{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/gx44q7sf3f/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Cohen, Terese Ann Davis"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["2011/03/09 (captured)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Agent"]},"value":{"en":["Cohen, Terese Ann Davis (Interviewee)","Berman, Sandra Katz (Interviewer)","Einstein, Ruth (Interviewer)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["Video"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source"]},"value":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum","Esther and Herbert Taylor Oral History Collection","Georgia Oral History Project"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eTerese Ann Davis Cohen was interviewed by Sandy Berman and Ruth Einstein on March 9, 2011 in Albany, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e (general)","\u003cp\u003eTerese Ann Davis Cohen was born to Edward J. Davis and Sarah Maureen “Sadie” Gortatowsky on May 26, 1927, in Albany, Georgia. She grew up spending her time at The Albany Theatre, owned by the Gortatowsky family. Terese’s family were members of Temple B’Nai Israel, where she took classes and was confirmed. Once she graduated from Albany High School, she attended Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri and Florida State University in Tallahassee, Florida. Growing up, Terese met Norman Philip “Buddy” Cohen, determined to marry him even at an early age. When he returned from military service, they were married. They briefly moved to Tifton, GA before returning to Albany. Together, they owned The Shoe Box, specializing in offering affordable shoes to all. They owned up to five locations at once selling Cancellation Shoes. When Norman became ill, the couple decided to pass the company on to their children and grandchildren. Throughout her life, Terese was active in community organizations and fundraising until her death in 2018.\u003c/p\u003e (bioghist)","\u003cp\u003eThe interview begins with Terese Ann Davis Cohen detailing her family’s names and history. She discusses how they arrived in the United States, fought with the Confederate States Army in the American Civil War, and chose Albany as their home. The memoirist then recounts her childhood and her recollection of her experiences with antisemitism, racism, and involvement during the early years of Temple B’Nai Israel. A theme featured throughout the interview focuses on the memoirist’s observation of the Jewish community within Albany dwindling in both population and involvement.             Cohen remembers meeting her husband, Norman Philip “Buddy” Cohen, and their relationship. The memoirist revisits her memories of growing up around her family’s theatre and her nanny’s family. There are repeated mentions regarding the evolution of racism in Albany throughout the interview, including the Albany Movement and witnessing Ku Klux Klan activity. Terese also recalls her uncles’ involvement in working as an editor for Hearst Corporation and visiting the film set for Citizen Kane. Much of the interview focuses on Terese and Norman’s business, the Shoe Box. There is repeated emphasis on her pride in Southern heritage and opinions on Albany’s current state of racism and activity within the Jewish community as of 2011.\u003c/p\u003e (scope content)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject"]},"value":{"en":["Cohen, Terese Ann Davis, 1927 – 2018 (personal name)","Albany (Ga.) (geographic)","Macon-Bibb County (Ga.) (geographic)","Macon (Ga.) (geographic)","Auburn (Ala.) (geographic)","Gortatowsky, Morris David, 1840 – 1916 (personal name)","American Civil War (1861-1865) (named event)","Augusta (Ga.) (geographic)","Gortatowsky, Sarah Maureen “Sadie” (personal name)","Davis, Edward J. (personal name)","The Albany Herald (corporate name)","Antisemitism (topical)","Hebrew school (topical)","Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks of the United States of America (corporate name)","Landau, Rabbi Edmund A., 1875 – 1945 (personal name)","Jewish Confirmation (topical)","Jewish holidays (topical)","Christianity (topical)","Albany High School (Albany, Ga.) (corporate name)","Florida State University (Tallahassee, Fla.) (corporate name)","Cohen, Norman Phillip “Buddy”, 1924 – 2001 (personal name)","Tallahassee (Fla.) (geographic)","Bar mitzvah (topical term)","Synagogue (topical term)","Sisterhood (topical term)","Bat mitzvah (topical term)","Dothan (Ala.) (geographic)","Union for Reform Judaism Camp Coleman (Cleveland, Ga.) (corporate name)","Lord’s Pantry (Albany, Ga.) (corporate name)","Housekeeper (topical)","Segregation (topical)","Childcare (topical)","International March of the Living (Auschwitz-Birkenau, Poland) (named event)","Bridge (Game) (topical)","Chicago (Ill.) (geographic)","Jim Crow laws (topical term)","Albany Movement (Albany, Ga.) -- 1961 (named event)","Hearst Communications, Inc. (corporate name)","Department stores (topical)","King, Jr., Rev. Dr. Marting Luther, 1929 – 1968 (personal name)","White Citizens Council (Ga.) (corporate name)","White supremacy movements (topical)","Racism (topical)","Ku Klux Klan (1915- ) (corporate name)","Georgia State Patrol (corporate name)","Cross burning (Ga.) (topical term)","Tifton (Ga.) (geographic)","Cancellation Shoe (topical term)","Family business (topical)","Shoe stores (topical)","Traveling sales personnel (topical)","Mobile (Ala.) (geographic)","Pensacola (Fla.) (geographic)","The Shoe Box (Albany, Ga.) (corporate name)","Fashion industry (topical)","Immigration (topical)","World War II (1939-1945) (named event)","Jewish converts (topical term)","Columbus (Ga.) (geographic)","Police (topical)","Community (topical)","Politics (topical)","Religious traditions in American culture (topical)","High Holy Days (topical term)","Religious services (topical)","Pesach (topical term)","Seder (topical term)","Passover (topical term)","Hanukkah (topical term)","Jewish foods (topical)","Southern Heritage (U.S.) (topical term)","Dixie (topical term)","The Albany Theatre (Albany, Ga.) (corporate name)","Gortatowsky, Adolph (personal name)","The Columbus Times (corporate name)","Newspaper editors (topical)","Hollywood (Los Angeles, Calif.) (geographic)","Citizen Kane (Motion Picture) (other)","Welles, George Orson, 1915 – 1985 (personal name)","Havana (Cuba) (geographic)","Mansfield, Vera Jayne “Jayne” Palmer, 1933 – 1967 (personal name)","Filmmaking (Motion pictures) (topical)","Charlotte (N.C.) (geographic)","Theatre (topical)","Family (topical)","Confederate States of America. Army. (topical term)","Hearst, W.R. (William Randolph), Jr., 1908-1993 (personal name)"]}}],"summary":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eTerese Ann Davis Cohen was interviewed by Sandy Berman and Ruth Einstein on March 9, 2011 in Albany, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTerese Ann Davis Cohen was born to Edward J. Davis and Sarah Maureen \u0026ldquo;Sadie\u0026rdquo; Gortatowsky on May 26, 1927, in Albany, Georgia. She grew up spending her time at The Albany Theatre, owned by the Gortatowsky family. Terese\u0026rsquo;s family were members of Temple B\u0026rsquo;Nai Israel, where she took classes and was confirmed. Once she graduated from Albany High School, she attended Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri and Florida State University in Tallahassee, Florida. Growing up, Terese met Norman Philip \u0026ldquo;Buddy\u0026rdquo; Cohen, determined to marry him even at an early age. When he returned from military service, they were married. They briefly moved to Tifton, GA before returning to Albany. Together, they owned The Shoe Box, specializing in offering affordable shoes to all. They owned up to five locations at once selling Cancellation Shoes. When Norman became ill, the couple decided to pass the company on to their children and grandchildren. Throughout her life, Terese was active in community organizations and fundraising until her death in 2018.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe interview begins with Terese Ann Davis Cohen detailing her family\u0026rsquo;s names and history. She discusses how they arrived in the United States, fought with the Confederate States Army in the American Civil War, and chose Albany as their home. The memoirist then recounts her childhood and her recollection of her experiences with antisemitism, racism, and involvement during the early years of Temple B\u0026rsquo;Nai Israel. A theme featured throughout the interview focuses on the memoirist\u0026rsquo;s observation of the Jewish community within Albany dwindling in both population and involvement. \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; Cohen remembers meeting her husband, Norman Philip \u0026ldquo;Buddy\u0026rdquo; Cohen, and their relationship. The memoirist revisits her memories of growing up around her family\u0026rsquo;s theatre and her nanny\u0026rsquo;s family. There are repeated mentions regarding the evolution of racism in Albany throughout the interview, including the Albany Movement and witnessing Ku Klux Klan activity. Terese also recalls her uncles\u0026rsquo; involvement in working as an editor for Hearst Corporation and visiting the film set for Citizen Kane. Much of the interview focuses on Terese and Norman\u0026rsquo;s business, the Shoe Box. There is repeated emphasis on her pride in Southern heritage and opinions on Albany\u0026rsquo;s current state of racism and activity within the Jewish community as of 2011.\u003c/p\u003e"]},"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/253/249/small/Cohen_Teresa.m4v_1727560510.jpg?1727560511","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - Cohen_Teresa.m4v"]},"duration":5094.623,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/253/249/small/Cohen_Teresa.m4v_1727560510.jpg?1727560511","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-thebreman.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/253/249/original/Cohen_Teresa.m4v?1727560507","type":"Video","format":"video/mp4","duration":5094.623,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/transcript/72630","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Cohen, Terese Davis [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/transcript/72630/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Today is March 9, 2011. I'm with Terese Cohen in Albany, Georgia. I am very pleased that you agreed to participate in the Esther and Herbert Taylor Oral History Project of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=1.0,15.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/transcript/72630/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"COHEN: My pleasure.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=15.0,16.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/transcript/72630/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Thank you very much. My name is Sandy Berman. I'm pleased that we are going to have this time together. I'd like to begin by asking you to tell me a little bit about your background. When you were born, where you were born, and how your family ended up in Albany.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=16.0,34.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/transcript/72630/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"COHEN: I was born [on] May 26, 1927, at Phoebe Putney [Memorial] Hospital, which was about this big when I was born. My family came to . . . My daddy met my mother in Macon, Georgia. He went away . . . to Auburn, Alabama to school . . . [From] Mother's family, Papa came from Prussia into New York. How he managed to get to Albany, Georgia is a mystery to everybody. He worked his way down here at 16 years old. He bought some land. He worked, bought some land, [and] started growing cotton. [He] sent for my grandmother, who was, at that time, 13. She came over and they eventually got married and settled in Albany, Georgia.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=34.0,88.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/transcript/72630/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: What were their names? . . . The full names of both?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=88.0,92.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/transcript/72630/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"COHEN: . . . Morris David Gortatowsky.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=92.0,95.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/transcript/72630/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: And his wife?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=95.0,96.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/transcript/72630/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"COHEN: My grandmother's name was Mary Rebecca . . . Casper. Papa had two wives. One was Mary Casper, and one was Mary . . . Plunksy. That was the second part of the family. It's quite a big family. They settled here. There were maybe eight or nine families that settled here and formed a congregation. They were meeting in houses. Wherever they could meet before we had a temple. I don't remember that . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=96.0,137.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/transcript/72630/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: What year did they get here?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=137.0,138.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/transcript/72630/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"COHEN: In the 1800's.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=138.0,140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/transcript/72630/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Before the [American Civil War].","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=140.0,142.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/transcript/72630/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"COHEN: In the 1850's, yes. Something like that. They came over from . . . My grandfather brought his father over. He was a rabbi in the big shul in Berlin, [Germany]. He came over and Papa wanted him to live here with them. [His father] said he couldn't stay here, that the New World was too much for him. He had to go back. At that time, he went back to Germany. He's buried over there. He and my great-grandmother, they're all buried over there. Someday, I said, I was going over there and see if I could find them. I don't think it will be any time soon. My dad was from North Georgia, up above Augusta, [Georgia]. A little bitty town. His father, too, was married twice. There were two sets of children. The first set of children did not get along with the second set of children. I don't have to tell you that story. It goes on forever. They didn't speak to each other for years. In fact, when his sister found out that he had taken me to Atlanta to meet their nephew, who was older than they were, she got furious. How dare . . . that her brother would take her child and me to meet that no-count son? Daddy said, \"That's your relative. That's your father's child.\" [She said,] \"I don't care. He's not related to me.\" It's like every family in the world. You've just got that kind of stuff. We all got along very well. We had a beautiful relationship. The temple congregation grew. My grandfather was one of the founding members of the congregation, along with Frances Weintraub's relatives and a lot of other people. It just grew and grew. Now, it's shrinking.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=142.0,255.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/transcript/72630/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: What were your parents’ names? You said your grandfather's parents, but now your parents?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=255.0,260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/transcript/72630/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"COHEN: My parents. My father was Edward J. Davis, and my mother was Sarah Maureen Gortatowsky, better known as “Sadie.” In fact, she was buried as Sadie. Nobody even knew that her name was Sarah Maureen.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=260.0,277.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/transcript/72630/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Your family has been here since before the War Between the States?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=277.0,281.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/transcript/72630/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"COHEN: Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=281.0,282.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/transcript/72630/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Your grandfather, you mentioned earlier, fought for the Confederacy?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=282.0,287.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/transcript/72630/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"COHEN: Yes, he did.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=287.0,288.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/transcript/72630/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Can you tell me a little bit about that?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=288.0,289.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/transcript/72630/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"COHEN: Yes. He was very happy that he was in the Confederacy. He was very happy that he worked his way back down South. He was . . . It was cold and it was raining. They were hungry and they were wet. My good little Jewish grandfather said, \"I'm somehow going to get us some food to cook.\" He said, \"We're starving to death. We're just going to starve.\" He was gone for a couple hours. He came back very pleased with himself. [He] had this little . . . There was a black soldier there with him, too. They were carrying this hog. Not a pig, but a hog, which is bigger than a pig. It was dead, they had killed it. They were so proud of themselves. They built themselves a barbecue pit, and they barbecued this hog. They had a wonderful time just sitting there pulling pork . . . The captain came over, he had been over in another field. He said, \"I smelled something over here.\" He says, \"What have y'all done?\" My papa says, \"We haven't done anything, we're just eating.\" By that time, there really wasn't anything left of that poor old hog. The captain was very disturbed that [my grandfather] had stolen this hog from the farmer. Papa told him, \"We still got a leg there. Why don't you have some of it?\" He, too, was Jewish. I don't know where he was from, but he was Jewish. He picked up that leg and he ate it like they did back in the old days. He said, \"Now you can't report us to the farmer because you're just as guilty as we are.\" They got away with stealing the pig.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=289.0,390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/transcript/72630/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Do you have any more anecdotes or stories from the time he served in the Confederacy? What rank was he; do you know?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=390.0,397.