop now. Thank you so, so much ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=10620.0,10650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/356","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for agreeing\nto speak with me and with John. I hope your children and grandchildren enjoy\nhearing this story from how you want us to tell it.\n\nDAWSON: One day, the grandchildren will have their place of growth and you\ncannot foresee. Every one of them is different, but my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=10650.0,10680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/357","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sons . . . that's\nsomething else. Greg is engrossed in the subject. Billy is extremely intelligent\nand [a] wonderful person. One thing we were arguing about two days ago because\nwe started talking about what is the future of Israel. He just blew up at me. He\nsaid, \"Mom, Israel has just ruined the life of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=10680.0,10710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/358","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Palestinians.\" I said, \"Yes? How?\nBy taking them into the hospital and giving them medical care and warning their\nchildren to be out of the outside when there is going to be somebody who's going\nto be invading--the army?\" \"No,\" he said, \"They have taken away everything from\nthem. They have killed them by the hundreds just for those rockets.\" I said,\n\"Yes. How would you like to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=10710.0,10740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/359","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have the rocket every day, nonstop?\" No, there was\njust no question. Then I said to him, \"Yes, but you don't have to hit somebody\nback with incredible power so big as Israel have against the Palestinians.\" I\nsaid to him, \"Look, what is going on with Kim [Jong-il] with North Korea.\"\nDaniel Schorr, whom I can trust my life ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=10740.0,10770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/360","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to this man . . . he just cannot be\ndistrusted. He simply said, \"Forever we have been trying to meet this man, this\ngovernment. No matter what we do, it always turns back to one thing that he\nkeeps doing.\" He said, \"Eventually, we'll have to do the worse thing.\" I said it\nto ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=10770.0,10800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/361","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Billy, \"Billy, do you know what? When we do it, would you like to do just a\nlittle scratch to him or are you going to hit him?\" I said, \"Every aggressor has\nto be aggressed ten times as much just for being an aggressor. That's the thing\nthat counts.\"\n\nEINSTEIN: You certainly lived that in your own life. I am going to have to stop\nnow because we are running out of tape and I don't want to have to stop you in\nmid-sentence. Thank you again, so ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=10800.0,10830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/transcript/21467/annotation/362","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"much.\n\nDAWSON: Ruth, it's my pleasure. I'm just not going to be satisfied until I know\nabout you.\n\nEINSTEIN: Okay, we'll talk. We'll have plenty of time to talk.\n\nDAWSON: I have to know what made you the way you are.\n\nEINSTEIN: Thank you, Zhanna.\n\nDAWSON: You are really are an exceptional individual.\n\nEINSTEIN: Thank you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=10830.0,10860.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/annotation_set/286","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Annotations [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/annotation_set/286/annotation/363","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBerdjansk, also spelled Berdyansk [Russian] or Berdiansk [Ukraine], is a port city in southeast Ukraine. Berdjansk is located on the northern coast of the Sea of Azov, a shallow body of water that is connected to the Black Sea by the Kerch Straight. By the twentieth century, the town had become and important merchant trading port with well developed industry.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=180.0,210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/annotation_set/286/annotation/364","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Sea of Azov is an arm of the Black Sea, located in southeastern Europe, between the Crimean Peninsula, the east Ukrainian coast, and the north Caucasus. It is the shallowest sea on earth, with rich marine life, and sandbanks formed from the many rivers flowing into it. Traditionally much of the coastline has been a zone of health resorts. The climate on the Azov coast is unique: the summers are hot and dry, the winters are mild and warm.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=210.0,240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/annotation_set/286/annotation/365","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eNiccolo [Italian: Niccolò] Paganini (1782-1840) was a celebrated Italian violinist, violinist, guitarist, and composer.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=390.0,420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/annotation_set/286/annotation/366","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA food similar to porridge, it is a cereal like dish made of any kind of grain and boiled in milk or water.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=570.0,600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/annotation_set/286/annotation/367","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIvan Andreyevich Krylov (1769-1844) was a Russian author, who was well known for his fables.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=600.0,630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/annotation_set/286/annotation/368","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIn Ukraine, as in many German-occupied territories throughout Europe, antisemitism, nationalism, ethnic hatred, anti-Communism, and opportunism often induced collaboration with the Nazi regime. Such collaboration was a critical element in implementing the Final Solution and the mass murder of other groups whom the Nazi regime targeted. Collaborators committed some of the worst atrocities of the Holocaust era.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=1260.0,1290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/annotation_set/286/annotation/369","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePoltava is a city located on the Vorskla River in central Ukraine. It is located approximately 410 kilometers (255 miles) northwest of Berdjansk.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=1290.0,1320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/annotation_set/286/annotation/370","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIn total, about 12,000 Jews were killed in Kharkov in 1941-1942.