{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/hd7np1zb6q/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Halpern, Jack"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["2024-08-23 (captured)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Agent"]},"value":{"en":["Halpern, Jack (Interviewee)","Arogeti, Joel (Interviewer)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Publisher"]},"value":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum","Esther and Herbert Taylor Oral History Collection","Jewish Oral History Project of Atlanta"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eJack Halpern was interviewed by Joel Arogeti on August 23, 2024, in Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e (general)","\u003cp\u003eJack Halpern was born in Atlanta, Georgia in 1949. He is the second of five children born to Shirley Loenthal and Bernard Halpern. Jack was raised in Atlanta, and he and his family were members of Ahavath Achim Synagogue. Jack’s father immigrated to Atlanta from Poland as a teenager and began his career in the grocery business. Eventually, Bernard became involved in the commercial real estate business and founded the family business, Halpern Enterprises, Inc. Growing up, Jack was involved in Aleph Zadik Aleph and during the summers, he worked as a counselor at Camp Barney Medintz. Jack attended Morningside Elementary School and the Westminster Schools. He graduated from Harvard University with a degree in Social Psychology, and later, a law degree from the University of Georgia School of Law. Jack met his wife Lynne Peresman at a party in Atlanta, they married in 1979. They have three children, Beth, Benjamin, and Rachel.  Jack joined the family business shortly before his father suddenly passed away in 1980, he continued to assist his mother in running Halpern Enterprises, Inc., eventually assuming his current roles as Chairman and CEO. In addition to his career in real estate development, Jack has been a dedicated leader in Atlanta. He was the founding chairman of the Doraville Downtown Development Authority, served as chairman of the Board of Trustees of The Epstein School and of The Jewish Federation of Greater Atlanta, as co-chair of the Board of the Marcus Jewish Community Center of Atlanta, and on the boards of the American Jewish Committee, and the Anti-Defamation League.  For his leadership Jack has received numerous awards, including Citizen of the Year by the City of Smyrna, Georgia in 2015, the Distinguished Alumni Award from the Westminster Schools in 2019, he has been named one of Atlanta’s most influential leaders by Atlanta Magazine for the past three years, and he is the recipient of Federation’s 2024 Lifetime of Achievement Award.\u003c/p\u003e (bioghist)","\u003cp\u003eThe interview covers Jack’s family history, his early years, career, and involvement in the Atlanta community. He provides background on his family history and how his father came to Atlanta from Poland. He shares details on his father’s parents and siblings. He shares that his grandparents and uncle who stayed in Poland were killed in the Holocaust. Jack shares his experience visiting his father’s village in the 1990’s. He provides background on his mother’s upbringing, recalling his mother’s parents and siblings. He shares that his mother’s brother Albert was killed in action in World War II. He describes an antisemitic experience his father had in Poland that made him realize that he had no future there. He details how his father was sponsored by his uncle to come to Atlanta and left almost exactly a year before the Nazis invaded Poland. He describes his father’s early experience in Atlanta, working and eventually founding his own grocery business.  Jack shares how his parents met and corresponded while his dad was serving in World War II. He recounts how his parents reunited after the war and quickly got engaged. He recalls his parents' early life in Atlanta and recounts when each of his siblings was born. He details his family's trip to Europe and describes spending time with his Israeli relatives. He reminisces on his childhood in Atlanta, sharing where he went to school and names other Jewish children he grew up with. He shares his family’s affiliation with Ahavath Achim Synagogue and going to Hebrew school. He discusses his experience being one of the few Jewish students at Westminster. He reflects on attending Harvard during the Vietnam War era and his general academic experience at Harvard. Jack reflects on the diversity of the schools he attended and antisemitism.  Jack shares his involvement with Camp Barney Menditz and talks about how his wife also had the opportunity to go down to Atlanta during the summers to work at Camp Barney Menditz. He recalls how he and his wife met and got together. He also shares his experience at Law School at the University of Georgia. He talks about each of his children, their spouses, and their children. Jack talks about the family business, Halpern Enterprises, how it began, and how he became involved after his father passed away.  He shares how his parents' philanthropy and leadership influenced his own philanthropy as an adult. He describes how he became involved in various organizations in the Atlanta Jewish community and his leadership, particularly for Federation. The interview concludes with Jack reflecting on influential people and mentors in his philanthropy. He shares how Gerald Cohen, Erwin Zaban, and Harry Maziar positively impacted him and taught him valuable lessons in leadership.\u003c/p\u003e (scope content)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject"]},"value":{"en":["Arogeti, Joel S. (b. 1956) (personal name)","Brown, Beth Halpern (b. 1981) (personal name)","Brown, Gavin (personal name)","Cohen, Gerald Hershel (1918-2009) (personal name)","Freeman, Paul (1949-2021) (personal name)","Goldwasser, Ann Dorothy Loenthal (personal name)","Goldwasser, Harold (personal name)","Greenberg, Dr. Irving \"Greenie\" (1911-2006) (personal name)","Greenberg, Dr. Regina “Jean” Gabler (1912-2009) (personal name)","Halevi, Rachel Halpern (1914-unknown) (personal name)","Halpern, Aaron (1906-1989) (personal name)","Halpern, Alan (b. 1946) (personal name)","Halpern, Benjamin (b. 1983) (personal name)","Halpern, Bernard (1922-1980) (personal name)","Halpern, Caroline (personal name)","Halpern, Hirszko Tzvi “Herschel” (1918-unknown) (personal name)","Halpern, Jack (b. 1949) (personal name)","Halpern, Jacob (1885-unknown) (personal name)","Halpern, Lynne Peresman (personal name)","Halpern, Olga Isralsky (1895-unknown) (personal name)","Halpern, Owen (1952-2015) (personal name)","Halpern, Rick (b. 1956) (personal name)","Halpern, Shirley Loenthal (1925-2014) (personal name)","Hoffmeister, Chris (personal name)","Hoffmeister, Rachel Halpern (b. 1988) (personal name)","Kuniansky, David (b. 1949) (personal name)","Loenthal, Albert (1923-1946) (personal name)","Loenthal, Charles (1893-1959) (personal name)","Loenthal, Ida Schindel (1898-1991) (personal name)","Marcus, Bernard “Bernie” (b. 1929) (personal name)","Maziar, Harry (b. 1934) (personal name)","Oppenheimer, Carolyn Halpern (b. 1959) (personal name)","Raver, Fruma Halpern (1912-1991) (personal name)","Schachter, Bubba (personal name)","Tinter, Jay (1950-2022) (personal name)","Zaban, Erwin (1921-2010) (personal name)","Ahavath Achim Synagogue (corporate name)","Aleph Zadik Aleph (AZA) (corporate name)","Camp Barney Medintz (corporate name)","Capital City Club (corporate name)","Emma Kaufmann Camp (corporate name)","The Epstein School (corporate name)","Georgia Institute of Technology (corporate name)","Harvard University (corporate name)","Halpern Enterprises (corporate name)","Israel Bonds (corporate name)","Jewish Federation of Greater Atlanta (corporate name)","Marcus Jewish Community Center of Atlanta (corporate name)","Midtown High School, formerly Henry W. Grady High School (corporate name)","Morningside Elementary School (corporate name)","New York University (corporate name)","Piedmont Driving Club (corporate name)","Progressive Club (corporate name)","Standard Club (corporate name)","University of Colorado (corporate name)","University of Georgia (corporate name)","University of Texas (corporate name)","The Westminster Schools (corporate name)","The Wexner Foundation (corporate name)","The William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum (corporate name)","Aspen, Colorado (geographic term)","Athens, Georgia (geographic term)","Atlanta, Georgia (geographic term)","Baltimore, Maryland (geographic term)","Bialystok, Poland (geographic term)","Boston, Massachusetts (geographic term)","Boulder, Colorado (geographic term)","Cleveland, Georgia (geographic term)","Columbus, Georgia (geographic term)","Denver, Colorado (geographic term)","The Georgia Dome (geographic term)","Goniadz [Polish: Goniądz], Poland (geographic term)","Harvard Yard (geographic term)","Honolulu, Hawai'i (geographic term)","Israel (geographic term)","Italy (geographic term)","Lithuania (geographic term)","Los Angeles, California (geographic term)","Maoz Haim (geographic term)","Mercedes-Benz Stadium (geographic term)","Morningside Neighborhood, Atlanta (geographic term)","New Haven, Connecticut (geographic term)","New York City, New York (geographic term)","Palestine (geographic term)","Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (geographic term)","Poland (geographic term)","Russia (geographic term)","Sea of Galilee (geographic term)","Tel Aviv, Israel (geographic term)","Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania (geographic term)","Antisemitism (topical term)","The Battle of Anzio (named event)","The Holocaust (named event)","Vietnam War (named event)","World War I (named event)","World War II (named event)","bar mitzvah (other)","Hebrew school (other)","Kibbutz (other)","Nazi Party (other)","Passover (other)","RMS Queen Elizabeth (other)","SS France (other)","Treblinka (other)","Yiddish (other)","Zionism (other)"]}}],"summary":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eJack Halpern was interviewed by Joel Arogeti on August 23, 2024, in Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJack Halpern was born in Atlanta, Georgia in 1949. He is the second of five children born to Shirley Loenthal and Bernard Halpern. Jack was raised in Atlanta, and he and his family were members of Ahavath Achim Synagogue. Jack\u0026rsquo;s father immigrated to Atlanta from Poland as a teenager and began his career in the grocery business. Eventually, Bernard became involved in the commercial real estate business and founded the family business, Halpern Enterprises, Inc. Growing up, Jack was involved in Aleph Zadik Aleph and during the summers, he worked as a counselor at Camp Barney Medintz. Jack attended Morningside Elementary School and the Westminster Schools. He graduated from Harvard University with a degree in Social Psychology, and later, a law degree from the University of Georgia School of Law. Jack met his wife Lynne Peresman at a party in Atlanta, they married in 1979. They have three children, Beth, Benjamin, and Rachel.\u0026nbsp; Jack joined the family business shortly before his father suddenly passed away in 1980, he continued to assist his mother in running Halpern Enterprises, Inc., eventually assuming his current roles as Chairman and CEO. In addition to his career in real estate development, Jack has been a dedicated leader in Atlanta. He was the founding chairman of the Doraville Downtown Development Authority, served as chairman of the Board of Trustees of The Epstein School and of The Jewish Federation of Greater Atlanta, as co-chair of the Board of the Marcus Jewish Community Center of Atlanta, and on the boards of the American Jewish Committee, and the Anti-Defamation League.\u0026nbsp; For his leadership Jack has received numerous awards, including Citizen of the Year by the City of Smyrna, Georgia in 2015, the Distinguished Alumni Award from the Westminster Schools in 2019, he has been named one of Atlanta\u0026rsquo;s most influential leaders by Atlanta Magazine for the past three years, and he is the recipient of Federation\u0026rsquo;s 2024 Lifetime of Achievement Award.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe interview covers Jack\u0026rsquo;s family history, his early years, career, and involvement in the Atlanta community. He provides background on his family history and how his father came to Atlanta from Poland. He shares details on his father\u0026rsquo;s parents and siblings. He shares that his grandparents and uncle who stayed in Poland were killed in the Holocaust. Jack shares his experience visiting his father\u0026rsquo;s village in the 1990\u0026rsquo;s. He provides background on his mother\u0026rsquo;s upbringing, recalling his mother\u0026rsquo;s parents and siblings. He shares that his mother\u0026rsquo;s brother Albert was killed in action in World War II. He describes an antisemitic experience his father had in Poland that made him realize that he had no future there. He details how his father was sponsored by his uncle to come to Atlanta and left almost exactly a year before the Nazis invaded Poland. He describes his father\u0026rsquo;s early experience in Atlanta, working and eventually founding his own grocery business.\u0026nbsp; Jack shares how his parents met and corresponded while his dad was serving in World War II. He recounts how his parents reunited after the war and quickly got engaged. He recalls his parents' early life in Atlanta and recounts when each of his siblings was born. He details his family's trip to Europe and describes spending time with his Israeli relatives. He reminisces on his childhood in Atlanta, sharing where he went to school and names other Jewish children he grew up with. He shares his family\u0026rsquo;s affiliation with Ahavath Achim Synagogue and going to Hebrew school. He discusses his experience being one of the few Jewish students at Westminster. He reflects on attending Harvard during the Vietnam War era and his general academic experience at Harvard. Jack reflects on the diversity of the schools he attended and antisemitism.\u0026nbsp; Jack shares his involvement with Camp Barney Menditz and talks about how his wife also had the opportunity to go down to Atlanta during the summers to work at Camp Barney Menditz. He recalls how he and his wife met and got together. He also shares his experience at Law School at the University of Georgia. He talks about each of his children, their spouses, and their children. Jack talks about the family business, Halpern Enterprises, how it began, and how he became involved after his father passed away.\u0026nbsp; He shares how his parents' philanthropy and leadership influenced his own philanthropy as an adult. He describes how he became involved in various organizations in the Atlanta Jewish community and his leadership, particularly for Federation. The interview concludes with Jack reflecting on influential people and mentors in his philanthropy. He shares how Gerald Cohen, Erwin Zaban, and Harry Maziar positively impacted him and taught him valuable lessons in leadership.\u003c/p\u003e"]},"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/260/752/small/BremanHalpernVideoFIXES1-17-25.mp4_1738122803.jpg?1738122812","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - Breman_Halpern_Video_FIXES_1-17-25.mp4"]},"duration":5466.97578,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/260/752/small/BremanHalpernVideoFIXES1-17-25.mp4_1738122803.jpg?1738122812","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-thebreman.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/260/752/original/Breman_Halpern_Video_FIXES_1-17-25.mp4?1738122787","type":"Video","format":"video/mp4","duration":5466.97578,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/transcript/75256","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Halpern, Jack [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/transcript/75256/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eAROGETI:\u003c/strong\u003e Today is August 23, 2024, and we're here in Atlanta, Georgia, with Jack Halpern. Jack, on behalf of the William Breman Museum and the Esther and Herbert Taylor Oral History Project, you and I are going to have a conversation today about you and your family and Jewish Atlanta.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=0.0,20.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/transcript/75256/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHALPERN:\u003c/strong\u003e Great.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=20.0,21.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/transcript/75256/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eAROGETI:\u003c/strong\u003e Thank you for agreeing to chat with us today.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=21.0,24.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/transcript/75256/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHALPERN:\u003c/strong\u003e Thank you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=24.0,26.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/transcript/75256/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eAROGETI:\u003c/strong\u003e Jack, if you would, share with us a little bit, we're going to start chronologically going back to your parents or grandparents on both sides of your family. I would ask that when you reference people, please use their names because we really like having the names of people. If for any reason you say my grandmother or great grandmother, I'll remind you. Go ahead and share with us a little bit, where did your family come from before they lived in Atlanta?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=26.0,55.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/transcript/75256/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHALPERN:\u003c/strong\u003e Thanks for asking. My father was born in a small town in Poland. Goniadz [Polish: Goniądz], Poland was the name of the village, about 3,000 people. It was near the Russian border. The largest town in that part of Poland was called Bialystok, but Goniadz was about 3,000 people, about half of them Jewish, and they tended to live around the town square. The non-Jews were primarily farmers who lived in the surrounding countryside.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=55.0,109.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/transcript/75256/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eAROGETI:\u003c/strong\u003e What was Dad's name?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=109.0,110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/transcript/75256/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHALPERN:\u003c/strong\u003e My father's name was Bernard Halpern; in Yiddish it was Beryl Halpern. He was the youngest of six children. His parents, my grandparents were Jacob and Olga Halpern. Olga's maiden name was Isralsky. My grandfather was a fur trader, my grandmother ran what was the family business, which was seltzer water. They would make carbonated water basically with different flavorings. Everybody in the town was relatively poor, there was not a lot of trade with the outside world, but it was a happy childhood. My father didn't know he was poor because everybody in town had a similar lifestyle and material possessions.