{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/gm81j9944t/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Goldberg, Carole"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["2006-05-03 (captured)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Agent"]},"value":{"en":["Goldberg, Carole (Interviewee)","Schneider, Bonnie (Interviewer)","Einstein, Ruth (Interviewer)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Language"]},"value":{"en":["English (primary)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["video"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source"]},"value":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum","Esther and Herbert Taylor Oral History Collection","Jewish Oral History Project of Atlanta"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eCarole Goldberg is interviewed by Bonnie Schneider and Ruth Einstein on May 3, 2006 in Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e (general)","\u003cp\u003eCarole Louise Brockey Goldberg was born in July 1936 in New Jersey. She was the oldest of two daughters born to Harold Brockey (1909-1991) and Claire Green Brockey (1914-1993). In 1949, her family moved to Atlanta, where Harold was employed by Macy’s Department Store and later became an executive at Rich’s Department Store. The family quickly settled into life in Atlanta, attending the Temple and socializing at the Standard Club and the Commerce Club.\u003cbr\u003eAfter graduating from the Westminster Schools, Carole attended Skidmore College in New York. In 1956, she married Joel Goldberg (1925-2010), who also became an executive at Rich’s Department Store. They had three children, Jeff, James and Debra. Carole and Joel were active members of the Atlanta community, serving on numerous boards in various leadership positions. Among other organizations, Carole has been active in the American Jewish Committee and Jewish Federation of Greater Atlanta, and served on the boards of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum, the Atlanta Ballet, and the Gold Key Foundation.\u003c/p\u003e (bioghist)","\u003cp\u003eCarole recollects moving to Atlanta. She remembers some examples of changes in Atlanta during the Civil Rights Movement. Carole describes what social opportunities existed for Jews in 1950s Atlanta. She talks about her parents, her education and schools in Atlanta. Carole reminisces about how her Jewish identity developed, from summer camp to learning about the Holocaust. Carole considers the importance of Israel and learning from history. She details some of her and her husband’s service in the Jewish community as well as interactions with the non-Jewish community. Carole considers her attachment to Judaism despite the divisions and discrimination she has witnessed. Carole remembers meeting her husband and recalls old friends. She mentions the impact of the Leo Frank trial on the Jewish community.\u003c/p\u003e (scope content)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}}],"summary":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eCarole Goldberg is interviewed by Bonnie Schneider and Ruth Einstein on May 3, 2006 in Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCarole Louise Brockey Goldberg was born in July 1936 in New Jersey. She was the oldest of two daughters born to Harold Brockey (1909-1991) and Claire Green Brockey (1914-1993). In 1949, her family moved to Atlanta, where Harold was employed by Macy\u0026rsquo;s Department Store and later became an executive at Rich\u0026rsquo;s Department Store. The family quickly settled into life in Atlanta, attending the Temple and socializing at the Standard Club and the Commerce Club.\u003cbr /\u003eAfter graduating from the Westminster Schools, Carole attended Skidmore College in New York. In 1956, she married Joel Goldberg (1925-2010), who also became an executive at Rich\u0026rsquo;s Department Store. They had three children, Jeff, James and Debra. Carole and Joel were active members of the Atlanta community, serving on numerous boards in various leadership positions. Among other organizations, Carole has been active in the American Jewish Committee and Jewish Federation of Greater Atlanta, and served on the boards of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum, the Atlanta Ballet, and the Gold Key Foundation.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCarole recollects moving to Atlanta. She remembers some examples of changes in Atlanta during the Civil Rights Movement. Carole describes what social opportunities existed for Jews in 1950s Atlanta. She talks about her parents, her education and schools in Atlanta. Carole reminisces about how her Jewish identity developed, from summer camp to learning about the Holocaust. Carole considers the importance of Israel and learning from history. She details some of her and her husband\u0026rsquo;s service in the Jewish community as well as interactions with the non-Jewish community. Carole considers her attachment to Judaism despite the divisions and discrimination she has witnessed. Carole remembers meeting her husband and recalls old friends. She mentions the impact of the Leo Frank trial on the Jewish community.\u003c/p\u003e"]},"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/292/908/small/Goldberg_Carole.mp4_1759259544.jpg?1759259545","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - Goldberg_Carole.mp4"]},"duration":2509.507,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/292/908/small/Goldberg_Carole.mp4_1759259544.jpg?1759259545","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-thebreman.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/292/908/original/Goldberg_Carole.mp4?1759259543","type":"Video","format":"video/mp4","duration":2509.507,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/transcript/84664","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Goldberg, Carole [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/transcript/84664/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSchneider:\u003c/strong\u003e [Tell us] your name just on camera.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=0.0,3.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/transcript/84664/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGoldberg:\u003c/strong\u003e Carole Brockey Goldberg.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=3.0,6.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/transcript/84664/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSchneider:\u003c/strong\u003e When we do the interview, just look right at me. Do not look at the camera. Okay.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=6.0,10.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/transcript/84664/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGoldberg:\u003c/strong\u003e Okay.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=10.0,10.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/transcript/84664/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSchneider:\u003c/strong\u003e Okay. Okay, the first question is: what drew your family to settle in Atlanta or in Georgia?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=10.0,15.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/transcript/84664/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGoldberg:\u003c/strong\u003e My father was with the Macy Corporation, and he was asked to come from New York, and get some branch store experience. So, down to Atlanta we came. At that time, it was called Davison's. Within nine months, Rich's offered him a job. We had a family pow-wow and decided we all loved Atlanta so much we didn't want to go back to New Jersey. And we stayed.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=15.0,41.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/transcript/84664/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSchneider:\u003c/strong\u003e What year was that?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=41.0,44.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/transcript/84664/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGoldberg:\u003c/strong\u003e We moved here in 1949. That was early 1950.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=44.0,59.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/transcript/84664/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSchneider:\u003c/strong\u003e Can you talk about what Atlanta was like, what your first impressions were like when you came here then?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=59.0,67.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/transcript/84664/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGoldberg:\u003c/strong\u003e I thought it was going to be people walking around with mule wagons and no shoes. It was green and lush, gracious. I had grown up in a town in northern New Jersey where there were no Jewish people, and suddenly I had a group of Jewish friends, and I just thought that was wonderful. I started at North Fulton High School, and standing in line at the telephone the very first day, I met a girl, and we introduced ourselves. She said, \"I'm Deedie Levy,\" and I said, \"Oh, you're Jewish.\" And that friendship remains to this day. It was everything we thought a city should be, [but with] lots less traffic. I didn't experience ... certainly not any antisemitism. We were not aware of the race issue as such, except I remember at first getting on a bus, 'Colored sit from rear.' I remember going into department stores, 'Colored drink from this fountain.' It wasn't what I had been exposed to before, but that seemed to be the way they were doing it. It didn't get until a little later that it aroused me.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=67.0,149.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/transcript/84664/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSchneider:\u003c/strong\u003e How do you think your parents adjusted and your sister adjusted to Atlanta?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=149.0,154.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/transcript/84664/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGoldberg:\u003c/strong\u003e They loved it. They truly loved it. I think part of the reason that Atlanta has been so successful is its imports. There were people, even then, here from all over, and it was not a strictly Southern city. It had the graciousness of a Southern city, but there was a good cosmopolitan mix. Atlantans always thought they could do everything and there was great moral code. Somebody asked me one day, \"Who do you know that's ever done anything right because it was the right thing to do?\" Atlanta's leadership in those days did what was right because it was right thing to do. There were a lot of people who were involved shortly after in Civil Rights, who personally may have had other feelings, but they did the right thing just because.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=154.0,208.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/transcript/84664/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSchneider:\u003c/strong\u003e Do you remember back when you first moved here, what the Temple ... Was it the Temple?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=208.0,213.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/transcript/84664/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGoldberg:\u003c/strong\u003e It was the Temple.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=213.0,214.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/transcript/84664/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSchneider:\u003c/strong\u003e What was that like back then?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=214.0,218.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/transcript/84664/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGoldberg:\u003c/strong\u003e Rabbi [Jacob] Rothschild was the rabbi. There was no Hebrew. There were no bar or bat mitzvahs. Rabbi Rothschild strongly believed in what is known in Reformed Jewry as the Pittsburgh Platform, and there was an intellectual rationale behind what he wanted for this Temple. Martin Luther King, [Jr.] was a good friend of his. He stood up for him. Martin Luther King, [Jr.] came to services.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=218.0,248.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/transcript/84664/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSchneider:\u003c/strong\u003e Do you remember seeing him?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=248.0,249.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/transcript/84664/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGoldberg:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, I do.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=249.0,250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/transcript/84664/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSchneider:\u003c/strong\u003e What were your impressions of him?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=250.0,253.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/transcript/84664/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGoldberg:\u003c/strong\u003e We were proud to have him there. The congregants probably thought, \"Oh, couldn't he be a little more understated or quiet about this?\" People were frightened. On a one-to-one basis, except for a very few, they didn't mix socially, but there was always a large, educated middle class in Atlanta. It wasn't so much segregation that they were afraid of. It was the rabble-rousers from the white community that frightened them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=253.0,286.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/transcript/84664/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSchneider:\u003c/strong\u003e That is interesting. This is a question they asked, if your family were German Jews?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=286.0,293.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/transcript/84664/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGoldberg:\u003c/strong\u003e My family were Dutch Jews and part of my father's family was German, but I had never known this kind of segregation among Jewish people before. Yet, I went to the Temple and I think that was because we were immediately thrown in with the German Jews. It suited our needs, so we went to the Temple, we belonged to the Standard Club.