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=1410.0,1440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/annotation_set/286/annotation/371","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOn June 21, 1941, German forces invaded the Soviet Union in \"Operation Barbarossa.\"\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=1530.0,1560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/annotation_set/286/annotation/372","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBabi Yar [Ukrainian: Babyn Yar] was a ravine on the northwestern edge of Kiev, Ukraine. On September 29-30, 1941, the SS and German police units and their auxiliaries, under guidance of members of Einsatzgruppen [German: mobile killing unit] C, shot 33,771 Jews in small groups in the ravine. This was one of the largest mass murders at an individual location during World War II. In the months following, thousands more Jews, as well as non-Jews including Roma (Gypsies), Communists, and Soviet prisoners of war were killed at Babi Yar. In all, it is estimated that some 100,000 people were murdered at Babi Yar.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=1560.0,1590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/annotation_set/286/annotation/373","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJoseph Vissarionovich Stalin (1878-1953) was the leader of the Soviet Union from the mid- 1920’s until his death. He is considered one of the most powerful and murderous dictators in history. Stalin and the Soviet government are generally believed to have been aware of the persecution of Jews, especially after Germany invaded the Soviet Union in the summer of 1941. Indeed, many events that have come to be called ‘the Holocaust’ took place on Soviet territory. Soviet forces also got a first-hand look at the atrocities inflicted upon Jews when they pushed west into Poland, Belarus, and Lithuania and began liberating extermination camps in the summer of 1944. However, Soviet propaganda tended to present the war with Germany as an ideological battle rather than any persecution specific to Jews.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=1590.0,1620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/annotation_set/286/annotation/374","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMahmoud Ahmadinejad was Iranian president from 2005 to 2013. During his presidency, Ahmadinejad was viewed as a controversial figure within Iran and internationally because of his economic policies, disregard for human rights, and his push for a nuclear program. He was also a vehement Holocaust denier and outspoken opponent of the State of Israel.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=1740.0,1770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/annotation_set/286/annotation/375","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWaves of repression rolled across the Ukraine in the 1930’s. In 1932-1933, natural factors and bad economic policies combined to cause a severe famine in Ukraine also known as Holodomor [Ukrainian: death by hunger], which killed an estimated 5 million Ukrainians. In an attempt to eliminate the threat of Ukrainian nationalism and any independence movement, the Communist Regime used the famine and an intensified policy of repression as a method of instilling fear and facilitating social control. Large segments of the Soviet population were terrorized during the Great Purge (or Great Terror). Three widely publicized show trials and a series of closed, unpublicized trials were held in the Soviet Union, which successfully eliminated the major real and potential political rivals and critics of Stalin. The trials were the public aspect of the widespread purge that sent millions of alleged “enemies of the people” to prison camps. In a series of purges and harsh repression that continued throughout the 1930's, over a half-million Soviet citizens were accused of treason, terrorism, and other anti-Soviet crimes and, without a trial, shot or deported. Many died in appalling conditions in Gulag labor camps in Siberia, central Asia, and other locations deep in the interior of the Soviet Union, where they were forced to work excessive hours in extreme cold with little food. Many of the victims of the Great Purge were ethnic or religious Jews, although the Jewish population was not specifically targeted. Like so many other citizens who had simply never joined the Communist Party, Zhanna’s father, Dmitri, was arrested, interrogated, and jailed several times. Zhanna began waiting on the corner outside their house, watching for the approach of the secret police, so she could warn her father inside.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=1920.0,1950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/annotation_set/286/annotation/376","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Komitet Gosudarstvennoi Bezopanosti [Russian: Committee for State Security] of the Soviet Union, also known as the KGB, was established in March 1954 in Moscow. The KGB was responsible for foreign intelligence, domestic security, the protection of the country’s political leadership, the supervision of border troops, and the general surveillance of the population.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=1950.0,1980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/annotation_set/286/annotation/377","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Narodnyy Komissariat Vnutrennikh Del [Russian: People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs], also known as the NKVD, was established in 1934. NKVD was the central law enforcement agency within the Soviet Union, responsible for the public police force and the Gulag system. NKVD often is used to refer specifically to the Soviet secret police, which at times was part of the agency, and is known for its political repression. NKVD underwent many organizational changes and eventually became the Komitet Gosudarstvennoi Bezopanosti (KGB).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=1950.0,1980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/annotation_set/286/annotation/378","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOn December 14, 1941, the Jews in and around Kharkov were ordered to move into the barracks of a machine-tool factory in the city’s factory district by December 16, 1941. At least 10,060 Jews were forced to surrender all of the valuables and goods they had brought with them and crammed into 26 barracks, with no plumbing, heating, or food and only limited access to water. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=2010.0,2040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/annotation_set/286/annotation/379","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eKharkiv or Kharkov is the second-largest city in Ukraine, located in the northeast of the country.