{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/gt5fb4x722/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Tibor, Suzan Dollman"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["2002-11-17 (creation)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["Video"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source"]},"value":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum","Esther and Herbert Taylor Oral History Collection","Jewish Oral History Project of Atlanta"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eSuzan Dollman Tibor was interviewed by Ruth Einstein on November 17, 2002 in Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e (general)","\u003cp\u003eSuzan talks about her time in the Children’s Homes and other hiding spots during her early childhood where she was cared for by resistance members, the Jewish Federation, and the French OSE [Oeuvre de Secours aux Enfants]. She describes the conditions in which they lived and how, after the war, her mother found her and her sister lice-covered, shoeless, and with shaved heads. Suzan also remembers making friends in the Children’s Homes, but often being moved about so that she was never with one group of children too long.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFollowing the war, Suzan discusses waiting to immigrate to the United States. While her sister and some cousins were able to go in 1947 when family who had already moved came to get them, Suzan and her mother had to wait until 1951 when their papers finally went through.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eMost of the rest of the interview concerns adjusting to life in the United States. Suzan was 14 when they moved, and so entered high school upon her arrival to Atlanta, GA. She recalls struggling with language and being teased by other students. It was the help of a French teacher at Grady High School that allowed her to learn English and adjust a little bit more easily.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSuzan also talks about what is important to her in life—family—and how she keeps in touch with her three children and grandchildren.\u003c/p\u003e (scope content)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source Metadata URI"]},"value":{"en":["https://archivesspace.thebreman.org/repositories/2/archival_objects/28329"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject"]},"value":{"en":["Suzan (Suzanne) Dollman Tibor (personal name)","Peter Tibor (personal name)","Heleen Tibor (personal name)","Michael Tibor (personal name)","Mark Tibor (personal name)","Regine Dollman (personal name)","Oeuvre de Secours aux Enfants (OSE) (corporate name)","United Service Organizations (USO) (corporate name)","Henry W. Grady High School (corporate name)","Jewish Federation (corporate name)","Emory Hospital (corporate name)","United States Army (corporate name)","Antwerp, Belgium (geographic term)","Vienna, Austria (geographic term)","Grenoble, France (geographic term)","Paris, France (geographic term)","Atlanta, Georgia (geographic term)","Fort Gordon, Georgia (geographic term)","Buffalo, New York (geographic term)","United States of America (geographic term)","Hungary (geographic term)","Belgium (geographic term)","Holocaust (topical term)","World War II (topical term)","Children's Home (topical term)","Orthodox Judaism (topical term)","Holocaust Experience (topical term)","Cancer (topical term)","Korean Conflict (topical term)"]}}],"summary":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eSuzan Dollman Tibor was interviewed by Ruth Einstein on November 17, 2002 in Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSuzan talks about her time in the Children’s Homes and other hiding spots during her early childhood where she was cared for by resistance members, the Jewish Federation, and the French OSE [Oeuvre de Secours aux Enfants]. She describes the conditions in which they lived and how, after the war, her mother found her and her sister lice-covered, shoeless, and with shaved heads. Suzan also remembers making friends in the Children’s Homes, but often being moved about so that she was never with one group of children too long.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFollowing the war, Suzan discusses waiting to immigrate to the United States. While her sister and some cousins were able to go in 1947 when family who had already moved came to get them, Suzan and her mother had to wait until 1951 when their papers finally went through.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eMost of the rest of the interview concerns adjusting to life in the United States. Suzan was 14 when they moved, and so entered high school upon her arrival to Atlanta, GA. She recalls struggling with language and being teased by other students. It was the help of a French teacher at Grady High School that allowed her to learn English and adjust a little bit more easily.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSuzan also talks about what is important to her in life—family—and how she keeps in touch with her three children and grandchildren.\u003c/p\u003e"]},"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/103/954/small/Suzan_Tibor.png?1619304400","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35045/file/103954","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - Tibor_Suzan.mp4"]},"duration":1536.125,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/103/954/small/Suzan_Tibor.png?1619304400","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35045/file/103954/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35045/file/103954/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-thebreman.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/103/954/original/Tibor_Suzan.mp4?1609937035","type":"Video","format":"video/mp4","duration":1536.125,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35045/file/103954","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35045/file/103954/transcript/21513","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Tibor, Suzan [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35045/file/103954/transcript/21513/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"EINSTEIN: Okay, could you tell me what your name is now and what it was when\nyou were born?\n\nTIBOR: My name is Suzan Tibor and it was Suzan Dollmann before.\n\nEINSTEIN: \"S-U-Z-A-N\"?\n\nTIBOR: Actually it was \"S-U-Z-A-N-N-E\", and when I came to the United States,\nwe, when I became citizen, we kind of short cut. But it ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35045/file/103954#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35045/file/103954/transcript/21513/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"still goes by Suzan and\nevery, you know, instead of everybody saying \"Suzanne\", \"Suzan\".\n\nEINSTEIN: And where were you born?\n\nTIBOR: Antwerp, Belgium.\n\nEINSTEIN: In what year?\n\nTIBOR: 1937.\n\nEINSTEIN: And what do you remember about your early childhood?\n\nTIBOR: Well, not too much really, except that I was in Children's Home, from one\nChildren's Home to another all the time.\n\nEINSTEIN: Do you remember anything from before that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35045/file/103954#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35045/file/103954/transcript/21513/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"period? Anything from when\nyour family was together?\n\nTIBOR: Not really, no.\n\nEINSTEIN: So what, what are your first memories then from the Children's Homes?\n\nTIBOR: Well, some before the Children's Home when we were hidden in some of the\nplaces. I remember being hidden up in the attic with my, always with my sister,\nthank God, and, and then from one Children's Home to another. And ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35045/file/103954#t=60.0,90.