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/transcript/72630/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"COHEN: I think he was a lieutenant. I don't have any papers at all. I just know that when he came back after the war, there was a man here by the name of Mr. Brown. Papa had a little bit of property and had grown cotton. The Yankees took whatever they could. This man had gone into Papa's field and had harvested his cotton, and he had packed it in his barn behind some stuff. He still had that bale—you have to understand that a bale of cotton is about as long as my entry hall there—for Papa. At that time, he got a fortune for it. He was able to buy some more property and build a home in what is now Pretoria, [Georgia]. That's where they lived until, I think, the seventh or eighth child was born. Grandmother got sick. She had to move into town. Papa built the house in town with no closets.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=397.0,468.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/transcript/72630/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Did you ever ask why?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=468.0,470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/transcript/72630/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"COHEN: He didn't know any better. They didn't have what you call an architect or anything. He found a picture of a house he liked. He told them how many bedrooms he wanted. It had a bathroom downstairs [next] to the one bedroom that was downstairs. They had to cut off some footage from . . . two of the bedrooms upstairs to make a bathroom upstairs for the other three bedrooms. There were no closets. When he brought grandmother in to see the house, she just pulled the old-fashioned fainting spell and all. That there were no closets, where were they going to hang their clothes? He had the carpenter come in. They just closed off corners, where you could get five hangers in. That's what they had. When Mama and Daddy came to live back in the old homestead, Daddy bought what they call piano boxes, which were huge. He stacked and nailed them together and nailed them to the wall. That became the closets in our bedrooms. The funniest story is that we had an upstairs [and] downstairs. We had a closet that came from the master entry hall under the stairwell. It made a left turn and came out into my two uncle's bedrooms on the left. If you made a right turn, it went around under the stairwell. We used to say all the time that there were still soldiers hiding back there because we were scared to go in there. We would never go in that closet. We said it's because there are people hiding in there, that's where y'all hid the soldiers. When everybody started dying, we cleaned it out and we did find some uniforms. They were rotten, there were no bodies in them. They just never talked about it. Those are things that I would have loved to have. One of the rabbis that we had here interviewed my mother and put it on tape. He sent me the tape and a friend of mine wanted to copy it. When he copied it, he forgot and erased mine. I don't have any of that anymore. Now, he's dead and nobody knows where his tape is. The rabbi died, so he doesn't have his tape. I've lost all of that. It was funny. I also will tell you that my Aunt Tessie used to sell The Albany Herald. She'd go around to everybody selling The Albany Herald. She sold the most subscriptions. She won the first Ford that was in Albany, Georgia.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=470.0,632.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/transcript/72630/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: That's great. I want to talk a little bit about your own childhood.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=632.0,637.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/transcript/72630/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"COHEN: Okay.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=637.0,641.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/transcript/72630/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Where did you go to school and what was your neighborhood like?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=641.0,644.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/transcript/72630/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"COHEN: We lived on what was then Commerce Street. Oglethorpe it is now. It's Commerce Street. The neighborhood was wonderful. It was mostly Jewish people on the several blocks of Oglethorpe around there. It was great. I think there were three of us . . . three or four Jewish children in school. There weren't that many of us back then. It was just a good time. Nobody was antisemitic. Nobody downed us or anything like that. We had one family that was, that would pick on me all the time. The one son and . . . that was okay. I just ignored him. I figured he wasn't worth fighting with. He didn't . . . His family didn't like the Jewish people because they said we made all the money in town. I said, \"If y'all get out working, you'd make money too. We work for our money, we don't beg.\" It was a good time, going to Sabbath school in the old temple. You go downstairs to the Sabbath School rooms and upstairs to where we would have our services. The tornado destroyed that temple completely. We met everywhere. We met in homes, we met in the Elks [Lodge] Club, wherever we could. The different churches would open to us, let us have our services there and confirmations. It was a real good time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=644.0,740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/transcript/72630/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: What do you remember about Rabbi [Edmund A.] Landau?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=740.0,743.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/transcript/72630/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"COHEN: I will tell you that Rabbi Landau could be the sweetest man in the whole world, really and truly. But he could also be the sternest, meanest man in the world. I will never forget our confirmation training. We were to be . . . We didn't have the temple, so we would have to be at his house at 6:00. Not one minute until six, not one minute after six, 6:00. We had to know a proverb, we had to know a psalm, [and] we had to know the Ten Commandments, the long and short way. We had to know everything. He met . . . When we were confirmed, we were going to be Jewish. That was all there was to it. When our temple was finished, we were able to go and be confirmed there. We had rehearsals there. He would stand . . . This went on for two or three years. We walked a straight line with him. He had a certain way he wanted it done. He meant it was going to be that way, and it was. We had beautiful confirmations. He'd stand back there and say, \"Talk to the back door. Don't look at the people. Talk to the back door. That way, everybody will hear you, and you won't get nervous.\" If anybody dropped their voice, oh, wow. \"You're not talking to the back door.\" He would stand back there. He was a wonderful teacher. He did try to start teaching Hebrew. We had some people who did not want Hebrew taught to all of us. Just like we had some people who didn't want a lot of Hebrew used in our services, which I never could understand because that's part of being Jewish. Even though I grew up here, [I] knew that it was wrong. My mother and Daddy thought the same thing. Everybody said, \"You always professed to be such a good Jew, but yet y'all always had a Christmas tree.\" I said, \"Just one minute,\" I said, \"that Christmas tree was always the biggest one in Albany. It was in the downstairs parlor. I had Hanukkah candles upstairs.\" We celebrated Hanukkah, but my aunt and my uncles—my uncles were not married, my aunt was a divorcee, she had married the son of a Baptist minister—when [my aunt's] children were home, they celebrated. There wasn't anything wrong with it, they celebrated Christmas. I had Christmas presents under there, too, from them. We celebrated Hanukkah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=743.0,903.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/transcript/72630/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Do you remember, was [Rabbi Landau] a good sermonizer?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=903.0,907.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/transcript/72630/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"COHEN: Yes. I don't remember falling asleep during his sermons. I don't [know] . . . whether he would look out and see somebody dozing, that he would raise his voice or what it was. They were always interesting. They were something to do with Judaism or something maybe that would tie in with something that had happened that week. He was fairly good, as best as I can remember.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=907.0,931.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/transcript/72630/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Did he . . . or did the congregation get involved with any kind of community politics?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=931.0,938.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/transcript/72630/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"COHEN: No. The members of the congregation did, but he didn't, no. He did not.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=938.0,945.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/transcript/72630/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Did you go to public school?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=945.0,946.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/transcript/72630/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"COHEN: Yes, I went to public school here. I graduated from Albany High School. When I was 17 years old, [I] went up to St. Louis, [Missouri] to Washington University. I will tell you, I had the time of my life. I made just enough good grades to stay there that year. Then, my daddy said I had to come home. I went to Florida State [University], which at that time was Florida State College for Women. I was at Florida State the first year of the first football team. We all picketed the dean to make [the school coeducational]. My suitemate came running down where I was picketing and said, \"Your dad is on the phone.\" I went back to the dorm, and I said, \"Yes, Daddy, what can I do for you?\" He said, \"We just heard on the radio that all you kids down there are picketing the dean to make it coed.\" I said, \"Oh, really?\" He said, \"Yes, and I just want you to know that if you're in that picket line picketing the dean for women down there, you have just been cut off. Pack your suitcase and come home.\" I said, \"Daddy, you know I wouldn't do anything like that.\" I went down and I picked up my picket thing, nobody was taking any pictures. I got back in line, and I just went right along with it. I don't think he knew until the day he died that I went back to that picket line. We got it made coed, and we had the first circus. FSU has this fabulous circus. We were there for the first rehearsal of that. We used to go over there and watch them all the time. You could go in and do anything you wanted to there. There were a lot of firsts in my college life.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=946.0,1044.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/transcript/72630/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Socially, did you associate [with] mostly Jewish friends from the temple or were you friends just with . . . ?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=1044.0,1054.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/transcript/72630/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"COHEN: My friends mostly were from the different religions in town. We had a Catholic, a Presbyterian, a Baptist or a Methodist . . . and one that wasn't sure what she was, and me. We took turns. They'd come to temple with me, and then my little Catholic friend would go to confession. At that time, they weren't allowed to go to another church. She would go to confession that she had gone to temple with me. I would go everywhere with them. The one time I went with my little Baptist girlfriend, we all went together and sat together. I got sent to hell four different times while we were sitting there. Evelyn says, \"Get up, we're leaving.\" We all got up and walked out of church. I never went back to that church again. She never wanted me to go back to church with her. She said she had no idea that her preacher . . . She never paid attention to it until she was sitting there with a Jewish friend, and he was sending us all to hell. I never went back. She never asked me to. I, no . . . My association . . . I had Jewish friends. I had two: Francis Stern—who’s a year younger than I am—and her cousin, Pauline Marx, who now lives in California. She was a year older. There were a couple of boys I didn't like them. They just were not my kind of guys. Until my husband moved to Albany when he was 13.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=1054.0,1149.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/transcript/72630/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Did you date before you married your husband? Did you date both Jewish and non-Jewish boys?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=1149.0,1155.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/transcript/72630/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"COHEN: Yes, I did. Most of the time in St. Louis I dated Jewish boys. I must say that they were gentlemen, and we had a wonderful time. At that particular time, I was still corresponding with [Norman P. “Buddy” Cohen]. He was in Iceland, and I had no serious intentions towards anybody else. I told my mother, when I was 13 [and] Buddy was 16, that I was going to marry him. She said, \"You'll have 100 boyfriends by then.\" I said, \"I may; I may be engaged five or six times and have five or six engagement rings, but I'm going to marry him.\" When Buddy came and asked my daddy if he could marry me, my mother's mouth dropped open. She didn't believe it. That's how long that association was. It was all because of his mother.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=1155.0,1205.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/transcript/72630/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: How's that?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=1205.0,1206.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/transcript/72630/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"COHEN: She came to see me because I had sprained my ankle. Buddy was in Iceland, and she was talking about how lonesome he was. He would love to get mail. Would I please write to him? Well, that's all I needed to hear. I started writing two or three letters a week. Actually, our romance grew through the letters that we wrote back and forth to each other from Iceland.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=1206.0,1229.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/transcript/72630/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: That's a wonderful story. He was with the [United States Armed Forces]?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=1229.0,1234.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/transcript/72630/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"COHEN: Yes, he was in the service. He came back to Albany, and everything was great. He said that he wanted to sow his wild oats, and he'd been penned up in the army for so long that he wanted to just go and do and date and party. I said, \"Go ahead.\" I had his senior ring, so I didn't care. I said, \"Go ahead and do whatever you want to do now. I don't want to get married then have you sow your wild oats.\" He dated my best friend who was working in Washington at the time. They used to call me and tell me what a wonderful time they were having. I would put a hex on them all the time. When he came back, he had sowed his wild oats and that was the end of that. The rest was history.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=1234.0,1280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/transcript/72630/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: What's Buddy's real name?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=1280.0,1282.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/transcript/72630/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"COHEN: Norman Phillip Cohen.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=1282.0,1284.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/transcript/72630/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Why did they move to Albany?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=1284.0,1286.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/transcript/72630/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"COHEN: They moved from Atlanta to Tallahassee, [Florida] because my father-in-law was offered a job down there with a guy who had a shoe store. They got disenchanted with Tallahassee for some reason. Buddy was studying to be bar mitzvahed. [His] dad got an offer of a job up here with Mr. Persaint, who is . . . You know Oscar and Florence? It was Oscar's father's business. [He got an offer] to come up and run the store for him, so they moved to Albany. Buddy never got bar mitzvahed because we didn't have bar mitzvahs in Albany until much later on. When he moved to Albany, that was all she wrote. I didn't care about anybody else.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=1286.0,1334.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/transcript/72630/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: In general, how would you say the Jewish community has been accepted or a part of the Albany mainstream community?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=1334.0,1342.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/transcript/72630/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"COHEN: I would say that we have been very well accepted, up until the last few years. Our congregation has fallen off so much. We've gone from 200 families down to 75 to 80 families. What's happening is that the kids, when they graduate and go away to school, they're not coming back to Albany. We've got a lot of unaffiliated people here in Albany. There is a feeling of . . . I don't want to say really antisemitism, but I think there's some resentment of Jewish people today for some reason. Universally, I don't say that it's just in Albany. I never have any problem with it, I really don't. My children have not had any problems with it. I don't feel as comfortable as I used to.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=1342.0,1400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/transcript/72630/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Why?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=1400.0,1402.