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=2280.0,2310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/annotation_set/286/annotation/380","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOn December 27, 1941, several hundred Jews who had been concentrated at the factory were executed after they had been told they were being sent to work in Poltava. The final liquidation of the Jews confined in the factory in Kharkov began on January 2, 1942 and lasted several days. The Jews were taken to a ravine outside the city called Drobitskii Iar (also spelled Drobitsky Yar), shot, and thrown into a large trench that had been dug.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=2310.0,2340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/annotation_set/286/annotation/381","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eYevdokiya Boganchas (1899-1976) and his wife, Prokofiy (1901-1984), were the parents of a schoolmate, Nicolai Boganchas. The Boganchas family sheltered Zhanna and Frina until arrangements could be made to take them to a safer place. They helped develop a cover story and false names for the girls and hired a cart to take them to the outskirts of Khakov. From there, the girls walked to a town called Liubotyn, where they caught a train for Poltava. Yad Vashem has honored the Boganchas as Righteous Among the Nations.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=2400.0,2430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/annotation_set/286/annotation/382","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDawson, Greg. Hiding in the Spotlight: A Musical Prodigy’s Story of Survival 1941-1946. New York: Pegasus Books, 2009.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=2490.0,2520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/annotation_set/286/annotation/383","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWhen the sisters adopted new identities as non-Jews, Zhanna and Frina became Anna and Marina Morozova.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=2520.0,2550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/annotation_set/286/annotation/384","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFrederic [French: Frédéric] Chopin [Polish: Fryderyk Franciszek Szopen] (1810-1849) is widely considered to be one of Poland’s greatest composers. Chopin's Fantaisie-Impromptu is a solo piano composition composed in 1834 and published posthumously in 1855.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=2550.0,2580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/annotation_set/286/annotation/385","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRabbi David Silverman is a founding member and the current Dean of the Atlanta Scholars Kollel (ASK), a center for Jewish learning in Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=2640.0,2670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/annotation_set/286/annotation/386","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eKremenchug (also spelled Kremenchuk) is an important industrial city in central Ukraine, on the banks of the Dnieper River. It is approximately 80 kilometers (50 miles) northwest of Berdjansk and 115 kilometers (71 miles) from Poltava.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=2820.0,2850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/annotation_set/286/annotation/387","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eKiev or Kyiv is the capital and largest city of Ukraine, located in the north central part of the country on the Dnieper River.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=3000.0,3030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/annotation_set/286/annotation/388","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eKharkov is home to the State Natural History Museum of V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University. Founded in 1807, it is one of the oldest European Museums as well as a major research and educational center in Ukraine.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=3000.0,3030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/annotation_set/286/annotation/389","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOn December 13, 1943—long before the end of World War II—Ukrainians tried three German prisoners of war and one Soviet citizen for atrocities against civilians and prisoners of war, including using “death vans” (vans in which carbon monoxide exhaust fumes were redirected in order to kill all of the occupants). All four admitted guilt and were executed.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=3000.0,3030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/annotation_set/286/annotation/390","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIn October 1941, during the final phase of the German invasion of the Soviet Union, German forces approached Kharkov. The Soviet Army was ordered to defend the city while its factories were dismantled for relocation farther east. As a result of the ensuing battle, much of the city was left in ruins and most of Kharkov's industrial equipment had been evacuated or rendered useless by the Soviets. The occupying German troops confiscated large quantities of food and terrorized the population. Many people began to flee.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=3030.0,3060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/annotation_set/286/annotation/391","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOdessa is a port city on the Black Sea in southern Ukraine. Between 80,000 and 90,000 Jews were in Odessa in 1941, when the Romanian army (an ally of Germany) occupied the area. In two incidences in October 1941, the Romanian army assembled and shot or burned alive a total of almost 40,000. The remaining 35,000 were sent into ghettos and camps and eventually killed as well.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=3090.0,3120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/annotation_set/286/annotation/392","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe New Odessa European Market \u0026amp; Deli was a grocery store and deli located in the Atlanta, Georgia neighborhood of Druid Hills. A man named Victor Reznyk owned it. It was opened in 1995, but has closed since this interview.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=3120.0,3150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/annotation_set/286/annotation/393","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLiubotyn or Lyubotin is a city in eastern Ukraine 24 kilometers (15 miles) west of Kharkiv.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=3210.0,3240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/annotation_set/286/annotation/394","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAfter spending a few days tutoring the two children of a Russian family in Poltova in exchange for room and board, Zhanna had arranged to stay with Oleg Stepanovich. Stepanovich was employed as a translator for the Nazi commandant in Poltava. His wife had died in a camp in Siberia. Frina stayed with another family.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=3720.0,3750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/annotation_set/286/annotation/395","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEdvard Hagerup Grieg (1843-1907) was a Norwegian composer and pianist. His Piano Concerto in A minor is one of his most popular works and among the most popular of all piano concerto.