{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/g15t727z4n/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Sloman, Rella Solski/Saul (2004)"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["2004-03-17 (creation)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["Video"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source"]},"value":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum","Esther and Herbert Taylor Oral History Collection","Jewish Oral History Project of Atlanta"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eRella Saul Sloman was interviewed by Sara Ghitis and Ruth Einstein on March 17, 2004 in Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e (general)","\u003cp\u003eRella Solski Sloman (maiden name sometimes spelled \"Solsky\") was born May 22, 1928 in Kovno, Lithuania. Just outside the city, her family owned a mill which was very profitable.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eLithuania was occupied by the Russian in 1939 and then the Germans in 1941. When the Germans began their occupation, Rella and her family were moved into the Kovno ghetto where they stayed until 1944. In that year, the ghetto was evacuated, with most of the inhabitants were sent to one of two camps: Dachau or Stutthof. Rella and her family were hiding in a cellar when Rella, who became afraid they would run out of air and suffocate, began to cry, attracting the attention of the Nazis. Rella and her mother were sent to Stutthof. Her father, who blamed Rella for this discovery, she knew saw again; he perished in the Holocaust.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eRella and her mother survived work details in Stutthof and were later transferred to Thorn concentration camp. She survived the camps with her mother’s help and was taken to a hospital in Munich after liberation to be treated for tuberculosis. She went on to recuperate in Switzerland before she returned to Germany and married her husband, Bernard.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eEventually, Rella and Bernard were allowed to move to the United States. They first came to New York before settling in Atlanta with relatives. There, they started a family together, eventually having three kids. Rella Sloman passed away on January 21, 2021 at the age of 92.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eNOTE: at some point the family's name was changed from Solski to Saul.\u003c/p\u003e (bioghist)","\u003cp\u003eRella discusses her life before the Holocaust, spending time with her family in Kovno and taking summer trips to their house outside the city. She talks about the Jewish culture and life in Kovno, going into her family’s connection to Orthodox Judaism.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eShe moves on to talk about the early days of the war, of hiding in basements as Russian and German shells exploded overhead. She remembers Jewish men disappearing and other being taken out to preform forced labor. The ghetto becomes a prominent part of the story as she recounts moving into the ghetto and life inside its boundaries.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFrom there, she talks about being transferred to Stutthof concentration camp with her mother. There they were assigned to a work detail in Torun. She was liberated from this camp with her mother and transferred to a hospital in Munich where she was treated for tuberculosis and then sent to Switzerland for recover. Through her story of recovery, she talks about meeting her future husband.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe rest of the oral history discusses the process of her moving to the United States and establishing a life there. She intersperses this overall story with memories of her time in Israel and the births of her children.\u003c/p\u003e (scope content)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source Metadata URI"]},"value":{"en":["https://archivesspace.thebreman.org/repositories/2/archival_objects/28457"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject"]},"value":{"en":["Rella Saul (Solski) Sloman (personal name)","Julian (Zusel) Solski (personal name)","Dina Solski (personal name)","Charlie (Bezalel) Solski (personal name)","Yankel Leib Solski (personal name)","Bernard \"Bernie\" Sloman (personal name)","Julian Sloman (personal name)","Steven Sloman (personal name)","Saul Sloman (personal name)","Harold Yudelson (personal name)","Sol Yudelson (personal name)","Menachem Begin (personal name)","Ze'ev Jabotinsky (personal name)","Rueben Tepper (personal name)","Ida Weisse (personal name)","Sam Weisse (personal name)","Liam Newhouse (personal name)","Bella Newhouse (personal name)","Dr. Josef Mengele (personal name)","Gauting Sanitarium (corporate name)","Kovno, Lithuania (geographic term)","Torun, Poland (geographic term)","Goniadz, Poland (geographic term)","Landsberg, Germany (geographic term)","Munich, Germany (geographic term)","Davos, Switzerland (geographic term)","Atlanta, Georgia (geographic term)","Rome, Georgia (geographic term)","New York, United States of America (geographic term)","Poland (geographic term)","Germany (geographic term)","Lithuania (geographic term)","Switzerland (geographic term)","Israel (geographic term)","United States of America (geographic term)","Auschwitz-Birkenau Concentration Camp (geographic term)","Dachau Concentration Camp (geographic term)","Stutthof Concentration Camp (geographic term)","Kovno Ghetto (geographic term)","Concentration Camps (topical term)","Ghettos (topical term)","Crematoriums (topical term)","Identification Numbers (topical term)","Selection (topical term)","Holocaust (topical term)","Holocaust Survivors (topical term)","Holocaust Experiences (topical term)","War Experiences (topical term)","World War II (topical term)","Anti-Semitism (topical term)","Tuberculosis (topical term)","Jewish Holidays (topical term)"]}}],"summary":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eRella Saul Sloman was interviewed by Sara Ghitis and Ruth Einstein on March 17, 2004 in Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRella Solski Sloman (maiden name sometimes spelled \"Solsky\") was born May 22, 1928 in Kovno, Lithuania. Just outside the city, her family owned a mill which was very profitable.