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35045/file/103954/transcript/21513/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"then after the\nwar, I still was in a Children's Home so . . .\n\nEINSTEIN: So what, where was the attic? Where were you hidden first?\n\nTIBOR: Well, that was part of the last places was in Grenoble and, by an old\nlady and she had more than one child. And we were hidden, when the Germans came,\nwe went up to the attic, that's what I remember.\n\nEINSTEIN: So you were in Antwerp, and then your parents sent ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35045/file/103954#t=90.0,120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35045/file/103954/transcript/21513/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you--.\n\nTIBOR: Well, in Antwerp, then we went away and we went on to France. That I know\nbecause I didn't speak French, so that's where I learned how to speak French.\n\nEINSTEIN: Mmhm.\n\nTIBOR: But I . . . I was too young so I don't remember all the things, but I do\nremember being in one Children's Home after another.\n\nEINSTEIN: Do you remember how you felt being in those Children's Homes, what\nthat experience was like for you?\n\nTIBOR: Well it wasn't ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35045/file/103954#t=120.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35045/file/103954/transcript/21513/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"great, and we were always hungry, I remember that. And I\nwas always being with my sister, didn't know any better, didn't know having\nparents, you know.\n\nEINSTEIN: So your sister was always looking out for you?\n\nTIBOR: Right.\n\nEINSTEIN: Did you make friends in the Children's Homes?\n\nTIBOR: Yeah, yeah, we had friends, yeah.\n\nEINSTEIN: Was it the same group of kids that you sort of got shuttled around\ntogether or were you ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35045/file/103954#t=150.0,180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35045/file/103954/transcript/21513/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"separated?\n\nTIBOR: Sometimes it was different kids, actually. They moved us--I remember\nduring the night moving, being moved, and it was different children so you had\nto meet different children.\n\nEINSTEIN: What was that experience like for you to be--were you afraid when they\nwould move you from place to place?\n\nTIBOR: You know, I didn't even think about it at that time, when I think back\nnow, how come I wasn't afraid? But I don't know, they said, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35045/file/103954#t=180.0,210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35045/file/103954/transcript/21513/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"Go,\" and you went.\nYou know, you didn't ask questions really.\n\nEINSTEIN: Do you know who the adults were that were taking care of you?\n\nTIBOR: Well, I know mostly it was the Jewish Federation, and the OSE.\n\nEINSTEIN: Mmhm.\n\nTIBOR: So . . .\n\nEINSTEIN: So when was the first time that you remember seeing your mother?\n\nTIBOR: Right after the war when she came to pick us up, and we were in terrible\nshape. I mean lice and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35045/file/103954#t=210.0,240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35045/file/103954/transcript/21513/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"no shoes, no socks and they had to shave my head, and it\nwas awful. It was awful, really bad.\n\nEINSTEIN: And what did you--did you recognize your mother?\n\nTIBOR: Well I'm sure I did, I don't even remember that, but you know, I was with\nmy sister so she said that was my mother, you know . . . I was really young, the\nwar broke out, I was just three, really.\n\nEINSTEIN: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35045/file/103954#t=240.0,270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35045/file/103954/transcript/21513/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And then what happened when your mother came to meet you after the war?\n\nTIBOR: After the war, well, she picked us up and cleaned us up, and we went back\nto Antwerp. Then we went to live with my aunt,\n\nEINSTEIN: Which aunt?\n\nTIBOR: Aunt Sabine, and we all lived in one house. All the family, all the aunts\nand uncles and they--I mean not uncles, but the aunts and the cousins. Then ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35045/file/103954#t=270.0,300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35045/file/103954/transcript/21513/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"my\nuncle and aunt from the United States came and took my sister and my cousins to\nthe United States, and--\n\nEINSTEIN: And what were their names?\n\nTIBOR: I'm drawing a blank.\n\nEINSTEIN: The Roses?\n\nTIBOR: The Rose, yeah, Uncle Charles and Aunt Lou.\n\nEINSTEIN: Right. So they came to, to pick up Regine and you stayed--.\n\nTIBOR: And I stayed with my mother.\n\nEINSTEIN: Mmhm.\n\nTIBOR: But my mother worked in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35045/file/103954#t=300.0,330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35045/file/103954/transcript/21513/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a old age home, and she couldn't take care of me,\nso she put me back in the Children's Home. So I went back to a Children's Home,\nand I stayed there for two years. And it was a very religious, Orthodox\nChildren's Home, and that's where I learned everything, you know, Hebrew and\neverything Orthodox. And we stayed and that's--I guess we stayed, you know,\nthat's where we belonged to an Orthodox ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35045/file/103954#t=330.0,360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35045/file/103954/transcript/21513/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Shul.\n\nEINSTEIN: Do you remember how you felt being taken back to a Children's Home\nafter . . .?\n\nTIBOR: I did not like that, now I was older then, and I knew, but I didn't have\nany choice. My mother kept on saying--she would come and visit me on the\nweekend--and she would say, \"Well we're waiting for the papers, as soon as we\nget the papers, we're going to go to the\n\nUnited States.\" But it just took forever. The quota was closed, and we couldn't\ngo anywhere, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35045/file/103954#t=360.0,390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35045/file/103954/transcript/21513/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that's what happened. But I know that whenever my mother wanted\nto come on the weekend, and if it was a High Holiday, they wouldn't let her come\nbecause they were afraid she wasn't going to keep it Orthodox, as they do. So I\nremember that very well.\n\nEINSTEIN: And so this experience, you were in Children's Home now without your\nsister, without anyone.\n\nTIBOR: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35045/file/103954#t=390.0,420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35045/file/103954/transcript/21513/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I was on my own, but I made friends. And I knew I had a mother, so I\nwould see her, which was better than any of the other children that didn't have\nparents. And I still would see her on the weekend. That made a difference.\n\nEINSTEIN: Who were the other children who were in the Home with you? What had\ntheir experience been during the war?\n\nTIBOR: They also were torn from one place to the other and lost their parents.