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=110.0,197.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/transcript/75256/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eAROGETI:\u003c/strong\u003e What year was your father born? If you remember.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=197.0,199.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/transcript/75256/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHALPERN:\u003c/strong\u003e My father was born in 1922. He was, as I mentioned, the youngest of six. His older brother was named Aaron, the oldest in the family, almost 15 year difference in age. Aaron, when he became a teenager, made his way to the United States. He was brought over and actually directly to Atlanta because my grandmother's sister had married someone and immigrated to the United States to Atlanta. That uncle was named Greenberg and married my great aunt . . . Started the family here, and in fact, my father was cousins to a lot of the Greenberg family that grew up in Atlanta. Now, there were between Aaron and my father, there were two sisters, Fruma Raver, was her married name and Rachel Halevi. The two of them were educated in Zionist school in the little village and they immigrated to what was then Palestine in the 1930's. They ended up spending their lives and married and raised their families in Israel. Their descendants, my cousins, I actually have more relatives living there than I do on my father's side here in America. We've stayed in touch through the generations with my Israeli relatives. There was a set of twins after Fruma and Rachel, my aunt and uncle. One child, one of the twins, died as an infant or a toddler, actually. The story is fell out of a highchair and died. The brother who survived of the twins was named Herschel, and he lived the rest of his life in Goniadz, in the village. Aaron, who had been in America since the 1920's, made a little bit of money, success on a relative scale and came back to visit the family in Poland in the mid 1930's. He offered, he said, \"I can sponsor one person to come to the United States.\" He offered it to Herschel; the next oldest brother and Herschel turned it down. He said, \"I want to go to Palestine, to Israel, where my sisters are.\" My father raised his hand and said, \"Take me.\" It's just with those few words, the whole trajectory of our family's history changed.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=199.0,466.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/transcript/75256/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eAROGETI:\u003c/strong\u003e Do you remember how old your dad was when he raised his hand and said, \"Take me\"?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=466.0,469.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/transcript/75256/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHALPERN:\u003c/strong\u003e He came over when he was 16 years old in 1938. This would have been probably 13 or 14 at the time. From that moment on his orientation and his goal was to make his way to the United States. Unfortunately, Hershel and my grandparents were murdered in the Holocaust. Hershel was actually killed in the town by his gentile neighbors after the Germans had come in and taken over in 1939. My grandparents, Jacob and Olga, were rounded up with the rest of the townspeople in 1941 and murdered in gas chambers of Treblinka. We know all of this because there were people who survived and hid out in the town when the Germans and the local townspeople rounded up the people who were left in the Jewish community and lived to tell the story. In fact, there's a book written by survivors, this was true for a lot of the towns and villages that during World War II who were decimated by the Nazi takeover, they created a survivors book which people who did survive told their story. It was through that book and survivors that my father befriended here and made their way to Atlanta, I was able to actually get a great map of the town, able to identify exactly where my father's house stood. My wife, Lynne and I, on a trip that was a stop on the way to Israel that we took as part of the Wexner Foundation sponsored group from Atlanta, we went over a couple of days before the group did to get a driver to take us to Goniadz. My father never had a desire to go back to visit. He said, \"It's just buildings. What really mattered was the people and there are no people left there that I would have any relationship with.\" In fact, when we went to visit and our guide engaged in conversation with the local people living in Goniadz at the time, this would have been in the early 1990's. Everybody said they came after the war, even though they were living in the houses that had been the Jewish houses around the town square. Nobody acknowledged having been there while the roundup was taking place.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=469.0,708.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/transcript/75256/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eAROGETI:\u003c/strong\u003e Jack, I'll put a little plug in for the Breman Museum and the archives that if you have an opportunity to either have a copy of that map or at some point in time in the future, there are reproductions made. Please feel free to give a copy of that map to the Breman and let that be part of our archives and the community's archives, because I know that's something they would treasure. Something to think about.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=708.0,735.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/transcript/75256/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHALPERN:\u003c/strong\u003e Thank you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=735.0,736.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/transcript/75256/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eAROGETI:\u003c/strong\u003e We've chatted a little bit about your dad's side of the family for a few minutes, and we'll come up and talk about Dad in Atlanta. But let's talk a little bit about your mother's family. Tell us her name and her family's background.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=736.0,751.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/transcript/75256/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHALPERN:\u003c/strong\u003e Her maiden name was Shirley Loenthal. She grew up in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania. Her father was born in America, but his parents were from Poland. Her mother, my grandmother, was born in Lithuania, and she made her way to America with a large family . . . Her mother passed away after she got to America, her father remarried so the blended family, I think there were eight or nine siblings in there. My grandmother had a large family. They settled mostly in Baltimore [Maryland]. That was where the bulk of them resided. When my grandmother, Ida Loenthal married my grandfather Charles . . . Ida's maiden name was Schindel. Ida followed Charles, her husband, to Wilkes-Barre, where he had family. Most of their cousins stayed in Baltimore then some scattered up to New Haven, Connecticut, etcetera, around the country. Charles was a barber, he served in World War I, and that was his job in the Army, was a barber. He went back to that when the war was over. Shirley was the middle child. She had an older brother, Albert Loenthal, who served in the service during World War II. He was a navigator for the Naval Air Corps and unfortunately, was shot down over the Pacific. I never met my uncle Albert. I visited the memorial in Hawai'i where there's a memorial to all soldiers and sailors and airmen who died in the Pacific. I visited in Honolulu, where there's a marker to remember him. Then my mother had a younger sister, Dorothy. Actually, Ann Dorothy is how they referred to her. The family moved when my mother was a senior in high school, moved back to Baltimore because they had a lot of family there and it was the height of World War II, so there weren't that many men's hair to cut in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania. He, as a barber, moved to Baltimore to be close to family on the one hand. On the other hand, a better chance to make a living. That was where, just to sort of catch the story up, my father . . . and I'll go back to his story . . . but met my mother in Baltimore.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=751.0,1014.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/transcript/75256/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eAROGETI:\u003c/strong\u003e What was your dad doing in Baltimore? I know he's living in Atlanta . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=1014.0,1022.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/transcript/75256/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHALPERN:\u003c/strong\u003e I'll pause the Baltimore connection and tell you how my father ended up being there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=1022.0,1029.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/transcript/75256/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eAROGETI:\u003c/strong\u003e That's great.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=1029.0,1030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/transcript/75256/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHALPERN:\u003c/strong\u003e To go back to, again, he was . . . childhood in Goniadz, Poland. Happy childhood, no inside plumbing, they did not have water in the houses until well after World War II. It was pretty much a subsistence existence. Again, how the seed got planted in my father's head to leave the place, someone who had been to America came to visit and my father was making himself breakfast one morning. To fry an egg, first you had to bring in wood to start a fire and nurse the fire . . . This gentleman who had been to America said, \"In America, all you have to do is punch a button and you get heat to cook.\" My father said, \"Woah, I need to see this place.\" Then another sort of anecdote that he shared, they were playing soccer just at the town square, a group of boys. The ball came to rest at the feet of a Polish Cavalry officer, my father went to retrieve the ball, and the Polish soldier just knocked him to the ground and said, \"Dirty Jew, get out of here.\" My father said that for the rest of his life he thanked that officer because he knew in that instant that there was no future for him in this place. He made up his mind if he ever had an opportunity he was going to leave. Credit to my grandparents, they had the courage and the foresight to say goodbye to their children one at a time who were only teenagers at the time. Not knowing if they would ever see them again to let them go away from this place in search of a better life.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=1030.0,1217.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/transcript/75256/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eAROGETI:\u003c/strong\u003e Jack, that story of the immigrant family and the courage of our ancestors is remarkable because we hear it over and over again almost in every generation. It's almost a version of the Halpern family Passover story in every generation. But that's a lot of courage on your grandparents’ part. Your dad comes to America, his older brother sponsors him. He's here in Atlanta. How old is he? Sixteen years old when he comes here?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=1217.0,1247.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/transcript/75256/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHALPERN:\u003c/strong\u003e He gets on the boat in November 1938. Remember that the Nazis invaded on September 1, 1939, just luck of the draw. He gets on a boat by himself, he doesn't speak a word of English. He makes his way to the boat docks in New York. He's met at the boat by his cousin, Irving Greenberg. Again, a cousin on his mother's side. Greenie had been living in Atlanta, was in New York. He was a doctor, as was his wife, Dr. Regina Gabler was her name. She ended up delivering all of me and my siblings.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=1247.0,1314.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/transcript/75256/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eAROGETI:\u003c/strong\u003e Very, very prominent family here in Atlanta. Dr. Greenberg, Greenie, I've met him a few times but heard legendary stories of him.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=1314.0,1324.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/transcript/75256/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHALPERN:\u003c/strong\u003e He was really a special person besides being just a renowned surgeon and his wife, an OB-GYN. He helped found the Hebrew Academy here in Atlanta and was a well-respected leader of the community. He was in New York doing his residency, his medical residency, took time out to meet my father at the boat and get him on the train to Atlanta. My father arrived with $2 in his pocket, got a ticket to a train to Atlanta. He spent those $2 buying bananas; he'd never seen bananas before. He was so happy to be here. He walked up and down the aisles of the train, giving away bananas to the other passengers on the train. He arrived with a lot of excitement and optimism about what the future might bring. When he got to Atlanta, went to work immediately, arrived on Friday, went to work Monday morning in his older brother Aaron's little grocery store. Aaron provided him with room and board, and I think the pay was $5 a week. After two years, my father would work in the store during the day and went to night school to learn English and get oriented to this country. After two years, between the money he was able save from that meager salary and he got people, relatives or friends that he had made during that period of time, had enough money to buy his own little grocery store. We have an article, a newspaper article from 1941, Dad was 19, bought the store when he was 18. Really just remarkable that, first of all, that friends and relatives had enough confidence in him to cosign a loan on this 18 year old kid to buy himself a grocery store.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=1324.0,1495.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/transcript/75256/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eAROGETI:\u003c/strong\u003e Do you remember what part of town was Dad was living in at that time?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=1495.0,1498.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/transcript/75256/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHALPERN:\u003c/strong\u003e It was down near where the Georgia Dome is, or Mercedes-Benz Stadium now, downtown Atlanta. There and slightly south of there is where the Jewish community had settled at that point in time. My dad was in the grocery business until he joined the Army in 1943. Sold the store and went to the service. He was on his way to fight in Italy. Anzio was the battle that he fought in, but his unit left from Baltimore to go to Italy. He was there just briefly for the purpose of getting on the ship and going over to Italy when he went to, I think, it was a Jewish community center dance or dances where the girls who were left behind would come and dance with the soldiers who were about to leave. I guess my mother and father hit it off that weekend. I think they met on a Friday, and he left, got on the ship on Sunday. But they spent a day in each other's company, they corresponded while he was literally in a foxhole over in Italy. According to my mother, all of his letters contained marriage proposals, and her friends kidded her saying not going to happen. He promised to take her to New York when he got back. He survived and came back, back to Atlanta. Then, with her parents’ permission, made good on his promise to take her to New York. She stayed at cousin's house in New Jersey. My father would meet up with her in the morning and he showed her as good a time as you can have in New York without too much money at that point in time. He proposed to her on the train back to Baltimore and got her father's permission. Literally, they had only spent a matter of days together. It was a different time . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=1498.0,1696.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/transcript/75256/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eAROGETI:\u003c/strong\u003e How young was your father at that time? Early 20's, Mid 20's?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=1696.0,1699.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/transcript/75256/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHALPERN:\u003c/strong\u003e He was born in 1922; this would have been . . . he would've been about 22 years old.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=1699.0,1708.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/transcript/75256/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eAROGETI:\u003c/strong\u003e But he had a lifetime of experience that none of us ever had.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=1708.0,1712.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/transcript/75256/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHALPERN:\u003c/strong\u003e For sure, he had . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=1712.0,1714.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/transcript/75256/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eAROGETI:\u003c/strong\u003e Very different 22 year old than most.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=1714.0,1715.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/transcript/75256/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHALPERN:\u003c/strong\u003e Had to grow up fast. Owned his own business by then and sold it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=1715.0,1723.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/transcript/75256/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eAROGETI:\u003c/strong\u003e Fought in a war.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=1723.0,1729.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/transcript/75256/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHALPERN:\u003c/strong\u003e Fought in a war. I guess had enough confidence in himself and his decision making to believe that he had found the woman he wanted to spend his life with.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=1729.0,1739.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/transcript/75256/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eAROGETI:\u003c/strong\u003e And convinced her of that!","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=1739.0,1740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/transcript/75256/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHALPERN:\u003c/strong\u003e He was a great salesman.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=1740.0,1744.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/transcript/75256/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eAROGETI:\u003c/strong\u003e What a great story.