{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/h707w67q05/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Garey, William"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["2015-12-22 (creation)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["Video"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source"]},"value":{"en":["Esther and Herbert Taylor Oral History Collection","Ida Pearle and Joseph Cuba Archives for Southern Jewish History","William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eWilliam Sanchez Garey interviewed by Mark Bauman on December 22, 2015 in Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e (general)","\u003cp\u003eGarey discusses his childhood and upbringing in an interfaith household in Atlanta, Georgia, and the anti-Semitism his family experienced. He discusses his family genealogy and how they settled in Georgia. Garey talks about his primary education in Atlanta and the Pennington School in New Jersey, as well as his secondary education at Georgia Tech. Of special note is Garey’s discussion of his experience in World War II and Israel’s War of Independence. Garey served as a radio operator in both conflicts. He discusses his influences for participating in both wars.\u003c/p\u003e (scope content)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source Metadata URI"]},"value":{"en":["https://archivesspace.thebreman.org/repositories/2/archival_objects/28497"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject"]},"value":{"en":["Garey, William (personal name)","Atlanta, Ga (geographic term)","Christian Science (topical term)","Church of Christ, Scientist (topical term)","World War II (named event)","Haganah (corporate name)","Air Command Transport (corporate name)","Israel (geographic term)","War of Israeli Independence (named event)","Israeli Air Force (corporate name)","Sonneborn Group (corporate name)","Egypt (geographic term)","Fredkens, Freddy (personal name)","SS America (topical term)","Lockheed Martin (corporate name)","Rich's Department Store (corporate name)"]}}],"summary":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eWilliam Sanchez Garey interviewed by Mark Bauman on December 22, 2015 in Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGarey discusses his childhood and upbringing in an interfaith household in Atlanta, Georgia, and the anti-Semitism his family experienced. He discusses his family genealogy and how they settled in Georgia. Garey talks about his primary education in Atlanta and the Pennington School in New Jersey, as well as his secondary education at Georgia Tech. Of special note is Garey’s discussion of his experience in World War II and Israel’s War of Independence. Garey served as a radio operator in both conflicts. He discusses his influences for participating in both wars.\u003c/p\u003e"]},"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/105/162/small/William_Garey.png?1619298039","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - Garey_William.mp4"]},"duration":7447.019,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/105/162/small/William_Garey.png?1619298039","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-thebreman.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/105/162/original/Garey_William.mp4?1614508597","type":"Video","format":"video/mp4","duration":7447.019,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Garey_William [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BAUMAN: Hello, this is Mark Bauman. I am a retired Professor of History and I\nedit the journal Southern Jewish History. I am here today interviewing William\nSanchez Gary. Today's date is December 22, 2015. This interview is being\nconducted at his home, 1718 Barnsdale Way, Atlanta, Georgia. Mr. Garey, Bill,\nthank you for agreeing to participate in the [Esther and Herbert] Taylor Oral\nHistory Project ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the Breman Museum. Bill, I am going to start out slow. What I\nwant to do is go all the way back and get into your background, and then we will\nbring it forward. Why don't we start with your father's family? Tell me about\nyour father's family.\n\nGAREY: My father's name was Harry Gottheimer... G-O-T-T-H-E-I-M-E-R. The name\nwas changed somewhere in the 1930's. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"My suspicion, from what I heard... I had a\nmuch older sister who was brilliant. She got a scholarship to Harvard\n[University--Cambridge, Massachusetts], actually to Radcliffe\n[College--Cambridge, Massachusetts], which was the feminine side of Harvard, but\nthere were quotas for Jewish people at colleges in those days, which was pretty\nbad. The name change, I felt... because of my father [who] didn't want to do it.\nHe was well-known in the stationery field, and his ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=60.0,90.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"name meant something\ncommercially. He wasn't all that religious. He was a Reform Jew. I always kidded\nhim [saying] that's like Unitarian Judaism, after I came back from over there.\nWe were not raised... he didn't... care whether we went to very much shul\n[Yiddish: synagogue] or not.\n\nBAUMAN: Where did he come from? Where was his family from?\n\nGAREY: Athens, Georgia. He was born [there], but his parents came from, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=90.0,120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I was\ntold, a town called 'Aschaffenburg,' which is in Bavaria [Germany] not far from\nFrankfurt am Main maybe. That is all I ever heard. He never told me much. When I\ncame along, the last of the children, his parents... I have very little memory\nof them. I remember the heavy German accent.\n\nBAUMAN: Do you know roughly when they came over from Germany?\n\nGAREY: It would have to have been after ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=120.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Civil War, sometime between after\nthe Civil War and whenever.\n\nBAUMAN: Why did they settle in Athens?\n\nGAREY: I really don't [know], but there was quite a community of Germans for\nforeign Jews in Athens. The Boley family, who are distantly related and was a\nlawyer, and Bertram Boley is in Atlanta today. He [might be able to] tell you\nmore, because he went to Germany. Bertram S. Boley [Jr.]... he is an attorney\nhere in Atlanta. He might ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=150.0,180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"want to. I don't know. They had a Jewish cemetery in\nAthens, but we never could find any of my grandmother's or grandfather's graves.\nI suspect when everybody left town they used them over again. Some cemeteries\nhave been known to do that. I don't know. It was the Athens cemetery.\n\nBAUMAN: What type of work did your grandfather ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=180.0,210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"do?\n\nGAREY: I am telling you what he told me. They had bad weather there, and his\nfather was running a little store which was also a post office in a town that\nthen was called Rayle, Georgia... R-A-Y-L-E, I think. No, wait a minute. Back\nup. It was first called 'Helena.' He had the post office in his general store.\nHis wife's name was 'Helen,' ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=210.0,240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so they called the town 'Helena,' Georgia. Later it\nbecame 'Rayle.' Now it's [near] Athens [Georgia]. It was taken in by Athens. It\nwas right near that river. The storm they had tore things up in his store, and\nhim trying to save the goods out of the store he caught something and died.\n\nMy father never got to go to high school. He dropped out of high school, because\nhe had a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=240.0,270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sister and a brother. I think there were three of them. He would be the\nonly support, so they went to Atlanta. Somewhere, if they haven't been thrown\nout, [I have] the letters where he got the job carrying bags for... Montag\nBrothers, who were also German Jews, had a stationery place. You many know\nsomething about them. They were pretty big at one time. He went to work for a\nMontag [as a] salesman, and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=270.0,300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"he eventually... he was with them 60 years, I\nbelieve... worked his way up to executive vice-president and had stock in the\ncompany when they incorporated, with very little education. He did know how to\nplay a concert flute, and his father did, too. He used to play the flute. I\nthink maybe in Germany they had some activity like that. I don't know. One\ninteresting thing. My brother and I weren't doing ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=300.0,330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"good in school.\n\nBAUMAN: What was your brother's name?\n\nGAREY: Harry Garey. My sister was Mavis Garey. We weren't doing good, and we got\nin trouble and all that stuff. He decided to send us to prep schools up North.\nHe didn't want us to be in the same school or bad trouble. Harry went to Rutgers\nPrep[aratory School] in New Brunswick, New Jersey. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=330.0,360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He sent me to a little school\ncalled Pennington in Pennington, New Jersey, a town of 900. Pennington was\nactually about a 150-year-old seminary for Methodist ministers, but they had\npaying students there, too, to pay for the food and clothing that the Methodist\nministers' kids got. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=360.0,390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The kids up there found out... they asked me, and I told\nthem I was half Jewish. They weren't so bad with me, but a couple of other kids\nthat were there... They called us 'halfies,' 'Hey, halfy!' but they were\ngenerally nice. They were not particularly... faculty and administration...\nprejudiced. I never got called any names up there, I will say that, which was\nunusual. Down here [in] high school, the minute ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=390.0,420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they heard the name\n'Gottheimer'... up there... in New York, a particularly bad name was 'mocky.' I\ndon't know if you have ever hear that name. Most people have never heard it.\n\nI had a good friend who wasn't Jewish, and we would go... Washington Heights in\nNew York was a real nice place then. We would go stay in his parents' [home] in\na condo, I guess, or apartment. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=420.0,450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He was a mischievous guy and had a gang. His\nname was Petry Vance [sp]. He wasn't Jewish. I don't know if that was Irish or\nItalian or what. They were Episcopalians or no telling. I didn't get any hassle\nfrom them at all. I don't know why I threw that [in]. Washington Heights, last\ntime I was in New York I wanted to go up there. I asked the policeman how to get\nup there, and he said, \"Don't go up there. The Dominican drug gangs ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=450.0,480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"run that\nplace now.\" It was a very nice, middle class sort of a place then. Pennington...\nfinally I made it out of there.\n\nBAUMAN: What a second, before you leave there. What subjects did you enjoy? Were\nthere any good teachers that you remember?\n\nGAREY: Yes, I had very good... the teachers were very good and very nice. It was\nsort of a general high school course. I was interested in ham radio then, but I\nhadn't ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=480.0,510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"gone ahead with it. That's about all. I was mainly interested in\nmischievous things. You couldn't smoke or drink anywhere there. The football\nplayers would bring it up on the roof. It was about a four-story, 150-year-old\nbuilding. The teachers started to come up there, and the big burly football\nplayers would [say], \"We'll throw you off the [unintelligible: 8:40] of the\nschool.\" You know how kids that age are.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=510.0,540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BAUMAN: Were you involved in any extracurricular activities?\n\nGAREY: No, I was not athletic at all. I liked to watch it. I joined the camera\nclub. I had a little $15 Argus. One thing we did [was] me and another kid, who\nbecame a Methodist minister later, bicycled over to Princeton\n[University--Princeton, New Jersey]. We got the idea and interviewed Albert\nEinstein. We managed to locate him in his little house, and he was very, very\nnice to us. I've got... ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=540.0,570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"My nephew and everybody's got... I've got the school's\nannual that printed our pictures in it. He talked to us, and we asked him a few\nquestions. He was very nice and kind. I think he thought we were funny maybe.\nThat was about six miles through Hopewell [New Jersey] to Princeton.\n\nBAUMAN: Did he say anything that influenced you?\n\nGAREY: No, we didn't talk about... ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=570.0,600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I know later on students would call him for\nanswers to physics problems. No, we didn't say anything about that. He just said\nvery few words, and he smiled. [He was] very kind, with his wild hair, and\nthat's about all there was to that. They did print the story and the pictures of\nit. They keep moving these books, but I've got my annuals and there's a picture\nof us in the camera club and the story ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=600.0,630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of our adventure.\n\nBAUMAN: Let's come back to your father. He is working in Atlanta at Montag Brothers.\n\nGAREY: Right. He travelled extensively. [He was] in sales, but he also did\ndesign... $25 boxes of fancy stationery that we don't use anymore. He was good\nat stealing designs, we kidded him, from other products and adapting them,\nbecause the attraction of the box. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=630.0,660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He did. He would see something attractive...\nHe went to New York [City] all the time. I went up there with him a couple of\ntimes. I went to Chicago [Illinois] with one of the other salesmen. I worked for\nMontag. My big problem [was that] about the only ones I could sell were the ones\nthey couldn't ship to because of Dun \u0026 Bradstreet. In fact, I was working for\nthem... That's further down the road.\n\nBAUMAN: What about your father and Judaism?\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=660.0,690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"GAREY: He was very, very... in fact it disturbs me now. He said, \"I don't know\nabout all that Red Sea crossing and all that.\" I think he went on Yom Kippur and\nRosh Ha-Shanah, things like that, like the Christians who go on Christmas and Easter.\n\nBAUMAN: Was he a member of the Temple?\n\nGAREY: Yes. In fact, he helped... there were some Temple bonds, I remember, I\nguess when they built it or improved it. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=690.0,720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I remember he said he didn't want them\ncashed anymore. He didn't want any money back from them in his estate. He did go\nthere when he went, but he didn't care... My mother was Roman Catholic, and she\nfell out with him over the... it was legally enforceable.\n\nBAUMAN: Before we get into that, let's continue with your father for a little\nbit more. Was he a member of the Standard Club?\n\nGAREY: He certainly was, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=720.0,750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the [Jewish] Progressive Club, too. I don't know if\nyou knew this, but there was sort of a divide between the German-Jewish people\nand the Eastern European [Jews]. They were 'kikes.' We were just 'mockies' or\nwhatever other name you want to think of. Sheeny... that's another one. When my\nmother would get mad at him, she would say, \"Quit acting like a sheeny.\" ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=750.0,780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He was\na kind, good man. You couldn't have asked for a better father at all. He didn't\nreally care what we went to. Mother got into a rather... I don't want to divert.\n\nBAUMAN: Did he know [Rabbi] David Marx? I assume he knew David Marx. Was there\nany interaction with him and David Marx?\n\nGAREY: Who was David Marx?\n\nBAUMAN: He was the rabbi at the Temple.\n\nGAREY: Yes. He did know him, and there were some later ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=780.0,810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"rabbis, too. When Dr. Marx...\n\nBAUMAN: Rothschild? [Rabbi] Jack Rothschild?\n\nGAREY: I faintly remember. He didn't go often. I doubt if he went five times a\nyear. My neighbors next door, the Morrisons [sp]... she's Jewish. I guess he is,\ntoo. I didn't know it. I was talking to her at the door one day. \"Did you have a\ngood Christmas?\" [makes a face to show that neighbor was surprised] She said,\n\"We don't celebrate Christmas.\" I looked and there was a mezuzah on her door. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=810.0,840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I\ndidn't see it. I said, \"Our celebration was...\" Of course, I'm a believer in\nJesus Christ as the Messiah. The only difference, particularly after talking to\na lot of the Orthodox and others in Israel, the only dividing line I see [is\nthat] they think the Messiah is still coming. We believe Jesus was the Messiah.\nIt boils down to about that, because I've had some very ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=840.0,870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"serious Bible teachers,\nand they spend more time in the Torah, the Old Testament, generally speaking.\nThey don't use the commentaries or Talmud or... I forget the names now of some\nof the others. I looked into them, even the Kabbalah. It's too far out for me.\n\nBAUMAN: Was he a member of the Jewish Educational Alliance? Did he go to the\nJewish Community Center?\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=870.0,900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"GAREY: Most of his friends, not all of them, but I would say [unintelligible:\n14:55] were Jewish people. He did the social things, but strictly with the\nReform group. He had some friends that were Orthodox. Because of his lifestyle\nand upbringing, he just took it as normal. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=900.0,930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The name 'Gottheimer' was big in\nstationery, and he really did not like that. He did it to please my daughter, I\nguess. She went on to Harvard, and then she got a scholarship to the University\nof California at Berkeley. I said, \"The little red school house in Harvard and\nthe big red school house at Berkeley.\" I became very conservative.\n\nBAUMAN: That was your daughter?\n\nGAREY: No, that was my elder sister, Mavis, who is deceased now. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=930.0,960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In the name\nchange, I got a lot of questions in school. \"What happened? Did your old man\nleave your old lady?\" I said, \"No.\" You know how kids are. Your name [is]\nsuddenly not 'Gottheimer' but 'Garey.' My daughter and my... I did some research\nin Israel. [The name 'Gottheimer'] might be equivalent to the name 'Bethel' [or]\n'House of God.' There's a town [Bethel] over there [in Israel] with both a good\nreputation and later ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=960.0,990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"became false religion. You know the story better than I do\nprobably. A lot of the Israelis change their names from whatever to Hebrew\nnames. My memory... the guy I told you...\n\nBAUMAN: Shulman?\n\nGAREY: What?\n\nBAUMAN: Hyman Shulman?\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=990.0,1020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"GAREY: Hyman Shamir [sp]. Hyman Scheckman [sp].\n\nBAUMAN: Hyman Scheckman.\n\nGAREY: Yes. That's right. He became 'Hyman Shamir.' There are some prominent\nShamirs over there, but I don't think he was related. He just decided to change\nhis name.\n\nBAUMAN: Let's switch over to your mother. Tell me about your mother's family\nbackground and your mother.\n\nGAREY: Old Spanish, from the discovery of Florida when Spain owned Florida.\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=1020.0,1050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What... 1838, I think?\n\nBAUMAN: Even before that.\n\nGAREY: When we bought it from... No, they went back to about 1500 in Florida,\nand her family went way back. 'Sanchez' is a very common name, like 'Smith,' in\nSpanish. She was one of 11 children, and her father was land rich. He had\nSpanish land grants, and he had rental property.\n\nBAUMAN: Where?\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=1050.0,1080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"GAREY: St. Augustine [Florida]. They were all right in St. Augustine, the\noriginal town there. He got in the cattle business. Florida was open range\ncattle like Texas in those days, and he spent nights out on the range. He was a\nvery versatile man. I remember a little about him. He was a very kind man, I\nremember. They were crazy about my daddy. In fact, when he died, they made\nhim... he didn't want to, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=1080.0,1110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but they made him executor of their will. They knew he\nwas honest. The problem was he had land that today would be worth thousands [of\ndollars] an acre. He couldn't get $3 an acre. [It was] waterfront, with the bay\nthere. My mother's sister had houses right on the bay. I think they call it...\nwhere the Matanzas Inlet is. You are aware of history where the Spanish murdered\nall those Protestants? ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=1110.0,1140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"French Huguenots, they were, up in Jacksonville\n[Florida]. They named the inlet there and the river 'Matanzas River.' 'Murder'\n[slaughters] in Spanish. He owned the land there. Beautiful beach and all, but\nfinally he said his sister doesn't have anything. I've got to sell it. I don't\nwant to sell it. You have to give it away. His own lawyer bought some of it, and\nthat kind of smells to me. I guess he needed to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=1140.0,1170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sell it. I knew her brother\nwell, and I knew her two sisters. In fact, I went to their funerals.\n\nBAUMAN: Your aunts and uncles.\n\nGAREY: Yes, aunts and uncle. We weren't close, but I knew them. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=1170.0,1200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"[memoirist\nsuffers a coughing spell, interview resumes] Whenever we went to St. Augustine,\nhe had to stop and check up on them... [pause to recover and take a drink of\nwater] Maybe I better ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=1200.0,1230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"cut to the chase. When the war broke out...\n\nBAUMAN: Wait a second. You're going too far too fast.\n\nGAREY: I was going to skip to get closer to Israel.\n\nBAUMAN: We need the background so it makes sense.\n\nGAREY: I graduated in...\n\nBAUMAN: Your mom was Catholic. How did your mother and father meet?\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=1230.0,1260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"GAREY: How did she what?\n\nBAUMAN: How did they meet?\n\nGAREY: I guess he was traveling. I don't know, but I suspect he may have been\nselling [to] her father who had some stores, because they traveled to Florida.\nThat's all I know about it. He never did tell me. He liked them, and they liked\nhim. They used to come up here and visit us when they were alive. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=1260.0,1290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One of them...\nwhen my mother died he was 90, and he drove from wherever he was living all the\nway up. He was one of the young relatives. They were nice people. I'm not sure\nhow seriously Catholic they were, but they went to a Catholic church. That's\nabout all there was, until the war came along.\n\nBAUMAN: Your mother ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=1290.0,1320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"could not marry a non-Catholic.\n\nGAREY: If you did, you had to sign a legally-binding document that your children\nwould be raised Catholic. For some reason... my father didn't care really, but\nshe didn't want to do it. She got kicked out or left, one or the other. They\ndon't have that law anymore. They got rid of it. I know some Catholics that I\nconsider ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=1320.0,1350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a lot better Christians than I am. I also am totally aware of the\nhistory. Have you ever read the book The [Anguish] of the Jews? I think a\nCatholic priest or bishop wrote it. [It] covered it better than anybody, because\nCatholics did most of it. A lot of it, anyway. I'm talking about 2,000 years in Europe.\n\nBAUMAN: Who married them? Did they have a rabbi perform the ceremony? A priest?\n\nGAREY: I think a local...\n\nBAUMAN: Justice of the peace.\n\nGAREY: Justice of the peace. Somebody like that.\n\nBAUMAN: Were they married in St. Augustine ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=1350.0,1380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or were they married in Atlanta?\n\nGAREY: I don't even know that. We've read in some of the documents, but I have\njust forgotten. It was hardly ever discussed in the family.\n\nBAUMAN: She moved to Atlanta...\n\nGAREY: With him. He was already living here. When he got that job carrying the\nbags, she had to move here.\n\nBAUMAN: Where did they live in Atlanta?