\nBecause that Children's Home ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35045/file/103954#t=420.0,450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35045/file/103954/transcript/21513/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was nothing but just children that didn't . . .\nthat lost their parents really.\n\nEINSTEIN: And this was in Antwerp or . . .?\n\nTIBOR: Yeah.\n\nEINSTEIN: In Antwerp.\n\nTIBOR: In Antwerp, yeah. Not far from where my mother's home was, that Old Age\nHome, it was actually, it was on the same street.\n\nEINSTEIN: So she came--\n\nTIBOR: She only came on the weekends,\n\nEINSTEIN: --weekends.\n\nTIBOR: --when she was off, yeah.\n\nEINSTEIN: I guess I'm curious, this Old Age Home, was it ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35045/file/103954#t=450.0,480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35045/file/103954/transcript/21513/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish?\n\nTIBOR: It was a Jewish Home, yeah.\n\nEINSTEIN: Hmm. Do you know how those people had survived the war? I'm just\ncurious, there were so few older Jewish--\n\nTIBOR: No, I really don't know, really don't know. I know it was a Children's\nHome--I mean an Old Age Home, and she was head, she was in charge of it.\n\nEINSTEIN: The papers came through then, I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35045/file/103954#t=480.0,510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35045/file/103954/transcript/21513/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"assume.\n\nTIBOR: In 1951.\n\nEINSTEIN: Mmhm.\n\nTIBOR: We were, I was, it was during the summer, and during the summer we went\non vacations. We went Bruges, and I found out that the papers came through. We\nused to go for two months during the summer and before school started, when\nschool was out. I heard from my mother and saying that we were leaving in\nSeptember, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35045/file/103954#t=510.0,540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35045/file/103954/transcript/21513/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so I was all excited. We came back, and she took me back, and we\nleft. We came to the States in 1951.\n\nEINSTEIN: Do you remember anything about the journey, coming to the United States?\n\nTIBOR: Oh yes. I was older, yes. It was very exciting and packed all kind of\nthings. We were on a boat for fifteen days, and I was sick the whole time. It\nwas miserable; it was a miserable experience, and I will never ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35045/file/103954#t=540.0,570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35045/file/103954/transcript/21513/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"go on a boat. I\nwon't go on a cruise because I still remember how sick I was. Though they say\nit's different now, but it was, it was pretty bad. We wound up in New York, and\nthen from New York, we came to Atlanta.\n\nEINSTEIN: What were your first impressions of the United States when you landed\nin New York, and you . . .?\n\nTIBOR: Well, not much, and we went right away to the train station. We came on,\nand we were on a train for eighteen hours, you ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35045/file/103954#t=570.0,600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35045/file/103954/transcript/21513/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"know, at that time.\n\nEINSTEIN: To come to Atlanta?\n\nTIBOR: Yeah.\n\nEINSTEIN: Straight to Atlanta?\n\nTIBOR: Straight to Atlanta.\n\nEINSTEIN: Do you remember what you thought about Atlanta when you got here?\n\nTIBOR: I remember the jello, that I couldn't figure out what that was, different\nfoods, you know, and different things. Of course, I couldn't understand a word\nthey were saying to me. I went to school here, and I had English the whole time,\nso it was quite an experience.\n\nEINSTEIN: So how old were you at that point?\n\nTIBOR: Fourteen and a half.\n\nEINSTEIN: Oh, so you ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35045/file/103954#t=600.0,630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35045/file/103954/transcript/21513/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were already a teenager.\n\nTIBOR: Mmhm.\n\nEINSTEIN: That's a tough time to come and try to--\n\nTIBOR: Try to adjust, adjust with other kids. Everybody was making fun, you\nknow, you know 'cause I couldn't understand a word they were saying to me. But I\nhad a French teacher, at Grady, and he was wonderful, and he helped me through,\nyou know, taught me English and so that helped. But I went ahead and graduated,\nmade it in four years, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35045/file/103954#t=630.0,660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35045/file/103954/transcript/21513/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so I did okay.\n\nEINSTEIN: And you had had some schooling after the war, in France?\n\nTIBOR: In Belgium.\n\nEINSTEIN: In Belgium.\n\nTIBOR: Yes, yeah.\n\nEINSTEIN: Okay. So you got here and, and started high school as a European. What\nabout your clothes? How did you adjust to American--\n\nTIBOR: Well you see my sister was here, and she gave me some of her clothes and\ndressed me. We lived with my sister and her husband. But her husband was in the\narmy, so it was my mother and my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35045/file/103954#t=660.0,690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35045/file/103954/transcript/21513/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sister. My mother went to work, and I went to\nschool, and we all lived together.\n\nEINSTEIN: Do you remember any stories from high school about trying to become\nAmerican or any memories from that time?\n\nTIBOR: Well, I remember, I had a girlfriend that was from Paris, France, and she\nalso spoke French, and so we were the two, sticking out ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35045/file/103954#t=690.0,720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35045/file/103954/transcript/21513/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"people. But that's, you\nknow, everybody was always wondering. They liked the accent, but you know,\ncouldn't always understand what they were saying, 'til it took a while.\n\nEINSTEIN: Did you also go to the New World?\n\nTIBOR: No, no.\n\nEINSTEIN: Who were your friends then, I mean how did you start making--\n\nTIBOR: From school.\n\nEINSTEIN: Just from school.\n\nTIBOR: Yeah. I had this girl from France and it's a funny story because I just\nmet ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35045/file/103954#t=720.0,750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35045/file/103954/transcript/21513/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"her, I mean, I just found out about her after not seeing her since high school.\n\nEINSTEIN: Wow.\n\nTIBOR: I just e-mailed her, so it's funny.\n\nEINSTEIN: Yeah. So what happened as you were completing high school then? What\ncame next?\n\nTIBOR: Well, I had made friends since high school, and I got married very young.\nI got married at nineteen. Graduated at eighteen, got married at ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35045/file/103954#t=750.0,780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35045/file/103954/transcript/21513/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"nineteen. I met\nmy husband who is from Vienna, Austria who came, he came in January, the same\nyear I did, I came in September. We met at the USO Jewish function that we went\nto the USO.\n\nEINSTEIN: And what appealed to you about--tell me his name.\n\nTIBOR: Peter Tibor. Peter Roland ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35045/file/103954#t=780.0,810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35045/file/103954/transcript/21513/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Tibor.