{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/hd7np1x474/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Weingarten, Helen Fromowitz"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["2011-06-10 (creation)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["Video"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source"]},"value":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum","Esther and Herbert Taylor Oral History Collection"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eHelen Fromowitz Weingarten was interviewed by John Kent and Rith Einstein on June 10, 2011 in Sandy Springs, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e (general)","\u003cp\u003eHelen introduces her family and the region of Romania where she grew up. She recounts interactions with non-Jews growing up. Helen describes how her family was forced into a ghetto and then deported to Auschwitz-Birkenau. She explains how she immigrated to the United States after liberation. Helen recounts how dramatically life changed as World War II began. She details the journey to, arrival in, and experiences of daily life in Auschwitz-Birkenau. Helen recalls Nuremberg and Melthauer—the camps where she and four of her sisters were sent as slave laborers at the end of the war. She recollects liberation. Helen reflects on what religion meant to her during and after the war. She shares how she met her husband and came to the Untied States. Helen talks about adjusting to a new life, raising her children, and then moving to be near her children after retirement. She offers her thoughts on Germany, Hungary and Israel as well as why it is important to her to share her story.\u003c/p\u003e (scope content)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source Metadata URI"]},"value":{"en":["https://archivesspace.thebreman.org/repositories/2/archival_objects/28464"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject"]},"value":{"en":["Helen Fromowitz Weingarten (personal name)","Isak Weingarten (personal name)","Bertha Fromowitz (personal name)","Frank (Ferenz) Fromowitz (personal name)","Erwin (Eisik) Fromowitz (personal name)","Ester Fromowitz (personal name)","Goldie (Regina) Fromowitz (personal name)","Perl (Pepi) Fromowitz (personal name)","Frida Fromowitz (personal name)","Rachel Fromowitz (personal name)","Morris Fromowitz (personal name)","Alexander Fromowitz (personal name)","Lola Kwiklinska (personal name)","Eugenia Lerner (personal name)","Dr. Josef Mengele (personal name)","Adolf Hitler (personal name)","King Carol II (personal name)","Siemens AG (corporate name)","Kretshnif, Romania (geographic term)","Ujbocsko, Romania (geographic term)","Slatina, Romania (geographic term)","Maramarossziget, Romania (geographic term)","Sighetu Marmatiei, Romania (geographic term)","Nuremberg, Germany (geographic term)","Mehltheuer, Germany (geographic term)","Rehau, Germany (geographic term)","Sosnowiec, Poland (geographic term)","Niwka, Poland (geographic term)","Loraine, Ohio (geographic term)","Cleveland, Ohio (geographic term)","Fort Lauderdale, Florida (geographic term)","Clearwater, Flordia (geographic term)","Carpathian Mountains (geographic term)","Romania (geographic term)","Germany (geographic term)","Israel (geographic term)","United States of America (geographic term)","Poland (geographic term)","Auschwitz-Birkenau Concentration Camp (geographic term)","Siemens-Schuckert Werke Camp (geographic term)","Concentration Camps (topical term)","Displaced Persons Camps (topical term)","Ghetto (topical term)","Holocaust (topical term)","Holocaust Survivor (topical term)","Crematoriums (topical term)","Gas Chambers (topical term)","Cattle Cars (topical term)","Selection (topical term)","Kristallnacht (topical term)","Schutzstaffel - SS (topical term)","Anti-Semitism (topical term)","Identification Numbers (topical term)","World War II (topical term)","Gendarmerie (topical term)","Liberation (topical term)","Yom Kippur (topical term)","Jewish Beliefs (topical term)","Hebrew School (topical term)"]}}],"summary":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eHelen Fromowitz Weingarten was interviewed by John Kent and Rith Einstein on June 10, 2011 in Sandy Springs, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHelen introduces her family and the region of Romania where she grew up. She recounts interactions with non-Jews growing up. Helen describes how her family was forced into a ghetto and then deported to Auschwitz-Birkenau. She explains how she immigrated to the United States after liberation. Helen recounts how dramatically life changed as World War II began. She details the journey to, arrival in, and experiences of daily life in Auschwitz-Birkenau. Helen recalls Nuremberg and Melthauer—the camps where she and four of her sisters were sent as slave laborers at the end of the war. She recollects liberation. Helen reflects on what religion meant to her during and after the war. She shares how she met her husband and came to the Untied States. Helen talks about adjusting to a new life, raising her children, and then moving to be near her children after retirement. She offers her thoughts on Germany, Hungary and Israel as well as why it is important to her to share her story.\u003c/p\u003e"]},"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/105/103/small/Screen_Shot_2021-03-07_at_11.50.11_AM.png?1615117826","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - Weingarten_Helen.mp4"]},"duration":6188.085,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/105/103/small/Screen_Shot_2021-03-07_at_11.50.11_AM.png?1615117826","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-thebreman.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/105/103/original/Weingarten_Helen.mp4?1612254535","type":"Video","format":"video/mp4","duration":6188.085,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Weingarten, Helen [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"EINSTEIN: June 10, 2011. We're here at the home of Helen Weingarten in Sandy\nSprings, Georgia, with John Kent as the interviewer. I'm Ruth Einstein from the\nWilliam Breman Jewish Heritage Museum. We are so pleased that you agreed to\nspeak with us today.\n\nWEINGARTEN: Sure.\n\nEINSTEIN: We will get started.\n\nKENT: Let's start at the very beginning. What was your name when you were born?\n\nWEINGARTEN: Helen Fromoiwitz.\n\nKENT: Can you spell that please?\n\nWEINGARTEN: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"F-r-o-m-o-i-w-i-t-z. I haven't used that name in about 70 years.\n\nKENT: When were you born and where?\n\nWEINGARTEN: I was born in the Carpathian . . . At that time, it was Romania.\nWhen my mother was born, it was Hungarian. Then the Romanians came ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in. I went to\na Romanian school. I speak Hungarian, but I don't speak Rumenish. I have no one\nto speak it with. I forgot but if I would be in Romania a couple of weeks, I\nwould do it back.\n\nKENT: What year were you born?\n\nWEINGARTEN: 1924.\n\nKENT: Who were the people in your family--parents, brothers, sisters?\n\nWEINGARTEN: We were six daughters and three ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=60.0,90.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sons. There was a mistake before.\nOne brother came to the United States when he was 17-years-old. One brother--I\nthought he died. Then we found out after when we went to look for family. I\nfound out he was alive. He went back home--15-year-old kid. My father told us,\n\"We don't know what's going to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=90.0,120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"happen. Whoever's going to be alive, go home.\nFind each other--the family.\" I didn't go home because I had my four sisters. As\nfar as I knew, my brother was dead, and my other sisters were dead, and\neverybody. Why go home to nothing? Then we went to look for family and found\nsome people who recognized ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=120.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"me. Said, \"You know what? Your brother is home.\" I\ndidn't know . . . I saw him on a truck with a lot of naked boys going to the\ncrematorium. I thought I saw him. But it wasn't him. It was other kids.\n\nKENT: What was that brother's name?\n\nWEINGARTEN: Erwin. Eizik. He remembered what my father said: \"Go home. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=150.0,180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Find\nsomebody.\" When those people saw me and told me my brother was alive, I passed\nout. For two hours I didn't know where I was. I wrote a letter. I still think I\nmade the biggest mistake not going. They were smugglers--two men and a woman\nfrom my hometown. They went back to the same place where I was born. I sent a\nletter and a picture from the four of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=180.0,210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"us sisters. I told him where we lived. A\nkid from 16 started on the road to go to Austria, go to wherever . . . he made\nit. He came and we were reunited. That's all we had--five siblings from the nine.\n\nKENT: What was the town?\n\nWEINGARTEN: Ujbocsko. Or you can say Kretshnif. Kretshnif ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=210.0,240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"everybody will know.\nIf there is somebody from Kretshnif, they'll know who I am, so I'd rather say Kretshnif.\n\nKENT: And the Hungarian name is?\n\nWEINGARTEN: Ujbocsko.\n\nKENT: Let us start during the happier, normal days.\n\nWEINGARTEN: I went to school. It was interrupted because the Hungarians, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=240.0,270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the\nRomanians, the Hungarians came, and then the Germans came . . . I speak all the\nlanguages because when you have a government, you have to learn speak the\nlanguages. That was my life. I learned to sew there. In fact, I used that as my\njob after the war here in the United States.\n\nKENT: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=270.0,300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"How integrated was your family with non-Jewish people?\n\nWEINGARTEN: Very. We had . . . the street of Kretshnif was all Jews. There was\nnot a Gentile on that street. On the other side, going to the left, were Gentile\npeople--very nice. We were all living together. The Catholics had a school for\nCatholics, and the Protestants, and the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=300.0,330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jews went to another school. We were\njust happy. We didn't know any different. We didn't know anything. Sometime the\nkids used to call us names, passing by the church where the Catholic children\nwere going to school. They used to call us 'lousy Jews' and all that, but we\ndidn't pay attention because we were going to get into trouble. It already ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=330.0,360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"started.\n\nKENT: What did you make of that as a kid?\n\nWEINGARTEN: It wasn't nice. When my brother was home--before he left for the\nUnited States--he would hit them. If they told him anything about the Jews, he\nwould just hit them. He would fight. But what would little girls do? Nothing.\nJust let it go.\n\nKENT: Did you have any understanding what that was about, why they were . . .\n\nWEINGARTEN: We knew ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=360.0,390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that we didn't believe in Jesus and they knew that . . .\nlittle things one thing or another. We didn't make nothing of it. Later on, we\nfound out that they really didn't like the Jews where we lived. Young people\nstarted, \"We don't like the Jews.\" We just didn't do nothing.\n\nKENT: Tell us about your ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=390.0,420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"parents. What do you remember about their personalities?\n\nWEINGARTEN: My father was a men's clothes designer. He was very well known. He\nwas a paramedic in the First World War. When somebody got sick in Kretshnif,\nthey came to my father. He helped when he could. We had socialized medicine. Not\neverybody . . . My father. He had ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=420.0,450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"people working for him. They had to have . . .\nWe had aspirins. We had little things that you need around. That was it.\nEverybody had their . . . My mother raised the kids.\n\nKENT: What were your parents' names?\n\nWEINGARTEN: My mother's name was Bertha. My father's name was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=450.0,480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Frank. They were\nvery well liked in the community.\n\nKENT: Describe yourself as a girl. What kind of personality did you have?\n\nWEINGARTEN: I liked myself. I had a boyfriend--which you weren't supposed to\nhave. You had older sisters. I was 15 or 16 and I loved the boy. He didn't\nsurvive, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=480.0,510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"thought. I still think about him once in a while. That's it. That was\nmy life. Not much but we were happy.\n\nKENT: In what way was your family Jews? What did that mean to you?\n\nWEINGARTEN: Strictly Orthodox Jews. I was Orthodox until after the war. When\nthey took us ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=510.0,540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"out of the homes and put us in the school, we didn't know what was\nhappening. There came orders to get the Jews out of the houses. They put us in a\nbig schoolroom. We were just there. We took the food from home what we still\nhad. They didn't provide food for us or anything. A couple of days later, we\nwere ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=540.0,570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"transported to Slatina. Across the bridge was Czechoslovakia, which also\nHungary occupied. We were there in the ghetto. That's when we knew what the\nghetto means. We didn't know anything until we got there and they housed us with\npeople. If you had a house, you took in people. That's the way it was. This is\nwhere we stayed for a number of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=570.0,600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"months and worked there. I cleaned the streets.\nThat was my job. I don't know what my father did . . . First, they shaved his\nbeard. We just lived day to day for about six or seven months. Then they put us\nin cattle cars. Came ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=600.0,630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"orders. We had to go someplace. We didn't know where. They\nput us in cattle cars. For five days and five nights we traveled without\nfood--just a piece of bread about two inches or so that had to last for you for\nfive days. Whatever else we had left kept us alive. We wound up someplace. I\nstill listen to the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=630.0,660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"whistle of the train when the train got in to\nAuschwitz-Birkenau. We didn't know what Auschwitz was. We didn't know what\nBirkenau was. It was Poland. We didn't know anything. When we looked out, we saw\npeople. I thought they were crazy. They were shaved. Somebody had a short dress,\nsomebody had a long dress. I didn't know what to make of it. We had luggage with\nus. When we left the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=660.0,690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"train, everything was left by the train. You couldn't take\nnothing. They took you away. Then they separated you. I'm sure you've heard\nabout that. \"Young girls here. Mothers with babies, with small children here.\nOlder persons . . .\" My mother said maybe she can babysit. Whatever she'll do,\nthey'll give her a job babysitting. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=690.0,720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Then the men were separated. I didn't know\nwhere . . . nothing. They did the same thing to us. They shaved our heads\ncompletely bald. Then we didn't recognize . . . the sisters. I didn't know who\nthey were because I'd never seen them without the hair. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=720.0,750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Then we found each\nother. One sister, Frida, came and said she found out that all the flames and\nthe chimneys that goes on the out that our parents were there--gassed and\nkilled. That was it. You couldn't mourn because you were next. Every day they\ntook people to the crematoriums. After seven months ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=750.0,780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in Auschwitz-Birkenau, what\nwe did . . . we filled the graves from the bombs. The bombs were falling in the\nsummertime. In the wintertime, we shoveled snows and all that. After the Sukkot\nholidays, three days after they took us away--500 girls on a walk to the\ncrematorium. We knew where we were ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=780.0,810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"going. Big deal. We knew where we were going.\nWe were going to die. We couldn't escape from that. But then . . . two SS men\ncame with some papers. They said, \"They are not going there. They are going to\nwork.\" They turned us around and put us in cattle cars. From there, we went to\nNuremberg. Five days and five nights with a little ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=810.0,840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"bread, with practically\nnothing. We still didn't know where we were going. We survived. Some people\ndidn't survive. They passed out. They died on the way. When we got there, we got\nfood. They gave us something to eat. They put us up in a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=840.0,870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"factory. There we\nworked. The sister who has Alzheimer's, her and I worked . . . what we did a\nmotor for airplanes. I never done that before in my life. I didn't know what it\nwas. They were the SS. They showed us what to do. \"If you do wrong, we'll kill\nyou.\" That's what we did ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=870.0,900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for about four or five months. Then they were going to\ntake us away because the Russians were coming closer. A lot of people went on.\nWe didn't want to go. We said, \"Kill us right here. Why go someplace and kill us\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=900.0,930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there?\" The SS. We didn't want to go. They didn't make us go because, \"Kill us\nhere. That's it. Get rid of us and finish.\" We didn't go and then two days later\nthe Americans came in and liberated us.\n\nKENT: Do you know what date that was?\n\nWEINGARTEN: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=930.0,960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"April 16, 1945.\n\nKENT: What condition were you in on liberation day?