\n\nGAREY: Before I was born, I don't ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=1380.0,1410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"know. Now... and the house is still a\nbeautiful house, on 41 Peachtree Circle NE... not far from here at all. It's a\nbig two-story house, but the upper story has never been finished. It was like a\nbig attic. The guy that lives there now is part Jewish. He came over here from\nEngland, but his parents were Reform, too, I think. There have been several\npeople [who have] owned it, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=1410.0,1440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and each one fixed... The house was built in 1911.\n\nBAUMAN: When were you born?\n\nGAREY: [In] 1924.\n\nBAUMAN: What date?\n\nGAREY: August 20, 1924.\n\nBAUMAN: Were you raised Jewish or what?\n\nGAREY: No. My mother and her sister were investigating various Christian groups,\nand she got in one that I personally ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=1440.0,1470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"feel is cultish and that it has things in\nit that are not in the New [Testament] or the Old Testament. But they were very\nnice people...\n\nBAUMAN: Christian Science?\n\nGAREY: That's what it was. How did you know?\n\nBAUMAN: Your granddaughter told us.\n\nGAREY: I can't say anything against the people, like wherever we went... when we\nlived in California once, [we] met some of them. They would bring you to their\nhouse. They are just very nice, but doctrinely speaking I am kind of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=1470.0,1500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"hard-nosed\nabout that. If it's not in the Bible, I don't want to consider it if it's\ncontra. I don't mean I shun somebody. It means I just don't believe it.\n\nBAUMAN: What was your mother's name?\n\nGAREY: My mother's name was Emily Sanchez... Emily Claire [sp], I believe,\nSanchez, as I remember.\n\nBAUMAN: You were raised as a Christian Scientist.\n\nGAREY: That's the only ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=1500.0,1530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"church that I remember. They are very engaging people. I\nwould say it is maybe 85 percent Christian, but the other part is hard... I\ndon't want to get into that type of thing, but it is hard to get out of your\nmind. It's sort of very nice, but it ain't true. Unfortunately, there's a lot of\nthings like that around.\n\nBAUMAN: Did you go the Christian Science temple on Peachtree [Street]?\n\nGAREY: I certainly did. One of my earliest memories... You know this ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=1530.0,1560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"big white\nchurch at the Christian Science Center?... is sitting on the steps there. We\nwould walk up... her house is just about two minutes from there, at the corner\nof Peachtree Circle and Lafayette Drive. If you go out that way, you can go by\nit. It is quite impressive. The three different wealthy owners have fixed\neverything up nice. When my mother died, it needed a lot of work. Our kids were\nout of the house, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=1560.0,1590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so I said why take that on. It would have been a good investment.\n\nBAUMAN: Was there anyone that was important to you or influenced you growing up\nas a teenager?\n\nGAREY: There probably were. A lot of the teachers in school were very nice and\nall, and I had my own friends. I can't think of any particular influence outside.\n\nBAUMAN: No religious figure or anything like that?\n\nGAREY: No. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=1590.0,1620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"At Methodist Pennington... which still exists... School, they had us\nread the Bible and Bible lessons. I listened to all that. Some of it I agreed\nwith and some I didn't, but the people were nice. The headmaster was\nninety-something years old. It was Dr. Francis Harvey Green. He was a retired\nMethodist minister. They didn't press Christianity on their students that didn't\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=1620.0,1650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"want it, like the Jewish boys. [There were] a lot of Jewish kids there.\n\nBAUMAN: When did you graduate?\n\nGAREY: I think... If we could find those annuals [yearbooks]... I believe 1939,\nis nearest in my memory.\n\nBAUMAN: What did you do after that?\n\nGAREY: It may have been later than that, because my father wanted me to live at\nhome... ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=1650.0,1680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"he would pay for it... and go to Georgia [Institute of]\nTech[nology--Atlanta, Georgia]. I did. I didn't like the work. I wasn't too good\nat calculus, so when we got into World War II...\n\nBAUMAN: What was your major?\n\nGAREY: Electrical engineering, because I was an amateur radio operator...\n[greets someone off camera]\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=1680.0,1710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BAUMAN: How did you get into ham radio?\n\nGAREY: Just through friends. It was pretty popular in Atlanta then, and it was\nuseful in emergencies. We had networks. People [could] communicate in\nemergencies. I stayed in it a long time. I had a little two-meter radio in my\ncar for a long time. Everybody has cell phones now. You don't need that. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=1710.0,1740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That\nwas my main hobby. Motorcycle riding, unfortunately. I beat on my father who\ndidn't want me to have one, but I kept at him. It was close to the [World] War\n[II]. I had a 1941 Indian Chief... big heavy motorcycle. I had a bad accident\nand broke my back. I was laid up in a cast for a long time. While I was laid up,\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=1740.0,1770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I said I don't ever want to see one again. When I went up to the Indian\nmotorcycle shop, and they had fixed the bike and everybody is looking at me, I\nwas too proud. I went over and humped up and cranked it and tore out of there\nlike a big-ass bird... you know the symptoms. I stayed on the ground about as\nmuch as I stayed up. That was the only serious one up until then. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=1770.0,1800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Thank G-d I\ncame out of it all right. We didn't even wear helmets. There was no requirement.\n\nBAUMAN: Were you involved in fraternities at Georgia Tech?\n\nGAREY: No, I wasn't a frat[ernity] type. I lived at home. I didn't live in the\n[dormitory]. I had good friends that lived in them. One of my best friends from\nConnecticut, he was a motorcycle rider, too. [We] traveled in packs. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=1800.0,1830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The next\nimportant thing, I started at Georgia Tech, and I didn't really like the work. I\ndidn't seem to have a head for it, so when we got into World War II I quit there\nand joined the Army. They had all sorts of ways to get you to join, and they\ntold me and my friend... we both joined. He was from Connecticut. We would sign\nthis paper, and they promised to send us to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=1830.0,1860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"motorcycle school and make us\ndispatch riders on motorcycles. We joined.\n\nI ended up a radio operator on an air transport, and he ended up a B-29 pilot.\nHe never got any action, because he just finished up too late. Japan surrendered\nand all that. They separated us and sent me to New Mexico for basic training out\nthere and so forth through the war. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=1860.0,1890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What I want to get up to... my assignment...\nI was in the air transport... My eyes were bad. I hired a guy to take my eye\ntest so I could go to the Army school, but the only friend I had was Chinese and\nthat didn't work out. They caught us. [It was] the best thing that ever\nhappened. All the guys that went to gunnery school went into the Eighth Air\nForce, the 100th [Infantry Division] over in England, [and I] never heard from\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=1890.0,1920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"them again. I heard there were 35,000 airmen killed bombing Germany out of\nEngland, so that was good destiny there. I didn't know any better. I wanted to\nshoot the machine guns and knock down those lousy Germans... Nazis.\n\nI had assignments over here, and then they sent us all to Marrakesh, French\nMorocco. We had a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=1920.0,1950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"base there. We were running cargo and passengers and so forth.\nThen, after not very long there, they transferred us. They built a new airfield\nat Cairo, Egypt. It's Cairo International [Airport] now. In those days, it was\nPayne Field. They named it after somebody over there. [Egypt] was right next\ndoor to Israel, and when we got time off and we were on base, you could ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=1950.0,1980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"go up\nthere. We had a rest camp, Tel Litvinsky [renamed Tel HaShomer in 1948], up\nthere, and you could go on all the tours. The contrast between Israel and the\nArab countries... [the Arabs] were extremely poor. You go down the Nile River,\nand if you get to be 40 years old you they consider it a ripe old age. It was\nvery bad. There were only 40,000,000 Egyptians then. Now there are over\n80,000,000. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=1980.0,2010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lord knows what they are doing now.\n\nThat's where I got familiar with Israel. I ran into... one guide we had I found\nout was in the Haganah, and I talked to him. I was very impressed by what they\nwere doing. I really was. We even had pilots who would fake engine trouble to\nland up there at Lod. Tel Aviv Airport was 'Lod.' We would go... they had little\nnightclubs ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=2010.0,2040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"all along the beach with making your own beer in the basement. Just\nlike Europe.\n\nBAUMAN: Let's come backward for a second. Your father was Reform. He was a\nmember of the Temple. David Marx was anti-Zionist, even into World War II.\n\nGAREY: My father was anti-Zionist, too, because I went over there. That's the\nreason. I didn't tell my parents where I was... I won't say he was anti-Zionist.\nHe was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=2040.0,2070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"too busy working to wonder what's going on the Middle East. He just was\ndisinterested, I guess. I really have been tempted to tell people I went over\nthere because I was patriotic and wanted to help the Jews. No, I wasn't doing\ntoo well on my calculus test, and I didn't like school. That's why I went over\nthere. I wanted to see a little excitement maybe.\n\nBAUMAN: You were stationed in Cairo. What type of work were you doing on the planes?\n\nGAREY: I was on the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=2070.0,2100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"crew as a radio operator. In those days, they carried a\npretty well-equipped radio man with a trailing wire antenna. Today, you just\npress a button. No more radio operators on aircraft. In fact, a B-52 [has] a\nvery small crew.\n\nBAUMAN: You were a radio operator on a B-52 crew.\n\nGAREY: No, most of my time was on the C-130. It's a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=2100.0,2130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"big fat tub.\n\nBAUMAN: Cargo ship.\n\nGAREY: Yes, cargo ship. You remember them. Cargo and passengers, but the\npassengers were in bucket seats.\n\nBAUMAN: Where were you going?\n\nGAREY: What they did [was] they set up an airline and called it the 'Air\nTransport Command.' We had our own insignia. I've got some. They went all the\nway from Liberia, or Robertsfield, on the west coast [of Africa] all the way to\nthe Chinese border. We had various ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=2130.0,2160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"military air fields, Iran, Iraq, all over...\nHabbaniyah, Iraq. We were supplying them and bring in people when they needed\nit. It was quite an operation.\n\nWe went down into Africa, Sudan. They called it 'Anglo-Egyptian Sudan' in those\ndays. A little bit in central Africa. The war was in North Africa. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=2160.0,2190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We brought\nsupplies for the Army. We were there after the Eighth Army turned [Erwin] Rommel\naround, but the United States was still fighting the remains of the German army.\nThey finally put them out through Tunis [Tunisia] and Sicily and on. You know\nthe rest. When they got up in Italy, we were flying supplies up into Italy,\nCiampino and Naples Airport, wherever the Army needed ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=2190.0,2220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"people or something we\ncould bring. Fortunately, we only went to the Chinese border, because guys that\nflew the 'Hump'... that was the India-China wing. We weren't in that. That was\nvery, very bad. They had it rough. They had some Japanese fighters operating\nover there, too, but the mountains got most of them. We had C-47s, the Gooney\nBirds... ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=2220.0,2250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the DC-3, to start with. The C-46 was a big improvement, but it had a\nlot of new stuff on it that caused a lot of trouble.\n\nBAUMAN: Were you very close to the crew members on your plane?\n\nGAREY: Yes. There were just three of us. They were two officers, and I was a\nsergeant, an enlisted man. I had to do all the dirty work. We had a\ndouble-decker [plane and] down below we had some problems with the little 'putt\nputt,' the little engine that you had to start to get it going. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=2250.0,2280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You had to ride\ndown there with the 'putt putt' on takeoff, and that wasn't very much fun. There\nwas a lot of oil leaks and stuff.\n\nBAUMAN: Do you remember of the names of the officers?\n\nGAREY: It comes to me. My memory is kind of fluid like that now. Sommers [sp]. I\nremember one name. I think [he] was a lieutenant then. There was one with a\nPolish name. Baranowsky [sp]. A little short, cocky guy. He was a good pilot.\nLieutenant, or maybe ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=2280.0,2310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Captain, Baranowsky.\n\nBAUMAN: What did you do after Cairo?\n\nGAREY: I came back here, and I started back to Georgia Tech. I still didn't like\nit. Here [was] my dad offering to pay for it and let me live at home. I really\ncan't ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=2310.0,2340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"remember. I was following... after meeting the Israelis and talking to\nthem, and comparing their civilization and the Arab countries... I really had no\nhatred for the Arabs then. Some of the stuff they've done now, the hatred just\neats you up anyway. I didn't go over there with a desire to kill a bunch of Arabs.\n\nBAUMAN: You were going to Georgia Tech. You really didn't like it.\n\nGAREY: I don't think I was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=2340.0,2370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"capable of probably the... I just had no flare for\nthe higher math stuff and theoretical. I was interested in being a ham radio\noperator. I was interested in the hardware and techniques, but maybe I didn't\nhave the brains. I don't know. Who knows?\n\nBAUMAN: You left Georgia Tech?\n\nGAREY: Somebody... I can't remember whether I contacted one of the... It might\nhave been... Lieutenant Greenbaum [sp], that was one of my pilots I was very\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=2370.0,2400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"close to. I don't know whether he contacted somebody and told me more about what\nwas going [on] over there. He said, \"Would you like some guys in New York trying\nto do something? The government is screwing us. They are locating all of our\ngood equipment we had stashed.\" Fighter planes. They had three B-17s stashed.\nThey had been out... this was a local organization affiliated with... Al\nSchwimmer was doing a lot of it, most of it.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=2400.0,2430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BAUMAN: Had you ever heard the name the Sonneborn Group?\n\nGAREY: No, I never heard that, as I remember. Finally, they sent me an airline\nticket, and I went to New York. We were waiting around for instructions. Hyman\nSchechman... Shamir... was running it. I don't believe the [Israelis] would have\nhad an air force without him. He was a very able guy. He was a pilot, too, but\nhe did mostly organizing. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=2430.0,2460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He worked with Schwimmer. I think it was Schwimmer or\nsomebody asked me, \"You want to go to Israel?\" I said, \"Yes.\" He said,\n\"Shlemiel.\" These guys wanted to help, but they weren't about to... which was\nprobably wise.\n\nThey put me in a phone booth with a hat full of coins. \"Every name you can see\nthat's Jewish in the New York phone book, call them and try to recruit them.\" I\nsaid, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=2460.0,2490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"How do I know? I know some names [are] Jewish, but I don't know... New\nYork has a lot of Jewish people.\" He said, \"When they first pick up the phone,\nsay 'Bist a Yid'\" I said, \"Say it again, 'Bist a Yid?'\" [\"Are you a Jew?\"] One\nguy said, \"That cracker ain't going to make it doing this. I can tell you that.\"\nI actually did talk to a couple of... somebody gave me the name. It was a guy\nnamed 'Harry Axelrod,' same name as [President Barack] Obama's buddy [David\nAxelrod]. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=2490.0,2520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I recruited him, and he was very good over there. He went with Bedek,\nwhich was Israel Aircraft Industries, and worked his way up, but I lost contact\nwith Harry. He did his job good. He would roust the guys out of the tent in the\nmorning and get them to work.\n\nBAUMAN: You are starting in New York.\n\nGAREY: Right.\n\nBAUMAN: Did they send you over to Israel?\n\nGAREY: Yes. Finally, after we did whatever they wanted us to do. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=2520.0,2550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We had\nwarehouses with stuff hidden in it. Most of it was not guns because you don't\nwant to get caught in New York [with guns]. It was war equipment that the United\nNations said we couldn't send. It was always the United Nations... the United\nStates agreed to do what England, who was supplying and training Egypt,\nJordan... Transjordan [then]... but Egypt and all the rest of them... said, \"We\nhave treaties. We are not going to obey the United Nations' order.\" ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=2550.0,2580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The United\nStates... we can't send our ally... favorable to Israel. They didn't want Israel\nto succeed at all, that particular administration. I don't think it was Ike\n[President Dwight David Eisenhower] as much as it was ...\n\nBAUMAN: It would have been [President Harry] Truman.\n\nGAREY: No, I believe... Eisenhower was in there, wasn't he? Maybe I am getting confused.\n\nBAUMAN: Eisenhower was after Truman. Israel was established when Truman was president.\n\nGAREY: This was 1946, right after I got out of the...\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=2580.0,2610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BAUMAN: Truman.\n\nGAREY: Truman was in? That's right. FDR [President Franklin Delano Roosevelt]\ndied. I always blamed it on Ike. I liked a lot of things about Ike, but...\nsomebody told me that. They even sent prostitutes in amongst the... a lot of\nguys were pilots. The FBI [Federal Bureau of Investigation] sent prostitutes\namong the pilots. One of them fell in love with one of the pilots and spilled\nthe whole deal to them of what the [FBI] were doing, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=2610.0,2640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which was a good thing. It\nwas pretty wild. We were at the Fisk Building, 250 West 57th Street, and they\nhad formed an airline called 'Service Airways.' Then they formed an airline in\nPanama called 'Lineas Aereas de Panama].' It was all a sham. The idea was they\nfound they couldn't get the... they bought ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=2640.0,2670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"C-46s, transports, the bit fat one.\n\nBAUMAN: Where did they buy them from?\n\nGAREY: Surplus. The war ended, and we had hundreds of them. They only paid\n$5,000 apiece, and they bought two Constellations, the triple-tail... C-69s.\nThey paid $25,000 for those. They were getting them out of the country. They\ndreamed up this thing of two airlines, and they fly them in service for a while.\nThen they go to Panama. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=2670.0,2700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Next stop, over there in [Israel]... The base they had\nover there, the secret base was on [unintelligible: 44:52] Corsica, I believe\nthat is. They were operating out of Corsica. This was all Americans and Israelis\ninvolved in that. Then, when the FBI found the Mustangs and the Thunderbolts,...\ngreat airplanes, Thunderbolt fighter planes... they somehow or another...\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=2700.0,2730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Czechoslovakia was in the process of being taken over by [Joseph] Stalin, but\nthey were building these... Germany had set up a factory in Czechoslovakia to\nbuild the Me 109, but you couldn't get the good engine. I believe it was a BMW\nengine. I'm not sure. They got the engine that went in the Stuka... [Do] you\nremember the Stuka?... which is underpowered. That was part of the problem, but\nthe main problem was the little narrow ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=2730.0,2760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"landing gear, which affected the German\npilots, as well as ours. That was all they could get, so they started\ndismantling them and smuggling them in.\n\nI remember, when I was with this group, they had a Messerschmitt covered in a\ntarp inside... disassembled... a C-46, and the Italian base inspector caught\nonto it. They told them, \"This cargo...\" ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=2760.0,2790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and this and that. He said, \"It may\nlook like that to you, but it looks like the Messerschmitt like I used to fly in\nthe German Air Force.\" They bribed their way out of that some way. I have\nforgotten. They were always doing things like they would send the Panamanian\nAmbassador cases of pineapple. [Unintelligible: 46:30] was a Panamanian. Of\ncourse, Panama... the ships they have there, phony registrations. They got the\nMesserschmitts in, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=2790.0,2820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and they brought some questionable Czech mechanics with them.\nThere was a guy named... Did you ever hear of Mordechai Alon? He was the head of\nour first fighter squadron, and his family, I was told... he didn't tell me...\n[he was a] very nice guy, a good pilot. He was in the Royal Air Force during\nWorld War II. He was the squadron commander.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=2820.0,2850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BAUMAN: Let's come back just a second.\n\nGAREY: I'm diverting you.\n\nBAUMAN: No, you are doing great. Very specifically, how did you get over there?\nDid you fly to Panama, then Cyprus?\n\nGAREY: They gave us a lot of false stuff and bought us tickets on Air France. We\ngot on a Connie [Constellation]... we got deluxe transportation to Paris\n[France]. I did something, me and the guys I was with, that I'm ashamed ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=2850.0,2880.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of now.\nWhen they were calling us to go from Paris to Italy and [from] there on... we\nwere supposed to be going to Singapore, I think. [We had] phony papers if\nanybody asked us. We hid in the bathroom when they were calling us for the\nflight, and we missed the flight. It was all my idea. I cooked it up to spend\nthe night in Paris. We came running out there raising hell like 'ugly\nAmericans.' \"Why didn't you tell us? ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=2880.0,2910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Our airplane has left.\" The poor French.\nThey booked us on the next day on an Italian airplane. We stayed in the old\nPalais Royale [Hotel] on the river there on the island. So we got to walk around\nParis and see a few things. That wasn't really the right thing to do. It didn't\ncost the Israelis. It cost the French. Then we went on. I'm trying to remember.\n\nBAUMAN: You went to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=2910.0,2940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Cyprus?\n\nGAREY: No, we went to Italy. I'm trying to remember the sequence of events. They\nhad some... do you know what a Noorduyn Norseman airplane is? It's a big\nsingle-engine huge airplane with a 450-horse[power] Pratt and Whitney [engine].\nIt can carry a hell of a lot. They are Canadian made, I believe. They were\nmilitary regiment. They bought a bunch of them, and they had to get them into\nIsrael. They are very useful ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=2940.0,2970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there. We equipped one with... to go, they had to\nfly way south of Cyprus, because the British radar was always looking. We had to\nput inside tanks in the cabin. The tanks were out of the DC-3, I believe, and\nthen one of my jobs... we had a wobble pump... when the outside tanks, [which]\nhad tubes going up into them, you would pump gas from inside to the outside\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=2970.0,3000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"tanks. Our flight ended up taking 16 hours, by the way. One of the hairiest\nthings I have ever been on because... we had developed a relationship with the\nItalian Air Force at Brindisi [Italy] down on the heel of the boot [of Italy].