{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/gx44q7rt93/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Doi, Jimmy"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["2012-01-09 (captured)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Agent"]},"value":{"en":["Doi, Jimmy (Interviewee)","Berman, Sandra (Interviewer)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["Video"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source"]},"value":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum","Esther and Herbert Taylor Oral History Collection","Jewish Oral History Project of Atlanta","Special Exhibitions Collection"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eJimmy Doi was interviewed by Sandra Berman on January 9, 2012 in Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e (general)","\u003cp\u003eJimmy Doi was born in California prior to World War II. His parents were immigrants from Japan and, in California, the family worked in produce farming. Although his parents returned to Japan before the outbreak of the war, the Doi children stayed in the United States. A teenager when the Pearl Harbor attack occurred, Jimmy, his family, and about 110,000 other Japanese Americans were soon forced by the US government to leave their homes. The Doi family was incarcerated at the Tulare Assembly Center and the Gila River Relocation Center. These sites were part of a system of concentration camps where Americans were incarcerated by the US government during World War II solely because they were of Japanese descent. Jimmy was drafted when he turned 18 and he joined the US Army 442nd Regimental Combat Team, a highly decorated Japanese American military unit. After the war, Jimmy eventually moved to Georgia, where he worked for a time in the poultry industry. As of August 2022, Jimmy and his wife, Alice, still live in Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e (bioghist)","\u003cp\u003eIn his interview, Jimmy Doi discusses his family history, his memories of being incarcerated by the US government during World War II because he was Japanese American, and his military service. His niece, Janice (Sam) Sears, is also present for the interview. Jimmy recalls his teenage years of living at the Tulare Assembly Center and the Gila River Relocation Center, which were part of a system of concentration camps where Americans were incarcerated during World War II solely because they were of Japanese descent. Jimmy reminisces about joining the 442nd Regimental Combat Team of the US Army. He vividly recalls wartime events while he was in Europe during World War II. He describes reconnecting with his family in Japan while he was stationed there with the US military after the war. In addition, Jimmy talks about his life after his military service and his eventual move to Georgia. Finally, Jimmy returns to his wartime years and reflects on how his experiences during World War II reshaped the course of his life. Please note that an interview with Jimmy’s older brother, Michael Doi, is also available to view.\u003c/p\u003e (scope content)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source Metadata URI"]},"value":{"en":["https://archivesspace.thebreman.org/repositories/2/archival_objects/29089"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject"]},"value":{"en":["Doi, Jimmy (personal name)","Doi, Michael (1920-2014) (personal name)","442nd Regimental Combat Team (corporate name)","Japanese American Veterans Association (corporate name)","Chicago, Illinois (geographic term)","Cleveland, Ohio (geographic term)","Europe (World War II) (geographic term)","France (geographic term)","Georgia, United States (geographic term)","Gila River Relocation Center (geographic term)","Hiroshima, Japan (geographic term)","Italy (geographic term)","Japan (geographic term)","Maritime Alps (geographic term)","Mexico (geographic term)","Oxnard, California (geographic term)","Pearl Harbor (geographic term)","Rohwer Relocation Center (geographic term)","Tulare Assembly Center (geographic term)","Atomic Bomb (topical term)","Baseball (World War II) (topical term)","Combat (World War II) (topical term)","Concentration Camps (topical term)","Congressional Medal of Honor (topical term)","Farming (California) (topical term)","Immigration (topical term)","Japanese American Communities (California) (topical term)","Japanese American Incarceration (World War II) (topical term)","Jim Crow Laws (topical term)","Military Draft (topical term)","Poultry Industry (Georgia, United States) (topical term)","Racism (topical term)","US Military in Japan (topical term)","Valley fever (coccidioidomycosis) (topical term)","Veteran Reunions (topical term)"]}}],"summary":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eJimmy Doi was interviewed by Sandra Berman on January 9, 2012 in Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJimmy Doi was born in California prior to World War II. His parents were immigrants from Japan and, in California, the family worked in produce farming. Although his parents returned to Japan before the outbreak of the war, the Doi children stayed in the United States. A teenager when the Pearl Harbor attack occurred, Jimmy, his family, and about 110,000 other Japanese Americans were soon forced by the US government to leave their homes. The Doi family was incarcerated at the Tulare Assembly Center and the Gila River Relocation Center. These sites were part of a system of concentration camps where Americans were incarcerated by the US government during World War II solely because they were of Japanese descent. Jimmy was drafted when he turned 18 and he joined the US Army 442nd Regimental Combat Team, a highly decorated Japanese American military unit. After the war, Jimmy eventually moved to Georgia, where he worked for a time in the poultry industry. As of August 2022, Jimmy and his wife, Alice, still live in Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn his interview, Jimmy Doi discusses his family history, his memories of being incarcerated by the US government during World War II because he was Japanese American, and his military service. His niece, Janice (Sam) Sears, is also present for the interview. Jimmy recalls his teenage years of living at the Tulare Assembly Center and the Gila River Relocation Center, which were part of a system of concentration camps where Americans were incarcerated during World War II solely because they were of Japanese descent. Jimmy reminisces about joining the 442nd Regimental Combat Team of the US Army. He vividly recalls wartime events while he was in Europe during World War II. He describes reconnecting with his family in Japan while he was stationed there with the US military after the war. In addition, Jimmy talks about his life after his military service and his eventual move to Georgia. Finally, Jimmy returns to his wartime years and reflects on how his experiences during World War II reshaped the course of his life. Please note that an interview with Jimmy\u0026rsquo;s older brother, Michael Doi, is also available to view.\u003c/p\u003e"]},"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/185/424/small/Doi_Jimmy.m4v_1681859778.jpg?1681859779","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - Doi_Jimmy.m4v"]},"duration":2954.619,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/185/424/small/Doi_Jimmy.m4v_1681859778.jpg?1681859779","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-thebreman.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/185/424/original/Doi_Jimmy.m4v?1681859776","type":"Video","format":"video/mp4","duration":2954.619,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424/transcript/43578","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Doi, Jimmy [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424/transcript/43578/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: It's January 9, 2012 and I am with Jimmy Doi who has agreed to\nparticipate in the Special Exhibitions Oral History Project of the William\nBreman Jewish Heritage Museum. My name is Sandy Berman, I'm the archivist for\nthe museum, and I'd like to thank you very much for agreeing to participate in\nthis process, this painless process. I'd like to begin by asking a little bit\nabout your own background, to maybe enhance some of the things that your brother\nsaid, when your family ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424/transcript/43578/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"emigrated from Japan and why.\n\nDOI: Well, my mom and dad, they eloped, you know. She was supposed to be married\nto another farmer, a rich farmer in another town. But then, my dad, one day, he\nused to go to school, he used to stop by and they used to go to the school\ntogether ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424/transcript/43578/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"every day. They started getting to know each other, so . . . then one\nday, when she was supposed to get married that night, my sister--her sister took\nall her . . . bundle of clothing to a woodshed. Then, when they were going to\nthe house where they were supposed to get ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424#t=60.0,90.