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=293.0,318.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/transcript/84664/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSchneider:\u003c/strong\u003e We were talking a little bit about Martin Luther King, Jr. Can you talk more about what your memories are of the Civil Rights Movement, kind of if you can go back to when you first noticed the differences you told me about?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=318.0,327.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/transcript/84664/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGoldberg:\u003c/strong\u003e Right. In 1954, the Brown [v. Board of Education of Topeka] act for desegregating schools was ... What's the word I'm looking for? Enacted, and I remember sitting at the table and my father said, \"It'll take 25 years for that to happen.\" Now, he had grown up with black kids being in his school, and he was not the least bit concerned about this. Martin Luther King, [Jr.] was very much ... Rich's was so involved in the intricacies of this community in every way. Rich's was one of the places where they marched, and they sat down in the, I think, the cafeteria on the lower level at that time. They were taken away by the police, not because of Rich's demand, but because that was the law that they could not integrate lunch counters. But behind the scenes, my father and later on my husband--my father was then chairman of Rich's--and they were meeting with Daddy King. They shared the same cardiologist. And I remember Daddy King tapping him on the knee one day and said, \"Now, listen, Harold, you just take it easy. Don't get all upset. I'm going to sound a little different when the press comes in the door.\" And there was an understanding among them as to what had to be done to keep this community vibrant.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=327.0,419.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/transcript/84664/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSchneider:\u003c/strong\u003e How did your father explain it to you?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=419.0,423.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/transcript/84664/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGoldberg:\u003c/strong\u003e I just understood it. There wasn't any question. You know, it's like you can't go wrong doing the right thing. There's no wrong way to do a right thing. It was just what this community needed to do to grow up. And I think none of the downtown business leaders were willing to see this place ravaged over race relations. Ivan Allen, who then became mayor after Mayor [William] Hartsfield ... There was one disturbance downtown on Boulevard. And I remember Ivan, who sat on the Rich's board ... You know, a lot of these people were right there. He went, and got on top of a car, and told them all to hush, and to be quiet, and to listen to what he had to say. And they did. There was a lot of moral readjusting going on at that point.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=423.0,484.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/transcript/84664/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSchneider:\u003c/strong\u003e Can you talk more about the changes that you saw from when you first got to Atlanta with segregation and how it affected you as you got older and understood it more?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=484.0,499.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/transcript/84664/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGoldberg:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, by the time I was married, say by the late 1950s ... I got married in 1956, so by the later 1950s, things were already starting to happen and there was already some involvement. There were some ... Not clubs. You wouldn't call them clubs, but forums of people who got together. There was something called the Action Forum, and it probably had the 12 leading white executives in the city and the 12 leading black executives in this city. They would meet on Saturday morning just to talk, and to feel comfortable with each other, and to get inside each other's skin. Then, a little bit later the Arts Center opened up and you'd see them at charitable situations. I remember one instance where a woman was asked to, \"Please, hurry up and bring the coffee,\" it was cold, and she was one of the chairs of the event. I mean, there was a lot of that that went on until people got used to seeing black people at white events. Then, of course, the schools ... I mean, that was the next thing that hit, were the schools opening up, and that ...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=499.0,583.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/transcript/84664/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSchneider:\u003c/strong\u003e What was that like for you?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=583.0,588.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/transcript/84664/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGoldberg:\u003c/strong\u003e I was concerned because the first switch took ... If your neighborhood was or if the city was 60-40, then suddenly they removed 60 percent of the white teachers and put in 60 percent black teachers. My kids went to private school. Today, my grandchildren are in public school I'm proud to say.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=588.0,611.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/transcript/84664/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSchneider:\u003c/strong\u003e When you were growing up, what kind of activities did your family do socially? Did they join clubs and organizations?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=611.0,617.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/transcript/84664/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGoldberg:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, they did. Which ones?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=617.0,620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/transcript/84664/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSchneider:\u003c/strong\u003e Which ones?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=620.0,620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/transcript/84664/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGoldberg:\u003c/strong\u003e Which ones? Well, we said the Standard Club. My father's favorite organization was Rich's. He lived and breathed Rich's. My mother was a council member, you know?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=620.0,634.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/transcript/84664/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSchneider:\u003c/strong\u003e What was Ballyhoo?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=634.0,636.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/transcript/84664/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGoldberg:\u003c/strong\u003e Ballyhoo was an organization that men joined. It was originally started there were three things: there was Ballyhoo, there was something in Mobile [Alabama], and something in Birmingham [Alabama]. It was a way to bring Jews spread over the South together for a series of parties, usually over Christmas or Labor Day. We would be invited. It was a great time. It was great time in Atlanta for that. The other thing that was unusual about Atlantans [was that] Emory was here, Georgia Tech was here, and they were all male schools. So, by the time I was 14, I was already dating college boys and so were all my friends. That was just a change of how things are. When I was confirmed, Alfred Uhry, [the author of] \"Driving Miss Daisy,\" walked in front of me. So, we're old friends and classmates from that time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=636.0,701.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/transcript/84664/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSchneider:\u003c/strong\u003e Why do you think it was important for your family to participate in these sort of organizations?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=701.0,709.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/transcript/84664/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGoldberg:\u003c/strong\u003e Because it was important to them for us to have Jewish friends. Even though they had friends from everywhere, and we had friends from everywhere, they wanted to identify in that way. Not only that, the best non-Jewish clubs were all restricted. I mean, they were one of the founding members of the Commerce Club, which was a downtown businessman's club. My father was head of Central Atlanta Progress and he handled the Arts Alliance campaign. He chaired that one year. My husband, Joel, was the only Jewish president of the Atlanta Chamber of Commerce to this day. Now, I don't know if Arthur Blank may have served last year. I'm not sure. But for a very long time, he was the only one.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=709.0,757.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/transcript/84664/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSchneider:\u003c/strong\u003e Can you talk about any antisemitism that you experienced growing up in Atlanta?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=757.0,764.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/transcript/84664/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGoldberg:\u003c/strong\u003e Not really, except someone once asked my daughter, a mother asked my daughter if she would be interested in being a member of the Debutante Club. My husband said, \"And how would I pay for the drinks?\" Because we couldn't be members in those days.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=764.0,788.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/transcript/84664/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSchneider:\u003c/strong\u003e So, that was really the only thing that you could ...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=788.0,790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/transcript/84664/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGoldberg:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, I don't remember. I just don't remember that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=790.0,796.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/transcript/84664/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSchneider:\u003c/strong\u003e Why do you think it was not a problem? Because a lot of people, especially from the North, always assume, 'Oh, in the South there's antisemitism.' But you did not experience it?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=796.0,804.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/transcript/84664/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGoldberg:\u003c/strong\u003e We were accepted as individuals, and we accepted black people as individuals. The only problem came when you were dealing with a whole race, and there were all kinds of fears, and stories, and fables about that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=804.0,828.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/transcript/84664/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSchneider:\u003c/strong\u003e You were talking about Rich's, about your father's business. What did your mother do? Was she a homemaker?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=828.0,833.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/transcript/84664/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGoldberg:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, she was a homemaker.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=833.0,834.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/transcript/84664/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSchneider:\u003c/strong\u003e So, did she have any role at all in your father's job?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=834.0,840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/transcript/84664/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGoldberg:\u003c/strong\u003e No, she was just happy being married to him. They were a divine couple together. She was a corporate wife.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=840.0,848.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/transcript/84664/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSchneider:\u003c/strong\u003e What kind of duties did your father have at his job? What type of work specifically did he do?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=848.0,856.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/transcript/84664/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGoldberg:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, he started out as a buyer in furniture and then, he was a merchandise manager. Then, he became president. Then, he became chairman. It was incumbent upon any executive who worked at Rich's to at least try to give back a portion of what they had received from this community back to the community. So, anybody in an executive position did a lot of community service work--not so much in the Jewish community as in the community as a whole.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=856.0,895.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/transcript/84664/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSchneider:\u003c/strong\u003e Where were you educated? Can you talk about ... First, you talked about starting with high school.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=895.0,902.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/transcript/84664/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGoldberg:\u003c/strong\u003e I started at North Fulton in Buckhead. Then, the next year, they were opening a school called Northside. A friend of mine, Gay Miller Kahn, whose family is from old Atlanta, and I decided that we really didn't want to go to a new high school that had no sense of history. So, we went to what was then called NAPS, North Avenue Presbyterian Girls' School. We met the then new headmaster called Bill Pressly. Bill Pressly went on to unite Washington Seminary and NAPS. We took the test, we were accepted in the school, and then we went home and told our parents--very different than today. And we were in the first graduating class.