\nThey were actually helping us, and I guess a little of this went on, too. [makes\nhand gesture indicating bribing]\n\nWe had some Avro Ansons, which was the twin-engine ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=3000.0,3030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ancient British bomber. We\nhad some of those to get over there, too. These were disarmed. They didn't...\nguns and everything [were] taken off of them, so they were innocent. We had\ninvoices for Singapore, too. The next thing they put me on was one of the\nAnsons. They had two... an American pilot and the co-pilot's name was Barry\nRiley [sp], I think, and me. A threee-man crew. They were supposed to have the\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=3030.0,3060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"fix in at the Isle of Rhodes [Greece] to refuel. We come sailing into Rhodes,\nand the Greeks are in the middle of... the Communists were trying to take over\nGreece, and they had agents in Rhodes. Here we come in, and the guys who were\nsupposed to put the fix in slipped up. Here come the good little Greeks out with\nsubmachine guns, \"Who the hell is this coming in?\" We were trying to\n[unintelligible: 51:10], and they locked us up and impounded the airplane.\n\nI still remember ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=3060.0,3090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this little Greek, a little short guy. Harry knew languages. He\nkept calling him 'mikro pragma.' [sp] I said, \"What does that mean, Harry.\" He\nsaid, \"Little thing.\" I said, \"That guy is going to shoot you.\" He would stick\nthe machine gun, the little machine pistol, into Harry's gut and Harry would\nstick a screwdriver in his gut. I said, \"You are crazy. [Unintelligible: 51:43]\nwould put up with that.\" That's just the way Harry was. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=3090.0,3120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He bought a big,\nprobably prosciutto, a big ham, and had it in a parachute bag. The little Greek\npointed at that. \"Open it. Let me see what's in there.\" \"Atom bomb. Atom bomb in\nthere.\" Things like [that]. He was a clown, I am telling you. I was a little worried.\n\nThey locked us up, and then finally they put us on... we could go out where the\nhotel [was], but we couldn't leave the [Isle or Rhodes]. They seized the\nairplane. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=3120.0,3150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Meanwhile, all the schmeering [Yiddish: bribes] was going on. Finally,\nthey got us out one day. We said, \"We're going to take the Greek airline up to\nAthens. I believe we are going to get out of here.\" We couldn't get the\nairplanes out yet. Harry... one of the Greek pilots we had gotten friendly\nwith... Harry had disabled... done things to the engine. He said, \"They may take\nthem but they ain't going to fly them.\" He felt sorry about it... he told this\n[Greek] pilot, \"Listen. Don't let them ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=3150.0,3180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"talk you into flying one of those\nairplanes. You won't come back.\" This little guy's eyes got big. He was friendly\nwith the pilots in the air crew. We went to Athens [Greece]. I remember it was\nEaster, because I remember the parade. They have a big deal parade going up to\nthe Acropolis. I remember seeing that.\n\nBAUMAN: Was this 1947?\n\nGAREY: I think it was. It was before the war started. It must have been 1947. It\nhas to be. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=3180.0,3210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They got us out, and we went back to Italy. We were sort of based in\nItaly then. I can't remember whether it was Naples... I think it was Naples or\nRome we were operating out of. They wanted us to... not the twin engine, not the\nAnson this time, but the... ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=3210.0,3240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I have forgotten the name of that airplane, the one\nI... the big one, the big single-engine job. The [Noorduyn] Norseman, that's the\none. I skipped over to that, with a tank inside, but it wasn't... it was after,\nlater. We took off. I will never forget. Coleman [\"Collie\"] Goldstein and I\nthink Lou Lenart was on that one. They plotted to try to scare the hell out of\nme, which wasn't hard to do. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=3240.0,3270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We were going down the runway, and there was a lot\nof discussion. We didn't know whether we have the right weight and balance. We\ndidn't know whether this thing is going to get off the ground. 'Norseman' was\nthe name of the airplane. I forget what company made it.\n\nAs soon as they were going down the runway, both of them turned around and one\nof them starts, \"Yisgadal v'yisgadash [Aramaic],\" reciting the [Mourner's]\nKaddish, trying to terrify me. I was already scared enough, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=3270.0,3300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because I knew we\nhad a big... we had a third guy on there. What had happened, the Arabs had\nbought a load of brand new rifles and machine guns in Czechoslovakia. They had\nthem on a boat, and it wasn't... they didn't call it Mossad then, but they found\nout about it. They brought an Israeli frogman [scuba diver] over. The boat was\nin the harbor, and he put a limpet [mine] on the boat and down it went. That was\nin all the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=3300.0,3330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"[news] papers. We had to get him out of Israel. If I was him, I\nwouldn't have gone on that flight, but he didn't care. He was a very stoic guy.\nA young guy. All he did the whole flight... he had a big Smith \u0026 Wesson\nrevolver, and he [was] polishing it and singing a little song. He was probably a\nPalmach guy. They were the toughest. [They] don't give a crap.\n\nHe is sweating out a 16-hour flight out with us. We get to the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=3330.0,3360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"coast, and we\ncan't see any sign. They said they would fix the airfield for us. We were asking\nhim, and he [said], \"I don't know anything.\" He was looking out the window. It\nwas pitch black dark. By the way, there were two of us. The guy's name almost\ncame to my mind, flying the other one. They made a mistake and landed in Egypt.\nThey stayed in the can [jail] until the end... The Egyptians didn't mistreat\nthem, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=3360.0,3390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but they put them in jail. That was the other Anson, I mean the other\nNorseman, the Egyptians got. Finally, we see some flares. We had set out two\nflares. Coleman Goldstein was flying it, I believe. He said, \"That must be the airstrip.\"\n\nWe came down, and just as we're coming on final [descent] ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=3390.0,3420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they flash us red\nlights from a handgun. We pulled up and went around, thank goodness. They did\nthat two or three times. \"What in the hell? What are they trying to tell us?\" He\nsaid, \"Maybe there's an impediment in line with the runway.\" That's what it was.\nA big tree. Why they didn't cut it down, I don't know. The next time he came in\nhigh and made that type of approach. We got on the ground, and I remember...\nWhat was... ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=3420.0,3450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ezer Weizman was one of the ones who came out to meet us. I remember\nhim saying, \"These planes will save Galilee.\" I didn't really know exactly what\nhe meant. There I was. I remember... I don't know if this has any import or not,\nbut we had a big... I worked for a guy named Shlomo Monastersky [sp], ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=3450.0,3480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who\nchanged his name [unintelligible: 57:45], who was Latvian. He spoke every\nlanguage spoken in Europe. He was sort of my boss. He was running the\ncommunications and stuff like that. He was in a big battle with the Army over\nsome radios we had gotten over there.\n\nWe got them, and it was my idea. I said, \"Listen. We need to have this stuff\nnear where we're going to use them. Let's put them on the edge of the airfield.\"\nWe put ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=3480.0,3510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"them in huts on the edge of the airfield. The first night, when the State\n[of Israel] was born and they had that broadcast, I'm sitting on a bench in Tel\nAviv. The Egyptians decided to bomb us with DC-3s. They pushed them... they\ndidn't really have any heavy bombers... they just pushed bombs out the door.\nHere they come, and of all the bad luck they hit the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=3510.0,3540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"huts that had our radios in\nthem. I was the one that thought it was a good idea to put them there. That's\nhow much I helped Israel on that deal. Moni, Monastersky... 'Moni,' we called\nhim... said, \"Things happen.\" He said, \"I thought it was alright.\" [If] he had\nthem somewhere else, we would have left them there. I'm trying to remember the\nsequence of events what happened then. I can't get it in order. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=3540.0,3570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We ended up\ncarving a little fighter airfield up north of there. Herzliya, maybe. I've\nforgotten where it was. They brought the Messerschmitts in. That was all we had.\n\nThis guy I was trying to tell you about... I've forgotten what his name was. The\nguy that was head of the fighter squadron. Mordechai Alon. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=3570.0,3600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"'Alon' means 'oak\ntree' I think... Doesn't it?... in Hebrew. His family, I was told... [he was]\none of the nicest guys I ever met. He was a pilot and spoke English. He was a\nsquadron commander. His family had stayed in Israel for the last 2,000 years. A\nfew of them hid out. I was told this. He didn't tell me. Mordechai Alon. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=3600.0,3630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He was\na decent guy. A squadron commander. I am out there one day. [The Israelis] shot\ndown two Egyptian Spitfires. The British had given Egypt Spitfire IX's,\n\nwhich were a good model, and they painted a moon and star over the British\nthing. They got shot down, and the pilots got them down in recoverable state.\nThey built one good one out of it. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=3630.0,3660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A guy named Boris Senior [sp], who was from\nSouth Africa, a South African Jew, flew Spitfires, so he was the pilot on those.\nI remember when we were test flying it, little Harry was running out to us.\n\"It's good to be behind a Merlin again.\" The Merlin engine. He was a real warrior.\n\nBAUMAN: This is Mark Bauman. This is the second tape ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=3660.0,3690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of an interview with\nWilliam Sanchez Garey. It is December 22, 2015. Bill, let's continue where you\nwere going. You were already in Israel. It is during the War of Israeli Independence.\n\nGAREY: I can tell you one event. It's not in order, maybe, but...\n\nBAUMAN: Go ahead.\n\nGAREY: [Israel] had built a relationship with Yugoslavia. It was going under\nCommunist... ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=3690.0,3720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it was in the interim period.\n\nBAUMAN: [Josep] Tito.\n\nGAREY: Yes. What happened [was] the Russians were giving them jets, so they\nwanted to sell their Spitfires, which the British had given them. The\nIsraelis... I forget, five or six... bought a good quantity of Spit-IX's. I wish\nI could remember that guy's name. It just flew out of my head. He was an\nengineer for Grumman, and he had a... he was from New York. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=3720.0,3750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He was one of the\nguys we recruited. I just can't grab his name.\n\nMark: You'll remember it later on.\n\nGAREY: He was an engineer as well as a pilot. He went up there to prepare these\nfor a long flight, to put on fuel and all that, to bring them from Yugoslavia to\nIsrael non-stop. The sad part of it was they made it all except him. His engine\nwent bad, and he crashed in the mountains. I don't know what ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=3750.0,3780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"happened to him. He\nwas a nice guy, too. His wife was an invalid, and he left her reluctantly to go\nover there. It was one of those things. They told me to get a Collins radio off\nthe C-130. They were going to put a boat out there, like an air-sea rescue,\nbecause that was a long over-water flight, just in case.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=3780.0,3810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I went up there and put the thing on the boat, but the Israeli radio operator\ndidn't know how to use it, and he didn't speak English. I figured... I didn't\nget permission. I... said, \"I guess I'll have to go.\" He stayed, and I went out\nin the boat and we went out there. I remember some funny things happened. We ran\nout of drinking water. They weren't very well organized. They had a big .50\ncaliber Browning up on ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=3810.0,3840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the front of the boat, so they keep approaching ships\nscaring the hell out of them, and all they wanted to do was get some water. They\ndidn't know what was going on. They thought it was pirates coming to get them.\nWe finally got one [that] let us come close. \"We want water. We want drinking\nwater. That's all.\" They threw a line over, and they put a jug of water on it. I\nthought that was funny, because they could have called whatever coast guard,\nthey had up there to get these pirates [and] blast them out of the water. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=3840.0,3870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We\nwent out there, and I talked to the airplanes as they went over. Nothing\nhappened, so we went back. They wanted to know why the hell I went out on the\nboat. I said, \"Because the other guy didn't know how to operate the radio,\" and\nthey said, \"Okay.\"\n\nBAUMAN: Tell us about your passports.\n\nGAREY: This incident where they caught me and turned me over to the embassy.\nThey put me in jail first. That's when... ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=3870.0,3900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I can't remember the other guy's name.\nHave you read that big book about the war in Jerusalem?\n\nBAUMAN: Yes.\n\nGAREY: Freddy Fredkens was one of the bosses of the thing. He was Dutch. He was\na Dutch Jew and very active. He was a pilot. How did he come into what I was\ngoing to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=3900.0,3930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"tell you?\n\nBAUMAN: You were talking about the passports in Italy.\n\nGAREY: Yes. Freddie came down. I heard him speaking Yiddish. He bailed me out,\nand I heard him telling the other guy in Yiddish it cost him 'finf hundert\ndollars.' I said I didn't know I was worth $500 to anybody. He [memoirist shows\na look of surprise]... like that. I didn't speak... My father wasn't Yiddish\nspeaking, but I learned a lot of it from friends. A very picturesque ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=3930.0,3960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"language.\n\nBAUMAN: What was your name on the Italian passport?\n\nGAREY: It wasn't... I had my United States passport when this happened, and they\ntook it. They put a big stamp on it \"Good only...\" First they said, \"You ain't\ngoing nowhere.\" I said, \"I want my passport back.\" He said, \"You can't have it.\"\nThen he said, \"I'll give it you on one condition. I'm going to stamp it \"Good\nonly ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=3960.0,3990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for return to the United States of America.\" That was when I finally came\nback. I jumped to the end of the story there.\n\nI thought I was being cute, if I would come back on the boat. I knew they were\nwise to the airlines. They would come get you. I knew I was going to get\nsomething when I got back. I found there was one berth left. Do you remember the\nSS America? It was our biggest cross [Atlantic]... when you did things like\nthat. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=3990.0,4020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I got on there. A very nice ship. Five days, I think. I was in a stateroom\nwith an elderly Armenian importer. I still use his name as a password, because I\ncan remember it.\n\nBAUMAN: What is it?\n\nGAREY: Now it flew out of my head, because I'm thinking about it. I better\nremember it. I've got it written down somewhere, though...\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=4020.0,4050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"GAREY: You're not interested in the part here what they did when I got into New York.\n\nMark: I am, but I think we... let's come back. You said you had two different\npassports in two different names.\n\nGAREY: Yes, and whoever has got them now has got them. The Italian one was more\nlike a big sheet of paper. I had my picture on it. They did that... after they\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=4050.0,4080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"yanked me off the airplane and put me in the hoosegow and I got bailed out and\nthen telling me I had to go back... I wanted to go back to Israel. They rigged\nup a deal where they were smuggling young South African guys to fight in the\narmy there. They said I'll put you in with that bunch on the Caserta. [sp:\n1:08:15] It was some kind of a 5,000-ton ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=4080.0,4110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"steamer. I remember going down, and we\nwere all in the black gang. We were going down loading. The Italians liked to\nboss you around... [unintelligible: 1:08:28], \"Avanti!\" [Italian: Faster.] \"Jew\nbastard\" and all that. Finally, I said, \"You guinea son of a bitch,\" and I\ncussed him out. He said, \"Americano!\" [unintelligible: 1:08:38] I didn't have\nany idea. He made me mad, pushing me. \"Americano! What are you doing here?\" I\nsaid, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=4110.0,4140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"None of your business.\"\n\nThere were several thousand of others on that boat. I don't know how many, maybe\n2,000 or 3,000 thousand. I noticed some of them looked different, and they were\ndancing the hora out there. [They were] young guys, and I thought they were\nspeaking German. It turned out they were South African volunteers, Jewish, and\nthey were speaking Afrikaans. It sounds a little Germanic. They wouldn't speak\nto you. I finally said, \"Look, I'm doing the same thing you are.\" There were\nsupposed to be secret, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=4140.0,4170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"black gang and all that. We got talking. They said, \"Yes,\nwe're going over there to fight this big battle coming up.\" We got in there all right.\n\nOne thing, I guess it's apropos to tell you, I had this motorcycle, and my\nbuddy, Lenny [unintelligible: 1:09:36], who I helped recruit, his parents had a\nlittle tailor shop in New York. Old country, strictly. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=4170.0,4200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A guy came along who we\nknew. I don't know whether he was Israeli [native born Jew] or Machal, but he\nwanted to race. Bad idea, my motorcycle and a jeep down the mountain. I said,\n\"I'll race you down.\" I took him up on it, which was stupid to start with. I\nsaid, \"Lenny, you better get in the jeep, if anything happens to this\nmotorcycle...\" In thinking about it later, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=4200.0,4230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I probably was thinking, \"I can go\nfaster without him on here.\" The guy flipped the jeep and killed Lenny. That's\none of the worst things that I went to over there, but it happened. That's when\nhis girlfriend... she was heartbroken. I would wake up in the morning, and she\nis sitting there staring at me. I think she wanted to take up with me, but I\njust... ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=4230.0,4260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I saw some pretty gals over there, but...\n\nThere was one thing. They had to bring me up to the north for some reason. There\nwas an Israeli soldier, who was a girl, driving me up in a truck. It was the\nonly thing they had available at the time. Going up, I made some moves on her.\nShe said, \"You've got to tell me that you love me before anything like that.\" I\nsaid, \"Why should I... ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=4260.0,4290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't even know you, and you don't know me. Why should\nI tell you that I love you? Come on.\" She wouldn't, and I had a bad headache,\nanyway. I wasn't really that eager. We got where I was going, and I never saw\nher again. There were plenty of good-looking babes over there.\n\nBAUMAN: You had an Israeli citizenship, an Israeli passport and name. Tell us\nabout that.\n\nGAREY: It's that laissez-passer, and then I had ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=4290.0,4320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"papers, which one of [his] kids\nhas, both in Hebrew and in English, that I was a signal technical officer of the\nIsraeli Air Force. I forget how it was worded. I had a lot of stuff like that.\nAt that time... the reason I came back...\n\nBAUMAN: What was your name?\n\nGAREY: 'Ziv Gal' [sp] on the Israeli. 'Bernard Carp' [sp] on the Italian. That\nwas only good until I was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=4320.0,4350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on the boat for use there. The Gal was all I had. They\ngot my other passports. That's what I wanted. I wanted to stay over. I didn't\nwant to go back. I could have just stamped it \"Return only United States of\nAmerica\" and go back. I finally did go back after, supposedly, all the wars were\nover... ha ha. After the final truce.\n\nBAUMAN: This was 1949? 1950?\n\nGAREY: Whenever that first war ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=4350.0,4380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ended, within a month or two after that. That's\nwhen I came back to Italy, to the embassy. I said, \"I want...\" \"Where the hell\nhave you been?\" He thought they had me several months before. He said, \"Where\nthe hell have you been without a passport?\"\n\nBAUMAN: Why did you decide to leave?\n\nGAREY: I didn't want to live... I saw how hard it was and how hard they had to\nwork, compared to my idea of work. I said, \"I don't think ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=4380.0,4410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this lifestyle...\"\nThey thought all the truces had been signed, [with] Egypt, and they thought it\nwas all over with. They have had four more wars since then, of course, as we\nknow... but not for a while. They were able to do a lot of things. The Burma\nRoad, you know about that, I guess. I watched that. They were [just] about\nstarving in Jerusalem. It was really sad. I did get to go to Jerusalem again ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=4410.0,4440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and\ntalk to the people that went through all that before the supplies did... I guess\nwith war not going on and no cause for me to be over there, and I was still\nhurting about... I took blame for having that happen to Lenny. It wasn't too good.\n\nMurray Pechner... that's the guy who was with me. P-E-C-H-N-E-R. He was one of\nthe ones [who] came over with me from New York. He knew Lenny ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=4440.0,4470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and Lenny's people\n[family], so we went to visit them. We came in the tailor shop, and as soon as\nthey saw us they started screaming. What's the word for 'murderer' in Yiddish?\nThey were yelling something at us and ran us out of the shop. Pechner was really\nhurt. He said, \"It's me they are after, not you.\" I said, \"I had something to do\nwith it, too.\" He said, \"That's 'murderer' what they are calling us.\" Murderers\nbecause their son ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=4470.0,4500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"got killed. That's not a very pleasant memory.\n\nI can't think of anything outstanding. One time we had a DC-3 down at, Akir...\nAkir and Ekron [sp: 1:15:00] are the same place, in the south. They wanted us to\nget the equipment off of it, because they figured the Egyptian air force would\ndestroy it. We were out there, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=4500.0,4530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I got the Collins [radio] off. I'm holding\nit, and here comes a Spitfire, started strafing. He wasn't a very good shot. I\nremember I jumped off. It was a very high door. I'm holding the weight, and I\nsunk in the hot melted tar up to my shoes. I managed to get out of that. We all\ncarried Sten guns [British submachine gun], the little machine gun. We all\nstarted shooting at this guy [as] they came down. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=4530.0,4560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Somebody hit his wing tip, and\na piece flew off. It scared him so bad he went back to wherever he was from. He\ndidn't hurt the C-46. Something happened to it where it couldn't fly. They\nhadn't had a chance to fix it, so at least we would get the radio and equipment\noff of it. I think they finally did manage to get it out.\n\nOne night with a C-47, they had to get it out of the hot spot they were going to\nlose. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=4560.0,4590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We went down there, and I had used the radio. When we got out... when the\npilot tried to start it, the batteries weren't strong enough. I said, \"Oh, me.\"\nWe had a battery cart there, but the plug on it didn't mesh with the plug on the\nwing. You could hold it up there and push. I wasn't sure that would work, so I\ntold them to try. I'm holding it up there, and it actually... ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=4590.0,4620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that's the one\ngood thing I remember doing. I held it up there, and he got the airplane\ncranked. Once you crank one engine, the others, the alternators and generators\n[start] going. We got that out of there. I went back in a truck with somebody.\nI'm trying to remember. That might have been down there at... Ekron [sp] and\nAkir was borderline. When we went down there to get that radio, I just\nremembered, they said, \"We are going to have to send the Palmach with you,\nbecause there are Arab villages all along there.\"\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=4620.0,4650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Here comes the Palmach, and they had this big fake cannon made out of stove\npipe. A big old fake thing. They put one in front and one behind, and they said\n[when] the Arab villagers see this cannon they'll know that if they fire on us\nwe'll shell their village. [That] was the idea, and it worked. We didn't go in\nthe main entrance of the base there. We went over the field, I remember. We had\nalready gotten ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=4650.0,4680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"some of the machine guns that were on that boat. They got them\nin. You have got to read that book. I think it's called O Jerusalem! I have it\nhere somewhere, but the way people move... it's a very famous book. It's sold,\neven on the used market... the copies. It is mostly centered on the battle for\nJerusalem, but it brings a lot of extraneous stuff, like Freddy Fredkens. His\npicture is in there and what he did. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=4680.0,4710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We got the DC-3. That was about the one\nthing I remember that I did that had a positive result maybe. I just went back\nbecause I realized I can't live this life.\n\nBAUMAN: Were you involved in the creation of the Israeli Air Force after independence?\n\nGAREY: No, I wasn't. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=4710.0,4740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I was in it, but I didn't... in fact, it was just so wild.\nThe headquarters of the Air Force was in the Yarkon [Hayarkon] Hotel [Tel Aviv].\nWe used to come up there when I was in the army. That's where we stayed. It was\na mad house. People going and... very disorganized. I'm trying to remember...\nthe guy that... It doesn't matter. His name keeps trying to come through.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=4740.0,4770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One incident after that. The Egyptians, who were trained by the British and had\nBritish equipment, a big Egyptian armored column starts up the road toward Tel\nAviv. They got about 16 miles away. We had a radio pit, and I was down in it\nwith the radios. That's the one that [Lou] Lenart made that film about, I'm\npretty sure. It sounds just like it. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=4770.0,4800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I remember Mordechai Alon... there were two\nplanes, and Mordi was in one of them, the squadron commander. They made one pass\ndown the road, and Mordi's guns screwed up. Typical of that airplane. It shook\nthe Egyptians so bad. It probably killed a few. They turned around and went back\ndown south to El Arish [Egypt], I think, or somewhere down that way. I'm\nlistening to all the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=4800.0,4830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"stuff. I'm down in the hole in the ground, but I'm\nlistening to all the stuff. That saved Tel Aviv.\n\nThey had me billeted [rooming with] with a guy from Hungary that was supposed to\nbe in intelligence. We had agreed... I didn't get into the part where we were\nbuying from British soldiers. They were told to destroy everything, radios,\n[ammunition], and all. Instead, they had a sergeant ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=4830.0,4860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who was British\nintelligence, but he had been in the army 40 years. He said, \"That's too good to\nthrow [away],\" so he was making a fortune. He set up a deal to peddle it to us.\nThe Israelis had a big roll of British pounds that were wrinkled up like they\nhad been under water. I don't know where they were. I remember this British guy\nwanted an officer in on it, probably for cover. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=4860.0,4890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He brought this young British\nlieutenant in. We were a little nervous about it. We didn't know whether it was\na trap or what, but it wasn't. Mac... We called the guy 'Mac.' His name was\n'Max.' He was from the Isle of Man. [He] talked like a Scotchman, and he was\npretty old. He had been in the army a long time. He brought this young\nlieutenant, but he told Monastersky [that] any negotiations we do are in French.\nHe didn't want the officer to know how much money he was getting. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=4890.0,4920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He was cutting\nhim in, but he didn't want him to know he wasn't cutting him in good. He did us\na big favor regardless.\n\nWe were buying radio equipment. Somebody else was doing the ammunition. They\nwould bury it, and they would tell them where it's buried. I had to inspect it\nand the stuff we could use. Once our truck driver didn't show up, so I had to\ndrive ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=4920.0,4950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the truck. The only truck they had... it was a big thing I remember. I\nmade the mistake... these were all British we were dealing with, speaking\nEnglish. Scared the hell out of Moni. \"When they hear that cracker talking, they\nare going to know you shouldn't be here.\" We did a good day of buying that equipment.\n\nOne morning we were on the kibbutz... What do they call that kibbutz, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=4950.0,4980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the\nnorthernmost one? The big one. They named the airfield after it, at least in our\nday. That should be right on the tip of my tongue. We were living in a tent\nthere. We hear 'boom boom' going off. We went running out, and there were three\nor four... I can't remember that now... at least three Spitfires with Egyptian\nmarkings bombing the British airfield. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=4980.0,5010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What had happened [was] the British were\ntelling them when they left, \"We are leaving on such-and-such a day and be sure\nto destroy the airfield before the Jews get it.\" You couldn't trust the British,\nsome of them anyway.\n\nWhat had happened [was] the British Dakota DC-3, had busted a landing gear\nlanding, and it delayed their departure by about two weeks. They went to\nCyprus... flying in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=5010.0,5040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"parts to fix the Dakota, and they forgot to tell their\nbuddies, the Egyptians. The British were really caught. Several people were\nkilled, and they were really hot about it. Then these guys go back to Egypt\n[and] load up and come back for another taste. The British got two of these\nfive-bladed Spitfires with the Griffon engine, the advance model up. It was\nmurder. They just shot them down so quick.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=5040.0,5070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The Israelis saw one of them parachute, so we went out to get him. He was a\nyoung guy, nattily dressed, with a big... he was scared spitless, of course.\nThey got him in there, and the guys questioned him. He spoke English, so he\nsaid, \"I'm going to question you in English, so everybody can hear what's going\non.\" He wasn't telling much. \"How many airplanes do you have down at El Arish?\nHow many fighter planes?\" He said, \"I can't tell you.\" He said, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=5070.0,5100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"I want to just\ntell you the rules up front. If you don't tell us what we want to know, we're\ngoing to bring you back to Cairo.\" He [unintelligible: 1:24:53], \"But we will\ndrop you out without a parachute over the town.\" He turned white, and he started\nsinging like a canary. I don't blame him. After they got him out, I said, \"I\ndidn't think you guys did things like that.\" He said, \"No, but he doesn't know\nthat. He's already scared, so ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=5100.0,5130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we have to find out what's going on down there.\" I\nremember one of the British guys... Did you know about the guy?... I think he\nwas American or British... that hoodwinked [deceived] that Royal Air Force? He\ntold them, \"We are going to make a movie glorifying the Royal Air Force. We need\nBeaufighters. We need Spitfires.\" They turned it all over to them [thinking],\n\"We're going to get free publicity.\" You know about that?\n\nBAUMAN: No, go on.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=5130.0,5160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"GAREY: That's actual fact. He got them to Corsica, and then he got them in\nthere. I still remember these British Jewish fighter pilots. \"We'll take the\nBeaufighter, and we'll skip bomb into that hangar and we'll shike [shake] them\nto their bloody tits.\" The way they talk was so comical. [unintelligible:\n1:26:10] He says, \"I was in the Dakota once, and the door started coming off and\nmaking the airplane curve. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=5160.0,5190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"All they do was sit there and say, 'We've had it!\nWe've had it! We've had it!\" Those Beaufighters came in real handy. But that guy\nhoodwinked him.\n\nWhen I finally left to get out of there, there was a little wildcat airline\ncalled PAAC, Pan-African Air Charter, and they were using DC-3s, Dakotas. That's\nthe only way you could get out. While on the airplane, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=5190.0,5220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"after I got on, here's\nthe guy that did the British hoodwink. He's on there, and there's Menachim\nBegin, who wasn't prime minister then. He was a terrorist.\n\nBAUMAN: The Irgun.\n\nGAREY: Lehi or Irgun Ha-Leumit. He was with his two big [inaudible 1:27:04] body\nguards. In fact, I was reading... I had an international Time magazine, and one\nof the body guards came back and said he'd like to read that magazine, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=5220.0,5250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so I gave\nit to him. He didn't have a very good reputation. They called the Lehi the\n'Stern Gang.' They called them terrorists. In a sense, they were. It depends on\nhow you think. They killed some British troops, and the British hung a couple of\nthem publicly. It may have been that without that side of it the British\nwouldn't have left, but I don't know. Who can make moral judgements on something\nlike that?\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=5250.0,5280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But I got thinking, here I am on this DC-3, and that guy that screwed the\nBritish is on there and Menachim Begin. The British would pay any price to shoot\nthe guy. We're going to Cyprus to go up to Marseilles [France] from there. We\nland in Cyprus, and lo and behold the guard that comes out is one of the guys we\nwere working with Mac, that we were doing the gun thing with. They transferred\nhim. 'Lofty'... he was a real tall guy... everyone called him 'Lofty.' I said,\n\"Hi, Lofty!\" He said, \"Hey, Bill! ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=5280.0,5310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"How's everything going? I said, \"I don't know.\nWhat happened to Mac?\" We had set up a deal with Mac and set up codes. They were\ntransferring him to the area of the [Suez] Canal down in Egypt, and he was going\nto do intelligence for us. We had a schedule and everything, but he never showed\nup on schedule. They got onto Mac with some of his moneygrubbing. He said, \"I\nthink they returned him to 'Blighty.'\" ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=5310.0,5340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I said, \"I hope he'll talk. Mac will get\nout of it, I guarantee it, as smart as he was.\" That would have been a big help\nif we had somebody down there giving us what they are doing and what they are\ngoing to do.\n\nBAUMAN: Did you meet Ben-Gurion in Israel?\n\nGAREY: I saw Ben-Gurion, but I never met him. I didn't get that close to him. I\nsaw him a couple of times. Ezer Weizman I knew real well. In fact, I used to\nreach around and wake him up in the morning and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=5340.0,5370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"reach around and grab this gal's\nshoulder. He'd say, \"What are you trying to do?\" I said, \"Get out of bed, Ezer.\nI'll take care of it.\" He was quite a character. He [Ben-Gurion] became prime\nminister later. He came to Atlanta, and I thought of going to see him.\nEverybody... he was quite a celebrity. Of course, he died.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=5370.0,5400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BAUMAN: What type of interaction did you have with him?\n\nGAREY: He had a high position there, and he was over at the fighter squad. He\nwas a pilot, too, and he was over at the fighter squadron a lot. We all knew he\nwas Dr. [Chaim] Weizman's nephew and who he was. He was friendly with everybody\nthough if you started griping, he would chew you out. \"It doesn't do any good,\"\nhe said. He was a nice guy, really a nice guy. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=5400.0,5430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"[There is] the story of the guy\nthat made the Hebrew dictionary. They've shown that on public television two or\nthree... You don't know about him?\n\nBAUMAN: No, I don't. Go on.\n\nGAREY: You should look that up. There was actually a good film made about it.\nThis was in the 1800's. Zionism was active. He said, \"If they are going to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=5430.0,5460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"go\nback, they need one language, and I think it ought to be ancient Hebrew.\" They\nsaid, \"You're nuts. It's dead.\" Blah, blah, blah. He actually... He had TB\n[tuberculosis] in a very rough time, but he completed a dictionary [in]\nEnglish... I don't know what language actually, because the guys coming in would\nhave been... but a Hebrew dictionary. They made a movie about it that recognized\nwhat he did. I'm not sure of... ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=5460.0,5490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"other than sentimental/religious the Hebrew\nthing was a good idea, but I guess when you have people with all kinds of\nlanguages, they have got to have one language. Hebrew is not very expressive,\nand they had to create a lot of words. Neither is Latin. Latin doesn't have a...\nGreek is the best language to... That's why... there's a story the way\nChristianity... how did they take over the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=5490.0,5520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"[Roman] Empire from being murdered in\n200 years... a form of Christianity... Constantine. You know that story. They\nsaid, \"G-d saw...\" and I believe that... the Romans conquered... first the\nGreeks conquered. Alexander the Great conquered the whole civilized world, and\nhe impressed the Greek language on everybody. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=5520.0,5550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"No matter what your native tongue,\nyou have to speak Greek, which is the most expressive language, according to the\nexperts in the world. Then the Romans came along and they conquered all these...\nThey were great builders. They built roads throughout the Empire. If those two\nincidents hadn't happened, which we attribute to God's planning, there's no way\nthe two or three like ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=5550.0,5580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/187","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Paul the Apostle...\n\nBAUMAN: Now we are going too far off. Let's come backward.\n\nGAREY: I drifted away. You should, since you would be interested... the guy that\ndid that... there is a very good movie about him. It must have been made by\nJewish people, because it was very favorable.\n\nBAUMAN: Now you are in Israel, and Israel's got its independence. You decide you\ndon't want the life of being an Israeli at that stage.\n\nGAREY: It was enjoyable, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=5580.0,5610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/188","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but I knew I would have to do something. The main thing\nthere was farming, which I knew diddly [nothing or very little] about. Bedek had\nnot really been formed, or any of that. Maybe if something like that had been\nthere I might have... I wasn't qualified, but I could have learned. They have a\nvery good school there... Technion? Is that [it]?\n\nBAUMAN: Yes.\n\nGAREY: I said, \"I'll go back.\" ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=5610.0,5640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/189","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We had me on that Pan-African Air Charter, with\nthose two bad guys. Good guys in my opinion. We landed at Marseilles, and we\nwere going from there to... hang on a minute. Geneva [Switzerland] was our next\nstop. We're going along in this old rust bucket. We get over to Geneva. They're\ncircling, and I look out at the mountains... ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=5640.0,5670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/190","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you know the mountains on either\nside of the Rhone River? The clouds are up above the mountains. This guy starts\nwhat we used to call a 'QDM approach.' They don't use it anymore. I could read\nthe key card. I used to crew C-47s in the army until we got... [unintelligible:\n1:34:30] then they give you a bearing from the ground. You say, \"I hope they're\nright,\" and you fly. Then you give them another key and they would work you down\non code, not radio. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=5670.0,5700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That scared the pee out of me, because everybody knew that\nwas a hairy process and I don't know who is flying this thing. That was more\ntraumatic than a lot of other things, even in the Air Force.\n\nFinally, I saw the lights under the river. They've got guiding lights in the\nriver there at Geneva. Whew. We got down, and I was out of the airplane. I saw\nthe pilot. He looked like a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=5700.0,5730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Prussian ex-Luftwaffe pilot to me. He was about 60,\nand he had a saber scar. I said, \"Hey, that was a good landing. Isn't that\npretty tough?\" [He said,] \"No, no. We do that all the time.\" He was a very\nconfident guy, and I guess he knew what he was doing. There are a lot of things\nthat can go wrong on that type of approach, with the equipment and with your\njudgement, too. I was pretty scared by them.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=5730.0,5760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/193","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I got in one thing in a C-46 once where we were in a khamsin, a dust storm. You\ncan't see one foot ahead, but if there is a light below you can see straight\ndown. It was at Abadan, Iran, and they told everybody if you have got... We were\nincoming, and the guys that had fuel, they told them to get out of there and go\nto someplace that is in the clear. By the time we got there, we didn't have\nfuel. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=5760.0,5790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/194","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We were stuck. We couldn't go anywhere. What I would have done if I had\nbeen them... the Persian Gulf is right there at Abadan. I would have kept going\ndown until I saw water over the Gulf and then try to land, follow the water and\nland on the beach. I wasn't flying. I was the radio operator. There were\n360-foot stacks. Some of the tallest, the biggest refineries in the world were\nat Abadan. They were just north of us, and every time they would head north I\nwould nearly pee in my pants. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=5790.0,5820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One of the pilots was new, and the other one had\nbeen there. He is going north toward the stacks. He looked straight down, and he\nsaw the runway under him, straight down. In his mind, he calculated a big turn\nand came around. He ran off the runway, which was all right. It was desert. He\nran off the runway, and we ended up out in the boonies there. There were a lot\nof C-46s parked there. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=5820.0,5850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/196","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Each one had an Iranian guard, and I had to go over there\nand BS [bullshit] my way onto one of them. \"Officer. Me officer.\" I got on and\ncalled the tower and told them what happened and to get somebody out there to\ntow the airplane and help us get back to the ready room. That was the hairiest\nthing. It went on for about a half hour.\n\nBAUMAN: Let's come forward. You are coming back to the United States. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=5850.0,5880.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What do\nyou do back in the United States?\n\nGAREY: When I came back here. First, I thought I was being cute coming on the\nboat. They sent a little boat out after me with [United States Department of\nthe] Treasury agents on it, not FBI. Someone told me they were from the Treasury Department.\n\nBAUMAN: From Europe you come across on a boat?\n\nGAREY: On the SS America. The reason I did that... I got the last berth on it.\nThe reason I did that... ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=5880.0,5910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I thought [in] my stupidity, I know they are looking\nfor me on an airplane. I figured they won't know I'm on this boat. They not only\nknew. They came and got me, and they went through my luggage. That was good,\nbecause I had some watches strapped around my legs, way more than the $200 you\nwere allowed. I had a disassembled [Walther] P38 German army pistol on my\nperson. You know the Sullivan [Act] in New York? I was a little ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=5910.0,5940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/199","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"antsy.\n\nIt was winter. I know it was cold weather when we came back. I can't remember\nwhat month. They brought me up to this building, and they started asking me\nquestions. They had a list of names. I knew most of them, but I knew which ones\ngot killed. Anybody who got killed, [I said] \"Yes. I knew him.\" Any that were\nstill alive, I said, \"No, I never heard of him.\" Then they asked me, \"What was\non the C-46s when you flew in them? What were you bringing?\" ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=5940.0,5970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/200","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I said, \"I don't\nknow. They were wrapped up and boxed. I believe it might have been wine\nglasses.\" They said, \"Why?\" I said, \"They had a picture of a wine glass. Isn't\nthat the international symbol for fragile?\" I knew it wasn't. [Unintelligible:\n1:39:30] They looked at each other like could this guy be this stupid? I got\naway with that part. [They] illegally would not give my passport back. There was\nno law involved. They just said, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=5970.0,6000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"Screw you.\" I wanted it back because... you\nknow how they stamp your passport? ... I had a lot more entries than I had\nexits. The Italian government said [unintelligible: 1:39:45], \"Why do you have\nmore entries...\" \"I don't know. I don't speak guinea. What do you expect me to\ndo?\" They would stamp it. We were leaving illegally, but we were coming in\nlegally. You would think they would have... they never noticed that particular\nitem. If they would have asked me, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=6000.0,6030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I would have had to BS my way out of that.\nThey let me go, but I never got that passport back. I guess they destroyed it. I\nthought it would make a good souvenir. Someone told me later, Congressman [James\nC.] Davis, a long time ago here, could get your passport back.\n\nBAUMAN: Congressman Davis of Georgia?\n\nGAREY: Yes. He was a Democrat back right after the War. He was nice. He got me a\nnew passport. I wasn't going anywhere. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=6030.0,6060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I wanted my old one back, but he couldn't\ndo that. He said he didn't know any mechanism.\n\nBAUMAN: You come into New York, and then you fly to Atlanta?\n\nGAREY: My sister lived up at Mamaroneck [New York] on Long Island. I went to\nvisit her a little bit, and then I flew back to Atlanta. That was it. Like I\nsay, I'm sure it cost them some expense ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=6060.0,6090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"getting me over there. I don't know\nwhether it was a profitable enterprise or not.