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424/transcript/43578/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"married, then they sidetracked and\nwent out to the rice field and into the woodshed and they hid over there. So my\nmother's sister went to my father's place, told him where she was. So from there\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424#t=90.0,120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424/transcript/43578/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they went to Yokohama, I believe, and went on a ship that was supposed to go to\nthe United States, but it went around into Mexico. And they were working in a\nslave camp, over there in Mexico. One day, they heard that my mother and father\nwere going to be separated so they . . . they were on a small island where there\nis ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424#t=120.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424/transcript/43578/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"alligators . . . crocodiles, I believe. But, my dad had a bunch of string, he\ntied it to the boat and when they went to that other side where they were living\n. . . that night it was raining, he pulled the string with the boat. They\nescaped, all the way from Mexico into the United States--El Paso [Texas]. Walked\nall the way, and from there ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424#t=150.0,180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424/transcript/43578/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they walked all the way from El Paso . . . they\nfound, they didn't know English, but they found that they were going to go to\nOxnard, California. That's the only place they knew. So they walked almost, over\na thousand miles, I guess, from El Paso to Los Angeles [California]. From Los\nAngeles they went to Oxnard and that's how . . .\n\nBERMAN: How did they hear of Oxnard?\n\nDOI: Huh?\n\nBERMAN: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424#t=180.0,210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424/transcript/43578/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"How did they know about Oxnard?\n\nDOI: Well, see their neighbor in Japan went to Oxnard, and so that's the only\nplace he knew. So they asked, \"Where's Oxnard?\" Finally they got there and then\nthey start farming over there.\n\nBERMAN: So immediately they started farming?\n\nDOI: Well, yes, they were working for someone, and then--they were working for .\n. . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424#t=210.0,240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424/transcript/43578/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"John Arneill (sp)--[my brother] Mike's name is Michael John--From there he\n[my father] thought he could go on his own, so he started farming on his own and\ndid pretty good.\n\nBERMAN: How many acres did he have?\n\nDOI: Well, before we left, we were leasing . . . in those days, Japanese\ncouldn't own land. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424#t=240.0,270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424/transcript/43578/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So they were leasing 80 acres in Oxnard, and they were doing\ngood. Tomato farming. And then in the wintertime, they had cabbage and\ncauliflower. That's when the war started. My dad--1939, my dad and mom, they did\nso well that they went back to Japan. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424#t=270.0,300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424/transcript/43578/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So my oldest brother was taking care of\nit. We had . . . December 7, when we found out . . . I mean, that Pearl Harbor .\n. . the next day he tried to go out to the farm. The guards over there, the army\nguards, stopped him, just before he could go into the farm. He had a bunch of\nlaborers, you know, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424#t=300.0,330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424/transcript/43578/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"workers in his back truck, to harvest the cabbage and\ncauliflower. But he couldn't go in, so what he had to do was make a deal with a\nCaucasian man. He brought all his . . . he had two tractors and farm equipment\nand the guy got the farm, all the vegetables. So they traded off ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424#t=330.0,360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424/transcript/43578/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because he\ncouldn't go in.\n\nBERMAN: So already, on like December 8?\n\nDOI: Right after that.\n\nBERMAN: Right . . . I mean, right away they were . . .\n\nDOI: They stopped him December 8, they couldn't go into the farm, so he kind of\nnegotiated with this Caucasian man. So he . . . if he was in the Oxnard city\nlimit, it was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424#t=360.0,390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424/transcript/43578/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"okay, but he was right outside of the city limit. So then . . .\n\nBERMAN: If I could just ask you very quickly, backtrack a little bit. Why\nexactly did your parents go back?\n\nDOI: They . . . see, the kids couldn't speak English--I mean Japanese to them\nand they had a home over in Japan so they ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424#t=390.0,420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424/transcript/43578/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"decided . . . the whole family was\nthere, my mother's family and my father's family, so they went back. They wanted\nto take me. I said, \"No, I'm going to run away.\" So they decided--they gave me\ntwo dollars and said, \"Take good care of it.\" And then, so, all that farm\nequipment, when my brother came back from the army, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424#t=420.0,450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424/transcript/43578/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"he went back to camp, and\nwhen he went back to Oxnard, everything was stolen, so then he moved to Chicago\n[Illinois], lived there, until he died.\n\nBERMAN: How old were you when Pearl Harbor was attacked?\n\nDOI: 13. Oh wait now . . . it's been a long time ago. No, I remember that I was\ngoing to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424#t=450.0,480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424/transcript/43578/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have my . . . I was 16 when it happened and on my 17th birthday we were\n. . . I was in camp. Internment camp.\n\nBERMAN: Do you remember where you were when you heard Pearl Harbor was attacked?\n\nDOI: Yes, I was in Sunday school, and someone came in, said, \"Hey, Pearl Harbor\nwas attacked by Japanese.\" I asked, \"Who's Pearl Harbor?\" We didn't know, you\nknow, Hawaii, we didn't know anything about ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424#t=480.0,510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424/transcript/43578/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hawaii in those days. So, next day\nwhen I went to school, the football players and all used to hang out together\nand eat lunch, so I went over there at noon, no one was there, so I knew where I\nstood. But then, they were real nice to us, I mean they never said a word about,\nyou know, anything. I played basketball and everything, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424#t=510.0,540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424/transcript/43578/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but they wouldn't get\nnear me, you know, us, the Japanese--most of them were Japanese farmers' kids.\n\nBERMAN: So you found that the Caucasian students did not participate . . . want\nto befriend you any longer?\n\nDOI: I don't know if they wanted to be friends, but they wanted to stay away\nfrom . . . because they might be, you know, called bad names, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424#t=540.0,570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424/transcript/43578/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you know. But I\nknew where I stood, so I ate lunch by myself.\n\nBERMAN: How did that feel?\n\nDOI: Well, kind of a lonesome feeling, because I used to participate in sports\nand all the guys I knew. But anyway . . . then, I believe when . . . they gave\nus two weeks to sell everything . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424#t=570.0,600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424/transcript/43578/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you know, get business taken care of. Then\nwe went to Tulare, California. Tulare was a county fairground . . . the\nracetrack was okay, but then inside there were barracks all over the place. It\nwas dusty. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424#t=600.0,630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424/transcript/43578/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When we first went in they gave us a big bag. You know, \"What's that\nbag for?