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=902.0,950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/transcript/84664/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSchneider:\u003c/strong\u003e Why did you go away to college?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=950.0,955.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/transcript/84664/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGoldberg:\u003c/strong\u003e Because in those days, didn't everybody? That was ... Didn't everybody? I was also very much in love in my high school years with a man who was killed ... a boy who was killed the weekend of my high school graduation. So, it was great. I was going to this very conservative girls' school, and I was in the middle of nowhere, and it was probably not the right place for me. But their group from Atlanta that went, and I had a very nice time. I did not go back. To Skidmore [College]?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=955.0,989.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/transcript/84664/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSchneider:\u003c/strong\u003e To Skidmore [College]?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=989.0,989.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/transcript/84664/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGoldberg:\u003c/strong\u003e To Skidmore [College]? I did not go back to Skidmore.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=989.0,991.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/transcript/84664/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSchneider:\u003c/strong\u003e So, you were there for ...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=991.0,992.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/transcript/84664/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGoldberg:\u003c/strong\u003e I was there for two years.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=992.0,997.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/transcript/84664/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSchneider:\u003c/strong\u003e You mentioned about your grandchildren. You said they are in public school.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=997.0,1001.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/transcript/84664/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGoldberg:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, they went to Davis Academy, and my oldest grandchild--I just have two--my oldest grandchild is now a junior at Riverwood.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=1001.0,1013.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/transcript/84664/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSchneider:\u003c/strong\u003e How do you feel about the growth of Jewish day schools in Atlanta?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=1013.0,1018.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/transcript/84664/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGoldberg:\u003c/strong\u003e Marvelously. I was on the board of Davis Academy for six years. I think it has added a dimension. My daughter is married to a non-Jewish guy. When he proposed, my husband said, \"You know, Chris, you've got a problem. You're not Jewish.\" And he said, \"We've already discussed it. I have agreed to raise these children Jewishly.\" Well, it's one thing to agree to raise somebody Jewishly. It's another thing to participate with your heart and soul and that's what he's done. By being exposed to Judaism through his kids, he's got an understanding that he never would have had. And I think about a third of the children there are from mixed marriages. And it's also given my children a reverence for their religion that they wouldn't have, that my own children didn't have. And they've given it to me as well.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=1018.0,1082.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/transcript/84664/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSchneider:\u003c/strong\u003e When you were a child, did you attend a Jewish camp?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=1082.0,1085.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/transcript/84664/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGoldberg:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, I did.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=1085.0,1086.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/transcript/84664/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSchneider:\u003c/strong\u003e Can you tell me about that?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=1086.0,1088.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/transcript/84664/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGoldberg:\u003c/strong\u003e It was called Camp Crystal Lake. I was selected as the best all-around camper. Everybody there was Jewish.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=1088.0,1095.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/transcript/84664/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSchneider:\u003c/strong\u003e Where was it?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=1095.0,1096.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/transcript/84664/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGoldberg:\u003c/strong\u003e It was in Roscoe, New York.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=1096.0,1102.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/transcript/84664/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSchneider:\u003c/strong\u003e So, there were a lot of people from all over the country?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=1102.0,1104.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/transcript/84664/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGoldberg:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, there were, but a large number from probably New York, Massachusetts. Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=1104.0,1113.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/transcript/84664/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSchneider:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=1113.0,1113.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/transcript/84664/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGoldberg:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes. And I loved it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=1113.0,1115.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/transcript/84664/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSchneider:\u003c/strong\u003e Can you tell me some of the memories?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=1115.0,1119.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/transcript/84664/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGoldberg:\u003c/strong\u003e Of Crystal Lake? Oh, my G-d, I won the swimming medal. I was the best swimmer in the camp. That was a good thing. I made friendships that lasted into my adult life. For me, it was a sense of I'd never been any place where the Jewish people were in the majority before. I went to a good public school, but I was the only Jewish person there. There weren't any other Jewish people there. And this was during the war years. I remember going to a movie one Saturday afternoon and the war had just ended. I think they were showing a new short on Bergen-Belsen, the liberation of Bergen-Belsen. And everybody started to cheer when they saw the dead bodies. I knew they weren't cheering because they were happy the war was over. They were cheering all those dead Jews. And I remember sitting there thinking, \"I'm glad I don't have a Jewish last name. I hope they won't be able to tell by looking at me,\" and just a cold sweat. I was ten at that point. That was the most virulent. It wasn't directed at me, but that was the most virulent outburst. Where did that happen?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=1119.0,1203.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/transcript/84664/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSchneider:\u003c/strong\u003e Where did that happen?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=1203.0,1203.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/transcript/84664/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGoldberg:\u003c/strong\u003e Where did that happen? In a little town called Summit, New Jersey, which was next to ...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=1203.0,1206.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/transcript/84664/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSchneider:\u003c/strong\u003e So, was that before you came to Atlanta?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=1206.0,1208.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/transcript/84664/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGoldberg:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, that was before I came to Atlanta, but I never found that in Atlanta.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=1208.0,1212.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/transcript/84664/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSchneider:\u003c/strong\u003e While we are on that subject, you were very young, obviously, when all that happened. What else do you remember about hearing from maybe your parents? Did they tell you what was going on in Germany?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=1212.0,1223.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/transcript/84664/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGoldberg:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, they didn't have to. My grandparents were Dutch. They knew each other in Holland--they both came to the United States--but they married in this country. My grandmother went back, and I was like two and a half years old. I remember it very clearly. We had a big celebration when she came home. She told the family that she had met with all of her cousins, and brothers, and sisters, and her mother was still alive, and she said, \"Why don't you get out of here?\" And they said, \"That crazy man, he'll never come here.\" And then, all through the war years--and she had to be in her early 40s in those days, looking back--I remember sitting next to her, and I can still tell you the name of every foreign correspondent. She listened to every 15-hour newscast looking for news. Of course, at the end of the war, everybody but one brother was gone. I almost always felt like, there but for the grace of G-d, I'm a child of the Holocaust. You know, you say it in one phrase without any commas. So, I think that was part of my spark. I mean, I loved it always. And it would have been so much easier to be anything else, to pass, to ... It would have be easy, especially for me with the name Brockey, but I always hung on to that hard. I think part of my attraction to Joel was that he really liked being Jewish. He never wanted to be anything else and yet he was very cosmopolitan, but he loved being Jewish. There were a lot of people around in those days who would have loved being anything but Jewish.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=1223.0,1337.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/transcript/84664/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSchneider:\u003c/strong\u003e When you were hearing the stories of what was happening in Germany and it affected your family, did you yourself feel that you wanted to do something to stop it?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=1337.0,1347.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/transcript/84664/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGoldberg:\u003c/strong\u003e I was too young.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=1347.0,1349.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/transcript/84664/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSchneider:\u003c/strong\u003e What about when you were a teenager and you learned more about it?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=1349.0,1353.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/transcript/84664/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGoldberg:\u003c/strong\u003e I always wondered why people didn't speak out more clearly because we've talked about this. I'm always taking a class in Jewish something and we talked about, was it ... Did G-d break His covenant? Did He betray us? No, he really didn't. Mankind betrayed us because every step of the way, it could have been stopped if someone had spoken out. Times were different. People were different. I mean, I think Germany was one of the first places where Jews were even accepted into society, where they could own property, where they could vote. We can't even begin to imagine the kind of handcuffs they lived under. They were outsiders. They were always outsiders. And I remember my grandmother saying to me ... You know, I once stole pencils from a corner store, and of course, I got caught. And my grandmother said, \"I will never tell your parents.\" I walked out of the store like this. I think I was six. And my grandma said to me, \"Don't forget you're Jewish. You have to be twice as honest, and twice as good as anybody else, twice as smart, twice as polite.\" I think a lot of Jewish people felt that way. That was kind of ... You know, be really nice on the outside, don't act like you act.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=1353.0,1445.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/transcript/84664/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSchneider:\u003c/strong\u003e Did you understand what she meant?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=1445.0,1447.