{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/hd7np1z373/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Bodner, Arthur"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["2023-10-09 (created)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Agent"]},"value":{"en":["Bodner, Arthur (Interviewee)","Cohn, Gail (Interviewer)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source"]},"value":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum","Esther and Herbert Taylor Oral History Collection","Jewish Oral History Project of Atlanta Georgia Jews"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eArthur Bodner was interviewed by Gail Cohn on October 9, 2023, in Atlanta, Georgia. \u003c/p\u003e (general)","\u003cp\u003eArthur David Bodner was born in Salisbury, North Carolina. He is the oldest of two children born to Irving Bodner and Lillian [Osipowitz] Bodner. Arthur was raised in Heflin, Alabama when his father relocated their family to manage the textile factory there. After the factory burned down, Arthur’s father began farming chickens, and his full-time occupation became owning and operating Bodner Egg Farms. Growing up in a town with a very small Jewish population, Arthur’s parents encouraged him to take part in youth groups across the state and to be involved with Temple Beth El in nearby Anniston, Alabama.  \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eArthur graduated from the University of Alabama with his bachelor’s degree and his dental degree from the University of Alabama School of Dentistry in Birmingham. After finishing school, Arthur served in the Air Force, while stationed at McGuire Air Force Base in New Jersey he was set up on a blind date with Rita Freiman. The pair remained in contact while Arthur served in Korea and married in 1969. The couple moved to Atlanta, Georgia where they raised their family and Arthur opened a dental practice. \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eArthur and Rita have three children, Cheryl, Allison, and Steven, and eight grandchildren. Arthur and his family were involved with the building of Temple Sinai and later joined Ahavath Achim Synagogue where they are active members. Arthur has served the Jewish community and general community through numerous endeavors and organizations, including serving on the board of directors of Ian’s Friends Foundation, an organization founded by his daughter and son-in-law committed to funding the support of pediatric brain tumor research. Arthur continues to be civically engaged and dedicates himself to the Atlanta Community, where he and Rita, and their children and grandchildren live.\u003c/p\u003e (bioghist)","\u003cp\u003eThe interview focuses on Arthur’s childhood, his experience growing up Jewish in the rural American South, and family life. He provides background on his family history and how his grandparents came to the United States from Russia and Austria. Arthur talks about moving from Salisbury, North Carolina to Heflin, Alabama as a young child because of his father’s work. Arthur recalls experiencing antisemitism in Salisbury and discusses going to Catholic school when he was five years old. He describes an antisemitic experience where he was verbally assaulted and chased by another child, Arthur mentions that his mother encouraged him to stand up for himself by physically fighting back. Arthur recalls adjusting after moving from Salisbury to Heflin, he talks about being the only Jewish family in Heflin and being the target of many microaggressions. \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eArthur recounts how his family began farming chickens to appease his grandmother, who was suffering from memory loss and wanted to care for chickens as she had as a child. Arthur discusses how the textile factory his father worked at burned down and his father decided to begin farming chickens full-time. Arthur shares that his father received a small business loan and began farming chickens for eggs. Arthur talks about his father’s involvement in the Heflin community, his pride in his faith, and going to Arthur’s school to educate about the Jewish Holidays. \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eArthur speaks about his Jewish educational experiences, he mentions going to a synagogue in nearby Anniston, Alabama and going to Sunday school there. Arthur speaks about visiting his Orthodox cousin in Brooklyn, New York and preparing for his bar mitzvah. Arthur recalls his bar mitzvah, his family traveling to attend, and some of the Christians in the local community attending. \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eArthur discusses segregation and his family’s attitude towards civil rights. He mentions that his father stood up for the African American community and had an interaction with the Ku Klux Klan as a result. Arthur shares that the community really respected his father and his beliefs. Arthur shares more about his experiences participating in Jewish youth groups with young Jewish people from across Alabama, and attending Jewish summer camps in Georgia and Tennessee. He mentions participating in Aleph Zadik Aleph and making friends through the program. \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eArthur talks about attending college at the University of Alabama and joining a Jewish fraternity. He shares about attending dental school in Birmingham and experiencing antisemitism there but ultimately becoming close with some of his classmates. Arthur then shares his experience in the Air Force and meeting his future wife, Rita, in New Jersey. Arthur recounts how their relationship continued while he was stationed in Korea by writing letters to one another and meeting in Hawai'i. Arthur details him and Rita getting engaged and going back to Heflin to introduce her to his family. Arthur expresses that Rita struggled with being in such a small town, having grown up in New York. He mentions moving to Atlanta before going on to discuss his family.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eArthur talks about his children and their education, he mentions that his daughters went to Hebrew day school. He shares his daughters and his son’s high school and university experiences. Arthur discusses his family’s synagogue affiliation, having first been members of Temple Sinai before becoming members of Ahavath Achim Synagogue, particularly because it was closer to their home and friends were part of the congregation. He expresses that Ahavath Achim provided his children with a great Jewish background. Arthur talks about his grandchildren and their accomplishments. He mentions how his son met his wife, they were best friends as children and eventually began dating and married. \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eThe interview concludes with Arthur being asked about his legacy and the values he has instilled in his children. Arthur expresses that he hopes he has given them good values, and good morals, raised them to care about other people, to be outspoken about their Jewish faith, and to be proud of who they are. Arthur expresses that ultimately he cannot speak for his children and that they would have to give their own answer to that question. Arthur is asked what he is most proud of and he talks about his family. Arthur expresses he is proud of the life he and Rita have built for themselves in Atlanta. He expresses that he is very fortunate to have had parents who supported him and to have friends and family. \u003c/p\u003e (scope content)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source Metadata URI"]},"value":{"en":["https://archivesspace.thebreman.org/repositories/2/archival_objects/29242"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum. \u003c/p\u003e"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject"]},"value":{"en":["Bloom, Irving (1931-2020) (personal name)","Bodner, Abraham (approx. 1870-1958) (personal name)","Bodner, Arthur (b. 1942) (personal name)","Bodner, Irving (1916-1998) (personal name)","Bodner, Jennifer Babbit (personal name)","Bodner, Lillian [Osipowitz] (1915-2013) (personal name)","Bodner, Rita [Freiman] (b. 1945) (personal name)","Bodner, Steven (personal name)","Cohn, Gail (b. 1943) (personal name)","Smith, Allison [Bodner] (personal name)","Sparkman, John Jackson (1899-1985) (personal name)","Yagoda, Cheryl [Bodner] (b. 1970) (personal name)","Ahavath Achim Synagogue (AA) (corporate name)","Aleph Zadik Aleph (AZA) (corporate name)","Auburn University (corporate name)","B’nai B’rith Youth Organization (BBYO) (corporate name)","Camp Barney Medintz (corporate name)","Camp Rutledge (corporate name)","Southeast Federation of Temple Youth (SEFTY) (corporate name)","Temple Beth El (corporate name)","Temple Sinai (corporate name)","University of Alabama (corporate name)","The William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum (corporate name)","Anniston, Alabama (geographic term)","Atlanta, Georgia (geographic term)","Birmingham, Alabama (geographic term)","Brooklyn, New York (geographic term)","Cincinnati, Ohio (geographic term)","Heflin, Alabama (geographic term)","Honolulu, Hawai'i (geographic term)","Lower East Side, New York (geographic term)","McGuire Air Force Base (geographic term)","Odesa, Russia (geographic term)","Salisbury, North Carolina (geographic term)","The American Civil Rights Movement (topical term)","Korean War (named event)","World War II (named event)","bar mitzvah (chronological term)","bat mitzvah (chronological term)","Farming (other)","Hebrew school (other)","The Ku Klux Klan (other)","Orthodox Judaism (other)","Torah (other)","United States Air Force (other)","Yeshiva (other)"]}}],"summary":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eArthur Bodner was interviewed by Gail Cohn on October 9, 2023, in Atlanta, Georgia.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArthur David Bodner was born in Salisbury, North Carolina. He is the oldest of two children born to Irving Bodner and Lillian [Osipowitz] Bodner. Arthur was raised in Heflin, Alabama when his father relocated their family to manage the textile factory there. After the factory burned down, Arthur\u0026rsquo;s father began farming chickens, and his full-time occupation became owning and operating Bodner Egg Farms. Growing up in a town with a very small Jewish population, Arthur\u0026rsquo;s parents encouraged him to take part in youth groups across the state and to be involved with Temple Beth El in nearby Anniston, Alabama. \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eArthur graduated from the University of Alabama with his bachelor\u0026rsquo;s degree and his dental degree from the University of Alabama School of Dentistry in Birmingham. After finishing school, Arthur served in the Air Force, while stationed at McGuire Air Force Base in New Jersey he was set up on a blind date with Rita Freiman. The pair remained in contact while Arthur served in Korea and married in 1969. The couple moved to Atlanta, Georgia where they raised their family and Arthur opened a dental practice.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eArthur and Rita have three children, Cheryl, Allison, and Steven, and eight grandchildren. Arthur and his family were involved with the building of Temple Sinai and later joined Ahavath Achim Synagogue where they are active members. Arthur has served the Jewish community and general community through numerous endeavors and organizations, including serving on the board of directors of Ian\u0026rsquo;s Friends Foundation, an organization founded by his daughter and son-in-law committed to funding the support of pediatric brain tumor research. Arthur continues to be civically engaged and dedicates himself to the Atlanta Community, where he and Rita, and their children and grandchildren live.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe interview focuses on Arthur\u0026rsquo;s childhood, his experience growing up Jewish in the rural American South, and family life. He provides background on his family history and how his grandparents came to the United States from Russia and Austria. Arthur talks about moving from Salisbury, North Carolina to Heflin, Alabama as a young child because of his father\u0026rsquo;s work. Arthur recalls experiencing antisemitism in Salisbury and discusses going to Catholic school when he was five years old. He describes an antisemitic experience where he was verbally assaulted and chased by another child, Arthur mentions that his mother encouraged him to stand up for himself by physically fighting back. Arthur recalls adjusting after moving from Salisbury to Heflin, he talks about being the only Jewish family in Heflin and being the target of many microaggressions.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eArthur recounts how his family began farming chickens to appease his grandmother, who was suffering from memory loss and wanted to care for chickens as she had as a child. Arthur discusses how the textile factory his father worked at burned down and his father decided to begin farming chickens full-time. Arthur shares that his father received a small business loan and began farming chickens for eggs. Arthur talks about his father\u0026rsquo;s involvement in the Heflin community, his pride in his faith, and going to Arthur\u0026rsquo;s school to educate about the Jewish Holidays.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eArthur speaks about his Jewish educational experiences, he mentions going to a synagogue in nearby Anniston, Alabama and going to Sunday school there. Arthur speaks about visiting his Orthodox cousin in Brooklyn, New York and preparing for his bar mitzvah. Arthur recalls his bar mitzvah, his family traveling to attend, and some of the Christians in the local community attending.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eArthur discusses segregation and his family\u0026rsquo;s attitude towards civil rights. He mentions that his father stood up for the African American community and had an interaction with the Ku Klux Klan as a result. Arthur shares that the community really respected his father and his beliefs. Arthur shares more about his experiences participating in Jewish youth groups with young Jewish people from across Alabama, and attending Jewish summer camps in Georgia and Tennessee. He mentions participating in Aleph Zadik Aleph and making friends through the program.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eArthur talks about attending college at the University of Alabama and joining a Jewish fraternity. He shares about attending dental school in Birmingham and experiencing antisemitism there but ultimately becoming close with some of his classmates. Arthur then shares his experience in the Air Force and meeting his future wife, Rita, in New Jersey. Arthur recounts how their relationship continued while he was stationed in Korea by writing letters to one another and meeting in Hawai'i. Arthur details him and Rita getting engaged and going back to Heflin to introduce her to his family. Arthur expresses that Rita struggled with being in such a small town, having grown up in New York. He mentions moving to Atlanta before going on to discuss his family.