\" you know, then that's going to be our mattress, you put hay in there\nand that was our mattress. Well it wasn't . . . for me, I was still young and I\nmet new friends. But then, at nighttime, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424#t=630.0,660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424/transcript/43578/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"every block had one light, and so by\nthe fence, by the gate, you know, in the fence, they had lights all over and\nmachine gun posts, every . . . about 75 yards, and they were all . . . the\ngovernment said they were for us, to protect us, you know. But then, why were\nthe machine guns facing ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424#t=660.0,690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424/transcript/43578/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in instead of out? But then, when we leaned against the\nwire fence the machine gunners just . . . straight at us. It became like a\nchicken, you know. We'd go to the fence and bounce off of it and the machine\ngun's facing us. But then, when we heard that two or three died getting too\nclose to the fence at different camps, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424#t=690.0,720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424/transcript/43578/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"then we stopped. But that's the only\nplace we could play because at night, you don't want to go to bed at 6:30 or 7\nwhen it's dark.\n\nBERMAN: Like you said, you were young when you got there, and the young have a\nbetter . . . are able to adjust a little better--\n\nDOI: Yes.\n\nBERMAN: --how did some of the older people in the camp adjust?\n\nDOI: They lost everything, and, I don't know. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424#t=720.0,750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424/transcript/43578/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, my brother . . . he didn't\ndo anything . . . the first time he was rested, because all this time in\nCalifornia they were farming every day, five o'clock in the morning they would\ngo out. But now, then when we went . . . we stayed in Tulare for about a couple\nof months and then they asked for volunteers to go to this new ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424#t=750.0,780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424/transcript/43578/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"camp. Well, you\nknow, in Tulare, people were getting what they call \"San Joaquin Valley fever.\"\nThat's a fungus in the lung. My brother, one of the brothers, he lay in bed for\nall the time he was in camp, and all the time he was in our relocation camp\nbecause he couldn't move. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424#t=780.0,810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424/transcript/43578/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I had--when I came here to Atlanta [Georgia], I went\nto the doctor and they thought I had TB or something, and found out that I have\na scar the size of a half a dollar bill inside my left lung. My friend that I\nused to hang out with, same thing. They have . . . on the left lung. But I think\nwhen we went to Gila it healed up because ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424#t=810.0,840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424/transcript/43578/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Gila was dry, while Tulare was kind of\ndamp, but hot, you know.\n\nBERMAN: And how long were you in Gila?\n\nDOI: Well, altogether from when I went into camp, it was about a year and a\nhalf. Well, I'm going ahead now, but when I volunteered . . .\n\nBERMAN: Well, can we go, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424#t=840.0,870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424/transcript/43578/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"before we get to your war years . . .\n\nDOI: No, I'm not--\n\nBERMAN: Oh, okay.\n\nDOI: --it's not war years yet . . . when I volunteered for Gila. Well, we were\nworking, just to clean up the barracks and all that for . . . so the rest of\nthem could come in. They gave us a broom, but here we had to get a shovel ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424#t=870.0,900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424/transcript/43578/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to\ntake all that dust out, because there was a dust storm over there. Since I\nhelped, I volunteered and worked out there, they told me . . . I was still high\nschool age, so they gave me a job as a dishwasher in a mess hall. I got eight\ndollars a month working six days a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424#t=900.0,930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424/transcript/43578/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"week, but, boy, that was great for me because\nI didn't have any money. Then when we started playing baseball, well, what\nhappened was there was a professional baseball player living right on the corner\nof the camp barbed wire. His kids wanted to play baseball, so the kids all\naround there got together and got underneath the fence and started making ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424#t=930.0,960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424/transcript/43578/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a\nbaseball field out there. I guess the guards reported it to the director of the\ncamp, and he cut the wires. So after that, they started helping them out with\nwater and, you know, rollers and stuff to make a baseball field. So the high\nschool team, we got to go outside to play in Mesa, Glendale, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424#t=960.0,990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424/transcript/43578/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Phoenix. I had the\nmoney, see, so I'd tell the bus driver, \"Stop right here,\" by Sears. I'd run in\nand get all the Glenn Miller records I could get at 75 cents a record. So I\nloaned it to our high school to have a Saturday dance, you know. After that, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424#t=990.0,1020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424/transcript/43578/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a\ncouple of baseball players, older guys, they said they were going to go out and\nthey needed one more guy, so I volunteered to go to Cleveland. When we got to\nthe train station at Phoenix, well, somebody told us that, \"Boy, if you eat on\nthe train you'll be broke in no time.\" They gave us 25 dollars, so we, all three of us went across street ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424#t=1020.0,1050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424/transcript/43578/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and bought a jar of peanut butter and a loaf of\nbread and that's all we had all the way to Cleveland. The first week we were\nthere, we ate peanut butter and bread. So then after that when I got my first\npay, I bought baloney. And then, we had a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424#t=1050.0,1080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424/transcript/43578/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"one room place, two of the guys were\nolder so they got to sleep on the bed and I slept on the floor. A couple of\nmonths. Then when I heard my sister moved to Chicago, then I went to Chicago.\n\nBERMAN: Going back to Gila a little bit . . . so you were in school? They . . .\n\nDOI: Well, they had a school, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424#t=1080.0,1110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424/transcript/43578/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but you know, dishwashers, we'd hurry up and then\nrun to the school, and I didn't study anything, that's why I'm . . . Well, in\nthe morning, breakfast and then we'd run to the school, it was only a block\naway. Three of us, students, were working there, dishwashers, man, we used to\nyou didn't know what we were doing! ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424#t=1110.0,1140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424/transcript/43578/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was summertime, it's 115 [degrees\nFahrenheit], no air conditioner, we were just pouring . . . there was no\nsanitation whatsoever. But then we got to eat good because when we went to the\nmess hall we ate first, and then if there was anything left over we got to eat\nsome more.\n\nBERMAN: What were the conditions like in the camp? Can you describe them?\n\nDOI: Hot and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424#t=1140.0,1170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424/transcript/43578/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"dusty. People started to . . . under the barracks they used to make\na cellar. We were working, my brother and I, we were working so we couldn't do\nthat--mess hall, you know. And some of those cellars, though, you had to watch\nit because the scorpions, they like to live in the shady place, cool place, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424#t=1170.0,1200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424/transcript/43578/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and\nwater moccasin, and rattlesnakes. They used to look around first before they\nwent in, you know, to make sure.