\n\nEINSTEIN: He was born in Austria?\n\nTIBOR: Vienna, Austria.\n\nEINSTEIN: In Vienna. Do you know anything about his experiences, what about . . .\n\nTIBOR: Well he was also hidden during the war. I mean they moved to--they went\nto Hungary, and that's . . . from there, and they were hidden and then they came\nto the States to--\n\nEINSTEIN: Were they hidden as a family or was he by himself?\n\nTIBOR: I think they were hidden as a family because he never was by himself. He\nhas a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35045/file/103954#t=810.0,840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35045/file/103954/transcript/21513/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sister, who's still living, and I keep in touch with her.\n\nEINSTEIN: So Peter, then, was he about the same age as you?\n\nTIBOR: No, my husband was the same age as my sister, six years older.\n\nEINSTEIN: So you lived together until he . . .\n\nTIBOR: Actually, unfortunately, we were only married eight and a half years, and\nhe died of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35045/file/103954#t=840.0,870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35045/file/103954/transcript/21513/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"cancer. But, I have three kids.\n\nEINSTEIN: And their names?\n\nTIBOR: It's Heleen and Michael and Mark.\n\nEINSTEIN: Okay. I guess I'm wondering what you think about being hidden. What\ndoes that mean to you?\n\nTIBOR: Being hidden is no fun. Scary, it's a scary thing. You ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35045/file/103954#t=870.0,900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35045/file/103954/transcript/21513/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"always worry, you\nknow. It's just scary.\n\nEINSTEIN: Do you ever think about it now, I mean, are there ever any times when\nyou think about being . . .?\n\nTIBOR: For the longest time, I never could see, watch television with war\nstories 'cause I would have dreams, I would scream at night and it would affect\nme to that effect. But now, you know, you get older, you get used to it so it\ndoesn't affect you as much.\n\nEINSTEIN: Is there ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35045/file/103954#t=900.0,930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35045/file/103954/transcript/21513/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"any sense of being kind of within a society, but not being\npart of the society. I mean, do you know what I mean, like you're there but\nyou're somehow set apart?\n\nTIBOR: I was, I mean in a way. I was separate, I was separated from everybody\nexcept my sister, really.\n\nEINSTEIN: So you were very young when Peter ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35045/file/103954#t=930.0,960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35045/file/103954/transcript/21513/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"died. How did you make it?\n\nTIBOR: Well, I was twenty-eight when he died, and he died, he was thirty-three.\nI had a brand new baby, eight days old. It was rough, let me tell you, it was\nvery hard. But we made it. My kids all went to school and graduated from\ncollege, and all three have good jobs. Two of them are married, and I have ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35045/file/103954#t=960.0,990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35045/file/103954/transcript/21513/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"one\ngrandson. I think it turned out all right under my supervision.\n\nEINSTEIN: How did you--did you go back to work at that point or how did you keep\nthe family?\n\nTIBOR: Yes, well actually I went back part-time when Marc was small. When at\nthree, the doctor decided he was just so ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35045/file/103954#t=990.0,1020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35045/file/103954/transcript/21513/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"attached to me that it was time for me\nto go to work, so I went to work. I went to work at Emory actually and I've been\nthere for thirty-two years, so I still, not in the same place but.\n\nEINSTEIN: Where do you work there?\n\nTIBOR: I, right now I work in pediatrics and I've been there for eighteen years\nso, but I've been at Emory itself about thirty-three.\n\nEINSTEIN: Wonderful. When ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35045/file/103954#t=1020.0,1050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35045/file/103954/transcript/21513/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you think about your life, what are you most proud of?\n\nTIBOR: What am I most proud of? That my kids turned out, that they have good\njobs and a good education. That I was able to provide for them, to give them that.\n\nEINSTEIN: What does family mean to you?\n\nTIBOR: Very important. Every Friday night I usually have some of the kids ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35045/file/103954#t=1050.0,1080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35045/file/103954/transcript/21513/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and we\nhave Friday night dinner. Next Friday I have my daughter--my son and my\ndaughter-in-law, the baby. My other son and my daughter and her husband try to\nmake it once a month at least, so we, we get together pretty often. We get\ntogether for everybody's birthdays, and we celebrate. We're a very close knit family.\n\nEINSTEIN: And what's it like being the little sister now you have Regine here\nand ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35045/file/103954#t=1080.0,1110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35045/file/103954/transcript/21513/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lucy, your cousin Lucy and your--\n\nTIBOR: Well you know, you don't feel as little any more, you've come up to their\nstandards. I mean it just, you've grown up, you have your own family, and it's\nfunny. You're, not considered any more the little sister like when you were small.\n\nEINSTEIN: And you're still helping to take care of your mom.\n\nTIBOR: Oh yes, yeah, my sister and I take turns.\n\nEINSTEIN: Did you ever ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35045/file/103954#t=1110.0,1140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35045/file/103954/transcript/21513/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"talk to her much about that, or did she ever talk with\nyou about her experiences during the war and the years right after?\n\nTIBOR: No, she never talked about it, no.\n\nEINSTEIN: Never?\n\nTIBOR: No, not really. And now she's forgotten a lot of it too so.\n\nEINSTEIN: I guess I'm just sort of wondering how you as a family put those years\ninto some kind of context. Whether you were able ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35045/file/103954#t=1140.0,1170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35045/file/103954/transcript/21513/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to deal with it kind of as a\nfamily, as a family event?\n\nTIBOR: No, not really 'cause we weren't together, you know? We were always\nseparated. Then my life, you know, my childhood, was never with my parents. I\nwas really always separate so . . .\n\nEINSTEIN: Well how did you know how to be a parent if you didn't have anybody\nreally modeling that?\n\nTIBOR: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35045/file/103954#t=1170.0,1200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35045/file/103954/transcript/21513/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well it's just like, you know, when you have a mother-in-law that's\nimpossible, you decide you're going to be better, you know. When you don't have\nit, you try to, you know, to be a better parent yourself.