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=1744.0,1747.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/transcript/75256/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHALPERN:\u003c/strong\u003e He hit it off with her parents. The fact that Yiddish was his first language, his father in law and mother in law both spoke Yiddish, could converse with them like that. They moved to Atlanta.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=1747.0,1770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/transcript/75256/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eAROGETI:\u003c/strong\u003e Do you remember where their first house was? Have you heard the stories? Or rented an apartment?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=1770.0,1775.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/transcript/75256/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHALPERN:\u003c/strong\u003e They lived in an apartment on Boulevard, the corner of Boulevard and Angier Avenue. Again, it was a pretty densely Jewish neighborhood at the time. My grandparents, Shirley, my mother's parents lost a lease on their house in Baltimore and my father invited them and they moved down to Atlanta to be closer to their older daughter. Again, their son Albert had been killed in the war at this point in time and there's a younger daughter, Ann Dorothy came down to Atlanta with her parents. She ended up meeting and marrying a gentleman named Harold Goldwasser here and then settled in Atlanta. Ended up moving out of town eventually, but Atlanta was home for my parents and grandparents.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=1775.0,1862.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/transcript/75256/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eAROGETI:\u003c/strong\u003e Tell us a little bit about your siblings. I know that you have brothers and a sister and. Share with us the names of them and the birth order of them. This is 1945? 1946?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=1862.0,1878.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/transcript/75256/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHALPERN:\u003c/strong\u003e They were married in 1945 and my older brother, Alan was born in 1946. Still living here in Atlanta. My parents, maybe because they had lost their siblings at a relatively young age or they moved away, in the case of my father's sisters, wanted a big family. I was born in 1949. My brother Owen in 1952, my brother Rick in 1956. After four boys, my sister Carolyn arrived on the scene in 1959. Four boys and then a girl. I can still remember the night she was born because I was sitting in my parents’ bedroom and my father was on the phone talking to his sisters in Israel to let them know that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=1878.0,1971.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/transcript/75256/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eAROGETI:\u003c/strong\u003e That was a big deal in 1959 to call overseas because . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=1971.0,1974.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/transcript/75256/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHALPERN:\u003c/strong\u003e You had to call the operator, who then had to make the connection and get you back on the phone. He did a good job of staying in touch with his sisters in Israel and he was really the connection between our family here in America and the family in Israel. He was the link, just like he was the link between the old world and the new world coming to America. He was the link between the American and Israeli branches of the family. But he made sure that his children met and got to know their Israeli cousins. He, on several occasions, brought his sisters and some of their children to stay with us in Atlanta. One of my cousins actually lived with us for a number of months, taking courses at Georgia Tech. Then in 1962, my father, mother and my grandmother, Ida, my mother's mother . . . her husband, Charles, had died at this point. Took the five children, my sister was only three years old at the time, took all of us on a trip to Europe. Went over on the SS France, came back on the Queen Elizabeth. We spent a total of nine weeks and three weeks of that was in Israel. Six weeks touring around England, Holland, Denmark, Switzerland, Italy, Austria, eventually Italy, and then on the way back, France. Towards the end, three weeks in Israel, where we really got to know our cousins a little bit. One of the sisters, Fruma, the older one settled in Tel Aviv and within walking distance of the hotel that we stayed at so we could walk to her place. The younger sister, Rachel, Rachel was her name spent her whole life on a kibbutz. She married a kibbutznik. The name of which was Maoz Haim, it was on the Jordanian border just south of the Sea of Galilee. We had city cousins and country cousins. Over the years they weren't all that close. They would be with each other on simchas, but really, they got together when somebody from America came to visit, brought everybody together. My father would . . . he visited frequently, and I would do the same thing later in life, particularly as I got involved with Federation and other Jewish causes, would rent out a restaurant so that instead of having to have a meal at each of the cousin's houses, it would bring them all together and have a party, basically.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=1974.0,2245.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/transcript/75256/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eAROGETI:\u003c/strong\u003e That's great. Tell us a little bit, Jack, about your childhood here in Atlanta. You were born in the late 1940's, but your formative years were in the 1950's and 1960's.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=2245.0,2258.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/transcript/75256/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHALPERN:\u003c/strong\u003e It was a great place to grow up. I have only happy memories of my childhood. My parents outgrew the apartment on Boulevard where they lived after they got married and moved to a house on Lenox Road in Morningside area. My siblings and I all went to Morningside Elementary School. I could walk to school, there were shortcuts through people's backyards. It was a different time and place. You didn't worry about just letting your kids walk by themselves to school and we did. Morningside at the time was at least half Jewish in terms of the student body. You knew most other people, certainly your peers who were Jewish in Atlanta, it was a much smaller town, obviously, than exists today. The Jews lived either in Morningside or nearby or sometimes particularly if they made a little bit of money, they moved northwest to Margaret Mitchell, West Wesley area. My father prospered, did well, but never wanted to leave the Morningside area. After my sister arrived, we had outgrown the house on Lenox Road and built a new house on Wildwood Place, which again, it's a dead end, cul-de-sac street. There were 70 something kids living on that street, so there was always a ball game or something to do with the neighborhood kids. It was a great way to grow up.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=2258.0,2389.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/transcript/75256/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eAROGETI:\u003c/strong\u003e Tell us a little bit about some of your classmates that you remember that you've been friendly with over the years from your Morningside days, that you're still friendly with, those living and those that may have passed.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=2389.0,2404.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/transcript/75256/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHALPERN:\u003c/strong\u003e My best friend growing up was David Kuniansky, who is still living. The Kuniansky family, they were a generation of . . . David's father was named Max. He had four or five brothers, and they were a well-regarded, prominent family in town, charitable. David and I are still friends. I talked to him yesterday, as a matter of fact. A gentleman named Paul Freeman, who unfortunately died a couple of years ago, but again, lived just a couple of blocks away off of Lenox Road, on a street called Robin Lane. There was Martin Moskowitz, there was Dan Taratoot, Arthur Cohen. A guy named Jay Tinter, who unfortunately recently passed away. Helen Cohen, who is still with us doing well. It's the kind of thing that in addition to seeing people at school . . . our gang was all in the same AZA [Aleph Zadik Aleph] chapter and would meet on Sunday afternoons at the Jewish Community Center where we played sports, softball or baseball or basketball, depending on the season. That was a real catalyst for keeping people engaged and together.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=2404.0,2536.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/transcript/75256/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eAROGETI:\u003c/strong\u003e Let's talk a little bit about Jewish life. Members of synagogue, synagogue attendance or religious school. Tell us a little bit about what it was like for you going to public school and then your religious school experience.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=2536.0,2555.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/transcript/75256/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHALPERN:\u003c/strong\u003e Our family grew up . . . we were all bar mitzvahed at the Ahavath Achim Synagogue. There was a bus, the Hebrew school bus would pick us up at after school at Morningside and take us to religious school a couple days a week. It would be Sunday morning as well. We weren't all that enthused about going, but most of the kids did go through there. We weren't all that well behaved either on the bus or once we got to Hebrew school, but I guess some of it sank in, Again, people who you've known for that long a period of time, I still have close feelings for and bonds with, even though I don't see them as often. We all had, I think, a pretty happy experience growing up.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=2555.0,2638.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/transcript/75256/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eAROGETI:\u003c/strong\u003e After your days at Morningside, you went to high school. Where did you go to high school?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=2638.0,2644.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/transcript/75256/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHALPERN:\u003c/strong\u003e Morningside went through seventh grade and then you had to make a choice. We lived in the area where Grady High School, now it's Midtown, is the name of it. That's where most of my Morningside friends went. My teachers at Morningside persuaded my parents that I would get a better education if I went to Westminster. They applied and I got in there. I sort of had two sets of friends growing up, Westminster friends during the week and on weekends I tended to hang with the neighborhood gang, the old Morningside, now Grady High School people.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=2644.0,2702.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/transcript/75256/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eAROGETI:\u003c/strong\u003e Eighth grade through 12th grade, you were at Westminster. Tell us a little bit about that experience, particularly for people that aren't familiar.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=2702.0,2712.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/transcript/75256/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHALPERN:\u003c/strong\u003e Okay.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=2712.0,2713.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/transcript/75256/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eAROGETI:\u003c/strong\u003e What year was that?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=2713.0,2722.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/transcript/75256/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHALPERN:\u003c/strong\u003e This would have been 1962. 1962 to 1963, that school year. I started in eighth grade at Westminster. I was one of four Jewish boys. The boy’s and girl’s classes were separated back then so I was at Westminster Boy's School.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=2722.0,2742.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/transcript/75256/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eAROGETI:\u003c/strong\u003e Do you remember your Jewish classmates?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=2742.0,2744.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/transcript/75256/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHALPERN:\u003c/strong\u003e I remember their names, but I haven't seen them. Walter Bloom, Allan Crimm and Alan Doernberg. There were four Jewish boys in each grade. That was the quota. It was no secret that it was just the way it was. I actually thrived there. I was challenged intellectually and did well in school. Really all the way through I did well academically. At Westminster, you had mandatory athletics after school, so I started off running cross country. I gravitated into wrestling and ended up I was the state champion in my weight class at Westminster. I don't know that I would have done that if I had gone to a different school. They had a program, I stayed small even when I was a senior because you wrestle against people who are in your weight class. I tended to be older and more experienced than a lot of the small guys that I was wrestling. I had a good experience with that as well. I was president of the senior class. I was the editor of the yearbook my senior year.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=2744.0,2862.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/transcript/75256/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eAROGETI:\u003c/strong\u003e After high school, you matriculated to college.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=2862.0,2865.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/transcript/75256/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHALPERN:\u003c/strong\u003e I did.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=2865.0,2866.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/transcript/75256/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eAROGETI:\u003c/strong\u003e Where did you end up going to school?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=2866.0,2868.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/transcript/75256/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHALPERN:\u003c/strong\u003e I went to Harvard, actually. Again, did well enough at Westminster with advanced placement courses and such that I entered Harvard as a sophomore. This was during the Vietnam War era, and it was a little bit chaotic period at the time to be going through school, particularly going to college up north. If somebody was getting taken advantage of anywhere in the world, there were people in Harvard Yard handing out leaflets about it the next day. There was a lot of tumult but . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=2868.0,2923.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/transcript/75256/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eAROGETI:\u003c/strong\u003e What years were you in college just for . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=2923.0,2925.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/transcript/75256/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHALPERN:\u003c/strong\u003e Graduated in 1971.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=2925.0,2933.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/transcript/75256/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eAROGETI:\u003c/strong\u003e 1967, 1968, then 1971?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=2933.0,2936.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/transcript/75256/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHALPERN:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes. I could have gotten out early, but I didn't have . . . I didn't know what I wanted to do, so I stuck around for an extra semester there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=2936.0,2947.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/transcript/75256/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eAROGETI:\u003c/strong\u003e Did you go to school year round, or did you take your summers off and come back to Atlanta or elsewhere?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=2947.0,2954.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/transcript/75256/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHALPERN:\u003c/strong\u003e Some of both. I spent one summer up in Boston [Massachusetts], which was great. People who go to school or live in Boston don't smile at each other for about seven or eight months out of the year. You're just trying to find the next warm place to get to. I had had enough of it. I came back south after that experience, but it was a sort of humbling but also an exciting place to go to school because I might have been a hot shot back home but so was everybody else in my class at Harvard. Nothing special, nothing special up there. That was humbling but also it was sort of stimulating to be in the company of smart or talented people who weren't necessarily . . . everybody wasn't necessarily the smartest person, but they all had a talent of some kind that got them into Harvard. There were interesting people there. I was the student that didn't work hard enough to get A's there. Very few people flunk out of Harvard. They don't want to admit they made a mistake admitting you to, so they'll bend over backwards to keep you there. But I worked a decent amount, but I didn't make myself crazy with . . . Boston's a wonderful place to go to college too because there's so many other students there, they cater to college students. There's something going on in one campus or another all around town.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=2954.0,3094.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/transcript/75256/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eAROGETI:\u003c/strong\u003e I'm going to turn the conversation for just a minute and say, Jack, you discussed almost an ideal childhood and just really amazing. Had you or your family ever experienced any antisemitism here in Atlanta, either in your formative years, elementary school years, at Westminster, or even in college?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=3094.0,3120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/transcript/75256/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHALPERN:\u003c/strong\u003e I did grow up in a bubble. It was a pretty idyllic existence. Almost all of my friends were Jewish around Morningside. At Westminster, I learned to get along with the non-Jewish world. I was somewhat of a novelty there because most of them lived in a bubble also, but it was a Christian, elite country club, the best churches kind of existence.