\n\nBAUMAN: I'm sure it was.\n\nGAREY: I did whatever they told me to do. They wanted people... at that time, it\nwas so disorganized. They wanted people that would take an initiative.\nMonasterky was my boss. One of the things I didn't like [was] when we went to...\nwere in Europe, and they had all this money they gave them. There was a lot of\nstealing of the money going on ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=6090.0,6120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/205","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"among the guys. I didn't like it. They gave me\nsome, and I didn't like that aspect at all. I had a view they need this money.\nMaybe they had a room full of it. I don't know. That's the only thing. These\nwere mostly poor people. That's the way it was. I remember one guy. I think he\nwas from Germany, and we used to send him out. \"Give me five quid in\n[unintelligible: 1:42:10], and I can find anything.\" ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=6120.0,6150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/206","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He had a British accent,\nbut he was German. That was one thing. You had people from all over there, all\nover Europe. I can't think of anything else.\n\nOne time there was a big battle between... on that coastal road, that narrow\nstrip. They had to close that. The Arabs were coming down out of the hills\nthere, fighting. I had heard something about it. I had my buddy and I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=6150.0,6180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on the\nmotorcycle. We were going up that road, and we see two Israeli soldiers up\nahead. I didn't know what they were about, so I sped up and waved at them and\nwent on. Then I heard shots. They were trying to get our attention. They wanted\nto tell us, \"You can't go up that road. There's fighting going on.\" We're going\nup the road, and I keep seeing remains of a car and machine gun shells. \"What's\ngoing on ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=6180.0,6210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"here?\" We went out the other end, several miles. There were Israeli\nsoldiers up there. They said, \"Did you come up that road?\" I said, \"Yes.\" \"That\nroad has been closed for a couple of weeks. Arabs are coming down shooting.\" I\nsaid, \"We didn't know.\" They shook their heads. That could have been bad. That\nwas a stupid thing. We took that motorcycle and went everywhere we could go,\nseeing the country, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=6210.0,6240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/209","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a good view of it. I was trying to think of any other\nimportant incidents.\n\nBAUMAN: What was the country like?\n\nGAREY: When I went before, when I was in the Army, it was very nice. The British\nwere keeping order. Later, both the Arabs and Haganah were shooting at them.\nThat's why they left, probably. The British were keeping order, and you could\nanywhere you wanted. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=6240.0,6270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The amazing thing was you could buy decent food. Cairo was\na big city, and they did have some fancy restaurants, different from the whole\nArab thing. I had read Pierre van Paassen. Did you read that book?\n\nBAUMAN: I'm familiar with Pierre van Paassen, yes.\n\nGAREY: He wrote a book about the contributions the Jewish soldiers from\nPalestine made in World War I that impressed me greatly. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=6270.0,6300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm trying to remember.\nI can't remember the name of it, but you could probably figure it out. It's\nworth reading, by the way. It's strictly about the contributions of the Israeli\nJews that got behind the German lines. A lot of it came from Germany. I don't\nknow why that came up. I had that knowledge, too, before...\n\nI ran into a guy named Tuefeld [sp] when I was in the army, and he was\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=6300.0,6330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"supporting Israel and paying money to get Jewish children out of Iran. He was a\nlittle, short street fighter, and he was a millionaire. He volunteered in the\narmy because he wanted to kill Germans. He always carried a big load of bills\nwith him and offered to pay for everything. Once we were sitting at a table\nthere... this was at Love Field in Dallas, Texas. We were in town. I had an old\nModel-A Ford ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=6330.0,6360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/213","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I had bought in Dallas to have wheels to get around in. Tuefeld\npulls his fat wallet up. \"Guard that for me.\" He tears out there... he was a\nlittle, short guy, but [tough] like nails. There are two sailors there. They're\ntall, and he's yelling at one of them. What the guy had done was peed on the car\nwe were in. That made him mad. \"What the hell...\" I would have said, \"Who\ncares?\" Peeing on the wheel. All of a sudden, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=6360.0,6390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Tuefeld pulls back and hangs one\non that sailor, a big one. There were two of them. One of them grabs him and\nholds his arms, and the other guy started beating him up. Then all the air force\nguys go rushing out. We outnumbered the navy, so they...\n\nLater on, a big, typical Texas sheriff comes up and wants to know what happened\nin there. I told him, \"Nothing.\" He said, \"Look at the way they ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=6390.0,6420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"beat your friend\nup.\" He said, \"I tell you what you do. You go back to your barracks. You get\nyour gun, and you come back and shoot them two sailors.\" This was the sheriff. I\nwas horrified. I said, \"Listen, the army fights all the time. There's nothing to\nit.\" [He said,] \"I wouldn't let them get away with that.\" He did look bad. He\nhad a big black shiner. Tuefeld was laughing. He was a street fighter-type from\nNew York. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=6420.0,6450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There were some pretty tough Jews from New York that I ran into in the\narmy. Ready to go. He was doing all that, and he told me a lot about what was\ngoing on and getting the children out. That sort of whetted my interest in the\nplace. Then when I got to go over there... it was after that, after I knew\nTuefeld... I learned all I could. We would get... if you weren't flying ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=6450.0,6480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/217","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for\nthree days, you would get a pass and go up there.\n\nBAUMAN: You were influenced by the Holocaust and what you learned about...\n\nGAREY: Yes, yes. I knew all about that. I was following that naturally, because\nwe were Jewish... One of the Montag brothers, Louis, had a nervous breakdown\nover the Holocaust. He recovered later. It was Louis, Harold, Sig, the one that\nrun Montag. Later they sold out to Western Tablet, I believe.\n\nBAUMAN: What were the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=6480.0,6510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/218","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"influences leading you to go to Israel and help the\nIsraeli War for Independence?\n\nGAREY: Just because I had a feeling that they were going to get wiped out or\nsomething, balanced by the fact that I really didn't want to do what I was\ndoing. I think that might have been a factor. It wasn't any great surge of\npatriotism though I might have told some people at the time. It was just a...\n\nBAUMAN: Did you ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=6510.0,6540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/219","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"identify at all?\n\nGAREY: Did I?\n\nBAUMAN: Did you? Yes.\n\nGAREY: Yes, and I talked to a lot of particularly Orthodox over there. I doubt\nif I would have ever become a Christian if it hadn't been... I saw miracles over\nthere. I knew it had to be the hand of G-d in it.\n\nBAUMAN: The miracles you saw in the Israeli War of Independence led you to\nbecome a Christian?\n\nGAREY: It had a lot... probably had a lot of... I wasn't really a Jew. I was a\n'halfy.' ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=6540.0,6570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/220","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I was not... I was interested, but I finally got a great respect for\nthe Bible. Both halves, as you would say. I will say that I have been through a\nlot of good teachers since then. I don't care for one... most of them use the\nOld Testament more than they do the New [Testament].\n\nBAUMAN: You've got an interesting background because it seems almost\nnon-religious except the Methodist ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=6570.0,6600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/221","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"high school you went to.\n\nGAREY: I listened to what they said, but I didn't relate to it.\n\nBAUMAN: You become very Christian and very religious after your experience in Israel.\n\nGAREY: Even some time after that. I started looking at the noted televangelists.\nNot the ones that were pulling stuff, but the straight ones. I learned the\nBible, because I could sit at home. [I was] too lazy to read. I could have read\nit. I did ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=6600.0,6630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/222","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"read some. I got interested in that, so I started going to a couple of\nsmall churches. I saw what they were doing, particularly the ones that\nconcentrated on helping the poor.\n\nBAUMAN: What time period are we talking about? Early 1950s'?\n\nGAREY: These were Pentacostal... Baptist.\n\nBAUMAN: What time period? 1955? 1960?\n\nGAREY: Yes, all along in there. I got deeper and deeper into it, and finally...\nmy wife, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=6630.0,6660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/223","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Myrtle, was a Christian. Her whole family. They weren't pushy-type\nChristians, but they... Her father was one of the most Christian men I ever met,\nand he couldn't even read or write. He never said anything, but you hang around\nhim a while and saw what he did. Finally, he did learn to... I got him at a pawn\nshop a big-letter [large-print] pulpit Bible, and he learned to read the Bible\nsome. He was great. Her whole family was great. She was one of eleven kids, too.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=6660.0,6690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/224","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BAUMAN: You are now in Atlanta. You have come back from Israel. What do you do\nat that stage?\n\nGAREY: I went to work for Rich's as a TV [television] repair man. I had to tell\nthem that I had worked on them in New York, and I had never even seen one\nhardly. I did as good as any of them did. I'm working there. I didn't tell you.\nWhen I got into New York... when we went... that's later, I guess. No, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=6690.0,6720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/225","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"my wife\nand I actually went to New York, and I got a job up there. The guy that\ninterviewed me at Picker X-ray... did you ever hear of it? They've been absorbed\nby GE [General Electric] now. I got a job at Picker X-ray, and the guy that\ninterviewed me had worked for the same organization in Europe that was disposing\nof the surplus war material. I happened to mention their name. That put me over\nthe [top], because he worked for them. I didn't even know that. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=6720.0,6750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/226","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Finally, I was\nworking for them installing...\n\nThe Puerto Ricans were just starting to come in. Rico Marc Antonio [sp] was\nflying them up in crummy airplanes to register them... he stayed in for life.\nThey were citizens, of course. They could vote. One of the C-46s crashed once,\nand they had air photos of the sharks eating the passengers. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=6750.0,6780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/227","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"My wife didn't like\nit, [but] I was fascinated by New York.\n\nBAUMAN: I'm starting to get a little lost.\n\nGAREY: We're way off.\n\nBAUMAN: You're leaving Israel. You go to New York. Do you stay in New York, or\ndo you come to Atlanta?\n\nGAREY: I came right back to Atlanta. I visited my sister [for] a couple of days.\n\nBAUMAN: You're in Atlanta. You get a job at Rich's fixing televisions.\n\nGAREY: Yes, fixing televisions, which I didn't know how [to do]. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=6780.0,6810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/228","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't think\nanybody else did. Then Lockheed Martin took over the old Bell plant [in\nMarietta], and they wanted people doing just what I do. I knew all the\nequipment, so I got a job real easy. Me and my buddy both got jobs at Lockheed.\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=6810.0,6840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/229","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I stayed there 26 years... The only reason I left [was that] the C-5 program\nended, and we went from 37,000 down to 7,000 [employees]. They wanted to\ntransfer me to all kinds of places, but my mother was 90 [and] my daughter was a\nwidow. I couldn't get up and leave. It would have really helped me with my\npension if I would have stayed four more years, [for a total of] 30 years. They\ntreated me very well. It was a good company to work for.\n\nBAUMAN: What did you do at Lockheed?\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=6840.0,6870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/230","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"GAREY: Electronics. Finally, after about a year... I wanted to get on flight\noperations, on a flight job there. Lloyd Harris, who was one of their pilots,\nwas a friend of mine. He managed to swing it to get me on a flight test crew.\nAny airplanes they built, we did the testing of them...\n\nB-47s. First, we were rebuilding B-29s.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=6870.0,6900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/231","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BAUMAN: You were a technician on the plane.\n\nGAREY: They called us 'flight electronic engineer.' I called it 'glorified\ntechnician,' borderline between engineer and technician in that field. Usually,\nan engineer doesn't get into hardware, and we were doing both. Actually, that\nwas just flight testing on World War II B-29s. First, they were being rebuilt to\ngo to Korea for the Korean War, and then ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=6900.0,6930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/232","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we built B-47s, [with] the six engines\nwith the droopy tails on them. We built a lot of them and tested them. Then we\nwere rebuilding B-47s, after the air force was continually airborne with H-bombs\non them. Then the C-130 we started building. They're still building a few of\nthem, I think. I heard Lockheed still is.\n\nBAUMAN: When you returned to Atlanta, what was your parents' ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=6930.0,6960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/233","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"reaction to you\nworking for Israeli independence?\n\nGAREY: They were glad I was back. I don't think my daddy knew much about\nZionism. He was all business, all work. He wasn't...\n\nBAUMAN: Did they oppose what you were doing in any way?\n\nGAREY: He just opposed me getting killed or hurt and not going to school. He was\na believer in education.\n\nBAUMAN: Did you ever finish ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=6960.0,6990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/234","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"your degree?\n\nGAREY: [I] never did. I got maybe two years. I never saw any reason for it, and\nI did not like school. I probably didn't like any kind of discipline. I was\nalways coming in late at Lockheed. I had a coffee cup hidden somewhere, and I\nwould come out of the tower like I was up there drinking coffee. We were\nsalaried, so we didn't have to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=6990.0,7020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/235","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"punch a clock.\n\nBAUMAN: Tell me about your wife.\n\nGAREY: She was from a farm family, and her daddy...\n\nBAUMAN: From where?\n\nGAREY: Right up north. No town there... right on the Tennessee border. A little\ncrossing town called 'Tennga'... T-E-N-N-G-A. Chatsworth was the closest town,\nmaybe Dalton. Her father made a living raising ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=7020.0,7050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/236","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"11 kids during the [Great]\nDepression, and all farming. Like I said, they were all great people. A couple\nof them, the boys, got mixed up with alcohol. It didn't do them any good, but\nthey weren't bad. None of them were bad.\n\nBAUMAN: What was your wife's name?\n\nGAREY: Myrtle. Myrtle Lucille Walker was her family name.\n\nBAUMAN: How did you meet her?\n\nGAREY: Some motorcycle-riding friend of mine. \"I've got somebody you ought to go\nout with. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=7050.0,7080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/237","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You ought to go out... you got a girl?\" I said, \"I know a few.\" He\nsaid, \"This girl Myrtle... I'm going to get you a blind date with her.\" That's\nhow I met her. I found out later that wasn't the Myrtle he had in mind, but he\ngot that Myrtle. He found out she was on drugs for one thing, so he had to find\nanother Myrtle... that's kind of funny... to take her place. When the kids asked\nme how I met her, I would say I was in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=7080.0,7110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/238","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"'Moe's and Joe's'... that's this dive up\nhere at Route 5, and she fell off a bar stool and knocked me over. I always tell\nthings... then I told them I saw her name on the phone booth. \"Call Myrtle for a\ngood time.\" [Unintelligible: 1:58:00] ...make her mad. She would tell them,\n\"That's a lie.\" She lived right near Moe's and Joe's, but she swore she had\nnever been in there. I don't really know. She was boarding with a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=7110.0,7140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/239","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"family there\nwhen I met her. I was crazy. I remember one day I was going out with her, and I\npulled up there. I saw a car leaving, and I thought she was in the car with a\nguy. I went up and cut him off. I jumped out of the car ready to go over there\nand get into something. It wasn't her, and it wasn't him. I looked, and I ran\nback to the car and took off and waved at him and then came back later. That's\nkind of crazy [to do] stuff like that.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=7140.0,7170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/240","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BAUMAN: Was she involved with your conversion experience?\n\nGAREY: She was always... maybe she encouraged me to go to church when I did. She\nnever was the type to lay anything on you heavy. She wasn't a real theologian,\nbut she knew the rudiments of it. When you come down to it... there's only one\nthing to the gospel, and that's believing that Jesus Christ died for your sins.\nIn the first place, you've got to agree that you ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=7170.0,7200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/241","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have sins. Everybody does. The\nwhole purpose of him coming... it's in there, in the Old and New Testament...\nwas to do that, because there's no other way your sins could be forgiven. All\nthe other things, which is plenty in Christianity and I've been through them\nall... [unintelligible: 2:00:00] The secret is how do you believe something like\nthat? In my opinion, that takes the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=7200.0,7230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/242","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"hand of G-d. You will have doubts. In\nparticular, we believe in Satan. If you believe in... I believe if you believe\nin the Bible and you believe in God, you have got to believe in Satan...\nSatanic... there is an evil influence. Mrs. [Mary Baker] Eddy said there wasn't\nany devil, but she called it 'mortal mind.' Hers was half philosophy and... if\nyou know anything about Christian Science... metaphysics, and stuff like that.\nVery attractive but I don't think very much ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=7230.0,7260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/243","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"true except on behavior.\n\nBAUMAN: After you left Lockheed, what did you do?\n\nGAREY: Some of the stuff I've told you, like TV repair. After I left Lockheed? I\nhad a friend that was in the electronics business. He had a [unintelligible:\n2:00:05] He got lung cancer. He had contracts to service the little\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=7260.0,7290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/244","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"microprocessor computers that the cafeterias use. He wanted somebody to take\nthat contract over, because he hoped to recover. I said, \"I'll do it.\" I had to\ntravel to Alabama, Tennessee, and Florida. Very close in. I was picking it up,\nbut they wouldn't tell you a damn thing about them, because it was proprietary.\nEverybody was getting into computers, and they figured you would ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=7290.0,7320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/245","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"steal their\ndesign... [some talking, then interview resumes] All they did was give you a big\nprinted circuit board, and you would go and swap boards.\n\nBAUMAN: Is there anything you would add to this interview?\n\nGAREY: After you're gone, I'll probably think of something apropos. I'm thinking\nthat I covered ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=7320.0,7350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/246","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"more than the highlights. I know I must have done more in Israel.\nWhatever they told me... some of the stuff was routine. I didn't tell you about\nMordechai... this is important. Mordechai Alon... I'm sure if you go to the\nright source, you can find plenty about him. I was more impressed with his\nfamily that stayed there for 2,000 years and hid out with phony names from...\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=7350.0,7380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/247","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The one Spitfire we had, I was putting a new radio in it behind the pilots. I\nwish I could think of the guy that was flying. He was American. [A] Jewish guy.\nHis father was a rabbi. Gideon Licthman... L-I-C-T-H-M-A-N... Gideon. His father\nwas a rabbi, and he was very religious. He was always bringing that up, and\nJewish [stuff]. I would say, \"Come on, Gideon, what do you want...\" I saw Mordi\ncome back in, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=7380.0,7410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/248","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Mordechai Alon, [with] one gear up and one gear down. He couldn't\nget a gear down. Procedure is... particular American... you shake them. Try to\neverything you can, because you didn't want to lose the airplane. He could have\nmade a landing and wiped out the gear anytime. He kept shaking them, and it was\na lousy Messerschmitt. He went a little too far, and it stalled. He came into\nthe ground about 200 [mph], and boom, a big fire. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=7410.0,7440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/transcript/22397/annotation/249","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Giddy [Gideon] said, \"What's\nthat smoke?\" I said, \"It's...\n\n[interview concludes in the middle of a sentence]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=7440.0,7470.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/annotation_set/344","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Garey_William [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/annotation_set/344/annotation/250","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA division within Judaism especially in North America and Western Europe.  Historically it began in the nineteenth century.  In general, the Reform movement maintains that Judaism and Jewish traditions should be modernized and compatible with participation in Western culture. While the Torah remains the law, in Reform Judaism women are included (mixed seating, bat mitzvah and women rabbis), music is allowed in the services and most of the service is in English.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=90.0,120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/annotation_set/344/annotation/251","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThere is no ‘Unitarian Judaism.’  William is comparing Reform Judaism to Unitarianism, a Christian theological movement, which recognizes G-d as one entity. It is a very liberal and holds universalist ideals.