\n\nEINSTEIN: What did you enjoy the most about raising your children?\n\nTIBOR: Being with them and seeing them grow up.\n\nEINSTEIN: Was there ever any sense of--I mean coming from more of a European\nculture ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35045/file/103954#t=1200.0,1230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35045/file/103954/transcript/21513/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that your children grew up here as Americans, was there ever any time\nwhen you might have seen things a little differently from them as a culture?\n\nTIBOR: Well I would say, would their father would have lived, I always say that,\nit would have been a different life because he was so much European. His\nthinking, you know, was different and it would have been different, I'm sure.\n\nEINSTEIN: How was his thinking different?\n\nTIBOR: Well he was just so, not ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35045/file/103954#t=1230.0,1260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35045/file/103954/transcript/21513/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Americanized, he all believed--I know when he\ndied--he was in charge of everything. He was in charge of buying my clothes, he\nwas in charge of the check book, he was in charge--when he died, I was left\nstranded. I had to be my own person. It was very hard. I learned that, real quick.\n\nEINSTEIN: Right. Did he ever talk much about his childhood or what life was like\nfor him?\n\nTIBOR: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35045/file/103954#t=1260.0,1290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35045/file/103954/transcript/21513/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"No, he was very close to his mother and to his sister, and--\n\nEINSTEIN: And his mother survived also?\n\nTIBOR: Yeah, his mother survived, but she passed away now. It's been awhile.\n\nEINSTEIN: What about his father?\n\nTIBOR: Oh, he died too.\n\nEINSTEIN: But when, I mean, did he die--did he survive,\n\nTIBOR: No, he died, he died--\n\nEINSTEIN: --during the war?\n\nTIBOR: Right after the war.\n\nEINSTEIN: Right after the war.\n\nTIBOR: He had a heart attack, yeah.\n\nEINSTEIN: Was Peter the only one here in Atlanta of his family? Did he--\n\nTIBOR: Yes, he was the only one that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35045/file/103954#t=1290.0,1320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35045/file/103954/transcript/21513/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"came to Atlanta.\n\nEINSTEIN: Why did he come here?\n\nTIBOR: Actually, he didn't come here, he was in the army. He was stationed at\nFort Gordon, so that's how come he came to Atlanta. They lived in Buffalo, his\nmother and his sister.\n\nEINSTEIN: When did his family come to the United States?\n\nTIBOR: Nineteen, also in January, 1951.\n\nEINSTEIN: And did they--\n\nTIBOR: But they lived in Buffalo.\n\nEINSTEIN: So he came here ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35045/file/103954#t=1320.0,1350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35045/file/103954/transcript/21513/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and right away was drafted?\n\nTIBOR: Right.\n\nEINSTEIN: That's kind of ironic, I guess, I'd have to say, yeah. So he was\nserving in the military during the Korean conflict?\n\nTIBOR: Right.\n\nEINSTEIN: Then and came here and that's how you met.\n\nTIBOR: That's how we met, mmhm.\n\nEINSTEIN: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35045/file/103954#t=1350.0,1380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35045/file/103954/transcript/21513/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What impact did your experience during the war and your family's\nexperience during the Holocaust have on your life?\n\nTIBOR: Well I would say, it helped me grow up quickly. Some of the things that\nare important to me, family and I think . . . my children have learned that,\nthat it's very important, family life is very ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35045/file/103954#t=1380.0,1410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35045/file/103954/transcript/21513/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"important to all of us. I don't\nknow what else to say. That's most important is family, to be together, and, and\nwe try to do that.\n\nEINSTEIN: Well you had a very nice support system here in Atlanta. Your sister\nis here, your cousin, your mother. Did that help you especially as you were\ndealing with this?\n\nTIBOR: Oh yes, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35045/file/103954#t=1410.0,1440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35045/file/103954/transcript/21513/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"my family helped a lot. I never would have made it without my\nfamily. If you don't have a family, and you're all by yourself, and you have so\nmany heartaches. When my husband died, nine years later, my son came down with\nleukemia, so that was another hit, and it was very hard, and if it wouldn't be\nfor my family, I don't think I ever would have made it, but it helped a lot. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35045/file/103954#t=1440.0,1470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35045/file/103954/transcript/21513/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It\nreally did. And things are important, that's why things are very important to me.\n\nEINSTEIN: Well do you have anything that you would like to say to your children,\nyour family, your sister, anyone, now that we have the tape rolling--\n\nTIBOR: No.\n\nEINSTEIN: --is there anything?\n\nTIBOR: No, no.\n\nEINSTEIN: You say you express your closeness every day, I'm sure.\n\nTIBOR: Yeah, we are very close. We belong to the same ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35045/file/103954#t=1470.0,1500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35045/file/103954/transcript/21513/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"synagogue, we belong to\nthe same Hadassah group. We do things together a lot. We go on vacation\ntogether. We really do a lot of things together.\n\nEINSTEIN: Well, you know, it was very sweet looking through the albums and\nthere're vacations at the beach when your little, tiny, tiny children, and then\nthe vacations at the beach--\n\nTIBOR: --later.\n\nEINSTEIN: --later, all together.\n\nTIBOR: Right.\n\nEINSTEIN: Yeah. Well I want to thank-you very, very ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35045/file/103954#t=1500.0,1530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35045/file/103954/transcript/21513/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"much for agreeing to do this interview.\n\nTIBOR: Well you're welcome.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35045/file/103954#t=1530.0,1560.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35045/file/103954/annotation_set/298","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Annotations [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35045/file/103954/annotation_set/298/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWhen the Germans conquered Belgium in May 1940, between 65,000 and 70,000 Jews lived in Belgium. The overwhelming majority were foreign and stateless Jews that had sought refuge in Belgium. In the summer of 1940, some German Jews were deported from Belgium to the Gurs and St. Cyprien internment camps in southern France. The overwhelming majority were immigrants and refugees. Approximately 29,000 Jews in Belgium perished during the Holocaust.