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=3810.0,3840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/annotation_set/286/annotation/396","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMunich is the capital of the German state of Bavaria. It is located on the River Isar, north of the Alps. After World War II, the city was occupied by the United States.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=4260.0,4290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/annotation_set/286/annotation/397","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eKempten is a Bavarian city in southern Germany, approximately 90 kilometers (55 miles) southwest of Augsburg and 120 kilometers (75 miles) west of Munich.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=4290.0,4320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/annotation_set/286/annotation/398","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAugsburg is a Bavarian city in southern Germany, approximately 65 kilometers (40 miles) northwest of Munich.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=4290.0,4320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/annotation_set/286/annotation/399","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA dance called the “Jitterbug” first became popular in the 1920's in the Harlem neighborhood of New York City. The music that this dance accompanied was jazz, which by the 1930's was also called Swing, and which traced its origins to Ragtime, Dixieland, and Blues.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=4470.0,4500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/annotation_set/286/annotation/400","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWhen hostilities ended on May 8, 1945 in Europe, as many as 100,000 Jewish survivors found themselves among the 7,000,000 uprooted and homeless people classified as displaced persons (DPs). From 1945 to 1952, more than 250,000 Jewish displaced persons lived in camps and urban centers in Germany, Austria, and Italy. Allied authorities and the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA) administered these facilities. Eventually, DPs were repatriated to their home countries, reestablished themselves in new countries or immigrated outside of Europe. Most of the DP camps were closed by 1950.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=4590.0,4620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/annotation_set/286/annotation/401","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Yalta Conference (February 4-11, 1945) was the last wartime meeting between the three chief Allied leaders: President Franklin Roosevelt of the United States, Prime Minister Winston Churchill of Great Britain, and Premier Joseph Stalin of the Soviet Union. They met at Yalta in the Soviet Union to discuss the postwar order in Europe. They agreed on the complete denazification of Germany, the division of the country into zones of occupation, and the Soviet Union agreed to join the war against Japan.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=4590.0,4620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/annotation_set/286/annotation/402","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFrom 1942–1944, nearly three million Soviet citizens from German-occupied eastern and central European territories were gathered in mass round-ups and deported to Germany, Austria, and Bohemia-Moravia as forced laborers in various war-related industries. The laborers were known as Ostarbeiter [German: eastern workers] and wore an \"OST\" identification patch. The majority were young women sent to Germany as maids and nannies. Other Ost workers were housed in in private camps owned and managed by the large companies or in special camps guarded by privately paid police. Working and living conditions were typically very brutal.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=4650.0,4680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/annotation_set/286/annotation/403","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAfter the conclusion of World War II, Western powers, including the United States, were obligated to repatriate (send back) all persons living in Western Europe who had been born in Soviet territory. Initially the United States military authorities in Europe cooperated in the repatriation program, and between 1945 and 1948, 2 million Russian refugees were returned to the Soviet Union. There they faced exactly what they feared: many were imprisoned, exiled to Siberia, or even executed.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=4680.0,4710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/annotation_set/286/annotation/404","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Juilliard School was established in 1926 in New York City. It is a private performing arts conservatory offering programs in dance, drama, and music.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=4710.0,4740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/annotation_set/286/annotation/405","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eVladimir Samoylovich Horowitz (1903-1989) was a well known Jewish Ukrainian pianist and composer who came to the United States in 1928. His older sister, Regina, was a concert pianist and a teacher at the Kharkov Conservatory.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=4860.0,4890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/annotation_set/286/annotation/406","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA) operated the Funk Kaserne Emigration and Repatriation Center near Munich, Germany. It was originally a military barracks built in 1936. Funk is German for “radio” and Kaserne means “barracks.”\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=4950.0,4980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/annotation_set/286/annotation/407","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003epam is a brand of canned precooked meat products introduced by Hormel Foods Corporation in 1937. Spam gained international popularity after it was used by the United States military during World War II.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=5010.0,5040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/annotation_set/286/annotation/408","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOn April 13, 1946, Zhanna and Frina performed at a piano concert held for survivors at the Landsberg Yiddish Center near Munich, Germany.