\n\nWEINGARTEN: You don't even want to know! I was about maybe 65 or 70\npounds--nothing. We were happy. We were ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=960.0,990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"still four sisters. A lot of people were\nsick. A lot of people didn't make it. After, they died. When they started to\neat, that was it. We started little by little. This is how we survived. Then\ncame a few officers to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=990.0,1020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"talk to us who spoke Yiddish. We didn't speak English at\nthat time. They said, \"Whoever has family in the United States,\" and we\nremembered someplace where they lived . . . I had my older sister--who is still\nalive in Cleveland--she remembered Asbury Park, New Jersey. We wrote a letter.\nMy brother got the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=1020.0,1050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"letter. This is when he knew that we were alive. It took us\nfive years to come to the United States because the quotas were gone. The\nquota--I was still under quota--was gone. The Polish quota was gone. Then Truman\ncame into power. Truman became President. He signed in about 200,000 ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=1050.0,1080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"displaced\npersons to the United States. We got into it. We came here in 1949. This is my\nlife. In Germany, I got married. Also a Holocaust survivor. He was five and a\nhalf years in the concentration camps. I had a baby. I brought a one-year-old\nbaby to the United States ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=1080.0,1110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with my husband. Then I had a little girl born in\nOhio. That was my family. I made my family. This is about . . . the thing of my\nlife. But what I went through is another story. Every day they picked out in\nAuschwitz-Birkenau . . . they needed so many . . . Dr. Mengele . . . He was the\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=1110.0,1140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"one who touched me, every day. I was a young girl, which was okay for work. I survived.\n\nKENT: Let's go back earlier. When thing started to change in Germany in 1933,\nyou were about nine years old.\n\nWEINGARTEN: Yes. I didn't know.\n\nKENT: Was there any change at all? What were you aware of in Romania? Did that\neffect ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=1140.0,1170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Romania?\n\nWEINGARTEN: I don't know the name because I was a little girl at that time, but\nsomebody was running for president. The Jewish people said he was not a good\nman. At that time, they killed Jewish people already. They put them in kosher\nbutcher shops--hung them up . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=1170.0,1200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"dead people. This is what I remember when I\ngrew up.\n\nKENT: This was in the 1930's?\n\nWEINGARTEN: Around there. I was a little girl. He wasn't elected. Somebody else was.\n\nKENT: Do you know anything else about that? Did your parents tell you . . .\n\nWEINGARTEN: Not much. They didn't know either.\n\nKENT: There were just people hanging in butcher shops?\n\nWEINGARTEN: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=1200.0,1230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Kosher. They killed the people and hung them up. That's what I\nremember. It wasn't much to remember. I don't even know when my mother's\nbirthday was. She was too busy talking to us, raising her children. My father\nshe kept a birthday. It was the second day of Passover. Other than that, they\nwere busy ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=1230.0,1260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"people. We were busy kids growing up. That was my life.\n\nKENT: When did things start to change from normal? What types of things started\nto change? When the war started . . .\n\nWEINGARTEN: I was a kid. We didn't know much what was going on really. I don't\nknow . . . maybe somebody had a paper.\n\nKENT: On Kristallnacht, you were ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=1260.0,1290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"14?\n\nWEINGARTEN: Kristallnacht was in Germany. That is when it started there.\nKristall . . . night. They killed the . . . Germans. I think. I didn't know much\nabout it.\n\nKENT: There wasn't a whole lot of news or radio?\n\nWEINGARTEN: No. We only knew sometimes . . . In 1944, two girls came from\nSlatina, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=1290.0,1320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where we were in the ghetto. They walked home maybe 20 miles from there\nand passed by, and told us, \"There is something wrong. They are taking Jews\ntogether in a place.\" They didn't even know what, but they escaped. That's all\nwe knew about that. Then we got into the ghetto.\n\nKENT: When the war started in 1939 . . .\n\nWEINGARTEN: In 1939, I was about 14 or ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=1320.0,1350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"15 . . . We didn't know much.\n\nKENT: The war didn't affect Romania at that point?\n\nWEINGARTEN: No, not us. We were just every day the same thing, living there.\n\nKENT: Until 1944, after the first four or five years of the war . . .\n\nWEINGARTEN: We still didn't know much.\n\nKENT: It didn't affect the economy or anything like that?\n\nWEINGARTEN: No. If you worked, you made a living. My father worked ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=1350.0,1380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"all the time.\n\nKENT: Did Romania have any kind of Jewish laws or restrictions?\n\nWEINGARTEN: We had to wear a star on the arm.\n\nKENT: What was that like for you?\n\nWEINGARTEN: We knew already something was going on. This is when we believed\nthat something is going on. We had to wear the star. Then we had to have papers.\nThis is when I . . . my mother and my father was born. We went to the\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=1380.0,1410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"courthouse. We needed papers. Then I knew my mother was born in 1886 and my\nfather was born in 1885. That's all I knew about their birthdates. They\nwere--like I said--too busy talking to us. We didn't ask any questions.\n\nKENT: When you were walking around with a yellow star . . .\n\nWEINGARTEN: Everybody walked around with a yellow star.\n\nKENT: Did the non-Jews ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=1410.0,1440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"treat you any differently then?\n\nWEINGARTEN: No. They treated us different before that. The same thing . . . They knew.\n\nKENT: Who were the people enforcing the rules?\n\nWEINGARTEN: Gendarmes used to come around once in a while. Like police, but they\ndidn't do nothing. There was no crime really because the Jewish people just\nlived together ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=1440.0,1470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the same street, doing the same thing--what you're supposed to\ndo. No, they didn't . . . They treated us the same.\n\nKENT: When did the Holocaust begin for you?\n\nWEINGARTEN: In 1944.\n\nKENT: What was the first thing that happened that told you that something was\ndefinitely wrong?\n\nWEINGARTEN: When they took us. There came an order . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=1470.0,1500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"first, in 1942, there\nwas an order about 500 Jews they have to have to get together. They sent them\naway. They never came back. We found out that they killed them somehow. Then in\n1944 . . . We still had 2 years after . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=1500.0,1530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Then came the order for the rest of\nthe Jews to pack up and leave. That's when we came in.\n\nKENT: So you grabbed what you could and headed to the train station?\n\nWEINGARTEN: No, they took us to the schoolhouse. This is where they gathered all\nthe rest of the Jewish people . . . until everybody was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=1530.0,1560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there. They had a list\nof names. After that, there were trucks, I believe, that took us to the ghetto\nacross the bridge. We had water going . . . and you crossed the bridge--it\nwasn't long. This is where we got together. They put us in houses.\n\nKENT: Did they tell you what was going to happen?\n\nWEINGARTEN: Nothing.\n\nKENT: No other ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=1560.0,1590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"instructions?\n\nWEINGARTEN: Nothing.\n\nKENT: What was day-to-day life like in the ghetto?\n\nWEINGARTEN: I worked there. Everybody had a little job. They didn't bring in\nfood. For some reason . . . I don't know what happened. I don't remember. The\npeople used to cook something. I worked in a big city ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=1590.0,1620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"called Maramarossziget.\nThat's in Hungarian. I worked there. It was by a family that moved from us away\nto there. I worked there. Something happened . . . I can't remember what\nhappened. We left and we went home before Passover in 1944. This is when it\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=1620.0,1650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"happened. When we were in the ghetto, we got a package from that family who was\nstill in Maramarossziget, at home. They sent a package with food. I don't know\nwhy it got there. We had some food to eat.\n\nKENT: What was the approximate date? Do you know at all when the ghetto period was?\n\nWEINGARTEN: It ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=1650.0,1680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was early March to June . . . end of February I think it was when\nthey took us away. Middle of June, they took us to Auschwitz-Birkenau.\n\nKENT: Your whole family was together until that point?\n\nWEINGARTEN: All the time.\n\nKENT: What was the day like ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=1680.0,1710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when they told you to leave? How did that work?\n\nWEINGARTEN: We just left. There was nothing . . . They came with their guns.\nWhen we got to Auschwitz-Birkenau, they told us to take off our clothes. When\nyou come from home, you don't do that. They went up on a long table--quite a\nfew--with machine guns, and said, \"If you don't take ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=1710.0,1740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"clothes off, we will kill\nyou right here.\" Everybody took clothes off. Everybody got a dress. They took us\nto shave. We didn't want to go. They said they'd kill you right then and there,\nso we go. They had the power, the authority. We didn't.\n\nKENT: Talk a little more about those five days on the train. What do you remember?\n\nWEINGARTEN: Kids were crying. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=1740.0,1770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Babies were crying. We were there about 100 in a\ncattle car, no facilities. A pail was there for . . . Then one day, the train\nstopped. There was another train on the other tracks that threw in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=1770.0,1800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sandwiches.\nThey somehow knew that little window was there. They threw in the sandwiches. It\nwas . . . the people there . . . a little piece better than nothing. That was\nthe five days travelling.\n\nKENT: Were you able to see out the window at all?\n\nWEINGARTEN: Nothing. It was dark.\n\nKENT: What condition were you in? There was no ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=1800.0,1830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"water either?\n\nWEINGARTEN: Very little. Very bad condition. Some people passed out. Some people\njust. It was very bad. Then we had another travel from Auschwitz to Nuremberg\nfive days and five nights. What did they give you? In Auschwitz, we got a little\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=1830.0,1860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"bread. It was called 'Army bread' or something. It was about this long and this\nwide. We just did every day a little piece to last the five . . . We didn't know\nhow long it was going to be, the traveling.\n\nKENT: When the door first opened in Auschwitz -Birkenau, what was your\nimpression of what was going on?\n\nWEINGARTEN: I thought people were ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=1860.0,1890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"crazy, walking around . . . shaved people . . .\n\nKENT: Did anyone talk to you?\n\nWEINGARTEN: No, nothing. We just came out of the trains. They said, \"Leave the\nluggage. We'll get it to you in the rooms.\" Like in a hotel. That was it. That's\nwhen they went to the crematorium--my mom, my dad, my sisters, my brother, their\nchildren. One had four children and my brother had two little ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=1890.0,1920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"girls. Gone.\n\nKENT: They shaved you and gave you clothes?\n\nWEINGARTEN: One dress. Not clothes--one dress.\n\nKENT: What happened right after that?\n\nWEINGARTEN: Nothing really. We just walked aimlessly. We didn't know where we\nwere. We didn't know what was happening. Once a week, they took us to the shower\nand gave us another ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=1920.0,1950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"dress. Nothing.\n\nKENT: Were all the people in the barrack from the same countries or were they\nall mixed together?\n\nWEINGARTEN: Mixed. Different countries. Our toilet was one long room with cement\nthings and holes. Men was going up and down. Whoever needed to do . . . it was\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=1950.0,1980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"nothing. We were animals. They really made animals out of us.\n\nKENT: At what point did you start working there?\n\nWEINGARTEN: We were in a barrack and they told us to get out. They needed 50\nwomen. We went out and worked. Then we came back and somebody else went out. We\nworked the whole ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=1980.0,2010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"time. Many of the times we were like nothing.\n\nKENT: Where you with your sisters the whole time or did you get separated?\n\nWEINGARTEN: I was with my four sisters together. We were holding hands. Of\ncourse, there was a lot of bombs falling on Nuremberg, on Auschwitz-Birkenau\ntoo. But they didn't bomb us. We had ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=2010.0,2040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"shrapnel . . . They came from some place.\nThen in Nuremberg, we used to have bunkers. They took us in the bunkers. When we\ncame out, the barracks were gone--all burned. We lived like animals. A piece of\nbread that big for the day and a small baked potato. That was the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=2040.0,2070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"daily food for us.\n\nKENT: Do you remember what the camp sounded like when you were outside?\n\nWEINGARTEN: Just looking. Doing nothing. Just looking. Transports came in every\nday from different places. We were all praying, like holidays. We had a prayer\nbook. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=2070.0,2100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A transport came in and they threw in a prayer book. We did what we were\nsupposed to do because we were Orthodox people.\n\nKENT: Everyone in that barrack was Jewish?\n\nWEINGARTEN: All of them. One night, we looked out. They took gypsies. They were\nold men, and young men, and children, and babies, and bigger ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=2100.0,2130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ones . . . I was\nwondering, \"How did those people survive with their kids?\" Our people didn't\nsurvive. One day, they killed them all. They cleaned them up.\n\nKENT: How did you know that?\n\nWEINGARTEN: It was empty. Then we found out they cleaned them up. They killed\nthem all. The place was empty next to ours. Our places were like a street, all\nwith electric ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=2130.0,2160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"wires. The wires were about six feet tall, maybe taller . . . Then\nthere was this much rope or something away from the electric fences. If you went\ncloser, you were dead. A lot of people, the mothers that they took away the\nchildren . . . you saw them on the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=2160.0,2190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"fences, dead. They wouldn't survive.\n\nKENT: How did it affect you to see death?\n\nWEINGARTEN: You stepped over them. We figured if we survive today, we are not\ngoing to survive tomorrow. You took it like it was supposed to be like that.\nThat was it.\n\nKENT: Do you remember any of the smells?\n\nWEINGARTEN: It smelled ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=2190.0,2220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from the chimneys. It smelled like humans. The smoke\nlooked to me like human figures coming out from the crematoriums. We had, I\nthink, about six or eight crematoriums. They needed a lot of crematoriums\nbecause there were a lot of people that had to be eliminated.\n\nKENT: What did the women talk ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=2220.0,2250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about at night when it was sort of quiet?\n\nWEINGARTEN: They talked of home, of food, of being hungry . . . When we got to\nNuremberg, we had already a little bit more food than in Auschwitz-Birkenau.\nAfter Nuremberg, they took us away to Mehltheuer. We weren't finished yet. In\nMehltheuer, we were about ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=2250.0,2280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"six or seven weeks. We worked in another factory. I\ndon't know what we made. We made pieces like . . . They looked like hatchets,\nwhen you chop up something . . . pieces of steel. They used them for something.\nI don't know for what. I worked at four machines. From there, they wanted us\naway. We didn't want to go. This is ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=2280.0,2310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where the place was-- Mehltheuer.\n\nKENT: Do you want to continue what we were saying about the extreme anti-Jewish mentality?\n\nWEINGARTEN: Yes.\n\nKENT: The butcher shop scene that you mentioned . . . that was before 1933?\n\nWEINGARTEN: Yes. I was a little girl. This is what is in my mind. It never left\nmy mind.\n\nKENT: It sounds like they had a very strong ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=2310.0,2340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"hatred toward Jews before Hitler's influence.\n\nWEINGARTEN: They was always against Jews, always. I told you when I went to\nschool and was a little girl, they used to call after us, \"Lazy . . . lousy\nJews,\" and all those names.\n\nKENT: Lusta zsidó?\n\nWEINGARTEN: But we passed a church and my mother told us, \"Don't look at the\nchurch. That's not Jewish, Orthodox.\" ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=2340.0,2370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's what I remember. And we didn't. One\ntime I peeked. I saw chandeliers and I saw a lot of . . .