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35045/file/103954#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35045/file/103954/annotation_set/298/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIn Belgium, resistance movements rescued approximately 4,000 Jewish children in Belgium by hiding them in monasteries, hospitals, orphanages, boarding schools, or private homes. One resistance organization in particular, the \u003cem\u003eComité de Défense des Juifs\u003c/em\u003e [French: Committee for the Defense of Jews, or CDJ], succeeded in saving between 3,000 and 4,000 of the estimated 5,000 children who became hidden children in Belgium. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35045/file/103954#t=60.0,90.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35045/file/103954/annotation_set/298/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGrenoble, France was an important center for resistance against the Nazis and the recue of children. During the war, it was first occupied by the Italians and then by the Germans. The Gestapo were a large presence in the city near the end of the war as they worked on arresting members of the Resistance.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35045/file/103954#t=90.0,120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35045/file/103954/annotation_set/298/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThere are Jewish federations in most major cities.  Their function is to fundraise for the Jewish community centrally and disperse it throughout the Jewish community (locally, nationally and internationally) rather than each Jewish institution trying to raise money individually.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35045/file/103954#t=210.0,240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35045/file/103954/annotation_set/298/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAfter the German invasion of France, efforts were made by various groups to hide Jewish children. Wherever possible, efforts were made to send them on to safety in other countries such as Switzerland and the United States. One of the most active organizations in this effort was \u003cem\u003eOeuvre de Secours aux Enfants\u003c/em\u003e [French: Children’s Relief Work, or OSE], a French Jewish humanitarian organization that saved hundreds of refugee children during World War II. OSE is a worldwide Jewish organization for health care and children's welfare. It was founded in Russia in 1912 and transferred to France in 1933. OSE gave assistance to children and adults in as many as fifteen towns and the internment camps in southern France. The first \u003cem\u003eOeuvre de Secours aux Enfants\u003c/em\u003e [French: Children’s Relief Work, or OSE] home was in Montmorency, a town located 15.3 km (9.5 mi) north of the center of Paris. As the Nazis approached Paris in 1940, all the homes were transferred to the unoccupied zone in southern France.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCare was given to about one thousand three hundred children—some orphans and some whose families had placed them in these facilities. Some of the children were French but many were refugees that had come from Germany, Belgium, Austria, Poland and other European countries. Other children were released from French internment camps, such as Gurs and Rivesaltes, and taken to OSE children's homes while awaiting emigration. However, both the French and American governments were slow in processing the visas and some children had to wait a full year before they received the necessary papers.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAfter the German movement into southern France in 1941, OSE went underground but continued to hide children and transfer them to Switzerland or smuggled them to safety outside of Europe when that was possible. From June through September 1941, three transports managed to bring about 200 children from the OSE homes to the U.S.  They were sponsored by the United States Committee for the Care of European Children, The Jewish Children's Aid, and assisted by the American Friends Service Committee (Quakers) in Marseilles. \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe first convoy of 111 children left the Marseilles train station at the end of May 1941. They were accompanied by OSE workers Isaac and Masha Chomski, who coordinated the transport with the assistance of Morris Troper of the JDC as well as the American Friends Service Committee. The train stopped briefly at the Oloron train station, located outside the Gurs concentration camp, so that the children could say a final goodbye to their parents. The children had saved their morning food rations and presented them to their parents as a gift, to the amazement of all the adults present. The brief reunion was traumatic for both the children and the parents, and OSE decided to discontinue the practice on future convoys. From France, the children traveled to Portugal by way of Spain. In Lisbon they boarded the \u003cem\u003eSS Mouzinho\u003c/em\u003e, which sailed on June 10, 1941.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe second transport set sail on the \u003cem\u003eS.S. Mouzinho\u003c/em\u003e from Lisbon, Spain on August 20, 1941 with 625 passengers on board, 611 of whom were immigrants. Two Portuguese men were recorded on the ship’s manifest as stowaways who were then “held for special inquiry upon arrival.” It arrived in the US on September 1, 1941 but was unable to disembark until the following day as the first was Labor Day.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003cbr\u003eA third transport of children also left Lisbon in September 1941 aboard the Serpa Pinto. In all, the transports that left France for America rescued 311 children. Altogether, the OSE sheltered and assisted in getting nearly 1,600 Jewish children out Nazi-occupied areas.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35045/file/103954#t=210.0,240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35045/file/103954/annotation_set/298/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOrthodox Judaism is a traditional branch of Judaism that strictly follows the Written \u003cem\u003eTorah\u003c/em\u003e and the Oral Law concerning prayer, dress, food, sex, family relations, social behavior, the Sabbath day, holidays and more. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35045/file/103954#t=330.0,360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35045/file/103954/annotation_set/298/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eShul\u003c/em\u003e is a Yiddish word for synagogue that is derived from a German word meaning “school,” and emphasizes the synagogue's role as a place of study. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35045/file/103954#t=360.0,390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35045/file/103954/annotation_set/298/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJello is a brand in the United States that has come to be the common word for gelatin food products.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35045/file/103954#t=600.0,630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35045/file/103954/annotation_set/298/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHenry W. Grady High School is located in Atlanta, Georgia, United States. It is one of the first two high schools established by Atlanta Public Schools in 1872.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35045/file/103954#t=630.0,660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35045/file/103954/annotation_set/298/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBefore World War II, the overwhelming majority of Austrian Jews lived in Vienna, which was an important center of Jewish culture, Zionism, and education. In 1938, some 170,000 Jews lived in Vienna, Austria, as well as approximately 80,000 persons of mixed Jewish-Christian background. After Austria was annexed by Nazi Germany in March 1938, the Nazis quickly applied anti-Jewish policies to Vienna. Jewish organizations and universities were shut down. Jews were barred from many professions and forced to wear a yellow badge.