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=3120.0,3165.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/transcript/75256/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eAROGETI:\u003c/strong\u003e Were there other minorities at Westminster at the time? African Americans, people of color?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=3165.0,3171.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/transcript/75256/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHALPERN:\u003c/strong\u003e Not until after I left.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=3171.0,3175.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/transcript/75256/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eAROGETI:\u003c/strong\u003e Were your classes segregated in the sense of boys in one class, girls in another? Or did you have girls even though there was a girl’s school and a boy’s school? Were you in class with girls?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=3175.0,3187.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/transcript/75256/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHALPERN:\u003c/strong\u003e No. Only, like I mentioned, I edited the yearbook. The yearbook was a joint effort of the boys and girls.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=3187.0,3197.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/transcript/75256/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eAROGETI:\u003c/strong\u003e Extracurricular activities kind of?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=3197.0,3201.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/transcript/75256/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHALPERN:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes. I never really experienced significant antisemitism. I was aware that I was not invited to come swim in the pool at the Piedmont Driving Club or Capital City Club. It was just sort of an unspoken fact that, yes, we could be friends, but Atlanta was still, and it may have been true all over the United States, is segregated between Jewish and non-Jewish in terms of social opportunities and memberships and clubs or organizations. Now, we had the Progressive Club here in Atlanta. It was also the Standard Club. Again, these were Jewish. The Jews created their own alternatives to the non-Jewish country clubs, so to speak.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=3201.0,3283.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/transcript/75256/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eAROGETI:\u003c/strong\u003e Did you ever hear of stories or witnessed any experiences of your parents or particularly your dad and business of him having any issues with antisemitism or anything like that?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=3283.0,3299.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/transcript/75256/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHALPERN:\u003c/strong\u003e Not that he shared with me. Nothing that I was aware of. It may have existed, but my father had the ability to make friends with everybody he did business with. He was as ethical and straightforward as anybody that you would want to meet. He kept his word. He earned the respect of the non-Jewish people with whom he did business. I'm sure there was people who wouldn't do business with him because he was Jewish, but he found enough people of goodwill to be able to make a successful career.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=3299.0,3355.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/transcript/75256/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eAROGETI:\u003c/strong\u003e If you weren't in Boston for the summer, where did you spend your college summer days?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=3355.0,3364.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/transcript/75256/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHALPERN:\u003c/strong\u003e Prior to college, I worked at Camp Barney Medintz.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=3364.0,3371.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/transcript/75256/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eAROGETI:\u003c/strong\u003e Tell us what Camp Barney Medintz is.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=3371.0,3375.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/transcript/75256/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHALPERN:\u003c/strong\u003e Barney Medintz is an overnight camp in north Georgia outside of Cleveland, Georgia, that was founded and sponsored by the Atlanta Jewish Community Center. It was launched in the early 1960's. I started as a counselor-in-training, ended up working there as a counselor. Some of my favorite memories of growing up are associated with the time I spent at Camp Barney Medintz. I'm happy to say that my children had a great experience there as well. Now, my two oldest grandchildren love Camp Barney Medintz.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=3375.0,3440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/transcript/75256/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eAROGETI:\u003c/strong\u003e Jack, I want you to share with us a particular story about Camp Barney Medintz and it concerns some of the people you met there, one in particular. Tell us about one special person.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=3440.0,3454.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/transcript/75256/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHALPERN:\u003c/strong\u003e Are you referring to my wife?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=3454.0,3455.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/transcript/75256/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eAROGETI:\u003c/strong\u003e That is correct.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=3455.0,3457.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/transcript/75256/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHALPERN:\u003c/strong\u003e Our years did not overlap.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=3457.0,3460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/transcript/75256/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eAROGETI:\u003c/strong\u003e Really?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=3460.0,3462.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/transcript/75256/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHALPERN:\u003c/strong\u003e She also worked at Camp Barney Medintz, but I had stopped working there when she first came to work there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=3462.0,3469.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/transcript/75256/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eAROGETI:\u003c/strong\u003e That's news to me because I always thought you all met there, but I didn't realize that there wasn't overlap. You worked at Camp Barney; do you remember the years? What years they were?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=3469.0,3479.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/transcript/75256/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHALPERN:\u003c/strong\u003e It would have been 1965, 1966, 1967.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=3479.0,3486.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/transcript/75256/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eAROGETI:\u003c/strong\u003e I was camper then, with your brother, Rick.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=3486.0,3489.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/transcript/75256/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHALPERN:\u003c/strong\u003e Excellent.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=3489.0,3491.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/transcript/75256/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eAROGETI:\u003c/strong\u003e I just thought those were the years. Then fast forward a little bit, you stopped going to Barney and did other things in the summer. When did your wife . . . and tell us her name?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=3491.0,3502.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/transcript/75256/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHALPERN:\u003c/strong\u003e Lynne, her maiden name was Peresman, P-E-R-E-S-M-A-N.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=3502.0,3507.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/transcript/75256/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eAROGETI:\u003c/strong\u003e Where was Lynne from?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=3507.0,3509.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/transcript/75256/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHALPERN:\u003c/strong\u003e Lynne is from Pittsburgh [Pennsylvania]. She had gone to the equivalent of Barney Medintz up in Pittsburgh.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=3509.0,3519.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/transcript/75256/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eAROGETI:\u003c/strong\u003e Emma Kaufmann Camp?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=3519.0,3521.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/transcript/75256/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHALPERN:\u003c/strong\u003e Emma Kaufmann Camp. Right before she . . .  right after her last year at Emma Kaufmann Camp, one of the directors at Kaufmann came to Barney Medintz and recruited a bunch of the people he had worked with at Emma Kaufmann Camp to come work at Camp Barney Medintz. Lynne was one of those people, so she . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=3521.0,3555.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/transcript/75256/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eAROGETI:\u003c/strong\u003e Was that Bubba Schachter, if you remember correctly?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=3555.0,3558.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/transcript/75256/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHALPERN:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, that is correct. It was Bubba? Bubba.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=3558.0,3559.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/transcript/75256/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eAROGETI:\u003c/strong\u003e It was Bubba? Bubba.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=3559.0,3559.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/transcript/75256/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHALPERN:\u003c/strong\u003e It was Bubba? Bubba.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=3559.0,3559.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/transcript/75256/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eAROGETI:\u003c/strong\u003e It was Bubba? Bubba. I was also at camp during Bubba's years as well.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=3559.0,3562.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/transcript/75256/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHALPERN:\u003c/strong\u003e He was responsible for dozens of people literally making their way to Atlanta through Camp Barney Medintz. Lynne, her days off, she made friends with the Feldmans, Terri Feldman, who was from Atlanta. She would spend her day off at the Feldman's house here in Atlanta. She said, \"Gee, I really like Atlanta.\" After she graduated from college, she decided to move here.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=3562.0,3600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/transcript/75256/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eAROGETI:\u003c/strong\u003e Is that when y'all met, after?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=3600.0,3603.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/transcript/75256/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHALPERN:\u003c/strong\u003e Maybe a year or so after.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=3603.0,3607.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/transcript/75256/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eAROGETI:\u003c/strong\u003e Tell us a little bit how you met, just to share with us, general story.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=3607.0,3611.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/transcript/75256/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHALPERN:\u003c/strong\u003e I'd be delighted. I went to a party at a friend's house, actually the Kunianskys. I was friends with them back then, we decided to have a party together. Lynne had come to the same party through a different connection. I was holding up a wall, standing there, and this young lady comes up to me and says, \"You know what? You are the cutest guy at this party.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=3611.0,3651.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/transcript/75256/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eAROGETI:\u003c/strong\u003e I love that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=3651.0,3652.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/transcript/75256/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHALPERN:\u003c/strong\u003e I thought to myself, my goodness, what a perceptive young lady. Let me continue this conversation a little bit. We hit it off. It wasn't perfectly smooth sailing from there on into what is now 45 years of marriage, but after a year or year and a half or so, I decided that, you know what? This is good. Let's go with it. Quit looking for the greener grass and . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=3652.0,3703.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/transcript/75256/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eAROGETI:\u003c/strong\u003e When did you all get married? What year was it?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=3703.0,3708.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/transcript/75256/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHALPERN:\u003c/strong\u003e It was 1979, 45 years.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=3708.0,3710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/transcript/75256/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eAROGETI:\u003c/strong\u003e Tell us a little bit about . . . after college?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=3710.0,3716.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/transcript/75256/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHALPERN:\u003c/strong\u003e After college, I took a year off doing a variety of odd jobs and traveling a little bit. I lived in Aspen, Colorado for a few months in that period of time. Came back and went to law school at the University of Georgia.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=3716.0,3734.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/transcript/75256/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eAROGETI:\u003c/strong\u003e How was that experience?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=3734.0,3737.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/transcript/75256/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHALPERN:\u003c/strong\u003e Athens is a great place to go to school and in a way, I had always thought in the back of my mind I wanted to be a lawyer. The student body obviously was different from what I experienced at Harvard. This is mostly Georgia guys and girls there, but smart and motivated. I went through it, passed the bar exam and practiced law for a few years. Then my father made me an offer to come in house, into the family real estate business. Which I took him up on that. Unfortunately, he died a year later, so I only got to work directly with him for that year. It was a great experience. I felt I enjoyed practicing law, but this was much better. Much better for me anyway.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=3737.0,3821.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/transcript/75256/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eAROGETI:\u003c/strong\u003e What year was it that you joined the family business?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=3821.0,3823.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/transcript/75256/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHALPERN:\u003c/strong\u003e 1978.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=3823.0,3826.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/transcript/75256/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eAROGETI:\u003c/strong\u003e Then you're married in 1979?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=3826.0,3828.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/transcript/75256/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHALPERN:\u003c/strong\u003e Correct.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=3828.0,3830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/transcript/75256/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eAROGETI:\u003c/strong\u003e Tell us a little bit about your family, the family that you and Lynne started.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=3830.0,3835.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/transcript/75256/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHALPERN:\u003c/strong\u003e We have been blessed. We had, in 1981, our daughter Beth was born. We named our first two children, Beth, and Benjamin was born in 1983, both named after my father, Bernard. Then five years after Benjamin, Rachel was born. Most of our friends only had two children, but we decided to try for a third and can't imagine life without the three of them anymore. We're fortunate that all three of them, after going away to school, ended up coming back to Atlanta.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=3835.0,3894.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/transcript/75256/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eAROGETI:\u003c/strong\u003e Now you have three bonus children in addition to your three children.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=3894.0,3898.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/transcript/75256/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHALPERN:\u003c/strong\u003e We have . . . they each married a wonderful spouse.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=3898.0,3905.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/transcript/75256/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eAROGETI:\u003c/strong\u003e Beth married?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=3905.0,3907.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/transcript/75256/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHALPERN:\u003c/strong\u003e Beth married Dr. Gavin Brown. They have Zachary, who is now 13, almost 14 and Zoe who is, I guess, 11.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=3907.0,3927.