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=90.0,120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/annotation_set/344/annotation/252","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe American Civil War, widely known in the United States as the ‘Civil War’ or the ‘War Between the States,’ was fought from 1861 to 1865 to determine the survival of the Union or independence for the Confederacy. In January 1861, seven Southern slave states declared their secession from the United States and formed the Confederate States of America. The Confederacy, often called the ‘South,’ grew to include 11 states, and although they claimed 13 states and additional western territories, the Confederacy was never diplomatically recognized by a foreign country. The states that did not declare secession were known as the ‘Union’ or the ‘North.’ The war had its origin in the issue of slavery.  After four years of bloody combat, which left over 600,000 Union and Confederate soldiers dead and destroyed much of the South's infrastructure, the Confederacy collapsed, slavery was abolished, and the difficult Reconstruction process of restoring national unity and granting civil rights to freed slaves began.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=150.0,180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/annotation_set/344/annotation/253","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMontag Brothers Paper Company was established in 1889 by Sigmund Montag and his four brothers.  The company's school supply products came wrapped in packaging stamped with the company’s famous ‘Blue Horse’ logo, which could be collected and redeemed for prizes. In 1960, Montag and Champion Paper merged and then both merged with Westab, which was purchased by Mead Paper Company in the 1970’s.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=270.0,300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/annotation_set/344/annotation/254","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRutgers Preparatory School (also known as ‘Rutgers Prep’ or ‘RPS’) is a private, co-educational, college preparatory day school located in Somerset, New Jersey. Established in 1766, Rutgers Preparatory School is the oldest independent school in the state of New Jersey and the sixteenth oldest in the United States.  RPS ended its boarding program and becomes fully co-educational in 1952.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=330.0,360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/annotation_set/344/annotation/255","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFounded in 1838, the Pennington School is an independent, co-educational college preparatory school located in Pennington, New Jersey, a small community midway between New York City and Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in the northeastern United States.  \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=360.0,390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/annotation_set/344/annotation/256","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThere are many variations of spelling for the word ‘mocky.’ It probably came from the Yiddish word ‘makeh’ meaning ‘plague.’  It was first used in the 1930’s.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=420.0,450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/annotation_set/344/annotation/257","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWashington Heights is a neighborhood in the northern portion of the New York City borough of Manhattan.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=420.0,450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/annotation_set/344/annotation/258","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAmateur radio, also called ‘ham radio,’ describes the use of radio frequency spectrum for purposes of non-commercial exchange of messages, wireless experimentation, self-training, private recreation, radio sport, contesting, and emergency communication.  All ham radio operators have in common a basic knowledge of radio technology and operating principles, and must pass an examination for the FCC license to operate on radio frequencies known as the \"Amateur Bands.\"\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=480.0,510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/annotation_set/344/annotation/259","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eArgus was an American maker of cameras and photographic products, founded in 1936 in Ann Arbor, Michigan.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=540.0,570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/annotation_set/344/annotation/260","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAlbert Einstein (1879-1955) was a German-born theoretical physicist. He developed the general theory of relativity, one of the two pillars of modern physics. He was visiting the United States when Adolf Hitler came to power in 1933 and, being Jewish, did not go back to Germany, where he had been a professor at the Berlin Academy of Sciences. He settled in the United States, becoming an American citizen in 1940. On the eve of World War II, he endorsed a letter to President Franklin D. Roosevelt alerting him to the potential development of extremely powerful bombs of a new type and recommending that the United States begin similar research. This eventually led to what would become the Manhattan Project. Einstein was affiliated with the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey, until his death in 1955.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=540.0,570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/annotation_set/344/annotation/261","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHebrew for ‘Day of Atonement.’ The most sacred day of the Jewish year. Yom Kippur is a 25-hour fast day.  Most of the day is spent in prayer, reciting yizkor for deceased relatives, confessing sins, requesting divine forgiveness, and listening to Torah readings and sermons. People greet each other with the wish that they may be sealed in the heavenly book for a good year ahead. The day ends with the blowing of the shofar (a ram’s horn).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=690.0,720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/annotation_set/344/annotation/262","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHebrew for ‘head of the year,’ i.e. New Year festival. The cycle of High Holy Days begins with Rosh Ha-Shanah.  It introduces the Ten Days of Penitence, when Jews examine their souls and take stock of their actions. On the tenth day is Yom Kippur, the Day of Atonement. The tradition is that on Rosh Ha-Shanah, G-d sits in judgment on humanity. Then the fate of every living creature is inscribed in the Book of Life or Death. These decisions may be revoked by prayer and repentance before the sealing of the books on Yom Kippur.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=690.0,720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/annotation_set/344/annotation/263","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Temple, or ‘Hebrew Benevolent Congregation,’ is Atlanta’s oldest Jewish congregation. The cornerstone was laid on the Temple on Garnett Street in 1875.  The dedication was held in 1877 and the Temple was located there until 1902.  The Temple’s next location on Pryor Street was dedicated in 1902. The Temple’s current location in Midtown on Peachtree Street was dedicated in 1931. The main sanctuary is on the National Register of Historic Places. The Reform congregation now totals approximately 1,500 families (2015).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=690.0,720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/annotation_set/344/annotation/264","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Standard Club is a Jewish social club that started as the Concordia Association in 1867 in Downtown Atlanta. In 1905, it was reorganized as the ‘Standard Club’ and moved into the former mansion of William C. Sanders near where Turner Field is now located.  In the late 1920’s the club moved to Ponce de Leon Avenue in Midtown Atlanta.  Later, the club moved to what is now the Lenox Park business park and was located there until 1983. In the 1980’s, the club moved to its present location in Johns Creek in Atlanta’s northern suburbs.  \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=720.0,750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/annotation_set/344/annotation/265","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Jewish Progressive Club was a Jewish social organization that was established in 1913 by Russian Jews who felt unwelcome at the Standard Club, where German Jews were predominant. At first the club was located in a rented house until a new club was built on Pryor Street including a swimming pool and a gym. In 1940 the club opened a larger facility at 1050 Techwood Drive in Midtown with three swimming pools, tennis and softball. In 1976 the club moved north to 1160 Moore’s Mill Road near Interstate 75. The property was eventually sold as the club faced financial challenges and the Carl E. Sanders Family YMCA at Buckhead opened in 1996.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=750.0,780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/annotation_set/344/annotation/266","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e‘Kike’ is a derogatory word for a Jews.  It appears to have derived from the fact that when illiterate immigrants came to the United States, they signed their documents with a cross or an ‘X’.  Jews, however, who were illiterate or did not know the Roman-English letters, chose to sign their name with a circle. They came to be called by the immigration authorities as ‘kikel,’ which is the Yiddish word for circle. It refers to a cheap, low-class, ill-mannered or ugly Jew. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=750.0,780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/annotation_set/344/annotation/267","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e‘Sheeny’ is a derogatory term for a Jews. It appears to be based on the way Jews pronounce the German word ‘schön’ (‘pretty,’ ‘beautiful’).  It has come to mean a bum, a liar, or a base person.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=750.0,780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/annotation_set/344/annotation/268","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRabbi David Marx was a long-time rabbi at the Temple in Atlanta, Georgia. He led the move toward Reform Judaism practices. He served as rabbi from 1895 to 1946. When he retired, Rabbi Jacob Rothschild took the pulpit that Rabbi Marx had held for more than half a century.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=780.0,810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/annotation_set/344/annotation/269","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRabbi Jacob Rothschild was rabbi of the city’s oldest Reform congregation, the Temple, in Atlanta, Georgia from 1946 until his death in 1973 from a heart attack. He forged close relationships with the city’s Christian clergy and distinguished himself as a charismatic spokesperson for civil rights.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=810.0,840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/annotation_set/344/annotation/270","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA mezuzah (Hebrew for ‘doorpost’) is a parchment scroll often contained in a decorative case which is fixed on the right side of doorpost of a home. The parchment scroll made by a scribe contains the handwritten text of the first two paragraphs of the Shema.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=810.0,840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/annotation_set/344/annotation/271","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOrthodox Judaism is a traditional branch of Judaism that strictly follows the Written Torah and the Oral Law concerning prayer, dress, food, sex, family relations, social behavior, the Sabbath day, holidays and more.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=840.0,870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/annotation_set/344/annotation/272","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHebrew for ‘teaching. ‘Torah’ is a general term that covers all Jewish law including the vast mass of teachings recorded in the Talmud and other rabbinical works. ‘Sefer Torah’ refers to the sacred scroll on which the first five books of the Bible (the Pentateuch) are written.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=870.0,900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/annotation_set/344/annotation/273","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHebrew for ‘study.’ The legal code spanning 1,000 years and based on the teachings of the Bible, the Talmud interprets biblical laws and commandments. It also contains a rich store of historic facts and traditions.  It has two divisions: the Mishnah and the Gemarah. The Mishnah is the interpretation of Biblical law. The Gemarah is a commentary on the Mishnah by a group of later scholars.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=870.0,900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/annotation_set/344/annotation/274","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAlso spelled ‘Kabala’ or ‘Cabala.’  It is at one time a method, discipline and school of thought.  In Judaism it forms the foundation of mystical religious interpretation. Kabbalah seeks to define the nature of the universe and the human being, the nature and purpose of our existence, etc.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=870.0,900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/annotation_set/344/annotation/275","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Jewish Educational Alliance operated from 1910 to 1948 on the site where the Atlanta-Fulton County Stadium was located. The JEA was once the hub of Jewish life in Atlanta. Families congregated there for social, educational, sports and cultural programs. The JEA ran camps and held classes to help some new residents learn to read and write English. For newcomers, it became a refuge, with programs to help them acclimate to a new home. The JEA stayed at that site until the late 1940’s, when it evolved into the Atlanta Jewish Community Center and moved to Peachtree Street. It stayed there until 1998, when the building was sold and the center moved to Dunwoody. In 2000, it was renamed the ‘Marcus Jewish Community Center of Atlanta.’\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=870.0,900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/annotation_set/344/annotation/276","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe comparison here seems to be between ‘Gottheimer’ and ‘Bethel,’ which are similar in translation: ‘Gottheimer’ means ‘God’s homeland’ in German and ‘Bethel’ means ‘House of G-d’ in Hebrew.  The name ‘Garey’ appears to have been chosen randomly as a more ‘American’ name than ‘Gottheimer.’  It bears no relation to either ‘Gottheimer’ or ‘Bethel.’\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=960.0,990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/annotation_set/344/annotation/277","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe State of Florida was under colonial rule of Spain from 1513-1763 and then again from 1783-1821. It became an American territory in 1821.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=1050.0,1080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/annotation_set/344/annotation/278","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSt. Augustine is a city in northeastern Florida. It is the oldest continuously occupied European-established settlement within the borders of the United States.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=1080.0,1110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/annotation_set/344/annotation/279","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA large area of grazing land without fences or other barriers\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=1080.0,1110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/annotation_set/344/annotation/280","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMatanzas Inlet is a channel in Florida between barrier islands connecting the Atlantic Ocean and the south end of the Matanzas River.  It is 14 miles south of St. Augustine.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=1110.0,1140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/annotation_set/344/annotation/281","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA Huguenot is a member of a French Protestant denomination with origins in the sixteenth of seventeenth centuries. They suffered a series of religious persecutions from the Catholic Church, resulting in their relocation to Protestant European nations such as England, Denmark, Switzerland, etc., and also including the New World.  They settled near St. Augustine, Florida, which was then colonized by Spain.  Spain reacted by sending a fleet to Florida with the intent to uproot them and send them on their way.  Although the Huguenots attempted to defend themselves ultimately, the small colony was massacred.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=1140.0,1170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/annotation_set/344/annotation/282","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Anguish of the Jews: Twenty-Three Centuries of Antisemitism, Edward H. Flannery, 1985.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=1350.0,1380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/annotation_set/344/annotation/283","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eChristian Science is a set of beliefs and practices developed in nineteenth century New England by Mary Baker Eddy (1821-1910), who argued in her book Science and Health (1875) that sickness is an illusion that can be corrected by prayer alone. Eddy and 26 followers were granted a charter in 1879 to found the Church of Christ, Scientist, and in 1894 the Mother Church, the First Church of Christ, Scientist, was built in Boston, Massachusetts.  In the early twentieth century Christian Science became the fastest growing religion in the United States. The church is known for its newspaper, the Christian Science Monitor, and for its reading rooms, which are open to the public in around 1,200 cities.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=1470.0,1500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/annotation_set/344/annotation/284","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThis is the First Church of Christ, Scientist. The Greek Revival-style church building was opened in 1914 and is located at the corner of 15th Street and Peachtree Street.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=1530.0,1560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/annotation_set/344/annotation/285","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Indian Chief was built by the Hendee Manufacturing Company, which later became the Indian Motorcycle Company from 1922 to the end of the company’s production in 1953. It is no longer made.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=1740.0,1770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/annotation_set/344/annotation/286","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Boeing B-29 Superfortress is a four-engine, propeller-driven, heavy bomber that was flown primarily by the United States at the end of World War II. It was initially used against Japan as a high-altitude strategic bomber but was more effective in low-altitude nighttime incendiary bombing missions. The B-29 also carried the atomic bombs that were dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=1860.0,1890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/annotation_set/344/annotation/287","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJapan surrendered on August 15, 1945 thus ending World War II. The armistice was officially signed on September 2, 1945.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=1860.0,1890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/annotation_set/344/annotation/288","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Eighth Air Force was based in England and participated in the air war in Europe during World War II.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=1890.0,1920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/annotation_set/344/annotation/289","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe actual figure seems to be 47,000 casualties with more than 26,000 dead.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=1920.0,1950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/annotation_set/344/annotation/290","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDuring World War II, the United States Army Air Forces built Payne Airfield to serve the Allied Forces, rather than take over the existing Almaza Airport located 3 miles away.  Payne Field was a major Air Transport Command air cargo and passenger hub. When American forces left the base at the end of the war, the Civil Aviation Authority took over the facility and began using it for international civil aviation.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=1950.0,1980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/annotation_set/344/annotation/291","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Nile River is a major north-flowing river in northeastern Africa, generally regarded as the longest river in the world.  It is 4,258 miles long, and its water resources are shared by numerous African countries.  In particular, the Nile is the primary water source of Egypt and Sudan.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=1980.0,2010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/annotation_set/344/annotation/292","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e(Hebrew: Defense).  This was a Jewish paramilitary organization that operated in the British Mandate of Palestine from 1920 to 1948. Later, most of its members became the core of the Israel Defense Forces (IDF).  Haganah was originally created to protect Jewish farms and kibbutzim and to actively confront the Arabs.  \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn the wake of the 1929 Arab riots the group grew and got more organized, acquiring military equipment and skills that turned them into a capable underground army. After the war, the Haganah carried out anti­British operations in Palestine such as the liberation of interned immigrants from the Atlit detainee camp, and attacking British installations.  They also organized underground immigration into Palestine.  Two weeks after Israel became a state, the Israel Defense Forces were created to succeed Haganah. All other paramilitary organizations were outlawed.  This led to conflicts between David Ben­Gurion, the prime minister, and the Haganah leadership.  Famous members of the group included Yitzhak Rabin, Ariel Sharon, and Moshe Dayan.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=2010.0,2040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/annotation_set/344/annotation/293","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLod is a mixed Jewish-Arab city 10 miles southeast of Tel Aviv.  Israel’s main international airport, Ben Gurion International Airport, is located on the outskirts of the city.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=2010.0,2040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/annotation_set/344/annotation/294","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eZionism is a movement which supports a Jewish national state in the territory defined as the Land of Israel. Although Zionism existed before the nineteenth century, in the 1890’s Theodor Herzl popularized it and gave it a new urgency, as he believed that Jewish life in Europe was threatened and a State of Israel was needed.  The State of Israel was established in 1948 and Zionism today is expressed as support for the continued existence of Israel.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=2040.0,2070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/annotation_set/344/annotation/295","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Boeing B-52 Stratofortress is a long-range, subsonic, jet-powered strategic bomber. The B-52 was designed and built by Boeing, which has continued to provide support and upgrades.  It has been operated by the United States Air Force since the 1950’s. The bomber is capable of carrying up to 70,000 pounds of weapons and has a typical combat range of more than 8,800 miles without aerial refueling. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=2100.0,2130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/annotation_set/344/annotation/296","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Lockheed C-130 Hercules is a four-engine, turboprop, military transport aircraft designed and built originally by Lockheed, now Lockheed Martin. Capable of using unprepared runways for takeoffs and landings, the C-130 was originally designed as a troop, medivac, and cargo transport aircraft. The C-130 entered service with the United States in the 1950’s, followed by Australia and others.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=2100.0,2130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/annotation_set/344/annotation/297","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAir Transport Command (ATC) is an United States Air Force unit that was created during World War II as the strategic airlift component of the United States Army Air Forces.  It had two main missions, the delivery of supplies and equipment between the United States and the overseas combat theaters and the ferrying of aircraft from the manufacturing plants in the United States to where they were needed for training or for operational use in combat. ATC also operated a worldwide air transportation system for military personnel. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=2130.0,2160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/annotation_set/344/annotation/298","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e Roberts International Airport, informally also known as ‘Robertsfield,’ is an international airport in the West African nation of Liberia. The runway was built long enough for B-47 Stratojet bombers to land for refueling, giving Liberia what was for many years the longest runway in Africa.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=2130.0,2160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/annotation_set/344/annotation/299","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAnglo-Egyptian Sudan referred to the manner by which Sudan was administered between 1899 and 1956. The Anglo-Egyptian Condominium Agreements of January 19 and July 10, 1899, established the joint British and Egyptian government that ruled the eastern Sudan from 1899 to 1955 and, with some later modifications, lasted until the formation of the sovereign, independent Republic of the Sudan on January 1, 1956.