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Nazis encouraged emigration and, by the summer of 1939, nearly half the Jewish population had left Vienna. Emigration was not easy, however. Those seeking exit visas and necessary other documentation had to stand in long lines, night and day, in front of municipal, police, and passport offices. Would-be emigrants were forced to pay an exit fee and to register all of their immovable and most of their movable property, which was confiscated concurrent with their departure from the country.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOnly 2,000 Viennese Jews survived deportations during the war, along with about 800 Jews who managed to hide.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAfter the war, the city was under joint Allied occupation. After the city was liberated in April 1945, there were 17,000 Jews in the city, most of whom were Hungarian Jews or other refugees. Between 1945 and 1952, other Jewish displaced persons, who looked towards the American Army for services and protection, rather than towards the Austrian government, augmented their numbers. After the Kielce pogrom in the summer of 1946, Jews fleeing Poland flooded into Vienna. Some 52,000 individuals passed through Vienna. In response to the overcrowding, more DP camps were opened in Austria, with Vienna often serving as a transit point.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35045/file/103954#t=780.0,810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35045/file/103954/annotation_set/298/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe United Service Organizations Inc. (USO) is a private, nonprofit organization that provides morale and recreational services to members of the United States military, with programs in 160 centers worldwide. Since 1941, it has worked in partnership with the Department of Defense (DOD), and has provided support and entertainment to U.S. armed forces, relying heavily on private contributions and on funds, goods, and services from DOD. Although congressionally chartered, it is not a government agency.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35045/file/103954#t=780.0,810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35045/file/103954/annotation_set/298/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIn the period between World War I and World War II, Hungarian Jews were violently persecuted. Anti-Jewish legislation began in 1920, when Hungary had passed one of the first antisemitic laws in Europe. Persecution continued in the 1930's with a series of “Jewish Laws” that restricted the number of Jews in universities, liberal professions, administration, and commerce. Hungarian racial laws passed between 1938 and 1941 were modeled on Germany’s Nuremberg Laws.  The new laws reversed the equal citizenship granted to Jews in Hungary in 1867. Among other provisions, the laws defined “Jews” in so-called racial terms, forbade intermarriage between Jews and non-Jews, and excluded Jews from full participation in various professions. The laws also barred employment of Jews in the civil service and restricted their opportunities in economic life. By 1939, many Hungarian Jews had converted to Christianity to combat the loss of work and poverty.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Hungarian government began to build an alliance with Nazi Germany soon after Hitler came to power in 1933. The result of that relationship was the annexation of regions from Slovakia, Romania and Yugoslavia that had belonged to Hungary prior to World War II. In October 1940, Hungary had officially aligned itself with Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy. By 1941, Hungary’s Jewish population had thus swelled to over 800,000. Although the Hungarian Jews were subjected to wide-ranging discrimination and persecution and tens of thousands were killed, the majority lived in relative safety for much of the war. Initially, the Hungarian government refused to deport the Jews of Hungary.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn 1939, the Hungarian government, having forbidden Jews to serve in the armed forces, established a forced-labor service for young men of arms-bearing age. By 1940, the obligation to perform forced labor was extended to all able-bodied male Jews. After Hungary entered the war, the forced laborers, organized in labor battalions under the command of Hungarian military officers, were deployed on war-related construction work, often under brutal conditions. Subjected to extreme cold, without adequate shelter, food, or medical care, at least 27,000 Hungarian Jewish forced laborers died before the German occupation of Hungary in March 1944.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn the summer of 1941, Hungarian authorities required all Jews in the area to obtain valid Hungarian citizenship papers. \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHungarian units suffered tremendous losses during the German defeat at Stalingrad on the eastern front in 1942–1943 and the alliance with Germany began to weaken. After the defeat, Hungarian Admiral Miklos Horthy and Prime Minister Miklos Kallay recognized that Germany would likely lose the war. With Horthy's tacit approval, Kallay tried to negotiate a separate armistice for Hungary with the western Allies. To prevent these efforts and losing the territory, German forces occupied Hungary on March 19, 1944. Horthy was permitted to remain as Regent. Kallay was dismissed and the Germans installed General Dome Sztojay as prime minister. Sztojay had previously served as Hungarian minister to Berlin and was fanatically pro-German. He committed Hungary to continuing the war effort and cooperated with the Germans in their efforts to deport the Hungarian Jews.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDespite antisemitic restrictions and the execution of some 20,000 Jews who had not obtained Hungarian citizenship in 1942, most Hungarian Jews were spared deportation prior to the German occupation of the country in 1944, as the Nazis did not directly control the internal activities of their allies and Hungary had initially refused to deport its Jewish population.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAs early as May 1938, Hungary had adopted comprehensive anti-Jewish laws and measures. In 1941, racial laws that were modeled on Germany’s Nuremberg Laws were introduced. Among other provisions, the laws defined \"Jews\" in so-called racial terms, forbade intermarriage between Jews and non-Jews, excluded Jews from full participation in various professions, and restricted their opportunities in economic life. Until the German occupation in March 1944, however, Jews were not required to wear yellow stars.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAuthorities commenced issuing anti-Jewish decrees immediately after the German occupation in March 1944. The Germans isolated the Jewish population from the outside world by restricting their movement and confiscating their telephones and radios. Jewish communities were forced to wear the yellow star on their clothing. Jewish property and businesses were seized, and from mid- to late April the Jews of Hungary were forced into short-lived ghettos.