\n\nKENT: You briefly mentioned that Romania had a king.\n\nWEINGARTEN: We were under a king. Hungarians were coming back. My mother used to\nsay, \"Don't ask for a better king or whoever, because you never know who you're\ngoing to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=2370.0,2400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"get.\" King Carol wasn't for the Jews. Somehow, he left and the\nRomanians left. Then the Hungarians came back in. We welcomed the Hungarians\nwith a big sign, \"Welcome.\" This is when they said, \"Hitler is coming upon you\nJews . . .\" This is when we found out first what, something he ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=2400.0,2430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"said . . . made\nsome sense what's going to happen. And it did. Then the Germans came in. The\nHungarians gave us over to the Germans no problem.\n\nKENT: Did your parents ever discuss that things were getting tougher and tougher\nand \"Maybe we should leave or do something\"?\n\nWEINGARTEN: Nothing. My father was in the United States two years before the\nFirst ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=2430.0,2460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"World War. He left my mother with a little girl. To take her out to the\nUnited States after he established himself. But my mother had her mother and she\nwouldn't leave her mother. My mother had four brothers in the United States that\ncame before the First World War. My father didn't like it here. It wasn't kosher\nenough. I don't ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=2460.0,2490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"know. He came back. That's what we were told. He came back and\nwent to the Army. I don't know which Army it was then. It must have been under\nAustria-Hungary. He was a paramedic. I'm repeating. He knew a little bit of what\nto do if a child gets sick. We had a country doctor ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=2490.0,2520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"also. The hospital was about\nten kilometers away. A few of my sisters had appendicitis. They cleaned it up\nthere. Other than that, it was just making a living.\n\nKENT: Before you were all taken away, what plans did you have for your adult\nlife? You were about 18, 19 or ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=2520.0,2550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"20.\n\nWEINGARTEN: None because we are not going to live. We knew we were not going to survive.\n\nKENT: Even in the early 1940's . . .\n\nWEINGARTEN: In the 1940's.\n\nKENT: Before . . .\n\nWEINGARTEN: Before? No. We were okay. We were working. I had a job.\n\nKENT: What were you expecting for your adult life?\n\nWEINGARTEN: Not much. Just come in and take it as it is. That's it. We took it.\nThey took us ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=2550.0,2580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and destroyed our lives.\n\nKENT: Did you finish high school or the equivalent?\n\nWEINGARTEN: Nothing. We didn't have high school. You had to go to the city for\nhigh school. Just elementary school. I went to the United States school. When I\ncame here, I was twenty-five. I went to night school a couple ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=2580.0,2610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of years. I\nlearned to spell, write a letter, read, and understand, comprehend everything. I\ndo okay.\n\nKENT: Let's go back to Auschwitz-Birkenau again. We're jumping around a little.\nWho were the leaders in the block?\n\nWEINGARTEN: Okay. We had SS women.\n\nKENT: Were they German or Polish?\n\nWEINGARTEN: They were all German, but I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=2610.0,2640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"understood. The food . . . We had soup\nAuschwitz-Birkenau. Everybody had a little bit. They were SS women.\n\nKENT: What were they like?\n\nWEINGARTEN: If you did anything wrong, they killed you. There was no other way.\nAuschwitz-Birkenau was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=2640.0,2670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a death camp. You don't survive from there. I don't know\nhow we survived. When some people ask me, \"How did you survive?\" I tell them G-d\nhad a plan for me, for us. I got married. I had two children. I got three\ngrandchildren. I got one great-grand baby. That's why he let me live. I still\nbelieve in G-d.\n\nKENT: When were you closest to death?\n\nWEINGARTEN: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=2670.0,2700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Every day. There was no day to say, \"I'm going to be saved.\"\nNothing. Because you couldn't escape from the electric fences. The SS were in\nthe towers watching everything. We just didn't . . . One time, we were in the\nfactories. I was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=2700.0,2730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with a sister in one factory. My two other sisters were next in\nanother building. The bombs were falling. They took us in the basement. Being in\nthe basement, we were along the wall. The pressure from the bombs threw us to\nthe other wall in the same building. When it was over, it took two hours for\npeople . . . They knew there were some ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=2730.0,2760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"people here in that factory. It took two\nhours to make a . . . the windows or whatever, to pull us one by one from the\nfactory. When I was out already and walking to the place where we were sleeping,\nI saw the building where my other sisters were on fire. They survived. Then\nthere were people . . . We ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=2760.0,2790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were kind of young and inexperienced. People were on\nbicycles there. They wanted to know . . . Maybe if we would have told them . . .\nWe were not supervised at the time. If we had told them we were in a\nconcentration camp, maybe they would have helped us escape. But we didn't say\nnothing because we were afraid.\n\nKENT: Can you think of any times where you had to make a decision that saved\nyour ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=2790.0,2820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"life? Where there ever moments where you thought, \"Either I go this way or\nthat way. Either I say this or I don't say that\"?\n\nWEINGARTEN: No. You had no say in nothing. You were just an animal there. When\nthey took us out from Auschwitz-Birkenau, going to the right to the crematoriums\nand those people came . . . Had they come a few minutes later, we would all have\nbeen gassed. This is how we were saved then.\n\nKENT: Maybe explain that. I don't think you've said that yet.\n\nWEINGARTEN: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=2820.0,2850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We were 500 girls taken out from Auschwitz-Birkenau. They told us,\n\"500 girls.\" Most of them we knew each other from der Appell, standing outside\ncounting us. When they took us out from Auschwitz-Birkenau, took us to the right\nto the crematoriums. SS, of course. Took us. You couldn't escape there. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=2850.0,2880.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Then two\nSS people--men--came and stopped us. We were walking to the crematorium. They\ntook papers to show to the SS that those people are going to work. We were\nchosen. We were rented. I don't know how. The Siemens company got us. They took\nus, turned us around. We went to the train ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=2880.0,2910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"station. They put us in the cattle\ncars. This is how we survived Auschwitz-Birkenau's crematoriums.\n\nKENT: That was the day you all went to Germany from there?\n\nWEINGARTEN: Yes.\n\nEINSTEIN: How do you feel about Siemens Company?\n\nWEINGARTEN: They made good on us. After, we found out we worked for the Siemens\nCompany and made our papers. They didn't pay us enough . . . The Siemens ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=2910.0,2940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"didn't\ntake us to the concentration camps. They needed our work for the war. Like I\nsaid, I worked on motors for airplanes for Siemens. But they did pay us some\nmoney after the war. We found out we worked for Siemens, we made our papers, and\nthey gave us some money.\n\nKENT: When you all left Auschwitz-Birkenau, did you ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=2940.0,2970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"know vaguely where you were going?\n\nWEINGARTEN: Nothing. They didn't tell us nothing. When we were in Nuremberg,\nGermany, the bombs were falling day and night. Our camp was across from a\ncemetery. They couldn't bury enough people. People that lived there bombed, and\ngot killed, and we still survived.\n\nKENT: What kind of a camp or facility was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=2970.0,3000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that?\n\nWEINGARTEN: Just a barrack with single beds and mattresses from straw. It was\nokay. We were always in the bunkers because the bombs were falling. This is\nwhere we worked filling up the big holes.\n\nKENT: Craters?\n\nWEINGARTEN: Yes.\n\nKENT: Was there a name for that particular place in Nuremberg?\n\nWEINGARTEN: Nothing. We found out it was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=3000.0,3030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Nuremberg. I told you--we were animals.\nWe didn't see a paper. We didn't read nothing. We didn't know nothing. Whatever\nhappened, every day the same thing.\n\nKENT: Was there ever any contact with people outside the camp?\n\nWEINGARTEN: No, of course not. I don't know if they--the people living\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=3030.0,3060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"outside--knew what was happening. I don't know.\n\nKENT: Did you have the striped uniforms? What kind of clothes did they have?\n\nWEINGARTEN: My husband . . . I have someplace a paper to show you . . . My\nhusband had the striped suit. I still have the paper. I got it the other day\nfrom California from a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=3060.0,3090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"cousin. They wore. You knew is what they were. We wore\nthe same thing, just a dress and that's it.\n\nKENT: Did you have an identification number?\n\nWEINGARTEN: Yes. When we came into Auschwitz-Birkenau, the numbers they didn't\ndo anymore--the tattoos. But we had a number. It was 4-4-8-5-5. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=3090.0,3120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I remember the\nnumber that I had on my dress: 4-4-8-5-5. That's about 70 . . . How many years?\n\nKENT: That would be a hard thing to forget. How long did the Nuremberg phase go on?\n\nWEINGARTEN: We were glad to go away from there after they took us away because\nthe ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=3120.0,3150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"bombs were falling. First, we knew they were going to bomb, because they\ncame and they made pictures. Some planes were going by. That's what they told\nus. I don't know why they bombed our place because we were the Jews there.\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=3150.0,3180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Afterwards, they took us away because the Americans were coming closer or some\nRussians. I don't know what happened. In Nuremberg, in the bunkers, we met\nAmerican soldiers. They were captured somehow. We couldn't communicate, but they\nhad a map and they said, \"Russian here. American here.\" A little information we\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=3180.0,3210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"got from them. When the Americans came in, they took right away the captured\nsoldiers with them. We were going away. They took us away to Mehltheuer. That is\nwhere we were liberated.\n\nKENT: Where was that town approximately?\n\nWEINGARTEN: Near Plauen. I don't know. We didn't have any geography, or any\nknowledge, or ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=3210.0,3240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"anything. We lived like animals.\n\nKENT: Was that a town, or a camp, or a factory?\n\nWEINGARTEN: It was in a factory. We lived in the factory. It was a small\ncommunity. Down were tracks with German soldiers. We were in the factory\nupstairs on the third floor. One ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=3240.0,3270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"time, I was looking out the window and a plane\ncame as close . . . almost as the building. They were shooting at the train, at\nthe German soldiers. We were . . . We still survived. We didn't know what was\nhappening. I can still see the plane open up a door or something on the plane\nand shooting out ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=3270.0,3300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the train where the soldiers were.\n\nKENT: When you were back in Auschwitz-Birkenau, were you ever aware of any kind\nof underground activity or information passing? No gossip?\n\nWEINGARTEN: Nothing.\n\nKENT: What kind of Jewish life, if any, did you all have?\n\nWEINGARTEN: Nothing. We had a prayer book. We knew ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=3300.0,3330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"approximately when a holiday\ncame. We were praying there. On Yom Kippur, we didn't have any food but we were\nfasting. On Yom Kippur, they burned more Jews than ever--on the holidays. We\nfound that out.\n\nKENT: You said earlier that you believed in G-d . . .\n\nWEINGARTEN: I still believe.\n\nKENT: It's maybe a delicate subject . . .\n\nWEINGARTEN: My husband ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=3330.0,3360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"didn't because he was four and a half years and he lost\nhis whole family. When my children were born, I educated them in Hebrew. Hebrew\nschool, and Sunday school, and whatever they needed to be educated. I know how\nto read Hebrew and I know how to write a Jewish letter because my mother made\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=3360.0,3390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sure that we know.\n\nKENT: Did your beliefs give you a sense of purpose or that you'd be saved? What\ndid that belief . . .\n\nWEINGARTEN: We couldn't be saved. I don't know how we were saved. We were just\nwaiting every day to be transported to the crematorium. Dr. Mengele came every\nday and took people from us.\n\nEINSTEIN: I'm sorry to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=3390.0,3420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"interrupt, but were you ever angry at G-d?\n\nWEINGARTEN: We just asked where he was. That's what we did. We said, \"Where is\nG-d? Where is he?\" Six million Jews and he let them all just be . . . Hitler. He\ncommitted suicide after. Who knows? I don't care. I don't know. But all the\nJews! Six million ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=3420.0,3450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jews. So where was G-d? That right. That's it. The questions\nwere there, but there were no answers.\n\nEINSTEIN: How do you live with the fact that there's no answer? What do you make\nof that?\n\nWEINGARTEN: I've got two children that I pray for them to be well and happy. I\ngot three grandchildren and the same thing. And I have an itsy bitsy little\ntwo-year-old. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=3450.0,3480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's it. I wouldn't talk against G-d because I'm superstitious.\nI'm afraid. I just don't want to say nothing.\n\nKENT: Was there any sense that some people were more worthy of staying alive?\nOften after a tornado or some traumatic event, people say, \"Well, G-d saved me.\nIt's a miracle,\" and that sort of thing.\n\nWEINGARTEN: It was a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=3480.0,3510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"miracle that we are alive. It is a miracle. Maybe--just\nmaybe--he thought that he'd let so many people go and just save a few. Thank G-d\nwe are multiplying. We are. We're having babies and they have babies. The Jewish\npopulation is coming back, I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=3510.0,3540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"hope. I know. My sisters have children. My brother\nhas children.\n\nKENT: Going back to that last factory where you were. How long did that period\nlast before liberation?\n\nWEINGARTEN: Just about six or seven weeks. From there, they wanted us to leave\nand we didn't want to go.\n\nKENT: Sounds like March and April 1945?\n\nWEINGARTEN: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=3540.0,3570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yes.\n\nKENT: They were going to march you out?\n\nWEINGARTEN: Yes, away from the liberation places. When we were liberated . . .\n\nKENT: How could you talk back to the soldiers or the SS?\n\nWEINGARTEN: No. It was a Lagerältester, a woman who spoke German. We didn't.\nShe was like a foreman. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=3570.0,3600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They made her a foreman to take care of us. She\nexplained that they wanted us to leave and we are not going to go. Let them kill\nus here. They were going to kill us anyway.\n\nKENT: It was her decision to say that?\n\nWEINGARTEN: She talked to the SS. That didn't help us. Her name was Lola\nZwiklinska. After 70 some ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=3600.0,3630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"years . . .\n\nKENT: Was that a Polish lady?\n\nWEINGARTEN: Yes, a Jewish Polish lady.\n\nKENT: So you just stayed there until you heard . . .\n\nWEINGARTEN: Until the Americans came in. The SS people stayed and put candles in\nthe windows. They lit candles and put it in the windows so that there was not\ngoing to be ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=3630.0,3660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"fire. Then the tanks came in.\n\nKENT: When you realized, \"The war's finally over today,\" what was that like for you?\n\nWEINGARTEN: That was happiness. That's when we were talking about life, future,\nthings that we were going to do.\n\nKENT: After liberation, did you go to a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=3660.0,3690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"hospital? How did the recovery phase happen?\n\nWEINGARTEN: That was another story. After liberation, we were . . . the Allies\nand the Russians divided places. \"That will belong to the Allies and that's\ngoing to be Russian.\" We were nine girls and three or four ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=3690.0,3720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"boys who were\nliberated and stayed in this place. An American officer came and said, \"All\ngirls have to leave because the Russians are coming to take over and we don't\nwant . . . They like the girls. They can rape you. They can . . . Just come.