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/transcript/72630/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"COHEN: I just feel like there's an undercurrent somewhere running around. I think that we need to get more involved in the community than we are now. As far as the [temple] Sisterhood and the Benevolent . . . are concerned, yes, we are involved. We do things. We adopt a family during the holiday season and then we give them food and Christmas presents and different things like that. Then on their . . . We keep them for a year . . . and then their birthdays. We do that. Constantly going . . . If there's a burned-out family, doing things like that, helping out. We are doing that in the community. Benevolent does give their birthday check to a local charity every year, which is about $130. Every year we give them whatever our birthday [check] is, that's the amount we donate to them. I'm on the board of Albany Advocacy here . . . It used to be the Retarded Citizens, but it's not called that anymore. I'm on that and very happy with it. A lot of my work is through that . . . I do it for the congregation. I have a turkey drive every year. I send out a turkey letter to give $10 or more to those less fortunate than you. When I . . . I give them a certain date, and by that date, whatever monies I have collected, we pick a grocery store, and we will give them those certificates. I take it to the Lord's Pantry. They distribute it to all of these people. Which'll break your heart, if you go down there and see it, it's awful. This year we gave . . . I raised $2,300, which I thought was . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=1402.0,1511.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/transcript/72630/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: That's great.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=1511.0,1512.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/transcript/72630/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"COHEN: That was the greatest that I had done. I was real happy about that. I will continue to do that as long as the good Lord will let me, because I just enjoy it. I've been down there, and I've met everybody with the Lord's Pantry. I wish there was a Jewish organization that did the same thing for the community, not just for Jewish [people], but there isn't. The Lord's Pantry . . . For the first three years they wrote me beautiful thank you letters in the name of Jesus Christ. I didn't say anything. That's their thing. That was fine. When I met the guy who's in charge of it and the man who always comes over and picks up the coupons from me, he had a little talk with them. They wrote me a gorgeous letter this year and it was not in Jesus' name. I felt better about that. I told them, \"Don't write it to me, write it to the congregation. I'm only the vessel, I don't want the credit. I'm just collecting it for y'all.\" He said, \"No.\" He said, \"We just feel that had you not taken it over, it wouldn't have been done.\" It wouldn't. It would not have been done.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=1512.0,1593.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/transcript/72630/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Do you feel that there's a lot of the congregants that aren't that active anymore . . . ?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=1593.0,1600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/transcript/72630/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"COHEN: Yes, I do. We're having a very difficult time, mostly with the younger people. It's the people my age, I would say 55 and up, that are really taking over and doing most of the work, most of the volunteering. We're having a very difficult time of getting the younger people involved. I don't know what to do about it, I really don't.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=1600.0,1620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/transcript/72630/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Do you have any thoughts about why?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=1620.0,1622.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/transcript/72630/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"COHEN: We have asked them why. The churches have so much for young people. They have such big congregations and big . . . a lot of young people programs. We don't have that many young people, if you want to call it that. Like our Youth Group fell through. It's now . . . This is the first year in about four years that the Youth Group has been active, that we've had enough of that age that we can get them active. Our new advisor is contacting Tallahassee and Dothan, [Alabama] to get these children with other Jewish kids in the community. My grandsons . . . I will tell you this. Marty, who is my oldest grandson, went to [URJ] Camp Coleman. He has got friends from California to Florida to Michigan, Wisconsin, you name it. They talk at least once a week. They are still friends. Michael, who went to camp—that’s Debbie's youngest son—he talks about it all the time. They just came back from camp renewed spirits. We were thrilled with that. In fact, Michael went on the tour, the March of the Living. When he came back, he gave a presentation to the congregation. There wasn't a dry eye in the whole congregation when he got through. His pictures were very explicit of everything that he saw, and his talk was wonderful. He's beginning to get a little disenchanted right now with the congregation. There's too much infighting. There's too much negativity for some reason with it. Let's face it, I don't want this really for publication. We have a rabbi. He's a writer. He's an author. He should be in a college, that's where he . . . He's not a pulpit rabbi. He's a very nice person, he really is. I'm very fond of him, but he leaves a lot to be desired as a pulpit rabbi or a rabbi who can go into a house of mourning and really bring you comfort. He doesn't know how to do that. His mother died when he was 13. He didn't get along with his stepmother and all this kind of stuff. He really hasn't had anybody who can teach him the things that you do. Right now, he's in Jamaica. He's been down there ten days. He went on a conference, so he just took a few extra days to go scuba diving.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=1622.0,1789.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/transcript/72630/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: I want to talk a little bit about the relationship between the Jewish community and the African American community. Did you have domestic help that you had a relationship with growing up?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=1789.0,1806.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/transcript/72630/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"COHEN: Oh, yes. In fact, when I was a baby . . . Well, when my sister . . . She [had] cerebral palsy, so mother had to have help. Kitty was the maid in the house. She was the head honcho in the house. She had a daughter named Liza [Wawa]. She gave Liza to my mother when she was around 13 years old, to help take care of my sister. Ten years later, when I was born, Liza became Wawa and was taking care of me. You did not touch me unless Wawa said it was all right. When I started getting in trouble, my father could not spank me because she'd take me and run away. She'd run down the street with me. I would go down to her house when she had to stop working. I would go to get on my bicycle, and I would go down to her house and eat dinner . . . You could walk in her house, and you could slide on her floor, you wouldn't get a piece of dust on you. She just was a wonderful person. It was a very good relationship. I had a good relationship with her children, who were much older than I was. One of them worked for my uncles at the theatre. My mother and daddy forgot to pick me up, that was my babysitter. They'd take me to the theatre if they were going to play bridge, and then they'd come back and pick me up. Well, they forgot to pick me up one night, so I decided to walk home. It was late. It was dark. We didn't have all these streetlights and everything. I knew that somebody was following me, and I was scared to death. What did I do? I went and got in the middle of the street. I figured it's better to be in the middle of the street than over here on the dark sidewalk when I hear this voice say, \"Little Missy, get back up on that sidewalk. I was following you to get you home.\" It was Shevain. It was Wawa's son. Believe it or not, he was a graduate engineer, graduated from a school in Chicago, [Illinois]. He came back to Albany to take care of his mother and his sisters and could not get a job as an engineer. He got a job as a janitor at the theatres that my uncle owned. He followed me home and then he told my daddy he ought to be ashamed of himself. Daddy said, \"I thought she was upstairs asleep.\" I said, \"Daddy, you took me to the theatre.\" [He said] \"Oh.\" My daddy didn't drink. I just want you to know that. My mother was just beside herself, that she had forgotten me. No, we had a beautiful relationship with the people in the house, that worked in the house. I could never understand why the maids had to go outside and use the bathroom out in the garage. I never could understand that stuff, even growing up. Why? Why did they have to go out and use . . . There was a bathroom off the side of the garage, and that was for them to use. They couldn't use the bathroom in the house.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=1806.0,1986.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/transcript/72630/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Did you ever discuss that with your parents?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=1986.0,1988.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/transcript/72630/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"COHEN: Yes, my mother said, \"After all,\" said, \"Aunt Florence runs the house, and those are the rules. When your grandmother was alive, that's the way it was.\" I said, \"But my grandmother's not alive, and you're in this house, this [is] just as much your house as it is Aunt Florence's.\" [She said,] \"She has the last word.\" I thought, okay. Like I said, I loved her, I didn't like her. She was that way. They had to stay their place in the kitchen, too. We always got along with them. Her youngest . . . My aunt's youngest daughter and I used to pick up our plates and go out in the kitchen and eat because eating right out of the pot was a lot more fun than eating at the table with them. We had a good relationship. Everybody who had a maid had a good relationship. Nobody mistreated the blacks. They really didn't.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=1988.0,2042.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/transcript/72630/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: When the, what they call now the Albany Movement, started did the relationship change at all?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=2042.0,2052.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/transcript/72630/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"COHEN: Fear made it change. We were . . . It's like the woman that worked for us in the store when all of this started. Sometimes, on Saturday night when I would leave, I would go walk over to the grocery store, which was a block, a block and a half away. Willie would come with me because she didn't want me walking by myself around the corner and to the grocery store. Buddy would pick me up with the groceries and we'd take Willie home. She would never walk with me. She would walk behind me. I would stop and I'd say, \"What? What's with you, that you can't come up here and walk with me?\" She says, \"No, ma'am, it's too dangerous.\" She says, \"It's not dangerous for me, it's dangerous for you.\" I said, \"Why?\" She said, \"Don't you know what's going on here?\" I said, \"I don't pay any attention to that stuff.\" I said, \"Good Lord, we've been together, what, 10, 15, 20 years? Now you can't walk the sidewalk with me?\" [She said,] \"No, I'm not going to. I'll walk behind you, just keep on going.\" She wouldn't. During that time, we had a big . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=2052.0,2118.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/transcript/72630/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: I don't understand why it would have been dangerous for you. Because of the marching that was going . . . ?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=2118.0,2122.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/transcript/72630/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"COHEN: Yes, because I would be in sympathy with the blacks by letting her walk with me, trying to make her an equal to me, so it would be dangerous for me! Even in business. We had our store backed up to the alley across the street from [Sears, Roebuck \u0026 Company] and our black customers would come to the back door, ring the doorbell, come into our warehouse in the back, and we would take shoes back there for them to try on. There were pictures of them going into white merchant's stores on the bulletin boards in the churches, so that they would be ostracized for shopping with the white folks. That was going on, and then there was one episode downtown. The drugstore was across the street, and I happened to notice that the TV people or radio people were over there. Some of them were not from Albany, Georgia. There were maybe three or four blacks trying to go into Crowe's Drugstore. They were going to the lunch counter, and they were going to eat in there. They wouldn't let them. They locked the door. All you saw on the television were feet . . . were these four blacks sitting on the sidewalk and all these feet around them. The only feet that were there were the cameramen, the reporters, and the police. There was no mob. My uncle, who was the head of Hearst Publications [Communications], called down that night and wanted to know what was going on in Albany, Georgia. It was reported that there was blood running in the gutter. I said, \"I don't know who your reporters are.\" I said, \"But Uncle Ike, I stood right outside my store and watched the whole thing.\" I said, \"All those feet that you saw,\" I told him who they were. I said \"There were no . . . No one was beaten, no one was dragged off in handcuffs. There was no blood running in the gutters. Do not print that in y'all's papers because it is not true.\" He said, \"It came from a good source.\" I said, \"They were in another country, because it wasn't in Albany, Georgia.\" He was floored that that could have gotten . . . I said, \"That's what y'all do. Y'all blow it out of proportion.\" That's really what happened here in Albany, Georgia.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=2122.0,2275.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/transcript/72630/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Well, they consider that . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=2275.0,2278.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/transcript/72630/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"COHEN: . . . I should have taken it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=2278.0,2280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/transcript/72630/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: When the tape ended, we were talking about the Albany Movement. I was just wondering why they consider . . . What is your take on why they consider the movement to have been a failure?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=2280.0,2293.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/transcript/72630/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"COHEN: They didn't get anywhere with it. [Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.] was arrested, his wife was arrested here. A lot of the blacks did not really participate. They did not. It was blacks from other places and whites from other places that came down to sort of drive things through. I think there had always been such a good relationship between the blacks and whites in Albany, that it just didn't take off.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=2293.0,2322.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/transcript/72630/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Did any of your members of the congregation or anybody that you knew, were they supportive of what was going on, or were you afraid of what was going on?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=2322.0,2333.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/transcript/72630/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"COHEN: Both. We were . . . We supported what was going on, because we said it was . . . We had always said that it was fair, that they could come in our stores and shop. We could take their money, they could raise our children, they could work in our homes, they could fix our food. But they couldn't sit at a table in a restaurant with us, was not right. As far as . . . They should have an equal chance at school. We all felt that way. They should have an equal chance at school, whether it be an integrated school or an all-black school, whatever it was. I think that the people in Albany were more for fairness than they were for, what we would call integration fighting, infighting. That was funny, one time . . . There's one story that we had a black lawyer here. He was very fine, and he had an argument with one of the white lawyers, and he hit him with his walking cane. When he did, the town, it was like someone took a vacuum cleaner and went . . . Sucked up all the people. They left because they knew that this white judge was really anti-black, and that he was going to kill him. There was going to be a riot in Albany. They kept saying, \"There's going to be a riot because he's going to get this thing going.\" Nothing ever happened, but everybody got scared and went home. They locked up their stores and went home. We didn't know what was going to happen. Buddy and I were stupid, we stayed down at the store and worked.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=2333.0,2432.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/transcript/72630/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Did you know anybody that was in any of . . . Were there any White Citizens’ Councils here or [Ku Klux Klan] activities?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=2432.0,2441.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/transcript/72630/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"COHEN: Oh, yes. We had Klan activity here when I was a little girl! When I was a teenager, I used to go out with my daddy. He'd get a call late at night—he was with the Georgia State Patrol as an assistant—that there was a Klan meeting. We went out one night to the woods. Daddy told me, he says, \"You sit on the floorboard and don't even stick your head up.\" You know me, I'm . . . shoot. I was going to see that thing. When they lit that cross, I did get down on the floorboard. That was the eeriest thing I have ever seen in my whole life, and I hope I never see another one. They did break it up. Then, we had a Klan march. It was passed, the day before, that they could not wear their hoods. These people didn't want people to know who was in the Klan. My mouth dropped when I recognized so many of those white men. Some of them were police. One of them was the police chief. I was standing there with my little black Wawa. She says, \"We got to go home.\" I said, \"Not yet, not yet. I'm not leaving. I'm not scared of them.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=2441.0,2517.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/transcript/72630/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Do you think that was pretty much the end of the Klan, when they had to unmask?