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/transcript/84664/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGoldberg:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, you knew that you were really not one of the gang. Not that there were gangs, but I mean, you had to be well behaved. You had to perform. And I think we are a generation ... My generation is the smallest generation ever to be born in the United States. We were born right in the middle of the Depression. If you look around, there aren't too many world leaders or American leaders that are my age. We were, though, a decade of achievers.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=1447.0,1490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/transcript/84664/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSchneider:\u003c/strong\u003e We can talk about Israel now. What is your connection to Israel? Have you been? How often do you like to go?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=1490.0,1498.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/transcript/84664/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGoldberg:\u003c/strong\u003e I could go once a year. My youngest grandchild, Catherine, is there right now on a school trip. I first went in 1977 on a Federation leadership mission. My husband had been there two or three times--I'm trying to think--on business because they were already doing business with Israel. We came through Romania. We spent about ten days in Romania and then we went into Israel. And it was just remarkable. It was just ... I mean, there's a fantasy there. It's remarkable what they have adjusted to, what they've stood up for. And they were they were decent and you felt connected. You felt connected. There was a connection. Then, I went back in 1982, I think, [or] 1983. Two other couples and we went for two weeks with a Volkswagen van and a driver guide. And every morning, I'd say, \"I am not getting up again at 5:30 to go do this again.\" And every morning, I was the first one dressed, down eating the biggest breakfast. And we all loved it. We sang. There's a vitality there that's wonderful. They will work it out. They somehow will work it out. There's a magic to the people. Even the new man [Ehud Olmert] that has just replaced [Ariel] Sharon, he never really made a mark for himself, and now he's standing up, and rising right to the fore. I think as long as there's an Israel the world Jewry will be safe. I don't think that another Holocaust could not happen again. I think it could. I think we have to be on guard. It's funny. I always used to say, \"As long as there's an Israel the Jewry will be safe.\" And as I'm watching this immigration situation happen in America and hearing some of the phrases coming out from some of people, [I think] how very close they sounded to 1933 and [Adolf] Hitler. I just happened to watch \"Judgment at Nuremberg\" on television again. Spencer Tracy was the Chief Justice and Burt Lancaster was the Chief Judge in Germany. At the end, after he was sentenced, he said, \"You know, I never meant for it to turn out that way.\" And Spencer Tracy said, \"The very first time you did the wrong thing, you convicted an innocent man, there was no other way for it end.\" So, we have to be on guard. Another organization that I've always been involved in is American Jewish Committee. My husband has served. They're coming to me slowly. My husband has served as president of that chapter. He has also been the chairman of St. Joseph's Hospital. He went to the Archbishop when he was named chairman and he said, \"You know, I'm Jewish. Are you sure you want me?\" And he said, \"Well I'd prefer a Catholic, but you'll do. You've passed.\" So, we're all sensitive to ... both of us. We love to be involved in what this community does, and what it stands for, and we don't want it to be any less than it can be.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=1498.0,1718.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/transcript/84664/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSchneider:\u003c/strong\u003e What do you think, after coming here, all these years later, of the way the Atlanta Jewish community was then?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=1718.0,1725.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/transcript/84664/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGoldberg:\u003c/strong\u003e There were 10,000 people here when I came and now there are over 100,000. I joke and I say, \"This is like Warsaw [Poland] before the war.\" I mean, there's a Jew on every corner. I say that in jest, but how wonderful, and the level of education that's going on, and growing in all aspects is fabulous. I worry a little bit about buildings that have to be maintained and sustained. Are we growing so fast that we're going to have to discard some? That worries me. Will our children be as committed to this? You know, we're the last generation who really knows about the Holocaust. Sometimes, my kids, who are in there 40s, will say to me, \"Mother! Holocaust. Holocaust. How much Holocaust?\" Well, for us it's the story. There's one incident I have to tell you about. My husband and I live near St. Philip's Cathedral on Peachtree Road, and we walked up there one night. The Atlanta Boys Choir was singing. We went in, and we were probably the only Jewish people in the audience, and maybe there were 2,500 people in the cathedral. All of a sudden, we heard this voice, and it was the voice of Cantor [Isaac] Goodfriend. You heard him in the nave, coming through, and he was standing under this huge cross. He was the narrator of \"I'll Never See Another Butterfly.\" After it was over, the people stood up, and cheered, and screamed like they were in an opera production. My husband and I just sat there drained. I said, To them, it's an opera. To us, it was our life.\" You know, it's different. But to the next generation, it's going to be like the Civil War. It's not alive in the same way that it is for our generation and we're the very last one.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=1725.0,1846.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/transcript/84664/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSchneider:\u003c/strong\u003e What are your hopes for the future of this community?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=1846.0,1851.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/transcript/84664/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGoldberg:\u003c/strong\u003e That it continues to work together. I think that ... You know, in the old days, the American Jewish Committee used to be a very intellectual German Jewish association. A woman named Sherry Frank, who was a former council president, came in and took over that organization and opened it up wide. And we've got rabbis studying together who wouldn't even talk to each other. There is a sense of community. I hope we'll always have a sense of community. And I hope every Jew that wants to be involved can be involved.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=1851.0,1890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/transcript/84664/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSchneider:\u003c/strong\u003e \u003cSpeaking to Einstein\u003e Is there anything else that you would like to add? You have a question?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=1890.0,1896.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/transcript/84664/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eEinstein:\u003c/strong\u003e Carole, you were just talking about the continuity of memory. That just made me want to ask you about your commitment to this museum and to the perpetuity of history. Could you talk about that a little bit?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=1896.0,1914.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/transcript/84664/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGoldberg:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes. Well, this museum has been like a gift to me. I've served as chairs of other things, but this one has been a privilege because to be part of something that is so pure, and righteous, and good ... Our story is to share it with the rest of mankind. I feel very strongly that we sort of set the example in this museum by what we do, and what we show, and what we commemorate for a just society. I mean, this is kind of a place of human dignity and just society for me.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=1914.0,1964.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/transcript/84664/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eEinstein:\u003c/strong\u003e Were those values that you tried to teach your children when they were growing up? I mean, is there some difference, perhaps in thinking about the 1950s and 1960s, as compared to what children have to learn today as far as their values and their stories?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=1964.0,1978.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/transcript/84664/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGoldberg:\u003c/strong\u003e They say you never know how good a parent you were until you have your grandchildren. And I was a great parent. I've got two of the most divine grandchildren. One day, the oldest one said to me, \"You know, Grandma, some people take the right path and some people the left path and I've gotta take my own path.\" I thought that said it all. And they are ... reverent, good, divine people. And my kids are too.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=1978.0,2014.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/transcript/84664/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eEinstein:\u003c/strong\u003e Just one other question. You talked a lot about kind of the Jewish-Christian relations and Jewish-black relations. But between all that is a question of class. I was wondering whether you had any thoughts about class in Atlanta and what that may have meant to you growing up?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=2014.0,2032.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/transcript/84664/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGoldberg:\u003c/strong\u003e Oh, yes. I mean, there was the Temple and then there was the other crowd. Everybody that was on this side of Peachtree and over was the other crowd. But I didn't know about that when I came here, so who was ever cute and fun, I was more than happy to be their friend. The sororities were very class associated. It is not true today. I mean, we were never considered thoroughly Jewish. We considered them too Jewish, but it really didn't make any difference. The difference was that I would go to Sunday School because it was a social outlet. That's where you got to meet all the other Jewish kids, the Reformed Jewish kids. And they did the same thing. Today, there are so many schools and so many different ways of interacting that I don't think that's true. I would hate to see that continue. I mean, when I got married, I intermarried. I married a conservative Jew. Rabbi Rothschild and Rabbi [Harry] Epstein both married us. It was the only time in my memory that Rabbi Rothchild put on a kippah out of respect to Joel's parents. It was very neat. I just always loved being around things Jewish. I don't know how to explain it. I loved listening to Jewish intellects. It didn't matter to me what language they spoke in or if I understood it. I loved the music. It's funny. The other day in class, we were saying, \"Why? What is this thing? Especially if you come from a very Reformed family, what is this thing that holds you together and makes you want to be part of it?\" I don't know if it's in my DNA. I don't know if I'm one of the two and a half million people that came from four Jewish women. I don't know. But it's like a gift and it's like you want to share it with the next ... You don't want it to die after all these years. You really don't want it to die. I was doing something at Oglethorpe [University]. My husband has been involved in Oglethorpe for a long time, on the board, and they were beginning to do a project on Jewish ... Not Jewish heroes, but just heroes of the Holocaust. A retired bank president's wife said to me, \"Well, it's amazing how Jews have flourished since the war.\" And I said, \"Would it surprise you to know that there aren't as many Jews now as there were when the war started?\" She said, \"No, you must be kidding.\" She had no idea of that concept. And then she said, \"But there's so many lawyers and there are so many doctors.\" And I said, \"Would it surprise you to know that when I went to college, there was a quota? And when doctors tried to go to medical school there was a quota? It was never more than ten percent.\" And she said, \"You've got to be kidding.\" I mean, what a huge change is that in the world? I mean, we grew up, we accepted that because that's the way it was.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=2032.0,2239.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/transcript/84664/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eEinstein:\u003c/strong\u003e How did you meet Joel if you were kind of living in this Temple insulated ...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=2239.0,2243.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/transcript/84664/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGoldberg:\u003c/strong\u003e I was on ... They used to have something called a college board. We were consultants for how the kids would dress when they went off to college. I was at Rich's and he was a buyer. He had just come. And somebody told me there was this real cute single Jewish guy that had just moved to Atlanta. I was downtown one day. He was holding a tea stand of dresses to move across the floor, and I walked right into him, and I said, \"Oh, hi.\" And that's exactly how it started. And then I ... Yes, then, that's how it started. And we were married the next summer.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=2243.0,2283.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/transcript/84664/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eEinstein:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, did you start hanging out with more of the Conservative [Jewish] party? Was there any mix or what?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=2283.0,2290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/transcript/84664/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGoldberg:\u003c/strong\u003e No, there wasn't any mix because at that point ... Well, that's not true. I always hung out with what we called some of the Grady kids. Some of them were in my Sunday School class, although they were not part of the German Jewish group. They were Reformed Jews. And there were a whole list of them that I'm still friendly with today.