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/transcript/75256/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eAROGETI:\u003c/strong\u003e Benjamin?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=3927.0,3932.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/transcript/75256/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHALPERN:\u003c/strong\u003e Benjamin married Caroline, who was living in New York at the time, introduced by a mutual friend. It was long distance for a little while but thankfully Benjamin was working with our family business at the time and persuaded Caroline to move to Atlanta. She succeeded there; he succeeded in being persuasive. Then Rachel . . . Beth went to the University of Texas and then got a master's in Jewish history at NYU [New York University]. Benjamin went to the University of Colorado in Boulder, as did Rachel. Rachel met Chris, her spouse, her now spouse, in Boulder. They lived in L.A. [Los Angeles] for a little while, where Chris had work in the film industry and then moved back to Denver [Colorado] where they had a lot of their college friends were living. Then, one of Benjamin's good friends, Robbie Shuman, was living in Denver, and Rachel was good friends with Robbie and his wife, Lee, also. They had a little baby and Lee be confided in Rachel that, \"Having a child is wonderful, but boy, it would be nice to be around my family to help raise our child.\" I guess that seed was planted in Rachel's mind. We had an opening in our family business that Chris had gone to work at a real estate company, so we had a job waiting for him if they moved to Atlanta. That's what happened. Benjamin has two children, Molly and Reed. Molly is now in first grade and Reed; he is in the Frogs Group at the Epstein School. Rachel has two daughters, Bryn and Alexandra, Alex.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=3932.0,4108.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/transcript/75256/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eAROGETI:\u003c/strong\u003e You all are blessed with six grandchildren?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=4108.0,4113.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/transcript/75256/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHALPERN:\u003c/strong\u003e Six grandchildren, all living within 10 to 15 minutes away from us.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=4113.0,4118.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/transcript/75256/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eAROGETI:\u003c/strong\u003e That's very unusual in Atlanta, and it's been very unusual anywhere else. You did something right. If you could only bottle it, Jack, you'd be a millionaire or billionaire.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=4118.0,4128.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/transcript/75256/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHALPERN:\u003c/strong\u003e I don't take it for granted. I know how fortunate we are, as far as that goes. I am very thankful. [interview pauses, then resumes] Lynne is also known as Mimi, is the consummate grandmother.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=4128.0,4143.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/transcript/75256/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eAROGETI:\u003c/strong\u003e What is your grandfather name?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=4143.0,4149.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/transcript/75256/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHALPERN:\u003c/strong\u003e Papa. Papa and Mimi. We get to see our kids and grandkids as frequently as they'll tolerate us coming.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=4149.0,4162.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/transcript/75256/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eAROGETI:\u003c/strong\u003e Jack, there are a couple other subjects I'd like to explore with you today. One is the family business, Halpern Enterprises is a quintessential multi-generation family success story. Get it out now, what your father started and what you and your sister have taken to another level, and the foundation you've left for the third generation  is remarkable. It's a story, I think, is deserved to be shared. If you would share a little bit of it, you took over or were working with your mom after your dad's sudden death. Just tell us a little bit about how he went from the grocery store business to the retail, shopping center kind of business. Then what you and your sister and others have done with the business over the years.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=4162.0,4221.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/transcript/75256/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHALPERN:\u003c/strong\u003e Happy to tell the story. After my father and mother got reestablished in Atlanta, he went back into the grocery business because that's what he knew. He decided to dabble in real estate. His store was off what was then called Bankhead, which was a predominantly African American section of town. Real estate was a little bit less expensive there. He bought a house and turned it into a duplex and sold it six months later and said he made more money in that transaction than six months in the grocery business. He said, \"Maybe I have something here.\" He continued dabbling in that and building small residential developments in that part of town and then decided to sell the store and went full time into real estate. Little by little, built a bigger apartment project and then built a small strip of stores. One was for his office, but then rented out to a little grocery store, a laundromat, a barber and beauty shop, and discovered that he liked commercial real estate better than the than the apartment business. He ended up selling all the apartments and swapping them for shopping centers. Initially, he was building little strip centers as amenities for the apartment developments, but then he went full time into commercial. He was just brilliant at picking good locations. He treated everybody fairly. He made all of his payments, mortgage payments on time. Never missed a payment, never late, never gave property back to a lender, even when he could have done so.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=4221.0,4385.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/transcript/75256/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eAROGETI:\u003c/strong\u003e That's pretty remarkable in Atlanta, because some of the best and well known real estate developers have suffered bankruptcies or near bankruptcies. That's why they call Atlanta the Resurgence City, because so many people have failed in real estate but had second lives or third lives.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=4385.0,4403.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/transcript/75256/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHALPERN:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=4403.0,4404.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/transcript/75256/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eAROGETI:\u003c/strong\u003e It's remarkable to hear that story about your dad.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=4404.0,4405.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/transcript/75256/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHALPERN:\u003c/strong\u003e I know that it's unusual, but it was just a point of pride with him. He was never going . . . nobody was ever going to lose money because they did business with him. He was consistent with that. I'm happy to say that that is sort of a principle that we have upheld going on to generations. My father left us . . . one more sort of fact, when he was 50 years old. He did what you would call an estate freeze. He basically said, I've got all I'll ever need in life. He gave to future generations; he created a trust for the benefit of future generations that continues to own most of our company today. He had enough, he didn't have expensive hobbies. He liked to go fishing, but having grown up basically in poverty, he knew material possessions were not the key to happiness. He was generous in terms of how we treated his family, but also in terms of his charitable giving. He, was in particular, and I'll mention this, he befriended a lot of the Holocaust survivors who made their way to Atlanta. He could speak to them in Yiddish, their native language and he put several of them into business, in the grocery business, in shopping centers that he owned. He was there to offer advice, and he was, in a sense, a role model for these people to see how it's possible to start a new life here in America and make a success of it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=4405.0,4554.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/transcript/75256/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eAROGETI:\u003c/strong\u003e Jack, I think that is a great segway to a little discussion about, you mentioned your dad was philanthropic in his ways, I'd like to talk a little bit about you and your immediate family's philanthropic ways. Not only with your treasure, but also with your time. When did you start getting involved in the Atlanta community, Atlanta Jewish community in terms of philanthropy and giving of your time?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=4554.0,4597.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/transcript/75256/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHALPERN:\u003c/strong\u003e Our father took one of my brothers and me on a mission to Israel.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=4597.0,4609.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/transcript/75256/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eAROGETI:\u003c/strong\u003e Which brother was that?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=4609.0,4612.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/transcript/75256/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHALPERN:\u003c/strong\u003e Owen, and I think it was with Israel Bonds, as I recall was the organization. He also took us to a Federation annual dinner or something where people announce their gifts.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=4612.0,4629.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/transcript/75256/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eAROGETI:\u003c/strong\u003e Was this at a time when you were that young adult or were you still in school?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=4629.0,4635.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/transcript/75256/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHALPERN:\u003c/strong\u003e I had moved back to Atlanta after law school. I was, I think, 20's probably. My father died; I was 31. It was soon after that I'd seen him, he had been on the board of the Federation. I knew he was involved and in my mother was involved a little bit as well. One advantage of being in the real estate business is that I'm not on the clock in terms of how I spend my time. It's possible for me to set my own schedule pretty much. I was able to give some time to nonprofit causes. I was invited to participate in a leadership development program at Federation that exposed me to Jewish organizations in town. One outcome of that experience was that I was placed on the board of the Epstein school, this was before we had any children, and the Jewish Community Center. I got exposed to what the life was like and how those organizations functioned Then, of course, at Federation itself. I had my parents’ example in terms of giving money and I discovered it's okay for me to ask other people too, if I'm giving and I believe in the cause, I'm comfortable asking other people to join me. If you say yes, you tend to get asked to do other things. I didn't learn how to say no very well. Over time, through Federation, Epstein School, and a bunch of other organizations I was able to give time, and our business did well, and we were able to contribute money as well.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=4635.0,4814.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/transcript/75256/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eAROGETI:\u003c/strong\u003e Jack, if I can say candidly, you're extremely modest. Your time was not just spent volunteering, your time was spent in the leadership. This interview and this discussion is part for posterity. The Jewish people have been around for over 125 generations and this is going to be recorded in the archives of the Breman Museum in their Esther and Herbert Taylor Oral History Project. There will be generations long after us that might one day read the transcript or listen to this. I think it's critically important for history to understand that your involvement was just not of your treasure or your time but was your leadership. Would you share with us some of the leadership roles that you've had in our community and why those were particularly impactful to you or those causes?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=4814.0,4883.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/transcript/75256/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHALPERN:\u003c/strong\u003e Federation, I'll start with Federation, its primary mission is to raise money and to allocate it as wisely as possible to meet the needs of the Jewish community both here and overseas, including Israel. I was involved in the allocations process initially. Where deciding where the money that we raised should go. I got an education in terms of what the priorities and they evolve over time, but where the money should go, where it could do the most good. Sometimes that involved giving money to organizations in Israel. I've been to Israel more than 20 times and a lot of it was on either Federation or other organization missions. Then, of course, at the community center . . . I'll continue on with Federation because I never quite got off the wagon, the Federation wagon, so to speak. Over time, I took on more responsibility in terms of raising money, the annual campaign and . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=4883.0,5003.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/transcript/75256/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eAROGETI:\u003c/strong\u003e You chaired that effort at some time in your volunteer life?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=5003.0,5007.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/transcript/75256/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHALPERN:\u003c/strong\u003e I did. I chaired the annual campaign. I also chaired the endowment fund of Federation. Eventually, I became the chairman of the board at Federation and sort of oversaw all aspects of the organization and its fundraising and allocations process. In the process, and I guess this was part of my motivation, I got to meet with and have meaningful conversations with the most generous people in our community. By taking on this role, we you automatically have some credibility. Whoever you're going to meet with, they know that you've paid your dues and worked your way up. I'm thankful I was successful in keeping the light burning in the community and helping us meet the goals that we needed to meet in order to grow the community.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=5007.0,5089.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/transcript/75256/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eAROGETI:\u003c/strong\u003e Pause for a minute, Jack, it's clear that your father was one of the most significant mentors in your life. Could you share with us just a story or two about, or just names of some other mentors you've had the privilege of working with or getting to know?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=5089.0,5110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/transcript/75256/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHALPERN:\u003c/strong\u003e Gladly. First one that comes to mind is Gerald Cohen. I was a young member of the nominating committee that Gerald was chairing at the time to decide who should be the next group of leaders of the Federation. Gerald asked me to step out of the room for a moment because he wanted to nominate me to be become an officer and didn't think I should be a participant in the nominating committee process while that was going on. Gerald was a mentor to me and a wise person. Erwin Zaban played a similar role in my life. He sort of led the charge and showed the way for generations of our community and was welcoming to me. All these people, part of their goal was to replace themselves by bringing younger people along. I had willing mentors, and I felt honored to be able to absorb some of the wisdom that these people emanated. A person who had been my mentor and is still my mentor is Harry Maziar. Harry has been on the advisory board of my company for 35 years and he's a member of our family foundation board as well. I've known Harry and have been able to absorb some of his wisdom both in business and in terms of philanthropy. He and I have served together as Co-Chairs of the Jewish Community Center board when they had gone through some rough times and we were invited or appointed, perhaps more accurate, by Bernie Marcus to try and turn the economics of the Community Center around. We did so. Part of that involved raising money to get the Community Center back on a positive track. Again, watching Harry in operation has been a blessing to me for lots of reasons. He, like Erwin and like Gerald Cohen . . . There's a long list of people that I have learned from who tended not to be the first ones to speak, but all had a gift for listening to what everybody in the room had to say and then summarizing that in a way which led to the group endorsing the right action going forward. That's a skill that I saw in action, and I have tried to emulate but not always successfully. I sometimes think I know the answer, so I can't help myself, I blurt it out. There's value in bringing the group together and encouraging everybody to express their feelings and feeling part of the process. That's something that I have tried to put into practice in whatever leadership role and whatever organization I've been part of.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=5110.0,5403.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/transcript/75256/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eAROGETI:\u003c/strong\u003e Jack, I've been taught to end on a high note. What you just discussed, I think, is a lifelong generational part of Jewish culture. It's part of our religion. It's part of our peoplehood. It transcends Judaism. Getting people to work together for a common good and for a common cause. I want to be very positive when I say this, Jack Halpern that is part of your legacy. For that, a very grateful Atlanta community says, \"Thank you, yasher koach [Hebrew: May your strength be righteous], chazak u'baruch [Hebrew: Be strong and blessed].\" Thank you for sharing with us today. We could go on for minutes and hours more, but I know the time is a little bit late,  with that, I'll say on behalf of a very grateful community, thank you for sharing this story.