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=2517.0,2522.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/transcript/72630/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"COHEN: Oh, definitely. They weren't willing to give in for people to know. You didn't know. The neighbors didn't know who were Klan members. When the Klan first started, though, it was a good thing. It was for good reasons. It's like the unions. When the union first started, it was for good reasons; when the Klan started, it was for good reasons. It just got into the wrong hands and grew the wrong way.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=2522.0,2553.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/transcript/72630/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: What are some of your fondest memories of growing up in a small southern community?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=2553.0,2559.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/transcript/72630/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"COHEN: Friendship. The closeness that we had to everybody. Being from the South, everybody was either a cousin or an aunt or an uncle, even though they weren't related to you. It was . . . Everybody knew everybody. It was great. Nobody could get in any trouble because around every corner was somebody you knew who was going to call your mother or your daddy and tell on you. We just always had a good time. There was no drinking. There was nothing like that. We had parties that we danced in the front yard and had watermelon cuttings. We had a good time growing up. It was good. It was healthy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=2559.0,2604.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/transcript/72630/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: You and Buddy owned a shoe store? Is that what you did?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=2604.0,2609.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/transcript/72630/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"COHEN: Yes. We opened . . . Our first shoe store we opened when we had only been married maybe three months; we moved to Tifton, [Georgia] and opened a store. We had partners, which was a bad mistake, but we were young. We didn't know any different, had a partner. As it turned out, we sold out to our partners, and we came back to Albany. [We] left them with the store, which they eventually lost. We came back to Albany and opened up a couple of little shoe departments that were doing very well. Then, we heard about Cancellation Shoes, so we went to Atlanta. We talked to this gentleman who had a [Cancellation] Shoe store in Atlanta to find out the inner workings, exactly what it was. Buddy took a chance. He went to St. Louis, and he had exactly $5,000 that he had borrowed from the bank. He went up there to see how many shoes he could get for $5,000. This one company wanted the whole $5,000. Buddy said, \"I don't think so. I'm not putting all my eggs in one basket.\" He went from one shoe company to another. He made friends. Buddy was the kind of person who could walk in and right away you were his friend. He was that kind of person. He met these two gentlemen [from] different shoe companies who worked out a plan for him. They told him that they would ship him X number of shoes and . . . not to give them a check . . . As he sold the shoes, it would be almost like a consignment thing. Then, he could start paying his bills off. When he got home, we had to find a place to put those shoes, because we didn't have a location. We did, we found this little, small store. We were very excited. We had toe-rail racks in there. We didn't have metal racks. We’d make do. We got it all put together. We did it all ourselves. He got in with another partner and they came down and helped stock the racks. They didn't want to work in the store, they just wanted to collect money, so we got rid of them. It was just Buddy and me. When the store opened, I thought, \"Oh God, we're going to lose this. There's not a soul here. Why isn't somebody in here buying these gorgeous shoes for this little bit of money?\" They were beautiful! [At] about 1:00 is when the people finally began to stop and look in. From that day on, it grew. Cancellation Shoes, at that time, was what it was. Where a store would order X number of shoes, and then they would cancel the order. Then, these Cancellation wholesalers bought them for next to nothing. Then, we would get them. The store down the street would have them at regular price, where we would have them at half-price. We really had it going then. We got to where we could even pick out all the colors and designers and things like that. Just change the name, the label in the shoe, which would be . . . the same shoe with a different label on it. It grew from there. We've gone from there. We had . . . five stores at one time. We opened a store in Tifton, which was a terrible mistake. The mall in Tifton. We left it and said goodbye. We never did that again. We moved a couple of times here in Albany. We're out on Dawson Road. When Buddy got sick, we gave the store to our daughter and son-in-law. We had to give the other girls stock to make up for it, which was fine. He just didn't want to be bothered with doing it anymore. I kept on working, but he was on dialysis. The three days a week that he went to dialysis, I worked at the store. Bobby and David took it over. He came in one day, and he says, \"Mom,\" he says, \"we're going to lose the store.\" I said, \"No, you're not.\" He said, \"Business is terrible\" he said, \"I don't know what we're going to do.\" He said, \"We're going to lose the store, and I hate it because y'all have worked so hard.\" I said, \"Bob, you're not going to lose the store. It's going to turn around. Don't worry about it. It's going to turn around.\" Bob's middle son came in one day and said, \"Dad, I've got a wonderful idea.\" Bob said, \"I'm open for anything.\" I was sitting there, beaming, because I figured the younger folks would come up with something. He said, \"We're going to start selling work shoes.\" Bob says, \"What do you mean, we're going to sell work shoes?\" He said, \"We're going to go out to Miller Brewery. We're going out at the [Marine Corps Logistics Base Albany]. We're going out to Procter \u0026 Gamble. We're going to find out what kind of work shoes these people want. We're going to start selling work shoes and work out a program.\" Bob says, \"Go have at it.\" It has grown. We have two trucks. We go out of town, we go all the way down to Pensacola, [Florida]. We go further than Pensacola, we go to Mobile, [Alabama], we go to North Carolina, North Georgia, all over Florida with those trucks, selling to big companies. One night, one day we were out on the back stoop at the store. Jason walked out and Bob said, \"Son, I want to tell you one thing.\" Jason says, \"What, Dad? What have I done wrong?\" He said, \"You haven't done anything wrong; I just want to thank you for killing me.\" He says, \"Because this new business of yours is about to kill your mother and me.\" You can't hire somebody who is going to drive a truck and sell the shoes the way they sell them, with the personality and all. To cut up with these people and not get upset with them. They're having to go out on the truck, too. Just like Thursday, now we got a store in the mall selling work shoes and work clothes. We're also into work clothes, by the way. All of this is because of the grandsons.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=2609.0,2982.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/transcript/72630/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: What was the name of your store?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=2982.0,2984.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/transcript/72630/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"COHEN: \"The Shoe Box.\" Yes . . . First, we had the JoEllen Shop, that was named for Marsha Jo and Deborah Ellen. Then we had the Kaye Shop, which was a dress shop. We had a shoe department in there. Then we went into the Cancellation business, which was the best thing we ever did because we really made a good living then.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=2984.0,3007.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/transcript/72630/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: That's wonderful.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=3007.0,3011.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/transcript/72630/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"COHEN: Yes, the business has grown. We got trucks all over the highway . . . Jason got pulled over one day by the State Patrol. He said, \"What did I do wrong?\" He said, \"I'm in the speed limit. What did I . . . ?\" [The police] says, \"I wanted to know if you'd open the truck and let me see if I can get a pair of shoes.\" He says, \"No, sir.\" He says, \"Not even for you will I open my truck on the highway.\" Yes, that's weird.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=3011.0,3035.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/transcript/72630/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: I have a question that I remembered, we spoke about when I was here all those years ago. Right before World War II, a couple of German boys came to live in Albany. Jerry . . . ?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=3035.0,3050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/transcript/72630/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"COHEN: [Jerry,] and Gary, and Werner Lenz. L - E - N - Z.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=3050.0,3054.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/transcript/72630/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Can you tell me anything about them?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=3054.0,3056.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/transcript/72630/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"COHEN: I sure can. Gary Lenz is an Episcopal priest in Atlanta, Georgia.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=3056.0,3061.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/transcript/72630/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: I've met him.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=3061.0,3062.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/transcript/72630/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"COHEN: Yes, so has my son-in-law who's married to my oldest daughter, Marsha. He has met him, too. I said, \"You should tell him who your mother-in-law is.\" When they came over here, I used to go down there and help teach them English.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=3062.0,3078.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/transcript/72630/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Why do you think they . . . Do you have any idea why they turned their backs on Judaism?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=3078.0,3084.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/transcript/72630/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"COHEN: No. I don't know where Werner is. He may be in Atlanta, too . . . Mr. and Mrs. Lenz, their mother and father were two of the nicest people. They were just great. The group of people here in Albany that brought them over—rescued them, really—from Germany took up a lot of time and spent a lot of money educating them and teaching them English and teaching them the ways and helping them to become American citizens. When Gary went away to school . . . Gary and Werner both went away to school. They settled in Atlanta and moved their mother and father to Atlanta. It was sad because Gary said they had to change their religion if they wanted to see their grandchildren. That's something that I never understood coming from where they came. To defend their religion and to get away where they could enjoy their religion and embrace their religion, and then come over here and change that drastically. To become an Episcopal priest and tell his parents that you've got to change your . . . Why they changed their religion, I don't know. I have not been in contact with them. I don't know anybody who even knows them anymore.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=3084.0,3167.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/transcript/72630/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Who did they live with when they came? What family?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=3167.0,3170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/transcript/72630/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"COHEN: The Koppels, Mr. and Mrs. Leo Koppel.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=3170.0,3173.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/transcript/72630/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Were they related?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=3173.0,3174.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/transcript/72630/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"COHEN: No.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=3174.0,3175.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/transcript/72630/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: They just got placed there?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=3175.0,3176.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/transcript/72630/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"COHEN: No, they just found out that these children needed to get out. They got together with a bunch of Albanians, and they got up the money and the papers signed, and they brought them to this country. We were all Jewish people who helped them, and here they gave up their religion. I don't understand it. I don't understand how somebody can go through all of that and do that. I've got two daughters who married outside of their religion. My oldest grandson married a Catholic girl. They're raising their children Jewish . . . I don't know what Turner is going to turn out to be . . . his little boy. But, hey, he's my great-grandson. I don't care what he is. He is still going to be my great-grandson. They don't keep him from me. I don't know what Michael's little girl is going to be when she grows up, but as long as they've got something to believe, they'll always be my grandchildren and great-grandchildren. I can't answer your question, because I have no idea how anybody can do that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=3176.0,3245.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/transcript/72630/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Going back to the store again, did you have any favorite customers or some anecdotes about some of the customers that used to come to buy shoes?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=3245.0,3255.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/transcript/72630/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"COHEN: Yes, we had customers that came down from Atlanta. They would come down and leave Albany with like $200 or $300 worth of shoes in the trunk of their car. These women would come down and shop with us from Columbus, [Georgia] and different places. Our black customers were the funniest of all. They absolutely worshipped the ground we walked on because we had shoes that they could wear at prices that they could pay, and they could be in style. The funniest stories of all are not really nice stories. It's like the white lady that came in. She had bought some loafers for her daughter. Her daughter took them home and she wore them, and they hurt her feet. She brought them back and wanted a refund. Buddy told them . . . [He] turned them over and they were all scarred on the bottom. [He] said, \"I'm sorry,\" he said, \"but you've worn the shoes. We can't give you a refund on worn merchandise.\" She said, \"But they hurt her feet.\" He said, \"Didn't she try them on in the store?\" She said, \"No, I bought them and took them home to her. She wore them last night to the football game.\" Buddy said, \"I'm sorry, but I can't give you a refund.\" She takes the shoes, and she throws them across the counter at Buddy and says, \"Shove them up your ass.\" She goes to walk out, and Buddy ran to the front door and opened the door to the store for her. As she's walking out, he says, \"You know, that wasn't very nice.\" She just spit at him and left. She never came back in the store. Which was okay.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=3255.0,3349.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/transcript/72630/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Did you offer credit?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=3349.0,3351.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/transcript/72630/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"COHEN: When? Not for something like that, no.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=3351.0,3353.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/transcript/72630/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: No, no. Did you, for customers . . . Could people buy on credit?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=3353.0,3358.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/transcript/72630/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"COHEN: Yes, we did that for a while. We had a charge account for a while. I hate to say this, but our worst customers were lawyer's wives and doctor's wives. They were our worst customers. We would charge them, and it would be . . . Sometimes, it would take us two, three, four, five months to collect from them. If you start charging them interest, which the other stores did, they would get very vocal and very ugly about it. So, what, if you pay your bill on time, you don't have to pay that 1.5%. I said, \"You know, lady, we still have to pay for those shoes. They weren't given to us.\" [She said] \"I don't need all of that. I don't need to listen to all that hogwash.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=3358.0,3404.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/transcript/72630/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Your family goes back all the way to the 1800's in Albany, but did you ever think about living anywhere else?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=3404.0,3413.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/transcript/72630/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"COHEN: We lived in Tifton for a year, but that was all. No, I never thought about leaving Albany; Buddy did. Buddy wanted to move down to Central Florida, but being an only child . . . His mother and Daddy were here. Basically, I was an only child because my sister was away at different schools for cerebral palsy, mentally retarded and all. We just didn't feel like we could leave the two families with nobody here. My aunt had only had one daughter who lived here, and she did not take real good care of her mother. We just got home here with the family and couldn't leave. I don't think I would have been happy anywhere else because I grew up here. I loved Albany. I loved everybody here and everything about it. If Buddy had gone to . . . I would have followed him anywhere. I would have lived anywhere with him, would have been happy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=3413.0,3469.