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=2290.0,2315.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/transcript/84664/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eEinstein:\u003c/strong\u003e Like who? Who were your friends back when you were a kid whom you are still close with today?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=2315.0,2322.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/transcript/84664/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGoldberg:\u003c/strong\u003e I mean, if I think about the Temple group, [there was] Lyons Joel, Gay Miller Joel, who's now married to Lyons, Miriam Pass Botnik, Marvin Botnik--they were in my wedding--Deedie Jessup, Ronnie Goldstein, who is now a dentist and is my dentist. It's not unusual for us to sit at a table and we've known everybody at that table for over 60 years. And that's incredible. It's almost like we pick up where we left off. We may not see them for months and years, but we pick up and there's that old connection--but certainly not one of class distinction or snobbery or anything like that. But there was at that time. I'll tell you something interesting. I moved here. Tony Montag is a friend of mine. [His wife] Jackie was a friend. I went to camp with a cousin of Nancy Abrams, who is [the wife of] Hal Abrams at Kilpatrick \u0026 Cody. Nobody ever mentioned Leo Frank, not ever. As a matter of fact, when Tom Asher, the president of this board who preceded me, went off to Cornell [University], somebody asked him about Leo Frank. He was the only one who did not know what they were talking about and Leo Frank went to Cornell. It was always the deep, dark secret. I think it colored Jewish life in Atlanta in a way far deeper than people realized. It was the reason that the Temple was so classically Reformed. It was the reason that the AA [Ahavath Achim Synagogue] looked down on the Temple for trying to be Christian. But there was fear behind all of that, lots and lots of fear. He was the only white man ever lynched in the South, so ... that was long before my time, but nobody talked about it. And in the next three years, we are about to do an exhibit on Leo Frank. There are people who said to us, \"Why do you have to bring it up again? What's the point?\" Because it's our story and we've got to tell it. The community can't tell it. It's our tale. The same thing happened to me. I was out for dinner, and we were talking about the release of the 17 million names that were part of the Holocaust. Somebody said, \"Why put those people through that agony again? Why do they have to tell the story?\" Because it is there, and we've got to stand up, and find out about it. Not dwell on it, but we've got to know the story, and the real truth in some instances. I can't think of anything else.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=2322.0,2505.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/transcript/84664/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSchneider:\u003c/strong\u003e I think it was great. Thank you so much.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=2505.0,2507.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/transcript/84664/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGoldberg:\u003c/strong\u003e I don't feel like I, you know ...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=2507.0,2511.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/annotation_set/2041","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Annotations [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/annotation_set/2041/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMacy's, originally R. H. Macy \u0026amp; Co., is an American department store chain founded in 1858 by Rowland Hussey Macy. In 1994, it acquired the Bloomingdale's department store chain, and the two companies were united under Macy's, Inc. in 2007. It operates with 508 stores in the US. Its flagship store is located at Herald Square in Manhattan.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=15.0,41.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/annotation_set/2041/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDavison's of Atlanta was a department store chain and an Atlanta shopping institution. Davison's first opened its doors in Atlanta in 1891 and had its origins in the Davison \u0026amp; Douglas Company. In 1901, the store changed its name to Davison-Paxon-Stokes after the retirement of E. Lee Douglas from the business and the appointment of Frederic John Paxon as treasurer. Davison-Paxon-Stokes sold out to R.H. Macy \u0026amp; Co. in 1925. By 1927, R.H. Macy built the Peachtree Street store that still stands today. That same year the company dropped the “Stokes” to become Davison Paxon Co. All Davison’s stores were completely absorbed into the Macy’s nameplate in 1986, rendering it defunct.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=15.0,41.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/annotation_set/2041/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRich's was a department store retail chain, headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia, which operated in the southern U.S. from 1867 until March 6, 2005, when the nameplate was eliminated and replaced by Macy's. It was founded by Hungarian Jewish immigrant Morris Rich (born Mauritius Reich) in Atlanta in 1867 as \"M. Rich \u0026amp; Co. Dry Goods\" Many of the former Rich's stores today form the core of Macy's Central, an Atlanta-based division of Macy's, Inc., which formerly operated as Federated Department Stores, Inc.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=15.0,41.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/annotation_set/2041/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eNorth Fulton High School, founded in 1932, was a high school located in northern Atlanta. It was part of the Fulton County Public Schools and later Atlanta Public Schools. In 1991, the school merged into the North Atlanta High School. The building is now home to the Atlanta International School.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=67.0,149.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/annotation_set/2041/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHarriette “Deedie” Lee Levy Jessup (1936-2022) was born in Greenville, South Carolina but grew up in Atlanta. She graduated from North Fulton High school and attended Emory University, where she began a career in theater. She also enjoyed a successful career with Oxford Chemical Company in Norfolk, Virginia, where she and her husband Bob Jessup raised two children.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=67.0,149.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/annotation_set/2041/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eUntil the Civil Rights Act of 1964 officially ended what were known as “Jim Crow” laws, racial segregation was mandated in practically every aspect of public life in the South beginning in the 1890's. Some examples of Jim Crow laws are the segregation of public schools, places, and public transportation and the segregation of restrooms, restaurants and drinking fountains for whites and blacks. Private businesses, political parties, and unions also created their own Jim Crow arrangements, barring Blacks from buying homes in certain neighborhoods, from shopping or working in certain stores, from working at certain trades, etc.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=67.0,149.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/annotation_set/2041/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe American Civil Rights Movement encompasses social movements in the United States whose goal was to end racial segregation and discrimination against Black Americans and enforce constitutional voting rights to them. The movement was characterized by major campaigns of civil resistance. Between 1955 and 1968, acts of nonviolent protest and civil disobedience produced crisis situations between activists and government authorities. Noted legislative achievements during this phase of the Civil Rights Movement were passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the Voting Rights Act of 1965, the Immigration and Nationality Services Act of 1965, and the Fair Housing Act of 1968.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=154.0,208.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/annotation_set/2041/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Temple, or “Hebrew Benevolent Congregation,” is Atlanta’s oldest Jewish congregation. The cornerstone was laid on the Temple on Garnett Street in 1875. The dedication was held in 1877, and the Temple was located there until 1902. The Temple’s next location on Pryor Street was dedicated in 1902. The Temple’s current location in Midtown on Peachtree Street was dedicated in 1931. The main sanctuary is on the National Register of Historic Places. The Reform congregation now totals approximately 1500 families.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=208.0,213.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/annotation_set/2041/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRabbi Jacob Mortimer \"Jack\" Rothschild (1911-1973) served as rabbi of Atlanta’s oldest Reform congregation, the Temple, from 1946 until his death in 1973 from a heart attack. A native of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, he forged close relationships with the city’s Christian clergy and distinguished himself as a charismatic spokesperson for civil rights.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=218.0,248.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/annotation_set/2041/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA bar mitzvah [Hebrew: son of commandments] and bat mitzvah [Hebrew: daughter of commandments] are rites of passage for Jewish boys aged 13 years and one day and Jewish girls aged 12 years and one day. At that time, they are duty bound to keep the commandments. A Jewish boy is considered a responsible adult for most religious purposes. He puts on tefillin and may be counted to the minyan quorum for public worship. He celebrates the bar mitzvah by being called up to the reading of the Torah in the synagogue, usually on the next available Sabbath after his Hebrew birthday. Synagogue ceremonies are also held for bat mitzvah girls in Reform and Conservative communities, but it has not won the approval of Orthodox rabbis.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=218.0,248.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/annotation_set/2041/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eClassical Reform Judaism was the type of Judaism that developed in the late 19th century United States. American Jews, most of whom were of central European background, saw the tremendous influence that liberal religion had on their Protestant neighbors and wanted to develop a form of Judaism equivalent to Episcopalianism, Presbyterianism, and especially Unitarianism. As presented in the 1885 Declaration of Principles, known as the \"Pittsburgh Platform,\" Classical Reform Judaism minimized Judaic ritual and emphasized ethics in a universalist context, stressing universalism while reaffirming the Reform movement's commitment to Jewish particularism through the expression of the religious idea of the mission of Israel. The document defined Reform Judaism as a rational and modern form of religion in contrast with traditional Judaism on one hand and universalist ethics on the other. Much of Reform Judaism has moved away from Classical Reform and toward a more traditional style of worship since World War II and the Holocaust, and only a handful of congregations follow the Classical Reform any longer. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=218.0,248.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/annotation_set/2041/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMartin Luther King, Jr. (1929-1968) is best known for his role as a leader in the Civil Rights Movement and the advancement of civil rights using nonviolent civil disobedience based on his Christian beliefs. A Baptist minister, King became a civil rights activist early in his career. He led the 1955 Montgomery Bus Boycott and helped found the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) in 1957, serving as its first president. With the SCLC, King led an unsuccessful struggle against segregation in Albany, Georgia, in 1962, and organized nonviolent protests in Birmingham, Alabama, that attracted national attention following television news coverage of the brutal police response. King also helped to organize the 1963 March on Washington, where he delivered his famous \"I Have a Dream\" speech. On October 14, 1964, King received the Nobel Peace Prize for combating racial inequality through nonviolence. In 1965, he and the SCLC helped to organize the Selma to Montgomery marches and the following year, he took the movement north to Chicago to work on segregated housing. King was assassinated on April 4, 1968, in Memphis, Tennessee. His death was followed by riots in many United States’ cities. King was posthumously awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom and the Congressional Gold Medal. Martin Luther King, Jr. Day was established as a holiday in numerous cities and states beginning in 1971, and as a United States federal holiday in 1986.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=218.0,248.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/annotation_set/2041/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Standard Club is a Jewish social club that started as the “Concordia Association” in 1867 in Downtown Atlanta. In 1905, it was reorganized as the “Standard Club” and moved into the former mansion of William C. Sanders near the site of Center Parc Credit Union Stadium (formerly Turner Field). In the late 1920s the club moved to Ponce de Leon Avenue in Midtown Atlanta. Later, the club moved to what is now the Lenox Park business park and was located there until 1983. In the 1980s, the club moved to its present location in Johns Creek in Atlanta’s northern suburbs.