\n\nBERMAN: Did you and your friends discuss the internment? Why this had happened\nto you?\n\nDOI: No . . . we just . . . just couldn't help it, you know. That's how we felt,\nthat ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424#t=1200.0,1230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424/transcript/43578/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Japan . . . I was more mad at Japan than at anything. Because, you know,\nthey sent us . . . there was rumors that we were going to be traded for\nprisoners of war. And I didn't know any Japanese.\n\nBERMAN: But you had family in Japan.\n\nDOI: Yes, my mother and father, but--they would of taken care of me--but then .\n. .\n\nBERMAN: Were you worried about ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424#t=1230.0,1260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424/transcript/43578/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"them?\u2028\n\nDOI: Well, not really because they were\nretired and they had their own home. And then when . . . well this is after the\nwar, but--I mean . . . then when the atomic bomb went off, yes, I was in Italy.\nSo, when I heard it was near Hiroshima, I mean in Hiroshima, then I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424#t=1260.0,1290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424/transcript/43578/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"volunteered\nfor three more years . . . the government said that if we volunteered we could\ngo wherever we wanted so I volunteered for Japan to look for them.\n\nBERMAN: And they had--they were okay?\n\nDOI: Well, when I went to the train station, my sister-in-law told me just about\nwhere they lived, so when I got there, we went about two blocks ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424#t=1290.0,1320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424/transcript/43578/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"down the road,\nthen I looked to the left, and I saw my dad sweeping the ground, dirt road, you\nknow. I said, \"Hi, pop,\" and then he about died. He hugged me for the first\ntime. You know, Japanese people, they don't hug much, and then he called for my\nmother, and my mother was sick in bed, but she came out running and hugged me.\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424#t=1320.0,1350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424/transcript/43578/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was really a good reunion for me. So, and then, when I was over there, I'd go\nto a PX and buy a bunch of things and send it . . . give it to them. One day my\ndad says, \"Can you get me some soap?\" So I say, \"Okay.\" I got my friends to buy,\nwe bought 50 soap for ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424#t=1350.0,1380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424/transcript/43578/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"him--bars of soap. Next time I went, he says, \"Can you\ngive me some more soap?\" I said, \"What! I bought you 50 of them!\" He said he\ngave it to his relatives and friends, they didn't have it.\n\nBERMAN: What . . . how did you get from Gila to Cleveland? Why did they let you\ngo to Cleveland?\n\nDOI: Well, see there was a work shortage, I mean people . . . they all were\ngetting ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424#t=1380.0,1410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424/transcript/43578/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"drafted, and they wanted workers. When I went to Cleveland, we worked in\nan auto parts shop . . . I mean, not parts shop, but painting shop. For 75 cents\nan hour. Then after about three weeks, I mean about two months, then I went to\nChicago. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424#t=1410.0,1440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424/transcript/43578/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I got a job right away from a grocery store, and worked there for a\nwhile. And then the army called me up, so I went back to Gila to say goodbye to\nmy brothers and family, because I didn't expect to come back. On the way to\nGila, there was a Marine sitting right in a bus, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424#t=1440.0,1470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424/transcript/43578/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and he told me, \"Come on, sit\nover here,\" so I went and we became good friends. He was wounded a little bit on\nthe islands in the Pacific but he was real good to me. We changed buses about\nfour or five times on the way to Gila and he saved a seat because servicemen got\non the bus ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424#t=1470.0,1500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424/transcript/43578/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"first, so he'd save me a seat. We went to eat in Wichita, there's a\nrestaurant right by the bus station, so we ate there and then on the way back I\nsaid, \"Well, I want to eat over there.\" So I went and the guy came out with a\nbutcher knife and started chasing me out the door, so I ran fast.\n\nBERMAN: Because you weren't with the Marine this time.\n\nDOI: Yes, yes, I was by myself, they said, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424#t=1500.0,1530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424/transcript/43578/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"Get out of here!\" You know, you know\nhow it is. Yes, they chased me out at the door. So I ate two Babe Ruth candy\nbars all the way from Wichita to Chicago. I was afraid, even when I came down\nSouth, I was afraid to go to a restaurant because I thought maybe they might,\nyou know . . . you heard of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424#t=1530.0,1560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424/transcript/43578/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the . . . oh, okay?\n\nBERMAN: No . . . I . . . we're fine. So did you just feel afraid down here just\nbecause of . . . when did you come here? In the 1950's?\n\nDOI: The 1950's, end of 1953.\n\nBERMAN: So there were a lot of Jim Crow laws against African Americans?\n\nDOI: Well, when I first went to a gas station I saw \"Black\" and \"White.\" You\nknow, I said, \"Gee,\" I didn't know which one to go to. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424#t=1560.0,1590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424/transcript/43578/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So I asked the attendant,\n\"Oh, you'd go into the white one.\" In fact, on my driver's license, the first\none I got here was \"White.\"\n\nBERMAN: It must have been a very . . . after what you had been through with the\ninternment camps, to then move to the Jim Crow South must have been an adjustment.\n\nDOI: Yes, I was kind of afraid to go to a restaurant until . . . my neighbor,\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424#t=1590.0,1620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424/transcript/43578/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"his . . . his brother was a congressman, Blackburn. He said, \"Let's go out!\" I\nsaid, \"I don't know if I'll be able to go in.\" He said, \"Aww, come on now!\" So\nwe went and after that I, you know, started going to restaurants.\n\nBERMAN: That's a whole other issue, about how you felt seeing other people being\ntreated the way you were treated.\n\nDOI: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424#t=1620.0,1650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424/transcript/43578/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, you know, I felt sorry for them. In fact, we fought alongside the\n92nd division, a Black unit, during World War II.\n\nBERMAN: Let's talk a little bit about your war service . . .\n\nDOI: Oh, first, when I went to France ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424#t=1650.0,1680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424/transcript/43578/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and went to the 442nd regiment combat\nheadquarters, a friend of my brother's came up to me and says, \"Hey, I'm sorry\nbut your brother died, four or five days ago.\" I say, \"Oh . . .\" I couldn't do\nanything about it because I didn't know which company he was in. I was waiting\nfor my sister to write to me about it but she never did write to me, so . . .\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424#t=1680.0,1710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424/transcript/43578/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it's kind of funny, when we went up to the Maritime Alps, and guarding up there,\na friend of mine came over to tell me that . . . \"Hey, I got to go buy a Chanel\nNo. 5 for my girlfriend.\" We had to climb down one mountain, up another\nmountain, down to . . . we were lucky that we hitched a ride, right away, we\nhitched a ride so we had plenty of time. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424#t=1710.0,1740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424/transcript/43578/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So we went around the Mediterranean\nSea, washed our hands just to show that we were . . . at least we washed our\nhands in the Mediterranean. Walking around and finally we saw a volleyball game\ngoing on. So I said, \"Hey, let's go watch that.\" And it was all girls in\nbikinis, and . . . wow, there were no bikinis ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424#t=1740.0,1770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424/transcript/43578/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the United States yet. So we\nwatched and I said, at first I said, \"Let's wait and watch about five minutes.\"\nTurned out about an hour. \"Oh, look at that! Look at . . . \" Finally, I said,\n\"Hey, we got to climb up two mountains. Now, let's . . .\" we hadn't eaten\nbecause we didn't bring any rations and you couldn't find any food in, you know,\nFrance, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424#t=1770.0,1800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424/transcript/43578/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Nice. So I said, \"Let's go to the perfume shop.\" So he went in and I\nsaid, \"I'm going to stay out here and watch, you know, people going by me.\" All\nthe sudden I saw four guys from the 442nd coming. I said, \"Gee\" . . . the closer\nthey got, one guy sure looked familiar. And then when they got closer, \"Hey,\nthat's my brother!\" ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424#t=1800.0,1830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424/transcript/43578/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I told him, \"Hey, I heard you'd died over there!\" He said\nthere was five Doi's in his company and one died, two . . . three were wounded,\nmy brother was the only one who came out without a scratch over there. So I was\n. . . at least when we went to Italy, at least I knew he was still alive.\n\nBERMAN: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424#t=1830.0,1860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424/transcript/43578/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's amazing. What kind of . . .\n\nDOI: . . . just, you know, just timing. If we went and got the perfume and left,\nI never would have known until, you know, after the war.\n\nBERMAN: It is. It's truly, truly an amazing story of . . . What about some of\nyour war service? Where were you . . . were you in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424#t=1860.0,1890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424/transcript/43578/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Italy the entire time?\n\nDOI: Well . . . from France, we didn't . . . we were guarding up in the Maritime\nAlps, and then when we went to Italy, on my birthday, we start climbing up a\nmountain to attack the Germans. It was a . . . I said, \"Gee, please let me live\none more day.\" You know? I was only about 125 ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424#t=1890.0,1920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424/transcript/43578/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"pounds, but I had about a 100\npound pack, you know, I had telephone wire, and I had a couple of 81 millimeter\nmotor shells, you know, big one on my back. Climbing up, oh man, I thought I was\ngoing to die then. Three thousand feet up the mountain. Straight just about . . .\n\nBERMAN: It sounds like it was yesterday when you describe it, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424#t=1920.0,1950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424/transcript/43578/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because you can't\nforget that climb.\n\nDOI: Yes, I told my friend, a judge in California, and he went this last summer.\nHe went and looked at that mountain, and says, \"No, I can't get near,\"\n[indistinct: 32.46] and then he went to the fort where we captured 17 German\nsoldiers. The captain and I, you know, we went . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424#t=1950.0,1980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424/transcript/43578/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the three lieutenants that\ntried to tell the captain not to go because we didn't know who was in there, but\nI was the wireman for him. I had the telephone wire, wire and the telephone. So,\nhe decided he's going to go. So we went down there and he told me to go so far,\nleave my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424#t=1980.0,2010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424/transcript/43578/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"telephone, and then climb up to this hole in the wall . . . a fort, you\nknow, they're about two, two and a half feet . . . stories high. There's one\nhole that the dive bombers bombed, so I start going up there and I saw a white\nflag. I said, \"Kommen Sie her\" [German: Come here]. They sounded German and\n[indistinct: 33.56, possibly saying \"Vieni qui\" in Italian] and 17 ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424#t=2010.0,2040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424/transcript/43578/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"German\nsoldiers came out and I said, boy, I was happy, I thought I was going to die\nthen. So that's . . . that last battle we had, machine gun fire all over. We\nwere in a kind of gully-like, and then, my friend that bought the perfume, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424#t=2040.0,2070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424/transcript/43578/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I\nheard him call for a medic so I crawled up over the bank looking for him, and\nwhen I had got there he was dead, so he never got that perfume . . . you know.\n\nBERMAN: That's rough. Were you wounded at all during the war?\n\nDOI: No, no. I was in that gully, in that last battle, I was leaning against a\nguy's arm because we were just sitting down leaning, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424#t=2070.0,2100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424/transcript/43578/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and all of the sudden he\nwent like that and a bullet hit him right here, my head was over here, knocked\nme out. That's when I found . . . when I woke up I heard my friend yelling for a\nmedic. But, too late.\n\nBERMAN: How many men did your . . . did you lose on that last battle?\n\nDOI: The last one, just those . . . one guy ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424#t=2100.0,2130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424/transcript/43578/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in front of us, he got hit in the .\n. . with a . . . he had the ammo belt, hit him and just exploded, a big hole . .\n. and my friend. But then, they were about ready to give up then, the Germans.\n\nBERMAN: When were you discharged?\n\nDOI: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424#t=2130.0,2160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424/transcript/43578/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"19 . . . well I reenlisted for three more years--\n\nBERMAN: Right.\n\nDOI: --so, 1949, I came out.\n\nBERMAN: When did you finish with your first tour?\n\nDOI: 1946, I think, over in Italy.\n\nBERMAN: And then after you came back to the States in 1949, where did you go and\nwhat did you do?\n\nDOI: Well, I went back to Chicago and then I learned chick sexing, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424#t=2160.0,2190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424/transcript/43578/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you know,\ndetermine the sex of the baby chicken. I think I made a big mistake, that was\nthe hardest work that . . . we just . . . working 40, 50 hours without sleeping.\nI used to put . . . get a big bandana, put an ice pack on my head . . .\n\nBERMAN: You did that in Chicago?\n\nDOI: No, here, in Georgia.\n\nBERMAN: Oh, here in Georgia.\n\nDOI: Yes.\n\nBERMAN: Gainesville?\n\nDOI: We used to drive about six, seven hundred miles a week ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424#t=2190.0,2220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424/transcript/43578/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"besides working in a\nhatchery. It's a wonder that we didn't get into an accident, because everybody\nwas sleepy. In fact, one day my boss was sitting next to me, one night, early\nmorning, I was coming back home to Decatur [Georgia], and he looked in one eye,\nit was closed, looked at my other eye and that was closed too, so he just . . .\nyou know, I was going straight . . . just, just ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424#t=2220.0,2250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424/transcript/43578/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"dangerous, you know.\n\nBERMAN: Wow. How many years did you do that?\n\nDOI: I forgot. How many . . . ten years? No . . . something like that.\n\nBERMAN: I want to talk to you a little bit about, I guess the . . .