\"\nThey took us away from there. Then we wound up in Rehau, Germany, on the border\nacross the place from the Russians. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=3720.0,3750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We were in Rehau. We lived there. This is\nwhen I got married. This is when I had my baby.\n\nKENT: How do you spell that town?\n\nWEINGARTEN: R-E-H-A-U.\n\nKENT: Was that Germany?\n\nWEINGARTEN: Yes, that was in Germany.\n\nEINSTEIN: Was that a Displaced Persons camp?\n\nWEINGARTEN: An apartment. We got an apartment. In those days, the Germans gave\nyou an apartment. They knew that something happened. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=3750.0,3780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We deserved something. We\ngot an apartment.\n\nKENT: What were the interactions with the German civilians like after the war?\n\nWEINGARTEN: They gave us food. They gave us clothes. They gave us everything.\nAnd apartments. They gave everything because they figured we deserved something.\n\nKENT: How did you feel towards them?\n\nWEINGARTEN: You ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=3780.0,3810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"can't describe how you feel because . . . I still feel bad about\nthe Germans. I still do. When I hear something about Germany . . . We had a\nspeaker, a rabbi, where we live here. For some reason, he chose to speak about\nGermany. I don't know ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=3810.0,3840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"why. I walked out and I never go to hear him. He comes\nevery month. I don't want to hear him. That's the way we feel.\n\nKENT: Was there any urge for revenge or to yell at them after the war?\n\nWEINGARTEN: They were still the Germans. We were still a minority there. You\ncouldn't do nothing--just live and they let you live. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=3840.0,3870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They gave you food,\nclothing . . .\n\nKENT: Was there any kind of organized help at the time, like the United Nations\nRelief and Rehabilitation Administration or Jewish groups?\n\nWEINGARTEN: A lot of people came from Poland. We had a place--a displaced\npersons place. We were in an apartment. The people that came from across the\nborders stayed there until they got their apartments. We were about 80 people in\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=3870.0,3900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that little community. It was nice.\n\nKENT: All of your sisters?\n\nWEINGARTEN: Yes, and Holocaust people--survivors.\n\nKENT: What are the names of those sisters?\n\nWEINGARTEN: Goldie, Ester, Helen, and Perl, and Erwin, my brother--he's still\nalive, thank G-d.\n\nKENT: What was day-to-day life like in that apartment?\n\nWEINGARTEN: Nothing. We just ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=3900.0,3930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"lived. We had parties and we had dances. Just\nnormal activities.\n\nKENT: How did you go about becoming human again?\n\nWEINGARTEN: It didn't take too much. You were liberated. You were a human being\nagain. It didn't take much.\n\nKENT: How did you trust people again?\n\nWEINGARTEN: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=3930.0,3960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Just the Jews. We were with the Jews.\n\nEINSTEIN: Helen, while you were in Auschwitz-Birkenau and the other places, how\ndid the Jewish people generally react to each other? How were the relationships?\nWere they always good or were they under stress?\n\nWEINGARTEN: We were always under stress but nobody talked about nothing else but\nfood. We ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=3960.0,3990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were always hungry there. That's about it. Everybody was in the same boat.\n\nEINSTEIN: Were they supportive or did people just not pay any attention to you?\n\nWEINGARTEN: Not paying attention to nobody. They were for themselves. They\nwalked around aimlessly, everybody. They didn't know where they were, what they\nwere doing, what they were going to do, nothing.\n\nEINSTEIN: Did you make friends with other women or just your sisters?\n\nWEINGARTEN: No, we made . . . We slept on those ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=3990.0,4020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"little . . . we called it \"beds\"\n. . . lumber. We were sleeping there and, sure, we talked to the people.\n\nKENT: Did you feel you could open up to other people or were you always keeping\nyour distance?\n\nWEINGARTEN: You didn't open up because they had the same thing. They were going\nthrough the same thing as I did and the rest of us.\n\nKENT: How much did people help each other if somebody was sick, or hurt, or fell down?\n\nWEINGARTEN: They took them away to the crematorium. There was no ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=4020.0,4050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"problem. I knew\nI was next, so I wasn't worried. I wasn't scared. I knew I was next.\n\nKENT: Was there ever any stealing or fighting?\n\nWEINGARTEN: There was no stealing, no fighting. There was nothing to steal from.\nNothing. They had nothing and I had nothing.\n\nEINSTEIN: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=4050.0,4080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You were saying there were no decisions you could make--you couldn't\nsay \"yes\" and you couldn't say, \"no.\" So right after liberation, when you\nfinally started to become a human being again, how did you know how to make decisions?\n\nWEINGARTEN: It comes natural to you. We got material. We went to a dressmaker.\nShe made our clothes. We went to a store. We got some money from the\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=4080.0,4110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Germans--Marks. We started a normal life.\n\nEINSTEIN: Did you feel hopeful or were you depressed?\n\nWEINGARTEN: Hopeful. Depressed was something else. The depression is still on\nbecause I still have nightmares. I'm running, they are taking a way a baby of\nmine. That's the depression, but we did make it . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=4110.0,4140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We were hoping.\n\nKENT: When did you meet your husband?\n\nWEINGARTEN: In 1946.\n\nKENT: In that town?\n\nWEINGARTEN: He came back from Poland. He looked for family. I think he found a\nsister. He came back and he was in that place where they organized for the\ndisplaced people that came from other places. He stayed ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=4140.0,4170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there. He got an\napartment. We met at dances. We got married.\n\nKENT: What was his name? Tell us a little about him.\n\nWEINGARTEN: His name was Isak Weingarten. He was . . . We were waiting till . .\n. We wanted to go to Israel. But when we got married and I got ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=4170.0,4200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"pregnant . . .\nThey wouldn't take pregnant people on the ships. You know what happened with the\n. . . They turned around. They turned away the ships. Then I had family in the\nUnited States. We wanted to come here, but like I said before: the quotas were.\nThen Truman became president. We started to work and we made our life ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=4200.0,4230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"here.\n\nKENT: What did Israel or Palestine mean to you?\n\nWEINGARTEN: It meant a lot. When my son was born, this is when the state was\nborn--Israel. We had celebrations. We marched in the street. We were singing and\ndancing--just happy. We had a state, a country.\n\nKENT: You ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=4230.0,4260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"left Europe in 1949?\n\nWEINGARTEN: We came here in 1949. Yes.\n\nKENT: There were four years you stayed in Germany. What were those first years\nin Germany like?\n\nWEINGARTEN: Nothing. We lived there. We were happy. We were alive. There were no\ncrematoriums for us, no SS anymore. We were alive. We ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=4260.0,4290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"lived. They gave us\nclothes. They gave us material. We went to dressmakers. We had shoes. We had everything.\n\nKENT: How did you go about leaving? What was the final point? You came to\nAmerica because the quota came through . . .\n\nWEINGARTEN: I had an uncle. I came to an uncle. He signed the papers for me. He\nhad a friend whose name was also ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=4290.0,4320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Weingarten. The two of the families--we were\nrelated to the Weingartens--we came to the United States. We got an apartment\nand we got jobs.\n\nKENT: Which city did you get to first?\n\nWEINGARTEN: Loraine, Ohio.\n\nKENT: Ohio. That's where your uncle was?\n\nWEINGARTEN: My uncle had a lumberyard there.\n\nKENT: What are your ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=4320.0,4350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"first memories of being in America?\n\nWEINGARTEN: No language, of course . . . no money. The apartments at that time\nwere rent controlled, which is low rent. My husband got a job in the steel\nfactory because he didn't speak any ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=4350.0,4380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"English--none of us did. Then we started to\nlearn. I went to school.\n\nKENT: What condition was your husband in? You said he was in the camps for four\nand a half years.\n\nWEINGARTEN: Four and a half years, yes.\n\nKENT: What was he like at the end of the war?\n\nWEINGARTEN: Same thing.\n\nKENT: I mean mentally more than physically.\n\nWEINGARTEN: Mentally, yes . . . Well, you had to make . . . You have to live.\nYou have to start living.\n\nKENT: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=4380.0,4410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Can you tell us a little about his story briefly?\n\nWEINGARTEN: All I know is that he was in the camps for four and a half years. He\nwas in a lot more places than I was. I never knew him before. I only met him\nafter the war.\n\nKENT: Which city was he from originally?\n\nWEINGARTEN: He was from Sosnowiec, Poland. He was born in Niwka, in a little\ncommunity. Then he moved to Sosnowiec with his family. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=4410.0,4440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They killed his parents\njust like mine. Then he didn't believe in G-d. It bothered me a lot, but I kept\nit going with the children, with Hebrew school, with Sunday school, with\nholidays, with Temple, with synagogues . . . I did that.\n\nKENT: What was his personality and attitude like?\n\nWEINGARTEN: He didn't care. He just didn't care about ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=4440.0,4470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it because, \"What did G-d\ndo for me?\" That's the way he was.\n\nKENT: In Ohio, he was working in the steel factory and you had one child?\n\nWEINGARTEN: I had one child in Ohio because we didn't know where we were going\nto be. He was older than I was. That's the way it was. Everybody tried to make a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=4470.0,4500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"home.\n\nKENT: How much did the locals reach out to you and try to make you feel at home?\n\nWEINGARTEN: Here in the States?\n\nKENT: Yes, in Ohio.\n\nWEINGARTEN: They welcomed us. There was a committee.\n\nKENT: Was there any kind of a Jewish community there?\n\nWEINGARTEN: Yes, the Jewish community welcomed us. They had a lady president\nthere belonged to Hadassah, to the Sisterhood . . . a life ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=4500.0,4530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"life.\n\nKENT: Were American Jews any different than the Jewish life you knew in Europe?\n\nWEINGARTEN: Sort of. I don't know if they were different because I left when I\nwas young. Here, I came and I was older. I didn't know the language, and I\ndidn't know where I was, and how it's going to be . . .\n\nKENT: How did you ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=4530.0,4560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"communicate with people those first few years?\n\nWEINGARTEN: A lot of people spoke Jewish and a lot of people spoke Hungarian,\nwhich I did. I spoke Polish. Czechoslovakian I knew but I don't know anymore\nbecause I haven't used it in so many years. I can't use Rumenish. I went to a\nRumenish school and I didn't speak Rumenish. I forgot it. But I speak ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=4560.0,4590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hungarian,\nI speak German, I speak Jewish, I speak English now . . . I can communicate in\nPolish and a little bit of Hebrew . . . Just a little here, a little there . . .\nI could get by wherever I would be.\n\nKENT: The differences between American culture, American society, American\npeople, and Europe.\n\nWEINGARTEN: It is different.\n\nKENT: What differences did you notice when you were ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=4590.0,4620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"adjusting here?\n\nWEINGARTEN: It is a lot different. The people are nice but that has nothing to\ndo with . . . It's a different life. You have to adjust wherever you go. When\nyou are in Italy, you do what the Italians do. We did exactly what we were\nsupposed to do. They approached us for Hadassah. We joined. They approached us\nfor ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=4620.0,4650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Sisterhood when the kids started Sunday school. We joined the Sisterhood. We\njoined the synagogue. We did everything that would do. Then we learned to speak\nthe language. When the child gets to play outside, he comes in with \"yes\" and\n\"no\" and all those little things. You learn. Then you have television.\n\nKENT: How much did the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=4650.0,4680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"people around you know of what you and your husband had experienced?\n\nWEINGARTEN: Some people didn't care to listen and some people wanted to know. I\nlectured in the synagogue--there was a lot of people there--and in a couple of\nchurches, high schools . . .\n\nKENT: This was back in the 1950's or ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=4680.0,4710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"more recently?\n\nWEINGARTEN: I've been here . . . In Fort Lauderdale, I didn't. In Clearwater, I\nstill lectured once because I came from Ohio. In Ohio, I lectured a few places.\n\nKENT: When did you leave Ohio?\n\nWEINGARTEN: Twenty-six years ago.\n\nKENT: You stayed in Loraine?\n\nWEINGARTEN: In Loraine, Ohio. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=4710.0,4740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Thirty-seven years.\n\nKENT: That's when you went to Fort Lauderdale?\n\nWEINGARTEN: My son had an office in Clearwater. My husband needed bypass\nsurgeries and all that. He needed to walk and in the winter, we couldn't. He\nsaid, \"Dad, come.\" I said, \"I'll have to see.\" I wasn't crazy about Florida at\nfirst. I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=4740.0,4770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"had hot flashes. That wasn't for me. But to save my husband's life, I\ncame. He retired at that time. We came to Florida. When he passed away and my\nson moved away to Saint Petersburg, I came to Fort Lauderdale.\n\nKENT: Had you been back to Europe over the years?\n\nWEINGARTEN: Not Europe, no. I went back to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=4770.0,4800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ohio. I went to two weddings, three\nbar mitzvahs, and a bat mitzvah . . . from the family. I went from Florida.\n\nKENT: Since 1949, you haven't wanted to go back to Europe?\n\nWEINGARTEN: No. There was nothing for me to go back to. My brother--the one who\npassed away--went back and he said, \"The house is gone. They took ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=4800.0,4830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"everything\napart from the village. There's nothing left.\" So why would I go? I've got\nfriends in New York that went home.\n\nKENT: How do you suppose you are different from other immigrants who did not\nexperience that? How is the Holocaust background different?\n\nWEINGARTEN: Than regular people?\n\nKENT: Than just being an immigrant starting in a new country?\n\nWEINGARTEN: It's nothing different. No, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=4830.0,4860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what happened to me happened to me and\nwhat happens to you happens to you. Wherever I came . . . In Ohio, I made\nfriends. In Clearwater, I made friends. In Fort Lauderdale, I left friends. Here\nI made a couple of good friends. I always make friends wherever I am. Everybody\nwould say, \"Oh, you're going to move? You're going to make friends. You're easy\nto make friends.\" I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=4860.0,4890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"am.\n\nKENT: What qualities do you suppose you had that allowed you to get through that\ncritical year from 1944 to 1945 . . . beyond just luck?\n\nWEINGARTEN: I don't know. Luck. That's all. Luck and a miracle after. Just luck.\nI said before: Dr. Mengele touched me every day, around to see if I was healthy\nenough for work, which I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=4890.0,4920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was. Young people worked. I did.\n\nEINSTEIN: What did it mean to you when you had your first child?\n\nWEINGARTEN: I loved it. It was happiness. It was just one of those things that\nyou can't explain because it's something that you lived to see . . . to have a\nbaby. You ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=4920.0,4950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"didn't believe that before. You couldn't believe it.\n\nEINSTEIN: When you were learning to be a mother, did you miss not having your\nmother to teach you? What were the thoughts you had during those years?\n\nWEINGARTEN: I was very sick when I was pregnant with my children. With my\ndaughter, I was three months in the hospital. I had thyroid problems and they\ndidn't know. That was 60 years ago. With my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=4950.0,4980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"son, it was probably the same thing,\nbut after the three months I was okay. I had the babies. I think I did a good\njob. One is a doctor and one is a teacher.\n\nEINSTEIN: Did you talk to them about your experiences when they were growing up?\n\nWEINGARTEN: Not in the beginning. They were about 10 or 12 years old. I just\ncouldn't ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=4980.0,5010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"do that--to put it on them to know what their mother went through or\ntheir father. But they told me they heard it from other people. If I didn't tell\nthem, somebody else.