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eArthur talks about his children and their education, he mentions that his daughters went to Hebrew day school. He shares his daughters and his son\u0026rsquo;s high school and university experiences. Arthur discusses his family\u0026rsquo;s synagogue affiliation, having first been members of Temple Sinai before becoming members of Ahavath Achim Synagogue, particularly because it was closer to their home and friends were part of the congregation. He expresses that Ahavath Achim provided his children with a great Jewish background. Arthur talks about his grandchildren and their accomplishments. He mentions how his son met his wife, they were best friends as children and eventually began dating and married.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eThe interview concludes with Arthur being asked about his legacy and the values he has instilled in his children. Arthur expresses that he hopes he has given them good values, and good morals, raised them to care about other people, to be outspoken about their Jewish faith, and to be proud of who they are. Arthur expresses that ultimately he cannot speak for his children and that they would have to give their own answer to that question. Arthur is asked what he is most proud of and he talks about his family. Arthur expresses he is proud of the life he and Rita have built for themselves in Atlanta. He expresses that he is very fortunate to have had parents who supported him and to have friends and family.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"]},"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/216/993/small/00000.mp4_1700614370.jpg?1700614378","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - 00000.mp4"]},"duration":2479.93,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/216/993/small/00000.mp4_1700614370.jpg?1700614378","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-thebreman.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/216/993/original/00000.mp4?1700614366","type":"Video","format":"video/mp4","duration":2479.93,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/transcript/61875","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Arthur Bodner [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/transcript/61875/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"COHN: My name is Gail Cohn. Today's date is October 9, 2023, and I would like to thank Dr. Arthur Bodner for participating in the Esther and Herbert Oral History, a project of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum. Welcome, Arthur. \nBODNER: Thank you, Gail. \nCOHN: Would you begin for the record of spelling your name so it's correct. \nBODNER: First name Arthur, A-R-T-H-U-R. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/transcript/61875/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Middle name David, D-A-V-I-D. Last name Bodner, B-O-D-N-E-R.\nCOHN: Would you mind telling us the date and the place that you were born? \nBODNER: January 31, 1942, at Salisbury, North Carolina. \nCOHN: What were the names of your parents and grandparents on both sides? And if you would, tell us a little bit about what ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/transcript/61875/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"brought you south?\nBODNER: My father . . . I only knew one grandparent. Other grandparents passed away before I was born. My father was Irving, had no middle name, but Irving Bodner. My mother was Lillian, Osipowitz was her maiden name, which was from Odesa, Russia. Her parents were from Odesa, Russia. My father's parents were from Austria. My father . . . \nCOHN: Did you know the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=60.0,90.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/transcript/61875/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"names of the other grandparents that were deceased before you were born?\nBODNER: One would be Bodner, one would be Osipowitz. My father's parents were Bodner, and his father's name was Abraham, who I was named after. He was Abraham Bodner. I do not know what . . . his mother passed away when he was an infant, do not know her name. My mother did not know her ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=90.0,120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/transcript/61875/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"parents, don't even know what their first names were to be honest with you. They came from Russia. My father's parents came in the early 1900's. My father was the youngest of nine, so half of his brothers and sisters were born in Austria, the other half were born on the Lower East Side of New York.\nCOHN: How did your parents get to the South? \nBODNER: Good question. There's a lot of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=120.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/transcript/61875/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"questions that I look back and say, I wish I would have asked my parents when they were alive. There are a lot of things that I have questions about, and I always will because . . . I'll never know the answer because they're all passed away. But my father, who went to the Yeshiva in high school in New York, Brooklyn, and came from a very religious family. As the youngest ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=150.0,180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/transcript/61875/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":". . . and his mother passed away when he was young, his father remarried to somebody who they did not get along with, it sounds like. He was literally raised by his brothers and sisters. He graduated high school, did not go to college. Neither did my mother. He started working. My uncle, which was his oldest brother, was in the textile business in New York, worked for somebody else. They ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=180.0,210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/transcript/61875/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were looking to somebody, they were looking to expand to the South, which was in the 1930's. A lot of people, a lot of factories were moving south at that time for cheap labor and people need employment. They picked my father to come down south and run the textile factory. I think he was probably 19 years old, 19 or 20 years old . . . For whatever the reason, I don't ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=210.0,240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/transcript/61875/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"know the reason they picked Salisbury, North Carolina, to open the textile factory. My father moved there probably in 1939.\nCOHN: You had your family of origin, you have a brother, and you ended up with your parents and your brother in Heflin, Alabama. Tell me about your family of origin and how it was you came to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=240.0,270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/transcript/61875/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"live from New York to Salisbury to Heflin, Alabama.\nBODNER: That was a question I would have liked to ask my father. Which I did not ask, but the textile factory was opened, as I say, in Salisbury. I was born in Salisbury in 1942. My brother was born there in 1946. It had a small Jewish ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=270.0,300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/transcript/61875/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"population. It wasn't big, wasn't too small. I'm looking back as a kid and remembering a lot of antisemitism in Salisbury. This was during the war. This was . . . there were a lot of people that weren't too happy. They were probably on the Nazis' side, more so than the Jewish side as far as the war.\nCOHN: Do you know how that manifest itself when you say there was a lot of antisemitism? \nBODNER: I remember . . . I was young. My ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=300.0,330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/transcript/61875/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"parents sent me to Catholic school when I was five years old because I was too young to get into the first grade. They wouldn't accept me, and they thought I was a child prodigy, of course. They wanted me to go enter the first grade, the Catholic school took me in as a five year old. My first experience was going to Catholic school where I learned all the [memoirist likely meant Catholic] prayers. I had a little cross that lit up at night, and I remember my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=330.0,360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/transcript/61875/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Orthodox uncle coming to visit us and asked, \"What song did you learn in school?\" I started singing Jesus Loves Me, he was really impressed with that. I don't have a lot of recollection. I remember I was six or seven years old and a kid chasing me home, calling me a \"dirty Jew\" and coming into the front of my house and wanting . . . My mother stood at the front and said, \"You ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=360.0,390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/transcript/61875/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"better stand up for yourself.\" She literally told me, \"You have to start fist fighting.\" I was seven years old, and my mother was sitting there, cheering me on, saying, \"You better stand up for yourself.\" I remember fighting the kid. I don't know how it ended up, but he ended up going away. That's my pretty earliest recollections in Salisbury. For whatever the reason, and I don't know the answer, they closed the factory in Salisbury and decided to move to Alabama.   ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=390.0,420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/transcript/61875/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nCOHN: How old were you then? \nBODNER: Seven years old. The reason they picked Heflin, is because it was a small town and people needed employment. It was on the railroad, they were willing to put up a lot of money to bring factories in, and for people to have work. Somehow, they picked Heflin, Alabama to open the textile factory, which was really at that time the major industry for that town. My father . . . They shut the one down in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=420.0,450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/transcript/61875/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Salisbury and opened one up in Heflin. My father went there, I guess, to open it up. I was six years old, and I end up moving when I was seven years old.\nCOHN: When you were there, there was a textile business, but I remember something about chickens. \nBODNER: That's later on, much later on. \nCOHN: Tell us a little bit about that. \nBODNER: First, I got there at seven years old, which ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=450.0,480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/transcript/61875/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was a big adjustment. We were the Jewish family, we moved to Heflin, there were no other Jews. We were the only family there. The experience of little kids running up to you, and I did not experience any hatred or anything of that nature, but they would run up and say they'd never met a Jew. \"We thought you had . . .\" You've heard these stories before, \"We thought you had a tail and we thought you had horns.\" They were shocked that I didn't. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=480.0,510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/transcript/61875/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I do recollect, but never experienced any hostility. My father worked in a textile factory. I honestly forget the exact date, but the plant existed at least four years . . . I guess I must have been 11 years old, and the plant burnt to the ground, had a fire and the whole plant was totally destroyed. The person who owned the factory in New York did ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=510.0,540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/transcript/61875/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not have insurance, so they did not reopen the plant. My father, going back previous to this, the one grandparent that I knew, which was my mother's mother, she came to live with us the last six months of her life. This was the one from Odesa, Russia, and she was senile, and she kept saying, \"Where are the chickens? I want ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=540.0,570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/transcript/61875/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to go feed the chickens.\" We lived on a five acre piece of property outside of Heflin in our little plantation, and there was an old barn in the back. My father, to make my grandmother happy, went and bought 25 chickens and just let them roam around in the backyard. My grandmother would go out and feed the chickens and it was like she was back at home as a kid. That's what started ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=570.0,600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/transcript/61875/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the whole chicken thing. She passed away and my father said, \"This might be a nice way to maybe earn a little bit of extra money.\" In the barn, they got more, maybe 100 chickens, or a couple hundred chickens, just to get the eggs and everything. This went on not that long before the plant burned to the ground, and my father at that point said . . . He ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=600.0,630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/transcript/61875/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"didn't want . . . He loved the outdoors, he wanted to be independent, be his own boss. He decided to go into the [agriculture] business full time. He literally started from nothing, with no knowledge of what he was doing. He was the first person in the United States to go get a small business loan. Still remember this, Senator [John Jackson] Sparkman from Alabama got him a $25,000 loan to start a business. My father went to Auburn ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=630.0,660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/transcript/61875/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"University. My father knew all these people that worked with the farming industry in Heflin, and they got him into Auburn. They were the first people to raise chickens automatically, using automation. They built cages, which I know is not too thought of nowadays, not very highly, but they built cages, put them above ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=660.0,690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/transcript/61875/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the ground. Each cage had an individual chicken. They had water running, automatic water going between the two cages. The eggs would be . . . they would roll down. They were the first person to experiment and do this type of innovation as far as raising chickens for eggs. He literally started the business from scratch, and he ended up building two long chicken farms in the back of our house and started the business of raising . . . He ended up, on ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=690.0,720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/transcript/61875/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the egg carton . . . He did it all. They laid the egg, he candled the egg, they boxed the egg, they sold the extra to grocery stores. On the box, it had Bodner and Sons. That was the name of the chicken farm, Bodner and Sons, because my two brothers. The first and probably only egg to ever to be rated AA. It had an AA rating on every box because nobody else got an AA rating.     ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=720.0,750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/transcript/61875/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nCOHN: Here you are, the only Jewish family in Heflin, Alabama. You are now out of the textile business, and you are chicken farmers. What was it like to be Jewish in Heflin, Alabama? What about school, and socially, and a Jewish education? How did that look and what was the population of Heflin? \nBODNER: I think it was 4,000. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=750.0,780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/transcript/61875/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The buildings that I went to visit in Brooklyn for my aunts and uncles were bigger. The buildings had more people than I had in my whole town. What was it like? This was in the 1950's, small town living. It was great. It was the innocent years. All the horrible things that are going on around us with the blacks, I never experienced antisemitism. I had a lot of friends that got along great. My father ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=780.0,810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/transcript/61875/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was very involved in the community . . . My father was loved in the community. He was a president of every organization. He did things, I remember . . . I guess it was still when he had the textile factory, but they would have minstrel shows back in those days and my father was always one of the leads in the minstrel show. They had a softball team; he was a pitcher on the softball team. They had an interleague softball team. He ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=810.0,840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/transcript/61875/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was very involved in the community and very well loved. Looking back, I see that I missed out on a lot because, in small towns, everything revolved around your church. The two main churches, you had a Baptist church, you had a Methodist church, and then you had some of the other outlying. I wasn't involved with that, so I was sort of left out of a lot just because of being ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=840.0,870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/transcript/61875/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish. As far as our identity, my father was very proud and very outspoken as far as his identity and they respected him for that. He was very proud of being Jewish. He, literally every holiday, would go into the schools, to the higher classes and lecture. He would give a talk on the Jewish holidays. He said the only way to fight ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=870.0,900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/transcript/61875/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"prejudice is to educate.\nCOHN: As far as your Jewish education, did you have a Jewish education? Did you go to a Jewish Camp? \nBODNER: I went to synagogue. We had a synagogue, I went to synagogue in Anniston, Alabama, which was 18 miles away. Yes, we went to Sunday school, every Sunday we had Sunday school. We did have services on Friday night. We had a traveling ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=900.0,930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/transcript/61875/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"rabbi who would come in . . . No, he came in from . . . We had a student rabbi come in from the reform school in Cincinnati [Ohio], I guess it was. We had a rabbi, Rabbi Bloom, Irving Bloom, who ended up . . . who bar mitzvahed me, but he ended up becoming the rabbi and [indistinct: 15:51] ended up becoming here in Atlanta. Yes, my father, as I say, went to the yeshiva. My father ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=930.0,960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/transcript/61875/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"wrote and spoke fluent Hebrew, so my father would teach, literally teach the Sunday school class as far as writing and reading Hebrew. I could do that for . . . My first cousin who was Orthodox, living in Brooklyn, was a cantor also. He also worked, but he also was a part time cantor. My parents ship me to New York for a month. Took ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=960.0,990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/transcript/61875/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Southern Railroad by myself when I was 12 years old, went to New York, stayed with them for a month, along with other aunts and uncles, and he trained me for a month. I worked with him . . . In those days, they made a recording of your all your bar mitzvah lessons, your whole . . . the Torah, the haftarah. Everything was recorded for my bar mitzvah when I was 13 that everybody, every one of my aunts and uncles came to Heflin. They all ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=990.0,1020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/transcript/61875/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"came.\nCOHN: Was it in Heflin or was it in Anniston? \nBODNER: It was in Anniston. The Orthodox stayed in the whole hotel in Anniston, you could walk to synagogue. Half of them stay with us, most of them stayed with us, really . . . They had to go to the synagogue for the bar mitzvah. I literally sang the entire service. I was really quite knowledgeable of the whole thing. They told me I should become a cantor at the time. \nCOHN: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=1020.0,1050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/transcript/61875/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Did the Christian community from Anniston come to your bar mitzvah?\nBODNER: Some did, not many, but some did . . . It was on a Friday night. I don't remember when it was maybe it was [indistinct: 17:43: possibly: after dark Saturday] or Sunday morning. I honestly don't remember. Yes, I had a . . . I studied quite a bit as a 11, 12 year old. I was quite knowledgeable. \nCOHN: Were you impacted by the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=1050.0,1080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/transcript/61875/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"segregation of that era?\nBODNER: Absolutely. My parents being from New York, being Jewish and experiencing antisemitism, I was never raised to hate. I was never raised to look down on anybody. I was never raised to look down on the blacks. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=1080.0,1110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/transcript/61875/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't know how many people really knew that, but there were some blacks who would come to my house to play basketball, which was . . . other people would not do that. You'd play socially with one another black kid.\nCOHN: Any fallout? \nBODNER: My father had some fallout because he stood up for the blacks in the community. He hired blacks to work for him. He was very outspoken. I remember some people, Ku Klux Klan coming to our house. My father walks out with a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=1110.0,1140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/transcript/61875/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"gun and just talked them down, said . . . I don't know the whole circumstances, but I remember nothing ever happening from it. But yes, he was as very outspoken as he could be without getting shot. He was ahead of his time as far as the prejudice. But as I say, the townspeople respected him. They respected him for standing up for what he believed. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=1140.0,1170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/transcript/61875/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They respected him for being proud of his religion. He was a very respected person within his community.\nCOHN: And how did you get to Atlanta? \nBODNER: You're skipping over a lot of years there. \nCOHN: Take me back there, take me back before. \nBODNER: There were . . . As far as growing up Jewish, my parents were concerned that I was not around many Jewish ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=1170.0,1200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/transcript/61875/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"people. That was always in the back of their minds. You need to be socializing with other Jews because in Anniston Synagogue, I think there was three other kids my age that were in the synagogue. One lived in Tallapoosa, Georgia, and he belonged to our synagogue in Anniston. He would travel with the Strasburgs [sp] who owned the Chevrolet place there.\nCOHN: How did it happen that you were introduced to more Jewish people? ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=1200.0,1230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/transcript/61875/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BODNER: First of all, and I'm sure you know this, they had SEFTY, the Southeastern Jewish Federation of Temple Youth. I belonged to that in Alabama, which we had five, we had Gadsden, Jasper, Huntsville, and the tri-cities, I think, Florence. We would go for conclaves, for weekend conclaves and be with these people. That was probably my first introduction. I went to a camp, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=1230.0,1260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/transcript/61875/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a couple of camps, not many. I went to a camp in . . . I did go to camp. It was [Camp] Barney [Medintz], but it was . . . it's Camp Rutledge. This was going back into the mid-fifties, to camp, I went there for . . . My parents couldn't afford a whole lot because they were chicken farmers. They could only afford so much. I went to Camp Rutledge one summer. There was a Camp Judaea [sp] or some kind of camp in Birmingham [Alabama] I went ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=1260.0,1290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/transcript/61875/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to one summer. I got a little bit older, in high school, I went to a camp called Bel Air [sp], which was in Tennessee. I did go to some things, but SEFTY was the main thing. The big thing that my parents did is they stuck me when I was 15 years old or 14 years old, they put me on a Greyhound bus and shipped me to Birmingham to belong to AZA [Aleph Zadik Aleph]. They said, \"You're going to go hang out with these ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=1290.0,1320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/transcript/61875/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"kids in Birmingham. You're going to be involved with what . . .\" They put me on a bus, and I would go there, and I would . . . A guy named Sidney Green [sp] who lives here in Atlanta, who went to Georgia Tech. I used to stay with Sidney Green, who lived in . . . Homewood, Mountain Brook. I did that for all the way through high school. I would go, when I could drive, I would drive there on my own and I would ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=1320.0,1350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/transcript/61875/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"go to the BBYO [B’nai B’rith Youth Organization] and AZA dances. I went to AZA conventions out of town. They made me, pushed me to be involved with other Jewish kids. I was involved . . .\nCOHN: Did they do the same with your brother? \nBODNER: I don't know, I don't remember what they do with my brother. My brother's four years younger. No, he did not. He did . . . I don't ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=1350.0,1380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/transcript/61875/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"know, but for some reason he did not do the exact same things that I did.\nCOHN: Then you went to Alabama? \nBODNER: Went to the University of Alabama for old time. [I] Went to Alabama . . . We really didn't even think about going out of state. First of all, most of the people in my graduating class probably ended up in jail. I think ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=1380.0,1410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/transcript/61875/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we graduated with 75, 80 people, and not that many kids went to college. We're talking about a small, probably fairly backwards school in a small town.\nCOHN: Why would they end up in jail? \nBODNER: Because they didn't have anything else better to do . . . Very small, we had one guy in our class go to Georgia Tech. Obviously, he was smarter than I am. We had one guy go to Auburn. Me, I went to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=1410.0,1440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/transcript/61875/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Alabama. I think some of the girls went to Jacksonville State or some of the smaller schools, but most of them did not go to college. Obviously, my parents said I had no choice, I'm going to college. I ended up going. I had a friend of mine who's from Jasper, met through SEFTY, May, Gerson May. The May family. Gerson and I became very good friends, and we end up going together, and becoming roommates, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=1440.0,1470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/transcript/61875/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and joining a fraternity right off the bat. They made us move into the fraternity house within a month of when we were there. Going to Alabama . . . When I went to Alabama, there were three Jewish fraternities and three Jewish sororities. There was a pretty active Jewish community. You only belong to a Jewish fraternity in those days, that was it, you didn't have other options.\nCOHN: Right. Then, I know that you also went to dental ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=1470.0,1500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/transcript/61875/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"school. I want to bring you into the part where we can talk a little bit about your current family, your marriage to Rita, and your military service.