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=5340.0,5370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/annotation_set/286/annotation/409","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIn the aftermath of World War II, the United States limited the number of immigrants allowed entry into the US based on a national origins quota that had been established in 1924. The quotas in place severely limited the immigration of Eastern Europeans. About 50,000 displaced persons from the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe were ultimately able to come to the United States, but millions more were forcibly repatriated to the Soviet Union. Many Russian immigrants who came to the United States did not come directly from the Soviet Union and many claimed to belong to different Slavic nationalities rather than being Russian. Some had been transported to camps in Nazi Germany during the war; others had fled westward to escape the advancing Soviet Red Army in 1944 and 1945. Others were \"White\" (anti-Bolshevik) Russians who in the 1920’s had settled in East European countries (Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, Poland, and the Baltic States) that came under Soviet domination after World War II.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=5460.0,5490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/annotation_set/286/annotation/410","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe SS Marine Flasher was a converted troopship that brought the first displaced persons (DPs) to the United States when it set sail from Bremen, Germany on July 5th, 1946 and arrived at New York City, New York on July 15, 1946. There were 822 passengers aboard, the majority of whom were Polish and German refugees.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=5580.0,5610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/annotation_set/286/annotation/411","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePaul David Magriel (1906-1990) was a dance historian, critic, and author. He was librarian at the American School of Ballet and was later curator of the dance archives at the Museum of Modern Art. He was also an art collector and tour guide at the Metropolitan Museum of Art.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=5730.0,5760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/annotation_set/286/annotation/412","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWilliam Frank Buckley, Jr. (1925–2008) was a conservative American writer and political TV personality. He founded the conservative journal National Review in 1955.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=6300.0,6330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/annotation_set/286/annotation/413","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFritz Magg (1914-1997) was a cellist from Vienna, Austria. He was a principal cellist of the Vienna Symphony and Metropolitan Opera Orchestra, a member of the Gordon and Berkshire String Quartets, and a professor of cello and chamber music at Indiana University.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=6750.0,6780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/annotation_set/286/annotation/414","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Clara de Hirsch Home for Working Girls was founded in 1897 to provide teenage, mostly immigrant girls with comfortable lodging, vocational training, and social activities. The home was located on East 63rd Street in Manhattan in New York City, New York. Beginning in the 1930’s, the home sheltered growing numbers of young European Jewish refugees, as well as self-supporting students of various New York educational institutions. In 1960, the board of directors sold the building and in the following year, the organization merged with the 92nd Street Young Men's Hebrew Association (YMHA).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=7200.0,7230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/annotation_set/286/annotation/415","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society (HIAS) was founded in 1881 to help the constant flow of Jewish immigrants from Russian in relocating. During and after World War II, they had offices throughout Europe, South and Central America and the Far East. They worked to get Jews out of Europe and to any country that would have them by providing tickets and information about visas. After World War II, they assisted 167,000 Jews to leave DP camps and emigrate elsewhere. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=7200.0,7230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/annotation_set/286/annotation/416","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAfter their family had moved from Berdyansk to Kharkov sometime around 1936, nine-year-old Zhanna and seven-year-old Frina were accepted at the prestigious Kharkov National Kotlyarevsky University of Arts, also known as the Kharkov Conservatory. The Kharkov Conservatory is one of the leading colleges of art in Ukraine.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=7560.0,7590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/annotation_set/286/annotation/417","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Cold War (approximately 1945 to 1991) was a prolonged state of political and military tension between the powers of the Western world, led by the United States and its NATO allies, and the communist world, led by the Soviet Union, its satellite states and allies. It was waged on political, economic, and propaganda fronts and had only limited recourse to weapons. The Cold War ended with the fall of the communist system of government in the Soviet Union in the late 1980’s.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=7830.0,7860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/annotation_set/286/annotation/418","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCasualty estimates for the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) vary widely, but at least 20 million Soviet soldiers and civilians (including Jews) died during World War II. Estimates generally place the number of dead and missing Soviet soldiers between 8,800,000 and 10,700,000. Civilian deaths in occupied Soviet regions are estimated between 7,000,000 and 24,000,000. Civilian deaths were results of direct violence, starvation, disease, or occurred while performing forced labor.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=7860.0,7890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/annotation_set/286/annotation/419","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact (also known as the Hitler-Stalin Pact and German-Soviet Non-aggression Pact) was a non-aggression pact between Germany and Russia signed August 23, 1939. The pact provided that the two countries would not attack each other, independently or in conjunction with other powers; would not support any third power that might attack the other party to the pact; would remain in consultation with each other with regard to their common interests; would not join any power or group of powers that threatened the other; and would solve all differences between them through negotiation or arbitration. The public pact was accompanied by a secret protocol, reached on the same day, which divided Eastern Europe into German and Soviet spheres of influence. The Pact ended on June 22, 1941, when Nazi Germany attacked the Soviet Union.