\n\nEINSTEIN: Did you and your husband have similar or different views about\nteaching your children about the war?\n\nWEINGARTEN: My husband . . . I taught my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=5010.0,5040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"children in Hebrew school and Sunday\nschool, which he didn't care. He said, \"You do good in high school and college\nand make something of your self--what we didn't.\" They did. We put them through colleges.\n\nEINSTEIN: He was interested in them getting the education that had been denied\nto him?\n\nWEINGARTEN: Yes, that's right.\n\nKENT: What kind of education did you continue once you came here?\n\nWEINGARTEN: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=5040.0,5070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I went to night school to learn. First, I had to become a citizen.\nYou needed some history. You needed to write a little bit, spelling . . . I\nlearned that and I learned the comprehension . . . You live here and you learn.\nI did the best I could. I'm not a scholar, but it's enough for me. What I need,\nI ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=5070.0,5100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have.\n\nEINSTEIN: What do you think about being in America?\n\nWEINGARTEN: Oh, G-d. You don't know. If you are not coming from there, you don't\nknow how to appreciate America. We had a friend. She taught me how to play\nMahjong. One time, we were in her van--she picked us up to go play. We were\ntalking about something. I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=5100.0,5130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"said, \"Here, I live like I'm a millionaire.\" She\nstopped the station wagon. She was about 300 pounds. She started to laugh and\ncouldn't stop because I'm a millionaire. I have a refrigerator. I have a\ntelevision. I have a toilet indoors--not outside. Excuse my talking. I have a\ntoaster. I have all those little things--a washer, a dryer--that you don't\nabout. It's just ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=5130.0,5160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there. When I told her all about what I have that I didn't\nhave, then she understood.\n\nKENT: I'm curious. You said you haven't had any desire to go back to Romania?\nIsn't there any kind of nostalgia for your youth, where you think, \"This is\nwhere I grew up?\"\n\nWEINGARTEN: Nothing. Three-quarters of the people I knew are dead. The rest of\nthem are in New York, or ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=5160.0,5190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Cleveland, California, or Florida . . . No. I have no desire.\n\nKENT: Do you feel Hungarian or Romanian?\n\nWEINGARTEN: I feel a Jew. That's all. I have no desire. Never have. Now I don't\ntravel any more. When my daughter moved to Atlanta, I came about fifty times. I\nflew in from ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=5190.0,5220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ohio and from Florida to visit. Then she met this young man--an\nAtlanta boy--and got married and had a beautiful wedding. I came here. I didn't\ncome to Atlanta. I came to her. I don't know about Atlanta. Now I live here and\nI still don't know Atlanta.\n\nEINSTEIN: Helen, you've said that you've spent a lot of time and energy and it's\nimportant to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=5220.0,5250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you to speak to groups of students about your experiences. What do\nyou want them to learn about your experiences? What do you try to tell them?\n\nWEINGARTEN: They have to know what happened to the Jews and to me, being a\nJew--for nothing else, just for being a Jew. They have to know . . . It can't\nhappen again. We don't know. They ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=5250.0,5280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have to know what happened. Maybe they can\nprevent something. I don't know. We didn't. Everybody says, \"You didn't have a\ngun? You didn't shoot back?\" No, you didn't. I hope that they learn from me not\nto have to go through something like this.\n\nKENT: To what extent do you think the Germans and the rest of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=5280.0,5310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Europe are\ngenuinely remorseful and have changed? How much do you trust that?\n\nWEINGARTEN: I don't trust them. I don't even trust the Hungarians because they\ndid the same thing. They told them, \"Take the Jews.\" They took the Jews.\nEverything--like little babies--the Germans told them what to do and they did. I\ndon't ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=5310.0,5340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"trust them either, but the Germans I never will trust. Everybody has to\nknow what the Germans did to us.\n\nEINSTEIN: Why do you think they did it?\n\nWEINGARTEN: Because we were Jews. I don't know why. He wanted to just eliminate\nthe Jews. That's it.\n\nKENT: How about the Romanians and Hungarians? That was separate from Hitler.\n\nWEINGARTEN: The Hungarians weren't so either. I lived with the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=5340.0,5370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hungarians\nbecause the Romanians wasn't long there. Nobody liked the Jews--nobody--but some\npeople just kept it to themselves and some people just did it.\n\nKENT: Do you think it was because Jews do not believe in Jesus?\n\nWEINGARTEN: Maybe it was because we don't believe in Jesus . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=5370.0,5400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't know.\nMaybe they said we killed Jesus. You know that story.\n\nKENT: With your Orthodox Jewish upbringing, did they ever talk about that there\nis this 2,000-year-old hostility? What did they teach on that?\n\nWEINGARTEN: No. We were taught that Jesus had nothing to do with us. He was a\nJew also, but, \"We don't believe in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=5400.0,5430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jesus and that's it.\" My mother, my father,\neverybody in my village, nobody believed in Jesus. Maybe that did it. Who knows?\nThey just wanted to eliminate the Jews.\n\nEINSTEIN: One thing that I wonder: You grow up ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=5430.0,5460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sensing that people hate you. How\ndo you retain your sense of pride and . . .\n\nWEINGARTEN: You still live there and be with the people. You make business with\nthem. You do normal things.\n\nEINSTEIN: But you wanted your children to have a strong sense of being Jewish?\n\nWEINGARTEN: And they do. We had Hebrew school. We had Sunday school. They know\nhow to read Hebrew. They know . . .\n\nEINSTEIN: Was Loraine a large ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=5460.0,5490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"town?\n\nWEINGARTEN: No. Now it is large. When we came, it was about 30,000. Now there's\nabout 200,000.\n\nKENT: What part of Ohio?\n\nWEINGARTEN: Outskirts of Cleveland, the west side.\n\nEINSTEIN: It is part of Cleveland or it is its own place?\n\nWEINGARTEN: It's like a suburb. It's away from Cleveland. I would say about 25\nmiles ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=5490.0,5520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"away, where we lived.\n\nKENT: . . . He lived right around there some place.\n\nWEINGARTEN: He lived right around Lorain. I remember that . . . I know the name.\n\nEINSTEIN: When you think about your experiences now, is there anything in\nparticular that pops into your head? I know when you fall asleep you have some\ntrouble. Over the 65 years ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=5520.0,5550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"since that was over, has anything changed in how you\nthink about it?\n\nWEINGARTEN: Think about what?\n\nEINSTEIN: Your experiences during the war.\n\nWEINGARTEN: You'll always think about it. You can't get that out of your system,\nout of your mind because it was there. It's still there. Thank G-d you didn't\nhave to go through that. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=5550.0,5580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/187","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Having that experience, it stays with you. It stays.\n\nKENT: How do suppose that makes you different? There are memories, but as far as\nhow you see the world, relate to people, your values . . .\n\nWEINGARTEN: I'm not different. People like me. I like people. When I was in the\nhospital, they all asked, \"How's Helen? How's Helen doing?\"\n\nEINSTEIN: It didn't make you ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=5580.0,5610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/188","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"bitter?\n\nWEINGARTEN: Here? Why would I be bitter here? I live here. I enjoy life here.\nI'm in the United States. You don't know . . . in America it's . . . People live\nhere. It's not Europe. If you come from Europe, you know how to appreciate here.\n\nKENT: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=5610.0,5640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/189","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm thinking of examples like my dad. He used to hoard food. He always\nwanted a few months of food stored away just in case. Things so-called 'normal'\npeople wouldn't do.\n\nWEINGARTEN: You mean in Europe?\n\nKENT: Here or things like not wanting to be too openly Jewish. There aren't any\nNazis here but you do not want to be too openly Jewish because you never know\nwhat is going to happen.\n\nWEINGARTEN: You can be Jewish here ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=5640.0,5670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/190","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"openly.\n\nKENT: I don't know what's right or wrong, but there are individual reactions.\n\nWEINGARTEN: I have no idea what people think. If somebody doesn't like me, it's okay.\n\nEINSTEIN: You're going to be you.\n\nWEINGARTEN: I'm still me.\n\nKENT: Did your husband think that you were naïve or just unusually optimistic?\n\nWEINGARTEN: No. He lost a lot of people.\n\nKENT: So did you.\n\nWEINGARTEN: Yes, but I was young. He was older. He was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=5670.0,5700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about 13 years older than\nI was. I thought, \"Maybe he'll take care of me.\" I needed a home. But that's not\nimportant now. No. He also came from a strictly Orthodox. In Europe, they didn't\nknow anything else. He lost everything. His thinking was different than mine.\n\nEINSTEIN: Can you think of an ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=5700.0,5730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"example of how he reacted to something in a way\nthat was different than how you did?\n\nWEINGARTEN: He didn't want to go to the synagogue. We used to fight. He came\nwith me.\n\nKENT: So his convictions changed where yours more or less stayed consistent?\n\nWEINGARTEN: Not exactly stayed. I was Orthodox. I'm Conservative now. He was\nReform. Now you know. He would go to Friday night services ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=5730.0,5760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/193","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at the Reformed shul.\nI went with him just to go.\n\nEINSTEIN: He still wanted to be part of the Jewish community?\n\nWEINGARTEN: Yes, he did. He wanted to be part and we did. We belonged to a\nsynagogue. I'm still a member of Hadassah--a life member in Ohio--and the\nSisterhood. We all did that.\n\nKENT: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=5760.0,5790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/194","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"To bring up the Israel connection again: What's your opinion on the\ncomplaint, \"Why should we have to pay for what Hitler did to you people?\" The\nfolks in the Middle East say, \"What happened to you was your problem. We don't\nhave to pay for it.\"\n\nWEINGARTEN: They don't pay it. Germany is paying for it. They have their own\nproblems there. Germany is . . . not everybody gets . . . I get a pension. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=5790.0,5820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"My\nhusband couldn't get a pension because . . . something went wrong. It's not\nimportant now. But I get a pension now working in the ghetto, money. I got\nvacation money. They approved already for this year vacation money. They pay,\nbut how long are they going to pay? Another ten years? That's it. People ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=5820.0,5850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/196","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are\ndying out--including me. I'm 87 years old. How long do you think I'm . . . I\nwent for an ID Tuesday . . . First, I didn't get it two weeks before. Then my\ndaughter took me. I needed the citizen papers with me. She says, \"Do you need it\nfor five years? $20. Or, eight years? $30.\" I said, \"Give me for the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=5850.0,5880.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"$20. I\ndon't know if I'm going to live for five years first. Then I have time to make\nit after.\" That's the way you think. You are here. You are normal people here.\nNot everybody is normal. Okay. Let's put it this way--people have problems.\nEverybody has problems.\n\nKENT: When you watch news from the Middle East of everything in the last 60\nyears . . .\n\nWEINGARTEN: It affects me like it affects ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=5880.0,5910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you. Same way.\n\nKENT: What does it do to you to see scenes of bombs, and shootings, and\narguments on and on?\n\nWEINGARTEN: The same way as you do.\n\nKENT: What's your view, though?\n\nWEINGARTEN: I'm for Israel a million times, not a hundred. It hurts me when I\nknow an Israeli child gets killed. It breaks my heart because we don't have a\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=5910.0,5940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/199","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"lot. They have a lot--the other countries. I care nobody should get killed, but\nif somebody has to be killed, let them be killed instead of our kids. You got an\nopinion? It's an honest opinion. I hope you didn't tape it!\n\nEINSTEIN: We like honest opinions.\n\nWEINGARTEN: Yes. Everybody has a different opinion.\n\nEINSTEIN: Are you worried about people forgetting about the Holocaust? You\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=5940.0,5970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/200","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"mentioned--and it's true--that the Holocaust survivors are . . .\n\nWEINGARTEN: They're not forgetting.\n\nEINSTEIN: But they won't be around forever.\n\nWEINGARTEN: No, but that's why we are lecturing, that's why I have this paper,\nthat's why we have the tape. I made a tape about three or four years ago and\nit's in every Holocaust place--Washington, New York, Miami, wherever. There is a tape.\n\nKENT: How would just knowing the history ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=5970.0,6000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"prevent it from happening again in some\nother form?\n\nWEINGARTEN: I can't explain that . . . to prevent it from happening again. Who\nknows that? I don't.\n\nEINSTEIN: Do you think the world has learned anything?\n\nWEINGARTEN: Who knows? I don't know. A lot of Jewish people didn't want to hear\nabout it.\n\nKENT: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=6000.0,6030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Why?\n\nWEINGARTEN: I don't know. They just didn't want to hear about it.\n\nEINSTEIN: Do you think that's changed?\n\nWEINGARTEN: I don't know. I doubt it.\n\nKENT: Nobody likes to hear horrible things, but do you think there is any other reason?\n\nWEINGARTEN: If you are a Jew, you know what a Jew went through. A lot of people\nknow and a lot of people don't--Jewish ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=6030.0,6060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"people, I mean.\n\nEINSTEIN: That must hurt.\n\nWEINGARTEN: It does, yes. But what do they know what I went through? Nobody\nknows really. You can't know . . . Nobody can know unless the ones who went\nthrough it.\n\nKENT: Imagine that 100 years from now, someone is going to be in a museum\nwatching this. You're talking to the future--three generations from now. What\nwould you want them to know?\n\nWEINGARTEN: I hope they will ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=6060.0,6090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"remember people who went through it, and feel\nsomething, and saying, \"Hey, I'm a Jew.\" That's what I want them to know,\nbecause the Jews . . . Something is happening. It's going a little bit under.\nThe Jewish language is fading a little bit. One hundred years from now, who\nknows? I'll tell you something: since ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=6090.0,6120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/205","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I speak English--and people tell me my\nEnglish is pretty good--I'm forgetting. I can't express myself in Jewish anymore\nthe way I used to because if you don't use it, you lose it. And I don't use it.\nBut I still use it with my children.\n\nKENT: What language do you think in?\n\nWEINGARTEN: American English. To my children . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=6120.0,6150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/206","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they speak Yiddish, if they\nhave to. They understand everything. I'm still speaking to them in Yiddish on\nthe telephone . . . because I don't want them to forget what they learned during\ntheir lifetime.\n\nKENT: Their roots.\n\nWEINGARTEN: Yes.\n\nKENT: Thank you very much for telling us the story.\n\nWEINGARTEN: I was glad to do it. I hope I did something valuable ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=6150.0,6180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/transcript/22223/annotation/207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to whoever is\ngoing to see it.\n\nKENT: You did.\n\nEINSTEIN: Thank you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=6180.0,6210.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/annotation_set/333","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Annotations [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/annotation_set/333/annotation/208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSandy Springs is a suburb of Atlanta, Georgia located just north of the city.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/annotation_set/333/annotation/209","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFromowitz is the correct spelling of her maiden name.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/annotation_set/333/annotation/210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFromowitz is the correct spelling of her maiden name.