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/transcript/72630/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: What do you think of Albany today?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=3469.0,3471.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/transcript/72630/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"COHEN: It used to be the good life city. It's not the good life city anymore. It's just changed so much that I don't think there's any hope for it. They're trying to bring downtown Albany back. Buddy was president of the Downtown Association. We went to Minneapolis, [Minnesota], because they had done such a wonderful job with their downtown. We brought back all the information, hoping Albany would do the same thing. It got nowhere. To try to save downtown Albany, the malls opened up. Businesses that were doing well downtown thought they could do better at the mall. They moved out to the mall. Some of them have gone out of business. It's changed. It's just not the same. I don't know what it's going to take to bring it back. The political atmosphere is not good.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=3471.0,3527.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/transcript/72630/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Why so?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=3527.0,3528.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/transcript/72630/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"COHEN: They don't seem . . . With the police department . . . They don't seem to want . . . They're willing to let them go to other cities to get a higher paying job for doing the same thing they're doing here, but they're not willing to not give themselves [a] raise . . . All the money that is raised should go to paying the police department and the fire department. Those are very important things to have in the city. They're letting our police department fall apart. They can't be everywhere. Naturally, when something happens and the policeman's on in East Albany at a murder and something happens over here, then they get blamed for not being over here. If you don't have enough policemen . . . They can't follow everybody around. Our mayor, I don't think, has been the kind of mayor that has been a mayor for the city. I think for a while it was. I used to say it was so he could get his picture in the paper. I'm not a lover of our mayor. Not because he's black. I just don't think that he's done a good job. I don't think he's had the city in his hopes. He's resigned, he's retiring now. He's not going to run again. I don't know who's going to run for mayor.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=3528.0,3610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/transcript/72630/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: And the future of the Jewish community here?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=3610.0,3614.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/transcript/72630/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"COHEN: I would say in the next ten years, I doubt if we'll have one. Unless some miracle happens here that we can arouse enough interest to have a meeting to find out why people are not coming. We just barely have a minyan on Friday night. One Friday night, we had to use two Torahs. I mean, there's no excuse in that. People can't give an hour of their time to go to services? When people have yahrzeits, a lot of them don't even show up for yahrzeit. Yom Kippur . . . I was amazed, one of our best members of the congregation has been a member, her family, all of their lives. It was Carolyn Simon Scaller Lashoeba. [She] passed away and her children weren't even there for memorial services on Yom Kippur. How can you do that? Her oldest son said he just couldn't come because every time he walked into the temple it made him sad. I said, \"Len, don't hand me that. You planned a lecture for your gun people on that day. That was Yom Kippur. Why would you do that?\" He just turned around and walked off. He couldn't answer me. None of them were there. The only person that was there was her granddaughter. Her oldest son's daughter . . . No, granddaughter, daughter. She was there. She was the only . . . That was the Friday night after Carol died. Nobody else was there. They just call out name after name after name, and nobody's there. It is so sad to me. And this business of people saying, \"You know, they're not the kind of Jews that I'm used to.\" I told one girl, I said, \"How do you know? You haven't been to temple to know any of us in a long time. You don't even associate with Jewish people. The only Jewish women that you're with is our 'Stitch and Bitch Club,' and the rest of the time you're not with Jewish people, you and your husband. Y'all are catering to the non-Jews, so how can you say that we're not your kind of people? We have socials and you don't even come and try to know people.\" I don't know. We've got the best board on the congregation we've ever had. Not because my daughter's vice president, but we have an excellent president . . . This is his second term as president, and he's done a miraculous job. The board has done the work. They can't get people to volunteer, to stand up and say, \"Yes, we'll take that committee.\" They can't even get their trustees who are in charge of certain things to do anything. It's sad. Debbie has compiled a letter that she's getting ready to send out to every member of the congregation. They're going to have some meetings and try to find out what it's going to take to save this congregation, because none of us want to see it fold. None of us do. I don't want to have to drive to Tallahassee to go to temple or to go to Columbus for the High Holy Days. Not when we've got a perfectly viable, beautiful temple here in Albany.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=3614.0,3827.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/transcript/72630/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: It's a beautiful building.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=3827.0,3829.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/transcript/72630/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"COHEN: It is a beautiful building.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=3829.0,3832.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/transcript/72630/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: I wanted to go back a little bit to celebrating Judaism in your own home. How was it celebrated in your home? Did you do Sabbath, Shabbat dinners?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=3832.0,3843.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/transcript/72630/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"COHEN: Absolutely. My mother lit her candles every Friday night; we had Shabbat dinner . . . When I was in school, if there was a football game on Friday night in Albany, Georgia, I went to temple and Daddy would take me at halftime to the football game. That's the way we celebrated it. I went to Sabbath School on Saturday morning. I don't care if I was spending the night out after the football game, I got home in order to go to Sabbath School [on] Saturday morning. I didn't miss it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=3843.0,3876.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/transcript/72630/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: How was your Passover seder? Can you describe your Passover seder?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=3876.0,3881.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/transcript/72630/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"COHEN: We were all together, me and my aunt . . . We used to all eat together when I was growing up. There'd maybe be 30 or 40 of us. She had cooks and we'd have Passover. When I got married, I started having the seders at my house and Thanksgiving and anybody's birthday. The other daughter, my aunt's children, would not do that. That's all right, I did it. I loved it. I would have . . . We would do the whole service. The one funny thing about Passover when I was growing up was my mother and my aunt used to make the wine for the seder. It was raisin wine. By the time it was ready to be served, the whole house smelled like a brewery. You didn't have to drink but one glass of it, and you may as well hang up the rest of the night. It was so strong. I remember that because I snuck in the kitchen one night and I drank a glass of it, and I never made it to the seder supper. I mean, it was very good. They used to make their own gefilte fish. You couldn’t buy it here in Albany. Mama and my aunt would go down to the kitchen to make gefilte fish and . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=3881.0,3956.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/transcript/72630/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Did you have a cook?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=3956.0,3958.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/transcript/72630/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"COHEN: My aunt did, yes. We had a cook and a maid who waited on the table.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=3958.0,3962.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/transcript/72630/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Did the cook learn how to make the Jewish dishes?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=3962.0,3966.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/transcript/72630/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"COHEN: Oh, yes. My mother-in-law had a cook, too. She learned how to make the Jewish dishes. When my kids . . . When we were married and I started having seder supper, we didn't have a pot or a window to throw it out of, but I always had everything for seder supper and had all the family over here. We had a little bitty house. We were eating all over the house and doing, we had . . . Oh yes, Elijah came . . . Seder was a big thing. Buddy loves Passover. He did, he loved Passover and Thanksgiving. Those were the two holidays nobody expected a gift. They came home to be with family. We celebrated. We celebrated Hanukkah, all eight nights of Hanukkah. When the family got so big and trying to buy the five grandchildren and the in-laws Hanukkah presents, we all decided we were having one big family Hanukkah party, which we always did here at our house. It was disgusting, it really was. By the time everybody came with their gifts and all, it was disgusting. It was worse than Christmas. You can imagine with all of us [with] gifts for everybody. There was loads of it. But fun, loud, cooking potato pancakes and singing in the kitchen and all that kind of real family stuff. It was good and we still do it. We still have family. It's unfortunate because Marsha lives in Atlanta and her two children and her grandchildren are in Atlanta, so she doesn't come home for those holidays as much anymore. They will come home for Hanukkah, but Thanksgiving and Passover, they're with . . . I don't blame them. She's not going to leave her family to come home. It's cut down quite a bit in size. Since Buddy's been gone, Debbie's been having those things over at her house. I try to do a lot of the cooking, as much as I can . . . She'll let me. We just have it over at her house.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=3966.0,4103.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/transcript/72630/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: How do you feel about your Southern heritage? Is there a sense of pride?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=4103.0,4106.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/transcript/72630/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"COHEN: Absolutely.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=4106.0,4107.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/transcript/72630/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Can you describe that a little bit?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=4107.0,4110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/transcript/72630/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"COHEN: I'm an old Southern lady. I just like the Southern way of life, \"Yes, ma'am. No, ma’am. Thank you. No, thank you.\" I just think it's a way of life that's gotten away from us. I love my Southern heritage. I believe in Dixie. I don't care what they say. We lost the war, I don't care. I still believe in Dixie. No, I'm very proud of my Southern heritage; I wouldn't trade it for anything, I really wouldn't. I could never live up north. My mother's sister, when she married, she moved to New York. Never lost her southern accent, never. She lived up there something like 65 years. It was still . . . Every time she went anywhere, it was \"Thank you,\" and \"No, sir.\" People couldn't get over it, that somebody would talk like that. I just think it's a way of life that's gotten left by the wayside.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=4110.0,4171.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/transcript/72630/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: You miss it? You miss . . . ?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=4171.0,4172.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/transcript/72630/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"COHEN: Yes, I do. I do. I miss it because . . . Particularly in the store, I see that it's not any more of that civility that a lot of the salespeople don't have anymore . . . They've made the sale, and they don't say, \"Thank you, come back to see us,\" or, \"Have a good day,\" or \"Drop dead,\" or anything. I just think our store, our people, are trained in the old Southern way, but there are not many that are that way. Some people come in and some ladies will come in and they'll be buying shoes from us. The salesperson will say, \"Thank you very much and have a nice day. Come back to see us, you hear?\" They just look at them as if to say, \"You're crazy.\" That's the way we are.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=4172.0,4221.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/transcript/72630/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Before we conclude, I'd like to just give you an opportunity . . . If there's—[I’ll] give you a minute to think—any anecdotes about any members of the family? Any great stories that you would like to share about your grandfather, your grandparents, your parents? Anything special that you want to share with us?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=4221.0,4239.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/transcript/72630/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"COHEN: When we had the tornado, one of my uncles was down in Florida on a fishing bridge trip with his old cronies living in a trailer. His brother got to a telephone and called him and said, \"Ike, we've had a tornado and the theatre is destroyed.\" Uncle Ike said, \"I'm in Lakeland, Florida. There's not a damn thing I can do about [it], Adolph. Handle it. I'm going back to bed.\" He went back to bed, but Uncle Adolph just thought he'd get in the car and come home right away. It was already happening. There was no reason for him to come home . . . My uncles owned the theatres here in town.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=4239.0,4284.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/transcript/72630/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: That's what I was going to ask you about.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=4284.0,4285.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/transcript/72630/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"COHEN: Yes, we used to have wonderful shows here. We really did. We had so many orchestras. We had Brigadoon and different theatres. On their way to Florida, they needed a place to stop, and this was perfect for it. What was so heartbreaking was that the shows would be coming to Albany. These celebrity women here in Albany would get in the car and drive to Atlanta, spend money for meals and a hotel room, and go to see the show in Atlanta. Instead of supporting their hometown theatre, which was the same show they saw in Atlanta.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=4285.0,4327.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/transcript/72630/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: What was the name of the theatre?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=4327.0,4329.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/transcript/72630/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"COHEN: Albany. The Albany Theatre.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=4329.0,4331.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/transcript/72630/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: And your uncle's names?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=4331.0,4333.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/transcript/72630/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"COHEN: Adolph Gortatowsky.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=4333.0,4337.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/transcript/72630/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Can you tell us a little bit about your uncle that worked for the Hearst Corporation?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=4337.0,4343.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/transcript/72630/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"COHEN: I certainly can tell you a lot about him. He started out here in Albany with the newspaper when he was a teenager. He went to Columbus, and he worked there as a copy boy. He started correcting the editor. They made him editor of The Columbus Times over there. He went to Atlanta and one of the guys from the Hearst Publications was down in Atlanta. He was telling him some mistakes that were in the paper. Uncle Ike had one of these memories that he would take a newspaper. [He would say] \"There's a mistake.\" He would tell him what line it was on, what page it was on. This man looked at it—who happened to be [Mr. William Randolph Hearst Sr.]—he said, \"How did you know that?\" [My uncle] said, \"I have one of those minds. I don't have to spend an hour reading a newspaper scanning it for errors.\" [Mr. Hearst] said, \"How would you like a job?\" He said he would love one, so [Mr. Hearst] hired him. He went to New York with Mr. William Randolph Hearst, worked his way up from the bottom to be the head of Hearst Publications and King Features Syndicate and the [Walt] Disney World things. He was offered the very top position, the very highest you can get. He went to his lawyer and his accountant for advice. They told him, said, \"If you want the title, take the job.\" [They] said, \"But, with your raise, you will be taking home X number of dollars less than you're making now. Why give up something now to go for a title?