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=2160.0,2190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/annotation_set/344/annotation/300","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eErwin Johannes Eugen Rommel, popularly known as the ‘Desert Fox,’ was a German field marshal of World War II.  Rommel was a highly decorated officer in World War I.  In World War II, he distinguished himself as the commander of the 7th Panzer Division during the 1940 invasion of France. His leadership of German and Italian forces in the North African campaign established his reputation as one of the most able commanders of the war.  He later commanded the German forces opposing the Allied cross-channel invasion of Normandy.  He committed suicide in October 1944, after he failed to stop the Allied forces in France.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=2190.0,2220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/annotation_set/344/annotation/301","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFollowing the invasion of China in 1937, Japanese forces controlled virtually of the China’s Pacific coast and large parts of the interior. When the Japanese overran Burma in the spring of 1942 the last land route to China was cut off.  The United States needed to keep China in the war because its forces preoccupied hundreds of thousands of Japanese troops, but to do so they needed to get supplies to China. Thus, cut off by land, in April 1942 Allied pilots starting flying the “Hump” to bring supplies to China.  The ‘Hump’ was a very dangerous 530-mile long passage over the Himalayan Mountains.  They continued the airlift until 1945 when the Burma Road was reopened.  Nearly 1,000 men and 600 Air Transport Command aircraft were lost in the operation.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=2220.0,2250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/annotation_set/344/annotation/302","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe C-47 Skytrain, or Dakota, was a military transport aircraft developed from the Douglas DC-3 airliner.  It was used extensively by the Allies in World War II and continued in airline service, with passenger modifications long after the war. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=2220.0,2250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/annotation_set/344/annotation/303","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Douglas DC-3 is a fixed-wing, propeller-driven airliner. Its cruise speed revolutionized air transport in the 1930’s and 1940’s. Its lasting effect on the airline industry and World War II makes it one of the most significant transport aircraft ever made. It was fast, had a good range and could operate from short runways, and it was reliable, easy to maintain and carried passengers in greater comfort. It was able to cross the continental United States, making transcontinental flights and worldwide flights possible. Civil DC-3 production ended in 1942.  During World War II, many civilian DC-3s were drafted for the war effort and just over 10,000 United States military versions of the DC-3 were built, under the designations ‘C-47,’ ‘C-53,’ ‘R4D,’ and ‘Dakota.’ The armed forces of many countries used the DC-3 and its military variants for the transport of troops, cargo, and wounded.  Thousands of surplus C-47s, previously operated by several air forces, were converted for civilian use after the war and became the standard equipment of almost all the world's airlines, remaining in frontline service for many years.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=2250.0,2280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/annotation_set/344/annotation/304","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe C-46 (Curtiss Commando) was a transport aircraft that was used in World War II by the United States.  At the time of its production, the C-46 was the largest twin-engine aircraft in the world.  It still continues to operate a rugged cargo transport planes in the Arctic and remote locations.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=2250.0,2280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/annotation_set/344/annotation/305","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress is a four-engine, heavy bomber aircraft developed for the United States Army Air Corps (USAAC).  From its introduction in 1938, the B-17 evolved through numerous design advances and was primarily employed by the United States Army Air Forces in the strategic bombing campaign of World War II against German industrial and military targets.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=2400.0,2430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/annotation_set/344/annotation/306","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAdolph William “Al” Schwimmer (1917-2011) was an American-born Israeli engineer and businessman.  He was the founder and first CEO of Israel Aerospace Industries.  In 1948, he smuggled surplus aircraft into Palestine by setting up a fake airline that flew the planes via South America to Africa and Europe and from there to Palestine.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=2400.0,2430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/annotation_set/344/annotation/307","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Sonneborn Group was headed by Rudolf Goldschmid Sonneborn (1898-1986), who was an American oil executive, businessman, and one-time president of the State of Israel bond drive. He visited Palestine in 1919 and became an ardent Zionist.  In 1947, shortly before the end of the British mandate, David Ben-Gurion asked a small gathering of American-Jewish activists at Mr. Sonneborn’s apartment to send supplies to the Jewish community and its military force, the Haganah.  The group became a secretive, nationwide organization led by Mr. Sonneborn, which worked to smuggle badly needed materials to the Jewish people who were fighting to establish a Jewish state in Israel.  They also helped smuggle tens of thousands of Jews from Europe after the Holocaust into Israel, in defiance of the British.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=2430.0,2460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/annotation_set/344/annotation/308","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eYiddish for a bungler, ineffectual person, inept person; a person who is easily victimized.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=2460.0,2490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/annotation_set/344/annotation/309","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e‘Cracker’ is a disparaging term for white people, especially poor rural whites in the Southern United States. With the huge influx of new residents from the North, ‘cracker’ sometimes is used informally by some white residents of Florida and Georgia as a proud self-description to indicate that their family has lived there for many generations. For the most part, however, it remains a slur.  \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=2490.0,2520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/annotation_set/344/annotation/310","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBarack H. Obama is the 44th President of the United States, serving two consecutive terms from 2009-2016. He is the first African-American elected as president in United States history.  He is a Democrat.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=2490.0,2520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/annotation_set/344/annotation/311","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDavid Axelrod was a senior advisor to President Barack Obama.  Today (2016) he is director of the Institute of Politics at University of Chicago.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=2490.0,2520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/annotation_set/344/annotation/312","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBedek Aviation Company’ became ‘Israel Aerospace Industries.’  Founded in 1953, as Bedek, Al Schwimmer was the company’s founder and first president.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=2520.0,2550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/annotation_set/344/annotation/313","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe western nations, led by Britain and the United States, had placed a universal blockade on arms for Israel.  The British were flying patrols to interdict all shipments. The FBI was arresting and imprisoning any American caught “serving under a foreign flag.”  The only countries that could work with the Jews were those of the Soviet bloc, specifically Czechoslovakia, which was desperate for American dollars.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=2550.0,2580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/annotation_set/344/annotation/314","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTransjordan (also spelled ‘Trans-Jordan’) was an area east of the Jordan River. From 1921 to 1946 it was known as Transjordan and was controlled by the British.  The modern country of Jordan was established in 1946, and was known as Transjordan until 1949 when it became Jordan and is ruled by the Hashemites.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=2550.0,2580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/annotation_set/344/annotation/315","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDwight David Eisenhower (1890-1969), familiarly known as ‘Ike,’ was the 34th President of the United States, serving from 1953 until 1961. He was a five-star general in the United States Army during World War II and served as Supreme Commander of the Allied Forces in Europe.  He was a Republican.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=2580.0,2610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/annotation_set/344/annotation/316","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHarry S. Truman was the 33rd President of the United States from 1945-1953.  He served briefly as vice president in 1945 before being sworn in as president on April 12, 1945 upon the sudden death of President Franklin D. Roosevelt. He was president during the final months of World War II, making the decision to drop the atomic bomb on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Truman was elected in his own right in 1948.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=2580.0,2610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/annotation_set/344/annotation/317","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFranklin Delano Roosevelt (1882-1945) was the 32nd President of the United States and a central figure in world events during the mid-twentieth century, leading the United States through a time of worldwide economic crisis and war. Popularly known as ‘FDR,’ he collapsed and died in his home in Warm Springs, Georgia just a few months before the end of the war. He was a Democrat.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=2610.0,2640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/annotation_set/344/annotation/318","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAs an intelligence-driven and a threat-focused national security organization with both intelligence and law enforcement responsibilities, the mission of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) is to protect and defend the United States against terrorist and foreign intelligence threats, to uphold and enforce the criminal laws of the United States, and to provide leadership and criminal justice services to federal, state, municipal, and international agencies and partners.  The FBI focuses on threats that challenge the foundations of American society or involve dangers too large or complex for any local or state authority to handle alone.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=2610.0,2640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/annotation_set/344/annotation/319","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eService Airways was formed in the United States as a front for the secret buying of planes, parts and weapons and the shipment of all this materiel to Israel.  This company later became the ‘Lineas Aereas de Panama.’\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=2640.0,2670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/annotation_set/344/annotation/320","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Lockheed C-69 Constellation was a four-engine, propeller-driven airliner pressed into military service during World War II. The first Constellation was delivered to the United States Army Air Forces later in the same year. They were mostly used as long-range personnel transport aircraft during the war. After World War II, they performed successfully as a fast and popular passenger aircraft.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=2670.0,2700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/annotation_set/344/annotation/321","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCorsica is a mountainous island in the Mediterranean Sea belonging to France. It is located west of the Italian Peninsula, southeast of the French mainland, and north of the Italian island of Sardinia.  \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=2700.0,2730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/annotation_set/344/annotation/322","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe North American Aviation P-51 Mustang is an American long-range, single-seat fighter and fighter-bomber used during World War II, the Korean War and other conflicts.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=2700.0,2730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/annotation_set/344/annotation/323","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Republic P-47 Thunderbolt is one of the largest and heaviest of the World War II fighter aircraft.  It was built from 1941-1945 and was armed with eight .50-caliber machine guns, four per wing. The Thunderbolt was very effective as a short-to-medium range escort fighter in high-altitude air-to-air combat but was also adept at ground attack in both the World War II European and Pacific Theaters.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=2700.0,2730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/annotation_set/344/annotation/324","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJoseph Vissarionovich Stalin was the dictator of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) from 1929 until his death in 1953. Under Stalin, the Soviet Union was transformed from a peasant society into an industrial and military superpower. After Bolshevik leader Vladimir Lenin died in 1924, Stalin outmaneuvered his rivals for control of the party. Once in power, he collectivized farming and had potential enemies executed or sent to forced labor camps. Stalin ruled by terror, and millions of his own citizens died during his brutal reign. Stalin aligned with the United States and Britain in World War II but afterward engaged in an increasingly tense relationship with the West known as the Cold War.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=2730.0,2760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/annotation_set/344/annotation/325","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Messerschmitt Bf 109 is a German World War II fighter aircraft designed by Willy Messerschmitt and Robert Lusser during the early to mid-1930’s. It was commonly called the Me 109, most often by Allied aircrew and even amongst the German aces themselves, even though this was not the official German designation.  During World War II, it was the backbone of the Luftwaffe's fighter force.   \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=2730.0,2760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/annotation_set/344/annotation/326","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e‘Bayerische Motoren Werke AG’, German for ‘Bavarian Motor Works,’ usually known under its abbreviation ‘BMW,’ is a German luxury vehicles, motorcycle, and engine manufacturing company founded in 1916.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=2730.0,2760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/annotation_set/344/annotation/327","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Junkers Ju 87 or ‘Stuka’ (from Sturzkampfflugzeug or ‘dive bomber’) was a German dive bomber and ground-attack aircraft designed by Hermann Pohlmann and first flew in 1935. The Ju 87 made its combat debut in 1937 with the Luftwaffe's Condor Legion during the Spanish Civil War. It served the Axis forces in World War II.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=2730.0,2760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/annotation_set/344/annotation/328","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMordechai Alon (1912-1948) was an Israeli fighter pilot who, with the formation of the Israeli Air Force in May 1948, assumed command of its first fighter squadron. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=2820.0,2850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/annotation_set/344/annotation/329","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Royal Air Force (RAF) is the United Kingdom's aerial warfare force. Formed towards the end of the First World War on 1 April 1918, it is the oldest independent air force in the world.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=2820.0,2850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/annotation_set/344/annotation/330","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e‘Ugly American’ is a pejorative term used to refer to perceptions of loud, arrogant, demeaning, thoughtless, ignorant, and ethnocentric behavior of American citizens abroad. The term appeared within a few years of the publication of the book The Ugly American by Eugene Burdick and William Lederer in 1958.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=2880.0,2910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/annotation_set/344/annotation/331","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Noorduyn Norseman is a Canadian single-engine, rugged bush plane designed to operate from unimproved surfaces.  It had a powerful engine and an oversized cargo bay.  It was originally designed in Canada to fly in and out of northern backcountry.  Distinctive stubby landing gear protrusions from the lower fuselage make it easily recognizable.  Designed by Robert B.C. Noorduyn and originally introduced in 1935, the Norseman remained in production for almost 25 years from 1935 to 1959. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=2940.0,2970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/annotation_set/344/annotation/332","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Avro Anson is a British twin-engine, multi-role aircraft that served with the Royal Air Force, Fleet Air Arm, Royal Canadian Air Force and numerous other air forces before, during, and after the Second World War. Developed from the Avro 652 airliner, the Anson, named after British Admiral George Anson, was developed for maritime reconnaissance, but found to be obsolete in this role. It was then found to be suitable as a multi-engine aircrew trainer, becoming the mainstay of the British Commonwealth Air Training Plan (BCATP).  BCATP was a massive, joint military aircrew training program created by the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia and New Zealand, during the World War II.  \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=3000.0,3030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/annotation_set/344/annotation/333","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe atomic bomb was dropped on Hiroshima on August 6, 1945. Nagasaki was bombed on August 9, 1945.  Japan sued for peace on August 15, 1945.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=3120.0,3150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/annotation_set/344/annotation/334","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Acropolis of Athens is an ancient citadel located on a high rocky outcrop above the city of Athens and contains the remains of several ancient buildings of great architectural and historic significance, the most famous being the Parthenon.  In ancient Athens the most important festival of the year was a procession in which all the inhabitants of Athens assembled and walked up to the Acropolis, with their animal sacrifices, to honor Athena, the goddess of the city at her altar on the Acropolis. The goddess was also presented with a new garment woven during the year.  A series of athletic contests, races and feasting accompanied the event.  Today similar observations center around the Greek Orthodox Church and Holy Week, when a series of processions relating to Good Friday and Easter Sunday solemnities, including religious observances and candlelight processions through the streets, are observed by most of the population of Athens.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=3180.0,3210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/annotation_set/344/annotation/335","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eColeman “Collie” Goldstein was an American B-17 pilot of World War II. He was shot down over France in the fall of 1943, but managed to land the plane safely. Goldstein survived the winter, aided by the French Resistance, before crossing the Pyrenees on foot to safety.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=3240.0,3270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/annotation_set/344/annotation/336","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLou Lenart serves in the Marines during World War II and led the Israeli Air Force’s first combat mission on May 29, 1948, that stopped the Egyptians less than 30 miles from Tel Aviv. He later flew for El Al Airlines.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=3240.0,3270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/annotation_set/344/annotation/337","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eKaddish (Hebrew for ‘holy’) is a hymn of praises to G-d found in the Jewish prayer service that is recited aloud while standing. The central theme of the Kaddish is the magnification and sanctification of G-d's name. Along with the Shema and Amidah, the Kaddish is one of the most important and central elements in the Jewish liturgy.  Mourner's Kaddish is said at all prayer services and certain other occasions. Following the death of a parent, child, spouse, or sibling it is customary to recite the Mourner's Kaddish in the presence of a congregation daily for 30 days, or 11 months in the case of a parent, and then at every anniversary of the death. It is important to note that the Mourner's Kaddish does not mention death at all, but instead praises G-d.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=3270.0,3300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/annotation_set/344/annotation/338","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Mossad is the national intelligence agency of Israel.  It is responsible for intelligence collection, covert operations, and counterterrorism.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=3300.0,3330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/annotation_set/344/annotation/339","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA limpet mine is a type of naval mine attached to a target by magnets. It is so named because of its superficial similarity to the limpet, a type of sea snail that clings tightly to rocks or other hard surfaces. A swimmer or diver usually attaches the mine to the vessel.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=3300.0,3330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/annotation_set/344/annotation/340","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSmith \u0026amp; Wesson is an Anerucab manufacturer of firearms. Founded in 1852, Smith \u0026amp; Wesson’s pistols and revolvers have become standard issue to police and armed forces throughout the world, in addition to their popularity among sport shooters. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=3330.0,3360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/annotation_set/344/annotation/341","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Palmach (Hebrew: “Strike Force”) was the elite fighting force of the Haganah, the underground army of the Yishuv (Jewish community) during the period of the British Mandate of Palestine.  It was established in 1941 and by the time it was forcibly disbanded it consisted of over 2,000 men and women.  Its members went on to form the backbone of the Israel Defense Forces and were prominent in Israeli politics, literature and culture.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=3330.0,3360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/annotation_set/344/annotation/342","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEzer Weizman was the seventh President of Israel, first elected in 1993 and re-elected in 1998.  He was a nephew of Israel's first president, Chaim Weizmann.  Before the presidency, Weizman was a combat pilot and received his training in the British Army.  He enlisted in 1942 during World War II, and, in 1943, he joined the British Royal Air Force (RAF) and attended aviation school in Rhodesia. He served with the RAF in India in early 1944 and ended his service in the RAF as a sergeant pilot. Between 1944 and 1946, Weizman was a member of the Irgun underground in Mandatory Palestine, and between 1946 and 1947, he studied aeronautics in England. After the establishment of the State of Israel, Weizman was a pilot for the Haganah in the 1948 Arab-Israeli War.  Weizman joined the Israel Defense Forces and served as the commander of the Israeli Air Force between 1958 and 1966, and then as Deputy Chief of the General Staff.  He retired from military service in 1969 and began his political career. In 1977, he became Defense Minister under Menachem Begin. After the visit to Jerusalem of Egypt's president Anwar Sadat in 1977, Weizman developed a close friendship with him. These relations were a crucial factor in the talks that culminated in the 1978 Camp David accords, followed by a peace treaty with Egypt the following year. In 1993, Weizman was elected to serve as the next President of Israel.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=3450.0,3480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/annotation_set/344/annotation/343","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGalilee is a region in northern Israel.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=3450.0,3480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/annotation_set/344/annotation/344","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMay 14, 1948.