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/annotation_set/333/annotation/211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Carpathian Mountains or Carpathians are a range of mountains forming an arc across Central Europe. The roughly 1,500 km (932 mi) long arc stretches through the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Poland, Hungary, Ukraine, Romania, and Serbia. The region is dense with forested hills and fast-flowing rivers.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/annotation_set/333/annotation/212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHelen’s hometown was in Transylvania, a historical region that has been dominated by several different peoples and countries throughout its history. Until World War I, the area had been part of Hungary. Until World War II, it was part of Romania.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/annotation_set/333/annotation/213","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHelen was one of nine children. In order from oldest to youngest, the Fromoiwitz children were: Goldie (Regina), Morris, Frida, Rachel, Alexander, Ester, Helen, Perl (Pepi), and Erwin (Eisik). There is some discrepancy on whether there was a tenth sibling. In an account given by Erwin, another child was mentioned. The boy, named Nathan, appears to have been one of the oldest children and probably died as an infant.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=60.0,90.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/annotation_set/333/annotation/214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eErwin was sent from Auschwitz-Birkenau to the Mauthausen and Melk concentration camps (both in Austria). He was then sent on a death march to Linz, Austria and finally to Ebensee, where he was liberated by the Americans. When he returned home a few weeks later, he found no one. A former Czech partisan told him his sisters were alive in Germany. Erwin attempted to get to Germany, but only made it as far as Linz, Austria before becoming too ill to continue. However, he sent word that he was alive. After spending a few more weeks recuperating, he was able to continue to Germany and reunite with his surviving sisters.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=210.0,240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/annotation_set/333/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eUjbocsko [also known as Bocicoiu Mare; Hungarian: Újbocskó or Nagybocskó] is a village in northwestern Romania, in the Carpathian Mountains. It lies across the Tisza River, on the border of Ukraine.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=210.0,240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/annotation_set/333/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eKretshnif is the Yiddish name of Craciunesti [Romanian: Crăciunești], a village in northern Romania, on the Tisza River, at the border of Ukraine. It is located approximately 6 kilometers (3 miles) west of Helen’s village, Bocicoiu Mare, Romania. In 1941, there were 911 Jews living in the village—46 percent of the total population. Today, there are no Jews in Kretshnif.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=210.0,240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/annotation_set/333/annotation/217","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWhen Nazi Germany began to redraw national boundaries in Europe in 1940, the increasingly fascist Hungarian government was able to regain territory that included Transylvania, where Helen’s hometown was. By November 1940, Hungary (and Romania) had formally allied with the Axis powers, bringing the area fully under the influence of Nazi Germany.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=270.0,300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/annotation_set/333/annotation/218","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOrthodox Judaism is a traditional branch of Judaism that strictly follows the Written \u003cem\u003eTorah\u003c/em\u003e and the Oral Law concerning prayer, dress, food, sex, family relations, social behavior, the Sabbath day, holidays and more. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=510.0,540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/annotation_set/333/annotation/219","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSlatina is the Romanian name of Solotvyno, a town in present-day western Ukraine, along the Tisza River near the Romanian border. Prior to World War I, it was known as Aknaszlatina and was Hungarian. Between the wars, it was part of Czechloslovakia and known as Selo-Slatina. After Germany occupied the area in March 1944, from mid to late April 1944 the Jews of Hungary were forced into ghettos. Over 2,000 Jews from Slatina and another 3,000 from the surrounding area were concentrated in an improvised ghetto. On May 24, 1944, they were all transferred to Auschwitz-Birkenau, where most were murdered.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=570.0,600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/annotation_set/333/annotation/220","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAuschwitz-Birkenau was a network of camps built and operated by Germany just outside the Polish town of Oswiecem (renamed ‘Auschwitz’ by the Germans) in Polish areas annexed by Germany during World War II. It is estimated that the SS and police deported at a minimum 1.3 million people (approximately 1.1 million of which were Jews) to the Auschwitz-Birkenau complex between 1940 and 1945. Camp authorities murdered 1.1 million of these prisoners.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=660.0,690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/annotation_set/333/annotation/221","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSukkot was from October 1 through October 8 in 1944.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=780.0,810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/annotation_set/333/annotation/222","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe \u003cem\u003eSS\u003c/em\u003e or \u003cem\u003eSchutzstaffel\u003c/em\u003e was a major paramilitary organization under Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party. It began at the end of 1920 as a small, permanent guard unit known as the “\u003cem\u003eSaal-Schutz\u003c/em\u003e” made up of Nazi Party volunteers to provide security for party meetings in Munich. Later, in 1925, Heinrich Himmler joined the unit, which had by then been reformed and renamed the “\u003cem\u003eSchutz-Staffel\u003c/em\u003e.” Under Himmler’s leadership, it grew from a small paramilitary formation to one of the largest and most powerful organizations in the Third Reich. Under Himmler’s command, it was responsible for many of the crimes against humanity during World War II. After World War II, like the Nazi Party, it was declared a criminal organization by the International Military Tribunal and banned in Germany. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=810.0,840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/annotation_set/333/annotation/223","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eNuremberg [German: Nürnberg] is a city in Bavaria, Germany.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=810.0,840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/annotation_set/333/annotation/224","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAlzheimer’s is the most common form of dementia. There is no cure for the disease, which worsens as it progresses and eventually leads to death. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=870.0,900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/annotation_set/333/annotation/225","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAfter liberation, camp survivors faced a long and difficult road to recovery. Survivors were often so weak, emaciated, or sick that thousands died in the weeks after liberation. Well-meaning soldiers without proper medical training often gave survivors foods that made their conditions worse. Eating foods that were too rich or complex for survivors’ bodies to handle could exasperate years of malnutrition and starvation, resulting in sickness or death.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=990.0,1020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/annotation_set/333/annotation/226","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eYiddish is the common historical language of Ashkenazi Jews from Central and Eastern Europe. It is heavily Germanic based but uses the Hebrew alphabet. The language was spoken or understood as a common tongue for many European Jews up until the middle of the twentieth century.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=1020.0,1050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/annotation_set/333/annotation/227","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCleveland is a major city in Ohio on the shores of Lake Erie.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=1020.0,1050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/annotation_set/333/annotation/228","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHelen’s older brother, Alexander, had immigrated to the United States prior to the war and lived in Asbury Park, New Jersey. Asbury Park is a small seaside city on the New Jersey coast.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=1020.0,1050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/annotation_set/333/annotation/229","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe 1924 Immigration Act set annual quotas based on a prospective immigrant's country of birth. It was aimed at restricting Southern and Eastern European immigrants, mainly Jews fleeing persecution in Poland and Russia, who had started immigrating to the United States in large numbers in the 1890’s. At the end of the war, these quotas were still in place. After the war ended, President Harry S. Truman favored efforts to ease U.S. immigration restrictions for Jewish displaced persons but existing laws had no provisions for displaced persons until Truman issued a directive on December 22, 1945, ordering the State Department to fill existing quotas and give first preference to displaced persons. Still, of the 40,000 visas issued under the program, only about 28,000 went to Jews and between 1946 and 1948, only 16,000 Jewish refugees entered the United States. In 1948, Congress passed legislation to admit more DPs to the United States. The 1948 Displaced Persons Act authorized the entry of 202,000 displaced persons over the next two years but within the quota system.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=1050.0,1080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/annotation_set/333/annotation/230","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHarry S. Truman was the 33rd President of the United States (1945-1953). He succeeded to the presidency on April 12, 1945 on the death of Franklin D. Roosevelt and was president during the final months of World War II. He was elected in his own right in 1948. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=1050.0,1080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/annotation_set/333/annotation/231","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOn July 9, 1949, Helen and her family left Bremerhaven, Germany aboard the USAT General Eltinge. They arrived in Boston, Massachusetts on July 18, 1949 and headed to Loraine, Ohio.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=1080.0,1110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/annotation_set/333/annotation/232","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHelen married Isak Weingarten in Germany in 1945-1947. In 1948, their son Salomon was born.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=1080.0,1110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/annotation_set/333/annotation/233","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAn initial selection process took place upon arrival in Auschwitz-Birkenau. Selection (German: \u003cem\u003eSelektion\u003c/em\u003e) is the term the Nazi regime used to describe the process of choosing victims for the gas chambers in the extermination camps by separating them from those considered fit to work. Josef Mengele was an SS physician who earned the nickname the ‘Angel of Death’ in Auschwitz-Birkenau. He was notorious for being one of the physicians who sorted newly arrived prisoners on the ramp at Auschwitz-Birkenau, picking out those he wanted for his medical experiments—especially twins. Many survivors recall being selected by Mengele, but caution should be used as a number of German physicians were present in the camp and took turns performing the selections at the arrival ramp. Various medical staff was also involved in the routine selections of prisoners during roll call. Those prisoners regarded as unfit for labor because of terminal exhaustion or sickness would be sent to the gas chambers or otherwise murdered.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=1110.0,1140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/annotation_set/333/annotation/234","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEven before Romania fell into the orbit of Nazi Germany, Romanian authorities pursued a policy of harsh, persecutory antisemitism—particularly against Jews living in eastern borderlands, who were falsely associated with Soviet communism, and those living in Transylvania (the region where Helen’s family lived), who were identified with past Hungarian rule. It is unclear what political candidate Helen is referring to and no record could be found regarding the hanging of Jews in Ujbocsko’s or Kretshnif’s kosher butcher shop, but high-levels of political tension and antisemitism undoubtedly were evident even to a child in the 1930’s.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=1170.0,1200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/annotation_set/333/annotation/235","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePassover is an eight-day holiday that celebrates the anniversary of Israel’s liberation from Egyptian bondage. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=1230.0,1260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/annotation_set/333/annotation/236","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOn November 8 and 9, 1938, the Nazis started a state-sponsored nationwide pogrom. Across Germany (and in Austria) Jewish synagogues, homes and businesses were looted and burned, Jews were attacked on the streets and 91 were killed. Thousands of Jewish men were sent to concentration camps for several weeks and released only when they agreed to leave the country as soon as possible. The pogrom was called ‘\u003cem\u003eKristallnacht\u003c/em\u003e,’ which means ‘Night of Broken Glass,’ because of all the damage done to Jewish shop windows. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=1260.0,1290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/annotation_set/333/annotation/237","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIn the summer of 1941, Hungarian authorities required all Jews in the area to obtain valid Hungarian citizenship papers. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=1380.0,1410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/annotation_set/333/annotation/238","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAs early as May 1938, Hungary had adopted comprehensive anti-Jewish laws and measures. In 1941, racial laws that were modeled on Germany’s Nuremberg Laws were introduced. Among other provisions, the laws defined \"Jews\" in so-called racial terms, forbade intermarriage between Jews and non-Jews, excluded Jews from full participation in various professions, and restricted their opportunities in economic life. Until the German occupation in March 1944, however, Jews were not required to war yellow stars.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=1380.0,1410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/annotation_set/333/annotation/239","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDuring World War II, Gendarmerie were the Hungarian police force whose job was to maintain order in the Hungarian countryside. They were additionally responsible for carrying out the regime's anti-Jewish policies. After the Germans occupied Hungary in March 1944, the Gendarmerie was charged with putting the Jews in ghettos. As Jews were forbidden from leaving the ghettos, Gendarmerie guarded the perimeters. Gendarmes had a reputation for brutality. Individual gendarmes often tortured Jews and extorted personal valuables from them.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=1440.0,1470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/annotation_set/333/annotation/240","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTowards the end of the summer of 1941, 496 Jewish residents of Kretshnif who had not obtained Hungarian citizenship papers were deported to Kamenets-Podolsk—a city in the present-day western Ukraine—and murdered. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=1500.0,1530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/annotation_set/333/annotation/241","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSighet [Hungarian: Máramarossziget; known today as Sighetu Marmatiei) is a town in northwestern Romania, near the Hungarian and Ukrainian borders. By the age of sixteen, Helen had completed her education and moved to Sighet, where she studied sewing for a year before returning home to her family to work in a weaving factory. Sighet is approximately 10 kilometers (6 miles) southwest of Bocicoiu Mare.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=1620.0,1650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/annotation_set/333/annotation/242","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIn 1944, Passover was the week of April 8-15, around the time Helen’s family was confined to the Slatina ghetto.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=1620.0,1650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/annotation_set/333/annotation/243","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBetween May 15 and July 9, 1944, around 440,000 Jews were deported from Hungary in more than 145 trains. Under the guidance of German SS officials, the Hungarian police carried out the roundups and forced the Jews onto the deportation trains. Most were deported to Auschwitz-Birkenau and murdered upon arrival.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=1680.0,1710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/annotation_set/333/annotation/244","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBoth of Helen’s parents, her older brother Morris, her older sister Rachel, and Rachel’s four children were sent to the gas chambers upon arrival in Auschwitz-Birkenau. Another sister, Frida, later died from disease in Auschwitz-Birkenau.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=1890.0,1920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/annotation_set/333/annotation/245","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAmong the groups the Nazi regime singled out for persecution on so-called racial grounds were the Roma, Sinti and Lalleri (Gypsies), whose fate was parallel to that of the Jews. Some 23,000 Gypies in the Greater German Reich were deported to Auschwitz-Birkenau. At least 19,000 died there. Uniquely, entire families were housed together in a special compound that was called the \"Gypsy family camp.\" In the spring of 1944, camp leadership decided to murder the inhabitants of the Gypsy compound. After transferring as many as 3,000 Roma capable of work to Auschwitz I and other concentration camps, the SS killed the remaining inmates on August 2, 1944.