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=8040.0,8070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/annotation_set/286/annotation/420","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eVyacheslav Molotov was a Soviet politician and diplomat who served as Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1939 to 1949. He was a principal Soviet signatory of the Nazi-Soviet non-aggression pact of 1939.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=8130.0,8160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/annotation_set/286/annotation/421","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Germans occupied Kharkov on October 24, 1941. Anticipating that acts of sabotage and diversion would occur, the army ordered “Jews and Bolsheviks should be taken first for collective reprisals. Saboteurs and persons offering armed resistance would be hanged in public.” By the end of October, three civilian political commissars had been shot and seven saboteurs (including one woman) had been publically hanged.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=8190.0,8220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/annotation_set/286/annotation/422","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCossacks are a community of semi-independent warriors who united in the fifteenth century and were loyal only to the Russian Czar. Cossacks were primarily located in Russia and Ukraine. The name is derived from kazak [Turkic], which means “free man” or “adventurer.”\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=8400.0,8430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/annotation_set/286/annotation/423","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePogrom is a Russian word meaning “to wreak havoc, to demolish violently.” The term is used to refer to the organized, and often officially sanctioned, violent riots against Jews in the Russian Empire and in other countries during the nineteenth and twentieth century.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=8400.0,8430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/annotation_set/286/annotation/424","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Russian Revolution in 1917-1918, also called the October Revolution, was a coup that overthrew the Czar and brought the Bolsheviks (a Communist party led by Vladimir Lenin) to power after the conclusion of a bitter civil war in 1921.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=8400.0,8430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/annotation_set/286/annotation/425","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGeorge Walker Bush (1946- ) was the 43rd President of the United States. He served from 2001 to 2009. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=8460.0,8490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/annotation_set/286/annotation/426","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eKarl Rove is an American Republican political consultant and policy advisor. He was Senior Advisor and Deputy Chief of Staff during the George W. Bush administration until his resignation on August 31, 2007. Rove resigned while under investigation into his role in the controversial dismissal of seven United States Attorneys in 2006. It was suspected that the White House and the Department of Justice targeted the attorneys for dismissal in an effort to secure political advantage.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=8460.0,8490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/annotation_set/286/annotation/427","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBarack H. Obama is the 44th President of the United States, serving two consecutive terms from 2009-2016. He is the first African-American elected as president in United States history.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=8460.0,8490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/annotation_set/286/annotation/428","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHillary Diane Rodham Clinton (1947- ) is an American politician. Her husband, William Jefferson Clinton served as Governor of the state of Arkansas from 1983 to 1992 and as the 42nd President of the United States from 1993 to 2001. She served as a Senator in New York from 2001 to 2009 and as Secretary of State in President Barrack Obama’s administration from 2009 to 2013. She ran for the Democratic nomination for President of the United States in the 2008 and 2016 elections.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=8490.0,8520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/annotation_set/286/annotation/429","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eZhanna seems to be referring to the Gaza War, also known as Operation Cast Lead in Israel and as the Gaza Massacre or the Battle of al-Furqan by Palestinians, which was a violent three-week (December 27, 2008–January 18, 2009) armed conflict between Palestinians in the Gaza Strip and Israel. Palestinian casualties during the war were significant and Israel was ultimately victorious militarily, but worldwide public sympathy sided with Palestine. In May 2009, United States President Barrack Obama met separately with Israeli President Shimon Peres and Palestinian president, Mahmoud Abbas, at the White House in Washington, D.C. in an effort to negotiate a peaceful resolution. President Obama and Secretary of State Hillary Clinton publically supported a two-state solution and a cessation of Israeli settlements in the West Bank.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=8520.0,8550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/annotation_set/286/annotation/430","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGulag is an abbreviation of Glavnoye Upravleniye Ispravitelno-trudovykh Lagerey [Russian: Chief Administration of Corrective Labor Camps]. Gulag is the system of Soviet labor camps and accompanying detention and transit camps and prisons that housed the political prisoners and criminals of the Soviet Union from the 1920’s to the mid-1950’s. At its height, the Gulag imprisoned millions of people in Siberia, central Asia, and other locations deep in the interior of the Soviet Union. Conditions were extremely harsh and the death rate was high.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=8610.0,8640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/annotation_set/286/annotation/431","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Battle of Stalingrad took place between July 1942 and February 1943. In brutally cold winter weather, the Soviets were able to successfully defend the city of Stalingrad. The battle is considered to be a turning point in the war in favor of the Allies. The battle was also one of the bloodiest in history, with both sides suffering tremendous casualties.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=8640.0,8670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/annotation_set/286/annotation/432","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGestapo is an abbreviation of Geheime Staatspolizei, which means “Secret State Police.” It was established in 1934 and placed under Heinrich Himmler. With virtually unlimited powers, it was highly feared. The Gestapo acted to oppress and persecute Jews and other opponents of the Nazis, including rounding up Jews throughout Europe for deportation to extermination camps.