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=5403.0,5465.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/transcript/75256/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHALPERN:\u003c/strong\u003e Thank you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=5465.0,5466.97578"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/annotation_set/1795","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Annotations [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/annotation_set/1795/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum in Atlanta celebrates and commemorates Jewish history, culture, and art through events and museum spaces. The Breman also contains the Cuba Family Archives for Southern Jewish History, which houses thousands of manuscripts, oral histories, and photograph collections, related to southern Jewish history and the Holocaust.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=0.0,20.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/annotation_set/1795/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGoniadz [Polish: Goniądz] is a town in Poland, located on the Biebrza River in Podlaskie Voivodeship in northeastern Poland. Eighty percent of the town was destroyed in World War II. The Germans occupied the town for ten days in September 1939 and burned the synagogue before handing the town over to Soviet forces. The town was reoccupied by the Germans in 1941. On November 2, 1942, the SS drove out most of the Jewish inhabitants to a transit camp in the village of Bogusze. From there, they were sent to Treblinka extermination camp and Auschwitz concentration camp and most of them were murdered on arrival. After its postwar reconstruction, it became a local agricultural hub and tourist destination.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=55.0,109.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/annotation_set/1795/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBialystok is the largest city in northeastern Poland and the capital of the Padlaskie Voivodeship. It has historically drawn many immigrates because of the nearby border with Belarus. The city was chartered in 1692 and has been a leading center of academic, cultural and artistic life, and an economic center in northeastern Poland.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=55.0,109.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/annotation_set/1795/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBernard Halpern (1922-1980) immigrated from Poland in 1938. He settled in Atlanta, Georgia, learned English by attending night school, and within two years purchased his own grocery store. He served in Italy with the U.S. Army during World War II. Bernard later became a residential real estate developer of small apartment complexes. In the early 1960s, he exchanged his residential properties for shopping centers and began a company called Halpern Enterprises, which is still operated by his children. He married Shirley Loenthal, and they had five children, Alan, Jack, Owen, Rick, and Carolyn. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=110.0,197.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/annotation_set/1795/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eYiddish is the common historical language of Ashkenazi Jews from Central and Eastern Europe. It is heavily Germanic based but uses the Hebrew alphabet. The language was spoken or understood as a common tongue for many European Jews up until the middle of the twentieth century. Although the terms “Yiddish” and “Yid” are sometimes used to refer to Jews, Yiddish is a reference to a person's language and not necessarily their ethnicity, religion, or culture.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=110.0,197.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/annotation_set/1795/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJacob Halpern (1885-unknown) was a fur trader in Goniadz [Polish: Goniądz], Poland. He was married to Olga Isralsky, and they had six children, Aaron, Fruma, Rachel, Herschel, Miriam, and Bernard. Jacob, Olga, and their son Herschel were murdered in the Holocaust. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=110.0,197.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/annotation_set/1795/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOlga Isralsky Halpern (1895-unknown) operated a seltzer water business in Goniadz [Polish: Goniądz], Poland. She was married to Jacob Halpern, and they had six children, Aaron, Fruma, Rachel, Herschel, Miriam, and Bernard. Olga, Jacob, and their son Herschel were murdered in the Holocaust. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=110.0,197.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/annotation_set/1795/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAaron Halpern (1906-1989) was the oldest son of Jacob and Olga Isralsky Halpern. He was born in Goniadz [Polish: Goniądz], Poland and immigrated to Atlanta, Georgia in the 1920’s. He married Mary Halpern, and they had a son, Alvin. In Atlanta, Aaron owned and operated grocery stores. He was a member of Ahavath Achim Synagogue. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=199.0,466.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/annotation_set/1795/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFruma Halpern Raver (1912-1991) was the oldest daughter of Jacob and Olga Isralsky Halpern. She was born in Goniadz [Polish: Goniądz], Poland and immigrated to Tel Aviv, Israel. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=199.0,466.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/annotation_set/1795/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRachel Halpern Halevi (1914-unknown) was the second daughter born to Jacob and Olga Isralsky Halpern. She was born in Goniadz [Polish: Goniądz], Poland and immigrated to \u003cem\u003eMaoz Haim Kibbutz\u003c/em\u003e in Israel. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=199.0,466.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/annotation_set/1795/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eZionism is a movement which supports a Jewish national state in the territory defined as the Land of Israel. Although Zionism existed before the nineteenth century, in the 1890s Theodor Herzl popularized it and gave it a new urgency, as he believed that Jewish life in Europe was threatened, and a State of Israel was needed. The State of Israel was established in 1948, and Zionism today is expressed as support for the continued existence of Israel.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=199.0,466.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/annotation_set/1795/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePalestine is an area in the eastern Mediterranean region. Today, the region is made up of modern Israel and the Palestinian territories of the Gaza Strip and the West Bank. Beginning in 1920, Great Britain ruled Palestine under a mandate created by the League of Nations. The British were to facilitate the establishment of a modern Jewish homeland. In April 1947, the U.N. General Assembly set up the Special Committee on Palestine (UNSCOP). This committee recommended that the British mandate over Palestine be ended, and that the territory be partitioned into two states. On November 29, 1947, the U.N. General Assembly passed the partition plan.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=199.0,466.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/annotation_set/1795/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHirszko Tzvi “Herschel” Halpern (1918-unknown) was the son of Jacob and Olga Isralsky Halpern. He was born in Goniadz [Polish: Goniądz], Poland and had a twin sister Miriam. Miriam died as a child. Herschel and his parents were murdered in the Holocaust. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=199.0,466.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/annotation_set/1795/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Holocaust was the systematic, government-sponsored attempt by the German Nazi government to annihilate the Jews of Europe between 1939 and 1945, which resulted in the deaths of 6,000,000 Jews.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=469.0,708.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/annotation_set/1795/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTreblinka was established in the Lublin district of Poland in November 1941. It began operations as an extermination camp in July 1942. The camp had gas chambers that used diesel engine exhaust to murder the Jews. In the first few weeks of the camp’s existence about 250,000 Jews from the Warsaw ghetto were murdered there. Treblinka was closed in early 1943 and the bodies in the mass graves were dug up, cremated and reburied. Thereafter it was razed to the ground and a farm was set up on the land. The Russians liberated the area in the summer of 1944 but there was nothing left to find except the disturbed ground over the mass graves of nearly 900,000 souls from all over Poland and Europe.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=469.0,708.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/annotation_set/1795/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWorld War II (abbreviated WWII or WW2) was a global war involving fighting in most of the world and most countries. Most countries fought in the years 1939–1945 but some started fighting in 1937. Most of the world's countries, including all the great powers, fought as part of two military alliances: the Allies and the Axis Powers. World War II was the largest and deadliest conflict in all of history. It involved more countries, cost more money, involved more people, and killed more people than any other war in history. Between 50 to 85 million people died. The majority were civilians. It included massacres, the deliberate genocide of the Holocaust, strategic bombing, starvation, disease, and the only use of nuclear weapons against civilians in history.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=469.0,708.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/annotation_set/1795/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe National Socialist German Workers’ Party (NSDAP), commonly known as the “Nazi Party,” was a political party in Germany active between 1920 and 1945. The party’s leader was Adolf Hitler. Initially, Nazi political strategy focused on anti-big business, anti-bourgeois, and anti-capitalist rhetoric. In the 1930s the party's focus shifted to antisemitic and anti-Marxist themes. Racism was also central to Nazism. The Nazis aimed to unite all Germans as national comrades, whilst excluding those deemed either to be community aliens or of a foreign race. The Nazis sought to improve the stock of the Germanic people through racial purity and eugenics, broad social welfare programs, and a disregard for the value of individual life, which could be sacrificed for the good of the Nazi state and the “Aryan master race.” The persecution reached its climax when the party-controlled German state organized the systematic murder of approximately 6,000,000 Jews and 5,000,000 people from the other targeted groups.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=469.0,708.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/annotation_set/1795/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLynne Peresman Halpern is the co-owner of a boutique jewelry store, Tassels in Atlanta, Georgia. She was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania and attended the Ohio State University Class. She moved to Atlanta where she met Jack Halpern. Lynne and Jack have three children and six grandchildren. They are involved in numerous philanthropic causes in Atlanta and the Jewish community. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=469.0,708.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/annotation_set/1795/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Wexner Foundation is a foundation that aims to cultivate leadership philanthropy in the North American Jewish Community and the State of Israel. The Foundation is committed to Jewish Peoplehood and actively fosters connections between Wexner leaders in North America and Israel, promoting engagement between them as a priority for leadership in both communities. The Wexner Foundation has several programs and fellowships including the Wexner Heritage Program (WHP), the Wexner Davidson Fellowship (WDF), and the Wexner Field Fellowship.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=469.0,708.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/annotation_set/1795/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eShirley Loenthal Halpern (1925-2014) was born in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania to Ida Schindel and Charles Loenthal. She had two siblings, Albert and Ann Dorothy. Albert was killed in action during World War II. In 1945, she married Bernard Halpern, and they moved to Atlanta where they had five children, Alan, Owen, Jack, Rick, and Carolyn. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=751.0,1014.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/annotation_set/1795/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWilkes-Barre is a city in Pennsylvania. It is located in the Wyoming Valley in the northeastern part of the state. The city sits on the Susquehanna River, and it was founded in 1769. The area was originally inhabited by the Shawnee and Lenape Native American tribes. The city’s growth in the 19th century was due in part to the mining of anthracite coal, but the coal industry collapsed after World War II.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=751.0,1014.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/annotation_set/1795/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBaltimore is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Maryland, as well as the 30th most populous city in the United States, with an estimated population of 593,490 in 2019. Founded in 1729, Baltimore has a long history as an important seaport.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=751.0,1014.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/annotation_set/1795/annotation/177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIda Schindel Loenthal (1898-1991) was born in Lithuania and immigrated to the United States as a child. She was married to Charles Loenthal, and they had three children, Albert, Shirley, and Ann Dorothy. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=751.0,1014.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/annotation_set/1795/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCharles Loenthal (1893-1959) was born in the United States to Polish immigrants. He served in World War I and was married to Ida Schindel. They had three children, Albert, Shirley, and Ann Dorothy. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=751.0,1014.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/annotation_set/1795/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eNew Haven is a city in New Haven County, Connecticut. It is located on New Haven Harbor on the northern shore of the Long Island Sound. It is part of the New York City metropolitan area, and it is the third largest city in Connecticut. It was one of the first planned cities in America and it is home to Yale University, one of the nine colonial colleges chartered before the American Revolution.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=751.0,1014.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/annotation_set/1795/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWorld War I, also called First World War or Great War, was an international conflict from 1914 to 1918 that embroiled most of the nations of Europe along with Russia, the United States, the Middle East, and other regions. The war pitted the Central Powers—mainly Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Turkey—against the Allies—mainly France, Great Britain, Russia, Italy, Japan, and, from 1917, the United States. It ended with the defeat of the Central Powers.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=751.0,1014.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/annotation_set/1795/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAlbert Loenthal (1923-1946) was born in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania to Ida Schindel and Charles Loenthal. He had two siblings, Shirley and Ann Dorothy. Albert served as an Aviation Radioman Third Class, U.S. Navy during World War II. He was killed in action in the Pacific Theater and was awarded a Purple Heart posthumously. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=751.0,1014.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/annotation_set/1795/annotation/182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHonolulu is the capital and most populous city of Hawai'i, in the Pacific Ocean. Honolulu is Hawai'i’s major hub for business, finance, hospitality, and military defense. The city is known for its mix of Asian, Western, and Pacific cultures, creating diverse demography, cuisine, and traditions. Honolulu has been the capital of the Hawai’ian Islands since 1845, gaining worldwide attention in 1941, following the Empire of Japan's attack on nearby Pearl Harbor which prompted the United States to enter World War II. The harbor remains a major U.S. Navy base and the site of the USS Arizona Memorial.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=751.0,1014.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/annotation_set/1795/annotation/183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ePesach\u003c/em\u003e [Hebrew: Passover] is the celebration of Israel’s liberation from Egyptian bondage. The holiday lasts for eight days. Unleavened bread, \u003cem\u003ematzo\u003c/em\u003e, is eaten in memory of the unleavened bread prepared by the Israelites during their hasty flight from Egypt, when they had not time to wait for the dough to rise. On the first two nights of Passover, the \u003cem\u003eseder\u003c/em\u003e, the central event of the holiday, is celebrated.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=1217.0,1247.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/annotation_set/1795/annotation/184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDr. Irving \"Greenie\" Greenberg (1911-2006) was born in Poland and came to Atlanta with his family in 1913. He was a graduate of Emory University Medical School. Following his service in the United States Army (1941 to 1946) he returned to Atlanta where he practiced General Surgery for more than 40 years and pioneered Early Ambulation, post-operative care in which a patient gets out of bed and engages in light activity as soon as possible after an operation. He served on the board of almost every major medical and Jewish organization in Atlanta. He co-founded the Greenfield Hebrew Academy, helped establish the first blood bank in Atlanta, and co-chaired the Jewish Federation’s first annual campaign that raised $1,000,000.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=1247.0,1314.