\" Uncle Ike turned it down. They could not understand it. There were wonderful stories that he used to tell us about going to the Hearst Castle and Mr. Hearst and about Patty Hearst, all of them. She was just great. The different people that he knew, like Betty Grable and Sonja Henie . . . He'd fly to Greenland because they were having trouble with their printing presses over there. He went over there, never had any training on a printing press. When he went over there, he corrected the problem. From there, they flew back to Hollywood, California, to some big to-do. My sister had scores of pictures of him with presidents and different things like that, which I think is just wonderful. For a little Jewish guy from Albany, Georgia to get that high up on a stick. Yet, the people in Albany, Georgia, don't know a thing in the world about it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=4343.0,4515.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/transcript/72630/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Was [William Randolph Hearst] really the character represented in Citizen Kane?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=4515.0,4519.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/transcript/72630/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"COHEN: Absolutely, yes. All the Hearsts were in that in some way or another, yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=4519.0,4527.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/transcript/72630/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: That's an amazing story.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=4527.0,4530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/transcript/72630/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"COHEN: . . . “Rosebud” was [my uncle’s] sled, yes. Took me years before I figured that out. I'm not stupid, but I just couldn't figure that out. I happened to have met Mr. What's-his-name. [He] played the part . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=4530.0,4545.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/transcript/72630/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Orson Welles?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=4545.0,4546.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/transcript/72630/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"COHEN: Yes. I want to tell you; I have never met such a conceited human being in my whole life. Uncle Adolph and Aunt Florence took me down to Cuba—to recuperate from pneumonia that I had gotten from school—to Havana. He was down there, and I said, \"I'm going to get his autograph.\" I said, \"Don't you tell him who you are. Don't you tell him that . . . your Uncle Ike's brother is down here.\" I said, \"Why?\" He said, \"Oh, no,\" he said, \"Orson Welles can't stand us.\" He said, \"Do not tell . . . Don't mention anything about the Hearsts or Gortatowskys or anybody else.\" I said, \"I won't. My name's not Gortatowsky. I can go tell him he can make out my autograph to Terese Davis. I won't tell him that you're Adolph Gortatowsky.\" He said, \"Be quiet!\" This little flower girl I had befriended from the hotel, we walked over there, and I very nicely said, \"Could I please have your autograph?\" He [said], \"Of course.\" He looked down at me and he gave me his autograph. I said, \"May I have my pen back?\" He stuck it in his pocket. He gave it to me. When I got back to the hotel, Uncle Al said, \"Well?\" I said, \"You can have it.\" He said, \"What do you mean?\" I said, \"That man's the most conceited man I've ever met in my life.\" I said, \"They need to drop him off of a bridge somewhere. He was horrible. He wasn't a friendly person.\" I'll tell you who was friendly. You remember the actress that had the real big boobs, and she married [Paul Mansfield?] . . . What was his name? It's a horrible name. She was on her honeymoon down in Havana and stayed at the hotel where we were. A few years later, she was killed. They were both beheaded in a . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=4546.0,4653.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/transcript/72630/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Jayne Mansfield.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=4653.0,4654.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/transcript/72630/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"COHEN: Jayne Mansfield, who was beheaded in an automobile accident. We had lunch with her, this little flower girl and I. We just went over and started talking to her. They invited us to sit down and have lunch with them. It was great. I'm sitting, and Uncle Adolph is sitting over at a table over there. He ain't looked at her face yet. It was hysterical. My aunt kept saying, \"Adolph, you want to change places?\" [He said,] \"No, no. She's got no business wearing a sweater like that.\" We sat up there and had lunch with them. They were just as nice and homey as they could be. You would never know that she was a movie star. All these people were walking up to her and asking her for her autograph, wondering who the little rats were that were sitting with her. They're just as nice as they could be, but not that other thing. He was . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=4654.0,4707.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/transcript/72630/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Say that again?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=4707.0,4708.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/transcript/72630/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"COHEN: There's a lot more acceptance in the South than in the bigger cities. I'll be honest with you, our non-Jewish partners have been the hardest, and particularly the converts, because they really know what Judaism is. There has to be a reason that they wanted to convert. Several of them were asked, \"What made you want to convert?\" Like the black lady that is a member of our congregation. She said because she was brought up Baptist and she would go to church, and she said she just got so tired of hearing a preacher say things that she didn't think that preachers should say. She started going to other churches, going around to see if she could find something. Then, she went to a temple. She said everybody welcomed her there. She decided that she was going to convert. She speaks Hebrew, she reads Hebrew. She's been bat mitzvahed. She's got everything down pat. She said it was what she wanted. It was the warmth, the family life that was taught to . . . Judaism is basically a family religion. You do justly and you walk humbly with your God. She said that's what she wanted. That rabbis don't get up and lambast somebody else or send them to hell. She said it's just a warm religion. My very best friend growing up was Sister Wigfeld's cousin who just recently passed away. Charlene and I were like two peas in a pod. She was a convert also. She said that she never had . . . She tried so hard, because of her family, to go to church. She said that she was not happy. There was something missing. When she came to Albany and started going to temple with all of us, that's what was missing. [It] was that warmth, that love, that closeness. Everybody got along so well together and nobody talked against anybody. It was just great. I have found that’s true with Peggy Parsnick, who's another convert. She's, right now, in Charlotte, North Carolina. I wish she was back here. She's another one [who] did that. Now, her sister has a fit every time she would go to temple because her sister is a dyed-in-the-wool Baptist. She just thinks Peggy's going to hell. Peggy said, \"If I am, I'll have a lot of company.\" She said, \"I'm not coming back. I like what I am, and I'm going to stay what I am.\" So really, the non-Jewish person who has chosen to become Jewish takes it more seriously than a lot of Jewish people. We sometimes take it for granted, but they don't.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=4708.0,4886.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/transcript/72630/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"EINSTEIN: Haven't there also been a lot of people who have come into the congregation, like Scooter's mother, who were not ever formally converted to Judaism, but who are totally part of this community?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=4886.0,4897.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/transcript/72630/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"COHEN: Yes, Doris is that way. Doris Laurie, Marvin's wife, is that way. She was never formally converted, but she considers herself Jewish. She will tell you, \"I don't have the same feeling that y'all have, because I wasn't born that way.\" She said, \"There is something to that.\" That there is a feeling that Jewish people have, that you just don't learn. It's inborn in you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=4897.0,4925.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/transcript/72630/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: I have one last question. How do you feel the relationship today is between, not so much the Jewish community of Albany, but the white community and the black community of Albany?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=4925.0,4943.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/transcript/72630/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"COHEN: I think to a certain degree, there's some resentment that some of the blacks can get jobs that some of the whites can't. That's because the whites don't accept the pay and the blacks do. They're very hard-working people; when they do take a job, they work at it . . . I don't think there's really a lot of antagonizing between the two anymore. I think it really has, and they're go-getters. The black community are go-getters. They're opening businesses downtown that are obviously very successful. Two single girls just bought my building downtown, which thank you, Lord, I got rid of that. They have gutted it. They're putting in a business down there, and they're just as happy as they can be.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=4943.0,5003.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/transcript/72630/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Is that near the waterfront?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=5003.0,5004.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/transcript/72630/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"COHEN: It's not, no. It's in the 200 block. The waterfront is down in the 100 block. Down through there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=5004.0,5011.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/transcript/72630/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Do you see any future for that area?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=5011.0,5017.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/transcript/72630/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"COHEN: I really don't.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=5017.0,5018.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/transcript/72630/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: That's a shame.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=5018.0,5019.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/transcript/72630/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"COHEN: I think it's going to stay just like it is. They had thought about putting motels across the river facing the city, which would have been beautiful down at the waterfront, people who would stay over there. Our crime is mostly in East Albany. We just recently, this weekend, had two murders over there and a couple of robberies. We're a small town. Now, you got lots of it in Atlanta, but you don't hear as much about it as you do in a smaller town like this. I don't see it. I guess, because I don't have any feelings. I respect them very much. These girls that are staying with me are just absolutely super. I couldn't ask for any nicer people to take care of me. I don't have anything against any of them, I really don't.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=5019.0,5072.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/transcript/72630/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: On that note, I'd like to thank you. It was wonderful to be here. I really appreciate it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=5072.0,5077.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/transcript/72630/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"COHEN: I'm glad to. I will go through all my sister's things. I'll go through all the . . . 9,000 papers that are in there and see if I can find out anything and find anything about my grandfather. If I do, I will let you know.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=5077.0,5090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/transcript/72630/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Thank you so much.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=5090.0,5092.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/transcript/72630/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"COHEN: I will write you. Thank you for including me.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=5092.0,5094.623"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/annotation_set/1640","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Cohen, Terese Davis [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/annotation_set/1640/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTerese Ann Davis Cohen (1927 – 2018) was born to Edward J. Davis and Sarah Maureen “Sadie” Gortatowsky Davis on May 26, 1927. She was born, raised, and stayed in Albany, Georgia for most of her life. Her family owned the Albany Theatres and worked with the Hearst Corporation. She opened, owned, and operated multiple shoe stores selling Cancellation Shoes with her husband, Norman Philip “Buddy” Cohen.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=1.0,15.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/annotation_set/1640/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAlbany, Georgia is a city in the southwestern part of the state along the Flint River.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=1.0,15.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/annotation_set/1640/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAs stated on the Breman Museum’s webpage for the collection overview abstract of the Esther and Herbert Taylor Oral History Project of Atlanta, “The Esther and Herbert Taylor Oral History Collection, housed in the Ida Pearle and Joseph Cuba Archives for Southern Jewish History at the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum, consists of more than 1,000 interviews that document Jewish life in Georgia and Alabama. The collection originated in the 1970s due to an oral history project conducted by the Atlanta Jewish Federation and the Atlanta chapters of the National Council of Jewish Women and the American Jewish Committee. It has since grown to include a multitude of additional oral history projects spanning topics related to Atlanta Jewish history, Georgia Jewish history, Alabama Jewish history, and Holocaust history.”\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=1.0,15.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/annotation_set/1640/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum in Atlanta celebrates and commemorates Jewish history, culture, and art through events and museum spaces. The Breman also contains the Cuba Family Archives for Southern Jewish History, which houses thousands of manuscripts, oral histories, and photograph collections, related to southern Jewish history and the Holocaust.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=1.0,15.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/annotation_set/1640/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSandra Katz \"Sandy\" Berman is an American archivist. A native of Cleveland, Ohio, she was the founding archivist of the Cleveland Jewish Archives. She later moved to Atlanta, Georgia, and in 1985 became the founding archivist of the Ida Pearle and Joseph Cuba Archives for Southern Jewish History at the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum. During her 28-year tenure at the Breman, she co-curated multiple exhibitions and expanded the scope of the museum to include collections from Jewish communities throughout Georgia and surrounding states. She is the interviewer for many of the oral histories that can be found in this collection.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=16.0,34.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/annotation_set/1640/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePhoebe Putney Memorial Hospital is a non-for-profit teaching hospital in Albany, Georgia, which was opened in 1911. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=34.0,88.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/annotation_set/1640/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMacon-Bibb County, also known as Macon, is a consolidated city-county in Georgia, 85 miles (137 km) southeast of Atlanta.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=34.0,88.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/annotation_set/1640/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAuburn is a city in eastern Alabama, home to Auburn University.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=34.0,88.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/annotation_set/1640/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMorris David Gortatowsky (1840 – 1916) was a Confederate Army soldier who came Stateside from Prussia when he was 17. He settled and raised his family in Albany, Georgia after the American Civil War.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=92.0,95.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/annotation_set/1640/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe American Civil War, widely known in the United States as the “Civil War” or the “War Between the States,” was fought from 1861 to 1865 to determine the survival of the Union or independence for the Confederacy. In January 1861, seven Southern slave states declared their secession from the United States and formed the Confederate States of America. The Confederacy, often called the “South,” grew to include 11 states, and although they claimed 13 states and additional western territories, the Confederacy was never diplomatically recognized by a foreign country. The states that did not declare secession were known as the “Union” or the “North.” The war had its origin in the issue of slavery. After four years of bloody combat, which left over 600,000 Union and Confederate soldiers dead and destroyed much of the South's infrastructure, the Confederacy collapsed, slavery was abolished, and the difficult Reconstruction process of restoring national unity and granting civil rights to freed slaves began.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=140.0,142.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/annotation_set/1640/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eShul is a Yiddish word for synagogue that is derived from a German word meaning “school,” and emphasizes the synagogue's role as a place of study.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=142.0,255.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/annotation_set/1640/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBerlin is the capitol of Germany. It is the country’s largest city by area and population.