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=2100.0,2130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/annotation_set/333/annotation/246","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMehltheuer is a village in eastern Germany near the border of Poland. It is approximately 150 kilometers northeast of Nuremberg. Mehltheuer became a sub-camp of the Flossenbürg concentration camp in September 1944, when a former net and curtain factory in Mehltheuer was converted into a factory producing various parts for the Vomag AG company from nearby Plauen. The factory grounds were fenced in and equipped with guard towers. A prisoner group of 200 mostly Polish women and girls from Bergen-Belsen concentration camp arrived in December. The prisoners were housed in the company’s warehouse, a shed, and on the top floor of the factory, in whose lower rooms they were brought to work on machine tools. The camp was expanded on March 9, 1945 when 146 female prisoners arrived from the closed-down sub-camp at the Siemens-Schuckert Werke in Nuremberg.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=2250.0,2280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/annotation_set/333/annotation/247","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eUntil 1938, Romania was a constitutional monarchy under King Carol II, who had assumed the throne in 1930. The 1930’s were marked by social unrest, high unemployment, and strikes. Nationalist parties and the fascist Iron Guard grew in popularity and political rivalries soon put the country on the verge of civil war. At the outbreak of World War II, a royal dictatorship was in place and Romania adopted a position of neutrality. After Romania lost about 30 percent of its territory (mostly gained after World War I) to the Soviet Union, Hungary, and Bulgaria in 1940, the increasingly unpopular King Carol II was forced to abdicate. Although his son Michael I assumed the throne, a coalition government under General Ion Antonescu and the Iron Guard came to power. On November 20, 1940, Romania formally joined the Axis powers.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=2370.0,2400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/annotation_set/333/annotation/248","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDespite antisemitic restrictions and the execution of some 20,000 Jews who had not obtained Hungarian citizenship in 1942, most Hungarian Jews were spared deportation prior to the German occupation of the country in 1944, as the Nazis did not directly control the internal activities of their allies and Hungary had initially refused to deport its Jewish population. After German occupation, Hungarian authorities began to systematically deport the Hungarian Jews. In April 1944, Hungarian authorities ordered Hungarian Jews living outside Budapest (roughly 500,000) to concentrate in certain cities, usually regional government seats. Hungarian gendarmes were sent into the rural regions to round up the Jews and dispatch them to the cities, where makeshift ghettos were established. None of these ghettos existed for more than a few weeks and many were liquidated within days.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=2430.0,2460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/annotation_set/333/annotation/249","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHungary suffered tremendous losses on the Eastern front in 1942-1943. Recognizing that Germany was likely to lose the war, Hungary began negotiating an armistice with the western allies. To prevent losing the territory, German forces invaded Hungary on March 19, 1944.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=2430.0,2460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/annotation_set/333/annotation/250","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAustria-Hungary, also known as the Austro-Hungarian Empire, was a constitutional union of the Empire of Austria and the Kingdom of Hungary that existed from 1867 to 1918, when it collapsed as a result of defeat in World War I. Austria-Hungary was one of the Central Powers in World War I. During that period, the region Helen’s family was from belonged to Hungary.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=2490.0,2520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/annotation_set/333/annotation/251","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAppendicitis is inflammation of the appendix. If the inflamed appendix is not surgically removed, it usually ruptures, causing a fatal infection.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=2520.0,2550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/annotation_set/333/annotation/252","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFounded in 1847, today Siemens AG is a German conglomerate company headquartered in Berlin and Munich and the largest industrial manufacturing company in Europe. Private German companies—such as Messerschmidt, Junkers, Siemens, and I. G. Farben—were integrated into military preparations during World War II. These firms relied on forced laborers to meet their production quotas. In late 1944, at the height of World War II, Siemens’ total workforce of 244,000 included some 50,000 people who had been put to work against their will in numerous factories across the Reich. The Siemens-Schuckert Werke in Nuremberg was a subcamp of the Flossenbürg concentration camp. It existed from October 18, 1944 to March 6, 1945. It was the only Nuremberg subcamp that held Jewish women as forced laborers. Company representatives had chosen the Hungarian women and girls aged 14 to 40 in Auschwitz-Birkenau. 593 women were transported from Auschwitz-Birkenau on railway cattle cars with inadequate food. Only 550 were registered up on arrival in Nuremberg. They were registered with Flossenburg identification numbers from the series 55573 through 56290.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=2880.0,2910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/annotation_set/333/annotation/253","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAs a result of negotiations by the Jewish Claims Conference and several firms, a few of the women received financial compensation from Siemens at the beginning of the 1960’s. Then In 1999, in response to numerous class action lawsuits, the German government created a foundation with assets of approximately $5 billion. Siemens AG was among the companies who contributed ($12 million) to the funding of the foundation. Slave laborers used by German industrial companies in World War II could apply to receive a lump sum payment of between $2,500 and $7,500. When final payments were made at the end of 2006, over 140,000 Jewish survivors from more than 25 countries had received payments.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=2940.0,2970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/annotation_set/333/annotation/254","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Siemens-Schuckert Werke camp was established in Katzwanger Strasse opposite the main entrance of the southern cemetery. It was a barracks camp surrounded by barbed wire. Some of the women worked in the camp, while others were taken to factories in the northern part of the city. More than 200 women did not work. The prisoners were employed shifting heavy iron pieces, removing rust form metal, or put to work on production lines.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=2970.0,3000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/annotation_set/333/annotation/255","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Siemens-Schuckert Werke camp was destroyed in bombing raids at the end of February 1945 and the prisoners were transferred to a school close to the main railway station. They were used there to remove rubble.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=3000.0,3030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/annotation_set/333/annotation/256","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOn October 18, 1944, Helen was registered in the Flossenburg camp system as Helene Freumovits. Her prisoner number was recorded as 55851 on page 273, reel number 1 of the database of prisoners interned in the Flossenbürg Concentration Camp—a list compiled in the 1950’s to use as evidence against camp administrators and guards being put on trial for war crimes.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=3090.0,3120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/annotation_set/333/annotation/257","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDuring the Holocaust, concentration camp prisoners received tattoos only at one location: the Auschwitz-Birkenau concentration camp complex. Tattooing was introduced at Auschwitz in the autumn of 1941 for Soviet prisoners of war. In March 1942, tattoos were used to identify prisoners at Auschwitz II (Birkenau). By the spring of 1943, the SS authorities throughout the entire Auschwitz complex adopted the practice of tattooing almost all previously registered and newly arrived prisoners, including female prisoners. Prisoners were given tattoos on their forearms of their camp serial number, which was also sewn onto their uniforms. Only prisoners selected for work were registered and given serial numbers; those that were sent directly to the gas chambers were not registered or given tattoos. In order to avoid the assignment of excessively high numbers from the general series to the large number of Hungarian Jews arriving in 1944, the SS authorities introduced new sequences of numbers in mid-May 1944. It is not clear why Helen did not receive a tattoo.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=3090.0,3120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/annotation_set/333/annotation/258","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePlauen is a town in east-central Germany, situated near the border of the Czech Republic. It is approximately ten kilometers (6 miles) southeast of Mehltheuer.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=3210.0,3240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/annotation_set/333/annotation/259","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOn March 3, 1945, during the chaos of an air raid, 144 prisoners were sent to Mehltheuer. The remaining prisoners were sent to the Holleischen camp.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=3210.0,3240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/annotation_set/333/annotation/260","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIn many cases, the Germans planned deportations and other operations so that they would coincide with the Jewish holidays.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=3330.0,3360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/annotation_set/333/annotation/261","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eYom Kippur\u003c/em\u003e [Hebrew: Day of Atonement] is a 25-hour fast day and the most sacred day of the Jewish year.  \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=3330.0,3360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/annotation_set/333/annotation/262","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe \u003cem\u003eLagerältester\u003c/em\u003e [German: camp elder] was a German Jewish woman named Eugenia Lerner, who had mistakenly been recorded as Polish on the transport list. Other survivors credit her with maintaining a level of order among the prisoners and equitably distributing rations. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=3570.0,3600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/annotation_set/333/annotation/263","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThis seems to be a reference to an SS guard rather than the Lagerältester. Other survivor testimonies include references to one particular female SS guard who was particularly brutal and was nicknamed “Zwiklinska.”\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=3600.0,3630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/annotation_set/333/annotation/264","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAfter the war, Lerner testified that she had personally seen orders the camp commandant received shortly before liberation. According to the orders, he was supposed to lead the prisoners into a nearby forest and shoot them all. He told Lerner he would not do it.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=3600.0,3630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/annotation_set/333/annotation/265","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAmerican troops liberated the camp on April 16, 1945.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=3630.0,3660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/annotation_set/333/annotation/266","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFrom 1945 to 1949, Germany was occupied by the Allied forces and divided into four administrative zones by the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, France and the United States. Much of southern Germany fell within the American zone and included the cities of Munich, Frankfurt am Main, Stuttgart, and Nürnberg.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=3690.0,3720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/annotation_set/333/annotation/267","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRehau is a Bavarian town in eastern Germany, near the border of the Czech Republic. Rehau is approximately 12 kilometers (7 miles) southeast of Hof, where a large displaced persons camp was established after the war. Altogether about 600,000 refugees were processed in Hof, with 23,292 of them staying in Bavaria.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=3720.0,3750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/annotation_set/333/annotation/268","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOn May 1, 1945, the women were taken to another camp, the Rentzschmuhle on the Elster River, which had been set up as a hospital.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=3720.0,3750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/annotation_set/333/annotation/269","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWhen hostilities ended on May 8, 1945 in Europe, as many as 100,000 Jewish survivors found themselves among the 7,000,000 uprooted and homeless people classified as displaced persons (DPs). In a chaotic six-month period, 6,000,000 non-Jewish DPs, who had been deported to Germany as forced laborers for the Nazis, wandered through Germany and Eastern Europe toward their homelands. The liberated Jews, who were plagued by illness and exhaustion, emerged from concentration camps and hiding places to discover a world in which they had no place. Bereft of home and family, and reluctant to return to their pre-war homelands, these Jews were joined in a matter of months by more than 150,000 other Jews fleeing fierce antisemitism in Poland, Hungary, Romania and Russia. Allied forces established temporary facilities (DP Camps) across Germany, Austria, and Italy to house DPs.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=3750.0,3780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/annotation_set/333/annotation/270","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Soviet defeat of Germany in Eastern Europe led to a tremendous geographic shift in Polish territory and, ultimately, to the establishment of a communist dictatorship in Poland which was largely antisemitic. After a surge of anti-Jewish violence in 1946, over 75,000 Jews streamed out of Poland into the Allied-occupied zones in Germany, Austria, and Italy.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=3870.0,3900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/annotation_set/333/annotation/271","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA) was founded in 1943 to provide economic assistance to European nations after World War II and to repatriate and assist the refugees who would come under Allied control. UNRRA managed hundreds of displaced persons camps in Germany, Italy, and Austria and played a major role in repatriating survivors to their home countries in 1946-1947. It largely shut down operations in 1947.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=3870.0,3900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/annotation_set/333/annotation/272","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHelen is likely referring to the Exodus 1947, a ship that left France on July 11, 1947 carrying Jews intent on entering Palestine. At the time the British, who had restricted entry, controlled Palestine. Most of the passengers were Holocaust survivors who had no legal immigration certificates to Palestine. Following wide media coverage, the British Royal Navy seized the ship and escorted it to the port of Haifa. The passengers were put on three different ships and returned to France. When they got there, they refused to get off and went on a hunger strike. The British government refused to back down. Further negotiations resulted in them being sent to DP camps in Germany. The women and children got off voluntarily but the men had to be removed forcibly. Eventually most of the refugees made it to Palestine via Cyprus, illegal smuggling, or legal immigration after Israel became a nation.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=4200.0,4230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/annotation_set/333/annotation/273","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMay 14, 1948 is considered the day Israel became a state.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=4230.0,4260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/annotation_set/333/annotation/274","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLoraine is a city in northeastern Ohio on Lake Erie, approximately 30 miles (48 kilometers) west of Cleveland.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=4320.0,4350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/annotation_set/333/annotation/275","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eNiwka, Poland is a small village in present-day southern Poland. It is approximately 140 kilometers (87 miles) east of Sosnowiec and 75 kilometers (46miles) east of Krakow.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=4410.0,4440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/annotation_set/333/annotation/276","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBefore the war, about 31,000 Jews lived in the southern Polish city of Sosnowiec (about one-third of the general population). After occupying Sosnowiec on September 4, 1939, the Germans began persecuting the Jewish population. The first Sosnowiec Jews were sent to labor camps in October 1940 and until August 1942 there were periodic transports from Sosnowiec to various labor camps. The first series of deportation of Jews from Sosnowiec to Auschwitz-Birkenau was between May and August 1942. Between August 1942 and March 1943, there were three major roundups and another wave of Sosnowiec Jews were transported to labor camps. The resettlement of Sosnowiec’s Jews was completed by March 1943.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=4410.0,4440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/annotation_set/333/annotation/277","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSisterhood refers to a group of women in a synagogue congregation who join together to offer social, cultural, educational, and volunteer service opportunities.