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/annotation_set/1795/annotation/185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDr. Regina “Jean” Gabler Greenberg (1912-2009) was one of the first women physicians and practiced OB/GYN in Atlanta for almost 50 years. She and her late husband, Dr. Irving Israel \"Greenie\" Greenberg were instrumental in introducing early ambulation to the Atlanta medical community. She was an active volunteer in the Jewish and general community. She was instrumental in the founding of the Greenfield Hebrew Academy and Shaarei Shamayim Synagogue. Regina and Irving had two children, Ira and Leonard. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=1247.0,1314.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/annotation_set/1795/annotation/186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eObstetrics and gynecology is the branch of the medical care that focuses on pregnancy, childbirth and the postpartum period (obstetrics), and the female reproductive systems (gynecology).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=1324.0,1495.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/annotation_set/1795/annotation/187","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFounded in Atlanta in 1953, the Katherine and Jacob Greenfield Hebrew Academy (GHA), originally known as The Hebrew Academy, was the first Jewish day school in the country to be accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools. In 2014, GHA (grades pre-K through 8) merged with Yeshiva Atlanta high school to become what is now Atlanta Jewish Academy.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=1324.0,1495.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/annotation_set/1795/annotation/188","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Georgia Dome was a domed stadium in Atlanta. It was owned and operated by the State of Georgia as part of the Georgia World Congress Center Authority. Opened in 1992, it was then the second-largest covered stadium in the world by capacity, behind the Pontiac Silverdome. Though the Georgia Dome was a profitable facility, its primary tenant, the Atlanta Falcons of the National Football League, grew dissatisfied with it less than two decades after its opening and began planning for a replacement stadium. It was closed and demolished in 2017. The Georgia Dome's successor, Mercedes-Benz Stadium, was built adjacent to the south and opened on August 26, 2017.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=1498.0,1696.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/annotation_set/1795/annotation/189","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMercedes-Benz Stadium is a multi-purpose stadium in Atlanta, Georgia. It opened in 2017 as a replacement for the Georgia Dome, it is the home of the Atlanta Falcons of the National Football League (NFL) and Atlanta United FC of Major League Soccer (MLS). The stadium is owned by the state of Georgia through the Georgia World Congress Center Authority, and operated by AMB Group, the parent organization of the Falcons and Atlanta United FC. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=1498.0,1696.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/annotation_set/1795/annotation/190","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Battle of Anzio was a battle of the Italian Campaign of World War II that commenced on January 22, 1944. The battle began with the Allied amphibious landing known as Operation Shingle and ended on June 4, 1944, with the liberation of Rome. The operation was opposed by German and Italian Repubblica Sociale Italiana (RSI) forces in the area of Anzio and Nettuno.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=1498.0,1696.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/annotation_set/1795/annotation/191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRefers to a small pit dug during military action to provide an individual shelter against hostile fire.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=1498.0,1696.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/annotation_set/1795/annotation/192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAlan Halpern (b. 1946) was born in Atlanta, he is the oldest son of Shirley Loenthal and Bernard Halpern. He attended Georgia Military Academy and graduated from Castle Heights Military Academy in Lebanon, Tennessee. He attended the University of Georgia, where he was a member of Alpha Epsilon Pi, and was the outstanding graduate of the U.S. Army Missile and Munitions Center. He served in the Vietnam War. In 1970, he married Helene Kalish. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=1878.0,1971.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/annotation_set/1795/annotation/193","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOwen Halpern (1952-2015) was born in Atlanta, he was the second son born to Shirley Loenthal and Bernard Halpern. He graduated from both Lovett High School and Vanderbilt University. Owen was involved with the arts, LGBTQ community, and other various philanthropic causes in the Atlanta community. He was involved with the Atlanta Humane Society and JF\u0026amp;CS, where the Owen Halpern Heritage Fund was established in his honor. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=1878.0,1971.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/annotation_set/1795/annotation/194","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRick Halpern (b. 1956) was born in Atlanta, he was the fourth son born to Shirley Loenthal and Bernard Halpern. He was involved in his family’s real estate business, Halpern Enterprises, Inc. In 1988, he began his own real estate investment company. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=1878.0,1971.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/annotation_set/1795/annotation/195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCarolyn Halpern Oppenheimer (b. 1959) is the youngest child of Shirley Loenthal and Bernard Halpern. She is Executive Vice President of Halpern Enterprises, where she has been employed since 1983. She has served on the boards of the Jewish Educational Loan Fund, The Weber School, The Jewish Federation of Greater Atlanta, The Trust for Public Land, and The Epstein School, where she served as President of the Board of Trustees. She has a Bachelor of Arts in Journalism from the University of Georgia. Women We Admire named her among its Top 50 Women Leaders of Georgia for 2023. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=1878.0,1971.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/annotation_set/1795/annotation/196","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGeorgia Institute of Technology, which is commonly referred to as Georgia Tech is a public research university and institute of technology in Atlanta. It was founded in 1885 during Reconstruction as part of the plan to build an industrial economy in the post-Civil War South.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=1974.0,2245.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/annotation_set/1795/annotation/197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSS France\u003c/em\u003e was a Compagnie Generale Transatlantique (CGT, or French Line) ocean liner, constructed by the Chantiers de l'Atlantique shipyard at Saint-Nazaire, France, and put into service in February 1962. At the time of her construction in 1960, the vessel was the longest passenger ship ever built, a record that remained unchallenged until the construction of the RMS \u003cem\u003eQueen Mary 2\u003c/em\u003e in 2004.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=1974.0,2245.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/annotation_set/1795/annotation/198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRMS \u003cem\u003eQueen Elizabeth\u003c/em\u003e was an ocean liner operated by Cunard Line. Along with the \u003cem\u003eQueen Mary\u003c/em\u003e, she provided a weekly luxury liner service between Southampton in the United Kingdom and New York City in the United States, via Cherbourg in France. The ship was named in honor of Queen Elizabeth, the wife of King George VI. She entered service in March 1940 as a troopship in the Second World War and did not make her first commercial voyage as an ocean liner until October 1946.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=1974.0,2245.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/annotation_set/1795/annotation/199","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTel Aviv, Israel is located on the Mediterranean coast. It is considered the economic and technological center of Israel. It is the country’s second most populous city after Jerusalem.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=1974.0,2245.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/annotation_set/1795/annotation/200","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA \u003cem\u003ekibbutz\u003c/em\u003e [Hebrew: gathering, clustering] is a collective community in Israel that was traditionally based on agriculture. The first \u003cem\u003ekibbutz\u003c/em\u003e, established in 1909, was Degania. Today, farming has been partly supplanted by other economic branches, including industrial plants and high-tech enterprises. \u003cem\u003eKibbutzim\u003c/em\u003e began as utopian communities, a combination of socialism and Zionism. In recent decades, some \u003cem\u003ekibbutzim\u003c/em\u003e have been privatized and changes have been made in the communal lifestyle. A member of a \u003cem\u003ekibbutz\u003c/em\u003e is called a \"\u003cem\u003ekibbutznik\u003c/em\u003e.\"\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=1974.0,2245.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/annotation_set/1795/annotation/201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSee annotation for \u003cem\u003ekibbutz\u003c/em\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=1974.0,2245.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/annotation_set/1795/annotation/202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eMaoz Haim\u003c/em\u003e is a \u003cem\u003ekibbutz\u003c/em\u003e in Israel. It is located adjacent to the Jordan River in the \u003cem\u003eBeit She'an\u003c/em\u003e valley and falls under the jurisdiction of Valley of Springs Regional Council. In 2022 it had a population of 505. Aside from agriculture, the \u003cem\u003ekibbutz\u003c/em\u003e also has a plastics factory. The \u003cem\u003ekibbutz\u003c/em\u003e was established in 1937 by immigrants from Poland and Germany and was named after Haim Shturman, a member of the Hagana, who was killed there in 1938. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=1974.0,2245.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/annotation_set/1795/annotation/203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Sea of Galilee, also called Lake Tiberias or Kinneret, is a freshwater lake in Israel. It is the lowest freshwater lake on Earth. The lake is fed partly by underground springs, but its main source is the Jordan River, which flows through it from north to south and exits the lake at the Degania Dam.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=1974.0,2245.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/annotation_set/1795/annotation/204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSimcha\u003c/em\u003e is a Hebrew word with several meanings, including gladness or joy. It is often used as a given name. The concept of \u003cem\u003esimcha\u003c/em\u003e is an important one in Jewish philosophy. It is frequently used to mean a festive occasion, such as a wedding, \u003cem\u003ebar mitzvah\u003c/em\u003e, or engagement.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=1974.0,2245.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/annotation_set/1795/annotation/205","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJewish Federation of Greater Atlanta is a regional branch of Jewish Federations of North America. It is an organization that focuses on serving the Atlanta Jewish community through philanthropic endeavors such as supporting infrastructure, including schools and synagogues. Federation supports the Jewish community but also welcomes people of various backgrounds, including interfaith, LGBT+, and multiracial people and families.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=1974.0,2245.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/annotation_set/1795/annotation/206","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMorningside/Lenox Park is a neighborhood in Atlanta, Georgia founded in 1923. It is located north of Virginia-Highland, east of Ansley Park and west of Druid Hills. Approximately 3,500 households comprise the neighborhood that includes the original subdivisions of Morningside, Lenox Park, University Park, Noble Park, Johnson Estates and Hylan Park. After World War II, residents of heavily Jewish Washington-Rawson and Summerhill neighborhoods south of the State Capitol relocated to northeast Atlanta including Morningside when those old Jewish neighborhoods were demolished to make way for the Downtown Connector freeway and Turner Field.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=2258.0,2389.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/annotation_set/1795/annotation/207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMorningside Elementary School is an Atlanta Public School that opened in 1929 in the Morningside neighborhood of Atlanta, Georgia. Morningside feeds into Inman Middle School and Grady High School. It serves the neighborhoods of Morningside, Lenox Park, Sherwood Forest, Piedmont Heights, and Ansley Park.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=2258.0,2389.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/annotation_set/1795/annotation/208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMargaret Mitchell is a neighborhood in the northwest part of the city of Atlanta. It is bounded by Moore's Mill Road on the south, Interstate-75 on the east, and the Paces neighborhood on the west. The neighborhood is named for \u003cem\u003eGone With the Wind\u003c/em\u003e author Margaret Mitchell. It was developed in the 1950's and was originally called Cherokee Forest.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=2258.0,2389.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/annotation_set/1795/annotation/209","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDavid Kuniansky (b. 1949) was born to Helen Silver and Max Kuniansky, he has one brother, Douglas. He graduated from the University of Michigan. In 1976, he married Lois Lenner. He served as CEO of MK Management Company, an Atlanta-based commercial real estate company. He is also a past co-chair of the Atlanta Jewish Film Festival. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=2404.0,2536.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/annotation_set/1795/annotation/210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePaul Freeman (1949-2021) was a real estate developer in Atlanta. He attended Morningside Elementary School and graduated from Grady High School in 1967. He attended the University of Georgia. He was involved with Jewish Federation of Greater Atlanta, Temple Sinai, and numerous other Jewish and non-religious charities. He and his wife Viki had three children and six grandchildren. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=2404.0,2536.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/annotation_set/1795/annotation/211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJay Tinter (1950-2022) was the founder of Atlanta Commercial Realty Inc. He graduated from Henry Grady High School in 1968, shortly after he enlisted in the Coast Guard Reserves and was stationed in New Jersey. Jay graduated from Georgia State University Magna Cum Lade and earned his CPA. Jay worked at Laventhaw and Horowitz and then started Atlanta Commercial Realty Inc. He and Sheila Codner had two daughters. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=2404.0,2536.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/annotation_set/1795/annotation/212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAleph Zadik Aleph (AZA) is an international youth-led fraternal organization for Jewish teenage boys. Its sister organization for teenage girls is B'nai B'rith Girls (BBG). B'nai B'rith Youth Organization, now BBYO, is an umbrella organization including Jewish teens in both AZA and BBG.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=2404.0,2536.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/annotation_set/1795/annotation/213","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Atlanta Jewish Community Center was officially founded in 1910, as the Jewish Educational Alliance. In the late 1940s it evolved into the Atlanta Jewish Community Center and moved to Peachtree Street. It stayed there until 1998, when the building was sold, and the center moved to the suburb of Dunwoody. In 2000, it was renamed the “Marcus Jewish Community Center of Atlanta.”\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=2404.0,2536.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/annotation_set/1795/annotation/214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA \u003cem\u003ebar mitzvah\u003c/em\u003e [Hebrew: son of commandments; plural: \u003cem\u003eb’nai mitzvah\u003c/em\u003e] is a rite of passage for Jewish boys aged 13 years and one day. At that time, a Jewish boy is considered a responsible adult for most religious purposes. He is now duty-bound to keep the commandments, he puts on \u003cem\u003etefillin\u003c/em\u003e, and may be counted to the \u003cem\u003eminyan quorum\u003c/em\u003e for public worship. He celebrates the \u003cem\u003ebar mitzvah\u003c/em\u003e by being called up to the reading of the \u003cem\u003eTorah\u003c/em\u003e in the synagogue, usually on the next available Sabbath after his Hebrew birthday.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=2555.0,2638.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/annotation_set/1795/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAhavath Achim Synagogue (often referred to as \"AA\") was founded as an Orthodox congregation in 1887 in a small room on Gilmer Street. In 1901 they moved to a permanent building at the corner of Piedmont Avenue and Gilmer Street. In 1921, the congregation constructed a synagogue at Washington Street and Woodward Avenue. It joined the Conservative movement in 1952. The final service in the Washington Street building was held in 1958 to make way for construction of the Downtown Connector (the concurrent section of Interstate 75 and Interstate 85 through Atlanta). The synagogue moved to its current location on Peachtree Battle Avenue in 1958. As of 2022, Ahavath Achim is the largest Conservative synagogue in the Atlanta area and its current Senior Rabbi is Laurence Rosenthal.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=2555.0,2638.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/annotation_set/1795/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHebrew school can be either the Jewish equivalent of Sunday school (an educational regimen separate from secular education, focusing on topics of Jewish history and learning the Hebrew language), or a primary, secondary, or college level educational institution where some or all of the classes are taught in Hebrew.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=2555.0,2638.