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=8700.0,8730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/annotation_set/286/annotation/433","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDimitri Mitropolous (1896-1960) was a Greek conductor, pianist, and composer who became a United States citizen. David greatly admired Mitropolous and, at the time of David and Zhanna’s wedding, he was the principal conductor of Minneapolis Symphony Orchestra.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=8880.0,8910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/annotation_set/286/annotation/434","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eArturo Toscanini (1867-1957) was an Italian conductor, considered one of the great virtuoso conductors of the first half of the 20th century. From 1937 to 1954 he directed the NBC Symphony in New York City, an orchestra sponsored by the U.S. radio network.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=8940.0,8970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/annotation_set/286/annotation/435","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e“Look, Ma, I’m Dancing” was a musical directed by Jerome Robbins and Georgia Abbot. It opened at the Adelphi Theater in New York City, New York in January 1948.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=8970.0,9000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/annotation_set/286/annotation/436","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Berkshire String Quartet was an American classical chamber group that was founded in 1916 and disbanded around 1941. In 1948, it was founded again as the successor of the Gordon Quartet, which had disbanded the year before. At the urging of Wilfred Bain, the Berkshire String Quartet was in permanent residence at Indiana University in Bloomington, Indiana and preformed at the summer chamber music festivals held at Music Mountain in Falls Village, Connecticut. Founding members included Zhanna’s husband, David Dawson, on viola, Fritz Magg on cello, Ulrico Rossi on first violin, and Albert Lazan on second violin.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=9030.0,9060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/annotation_set/286/annotation/437","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWilfred Bain (1908–1997) was an American music educator, administrator, and an opera theater director at the collegiate level. Bain was Dean at the University of North Texas College of Music from 1938 to 1947 and at the Indiana University School of Music from 1947 to 1973.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=9030.0,9060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/annotation_set/286/annotation/438","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSoon after their wedding, David accepted a position at Indiana University as a teacher and a member of the Berkshire String Quartet in 1948.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=9030.0,9060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/annotation_set/286/annotation/439","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMusic Mountain hosts the oldest continuing summer chamber music festival in the United States. Sears Roebuck built Music Mountain in Falls Village, Connecticut in 1930. Music Mountain has four houses for resident musicians and students and Gordon Hall, a chamber music hall. It was founded as the permanent home for the Gordon String Quartet, one of the leading string quartets of the time. After the Gordon String Quartet disbanded, Music Mountain became the summer home of the Berkshire String Quartet. David played for both.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=9030.0,9060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/annotation_set/286/annotation/440","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIndiana University in Bloomington, Indiana houses The Jacobs School of Music, a music conservatory established in 1921. Until 2005, it was known as the Indiana University School of Music. In 1948, Zhanna and David moved to Bloomington. Zhanna and David taught at the university and David played for the Berkshire String Quartet, which was in residence at the university.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=9060.0,9090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/annotation_set/286/annotation/441","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eZhanna’s son, Greg Dawson, originally wrote an article about his mother in 1978 for the Herald-Telephone newspaper in Bloomington, Indiana, where he worked as a feature writer and columnist.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=9510.0,9540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/annotation_set/286/annotation/442","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eReturn to Eden was a family owned and operated health and natural foods grocery store located on Cheshire Bridge Road in Atlanta, Georgia. It opened in 1993 and closed in November 2014.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=9930.0,9960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/annotation_set/286/annotation/443","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOrthodox Judaism is a traditional branch of Judaism that strictly follows the Written Torah and the Oral Law concerning prayer, dress, food, sex, family relations, social behavior, the Sabbath day, holidays and more.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=10020.0,10050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/annotation_set/286/annotation/444","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Young Pioneers is a communist youth organization. Children in the organization wear a red scarf of neckerchief.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=10200.0,10230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/annotation_set/286/annotation/445","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJoseph Stalin aimed to modernize the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) through a series of nationalized plans for economic development, known as the Five Year Plans. His goal was to make the USSR self-sufficient and expand industrial production. The first three plans were developed and instituted between 1928 and 1938. The first step was to combine individual farms into a system of large state collective farms. In theory, this would free the peasants from agricultural work, allowing Stalin to create a large industrial work force in the cities. Collectivization was ruthlessly put into action by deporting an estimated one million wealthier peasants. The forced collectivization of the remaining peasants was often fiercely resisted and resulted in the disruption of agricultural productivity and a famine in 1932-33.