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=142.0,255.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/annotation_set/1640/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAugusta, Georgia is a city east of Atlanta along the Savannah River on the border of South Carolina.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=142.0,255.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/annotation_set/1640/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Confederate States Army (CSA) was the military ground force of the Confederate States of America during the American Civil War.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=282.0,287.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/annotation_set/1640/annotation/177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e“Yankee” or \"Yank\" has several meanings, all referring to people from the United States. In Southern American English, “Yankee” refers to a Northerner.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=397.0,468.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/annotation_set/1640/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePretoria was a town in Dougherty County, Georgia from 1907 to 1995. It is now an unincorporated community.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=397.0,468.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/annotation_set/1640/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eThe Albany Herald\u003c/em\u003e is the daily newspaper publication for the city of Albany in Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=470.0,632.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/annotation_set/1640/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAntisemitism is prejudice against, hostility to, or hatred of Jews.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=644.0,740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/annotation_set/1640/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHebrew school can be either the Jewish equivalent of Sunday school (an educational regimen separate from secular education, focusing on topics of Jewish history and learning the Hebrew language), or a primary, secondary, or college level educational institution where some or all of the classes are taught in Hebrew.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=644.0,740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/annotation_set/1640/annotation/182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks (BPOE; also, often known as the \"Elks Lodge\" or simply \"The Elks\") is an American fraternal order founded in 1868, originally as a social club in New York City.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=644.0,740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/annotation_set/1640/annotation/183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRabbi Edmund A. Landau (1875-1945) was the first permanent rabbi of Temple B’nai Israel, a Reform congregation in Albany, Georgia. He was born in Ontario, Canada and raised in Michigan. His family was originally from East Prussia. In 1909, the congregation of Temple Beth-El hired Rabbi Edmund Landau to lead services in Bainbridge, Georgia on every other Sunday.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=740.0,743.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/annotation_set/1640/annotation/184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAccording to Jewish tradition, the “Ten Commandments” are ten categories that contain 613 mitzvot (Hebrew: commandments). The ten categories are significant because they form the basis of man’s relationship with God and man’s relationship with his fellow people. While God directly gave the Ten Commandments to the Jewish people, it was Moses, who also led the Hebrew slaves out of Egypt, that received the tablets and brought them down from Mount Sinai.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=743.0,903.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/annotation_set/1640/annotation/185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eConfirmation is a coming-of-age ritual that originated in the Reform movement, which scorned the idea that at 13 years of age a child was an adult. They replaced bar and bat mitzvah with a confirmation ceremony at about age 16 to 18. In some Conservative synagogues the confirmation concept has been adopted as a way to continue a child’s Jewish education and involvement for a few more years.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=743.0,903.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/annotation_set/1640/annotation/186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHanukkah or Chanukah [Hebrew: dedication] is an eight-day festival of lights usually falling around Christmas on the Christian calendar. Hanukkah celebrates the victory of the Maccabees in 165 BCE over the Seleucid rulers of Palestine, who had desecrated the Temple. The Maccabees wanted to re-dedicate the Temple altar to Jewish worship by rekindling the menorah (ritual candelabra) but could only find one small jar of ritually pure olive oil. This oil continued to burn miraculously for eight days, enabling them to prepare new oil. The Hanukkah menorah, or hanukiah, with its nine branches, is used to commemorate this miracle by lighting eight candles, one for each day, with the ninth candle.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=743.0,903.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/annotation_set/1640/annotation/187","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSouthern Baptists are a Christian denomination based in the United States. The denomination was found in Augusta, Georgia in 1845 and has grown to be the largest Baptist denomination in the world. It is also the largest Protestant and second-largest Christian denomination in the United States.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=743.0,903.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/annotation_set/1640/annotation/188","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAlbany High School was a Georgia public school in the City of Albany that operated from 1886-2017.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=946.0,1044.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/annotation_set/1640/annotation/189","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSt. Louis is a city in the state of Missouri, near the Mississippi and Missouri rivers. It is an independent city and does not reside in a county.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=946.0,1044.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/annotation_set/1640/annotation/190","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWashington University is a private research university in St. Louis, Missouri. It was founded in 1853.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=946.0,1044.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/annotation_set/1640/annotation/191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFlorida State University (FSU) is a public research university in Tallahassee, Florida.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=946.0,1044.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/annotation_set/1640/annotation/192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Presbyterian Church (USA) is a mainline Protestant Christian denomination in the United States. Part of the Reformed tradition, it is the largest Presbyterian denomination in the United States and is known for its relatively tolerant stance on doctrine.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=1054.0,1149.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/annotation_set/1640/annotation/193","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMethodism, or the Methodist movement, is a Protestant Christian denomination. It is set apart from other denominations based on the teachings of John Wesley.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=1054.0,1149.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/annotation_set/1640/annotation/194","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Sacrament of Penance is one of seven sacraments in the Catholic Church. Members attend confession, telling their sins to clergy in exchange for absolution.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=1054.0,1149.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/annotation_set/1640/annotation/195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eNorman Philip “Buddy” Cohen (d. 2001) was a Jewish shoe salesperson from Albany, Georgia. After he was stationed in Iceland during World War II, he travelled before settling down back in Albany to marry his wife, Terese Ann Davis Cohen. Together, they owned and operated up to five stores at a time before passing the business on to their children when Norman fell ill. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=1155.0,1205.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/annotation_set/1640/annotation/196","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe United States Armed Forces are the military forces of the United States of America. It consists of six branches: the Army, Marine Corps, Navy, Air Force, Space Force, and Coast Guard.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=1229.0,1234.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/annotation_set/1640/annotation/197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTallahassee is the capital city of the state of Florida, sat in the Panhandle part of the state. It sits in Leon County, which borders the state of Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=1286.0,1334.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/annotation_set/1640/annotation/198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA bar mitzvah [Hebrew: son of commandments; plural: b’nai mitzvah] is a rite of passage for Jewish boys aged 13 years and one day. At that time, a Jewish boy is considered a responsible adult for most religious purposes. He is now duty-bound to keep the commandments, he puts on tefillin, and may be counted to the minyan quorum for public worship. He celebrates the bar mitzvah by being called up to the reading of the Torah in the synagogue, usually on the next available Sabbath after his Hebrew birthday.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=1286.0,1334.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/annotation_set/1640/annotation/199","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA Sisterhood is a group of women in a synagogue congregation who join together to offer social, cultural, educational, and volunteer service opportunities. Its male counterpart is called either a \"Brotherhood\" or a \"Men's Club.\"\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=1402.0,1511.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/annotation_set/1640/annotation/200","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDothan, Alabama is a city in Houston County. It is about 20 miles (32 km) west of Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=1622.0,1789.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/annotation_set/1640/annotation/201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eURJ Camp Coleman is a Reform Jewish summer camp in Cleveland, Georgia that was established in 1964. It is a member of the Union for Reform Judaism.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=1622.0,1789.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/annotation_set/1640/annotation/202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe International March of the Living is an annual educational program, bringing individuals from around the world to Poland and Israel to study the history of the Holocaust and to examine the roots of prejudice, intolerance and hatred. Since its inception in 1988, more than 260,000 participants, including over 300 survivors, from 52 countries have marched down the same 1.9-mile (3 km) path leading from Auschwitz to Birkenau on Holocaust Remembrance Day (Yom HaShoah) as a tribute to all victims of the Holocaust. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=1622.0,1789.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/annotation_set/1640/annotation/203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJamaica is a Caribbean Island nation. The indigenous Taino people originally inhabited the island. It later came under Spanish rule when Christopher Columbus arrived in 1494. Much of the indigenous population was killed or died when the Spanish brought over African slaves. England took control of the island in 1655 and turned the island into a leading exporter of sugar using slave labor. Slavery was ended on the island in 1838, but indentured labor continued to be used on the plantations. Jamaica achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1962.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=1622.0,1789.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/annotation_set/1640/annotation/204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBridge is a trick-taking card game using a standard 52-card deck. It is played by four players in two competing partnerships, with partners sitting opposite each other around a table. Millions of people play bridge worldwide in clubs, tournaments, online, and with friends at home, making it one of the world's most popular card games.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=1806.0,1986.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/annotation_set/1640/annotation/205","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eChicago is a city in Illinois on Potawatomi ancestral lands founded in 1780. Chicago is a cultural and financial center that sits on Lake Michigan.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=1806.0,1986.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/annotation_set/1640/annotation/206","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJim Crow laws were state and local laws in the United States enacted between 1876 and 1965. The name seems to have originated in the song “Jump Jim Crow,” a song-and-dance caricature of Blacks performed by white actor Thomas D. Rice in Blackface in 1832. As a result of Rice’s fame, “Jim Crow” became a pejorative expression meaning “Negro” by 1838 and the later segregation laws became known as “Jim Crow” laws. Jim Crow laws mandated racial segregation in all public facilities in the southern states of the former Confederacy, with a supposedly “separate but equal” status for Black Americans, although in reality this was not so. Some examples of Jim Crow laws are the segregation of public schools, places, and public transportation and the segregation of restrooms, restaurants and drinking fountains for whites and Blacks. Private businesses, political parties, and unions created their own Jim Crow arrangements, barring Blacks from buying homes in certain neighborhoods, from shopping or working in certain stores, from working at certain trades, etc. In the middle twentieth century, the Supreme Court began to overturn Jim Crow laws on constitutional grounds. Rosa Parks defied the Jim Crow laws when she refused to give up her seat on a bus to a white man, which became a catalyst to the Civil Rights movement. Her actions, and the demonstrations that followed, led to a series of legislative and court decisions that contributed to undermining the Jim Crow system. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 officially ended Jim Crow segregation laws.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=1806.0,1986.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/annotation_set/1640/annotation/207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Albany Movement was a desegregation and voters’ rights coalition formed in Albany, Georgia, in November 1961.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=2042.0,2052.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/annotation_set/1640/annotation/208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAn American chain of department stores founded by Richard Sears and Alvah Roebuck in 1886. It began as a mail order catalog company and opened retail locations in 1925. Kmart bought it in 2005. Sears was the largest retailer in the United States until October 1989 when was surpassed by Walmart. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=2122.0,2275.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/annotation_set/1640/annotation/209","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHearst Communications, Inc. (also known as Hearst, Hearst Corporation) was founded by William Randolph Hearst in San Francisco, California in 1887. The business started as a yellow journalism newspaper, but the company now mainly focuses on multinational mass media and business information company ownership and management.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=2122.0,2275.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/annotation_set/1640/annotation/210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRev. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. (1929-1968) is best known for his role as a leader in the Civil Rights Movement and the advancement of civil rights using nonviolent civil disobedience based on his Christian beliefs. A Baptist minister, King became a civil rights activist early in his career. He led the 1955 Montgomery Bus Boycott and helped found the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) in 1957, serving as its first president. With the SCLC, King led an unsuccessful struggle against segregation in Albany, Georgia, in 1962, and organized nonviolent protests in Birmingham, Alabama, that attracted national attention following television news coverage of the brutal police response. King also helped to organize the 1963 March on Washington, where he delivered his famous \"I Have a Dream\" speech. On October 14, 1964, King received the Nobel Peace Prize for combating racial inequality through nonviolence. In 1965, he and the SCLC helped to organize the Selma to Montgomery marches and the following year, he took the movement north to Chicago to work on segregated housing. King was assassinated on April 4, 1968, in Memphis, Tennessee. His death was followed by riots in many United States’ cities. King was posthumously awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom and the Congressional Gold Medal. Martin Luther King, Jr. Day was established as a holiday in numerous cities and states beginning in 1971, and as a United States federal holiday in 1986.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=2293.0,2322.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/annotation_set/1640/annotation/211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCoretta Scott King (1927-2006) was an American author, civil rights leader. The widow of Martin Luther King, Jr., Coretta Scott King helped lead the Civil Rights Movement in the 1960s. King often participated in many of her husband's exploits and goals during the battle for equality. Mrs. King played a prominent role in the years after her husband's 1968 assassination when she took on the leadership of the struggle for racial equality herself and became active in the Women's Movement and the LGBT rights movement. King founded the King Center in Atlanta and sought to make her husband’s birthday a national holiday. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=2293.0,2322.