\nBODNER: I went to dental school in Birmingham, the only Jew in my class, believe it or not. We had a class of 52 and I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=1500.0,1530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/transcript/61875/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"experienced to begin with, probably more antisemitism there than I experienced previously in college. Now, maybe in college, you're around all your own people. But being the only Jew in my class . . . and this was during all the race riots that were going on in Birmingham. This was 1963. This was when Bull Connor was in the streets with his hoses.\nCOHN: Selma [Alabama]. \n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=1530.0,1560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/transcript/61875/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BODNER: . . . You could hear people saying, \"Oh, that Jew over there . . .\" You could just hear those whispers going on about me as a Jew.\nCOHN: Did you ignore it, or did you react to it? \nBODNER: I ignored it. We just kept going. I still remember, [John F.] Kennedy was shot, I think, right after I started ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=1560.0,1590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/transcript/61875/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"school. My professor, the majority of our professors were from Tufts University. Alabama was founded by the dean of Tufts. I would say over half our professors were from Boston [Massachusetts], or from Massachusetts. I still remember walking into the histology class, and this professor who was from Massachusetts, I had my little transistor radio going listening to what was going on with the assassination. He yelled at me to put that away when I didn't, \"We're here to teach a class.\" They could care less, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=1590.0,1620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/transcript/61875/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they just . . . and a lot of them in those days, it didn't really bother them, which that upset me. That really bothered me a lot. As far as my dental class, it ended up we all became best friends. There again, it's like you have to know somebody. You don't know them . . .\nCOHN: It's about humanizing. \nBODNER: By the end of my freshman year, we were all like brothers, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=1620.0,1650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/transcript/61875/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"really. I ended up being in most of their weddings, some of them were in my wedding. We ended up becoming very close, so the Jewish thing they sort of accepted even though I was a Jew . . . Anyway, in those days, in the 1960's, medical dental students, they had a draft going on in those days. Most people end up joining the military their freshman year in school so that they didn't have to get drafted. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=1650.0,1680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/transcript/61875/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They graduate, start a practice, then get drafted. They went ahead, they wanted to get it over with as soon as they got out of school. Most of us end up signing up in those days. I ended up joining the Air Force, and I went through four years of school and then I ended up going into the Air Force. I end up getting shipped . . . We were obligated to do two years, military. I did my start off at ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=1680.0,1710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/transcript/61875/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"McGuire Air Force Base, and that's where I met my lovely wife. We got set up with a blind date and I started dating her while I was stationed in New Jersey.\nCOHN: For the record, can you tell us your lovely wife's name? \nBODNER: My lovely wife is Rita. Rita Freiman was her maiden name. \nCOHN: How do you spell that? \nBODNER: F-R-E-I-M-A-N. \nCOHN: Where was she from? \nBODNER: She is from New York, as are my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=1710.0,1740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/transcript/61875/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"parents, who were very thrilled that I found a New York girl. We didn't date that long, I started dating . . . We only dated for a month. I would go visit her and I would stay with my cousins, my religious, my Orthodox cousins down in Bensonhurst. I would go spend the night, the weekend with them. I'd drive in, spend the night with them, which was an experience in itself, but they were great. We dated for a little over a month and then I got shipped to Korea, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=1740.0,1770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/transcript/61875/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I spent the next 13 months in lovely Korea. Rita and I continued corresponding back and forth, [indistinct: 29:39: possibly: hit it off, it's all timing], that first month we just hit it off. Everything was just . . . We didn't want to leave each other after a month. Going to Korea, corresponding back and forth for four or five . . . but then we decided to just meet up in Hawaii after six months. Without ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=1770.0,1800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/transcript/61875/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"her mother's blessing, she ended up flying and meeting me in Honolulu [Hawai'i]. Separate bedrooms, as she will tell you, separate.\nCOHN: I'm so glad you said that for posterity, Arthur. \nBODNER: We got engaged! After six months, we got engaged. She went back to New York, and I went back to Korea, and she went back to plan a wedding. I ended up flying ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=1800.0,1830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/transcript/61875/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"back to New York after three more months so she could come meet my family, which was an experience in itself.\nCOHN: You get this girl from New York, and you bring her to Heflin, Alabama. \nBODNER: As I say, I flew back to go to New York to get her to fly down to meet my parents. This was before we were married. We fly into Atlanta; my parents pick us up in Atlanta airport and go through directly from the Atlanta airport to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=1830.0,1860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/transcript/61875/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Heflin. She doesn't even see Atlanta. She cried for three days, she said she was afraid that's where I wanted to end up moving to. It was an experience because [indistinct: 31:14: possibly: as serious as she is], it's a little small . . . She's never experienced that. The only place she's ever been to was camp in Maine and maybe Miami [Florida]. She goes to downtown Heflin and people are spitting tobacco on the streets. Go to the gas station and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=1860.0,1890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/transcript/61875/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"she meets who was also my teacher in elementary school, and she says, \"The Bodners, what a fine Jewish family that you got there.\" That was what her experience was, her first introduction to Alabama. Then her first introduction to Atlanta . . . During that time, I did take her over to my friends, I said \"I have a lot of friends here in Atlanta.\" Because everybody at that time that I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=1890.0,1920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/transcript/61875/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"graduated school, a lot of those a lot of those people were moving to Atlanta. Atlanta was a place to come in those days. It was a progressive city, it was a modern city, it was growing. All the young kids were literally moving to Atlanta, which is where I decided I was going to move when I got out of dental school. Her first introduction to Atlanta was I took her Aunt Fanny’s Cabin for dinner. She was in shock from that.\nCOHN: I would like for you to tell us a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=1920.0,1950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/transcript/61875/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"little bit more about your family. Tell us about your children and your grandchildren for posterity. You and Rita have raised a wonderful, wonderful family. Tell us a little bit about your family.\nBODNER: I thank you for saying that. I agree, I have three wonderful children. I have two daughters and a son, each one are four years ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=1950.0,1980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/transcript/61875/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"apart. Cheryl, my oldest daughter, we sent Cheryl and Allison, my second daughter, we sent [them] to Hebrew day school. They both went to the Epstein School to start with, they started out really at the Jewish Community Center. They went all the way through the eighth grade at Hebrew Day school, they had a good Jewish background . . . One went to Riverwood [International Charter School], Cheryl graduated from Riverwood then ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=1980.0,2010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/transcript/61875/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"went to Syracuse University. Allison went to Riverwood one year, didn't like it, she ended up at the yeshiva. She graduated from the yeshiva where she gave everybody hell, but she was there at the yeshiva for graduation. Which was really a wonderful experience because she would hang out in the area . . . For the weekends, they would go to synagogue, they would go back to people's homes . . . It's like just a commune type of living. Everybody would just hang out with each other on the weekends. It ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=2010.0,2040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/transcript/61875/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was a great experience with her. Steven, when he went to the A.A. [Ahavath Achim] Synagogue to Sunday school all the way through, he had to go to speech school. Then from there, he ended up graduating [from] Riverwood, went to Arizona. Then ended up graduating at Georgia, he went to University of Georgia, Allison graduated from University of Georgia. I have two kids from Georgia, one from Syracuse. Nobody went to Alabama.   ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=2040.0,2070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/transcript/61875/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nCOHN: Your affiliation with your family, I heard you mention, has been with the A.A. Synagogue here in Atlanta. \nBODNER: Rita and I are members of the A.A. Synagogue, we have been . . . To be honest with you, when we first moved here, we were members of [Temple] Sinai before it was built. In fact, I helped build that synagogue before it was built. We belonged to Sinai when we first moved, then our first home, which was down off of Margaret Mitchell, right near, down the street from the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=2070.0,2100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/transcript/61875/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A.A. and we had a lot of friends from the A.A. Our next door neighbors were with the A.A. and I had other friends who belonged to the A.A. We ended up joining the A.A. after about four or five years, and that's where my kids were brought up. All my kids were brought up in the A.A. They all had their bar and bat mitzvahs in the A.A. Cheryl, my oldest daughter, this was after Rabbi [Arnold] Goodman came to the A.A., she was only the second person in the A.A. in history to read for the Torah because ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=2100.0,2130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/transcript/61875/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rabbi [Harry H.] Epstein didn't believe in that back in the old days. They had a wonderful Jewish background from the A.A. Steven . . . They all went off to college. Fortunately, they all three married Jewish spouses, which is unusual in this day and time. Not too many people can say that for all three kids. Cheryl went to Syracuse, she ended up moving to New York City, working ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=2130.0,2160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/transcript/61875/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on Wall Street for four years, she met her husband, who's from New York. Told him she's not raising her kids there, she wanted to come back here. He agreed, so she ended up bringing her husband down to Atlanta.\nCOHN: Her three children's names are? \nBODNER: Her three kids' names? Now, you're asking me a lot of questions. She's got three beautiful . . . She's got twins, Sophie and Arly, who are now 23 years old. They both graduated from University of Michigan, and they are living in New York. One is in graduate school at Columbia [University]. The other ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=2160.0,2190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/transcript/61875/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"one's working in New York for Paramount. She [Cheryl] has a son named Ian, who is now a freshman at the University of Michigan and just started. They're all doing wonderful. Allison has two children, she has a daughter, Abigail, who's at Riverwood, who's in 11th grade. She has a son, Jordan, who is at the Epstein School. Then Steven, who married a local girl. In fact, Steven married a girl ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=2190.0,2220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/transcript/61875/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"named Jennifer Babbitt, they were at the A.A. together and they were like best friends growing up. It was just a beautiful story . . . We have a picture of them dancing when they were six years old, dancing together at of somebody's bat mitzvah. They were best friends all the way through high school but never dated, just always close friends. They both had serious boyfriends, girlfriends and they end up breaking up with them, and they end up . . . at a wedding of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=2220.0,2250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/transcript/61875/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"one of their friends they end up getting together and the rest is history. They end up getting married and very happily married. They have three girls, all three of their girls are at private school at a Pace [Academy].