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/annotation_set/1795/annotation/217","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMidtown High School, formerly Henry W. Grady High School, is a public high school located in Atlanta, Georgia, United States. It began as Boys High School and was one of the first two high schools established by Atlanta Public Schools in 1872. In 1947, the school was named after Henry W. Grady, a famous journalist and orator in the Reconstruction Era, but controversially, a white supremacist. In December 2020, the school's name was changed to Midtown High School.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=2644.0,2702.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/annotation_set/1795/annotation/218","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Westminster Schools, founded in 1951, is a co-educational, Christian day school for students in kindergarten through grade 12. The school is widely regarded as one of the top private schools in the Atlanta area. Its campus is located in the Buckhead neighborhood.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=2644.0,2702.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/annotation_set/1795/annotation/219","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHarvard University is a private Ivy League university located in Cambridge, Massachusetts. It was found in 1636 and was named for its first benefactor, a Puritan clergyman John Harvard. It is the oldest institution of higher learning in the United States.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=2868.0,2923.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/annotation_set/1795/annotation/220","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Vietnam War occurred in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia from November 1, 1955, to the fall of Saigon on April 30, 1975. This war fought between North Vietnam—supported by the Soviet Union, China and other communist allies—and the government of South Vietnam—supported by the United States and other anti-communist allies.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=2868.0,2923.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/annotation_set/1795/annotation/221","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHarvard Yard is the oldest and among the most prominent parts of the campus of Harvard University in Cambridge, Massachusetts. The yard has a historic center and modern crossroads and has most of the freshman dormitories, Harvard's most important libraries, Memorial Church, several classroom and departmental buildings, and the offices of senior university officials, including the President of Harvard University. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=2868.0,2923.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/annotation_set/1795/annotation/222","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBoston, Massachusetts is the capital and largest city in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. The city was founded in 1630 by Puritan settlers. During the American Revolution, the city was the location of various key events including the Boston Tea Party, the Boston Massacre, and the siege of Boston.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=2954.0,3094.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/annotation_set/1795/annotation/223","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Piedmont Driving Club is a prestigious private social club located adjacent to Piedmont Park that was founded in 1887. New members have to be vouched for by three current members. The club prohibited Jewish and Black membership for most of its history, although today there are a few Black, Jewish, and other ethnic minority members.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=3201.0,3283.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/annotation_set/1795/annotation/224","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Capital City Club is a private social club founded in Atlanta in 1883. It is among the oldest social organizations in the South. The Club presently operates three facilities, the oldest of which, the downtown Atlanta club. The Capital City Country Club, located in Brookhaven, was leased in 1913 and purchased in 1915. In the autumn of 2002 an additional club facility, the Crabapple Golf Club, was completed in the city of Milton, in the northern portion of Fulton County.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=3201.0,3283.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/annotation_set/1795/annotation/225","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Progressive Club was a Jewish social organization in Atlanta, Georgia. It was established in 1913 by Russian Jews who felt unwelcome at the Standard Club, where German Jews were predominant. At first the club was located in a rented house until a new club was built on Pryor Street including a swimming pool and a gym. In 1940 the club opened a larger facility at 1050 Techwood Drive in Midtown with three swimming pools, tennis, and softball. In 1976 the club moved north to 1160 Moore’s Mill Road near Interstate 75. The property was eventually sold to the YMCA as the club faced financial challenges. The Carl E. Sanders Family YMCA at Buckhead, which stands on the former site of the Progressive Club, opened in 1996.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=3201.0,3283.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/annotation_set/1795/annotation/226","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Standard Club is a Jewish social club that started as the “Concordia Association” in 1867 in Downtown Atlanta. In 1905, it was reorganized as the “Standard Club” and moved into the former mansion of William C. Sanders near the site of Center Parc Credit Union Stadium (formerly Turner Field). In the late 1920s the club moved to Ponce de Leon Avenue in Midtown Atlanta. Later, the club moved to what is now the Lenox Park business park and was located there until 1983. In the 1980s, the club moved to its present location in Johns Creek in Atlanta’s northern suburbs.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=3201.0,3283.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/annotation_set/1795/annotation/227","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCamp Barney Medintz is an overnight Jewish summer camp near Cleveland, Georgia, in the North Georgia mountains. It was founded in 1963 and in 1961 named in memory of Barney Medintz, a prominent Jewish leader in Atlanta, who died in 1960. It is owned by the Marcus Jewish Community Center of Atlanta.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=3364.0,3371.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/annotation_set/1795/annotation/228","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCleveland is a city in White County, Georgia, located 90 miles northeast of Atlanta. Before 1883, Cleveland was named 'New Prospect', as far back as 1806 when Cleveland was first settled. After the formation of White County in 1857, it became the county seat for the county, being incorporated in 1870, before being renamed Cleveland in 1883. The town was named after General Benjamin Cleveland, a War of 1812 figure and grandson of Colonel Benjamin Cleveland a Revolutionary War figure. After the arrival of a railroad in 1888, the population of Cleveland began to grow, and it was incorporated as a city in 1949.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=3375.0,3440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/annotation_set/1795/annotation/229","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePittsburgh is the second-most populous city in Pennsylvania behind Philadelphia with a 2020 population of over 300,000. It is in Western Pennsylvania and at the confluence of the Allegheny and Monongahela Rivers. It is called “the Steel City” for its steel industry and the “City of Bridges” for its 446 bridges.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=3509.0,3519.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/annotation_set/1795/annotation/230","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEmma Kaufmann Camp is a Jewish overnight summer camp on Cheat Lake near Morgantown, West Virginia. The camp offers various activities including outdoor sports, arts and crafts, and adventure activities. The camp is one of the earliest programs of the Jewish Community Center of Greater Pittsburgh. Its predecessor, the Irene Kaufmann Settlement was an overnight camp. In 1971, the Jewish Community Center purchased the camp and Emma Kaufmann Camp opened for the 1972 season. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=3519.0,3521.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/annotation_set/1795/annotation/231","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAspen is a home rule municipality that is the county seat and the most populous municipality of Pitkin County, Colorado. It is located in Colorado’s Rocky Mountains, it is a ski resort town and year-round destination for outdoor recreation. It's also known for high-end restaurants and boutiques, and landmarks like the Wheeler Opera House, built in 1889 during the area’s silver mining boom.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=3716.0,3734.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/annotation_set/1795/annotation/232","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe University of Georgia (UGA) is a public land grant university, which was founded in 1785 making it one of the oldest universities in the United States. Its main campus is in Athens, Georgia with two satellite campuses in Atlanta and Lawrenceville. It is the flagship school of the University System of Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=3716.0,3734.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/annotation_set/1795/annotation/233","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAthens, Georgia is located in northeast Georgia. The city was founded in 1806 and is known for its antebellum architecture. The University of Georgia, the state's flagship public university and an R1 research institution, is in Athens and contributed to its initial growth. The city also has a growing food scene, an influential indie rock music scene, and is home to the Georgia Museum of Art. Athens has 15 neighborhoods on the National Register of Historic Places.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=3737.0,3821.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/annotation_set/1795/annotation/234","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe University of Texas is a public research university located in Austin, Texas. It was founded in 1883. It is the flagship institution of the University of Texas system. In 1967, the Texas legislature changed the university’s name to “The University of Texas at Austin.”\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=3932.0,4108.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/annotation_set/1795/annotation/235","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eNew York University or NYU is a private research university in New York City, New York. It was established in 1831 by the New York State Legislature. As of 2019, it is the largest private university in the United States by enrollment.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=3932.0,4108.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/annotation_set/1795/annotation/236","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe University of Colorado is a system of public universities in Colorado. It consists of four institutions: the University of Colorado Boulder, the University of Colorado: Colorado Springs, the University of Colorado Denver, and the University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus. It is governed by the elected, nine-member board of regents.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=3932.0,4108.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/annotation_set/1795/annotation/237","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBoulder is a city at the foothills of the Rocky Mountains, in northern Colorado. The city is 25 miles northwest of the Colorado state capital of Denver. Boulder is a college town, hosting the University of Colorado Boulder, the flagship and largest campus of the University of Colorado system as well as numerous research institutes.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=3932.0,4108.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/annotation_set/1795/annotation/238","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLos Angeles, California is located southern California. It’s the state’s largest city and the second largest city in the United States. It has long been known as the center of the United States film and television industry.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=3932.0,4108.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/annotation_set/1795/annotation/239","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDenver is the capital city of Colorado and the 19th most populous city in the United States. The Denver area was originally inhabited by various Native Americans including Apaches, Utes, Cheyennes, Comanches, and Arapahoes. The city was platted in 1858 and named for Kansas Territory Governor James W. Denver. It was incorporated in 1861 and became the consolidated city and county of Denver in 1902. It is nicknamed the “Mile High City” because of its elevation exactly one mile above sea level.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=3932.0,4108.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/annotation_set/1795/annotation/240","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Epstein School (also known as the Solomon Shechter School of Atlanta) is a private Jewish day school in the Atlanta area located in Sandy Springs. In 1973, Rabbi Harry H. Epstein and the leaders of Ahavath Achim synagogue wanted to create a Conservative Jewish day school. The first campus was housed at the synagogue. In 1987 the school moved to Sandy Springs.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=3932.0,4108.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/annotation_set/1795/annotation/241","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHalpern Enterprises is a privately held commercial real estate firm, specializing in retail leasing, management, acquisitions, and development. The company was founded in 1959 by Bernard Halpern, who emigrated from Poland in 1938. Bernard became a residential real estate developer of small apartment complexes located on the west side of Atlanta. In the early 1960’s, he exchanged his residential properties for shopping centers. Bernard’s wife and children eventually joined him at the company, and upon his death in 1980, took over its management. Today, Bernard’s son, Jack Halpern, serves as chairman, and his daughter, Carolyn Halpern Oppenheimer, serves as executive vice president. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=4162.0,4221.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/annotation_set/1795/annotation/242","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIsrael Bonds/Bonds for Israel is also known as Development Corporation for Israel (DCI). DCI is the United States underwriter of debt securities issued by the State of Israel. In the 1951, the Israeli government began issuing bonds that could be purchased by investors to help the newly formed state of Israel. The American Jewish community was initially some of the biggest investors in the program because they were looking for ways to support Israel’s fledging economy. Over time the program has grown, and numerous private and institutional investors have come to participate in the program. Between 1951 and 2022 the total sale of bonds worldwide has exceeded $48 billion.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=4612.0,4629.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/annotation_set/1795/annotation/243","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGerald Hershel Cohen (1918-2009) was an Atlanta businessman who was born in Pocomoke City, Maryland. He was president of Central Metals Co., a family business in Atlanta founded by his father Morris Cohen and his uncle Joe Rodbell in 1912. He served terms as president of the Ahavath Achim Synagogue, the Jewish Federation of Greater Atlanta, and the B'nai B'rith Youth Organization Adult Committee. He was a founding member of the Harry H. Epstein School and The Doris and Alex Weber School.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=5110.0,5403.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/annotation_set/1795/annotation/244","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eNative Atlantan, philanthropist and community leader Erwin Zaban (1921-2010) was known by many as the “G-dfather of the Jewish Community.” After quitting school to help in his father’s Depression-era business at age 15, Zaban built successful businesses worth billions of dollars and donated millions to worthy causes. He worked alongside his parents to build Zep Manufacturing Company. Zep later merged with National Linen and became National Service Industries, a Fortune 500 Company. He donated and raised money for undeveloped land in Dunwoody that became Zaban Park, home of the Marcus Jewish Community Center of Atlanta. He donated money to the Jewish Home, for which the Zaban Tower is named. He helped create the homeless couples’ shelter at The Temple which bears his name.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=5110.0,5403.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/annotation_set/1795/annotation/245","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHarry Maziar (b. 1934) is a prominent Atlanta businessman. He was President of Zep Manufacturing Company, which was a leader in the specialty chemical industry, and was Chairman of the Chemical Division of National Service Industries. He was president and co-chairman of the Board of Governors at the Marcus Jewish Community Center of Atlanta, president of the Jewish Vocational Service (now Jewish Family and Career Services), a board member of the William Breman Jewish Home, Ahavath Achim Synagogue, the Jewish Community Centers of America, and chair of the Southeast Regional Council for Birthright Israel.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=5110.0,5403.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752/annotation_set/1795/annotation/246","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBernard (Bernie) Marcus (b. 1929) is an American philanthropist and retail entrepreneur. He co-founded the Home Depot and was the company's first CEO. He served as Chairman of the Board until retiring in 2002. Marcus heavily contributed to the launch of the Georgia Aquarium in downtown Atlanta in 2005. Based mostly on the $250 million donation for the Aquarium, Marcus and his wife, Billi, were listed among the top charitable donors in the country by the Chronicle of Philanthropy in 2005. Marcus also funded and founded the Marcus Institute, a center for the provision of comprehensive services for children and adolescents with developmental disabilities.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136196/file/260752#t=5110.0,5403.0"}]}]}]}