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/annotation_set/1640/annotation/212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWhite Citizens’ Council (WCC) was an American white supremacist organization formed on July 11, 1954. After 1956, it was known as the Citizens’ Councils of America. It had about 60,000 members, mostly in the South, and was opposed to racial integration during the 1950s and 1960s when it retaliated with economic boycotts and strong intimidation against Black activists, including depriving them of jobs. By the 1970s its influence had faded.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=2432.0,2441.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/annotation_set/1640/annotation/213","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Ku Klux Klan (or “Knights of the Ku Klux Klan” today) is a white supremacist, white nationalist, anti-immigration, anti-Jewish, anti-Catholic, anti-Black secret society, whose methods have included terrorism and murder. It was founded in the South in the 1860s and then died out and come back several times, most notably in the 1920s when membership soared again, and then again in the 1960s during the civil rights era. When the Klan was re-founded in 1915 in Georgia, the event was marked by a cross burning on Stone Mountain. In the past its members dressed up in white robes and a pointed hat designed to hide their identity and to terrify. It is still in existence.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=2432.0,2441.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/annotation_set/1640/annotation/214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Georgia State Patrol is part of the state of Georgia’s Department of Public Safety, founded in 1937 to aid in increased issues with crime and traffic.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=2441.0,2517.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/annotation_set/1640/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e“Cross burning” or “cross lighting” is a practice widely associated with the Ku Klux Klan, although the historical practice long predates the Klan’s inception. In the early twentieth century, the Klan burned crosses on hillsides or near the homes of those they wish to intimidate. The first instance of a cross being burned in the United States was on November 25, 1915, when a group led by William J. Simmons burned a cross on top of Stone Mountain, Georgia, inaugurated a revival of the Klan.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=2441.0,2517.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/annotation_set/1640/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTifton is a city in the state of Georgia in Tift County. It is 167 mi (269 km) south of Atlanta.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=2609.0,2982.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/annotation_set/1640/annotation/217","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Miller Brewing Company purchased part of the Naval Air Station Albany, Georgia (also known as Turner Air Force Base or Turner Field) for a new brewery in 1979. The company, owned by Molson Coors, brews and sells beer.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=2609.0,2982.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/annotation_set/1640/annotation/218","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Marine Corps Logistics Base Albany was commissioned in 1952 as the Marine Corps Depot of Supplies. It is a United States Marine Corps base focused on rebuilding and repairing ground combat support equipment and installations along the East Coast. It has a sister base with the same purpose and name in Barstow, California.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=2609.0,2982.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/annotation_set/1640/annotation/219","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eProcter \u0026amp; Gamble Company (P\u0026amp;G) was founded by William Procter and James Gamble in 1837. Headquartered in Cincinnati, Ohio, the company focuses on consumer goods, including beauty, health care, and baby products.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=2609.0,2982.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/annotation_set/1640/annotation/220","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePensacola is a city in the Florida Panhandle, housed in Escambia County. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=2609.0,2982.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/annotation_set/1640/annotation/221","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMobile is the oldest city in Alabama, founded in 1702 when it was colonized by the French. It provides port access to a state that is mostly landlocked. The Code Noir prohibited Judaism and other religions from the strictly Catholic French colonies. Mostly Sephardic Jewish families from colonies such as Georgia and the Carolinas were finally permitted to settle in Mobile in 1763. Many remain in the community today.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=2609.0,2982.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/annotation_set/1640/annotation/222","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Shoe Box is a family-owned business that was founded by Norman “Buddy” P. Cohen and Terese A. Davis Cohen. After Buddy left the service and traveled, he settled down with Terese in Albany, Georgia to have their own shoe business in 1961. Low on funds, they purchased new shoe orders that other stores had canceled at a discounted price. Their business had grown to five stores under their ownership and operation. As they aged, their children took the business over and turned the company into a traveling shoe sales company selling work shoes and clothes.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=2984.0,3007.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/annotation_set/1640/annotation/223","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWorld War II (abbreviated WWII or WW2) was a global war involving fighting in most of the world and most countries. Most countries fought in the years 1939–1945 but some started fighting in 1937. Most of the world's countries, including all the great powers, fought as part of two military alliances: the Allies and the Axis Powers. World War II was the largest and deadliest conflict in all of history. It involved more countries, cost more money, involved more people, and killed more people than any other war in history. Between 50 to 85 million people died. The majority were civilians. It included massacres, the deliberate genocide of the Holocaust, strategic bombing, starvation, disease, and the only use of nuclear weapons against civilians in history.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=3035.0,3050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/annotation_set/1640/annotation/224","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eColumbus is a consolidated city-county on the west-central border of the state of Georgia. It borders the Chattahoochee River across from Phenix City, Alabama, in Muscogee County.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=3255.0,3349.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/annotation_set/1640/annotation/225","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMinneapolis is a city in the state of Minnesota, in Hennepin County. It sits along the Mississippi River.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=3471.0,3527.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/annotation_set/1640/annotation/226","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA minyan refers to the quorum of 10 Jewish adults required for certain religious obligation. While traditionally only males counted toward the quorum, in many non-Orthodox streams of Judaism adult females count in the minyan. A minyan is needed in Jewish communal prayer for certain components of the regular daily or Shabbat services, reading from the Torah and haftarah portions in synagogue, and saying Kaddish, among other things. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=3614.0,3827.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/annotation_set/1640/annotation/227","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTorah [Hebrew: teaching] is a general term that covers all Jewish law including the vast mass of teachings recorded in the Talmud and other rabbinical works. “Sefer Torah” refers to the sacred scroll on which the first five books of the Bible (the Pentateuch) are written, but it is often shortened simply to \"Torah\" in casual speech and writing.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=3614.0,3827.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/annotation_set/1640/annotation/228","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEach year, mourners light a special yahrzeit [Hebrew: anniversary] candle and recite the Kaddish to observe the anniversary of the death of a relative. Memorial services for the dead are also held during the High Holy Days and the Festivals.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=3614.0,3827.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/annotation_set/1640/annotation/229","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eYom Kippur [Hebrew: “day of atonement”] The most sacred day of the Jewish year. Yom Kippur is a 25-hour fast day. Most of the day is spent in prayer, reciting yizkor for deceased relatives, confessing sins, requesting divine forgiveness, and listening to Torah readings and sermons. People greet each other with the wish that they may be sealed in the heavenly book for a good year ahead. The day ends with the blowing of the shofar (a ram’s horn).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=3614.0,3827.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/annotation_set/1640/annotation/230","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe High Holy Days are the two holiest times of the Jewish calendar: Rosh Hashanah (new year) and Yom Kippur (days of atonement).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=3614.0,3827.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/annotation_set/1640/annotation/231","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eShabbat (Hebrew) or Shabbos (Yiddish) is the Jewish Sabbath and is observed on Saturdays. Shabbat observance entails refraining from work activities and engaging in restful activities to honor the day. Shabbat begins at sundown on Friday night and is ushered in by lighting candles and reciting a blessing. It is closed the following evening with the recitation of the havdalah blessing.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=3832.0,3843.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/annotation_set/1640/annotation/232","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWomen traditionally do the lighting of the candles on Friday evening before sundown to usher in the Sabbath. After lighting the candles, the woman waves her hands over them, covers her eyes and recites a blessing: “Blessed are You, Lord, our God, King of the universe, who has sanctified us with His commandments and commanded us to light Shabbat candles.”\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=3843.0,3876.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/annotation_set/1640/annotation/233","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWomen traditionally do the lighting of the candles on Friday evening before sundown to usher in the Sabbath. After lighting the candles, the woman waves her hands over them, covers her eyes and recites a blessing: “Blessed are You, Lord, our God, King of the universe, who has sanctified us with His commandments and commanded us to light Shabbat candles.”\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=3876.0,3881.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/annotation_set/1640/annotation/234","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSeder [Hebrew: order] is a Jewish ritual feast that marks the beginning of the Jewish holiday of Passover. It is conducted on the evening of the fifteenth day of Nisan in the Hebrew calendar throughout the world. Some communities hold seder on both the first two nights of Passover. The seder incorporates prayers, candle lighting, and traditional foods symbolizing the slavery of the Jews and the exodus from Egypt. It is one of the most colorful and joyous occasions in Jewish life.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=3876.0,3881.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/annotation_set/1640/annotation/235","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGefilte fish is a dish similar to a meatloaf, made out of ground fish, onions, starch and eggs. It is traditionally enjoyed by Ashkenazi Jews on Shabbat and Jewish holidays. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=3881.0,3956.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/annotation_set/1640/annotation/236","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAt Passover seders, the door is left open, and a cup of wine is set on the dinner table, inviting the prophet Elijah in.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=3966.0,4103.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/annotation_set/1640/annotation/237","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDixie, or Dixieland or Dixie’s Land is a term used for the Southern United States.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=4110.0,4171.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/annotation_set/1640/annotation/238","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLakeland is a city in the state of Florida within Polk County. It is east of Tampa and West of Orlando.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=4239.0,4284.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/annotation_set/1640/annotation/239","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBrigadoon is a “book musical” by Alan Jay Lerner and Frederick Loewe, first produced in 1947. It was later made into a 1954 film starring Gene Kelly and Cyd Charisse, and then a 1966 television production starring Robert Goulet and Peter Falk. The musical, mainly a romance, compares city life to a village in the Scottish Highlands.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=4285.0,4327.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/annotation_set/1640/annotation/240","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Columbus Times is a weekly publication from Columbus Georgia. Running since 1970, the newspaper focuses mainly of African American subjects.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=4343.0,4515.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/annotation_set/1640/annotation/241","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eKing Features Syndicate, Inc. is a company owned by Hearst Communications that creates and distributes animated art via formats like comics, puzzles, and games. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=4343.0,4515.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/annotation_set/1640/annotation/242","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWalt Disney World Resort, also known as Walt Disney World or Disney World, is an entertainment theme park and resort in Orlando, Florida. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=4343.0,4515.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/annotation_set/1640/annotation/243","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHearst Castle, previously La Cuesta Encantada, is a U.S. National Historic Landmark in San Simeon, California. George Hearst purchased the 40,000-acrew estate and nearby land in 1865.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=4343.0,4515.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/annotation_set/1640/annotation/244","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePatricia “Patty” Campbell Hearst (1954 - ) was born to Catherine Wood Campbell and Randolph Apperson Hearst, son of William Randolph Hearst. She is known for her kidnapping by the Symbionese Liberation Army.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=4343.0,4515.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/annotation_set/1640/annotation/245","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBetty Grable (1916 – 1973), also known as Elizabeth Ruth Grable or Frances Dean, was an American actress, pin-up girl, dancer, model, and singer from the 1930’s until her death in 1973.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=4343.0,4515.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/annotation_set/1640/annotation/246","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSonja Henie (1912 – 1969) was a Norwegian figure skater and film star. She medaled in women’s singles events, becoming a three-time Olympic champion, winning ten World and six European championships. She had her own ice show and was in 14 films.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=4343.0,4515.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/annotation_set/1640/annotation/247","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHollywood is a neighborhood within the city of Los Angeles in California. It became famously known for its involvement in film production and is home to many celebrities.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=4343.0,4515.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/annotation_set/1640/annotation/248","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCitizen Kane is a 1941 American drama film directed by, produced by, and starring Orson Welles. The film is based on the lives of William Randolph Hearst, Joseph Pulitzer, Samuel Insull, and Harold McCormick.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=4515.0,4519.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/annotation_set/1640/annotation/249","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGeorge Orson Welles (1915 – 1985) was an American director, actor, writer, producer, and magician who worked in film, radio, and theatre.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=4545.0,4546.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/annotation_set/1640/annotation/250","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJayne Mansfield (1933 – 1967), also Vera Jayne Palmer, was an American actress, singer, entertainer, and model. Rumors that she was decapitated in her fatal car accident in 1967 are untrue.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=4653.0,4654.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/annotation_set/1640/annotation/251","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHebrew for “daughter of commandments.” A rite of passage for Jewish girls aged 12 years and one day according to her Hebrew birthday. Many girls have their bat mitzvah around age 13, the same as boys who have their bar mitzvah at that age. The bat mitzvah girl is now duty bound to keep the commandments. Synagogue ceremonies are held for bat mitzvah girls in Reform and Conservative communities, but it has not won the approval of Orthodox rabbis. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=4708.0,4886.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249/annotation_set/1640/annotation/252","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCharlotte is the largest city in the state of North Carolina by population. Housed in Mecklenburg County, the city sits inland, just above the border of South Carolina.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/136585/file/253249#t=4708.0,4886.0"}]}]}]}