\nCOHN: When I think about this wonderful family that you and Rita have raised, when you think about what you want to pass along to them, what do you want? What kind of legacy or ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=2250.0,2280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/transcript/61875/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"values have you instilled in your children and that you want your grandchildren to have?\nBODNER: People have asked that before, a lot of that has to come from them. What have I instilled in them? I want them to tell you, I hope I've given them good values, good morals, to care about other people, to be outspoken about your Jewish faith, to be proud of who you ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=2280.0,2310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/transcript/61875/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are. But the bottom line is, what do they have to say? What do they feel like? . . . You don't always see what you think you're seeing. It's like one of my kids said, \"You used to yell at me.\" Or say you do this, you do . . . They never listen or pretend, but they say, \"You know what, Dad? I listen a lot more than you thought I did.\"\nCOHN: When you think about your legacy and the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=2310.0,2340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/transcript/61875/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"things you've accomplished in your life, do you have something that you'd like to leave to posterity that you are the most proud of?\nBODNER: I guess like most people, the most proud of is looking at my family. We moved here with nothing. We moved here with no . . . we had no relatives here . . . I had friends, Rita knew nobody. To see what I've built, we have now 16 of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=2340.0,2370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/transcript/61875/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"us and just to look around and it's so much naches for me to look at my kids and my grandkids, and to see what they've accomplished, and see what they're doing. For me to be able to sit there and enjoy it with them, to be a part of their lives, which is something that I never experienced. I never knew my grandparents. For me to be a part of their lives means so much to me and I hope, I'm sure, it means a lot to them too to be a part of . . . to have grandparents in their lives.\nCOHN: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=2370.0,2400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/transcript/61875/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Arthur, you've given us a lot of wonderful information but before we conclude, I want to check in with you to see if there are any other details that you want to share or if there's anything else you'd like to add.\nBODNER: I'm sure I'll think of it when I leave here, but not really. I'm very fortunate that I had parents that worked hard, they gave me a good ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=2400.0,2430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/transcript/61875/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"work ethic. They had nothing, and yet they put two kids through college, put me through dental school, and I'm very fortunate to have had the background that I had. I'm very fortunate to have the people around me, our friends, our family. I'm a very lucky person. That's all I can say. I'm very fortunate, very lucky. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=2430.0,2460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/transcript/61875/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nCOHN: Arthur, it's been fascinating to learn about your life and the legacy that you've built and that you're going to leave. Thank you so much for being part of this oral history and being with us today. \nBODNER: Thank you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=2460.0,2490.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/annotation_set/1245","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Annotations [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/annotation_set/1245/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGail Cohn (b. 1943) is an active member of the Atlanta Jewish community and President of her company LeaderShape Consultants. She earned her Bachelor of Science degree in Education from the University of Georgia in 1965 and her Master of Science in Human Resource Management from National Louis University in 1995. Gail was very involved in the civil rights movement and worked to desegregate high schools in Columbus, Georgia. She has served the community in a variety of roles, including as a corporate trainer for Blue Cross Blue Shield of Georgia, teaching workshops at DeKalb Technical Institute, Chattahoochee Valley Community College, and Columbus State University. Gail has also worked with the Jewish Federation of Greater Atlanta, the Anti-Defamation League, and she was involved with JFGA’s Young Leadership Council.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/annotation_set/1245/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum in Atlanta celebrates and commemorates Jewish history, culture, and art through events and museum spaces. The Breman also contains the Cuba Family Archives for Southern Jewish History, which houses thousands of manuscripts, oral histories, and photograph collections, related to southern Jewish history and the Holocaust.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/annotation_set/1245/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSalisbury is a city in Rowan County in the Piedmont region of North Carolina. The city is part of the Charlotte metropolitan area, and it is the oldest continually populated colonial town in the western region of the state. Salisbury’s economy became an industrial-based economy in the 20th century with the development of the textile industry and numerous textile mills operated in the city. The industry moved the mills to areas with cheaper labor costs in the late 20th century and the city was faced with a period of high employment. Since the 2000's, the city's population has grown. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/annotation_set/1245/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIrving Bodner (1916-1998) was a business owner and farmer in Heflin, Alabama. Born in New York, Bodner and his family lived in North Carolina before relocating to Alabama for his work in the textile industry. Following a factory fire, Bodner began Bodner Egg Farms. He served as president of Temple Beth El in Anniston, Alabama, and was active with other organizations including Heflin Lions Club, Heflin PTA, and Boy Scouts of America. He married Lillian Osipowitz in 1939, and together they had two children, Arthur and Allen. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=60.0,90.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/annotation_set/1245/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLillian [Osipowitz] Bodner (1915-2013) was the wife of Irving Bodner, a business owner and farmer in Heflin, Alabama. Born and raised in New York City, she married Irving in 1939, and together they had two children, Arthur and Allen. Lillian and Irving moved to North Carolina in 1940 and later to Heflin where they raised their family and operated Bodner and Son Eggs. Bodner was a member of Temple Beth El in Anniston, Alabama. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=60.0,90.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/annotation_set/1245/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOdesa, also known by the Russian spelling Odessa, is the third largest city in Ukraine and is a major seaport and transportation hub located on the northwestern shore of the Black Sea. In response to the bombing of Odesa during the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, the city center was declared a World Heritage Site and added to the List of World Heritage in Danger by the UNESCO World Heritage Committee. During the 19th century, the city was the fourth largest in the Russian Empire and was part of the Soviet Union until its collapse and Independence of Ukraine in 1991. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=60.0,90.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/annotation_set/1245/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAbraham Bodner (approx. 1870-1958) was the father of Irving Bodner. He was born in Austria and immigrated to New York City, New York. He worked in the textile industry and was married to Helen Bodner, together they had nine children. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=90.0,120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/annotation_set/1245/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eYeshiva [Hebrew: sitting] is a Jewish educational institution for religious instruction that is equivalent to high school. It also refers to a Talmudic college for unmarried male students from their teenage years to their early twenties.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=150.0,180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/annotation_set/1245/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBrooklyn is a borough of New York City. It is named after the Dutch town of Breukelen. It is located on the westernmost edge of Long Island and shares a border with Queens.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=150.0,180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/annotation_set/1245/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHeflin is a city in Cleburne County, Alabama. It is located about halfway between Birmingham, Alabama, and Atlanta, Georgia. It was first settled in 1882 as a station on the railroad line from Atlanta. In 2020, the population was 3,431.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=240.0,270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/annotation_set/1245/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWorld War II (abbreviated WWII or WW2) was a global war involving fighting in most of the world and most countries. Most countries fought in the years 1939–1945 but some started fighting in 1937. Most of the world's countries, including all the great powers, fought as part of two military alliances: the Allies and the Axis Powers. World War II was the largest and deadliest conflict in all of history. It involved more countries, cost more money, involved more people, and killed more people than any other war in history. Between 50 to 85 million people died. The majority were civilians. It included massacres, the deliberate genocide of the Holocaust, strategic bombing, starvation, disease, and the only use of nuclear weapons against civilians in history.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=300.0,330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/annotation_set/1245/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe National Socialist German Workers’ Party (NSDAP), commonly known as the “Nazi Party,” was a political party in Germany active between 1920 and 1945. The party’s leader was Adolf Hitler. Initially, Nazi political strategy focused on anti-big business, anti-bourgeois, and anti-capitalist rhetoric. In the 1930s the party's focus shifted to antisemitic and anti-Marxist themes. Racism was also central to Nazism. The Nazis aimed to unite all Germans as national comrades, whilst excluding those deemed either to be community aliens or of a foreign race. The Nazis sought to improve the stock of the Germanic people through racial purity and eugenics, broad social welfare programs, and a disregard for the value of individual life, which could be sacrificed for the good of the Nazi state and the “Aryan master race.” The persecution reached its climax when the party-controlled German state organized the systematic murder of approximately 6,000,000 Jews and 5,000,000 people from the other targeted groups.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=300.0,330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/annotation_set/1245/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOrthodox Judaism is a traditional branch of Judaism that strictly follows the written Torah and the oral law concerning prayer, dress, food, sex, family relations, social behavior, the Sabbath day, holidays, and more.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=360.0,390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/annotation_set/1245/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJohn Jackson Sparkman (1899-1985) was a lawyer and Democrat from Alabama who served in the United States House of Representatives from 1937 to 1946 and the United States Senate from 1946 to 1979. In the 1952 presidential elections, he was Adlai Stevenson's running mate and the Democratic Party’s nominee for vice president. Sparkman was a proponent of segregation during the Civil Rights era and voted regularly against civil rights legislation. He signed the 1956 Southern Manifesto, which pledged opposition to racial integration and promised to use \"all lawful means\" to fight the ruling.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=630.0,660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/annotation_set/1245/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAuburn University, also known as AU or Auburn, is a public land-grant research university in Auburn, Alabama. It is the second-largest university in Alabama and one of two flagship public universities in the state. The university was charted in 1856 as East Alabama Male College, affiliated with the Methodist Episcopal Church. In 1892, it became the first four-year coeducational school in Alabama and in 1960, its name was changed to Auburn University. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=630.0,660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/annotation_set/1245/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCandling is a method used to check for embryonic growth inside of an egg, usually a chicken egg. The method uses a bright light source behind the egg to see through the shell. It is called candling because the original source of light used in the process was candles.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=720.0,750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/annotation_set/1245/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe United States Department of Agriculture has three consumer grades for eggs, Grade AA, A, and B. The grade is determined by the interior quality of the egg and the appearance and condition of the eggshell. U.S. Grade AA eggs have whites that are thick and firm; yolks that are high, round, and practically free from defects; and clean, unbroken shells. Grade AA and Grade A eggs are best for frying and poaching where appearance is important and for any other purpose. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=720.0,750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/annotation_set/1245/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA minstrel show, also called minstrelsy, was an American form of theater developed in the early 19th century. The shows were performed by mostly white actors wearing blackface makeup and tattered clothing who imitated and mimicked enslaved Africans to comically portray racial stereotypes of African Americans. These performances characterized blacks as lazy, ignorant, superstitious, hypersexual, and prone to thievery and cowardice. Thomas Dartmouth Rice developed the first popularly known blackface character, “Jim Crow” in 1830. Minstrel shows grew in popularity during the American Civil War and continued into the 20th century through vaudeville, radio, and television. Following the American Civil Rights Movement, minstrel performances and blackface declined in popularity and are now generally considered highly offensive, disrespectful, and racist. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=810.0,840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/annotation_set/1245/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAnniston, Alabama is located in the northeastern part of the state and is the county seat of Calhoun County. The city sits on the slope of the Blue Mountains, part of the Appalachian Mountains. In 1961, during the Civil Rights Movement, a mob firebombed a bus filled with Freedom Riders just outside the city. The riders escaped the burning bus but were beaten by the mob. The site was designated Freedom Riders National Monument by President Obama in 2017.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=900.0,930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/annotation_set/1245/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCincinnati is located on the Ohio River, in the state of Ohio. The city was incorporated in 1820 and today is the third largest city in the state.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=930.0,960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/annotation_set/1245/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRabbi Irving Bloom (1931-2020) was a student rabbi who traveled to Temple Beth El in Anniston, Alabama on a monthly basis from 1953 to 1955 to lead services. Bloom first studied at an Orthodox yeshiva in Brooklyn, but ultimately enrolled in undergraduate classes at the University of Cincinnati and in the pre-rabbinic program at Hebrew Union College-Jewish Institute of Religion. He was ordained a Rabbi in 1956. Bloom taught Hebrew classes, post-confirmation classes, and religious school. While serving the congregation, Bloom helped form a youth group with teenagers from surrounding Jewish communities to allow teens from towns with very small Jewish youth populations to socialize. The congregation invited Bloom to become a full-time rabbi but he could not accept due to other responsibilities and commitments. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=930.0,960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/annotation_set/1245/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA bar mitzvah [Hebrew: son of commandments; plural: b’nai mitzvah] is a rite of passage for Jewish boys aged 13 years and one day. At that time, a Jewish boy is considered a responsible adult for most religious purposes. He is now duty-bound to keep the commandments, he puts on tefillin, and may be counted to the minyan quorum for public worship. He celebrates the bar mitzvah by being called up to the reading of the Torah in the synagogue, usually on the next available Sabbath after his Hebrew birthday.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=930.0,960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/annotation_set/1245/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe chazzan or cantor is the official in charge of music or chants and leads liturgical prayer and chanting in the synagogue.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=960.0,990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/annotation_set/1245/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Southern Railway was a freight and passenger railroad in the Southern United States from 1894 to 1982 when it merged with the Norfolk and Western Railway to form the Norfolk Southern Railway. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=990.0,1020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/annotation_set/1245/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTorah [Hebrew: teaching] is a general term that covers all Jewish law including the vast mass of teachings recorded in the Talmud and other rabbinical works. “Sefer Torah” refers to the sacred scroll on which the first five books of the Bible (the Pentateuch) are written, but it is often shortened simply to \"Torah\" in casual speech and writing.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=990.0,1020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/annotation_set/1245/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe haftarah is a series of selections from the books of Nevi'im (“Prophets”) of the Hebrew Bible (Tanach) that is publicly read in synagogue as part of Jewish religious practice. The haftarah reading follows the Torah reading on each Sabbath and on Jewish festivals and fast days. On Sabbath days, the haftarah is selected because it relates to the day’s Torah portion. On holidays and special Sabbaths, the haftarah is selected to coincide with the calendar.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=990.0,1020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/annotation_set/1245/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Ku Klux Klan (or Knights of the Ku Klux Klan today, also referred to as the KKK) is a white supremacist, white nationalist, anti-immigration, anti-Jewish, anti-Catholic, anti-Black secret society, whose methods have included terrorism and murder. It was founded in the South in the 1860s and then died out and has come back several times, most notably in the 1920s when membership soared again, and then again in the 1960s during the civil rights era. When the Klan was re-founded in 1915 in Georgia, the event was marked by a cross burning on Stone Mountain. In the past, its members dressed up in white robes and pointed hoods designed to hide their identity and to terrify. It is still in existence.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=1110.0,1140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/annotation_set/1245/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTallapoosa is a city in Haralson County, Georgia. In 2010 the population was 3,170. The city takes its name from the Tallapoosa River. The Georgia General Assembly incorporated Tallapoosa as a town in 1860.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=1200.0,1230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/annotation_set/1245/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSoutheast Federation of Temple Youth (SEFTY) is a regional division of the North American Federation for Temple Youth, now known as the NFTY. NFTY is the organized movement of Reform Judaism in North America. It was founded in 1939 as a program of the National Federation of Temple Youth and was meant to encourage college students to get involved in synagogue life. In 1953, NFTY began a summer camp at their facility in Oconomowoc, Wisconsin. Today NFTY is funded and supported by the Union for Reform Judaism. It exists to supplement and support Reform youth groups at the synagogue level. About 750 local youth groups are affiliated, with over 8,500 youth members (2021).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=1230.0,1260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/annotation_set/1245/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGadsden is a city in Etowah County, Alabama. It is located on the Coosa River, between Birmingham, Alabama, and Chattanooga, Tennessee. In the 19th century, Gadsden was an important center of commerce and industry, an important shipping center. Following national restructuring of railroads and heavy industry, the city's populations and industries declined and closed in the 1970’s and 1980’s. Gadsden has undergone redevelopment efforts including the Cultural Arts Center and downtown revitalization. In 1991, Gadsden was awarded the honor of All-America City by the National Civic League.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=1230.0,1260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/annotation_set/1245/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJasper is a city in Walker County, Alabama. The city was named in honor of Sergeant William Jasper, who served in the American Revolutionary War. Jasper was settled around 1815 and the first significant growth of the area was in 1886 when the Kansas City, Memphis and Birmingham Railroad and the Sheffield and Birmingham Railroads were completed through Jasper. In 2010, its population was approximately 14,000. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=1230.0,1260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/annotation_set/1245/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHuntsville is a city in Madison County, Limestone County, and a small portion extending into Morgan County located in the Appalachian region of northern Alabama. Huntsville was founded within the Mississippi Territory in 1805, when Alabama became a state in 1819, Huntsville was designated for a year as the first capital. Its location on the Tennessee River led to the development of textile mills in the late 19th century and major growth has occurred since World War II. Today it is the second most populous metropolitan area in the state after the Birmingham metropolitan area.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=1230.0,1260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/annotation_set/1245/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Florence-Muscle Shoals Metropolitan Area, commonly known as The Shoals or Tri-Cities is a metropolitan area in northwestern Alabama that includes the cities of Florence, Muscle Shoals, Tuscumbia, and Sheffield, and the counties of Lauderdale and Colbert. The Shoals are the economic, cultural, and educational center of northwest Alabama, home to the University of North Alabama in Florence, the birthplace of Helen Keller in Tuscumbia, and the birthplace of W.C. Handy in Florence. The area is also known for its music traditions, sometimes referred to as the birthplace of the Blues. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=1230.0,1260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/annotation_set/1245/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCamp Barney Medintz is an overnight Jewish summer camp near Cleveland, Georgia, in the North Georgia mountains. It was founded in 1963 and in 1961 named in memory of Barney Medintz, a prominent Jewish leader in Atlanta, who died in 1960. It is owned by the Marcus Jewish Community Center of Atlanta.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=1260.0,1290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/annotation_set/1245/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCamp Rutledge was a summer camp located in Hard Labor Creek State Park in Rutledge, Georgia. It was leased by the Atlanta Jewish Community Center every summer until 1962. In 1962, the Atlanta Jewish Community Center moved all of its summer camp programs to Camp Barney Medintz in Cleveland, Georgia. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=1260.0,1290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/annotation_set/1245/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBirmingham is located in the north-central part of the southern state of Alabama. It is the county seat of Jefferson County and the most populous city in the state. During the Civil Rights Movement of the 1950s and 1960s, the city received national and international attention. In 1963, local civil rights activist Fred Shuttlesworth asked Martin Luther King Jr. and the Southern Christian Conference to come to the city to help end segregation. Their effort was known as Project C (Confrontation) and specifically attacked the Jim Crow systems that existed in the city. The sit-ins and mass marches were organized and led to 3,000 arrests, but eventually led to desegregation in the city and helped with the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Dr. King was among those arrested and jailed. During his time in jail, he wrote his famous Letter from Birmingham Jail. Birmingham was also the site of the 16th Street Baptist Church bombing in 1963, which killed four young black girls.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=1260.0,1290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/annotation_set/1245/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAleph Zadik Aleph (AZA) is an international youth-led fraternal organization for Jewish teenage boys. Its sister organization for teenage girls is B'nai B'rith Girls (BBG). B'nai B'rith Youth Organization, now BBYO, is an umbrella organization including Jewish teens in both AZA and BBG.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=1290.0,1320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/annotation_set/1245/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGeorgia Institute of Technology, which is commonly referred to as Georgia Tech is a public research university and institute of technology in Atlanta. It was founded in 1885 during Reconstruction as part of the plan to build an industrial economy in the post-Civil War South.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=1320.0,1350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/annotation_set/1245/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHomewood is a city in southeastern Jefferson County and a suburb of Birmingham, Alabama. It is home to Red Mountain Park and Samford University. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=1320.0,1350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/annotation_set/1245/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMountain Brook is a city in southeastern Jefferson County and a suburb of Birmingham, Alabama. It is home to the Birmingham Zoo, Birmingham Botanical Gardens, and shopping malls. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=1320.0,1350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/annotation_set/1245/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eB’nai B’rith Youth Organization (BBYO) is a Jewish youth movement for students in grades from 8 through 12. The organization emphasizes its youth leadership model in which teen leaders are elected by their peers on a local, regional and international level and are given the opportunity to make their own programmatic decisions.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=1350.0,1380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/annotation_set/1245/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe University of Alabama is a public research university in Tuscaloosa, Alabama. It was established in 1820 and opened to students in 1831, making it the oldest and largest public university in Alabama. The university has 13 academic schools and offers programs unavailable anywhere else in the state, including doctoral programs in anthropology, communication, and social work. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=1380.0,1410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/annotation_set/1245/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJacksonville State University is a public university in Jacksonville, Alabama. The university was founded in 1883 and has six academic schools. The university was founded as Jacksonville State Normal School, in 1930, the name changed to Jacksonville State Teachers College, and again in 1957 to Jacksonville State College. It began operating under its current name in 1966. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=1440.0,1470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/annotation_set/1245/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRita [Freiman] Bodner (b. 1945) is an active member of the Atlanta Jewish Community and a member of Ahavath Achim Synagogue. Bodner was born in New York and moved to Atlanta with her husband Arthur Bodner. Bodner is the Court Appointed Special Advocate by the State of Georgia and serves on the board of directors for Ian’s Friends Foundation (IFF) an organization founded by her daughter and son-in-law committed to funding the support of pediatric brain tumor research. She and Arthur have three children, Cheryl, Allison, and Steven. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=1500.0,1530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/annotation_set/1245/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSelma is a city in Dallas County, the Black Belt region of south-central Alabama. The city is located on the banks of the Alabama River, making it a trading center and market town during the antebellum years of the American South and an important armaments-manufacturing and iron shipbuilding center for the Confederacy during the Civil War. Today, the city is best known for the 1960s Civil Rights Movement and the Selma to Montgomery marches, beginning with \"Bloody Sunday\" in 1965 and ending with 25,000 people entering Montgomery at the end of the last march to press for voting rights. This activism generated national attention for social justice and that summer, the Voting Rights Act of 1965 was passed. Following agriculture and industry decline, Selma’s population has declined since its peak in the 1960’s. In the 2020 census, the population was almost 18,000 and about 80% of the population is African American.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=1530.0,1560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/annotation_set/1245/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJohn Fitzgerald Kennedy (1917-1963), often referred to by his initials \"JFK,\" was an American politician who served as the 35th president of the United States from 1961 until his assassination in 1963. Kennedy served at the height of the Cold War, and the majority of his work as president concerned relations with the Soviet Union and Cuba. A Democrat, Kennedy represented Massachusetts in both houses of the U.S. Congress prior to becoming president.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=1560.0,1590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/annotation_set/1245/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTufts University is a private research university located in the Greater Boston area. The main campus is located in the Walnut Hill neighborhood in the towns of Medford and Somerville, Massachusetts. The university was founded in 1852 by Christian universalists. It was a small liberal arts college until the 1970s, when it became a large research university.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=1590.0,1620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/annotation_set/1245/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBoston, Massachusetts is the capital and largest city in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. The city was founded in 1630 by Puritan settlers. During the American Revolution, the city was the location of various key events including the Boston Tea Party, the Boston Massacre, and the siege of Boston.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=1590.0,1620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/annotation_set/1245/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHistology, also known as microscopic anatomy or microanatomy, is the branch of biology that studies the microscopic anatomy of biological tissues. In medicine, histopathology is the branch of histology that includes the microscopic identification and study of diseased tissue. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=1590.0,1620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/annotation_set/1245/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMcGuire Air Force Base is the McGuire unit of Joint Base McGuire-Dix-Lakehurst, a United States Air Force base in Burlington County, New Jersey. The base opened in 1941 as Fort Dix Army Air Force Base, closing after World War II, and reopening in 1948 as McGuire Air Force Base. It was consolidated with two adjoining US Army and Navy facilities to become part of Joint Base McGuire-Dix-Lakehurst in 2009. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=1710.0,1740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/annotation_set/1245/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBensonhurst is a neighborhood in the New York City borough of Brooklyn, in the southwest section. In the early 20th century, Bensonhurst had large Italian and Jewish populations. Following World War II, an influx of immigrants from Southern Italy added to its recognition of the area as Brooklyn’s Little Italy.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=1740.0,1770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/annotation_set/1245/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHonolulu is the capital and most populous city of Hawai'i, in the Pacific Ocean. Honolulu is Hawai'i’s major hub for business, finance, hospitality, and military defense. The city is known for its mix of Asian, Western, and Pacific cultures, creating diverse demography, cuisine, and traditions. Honolulu has been the capital of the Hawai’ian Islands since 1845, gaining worldwide attention in 1941, following the Empire of Japan's attack on nearby Pearl Harbor which prompted the United States to enter World War II. The harbor remains a major U.S. Navy base and the site of the USS Arizona Memorial. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=1800.0,1830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/annotation_set/1245/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMiami is a city located in South Florida on the coast of the Atlantic Ocean. It is the second largest city in Florida and the county seat of Miami-Dade County.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=1860.0,1890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/annotation_set/1245/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAunt Fanny’s Cabin was a controversial restaurant that used black stereotypes to appeal to customers. It was located in Smyrna, Georgia in a nineteenth-century farm tenant’s cabin. Originally opened in December 1941 as an antique and country store by Atlanta socialite Isoline Orme Campbell (1893–1978), it quickly evolved into a popular restaurant. In 1954, Campbell sold the restaurant to Marjorie Bowman and Harvey Hester, under whom the restaurant’s popularity grew. From 1968 until its closure in 1992, it was owned and operated by George Pongo Poole. In 2022, the city of Smyrna demolished the structure.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=1920.0,1950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/annotation_set/1245/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCheryl [Bodner] Yagoda (b. 1970) is the eldest daughter of Arthur Bodner and Rita [Freiman] Bodner, and co-founder of Ian’s Friends Foundation (IFF) an organization committed to funding the support of pediatric brain tumor research. IFF was established in 2006 by Cheryl and her husband Phil Yagoda when their son, Ian, was diagnosed with an inoperable brain tumor. IFF began as a grassroots organization with the intention of discovering promising and alternative therapies in addition to conventional treatments. Cheryl and Phil have three children together. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=1980.0,2010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/annotation_set/1245/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAllison [Bodner] Smith is the second daughter of Arthur Bodner and Rita [Freiman] Bodner and an active member of the Atlanta Jewish Community. She is the Donor Relations Manager for the Atlanta Women's Foundation and has been involved with Ian’s Friends Foundation (IFF) an organization committed to funding the support of pediatric brain tumor research co-founded by her sister. She has also been involved with the Epstein School, Jewish Fertility Foundation, The Resource Institute, Helping Hands Teen Volunteers, and The Atlanta College of Art. She is married to Jason Smith, and together they have two children.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=1980.0,2010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/annotation_set/1245/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Epstein School (also known as the Solomon Shechter School of Atlanta) is a private Jewish day school in the Atlanta area located in Sandy Springs. In 1973, Rabbi Harry H. Epstein and the leaders of Ahavath Achim synagogue wanted to create a Conservative Jewish day school. The first campus was housed at the synagogue. In 1987 the school moved to Sandy Springs.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=1980.0,2010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/annotation_set/1245/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHebrew school can be either the Jewish equivalent of Sunday school (an educational regimen separate from secular education, focusing on topics of Jewish history and learning the Hebrew language), or a primary, secondary, or college-level educational institution where some or all of the classes are taught in Hebrew.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=1980.0,2010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/annotation_set/1245/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Atlanta Jewish Community Center was officially founded in 1910, as the Jewish Educational Alliance. In the late 1940s, it evolved into the Atlanta Jewish Community Center and moved to Peachtree Street. It stayed there until 1998 when the building was sold and the center moved to the suburb of Dunwoody. In 2000, it was renamed the “Marcus Jewish Community Center of Atlanta.”\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=1980.0,2010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/annotation_set/1245/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRiverwood International Charter School is a Charter school located in Sandy Springs, Georgia. Riverwood is one of the schools in Fulton County's four magnet sites, offering International Studies and International Baccalaureate Programs.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=1980.0,2010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/annotation_set/1245/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSyracuse University is a private university located in Syracuse, New York. It was founded in 1870 with its roots originally in the Methodist Episcopal Church. Since 1920, it has been nonsectarian.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=2010.0,2040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/annotation_set/1245/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSteven Bodner is the youngest child of Arthur Bodner and Rita [Freiman] Bodner, a commercial realtor, and active member of the Atlanta Jewish Community. He is married to Jennifer Babbit Bodner, and together they have three children. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=2040.0,2070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/annotation_set/1245/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAhavath Achim Synagogue (often referred to as \"AA\") was founded as an Orthodox congregation in 1887 in a small room on Gilmer Street. In 1901 they moved to a permanent building at the corner of Piedmont Avenue and Gilmer Street. In 1921, the congregation constructed a synagogue at Washington Street and Woodward Avenue. It joined the Conservative movement in 1952. The final service in the Washington Street building was held in 1958 to make way for construction of the Downtown Connector (the concurrent section of Interstate 75 and Interstate 85 through Atlanta). The synagogue moved to its current location on Peachtree Battle Avenue in 1958. As of 2022, Ahavath Achim is the largest Conservative synagogue in the Atlanta area and its current Senior Rabbi is Laurence Rosenthal.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=2040.0,2070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/annotation_set/1245/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe University of Georgia (UGA) is a public land grant university, which was founded in 1785 making it one of the oldest universities in the United States. Its main campus is in Athens, Georgia with two satellite campuses in Atlanta and Lawrenceville. It is the flagship school of the University System of Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=2040.0,2070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/annotation_set/1245/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTemple Sinai was founded as a Reform congregation in 1968 and met in a variety of locations before establishing a synagogue on Dupree Drive in Sandy Springs, north of Atlanta. Rabbi Richard Lehrman was chosen as the congregation's founding rabbi. As of 2022, the current Senior Rabbi is Ronald M. Segal, who has served in that position since 2006.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=2070.0,2100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/annotation_set/1245/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMargaret Mitchell is a neighborhood in the northwest part of the city of Atlanta. It is bounded by Moore's Mill Road on the south, Interstate-75 on the east, and the Paces neighborhood on the west. The neighborhood is named for Gone With the Wind author Margaret Mitchell. It was developed in the 1950s and was originally called Cherokee Forest.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=2070.0,2100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/annotation_set/1245/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHebrew for “daughter of commandments.” A rite of passage for Jewish girls aged 12 years and one day according to her Hebrew birthday. Many girls have their bat mitzvah around age 13, the same as boys who have their bar mitzvah at that age. The bat mitzvah girl is now duty bound to keep the commandments. Synagogue ceremonies are held for bat mitzvah girls in Reform and Conservative communities, but it has not won the approval of Orthodox rabbis.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=2100.0,2130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/annotation_set/1245/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRabbi Arnold M. Goodman served as senior rabbi of Ahavath Achim in Atlanta, Georgia from 1982 to 2002. He came to Atlanta from Minnesota where he had served as rabbi of Adath Jeshurun in Minnetonka since 1966. He currently serves as its senior rabbinic scholar. Upon his retirement, the synagogue honored them by designating its adult education program as Beit Aharon: The Rabbi Arnold and Rae Goodman Learning Institute for Adult Studies.