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=4500.0,4530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/annotation_set/333/annotation/278","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eHadassah\u003c/em\u003e, the Women’s Zionist Organization of America, is a volunteer organization founded in 1912 by Henrietta Szold, with more than 300,000 members and supporters worldwide. It supports health care and medical research, education and youth programs in Israel, and advocacy, education, and leadership development in the United States. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=4500.0,4530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/annotation_set/333/annotation/279","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eClearwater is a city located on the Gulf of Mexico in Florida, northwest of Tampa and St. Petersburg.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=4710.0,4740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/annotation_set/333/annotation/280","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFort Lauderdale is a city on Florida's southeastern coast, 28 miles (45 km) north of Miami.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=4710.0,4740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/annotation_set/333/annotation/281","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAccording to a 1941 census, Hungary, including the recently annexed territories, had a Jewish population of 825,000—less than 6 percent of the total population. About 63,000 died or were killed prior to the German occupation in March 1944. Under German occupation, just over 500,000 died from maltreatment or were murdered. Some 255,000 Jews, less than one-third of those who had lived within enlarged Hungary in March 1944, survived the Holocaust. About 190,000 of these were residents of Hungary in its 1920 borders.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=4800.0,4830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/annotation_set/333/annotation/282","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA \u003cem\u003ebar mitzvah\u003c/em\u003e [Hebrew: son of commandment] is a rite of passage for Jewish boys aged 13 years and one day. At that time, a Jewish boy is considered a responsible adult for most religious purposes. He is now duty bound to keep the commandments, he puts on \u003cem\u003etefillin\u003c/em\u003e, and may be counted to the \u003cem\u003eminyan\u003c/em\u003e quorum for public worship. He celebrates the \u003cem\u003ebar mitzvah\u003c/em\u003e by being called up to the reading of the \u003cem\u003eTorah\u003c/em\u003e in the synagogue, usually on the next available Sabbath after his Hebrew birthday. A\u003cem\u003e bat mitzvah\u003c/em\u003e [Hebrew: daughter of commandment] is a similar rite of passage for Jewish girls aged 12 years and one day according to her Hebrew birthday. Synagogue ceremonies are held for \u003cem\u003ebat mitzvah\u003c/em\u003e girls in Reform and Conservative communities, but it has not won the universal approval of Orthodox rabbis.  \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=4800.0,4830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/annotation_set/333/annotation/283","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eMahjong\u003c/em\u003e (also spelled ‘\u003cem\u003emah jongg\u003c/em\u003e’) is a popular game that originated in China, played by four players using tiles with Chinese characters and symbols. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=5100.0,5130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/annotation_set/333/annotation/284","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eReform Judaism is a division within Judaism especially in North America and Western Europe. Historically it began in the nineteenth century. In general, the Reform movement maintains that Judaism and Jewish traditions should be modernized and compatible with participation in Western culture. While the \u003cem\u003eTorah\u003c/em\u003e remains the law, in Reform Judaism women are included (mixed seating, \u003cem\u003ebat mitzvah\u003c/em\u003e and women rabbis), music is allowed in the services and most of the service is in English. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=5730.0,5760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/annotation_set/333/annotation/285","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eConservative Judaism is a form of Judaism that seeks to preserve Jewish tradition and ritual but has a more flexible approach to the interpretation of the law than Orthodox Judaism. It attempts to combine a positive attitude toward modern culture, while preserving a commitment to Jewish observance. They also observe gender equality (mixed seating, women rabbis and \u003cem\u003ebat mitzvahs\u003c/em\u003e). \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=5730.0,5760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/annotation_set/333/annotation/286","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBetween 1945 and 1947, the Allied governments enacted various legislation dealing with reparations to be paid to the victims of Nazi oppression. The Jewish Agency presented the first official claim to the Allied governments in September 1945. The Conference on Jewish Material Claims Against Germany (Claims Conference) was established in October 1951 to help with individual claims against Germany arising from the Holocaust. The Claims Conference initially recovered $100 million from West Germany, with direct compensation to Holocaust survivors paid in installments. In 1952, the government of West Germany reached an agreement with the state of Israel and the Conference on Jewish Material Claims Against Germany to pay reparations for material losses and injuries incurred during the Holocaust. Three separate German laws, known as the West German Federal Indemnification Laws, were adopted in 1953, 1956, and 1965. They further provided for compensation in the form of one-time payments and monthly pensions to Holocaust survivors. In the years since, other agreements for reparations have also been reached.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=5790.0,5820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/annotation_set/333/annotation/287","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe USC Shoah Foundation recorded Helen Froimowitz-Weingarten’s testimony in 1998. The video can be viewed onsite at many institutions around the world using interview code 42563.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=5970.0,6000.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/index/47588","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Weingarten, Helen [Index]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/index/47588/annotation/288","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Background Information","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=23.0,82.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/index/47588/annotation/289","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Let's start at the very beginning. What was your name when you were born?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=23.0,82.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/index/47588/annotation/290","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Carpathian Mountains","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helen Fromoiwitz 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sisters?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=82.0,304.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/index/47588/annotation/293","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Alexander Fromoiwitz","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Austria","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Bertha Fromoiwitz","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Crematorium","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Erwin (Eisik) Fromoiwitz","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ester 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America","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=82.0,304.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/index/47588/annotation/294","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Interaction with Non-Jews Before the War","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=304.0,412.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/index/47588/annotation/295","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"How integrated was your family with non-Jewish people?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=304.0,412.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/index/47588/annotation/296","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Anti-Semitism","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Catholic School","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jesus","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish School","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Kretshnif, Romania","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Name Calling","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Non-Jewish 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What do you remember about their personalities?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=412.0,538.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/index/47588/annotation/299","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Bertha Fromoiwitz","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Frank (Ferenz) Fromoiwitz","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Kretshnif, Romania","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Men's Clothing Designer","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Paramedic","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"World War I","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=412.0,538.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/index/47588/annotation/300","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Taken Out of Her Home and Moved to a Ghetto in Slatina","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=538.0,628.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/index/47588/annotation/301","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When they took us out of the homes and put us in the school, we didn't know what was happening. There came orders to get the Jews out of the houses. They put us in a big schoolroom. We were just there. We took the food from home what we still had. They didn't provide food for us or anything. A couple of days later, we were transported to Slatina.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=538.0,628.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/index/47588/annotation/302","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Food","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ghetto","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Slatina, Romania","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=538.0,628.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/index/47588/annotation/303","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Put in Cattle Cars and Taken to Auschwitz","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=628.0,758.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/index/47588/annotation/304","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Then they put us in cattle cars. Came orders. We had to go someplace. We didn't know where. They put us in cattle cars. For five days and five nights we traveled without food--just a piece of bread about two inches or so that had to last for you for five days. Whatever else we had left kept us alive. We wound up someplace. I still listen to the whistle of the train when the train got in to Auschwitz-Birkenau.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=628.0,758.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/index/47588/annotation/305","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Auschwitz-Birkenau Concentration Camp","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Cattle Cars","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Poland","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Selection","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=628.0,758.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/index/47588/annotation/306","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Crematoriums and Working in Auschwitz","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=758.0,794.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/index/47588/annotation/307","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One sister, Frida, came and said she found out that all the flames and the chimneys that goes on the out that our parents were there--gassed and killed. That was it. You couldn't mourn because you were next. Every day they took people to the crematoriums. After seven months in Auschwitz-Birkenau, what we did . . . we filled the graves from the bombs. The bombs were falling in the summertime.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=758.0,794.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/index/47588/annotation/308","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Auschwitz-Birkenau Concentration Camp","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Bertha Fromoiwitz","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Crematoriums","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Frank (Ferenz) Fromoiwitz","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Frida Fromoiwitz","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Gas Chambers","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=758.0,794.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/index/47588/annotation/309","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Taken to Nuremberg and Working in a Factory","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=794.0,949.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/index/47588/annotation/310","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"After the Sukkot holidays, three days after they took us away--500 girls on a walk to the crematorium. We knew where we were going. Big deal. We knew where we were going. We were going to die. We couldn't escape from that. But then . . . two SS men came with some papers. They said, \"They are not going there. They are going to work.\" They turned us around and put us in cattle cars. From there, we went to Nuremberg.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=794.0,949.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/index/47588/annotation/311","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Airplane Motors","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"American Army","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Cattle Cars","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Crematorium","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Liberation","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Nuremberg, Germany","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Schutzstaffel - SS","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Sukkot","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=794.0,949.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/index/47588/annotation/312","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Liberated by the Americans and Getting into the United States","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=949.0,1163.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/index/47588/annotation/313","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We didn't go and then two days later the Americans came in and liberated us.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=949.0,1163.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/index/47588/annotation/314","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"1945","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"American Army","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Asbury Park, New Jersey","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Cleveland, Ohio","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Displaced Persons","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Holocaust Survivor","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Immigration Quota","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Isak Weingarten","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Liberation","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"President Harry Truman","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"United States of America","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=949.0,1163.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/index/47588/annotation/315","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Changes in Romania as World War II Began and During the War","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=1163.0,1382.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/index/47588/annotation/316","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Was there any change at all? What were you aware of in Romania? Did that effect Romania?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=1163.0,1382.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/index/47588/annotation/317","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"1933","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ghetto","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Kosher Butchers","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Kristallnacht","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"News","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Romania","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"World War 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Who were the leaders in the block?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=2625.0,2698.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/index/47588/annotation/344","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Auschwitz-Birkenau Concentration Camp","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Leaders","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SS Women","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=2625.0,2698.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/index/47588/annotation/345","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Closest Experience with Almost Dying","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=2698.0,2834.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/index/47588/annotation/346","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When were you closest to death?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=2698.0,2834.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/index/47588/annotation/347","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Bombs","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Death","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Factory","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Guard Towers","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Schutzstaffel - SS","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=2698.0,2834.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/index/47588/annotation/348","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Surviving Auschwitz's Crematorium","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103#t=2834.0,2925.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35816/file/105103/index/47588/annotation/349","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When they took us out from Auschwitz-Birkenau, going to the right to the crematoriums and those people came . . . 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