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=3510.0,3540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/annotation_set/344/annotation/345","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe insignia for the Egyptian Air Force from 1937 to 1958 was a wide green circle with a white circle inside it.  In the center of the white circle was a crescent moon and three stars in green and white.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=3630.0,3660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/annotation_set/344/annotation/346","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBoris Senior was a central and pivotal figure in the dramatic story of the role of the Machal in the history of the Israel Air Force and War of Independence. ‘Machal’ is an acronym for the Hebrew words for volunteers from outside the land, and from 1947-1949, more than 4,000 volunteers from abroad came from at least 46 countries to defend and fight for the nascent State of Israel during its struggle for survival and independence.  Senior, who was the son of an ardent South African Zionist family, was a fighter pilot in the South African Air Force during World War II.  In 1947, while studying economics at London University, Senior became friend with fellow student Ezer Weizman, and both became involved in the activities of the Irgun underground. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=3660.0,3690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/annotation_set/344/annotation/347","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAfter the formation of the State of Israel in 1948, war broke out when five Arab nations invaded territory in the former Palestinian mandate immediately following the announcement of independence. Fighting continued until February 1949, when Israel and its neighboring states of Egypt, Lebanon, Transjordan, and Syria agreed to formal armistice lines.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=3690.0,3720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/annotation_set/344/annotation/348","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJosip Broz Tito was the supreme commander of the People’s Liberation Army and Partisan Detachment, known as the ‘Partisans,’ in Yugoslavia during World War II.  In 1933, Tito was appointed Prime Minister of a provisional executive body formed in Yugoslavia, called the National Committee for the Liberation of Yugoslavia. At the time, he received the title, “Marshal of Yugoslavia.” The Partisans were recognized as the Allied Yugoslav resistance movement, and granted supplies and wartime support. Later, Tito became the General Secretary of the Communist Party of Yugoslavia.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=3720.0,3750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/annotation_set/344/annotation/349","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGrumman Corporation began as ‘Grumman Aeronautical Engineering Company’ in 1930 by a team that included Leroy Grumman.  It is now a major multi-national national defense contractor.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=3720.0,3750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/annotation_set/344/annotation/350","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCollins Radio Company, founded by Arthur Collins in 1933, initially designed and produced short wave radio equipment, flight control instruments, radio communication devices, and satellite voice transmissions. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=3780.0,3810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/annotation_set/344/annotation/351","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe M2 Machine Gun or Browning .50 caliber machine gun is a heavy machine gun designed towards the end of World War I by John Browning. It has been used extensively as a vehicle weapon and for aircraft armament by the United States from the 1930’s to the present.  \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=3810.0,3840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/annotation_set/344/annotation/352","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHarry (Freddy) Fredkens, an ex-RAF pilot, was sent to Europe in late 1947 on David Ben-Gurion's instructions to acquire aircraft. On the advice of Fredkens, Joe Sutherland, and John Harvey, all of whom had flying experience on Avro Anson aircraft, Emanuel Tzur, a Haganah agent, purchased five Avro Ansons in Europe.  In March 1948, 20 Nordyne Norseman light transport aircraft had been purchased in Germany by Fredkens and were smuggled into Palestine via Prague, Czechoslovakia, a French airport in Corsica and a deserted RAF landing strip in Palestine.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=3900.0,3930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/annotation_set/344/annotation/353","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSS America was an ocean liner built in 1940 for the United States Lines and designed by the noted American naval architect William Francis Gibbs.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=3990.0,4020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/annotation_set/344/annotation/354","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe black gang are the members of a ship’s crew in the steamship era who work in the fire room/engine room.  They are also called stokers or firemen. They are called ‘black’ because of the soot and coal dust that is thick in the air.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=4110.0,4140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/annotation_set/344/annotation/355","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA derogatory word for an Italian person.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=4110.0,4140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/annotation_set/344/annotation/356","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe hora is a circle dance that originated in the Balkan counties and but also found in other countries, including Israel.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=4140.0,4170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/annotation_set/344/annotation/357","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAfrikaans is a West Germanic language spoken in South Africa, Namibia, and to a lesser extent, Botswana and Zimbabwe.  It evolved from the Dutch vernacular of South Holland spoken by the mainly Dutch settlers of what is now South Africa, where it gradually began to develop distinguishing characteristics in the course of the eighteenth century.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=4140.0,4170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/annotation_set/344/annotation/358","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMachal is the acronym for “Overseas Volunteers” in Hebrew. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=4200.0,4230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/annotation_set/344/annotation/359","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA French term meaning ‘allow to pass,’ used to mean a document allowing its holder to come and go freely, especially in lieu of a passport.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=4290.0,4320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/annotation_set/344/annotation/360","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Israeli ‘Burma Road’ was a makeshift bypass road between the general vicinity of kibbutz Hilda and Jerusalem. It was built by Israeli forces headed by General Mickey Marcus during the 1948 Siege of Jerusalem. The name was inspired by the Burma Road into China.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=4410.0,4440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/annotation_set/344/annotation/361","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA family of British submachine guns used extensively by the British and Commonwealth forces throughout World War Ii and the Korean War.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=4530.0,4560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/annotation_set/344/annotation/362","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eO Jerusalem! By Larry Collins and Dominique Lapierre (1972).  The books tells the story of the war of independence and the struggle for Jerusalem.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=4680.0,4710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/annotation_set/344/annotation/363","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLenart’s films included The Prodigal Father, Iron Eagle and others.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=4770.0,4800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/annotation_set/344/annotation/364","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Isle of Man is a self-governing Crown dependency in the Irish Sea between Great Britain and Ireland.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=4890.0,4920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/annotation_set/344/annotation/365","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e‘Kibbutz’ means ‘gathering’ or ‘clustering’ in Hebrew. It is a collective community in Israel traditionally based on agriculture. They began as utopian communities that combined socialism and Zionism.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=4950.0,4980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/annotation_set/344/annotation/366","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Bristol Beaufighter was an English multi-role aircraft developed during World War II.  It could be used as a bomber, a night fighter or in strike and ground attack roles.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=5130.0,5160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/annotation_set/344/annotation/367","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAn Israeli politician, founder of Likud [the Labor party] and the sixth Prime Minister of the State of Israel.  Before independence, Begin was the leader of the Zionist militant group Irgun, the Revisionist breakaway from the larger Jewish paramilitary organization Haganah.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=5220.0,5250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/annotation_set/344/annotation/368","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThese are separate groups:  Lehi (Lohamei Herut Israel) was a Zionist paramilitary organization founded by Avraham Stern in Palestine.  In English it was referred to as the ‘Stern Gang’ and its goal was to evict the British from Palestine for force and the formation of a Jewish state.  Irgun was a similar group that operated between 1931 and 1948.  It was an offshoot of the older and larger Haganah.  It was based on the philosophy of Revisionist Zionism founded by Ze’ev Jabotinsky. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=5220.0,5250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/annotation_set/344/annotation/369","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCyprus is an island nation in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea, off the coasts of Syria and Turkey. At that time it was under British administration, making it ‘hostile territory’ for pro-Israeli people.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=5280.0,5310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/annotation_set/344/annotation/370","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Suez Canal is an artificial sea-level waterway in Egypt, connecting the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea through the Isthmus of Suez. The canal separates the African continent from Asia and allows ships to travel between Europe and South Asia without navigating around Africa, thereby reducing their voyages by about 7,000 kilometers (4,300 miles). The canal opened in 1869 and is owned and maintained by Egypt.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=5310.0,5340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/annotation_set/344/annotation/371","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e‘Blighty’ or ‘Old Blighty’ was a slang term for Great Britain, or often specifically England.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=5310.0,5340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/annotation_set/344/annotation/372","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDavid Ben-Gurion (1886-1973) was one of the primary founders and the first Prime Minister of Israel.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=5340.0,5370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/annotation_set/344/annotation/373","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eChaim Weizmann (1874-1952) was a Zionist leader, President of the Zionist Organization, and the first President of the State of Israel.  He was elected on February 1, 1949, and served until his death in 1952.  He was born near Pinsk and today’s Belarus and his father was in the timber industry.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=5400.0,5430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/annotation_set/344/annotation/374","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTechnion, or the Israel Institute of Technology, is a public research university in Haifa, Israel.  It was established in 1912 and offers degrees in science and engineering, architecture, medicine, industrial management and education.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=5610.0,5640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/annotation_set/344/annotation/375","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThis amounts to be a magnetic heading to the landing place. The landing place supplies the compass information to the pilot who follows the directions in to land.  It is no longer used having been replaced by modern avionics.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=5670.0,5700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/annotation_set/344/annotation/376","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGerman air force in World War II.  Today the aerial warfare branch is called the ‘German Air Force.’\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=5730.0,5760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/annotation_set/344/annotation/377","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA khamsin is an oppressive, hot, dry that blows from the south in Egypt in the spring.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=5760.0,5790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/annotation_set/344/annotation/378","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Persian Gulf is a sea in Western Asia.  An extension of the Indian Ocean through the Strait of Hormuz, it lies between Iran and the Arabian Peninsula.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=5790.0,5820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/annotation_set/344/annotation/379","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA slang American word for ‘out in the country,’ ‘out in the sticks’ or ‘the middle of nowhere.’ It is shortened from ‘boondocks’ which referred to rural areas.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=5820.0,5850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/annotation_set/344/annotation/380","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Sullivan Act is a gun control law in New York State that took effect in 1911.  The Act required licenses for New Yorkers to possess firearms small enough to be concealed.  Carrying concealed was a felony. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=5910.0,5940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/annotation_set/344/annotation/381","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJames C. Davis (1916-1992) was a Georgia politician when he represented the 5th Congressional District in the Georgia Assembly from 1947 to 1963.  He ran for President of the United States in 1956.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=6030.0,6060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/annotation_set/344/annotation/382","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePierre van Paassen (1895-1968) was a Dutch-Canadian-American journalist, writer, and minister.  In 1921 he moved to the United States and worked as a journalist. He gained fame reporting on the conflicts among Arabs, British, Jew and French in the Middle East. The author of numerous books it is unclear to which Mr. Garey is referring.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=6270.0,6300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/annotation_set/344/annotation/383","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIt was the successor of the Model-T Ford and was produced from 1928-1931. The basic model cost $500 and came in green, gray and black. Ford sold nearly 5,000,000 of them before it was discontinued in 1932.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=6330.0,6360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/annotation_set/344/annotation/384","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRich's was a department store retail chain, headquartered in Atlanta that operated in the southern United States from 1867 until 2005. The retailer began in Atlanta as M. Rich \u0026amp; Co. dry goods store and was run by Mauritius Reich (anglicized to ‘Morris Rich’), a Hungarian Jewish immigrant. It was renamed M. Rich \u0026amp; Bro. in 1877, when his brother Emanuel was admitted into the partnership, and was again renamed M. Rich \u0026amp; Bros. in 1884 when the third brother Daniel joined the partnership. In 1929, the company was reorganized and the retail portion of the business became simply, Rich's. Many of the former Rich's stores today form the core of Macy's Central, an Atlanta-based division of Macy's, Inc., which formerly operated as Federated Department Stores, Inc.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=6690.0,6720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/annotation_set/344/annotation/385","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe James Picker Company was founded by James Picker in New Your City in 1914 and manufactured X-ray equipment, film and accessories. They continued to manufacture all manner of medical equipment and in 1981 were acquired by General Electric of England, when the company became Picker International.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=6720.0,6750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/annotation_set/344/annotation/386","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThis is probably a 1949 crash, which involved a Curtiss C-46D, which was flying from San Juan Puerto Rico on its way to Miami.  It lost one engine and crashed into the Atlantic Ocean just off of Puntas Salinas.  Of the 81 passengers and crew on board, 53 were killed.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=6750.0,6780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/annotation_set/344/annotation/387","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Lockheed part of the company was originally founded by Allan and Malcolm Lockheed, who founded the Lockheed Aircraft company in a garage, in which they manufactured seaplanes. The other part was founded in 1912 by Glenn L. Martin in Los Angeles, California, which eventually became Martin Marietta.   Martin Marietta and Lockheed Corporation merged and 100 later Lockheed Martin is major defense contractor in the United States that conducts research, design, development, manufacture and integration of advanced technology systems, products and services in the aerospace industry.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=6810.0,6840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/annotation_set/344/annotation/388","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDuring World War II, the Bell Aircraft Corporation was established in Marietta.  In 1943 the plant began manufacturing B-29s to the United States Army Air Force. The plant closed after World War II and sat idle until 1951, when it became home to Lockheed-Georgia, later Lockheed Martin. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=6810.0,6840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/annotation_set/344/annotation/389","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Lockheed C-5 Galaxy is a large four-engine, military transport aircraft built by Lockheed.  It is still in use today although they are no longer made.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=6840.0,6870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/annotation_set/344/annotation/390","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Korean War began when North Korean forces invaded South Korea on June 25, 1950.  American troops entered the war in defense of the Republic of Korea to the south against the Soviet-backed Democratic People’s Republic of Korea to the north. Fighting ended on July 27, 1953, when an armistice agreement was signed maintaining a border between the Koreas near the 38th Parallel and creating the Korean Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) between the two Korean nations that still exists today.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=6900.0,6930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/annotation_set/344/annotation/391","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Boeing B-47 Stratojet was an American long range, six-engine, turbojet-powered strategic bombers designed to fly at high subsonic speed and at high altitude to avoid enemy interceptor aircraft.  Its primary mission was to drop nuclear bombs on the Soviet Union.  It is no longer being made but is still in use.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=6930.0,6960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/annotation_set/344/annotation/392","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDuring the Cold War the United States kept nuclear-equipped bombers in the air 24 hours per day continuously in case of a surprise attack from the Soviet Union.  Even if all ground-based missiles were wiped out we could still retaliate from the air.  This was stopped in 1968 because of its high cost and an increased reliance on nuclear-armed submarines and intercontinental ballistic missiles.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=6930.0,6960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/annotation_set/344/annotation/393","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Great Depression was a severe worldwide economic depression in the decade preceding World War II. The time of the Great Depression varied across nations, but in most countries it started in about 1929 and lasted until the late 1930’s or early 1940’s. It was the longest, most widespread, and deepest depression of the twentieth century.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=7050.0,7080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/annotation_set/344/annotation/394","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSatan, in the bible, is the entity who brings evil and temptation to lead humanity astray.  Some religious groups teach that he originated as angel who used to possess great piety and beauty, but fell from the side of G-d because of hubris (pride); others that he rebelled against G-d and took one third of the angels (now referred to as demons) with him into rebellion. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=7230.0,7260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/annotation_set/344/annotation/395","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMary Baker Eddy (1821-1910) was the founder of Christian Science, a religious movement in the United States in the latter half of the nineteenth century.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=7230.0,7260.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/index/47678","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Garey_William [Index]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/index/47678/annotation/396","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Introduction, family history","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=0.0,435.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/index/47678/annotation/397","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BAUMAN: Why don’t we start with your father’s family?  Tell me about your father’s family.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=0.0,435.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/index/47678/annotation/398","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Aschaffenburg","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Athens, Ga","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Bavaria, Germany","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Harry Garey","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Harry Gottheimer","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Mavis Garey","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Montag Brothers Paper Company","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Pennington School","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Reform Judaism","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"slurs","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=0.0,435.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/index/47678/annotation/399","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Education at the Pennington School ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=435.0,634.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/index/47678/annotation/400","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BAUMAN: What subjects did you enjoy?  Were there any good teachers that you remember?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=435.0,634.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/index/47678/annotation/401","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Albert Einstein","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"amateur radio","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ham radio","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Pennington School","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Pennington, NJ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Princeton University","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=435.0,634.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/index/47678/annotation/402","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Garey's father, Harry Gottheimer ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162#t=634.0,1039.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35879/file/105162/index/47678/annotation/403","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BAUMAN: Let’s come back to your father.  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