\n\nBERMAN: Live.\n\nDOI: Okay.\n\nBERMAN: I wanted to talk to you about . . . before we get to some of the . . .\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424#t=2250.0,2280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424/transcript/43578/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"my other questions, I wanted to go back a little bit to the war. Only to ask you\nabout your entire . . . the entire 442nd received . . .\n\nDOI: The Bronze . . .\n\nBERMAN: . . . both a Bronze Star and then the Congressional Medal of Honor.\n\nDOI: Yes.\n\nBERMAN: So tell me about that, and how did it feel when you were told that that\nwas going to happen?\n\nDOI: We were . . . that Washington trip was really some . . . really, once in a\nlifetime for ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424#t=2280.0,2310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424/transcript/43578/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"us. Everybody . . . in fact, on the 14th [January 14, 2012], people\nthat . . . in Seattle [Washington] that couldn't come, you know, like wheelchair\nand everything, they couldn't come so they're going to have one over there on\nthe 14th of this month. Then, Honolulu [Hawaii] just had one, and there's a\nbigger bunch over there because most of them were from ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424#t=2310.0,2340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424/transcript/43578/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hawaii.\n\nBERMAN: How were you told? How were you informed that this was going to happen?\n\nDOI: Well, through JAVA, Japanese American Veterans. And, man, it was a mess . .\n. my wife, she just about drove me crazy. Isn't that right?\n\nSEARS: Well, it was complex for her . . .\n\nDOI: Yes.\n\nSEARS: . . . but they did a very good job of getting ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424#t=2340.0,2370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424/transcript/43578/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the information out to the veterans.\n\nDOI: Yes.\n\nSEARS: And then there was the national . . .\n\nDOI: JAVA, Japanese American Veterans.\n\nSEARS: Japanese American Veterans Association. But they did a very good job\nworking together.\n\nDOI: Yes, it was rough for them, because all this . . . 3000, I mean, they were\ngoing to have a couple thousand . . . How much, 2000, 2500 people went?\n\nSEARS: Mm-hmm. Attending.\n\nDOI: So they had to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424#t=2370.0,2400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424/transcript/43578/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"find the hotels and, you know, everything so it was rough\nfor them.\n\nSEARS: It was a three day event.\n\nDOI: But the people who couldn't come, they're having it now in Seattle and Los\nAngeles. For us . . . another 300 veterans over there, most of them came on\nAirTran, not AirTran, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424#t=2400.0,2430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424/transcript/43578/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Southwest Airlines. But, like Georgia, they don't have\nSouthwest, so we had to pay our own way.\n\nBERMAN: Do you find it . . . or have you thought about the irony of being in an\ninternment camp during the war and then being awarded one of America's highest\nhonor for fighting for . . .\n\nDOI: Well, we're Americans, you know, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424#t=2430.0,2460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424/transcript/43578/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we're going to fight for the US anyway,\nyou know?\n\nBERMAN: Do you feel any anger about what happened to you and your family, your\nbrothers, sister?\n\nDOI: It's just going to happen, you know, it's war, you know. In fact that's\nwhat . . . when I met my uncle through an interpreter, he told me that . . .\nwell, his son and daughter died in Hiroshima, but he says, \"It's just war, you ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424#t=2460.0,2490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424/transcript/43578/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"can't\nhelp it.\"\n\nBERMAN: During the war, was it difficult for you knowing that you still had so\nmuch family in Japan?\n\nDOI: Well, just my mother and father were the only ones that actually I knew,\nyou know, so . . . but, yes, I worried about them. But then, you know, when they\nsay Hiroshima, then they worried me ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424#t=2490.0,2520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424/transcript/43578/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"more. So, that's why I reenlisted, I was the\nonly single one in the family so I reenlisted.\n\nBERMAN: I just want to talk to you about how you feel today about what happened\nto you in 1943--1942 when you were picked up. Do you ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424#t=2520.0,2550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424/transcript/43578/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"feel that it . . . how do\nyou describe . . .\n\nDOI: I don't have any feelings . . . now, I mean, I did what I had to do and\nthat's it, you know. Can't help whatever happened.\n\nBERMAN: And what about the United States' use of the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424#t=2550.0,2580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424/transcript/43578/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"bomb at Hiroshima and\nNagasaki? How do you feel about that?\n\nDOI: That saved a lot of lives, American lives. Because if they had to go . . .\nin fact, if they had to go to Japan, you know, most of them would have been\ndead, you know? Because they'll fight to the finish. But when the bomb went off,\nthen, you know, the Emperor . . . I guess, I don't know, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424#t=2580.0,2610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424/transcript/43578/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Emperor said to\ngive up. When I was in Japan, I didn't have . . . I mean, they were really good\nto us, to American soldiers too, you know.\n\nBERMAN: Did you . . . have you in later years ever gone back to either of the\ncamps you were in to see . . .\n\nDOI: No, no. But there's nothing there in Gila, so nothing to go ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424#t=2610.0,2640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424/transcript/43578/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"back to.\n\nBERMAN: Have they made any--\n\nDOI: I went to Rohwer, Arkansas, my wife's camp, and nothing there, but then the\ngravesite . . . then the first thing I noticed at the gravesite was there's two\nguys from our company that I knew. First thing I looked at, that plaque was\nthere, those two names. There's others, but then, just these two on one ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424#t=2640.0,2670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424/transcript/43578/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"plaque.\n\nBERMAN: When you . . . your brother spoke a little bit about this earlier, just\nabout how your older brother just lost everything.\n\nDOI: Yes, he lost everything. That's the one that had the farm and then all his\nfarm equipment was stolen, so . . .\n\nBERMAN: What was his name?\n\nDOI: Isamu Doi, Sam we used to call him.\n\nBERMAN: Is that who you're named for, Sam?\n\nSEARS: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424#t=2670.0,2700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424/transcript/43578/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"No, actually.\n\nBERMAN: Well, I think it is remarkable that you don't have some of that anger. I\ndon't know if I could be so forgiving about what happened.\n\nDOI: To me, I'm an American. We want to be called American, not actually\nJapanese American, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424#t=2700.0,2730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424/transcript/43578/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you know.\n\nBERMAN: Well, I understand that, I understand that. I'm just trying to think if\nthere's anything else that we didn't touch upon.\n\nDOI: Oh.\n\nBERMAN: Anything that you want to talk about?\n\nDOI: Well, like, after two weeks in the front line, the captain told me ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424#t=2730.0,2760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424/transcript/43578/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the\nrest of the company that we were going to go back to the rear to have a hot meal\nfor the first time . . . hot breakfast, and then we had to go up to the front\nagain. So we were, everybody was thirsty and we walked and walked behind to the\nrear and we saw a small stream go, coming back down the hill. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424#t=2760.0,2790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424/transcript/43578/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So we just dove in\nand drank that water. Then we went up about 200 yards, and here the whole\nbattalion was taking a shower and that's the runoff. My canteen was full of that\nwater, so I dumped it and put chlorine in it and cleaned it out. Then this one\ntime, we were going up . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424#t=2790.0,2820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424/transcript/43578/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"well, it was the front line, but then we were going\nand we crossed a small bridge and there was a stream there. And, the captain\nsaid ten minute break. All the officers had their clothes on, and the rest of\nthe guys were all in the water, because you know, Japanese, they like to take a\nbath every day.\n\nBERMAN: Do you keep in touch with any ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424#t=2820.0,2850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424/transcript/43578/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of your old comrades?\n\nDOI: Yes, I do. We're going to have our company reunion in April in Las Vegas\n[Nevada]. No one would come if it wasn't for Las Vegas. They're all a bunch of gamblers.\n\nBERMAN: Is it always in Las Vegas?\n\nDOI: Oh, yes. My best friend used to be in charge of it, and he died this last\nyear, so . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424#t=2850.0,2880.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424/transcript/43578/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so, one lady took over and she did a pretty good job. So this\nprobably will be the last one that we're going to go to in April.\n\nBERMAN: That will be fun to see every . . .\n\nDOI: Yes, there's only about 10, 12 guys last year, but I heard somebody died,\nso . . . you know. But whenever you go, you see them on that slot ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424#t=2880.0,2910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424/transcript/43578/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"machine.\n\nBERMAN: In retrospect, how do you look back upon your war experience?\n\nDOI: Good experience, you know. I mean, what would I be doing now, if we didn't\nhave the war, I'd probably be a farmer, you know, back home in California, so .\n. . it was a good life. I mean, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424#t=2910.0,2940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424/transcript/43578/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I hope to be as old as my brother.\n\nBERMAN: Well that's great. Thank you so much, we really appreciate it.\n\nDOI: Oh, you're welcome.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424#t=2940.0,2970.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424/annotation_set/1045","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Annotations [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424/annotation_set/1045/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJimmy Doi was born in California. As a teenager, he was incarcerated at the Tulare Assembly Center and the Gila River Relocation Center, which were part of a system of concentration camps where Americans were incarcerated by the US government during World War II solely because they were of Japanese descent. Later in the war, he served in Europe with the 442nd Regimental Combat Team. After the war, he eventually settled in Georgia with his wife, Alice.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424/annotation_set/1045/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum in Atlanta celebrates and commemorates Jewish history, culture, and art through events and museum spaces. The Breman also contains the Cuba Family Archives for Southern Jewish History, which houses thousands of manuscripts, oral histories, and photograph collections, related to Southern Jewish history and the Holocaust.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424/annotation_set/1045/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLocated to the south of Tokyo, Yokohama is the capital city of Kanagawa Prefecture and, by population, is the second largest city in Japan after Tokyo.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424#t=120.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424/annotation_set/1045/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEl Paso is a city in Texas, United States. It is the 6th largest city of the state by population.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424#t=150.0,180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424/annotation_set/1045/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOxnard is a city in Ventura County, California.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424#t=180.0,210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424/annotation_set/1045/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLos Angeles, a city in California, is the 2nd most populous city in the United States.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424#t=180.0,210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424/annotation_set/1045/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMichael John Doi was born in Camarillo, California in 1920. During World War II, he served in Europe with Company A, 100th Infantry Battalion, which was incorporated into the 442nd Regimental Combat Team in 1944. After the war, he eventually settled in Georgia with his wife, Gene Hashimoto Doi. Michael passed away in October 2014.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424#t=240.0,270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424/annotation_set/1045/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePearl Harbor is located on the island of Oahu, Hawaii, and remains an active US Navy base. On December 7, 1941, Pearl Harbor was bombed by the Japanese military. In response, the United States declared war on Japan, thus bringing the United States into World War II.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424#t=300.0,330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424/annotation_set/1045/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eChicago is Illinois’ most populous city, as well as the 3rd the most populous city in the United States.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424#t=450.0,480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424/annotation_set/1045/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDuring World War II, the US government turned the Tulare-Kings County fairgrounds into a temporary detention camp (known as the Tulare Assembly Center). The temporary detention camps were where Japanese Americans were incarcerated before the US government moved them to the more permanent concentration camps, which were officially called “relocation centers.” The Tulare Assembly Center was located in the southern section of the San Joaquin Valley in California.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424#t=600.0,630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424/annotation_set/1045/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eKnown as San Joaquin Valley fever, desert rheumatism, or simply Valley fever, coccidioidomycosis is a fungal infection. In the United States, the fungus that causes this disease is found in the southwestern section of the country. Some people become ill after inhaling the fungus and infections can range from mild to severe.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424#t=780.0,810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424/annotation_set/1045/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAtlanta is the state capital of Georgia, United States. It is the largest city by population of Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424#t=810.0,840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424/annotation_set/1045/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Gila River Relocation Center was one of ten “relocation centers” where in all over 110,000 Japanese Americans were incarcerated during World War II. These “centers” were in fact prisons (now increasingly called concentration camps to reflect the targeted racism and forced incarceration endured by Americans of Japanese descent at these sites). The Gila River Relocation Center was located on the Gila River Indian Reservation in Pinal County, Arizona.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424#t=810.0,840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424/annotation_set/1045/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSears, Roebuck and Company (often simply called “Sears”) is a famous American retail company. Founded in the late 19th century, it started as a mail order company, eventually opening department stores in the 20th century. Sears was a prominent retail presence for many years, but its status was overshadowed in the late 20th century by the major corporation, Walmart.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424#t=990.0,1020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424/annotation_set/1045/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGlenn Miller (1904-1944) was a popular big band musician.