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=293.0,318.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/annotation_set/2041/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRelations within Atlanta’s Jewish community in the late 19th and early 20th centuries were often strained between assimilated German Jews and newer Eastern European immigrants. While German Jews were generally middle- or upper-class and more assimilated, many Eastern Europeans spoke Yiddish, followed traditional religious practices, supported Zionism, and came from working-class backgrounds. Concerned about social standing and potential antisemitic backlash, German Jews viewed the newcomers as uncultured, excluding them from social clubs like The Standard Club and favoring Reform synagogues such as The Temple, with its English-language services, shortened liturgy, and organ music. In response, Eastern European Jews, resenting what they perceived as condescension and a lack of piety among the older community, established their own synagogues, like Ahavath Achim, and social organizations such as the Progressive Club. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=293.0,318.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/annotation_set/2041/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBrown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954) was a landmark decision of the United States Supreme Court that declared state laws establishing separate public schools for Black and white students unconstitutional. The ruling paved the way for integration and the civil rights movement.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=327.0,419.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/annotation_set/2041/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMartin Luther King Sr. (1899-1984) was the father of Martin Luther King Jr. He was a Baptist pastor, missionary and an early figure in the Civil Rights Movement.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=327.0,419.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/annotation_set/2041/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIvan Earnest Allen, Jr. (1911-2003), was an American businessman who served two terms as the 52nd Mayor of Atlanta during the turbulent civil rights era of the 1960s.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=423.0,484.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/annotation_set/2041/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWilliam Berry Hartsfield, Sr. (1890-1971), served as the 49th and 51st Mayor of Atlanta. His tenure extended from 1937 to 1941 and again from 1942 to 1962, making him the longest-serving mayor of his native Atlanta.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=423.0,484.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/annotation_set/2041/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBoulevard is a street and corridor of the Old Fourth Ward neighborhood of Atlanta, Georgia, near the Summerhill neighborhood. Summerhill is an Atlanta neighborhood that is directly south of downtown located between the Atlanta Zoo and Center Parc Stadium. It is bordered by the neighborhoods of Grant Park, Mechanicsville, and Peoplestown. It was established in 1865 and is one of the oldest neighborhoods in the city. In 1966, a four-day riot occurred in the neighborhood. The Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committing (SNCC) and its leader Stokely Carmichel were accused of inciting it following an incident of police brutality. The riots resulted in one death and twenty injuries. Mayor Ivan Allen, Jr. went to the area of the riot to plead with the rioters and work with the police and black leaders to end the riots.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=423.0,484.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/annotation_set/2041/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Atlanta Action Forum was an organization founded in 1971 by black and white business leaders to address social and civic issues in Atlanta following the Civil Rights Movement. The Forum’s monthly meetings focused on collaborative solutions in areas such as education, housing, transportation, and racial equality. Active into the 2000s, it played a key role in the formation of MARTA, school desegregation efforts, and election of Atlanta’s first black mayor.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=499.0,583.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/annotation_set/2041/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Woodruff Arts Center is a visual and performing arts center located in Atlanta, Georgia. Located at 1280 Peachtree Street, it opened in 1968. Its campus is the location of the Alliance Theatre, the Atlanta Symphony Orchestra, and the High Museum of Art. The Art Center was established by the Atlanta Arts Alliance after the 1962 plane crash in Paris, France that killed many the cultural and arts community in Atlanta and was originally known as the “Memorial Arts Center.” In 1982 it was renamed to honor its greatest benefactor, Robert W. Woodruff.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=499.0,583.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/annotation_set/2041/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Rich’s Foundation is an independent non-profit foundation based in Atlanta, Georgia. Established in 1943 as the Rich Foundation, it \u003cbr\u003ewas formed to distribute a large share of the store’s profits to the Atlanta community. It continues to operate today and supports non-profit organizations in the arts, civic affairs, education, health, environment, and social welfare.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=620.0,634.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/annotation_set/2041/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBallyhoo was the name of a social party for upper-middle class Reform Jewish young adults (high school to college age) held annually in Atlanta, Georgia. The event attracted young people from all over the Southeast to meet boys and girls from other cities.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=634.0,636.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/annotation_set/2041/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEmory University is a private research university in Atlanta, Georgia. Founded in 1836 as \"Emory College\" by the Methodist Episcopal Church and named in honor of Methodist bishop John Emory, Emory is the second-oldest private institution of higher education in Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=636.0,701.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/annotation_set/2041/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGeorgia Institute of Technology, which is commonly referred to as Georgia Tech is a public research university and institute of technology in Atlanta. It was founded in 1885 during Reconstruction as part of the plan to build an industrial economy in the post-Civil War South.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=636.0,701.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/annotation_set/2041/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDriving Miss Daisy\u003cbr\u003e (1987) is the first in what is known as Alfred Uhry’s \"Atlanta Trilogy\" of plays earning him the Pulitzer Prize for Drama. Uhry adapted it into the screenplay for the 1989 Academy Award winning film of the same name. The film stars Jessica Tandy, Morgan Freeman, and Dan Aykroyd. The story of Miss Daisy Werthan, a Southern Jewish widow and Hoke Colburn, her Black chauffeur, is set in Atlanta between 1948 and 1973 as their 25-year friendship reflects the social changes in the American South.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=636.0,701.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/annotation_set/2041/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Commerce Club is a private business and social club on Peachtree Street in Downtown Atlanta. Since 1960, the Commerce Club was located at 34 Broad Street in the Five Points area of downtown, where major banks, law firms and accounting firms were headquartered within walking distance. In 2010, the Commerce Club merged with the One Ninety-One Club and the new Commerce Club opened on the 49th floor of the 191 Tower. Since the merger, the Commerce Club is also known as the “191 Club.”\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=709.0,757.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/annotation_set/2041/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFounded in 1941, Central Atlanta Progress, Inc. (CAP) is a private nonprofit community development organization providing leadership, programs and services.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=709.0,757.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/annotation_set/2041/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Atlanta Arts Alliance, a collective of arts organization, was formed in 1963, largely as a response to the death of \u003cbr\u003e106 Atlanta \u003cbr\u003eart patrons\u003cbr\u003e, who were killed in an airplane crash during a tour of Europe in 1962.\u003cbr\u003e The first institutional members to join the Alliance were the Atlanta Art Association (later called the High Museum of Art), the Atlanta School of Art, and the Atlanta Symphony Orchestra. Later the Atlanta Children's Theatre and \u003cbr\u003ethe Alliance Theatre Company also joined. One of the primary goals of the group was to build a physical center for its member institutions. Extensive fundraising campaigns resulted in the construction of the Atlanta Memorial Arts Center. The Atlanta Arts Alliance later funded projects for the High Museum of Art (housed in the Woodruff Arts Center), the Atlanta Symphony Orchestra, the Alliance Theatre Company, the 14th Street Playhouse, and the Atlanta College of Art.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=709.0,757.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/annotation_set/2041/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Metro Atlanta Chamber is a business organization working to expand a thriving economy and advocate for a competitive business climate for the Atlanta metropolitan area. It was founded in 1859.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=709.0,757.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/annotation_set/2041/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eArthur M. Blank (b. 1942) is an American businessman and a co-founder of the Home Depot. Today he is known for his philanthropy and his ownership of the Atlanta Falcons. Blank is a signatory of the Giving Pledge committing himself to give away at least 50 percent of his wealth to charitable causes.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=709.0,757.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/annotation_set/2041/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Atlanta Debutante Club was organized in 1911 at the Piedmont Driving Club, where it holds its annual debutante ball. Debutante balls are formal coming-of-age events where young women are presented to society. The Piedmont Driving Club is a prestigious private social club located adjacent to Piedmont Park that was founded in 1887. The club prohibited Jewish and Black membership for most of its history, although today there are a few Black, Jewish, and other ethnic minority members. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=764.0,788.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/annotation_set/2041/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBuckhead is an area located northwest of Downtown Atlanta with gracious homes, elegant hotels, shopping centers, restaurants, and high-rise condominium and office buildings. It is a major commercial and financial center and the third-largest business district in Atlanta, behind Downtown and Midtown.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=902.0,950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/annotation_set/2041/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eNorthside High School opened as a Fulton County, Georgia school in 1950. It became part of the Atlanta Public Schools (APS) when the property was annexed into the city of Atlanta. In 1991, the Atlanta Board of Education formed North Atlanta High School by combining North Fulton High School and Northside High School.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=902.0,950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/annotation_set/2041/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGay Miller Kahn Joel (1936-2017) was the only child of Samuel and Betty Miller. She was born and raised in Atlanta, Georgia. She graduated from The Westminster School and attended Sophie Newcomb College. She completed her undergraduate degree at Georgia State University and earned her PhD in psychology at Georgia State. She worked as a psychotherapist for 30 years. She and her first husband David were married for 45 years, and they had a son and daughter. David, who was an attorney and later a Bankruptcy judge, passed in 2002. In 2005, she married Lyons B. Joel, and they were married until her death.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=902.0,950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/annotation_set/2041/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe North Avenue Presbyterian School (NAPS) was established in 1909 \u003cbr\u003ewith 20 boys and girls and met in the church’s Sunday School building. It stressed scholastic training, daily Bible Study, and Christian precepts. In 1921, it moved to a campus at 189 Ponce de Leon Avenue. It was coeducational until sixth grade and a girls’ school through high school. In 1951, NAPS merged with Washington Seminary and became the Westminster Schools, which continues to operate as a coed Christian preparatory school for preschool aged children through 12th grade.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=902.0,950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/annotation_set/2041/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDr. William L. Pressly (1908-2001) was the founding president of the Westminster Schools, a private school in Atlanta established in 1951. Pressly earned a master’s degree from Harvard University (Cambridge, Massachusetts) and an honorary Doctor of Literature from Washington and Lee University (Lexington, Virginia).