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=2100.0,2130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/annotation_set/1245/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRabbi Harry Hyman Epstein (1903-2003) served as rabbi of Ahavath Achim Synagogue in Atlanta, Georgia from 1928 to 1982, when he became rabbi emeritus. Under Rabbi Epstein, the formerly Orthodox congregation began to shift to Conservative Judaism, and officially joined the United Synagogue of America (now the United Synagogue of Conservative Judaism), in 1952.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=2130.0,2160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/annotation_set/1245/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWall Street is an eight-block-long street in the Financial District of Lower Manhattan in New York City. The term ‘Wall Street’ has come to colloquially refer to the financial markets of the United States as a whole.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=2160.0,2190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/annotation_set/1245/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe University of Michigan is a public research university in Ann Arbor, Michigan. It’s the oldest university in Michigan. It was founded in 1817 by an act of the Michigan Territory, 20 years before Michigan became a state. It moved to Ann Arbor in 1837.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=2160.0,2190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/annotation_set/1245/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eColumbia University is a private Ivy League university located in New York City. The university was founded in 1754 and was known as King’s College. It is the oldest higher education institution in New York and the fifth oldest in the United States.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=2160.0,2190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/annotation_set/1245/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eParamount is an American multinational mass media and entertainment conglomerate headquartered in Midtown Manhattan in New York City. Paramount's properties include Paramount Pictures film and television studio, the CBS Entertainment Group, BET Networks, media networks such as MTV and Nickelodeon, and the company's streaming service Paramount+. Paramount Pictures was founded in 1912 as the Famous Players Film Company. Paramount Global was formed in 2019 with the merges of CBS Corporation and Viacom. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=2190.0,2220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/annotation_set/1245/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJennifer Babbit Bodner is a businessperson and active member of the Atlanta Jewish community. Babbit Bodner attended Riverwood High School and the University of Wisconsin-Madison. Since 2015, she has been the founder and CEO of Babbit Bodner, an independent communications consultancy in Atlanta. She is married to Steven Bodner, and together they have three children. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=2220.0,2250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/annotation_set/1245/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePace Academy is a college preparatory private school for kindergarten through ninth-grade students. It is located in the Buckhead area of Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=2250.0,2280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/annotation_set/1245/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eNaches is a Yiddish word that refers to pride or joy, particularly in the achievements of one’s child. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=2370.0,2400.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/index/81195","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Arthur Bodner [Index]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/index/81195/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Provides background on his parents, grandparents, and extended family","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=46.0,275.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/index/81195/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Arthur shares about his parents, grandparents, aunts and uncles, and how they came to America. ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=46.0,275.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/index/81195/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"January 31, 1942, at Salisbury, North Carolina.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=46.0,275.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/index/81195/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Austria","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Irving Bodner","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lillian Osipowitz Bodner","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lower East Side","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Odessa, Russia [modern-day Ukraine]","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Orthodox Judaism","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Salisbury, North Carolina","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"textile industry","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yeshiva","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=46.0,275.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/index/81195/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Growing up in Salisbury, North Carolina","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=275.0,421.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/index/81195/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Arthur shares his experience growing up in Salisbury, North Carolina and experiencing antisemitism. ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=275.0,421.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/index/81195/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That was a question I would have liked to ask my father. Which I did not ask, but the textile factory was opened, as I say, in Salisbury. I was born in Salisbury in 1942. My brother was born there in 1946. It had a small Jewish population. 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","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=421.0,776.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/index/81195/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Seven years old. The reason they picked Heflin, is because it was a small town and people needed employment. It was on the railroad, they were willing to put up a lot of money to bring factories in, and for people to have work. Somehow, they picked Heflin, Alabama to open the textile factory, which was really at that time the major, major industry for that town. 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","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=776.0,1082.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/index/81195/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think it was 4,000. The buildings that I went to visit in Brooklyn for my aunts and uncles were bigger. The buildings had more people than I had in my whole town. What was it like? This was in the 1950's, small town living. It was great. It was the innocent years. 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","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=1082.0,1189.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/index/81195/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Absolutely. My parents being from New York, being Jewish and experiencing antisemitism, I was never raised to hate. I was never raised to look down on anybody. I was never raised to look down on the blacks. 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","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=1387.0,1691.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/index/81195/annotation/186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Went to the University of Alabama for old time. [I] Went to Alabama . . . We really didn't even think about going out of state. 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","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=1691.0,1971.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/index/81195/annotation/190","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I ended up joining the Air Force, and I went through four years of school and then I ended up going into the Air Force. I end up getting shipped . . . We were obligated to do two years, military. I did my start off at McGuire Air Force Base, and that's where I met my lovely wife. 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","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=1971.0,2077.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/index/81195/annotation/194","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I agree, I have three wonderful children. I have two daughters and a son, each one are four years apart. Cheryl, my oldest daughter, we sent Cheryl and Allison, my second daughter, we sent [them] to Hebrew day school.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=1971.0,2077.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/index/81195/annotation/195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ahavath Achim Synagogue","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Allison [Bodner] Smith","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Cheryl [Bodner] Yagoda","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hebrew day school","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Riverwood International Charter School","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Syracuse University","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Epstein School","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Jewish Community Center","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"University of Georgia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"yeshiva","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=1971.0,2077.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/index/81195/annotation/196","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Getting involved with Ahavath Achim Synagogue","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=2077.0,2146.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/index/81195/annotation/197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Arthur shares how his family became involved with Ahavath Achim Synagogue in Atlanta and his children's Jewish education there. ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=2077.0,2146.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/index/81195/annotation/198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rita and I are members of the A.A. Synagogue, we have been . . . To be honest with you, when we first moved here, we were members of [Temple] Sinai before it was built. In fact, I helped build that synagogue before it was built. ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=2077.0,2146.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/index/81195/annotation/199","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ahavath Achim Synagogue","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Atlanta, Georgia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"bat mitzvah","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rabbi Arnold M. Goodman","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rabbi Harry Hyman Epstein","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Temple Sinai","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=2077.0,2146.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/index/81195/annotation/200","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Shares about his grandchildren","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=2146.0,2287.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/index/81195/annotation/201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Arthur shares about his grandchildren and their academic achievements. ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=2146.0,2287.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/index/81195/annotation/202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Fortunately, they all three married Jewish spouses, which is unusual in this day and time. Not too many people can say that for all three kids.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=2146.0,2287.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/index/81195/annotation/203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Allison [Bodner] Smith","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Atlanta, Georgia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Cheryl [Bodner] Yagoda","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Columbia University","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jennifer Babbit Bodner","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"New York City","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Pace Academy","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Paramount","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Riverwood International Charter School","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Epstein School","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"University of Michigan","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=2146.0,2287.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/index/81195/annotation/204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Reflects on his legacy and what he is most proud of","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=2287.0,2479.93"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/index/81195/annotation/205","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Arthur reflects on the legacy and values he has instilled in his children, discusses his pride in his family, and how fortunate he has been for the opportunities he has had. ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=2287.0,2479.93"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/index/81195/annotation/206","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"People have asked that before, a lot of that has to come from them. What have I instilled in them? I want them to tell you, I hope I've given them good values, good morals, to care about other people, to be outspoken about your Jewish faith, to be proud of who you are.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=2287.0,2479.93"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993/index/81195/annotation/207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Atlanta, Georgia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Judaism","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/114194/file/216993#t=2287.0,2479.93"}]}]}]}