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424#t=990.0,1020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424/annotation_set/1045/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOn August 6, 1945, the American military dropped an atomic bomb on the Japanese city of Hiroshima, followed by the atomic bombing of the Japanese city of Nagasaki on August 9. Soon after the bombings, Japan surrendered, bringing World War II to a close. As the only use of atomic weapons in history, the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, which resulted in horrific devastation, have remained controversial, sparking intense debate.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424#t=1260.0,1290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424/annotation_set/1045/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA post exchange (abbreviated PX) is a shopping location, operated on a US military installation.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424#t=1350.0,1380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424/annotation_set/1045/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eStarting in the last half of the 19th century, Jim Crow laws were state and local laws that sought to disenfranchise and systemically oppress African Americans in the Southern United States. Two examples of the Jim Crow system were the segregation of schools and of transportation. Civil Rights activists fought against this systemic injustice for decades. Finally, the middle of the 20th century was marked by a series of landmark US Supreme Court cases and legislative action that ended the era of Jim Crow laws.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424#t=1560.0,1590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424/annotation_set/1045/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBenjamin Bentley Blackburn (b. 1927) was a U.S. Representative from Georgia. He served in that position from 1967-1975.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424#t=1620.0,1650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424/annotation_set/1045/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe 92nd Infantry Division was an African American unit of the US Army. First organized during World War I at Camp Funston, Kansas, the 92nd fought in Europe during World War II.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424#t=1650.0,1680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424/annotation_set/1045/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFormed in 1943, the 442nd Regimental Combat Team of the United States Army was composed of Japanese Americans from both the mainland United States and Hawaii. During World War II, they participated in many important battles in Europe, including in Italy and France. The families of many of its soldiers from the mainland were subject to incarceration by the US government solely due to being of Japanese descent. In 1944, the Japanese American 100th Infantry Battalion was incorporated into the 442nd. For its service length and size, the 100th/442nd became the most decorated unit in the history of the United States armed forces, including 21 Medal of Honor recipients.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424#t=1680.0,1710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424/annotation_set/1045/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCreating a mountainous border between regions of France and Italy, the Maritime Alps are the southernmost section of the Alps mountain range.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424#t=1710.0,1740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424/annotation_set/1045/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGainesville, known for its poultry industry, is a city and the seat of Hall County, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424#t=2190.0,2220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424/annotation_set/1045/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDecatur is a city in Georgia, United States. It is located northeast of Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424#t=2220.0,2250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424/annotation_set/1045/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Bronze Star Medal is a US Armed Forces medal in recognization of achievements or service in certain circumstances by a person (military or civilian) serving in any capacity with the armed forces.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424#t=2280.0,2310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424/annotation_set/1045/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Medal of Honor is the United States Armed Forces highest award. As it is presented by the US president in the name of Congress, the medal is also sometimes called the Congressional Medal of Honor.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424#t=2280.0,2310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424/annotation_set/1045/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOn October 5, 2010, President Barack Obama signed bill S. 1055, which granted the Congressional Gold Medal (according to history.house.gov, the Congressional Gold Medal is Congress’ “highest expression of national appreciation for distinguished achievements and contributions”) to the Japanese American WWII veterans of the 100th Infantry Battalion, the 442nd Regiment Combat Team, and the Military Intelligence Service. On November 2, 2011, the Congressional Gold Medal was officially presented to these three units.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424#t=2280.0,2310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424/annotation_set/1045/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIncorporated in 1992, the Japanese American Veterans Association (JAVA) is a veterans organizations with members who served in modern conflicts, including World War II and the Gulf War.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424#t=2340.0,2370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424/annotation_set/1045/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSouthwest Airlines is a low-cost carrier founded in Texas in 1967.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424#t=2430.0,2460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424/annotation_set/1045/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e The Rohwer Relocation Center was one of ten “relocation centers” where in all over 110,000 Japanese Americans were incarcerated during World War II. These “centers” were in fact prisons (now increasingly called concentration camps to reflect the targeted racism and forced incarceration endured by Americans of Japanese descent at these sites). The Rohwer Relocation Center was located outside of McGehee in Desha County, Arkansas.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424#t=2640.0,2670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424/annotation_set/1045/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLas Vegas is the largest city by population in Nevada, United States. Las Vegas is well-known for its nightlife and gambling activity.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424#t=2850.0,2880.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424/index/53086","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Doi, Jimmy [Index]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424/index/53086/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Family History; Farming in California; Pearl Harbor and Local Reactions","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424#t=21.0,587.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424/index/53086/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'd like to begin by asking a little bit about your own background, to maybe enhance some of the things that your brother said, when your family emigrated from Japan and why.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424#t=21.0,587.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424/index/53086/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Farming (California)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Immigration","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Japan","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Japanese American Communities (California)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Mexico","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Oxnard, California","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Pearl Harbor","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424#t=21.0,587.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424/index/53086/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"WWII Incarceration Due to Being of Japanese Descent (Tulare Assembly Center and Gila River Relocation Center); Living Conditions","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424#t=587.0,1251.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/89558/file/185424/index/53086/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But anyway . . . then, I believe when . . . they gave us two weeks to sell everything . . . you know, get business taken care of. Then we went to Tulare, California. Tulare was a county fairground . . . 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