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=10290.0,10320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/annotation_set/286/annotation/446","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eVladimir Vladimirovich Putin has been the President of Russia since 2012. Putin served as prime minister from 1999 to 2000, as President from 2000 to 2008, and again as Prime Minister from 2008 to 2012. At the time of this interview (2009), Russia had amassed hard currency reserves estimated to be as high as $600 billion thanks to its oil and gas income from skyrocketing energy prices.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=10320.0,10350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/annotation_set/286/annotation/447","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eZhanna seems to be referencing the financial crisis of 2007 to 2008 and the large amount of Americans who were evicted from their homes as a result. The crisis began when sky-high home prices in the United States turned decisively downward. As home values plummeted and interest rates climbed, borrowers began to default on their home loans. The housing market was then flooded with foreclosed properties for sale at reduced prices. The crisis spread quickly, first to the entire US financial sector and then to international financial markets. It was not limited to the financial sector, however, as companies that normally rely on credit—like banks and the auto industry—also suffered heavily.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=10410.0,10440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/annotation_set/286/annotation/448","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eKim Jong-il was the supreme leader of the communist Democratic People's Republic of Korea, commonly referred to as North Korea, from 1994 to 2011. On May 25, 2009—shortly before this interview was conducted—North Korea successfully detonated a powerful nuclear device underground and conducted several short-range missile tests. The test was nearly universally condemned by the international community, which had already imposed sanctions on North Korea in an effort to get the country to give up its nuclear weapons program.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=10740.0,10770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/annotation_set/286/annotation/449","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDaniel Schorr (1916–2010) was an American journalist who wrote for the Christian Science Monitor and The New York Times before becoming a reporter and news analyst for CBS, NPR, and CNN. He was known for his commentaries about governmental institutions and politicians.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=10740.0,10770.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/index/47496","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Zhanna Dawson [Index]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/index/47496/annotation/450","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Family and early life","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=112.0,776.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/index/47496/annotation/451","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"My mother was Sara Constantinov, because the father was Constantine. My middle name is Dmitrinov. My father was Dmitri.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=112.0,776.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/index/47496/annotation/452","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Berdjansk","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Family","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Genealogy","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ukraine","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=112.0,776.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/index/47496/annotation/453","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Start of musical education","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=776.0,1198.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/index/47496/annotation/454","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I was delighted with the music that I heard. I still am.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=776.0,1198.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/index/47496/annotation/455","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Musician","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Piano","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=776.0,1198.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/index/47496/annotation/456","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Parents heroism during the Holocaust","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=1198.0,1547.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/index/47496/annotation/457","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Could you describe your parents just a little bit, as to what kind of people they were?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=1198.0,1547.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/index/47496/annotation/458","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ghetto","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Heroism","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Holocaust","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Parents","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rescue","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Resilience","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Resistence","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"World War II","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=1198.0,1547.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/index/47496/annotation/459","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Nazi invasion","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=1547.0,1789.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/index/47496/annotation/460","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We had been told lies--all kinds of lies--ever since Germans invaded Russia.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=1547.0,1789.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/index/47496/annotation/461","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Axis Powers","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Nazi Germany","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Operation Barbarossa","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Soviet Union","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"World War II","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=1547.0,1789.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/index/47496/annotation/462","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Persecution and Ghettoization","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812#t=1789.0,2308.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/33292/file/103812/index/47496/annotation/463","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I was never scared. 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Even then, when we knew this was a death {00:38:30} march. Saying 'death' is one thing. 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