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn April 1944, Hungarian authorities ordered Hungarian Jews living outside Budapest (roughly 500,000) to concentrate in certain cities, usually regional government seats. Hungarian gendarmes were sent into the rural regions to round up the Jews and dispatch them to the cities, where makeshift ghettos were established. None of these ghettos existed for more than a few weeks and many were liquidated within days.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn mid-May 1944, the Hungarian authorities, in coordination with the German Security Police, began to systematically deport the Hungarian Jews. In May, deportations began. In just eight weeks, more than 420,000 Jews were deported to Auschwitz-Birkenau. Most were murdered on arrival. When the fiercely antisemitic Arrow Cross party came to power in October 1944, thousands of Jews from Budapest were murdered and tens of thousands more were sent on death marches.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBy the time the Soviet army liberated Hungary in April 1945, up to 568,000 Hungarian Jews had perished.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to a 1941 census, Hungary, including the recently annexed territories, had a Jewish population of 825,000—less than 6 percent of the total population. About 63,000 died or were killed prior to the German occupation in March 1944. Under German occupation, just over 500,000 died from maltreatment or were murdered. Some 255,000 Jews, less than one-third of those who had lived within enlarged Hungary in March 1944, survived the Holocaust. About 190,000 of these were residents of Hungary in its 1920 borders.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35045/file/103954#t=810.0,840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35045/file/103954/annotation_set/298/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEmory Hospital has been operating in Atlanta, Georgia for over a century. Beginning as Wesley Memorial Hospital in 1904 in a mansion in downtown Atlanta, the hospital moved to its current spot on the Emory University Campus in 1922. The hospital became known as Emory University Hospital in the 1930s. Today, the hospital is staffed by the Emory University School of Medicine faculty and is one of the nations leading hospitals in many fields.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35045/file/103954#t=1020.0,1050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35045/file/103954/annotation_set/298/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFort Gordon is a military base in Georgia, USA. It began operations during World War II where it hosted infantry an armor trainings. It became a prisoner of war camp in 1943, housing German and Italian POWs. Fort Cordon became relevant again during the Korean conflict. It was also home to, during this time, the only Army Criminal Investigation Laboratory in the USA. Basic U.S. Army Training took place at the fort beginning in 1957 and saw much use in training during the Vietnam War. Today, Fort Gordon operates as a U.S. Army Cyber Center.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35045/file/103954#t=1320.0,1350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35045/file/103954/annotation_set/298/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Korean Conflict is an as of yet continuing conflict over the division of Korea into North and South Korea.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35045/file/103954#t=1350.0,1380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35045/file/103954/annotation_set/298/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Holocaust was the systematic, government-sponsored attempt by the Germans to annihilate the Jews of Europe between 1939 and 1945, which resulted in the deaths of nearly 6,000,000 Jews.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35045/file/103954#t=1380.0,1410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35045/file/103954/annotation_set/298/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eHadassah\u003c/em\u003e, the Women’s Zionist Organization of America, is a volunteer organization founded in 1912 by Henrietta Szold, with more than 300,000 members and supporters worldwide. It supports health care and medical research, education and youth programs in Israel, and advocacy, education, and leadership development in the United States. \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eHadassah\u003c/em\u003e Greater Atlanta (HGA), the metro Atlanta chapter of \u003cem\u003eHadassah\u003c/em\u003e, was founded in 1916.  \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35045/file/103954#t=1500.0,1530.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35045/file/103954/index/47536","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Tibor, Suzan [Index]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35045/file/103954/index/47536/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Early Life","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35045/file/103954#t=5.0,68.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35045/file/103954/index/47536/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Okay, could you tell me what your name is now and what it was when you were born?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35045/file/103954#t=5.0,68.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35045/file/103954/index/47536/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Antwerp, Belgium","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Children's Home","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Orphanage","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Suzan Dollman Tibor","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35045/file/103954#t=5.0,68.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35045/file/103954/index/47536/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Living in Children's Homes","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35045/file/103954#t=68.0,228.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35045/file/103954/index/47536/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So what, what are your first memories then from the Children's Homes?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35045/file/103954#t=68.0,228.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35045/file/103954/index/47536/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Antwerp, Belgium","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Children's Homes","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Grenoble, France","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hunger","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish Federation","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Oeuvre de Secours aux Enfants (OSE)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Orphanage","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35045/file/103954#t=68.0,228.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35045/file/103954/index/47536/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Reuniting with Her Mother and Family","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35045/file/103954#t=228.0,325.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35045/file/103954/index/47536/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So when was the first time that you remember seeing your mother?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35045/file/103954#t=228.0,325.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35045/file/103954/index/47536/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Antwerp, Belgium","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Charles Rose","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lou Rose","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Regine Dollman","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"World War 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