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=902.0,950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/annotation_set/2041/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAnita and Lola Washington, two great nieces of George Washington, founded the Washington Seminary in 1878. The original school, which was conducted in their parlor, was called the “Misses Washington School for Girls.” In 1882 the name was changed to “Washington Seminary.” By the late 1940s, Washington Seminary was housed in a campus covering eight acres with seven buildings. Washington Seminary merged with the Westminster Schools in 1953.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=902.0,950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/annotation_set/2041/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCarole graduated from the Westminster Schools, founded in 1951. It is a co-educational, Christian day school for students in kindergarten through grade 12. The school is widely regarded as one of the top private schools in the Atlanta area. Its campus is in the Buckhead neighborhood.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=902.0,950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/annotation_set/2041/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSkidmore College is a private liberal arts college in Saratoga Springs, New York. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=989.0,989.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/annotation_set/2041/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Alfred and Adele Davis Academy is a private Reform Jewish day school in Sandy Springs, Georgia for students from pre-kindergarten through eighth grade. The Davis Academy is recognized as the largest Reform Jewish Day School in the country. The school focuses on academics and students have access to a team that includes teachers, counselors, psychologists, coaches, the Rabbi, a school nurse, alumni mentors, visiting artists, and administrators.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=1001.0,1013.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/annotation_set/2041/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRiverwood International Charter School was founded in 1971 in Sandy Spring, Georgia. It has approximately 1780 students in grades 9-12. It is Fulton County’s four magnet sites and only International Studies and International Baccalaureate Program.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=1001.0,1013.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/annotation_set/2041/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWorld War II (abbreviated WWII or WW2) was a global war involving fighting in most of the world and most countries. Most countries fought in the years 1939–1945 but some started fighting in 1937. Most of the world's countries, including all the great powers, fought as part of two military alliances: the Allies and the Axis Powers. World War II was the largest and deadliest conflict in all of history. It involved more countries, cost more money, involved more people, and killed more people than any other war in history. Between 50 to 85 million people died. The majority were civilians. It included massacres, the deliberate genocide of the Holocaust, strategic bombing, starvation, disease, and the only use of nuclear weapons against civilians in history.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=1119.0,1203.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/annotation_set/2041/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBergen-Belsen was a Nazi concentration camp in what is today Lower Saxony in northern Germany, southwest of the town of Bergen near Celle. Originally established as a prisoner of war camp, in 1943, parts of it became a concentration camp. Initially this was an \"exchange camp\", where Jewish hostages were held with the intention of exchanging them for German prisoners of war held overseas. The camp was later expanded to accommodate Jews from other concentration camps. A tent camp was erected in Bergen-Belsen in August 1944. Initially, it served as a transit camp for non-Jewish women from Poland, whom the Germans had deported to the Reich to work in armaments factories, but the SS soon began using the tent camp to house sick and injured prisoners transported from other concentration camps who were no longer able to work. By November 1944, the tent camp also held around 8,000 women who had been evacuated from Auschwitz-Birkenau, most of whom were Jewish. Eventually, the tents were so badly damaged by a storm that the prisoners from the tent camp were moved into already overcrowded barracks. After 1945, the name was applied to the displaced persons camp established nearby, but it is most associated with the concentration camp. From 1941 to 1945, almost 20,000 Soviet prisoners of war and a further 50,000 inmates died there. Overcrowding, lack of food and poor sanitary conditions caused outbreaks of typhus, tuberculosis, typhoid fever and dysentery, leading to the deaths of more than 35,000 people in the first few months of 1945, shortly before and after the liberation. The camp was liberated on April 15, 1945, by the British 11th Armoured Division. The soldiers discovered approximately 60,000 prisoners inside, most of them half-starved and seriously ill, and another 13,000 corpses lying around the camp unburied. The horrors of the camp, documented on film and in pictures, made the name \"Belsen\" emblematic of Nazi crimes in general for public opinion in many countries in the immediate post-1945 period. Today, there is a memorial with an exhibition hall at the site.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=1119.0,1203.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/annotation_set/2041/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThis is a reference to Adolf Hitler (1889-1945), the German politician who was the leader of the Nazi Party, Chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945, and Führer (“leader”) of Nazi Germany from 1934 to 1945. As dictator of Nazi Germany, he initiated World War II in Europe with the invasion of Poland in September 1939 and was a central figure of the Holocaust.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=1223.0,1337.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/annotation_set/2041/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eNazi Germany invaded the Netherlands on May 10, 1940, as part of its larger offensive in Western Europe. The situation deteriorated quickly for the total of 159,806 persons who were registered as Jewish. Dutch Jews were increasingly driven into social isolation and stripped of their possessions until deportations began in the summer of 1942. Between 1942 and 1944, the Germans and their Dutch collaborators deported 107,000 Jews. Only 5,200 survived. Two-thirds of the 25,000-30,000 Dutch Jews who went into hiding managed to survive. In all, less than 25 percent of Dutch Jewry survived the Holocaust.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=1223.0,1337.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/annotation_set/2041/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA severe worldwide economic downturn known as the Great Depression began in the United States in 1929. It was the longest, most widespread, and deepest depression of the 20th century with far-reaching effects around the globe, especially in Europe. In Europe, World War I had a long-term impact on the economy and financial stability. Postwar inflation spiraled into hyperinflation by the 1920’s and European banks struggled to stay open. Exasperating the situation were skyrocketing unemployment rates. The Great Depression had immediately visible political and social ramifications in Europe, including increased antisemitism and nationalism.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=1447.0,1490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/annotation_set/2041/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Jewish Federation of Greater Atlanta raises funds, which are dispersed throughout the Jewish community. Services also include caring for Jews in need locally and around the world, community outreach, leadership development, and educational opportunities. It is an affiliate of the Jewish Federations of North America (JFNA).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=1498.0,1718.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/annotation_set/2041/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEhud Olmert (born 1945) is an Israeli politician and lawyer who served as the prime minister of Israel from 2006 to 2009. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=1498.0,1718.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/annotation_set/2041/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAriel Sharon (born Ariel Scheinerman; 1928-2014) was an Israeli general who served as the Prime Minister of Israel from 2001 to 2006. In 2005, he had a stroke that incapacitated him and was replaced by Ehud Olmert. Sharon died in 2014.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=1498.0,1718.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/annotation_set/2041/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eJudgment at Nuremberg\u003c/em\u003e is a 1961 American film. It is a fictional depiction of the 1947 Judges’ Trial, one of 12 trials of Nazi war criminals conducted by American occupying forces in Nuremberg, Germany, in which former judges were tried for their actions. It features Spencer Tracy as Chief Justice Haywood and Burt Lancaster as lead defendant Ernst Janning.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=1498.0,1718.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/annotation_set/2041/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe American Jewish Committee (AJC) was founded in 1906 to safeguard the welfare and security of Jews worldwide. It is one of the oldest Jewish advocacy organizations in the United States.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=1498.0,1718.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/annotation_set/2041/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Sisters of Mercy founded St. Joseph’s Hospital in 1880 and is Atlanta’s longest serving hospital. It was a sole part of Catholic Health East until a partnership with Emory Healthcare and Catholic Health East became effective in 2012. The hospital has had three locations throughout its history. The first two, on Baker Street and Courtland Street, were in Downtown Atlanta. In 1978, the hospital moved to its current location in Sandy Springs, along with many other hospitals and medical centers, giving the area the nickname “Pill Hill.”\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=1498.0,1718.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/annotation_set/2041/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWarsaw [Polish: \u003cem\u003eWarszawa\u003c/em\u003e] is the capital and largest city of Poland. Before World War II, Warsaw was a major center of Jewish life and culture. Its Jewish community was the largest in Poland, composing about 30 percent of the entire population of the city (about 337,000 Jews).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=1725.0,1846.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/annotation_set/2041/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Cathedral of Saint Philip, also known as St. Philip's Cathedral or St. Philip's is an Episcopal cathedral in Atlanta. Founded in 1848, it is located on Peachtree Road in Buckhead.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=1725.0,1846.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/annotation_set/2041/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Atlanta Boy Choir is a renowned choral group for boys and men in Atlanta, Georgia that was founded in 1959.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=1725.0,1846.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/annotation_set/2041/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCantor Isaac Goodfriend (1924-2009) served at Ahavath Achim in Atlanta from 1966 until his retirement in 1995 as Cantor Emeritus. Cantor Goodfriend was born into a Hassidic family in Poland. At the age of 16, he was interned in a German labor camp in Poland. Escaping in 1944, he was hidden by a Polish farmer and was the only member of his family to survive the war. After the war, he attended the Berlin Conservatory of Music, McGill Conservatory of Music in Montreal, Conservatoire Provincial de Quebec, and later in Ohio at the Music School Settlement and Baldwin Wallace College. Before coming to Atlanta, he served as cantor at Shaare Zion in Montreal, Canada in 1952, and later at Cleveland, Ohio’s Community Temple.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=1725.0,1846.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/annotation_set/2041/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e“I Never Saw Another Butterfly\" is a musical composition by Charles Davidson based on poems by children from the Terezin concentration camp during the Holocaust.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=1725.0,1846.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/annotation_set/2041/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe American Civil War, widely known in the United States as the “Civil War” or the “War Between the States,” was fought from 1861 to 1865 to determine the survival of the Union or independence for the Confederacy. In January 1861, seven Southern slave states declared their secession from the United States and formed the Confederate States of America. The Confederacy, often called the “South,” grew to include 11 states, and although they claimed 13 states and additional western territories, the Confederacy was never diplomatically recognized by a foreign country. The states that did not declare secession were known as the “Union” or the “North.” The war had its origin in the issue of slavery. After four years of bloody combat, which left over 600,000 Union and Confederate soldiers dead and destroyed much of the South's infrastructure, the Confederacy collapsed, slavery was abolished, and the difficult Reconstruction process of restoring national unity and granting civil rights to freed slaves began.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=1725.0,1846.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/annotation_set/2041/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSherry Frank\u003cbr\u003e (b. 1942) is a community activist from Atlanta who served as executive director of the Atlanta office of the American Jewish Committee from 1980 through 2006. She helped initiate the Atlanta Black-Jewish Coalition, Faith Alliance of Metro Atlanta, served on the board of the National Council of Jewish Women, and helped establish Congregation Or Hadash, serving as its president from 2009 to 2011. Her memoir, A Passion to Serve: Memoirs of a Jewish Activist, was published in 2019.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=1851.0,1890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/annotation_set/2041/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRabbi Harry Hyman Epstein (1903-2003) served as rabbi of Ahavath Achim Synagogue in Atlanta, Georgia from 1928 to 1982, when he became rabbi emeritus. Under Rabbi Epstein, the formerly Orthodox congregation began to shift to Conservative Judaism and officially joined the United Synagogue of America (now the United Synagogue of Conservative Judaism), in 1952.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=2032.0,2239.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/annotation_set/2041/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJewish men cover their heads during prayer with a small skullcap called a yarmulke (Yiddish), kippah (Hebrew) or yamaka (Yiddish). Orthodox Jewish men always wear it to remind themselves of G-d’s presence.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=2032.0,2239.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/annotation_set/2041/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIn 2006, a genetic study of mitochondrial DNA indicated that approximately 3.5 million or 40 percent of Ashkenazi Jews are descended from just four “founding mothers” who lived in Europe 1000 years ago. While there are four matriarchs in the Bible (Sarah, Rebekah, Rachel, and Leah), they are not the same four women identified in the genetic study. The founding mothers were part of a small group who founded the Ashkenazi Jewish community, which was established centuries after the biblical period because of migration from the Near East.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=2032.0,2239.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/annotation_set/2041/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOglethorpe University is a private college in Brookhaven, Georgia. It was founded in 1835 and named after General James Oglethorpe, who was the founder of the Georgia colony.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=2032.0,2239.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/annotation_set/2041/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDuring the 1950s, colleges in the United States had both formal and informal quotas to limit Jewish enrollment, especially in prestigious universities and medical schools. The quotas were largely phased out in the 1960s thanks to changing social attitudes and active governmental action.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=2032.0,2239.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/annotation_set/2041/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAlso known as Masorti Judaism, Conservative Judaism is a form of Judaism that seeks to preserve Jewish tradition and ritual but has a more flexible approach to the interpretation of the law than Orthodox Judaism. It attempts to combine a positive attitude toward modern culture, while preserving a commitment to Jewish observance. In general, Conservative congregations also observe gender equality (mixed seating, women rabbis, and bat mitzvah). The governing body for Conservative Judaism in the United States is the United Synagogue of Conservative Judaism (USCJ), formerly known as the United Synagogue of America.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=2283.0,2290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/annotation_set/2041/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMidtown High School, formerly Henry W. Grady High School, is a public high school located in Atlanta, Georgia, United States. It began as Boys High School and was one of the first two high schools established by Atlanta Public Schools in 1872. In 1947, the school was named after Henry W. Grady, a famous journalist and orator in the Reconstruction Era, but controversially, a white supremacist. In December 2020, the school's name was changed to Midtown High School.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=2290.0,2315.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/annotation_set/2041/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLyons Barnett Joel Jr. (III) (1934-2020) was a lifelong resident of Atlanta, Georgia, and son of Lyons B. Joel II and Dorothy Selig Joel. He was a president of Selig Chemical Industries, a division of National Service Industries (NSI). He was a graduate of University of Georgia and served in the United States Air Force. He and his first wife Renee had three children. She passed away in 2000 and in 2005, he married Gay Miller Kahn, who died in 2017.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=2322.0,2505.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/annotation_set/2041/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eNancy Gray Abrams (1938-2022) was originally from Massachusetts, where she attended Wellesley College. After moving to Atlanta, she worked as a substitute teacher, and taught Sunday School at the Temple. She also served as President of the Jewish Educational Loan Fund, held office in the National Council of Jewish Women, and was a member of the Atlanta Choral Guild and the Temple Singers. She and her husband, Harold, had two children. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=2322.0,2505.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/annotation_set/2041/annotation/177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHarold Eugene Abrams (1933-2014) graduated from the University of Michigan and Harvard Law School. He was an attorney with Kilpatrick, Townsend \u0026amp; Stockton LLP and after retiring he became a senior partner of Abrams, Davis, Mason \u0026amp; Long. Abrams was active in the law professional, as well as Atlanta’s civic and Jewish community. He and his wife, Nancy had two children.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=2322.0,2505.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/annotation_set/2041/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLeo Max Frank (1884-1915) was a Jewish factory superintendent in Atlanta, Georgia. In 1913, he was accused of raping and murdering one of his employees, a 13-year-old girl named Mary Phagan, whose body was found on the premises of the National Pencil Company. Frank was arrested, tried, convicted and sentenced to death for her murder. The trial was the catalyst for a great outburst of antisemitism led by the populist Tom Watson and the center of powerful class and political interests. Frank was sent to Milledgeville State Penitentiary to await his execution. Governor John M. Slaton, believing there had been a miscarriage of justice, commuted Frank’s sentence to life in prison. This enraged a group of men who styled themselves the “Knights of Mary Phagan.” They drove to the prison, kidnapped Frank from his cell and drove him to Marietta, Georgia where they lynched him. Many years later, the murderer was revealed to be Jim Conley, who had lied in the trial, pinning it on Frank instead. Frank was pardoned on March 11, 1986, although they stopped short of exonerating him.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=2322.0,2505.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/annotation_set/2041/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThomas Joseph Asher (1936-2022) was a native Atlantan, businessman and community leader. His great-grandfather was Jacob Elsas, the founder of the Fulton Bag and Cotton Mills. Asher attended Cornell University and served in the US Army before beginning his career in the financial services industry. He was president and chairman of the Rich Foundation for 12 years and served on numerous non-profit boards including the American Jewish Committee, the Breman Jewish Museum, and the Atlanta History Center. He and his wife, Rosalie Spring Savitt Asher, had three children. An oral history interview with Asher is available from the Breman Archive.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=2322.0,2505.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/annotation_set/2041/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAhavath Achim Synagogue (often referred to as \"AA\") was founded as an Orthodox congregation in 1887 in a small room on Gilmer Street. In 1901 they moved to a permanent building at the corner of Piedmont Avenue and Gilmer Street. In 1921, the congregation constructed a synagogue at Washington Street and Woodward Avenue. It joined the Conservative movement in 1952. The final service in the Washington Street building was held in 1958 to make way for construction of the Downtown Connector (the concurrent section of Interstate 75 and Interstate 85 through Atlanta). The synagogue moved to its current location on Peachtree Battle Avenue in 1958. As of 2022, Ahavath Achim is the largest Conservative synagogue in the Atlanta area.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=2322.0,2505.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/annotation_set/2041/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCarole is referring to the exhibit “Seeking Justice: The Leo Frank Case Revisited,” which was curated by the Breman Jewish Heritage and Holocaust Museum in 2008 and later exhibited at museums throughout the United States.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=2322.0,2505.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/annotation_set/2041/annotation/182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIn 2007, the International Tracing Service (now the Arolsen Archives) in Bad Arolsen, Germany opened its research facilities to the public and began the process of making its Central Name Index accessible. It contains information on approximately 17.5 million victims of Nazi persecution, providing names, photos, and other details about their fates. By 2019, these documents were mostly digitized and available online for research worldwide, though some sensitive information remains restricted due to data protection laws. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=2322.0,2505.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/annotation_set/2041/annotation/183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMiriam Alicia Pass Botnick (1935-) was born in Richmond, Virginia. She volunteered for more than 35 years as a certified ombudsman with the Georgia Long-term Care Ombudsman Program. She founded “Coping with Aging,” the first self-help group for adult children of aging parents that was sponsored by the Service Guild and met at the Atlanta Jewish Community Center.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=2322.0,2505.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/annotation_set/2041/annotation/184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMarvin Zachariah Botnick (1934-2020) was born New Orleans, Louisiana. He lived in Hattiesburg, Mississippi throughout his childhood. He graduated from Phillips Exeter Academy, a private boarding school in New Hampshire and Duke University in Durham, North Carolina. He relocated to Atlanta to pursue a career in finance, first as a commercial loan officer at First National Bank of Atlanta and, later, as president of Mercantile National Bank. He was editor and publisher of the Jewish Georgian, a bi-monthly newspaper in Atlanta, Georgia. He was treasurer and president at The Temple, treasurer for the Jewish Children’s Service, and a board member at the Atlanta Jewish Community Center and Whitehead Boys Club.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=2322.0,2505.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/annotation_set/2041/annotation/185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRonald E. Goldstein (1933-) is a world-renowned dentist specializing in esthetic dentistry. Born in Atlanta, he attended North Fulton High School, served with the US Army Dental Corps from 1954-1956, and graduated from Emory University School of Dentistry in 1957. He is an author and researcher who has published throughout his career, as well as a clinical professor of Restorative Sciences and Dentistry. Dr. Goldstein's work has also included numerous civic and philanthropic projects. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=2322.0,2505.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/annotation_set/2041/annotation/186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLouis Anthony “Tony” Montag is a native of Atlanta, Georgia, born in 1934. In 1982 he founded Montag, a wealth management firm in Atlanta. He attended the Marist School in Atlanta and graduated from the Lawrenceville School in Lawrenceville, New Jersey. He is a Chartered Financial Analyst (CFA) who obtained a B.A. from Yale University and an M.B.A. from Harvard Business School. His career began in 1960 when he joined Montag and Caldwell, an investment firm founded by his father Louis Adolph Montag. Tony founded his own firm, Montag Wealth Management in 1982. He served on the Board of Governors for the Hebrew Union College Institute of Religion and was a treasurer for The Temple in Atlanta.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=2322.0,2505.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908/annotation_set/2041/annotation/187","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJackie Montag (b. 1937) is a philanthropist and member of the Atlanta Jewish community. She was born in Mobile, Alabama, and attended Wellesley College and Rhodes College. She married Tony Montag and together they have four children. She has been involved in many philanthropic endeavors, including leadership roles with Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, The Temple, Skyland Trail, and Atlanta History Center.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/161106/file/292908#t=2322.0,2505.0"}]}]}]}