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eLithuania was occupied by the Russian in 1939 and then the Germans in 1941. When the Germans began their occupation, Rella and her family were moved into the Kovno ghetto where they stayed until 1944. In that year, the ghetto was evacuated, with most of the inhabitants were sent to one of two camps: Dachau or Stutthof. Rella and her family were hiding in a cellar when Rella, who became afraid they would run out of air and suffocate, began to cry, attracting the attention of the Nazis. Rella and her mother were sent to Stutthof. Her father, who blamed Rella for this discovery, she knew saw again; he perished in the Holocaust.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eRella and her mother survived work details in Stutthof and were later transferred to Thorn concentration camp. She survived the camps with her mother’s help and was taken to a hospital in Munich after liberation to be treated for tuberculosis. She went on to recuperate in Switzerland before she returned to Germany and married her husband, Bernard.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eEventually, Rella and Bernard were allowed to move to the United States. They first came to New York before settling in Atlanta with relatives. There, they started a family together, eventually having three kids. Rella Sloman passed away on January 21, 2021 at the age of 92.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eNOTE: at some point the family's name was changed from Solski to Saul.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRella discusses her life before the Holocaust, spending time with her family in Kovno and taking summer trips to their house outside the city. She talks about the Jewish culture and life in Kovno, going into her family’s connection to Orthodox Judaism.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eShe moves on to talk about the early days of the war, of hiding in basements as Russian and German shells exploded overhead. She remembers Jewish men disappearing and other being taken out to preform forced labor. The ghetto becomes a prominent part of the story as she recounts moving into the ghetto and life inside its boundaries.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFrom there, she talks about being transferred to Stutthof concentration camp with her mother. There they were assigned to a work detail in Torun. She was liberated from this camp with her mother and transferred to a hospital in Munich where she was treated for tuberculosis and then sent to Switzerland for recover. Through her story of recovery, she talks about meeting her future husband.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe rest of the oral history discusses the process of her moving to the United States and establishing a life there. She intersperses this overall story with memories of her time in Israel and the births of her children.\u003c/p\u003e"]},"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/110/426/small/Rella_Sloman.png?1619303393","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - Sloman_Rella_2004.mp4"]},"duration":5387.642,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/110/426/small/Rella_Sloman.png?1619303393","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-thebreman.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/110/426/original/Sloman_Rella_2004.mp4?1614858363","type":"Video","format":"video/mp4","duration":5387.642,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Sloman, Rella [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"GHITIS: Today is March 17, 2004.\n\nSLOMAN: Sixteen.\n\nEINSTEIN: Sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, right in there.\n\nGHITIS: We're interviewing Mrs. Rella Sloman S-L-O-M-A-N. My name is Sara\nGhitis. Could you please pronounce your name for me?\n\nSLOMAN: Maiden name, or you want the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"real, the, what I am. Yeah. Rella Sloman.\n\nGHITIS: And what is your name? Your maiden name?\n\nSLOMAN: Saul. In Lithuania it was Solski, and now it's Saul here in United States.\n\nGHITIS: And how do you spell it?\n\nSLOMAN: S-A-U-L.\n\nGHITIS: And how do you spell Solski?\n\nSLOMAN: S-O-L-S-K-I.\n\nGHITIS: Where were ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you born?\n\nSLOMAN: Lithuania, Kovno.\n\nGHITIS: When were you born?\n\nSLOMAN: May the 22nd , 1928.\n\nGHITIS: Your first name is Rella.\n\nSLOMAN: Right.\n\nGHITIS: Could you tell me a little about the name Rella?\n\nSLOMAN: Yeah. My grandma, may she rest in peace.\n\nGHITIS: Is there a Hebrew name?\n\nSLOMAN: No. She had two names. She had Rochel Rella, and my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=60.0,90.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"papa, olevesholem,\ndid not want two names, so he gave the way they called her, Rella.\n\nGHITIS: What were the names of your parents?\n\nSLOMAN: My papa's name was, in Lithuania, Zusel, but was Julian. My mama's name, Dina.\n\nGHITIS: Solski.\n\nSLOMAN: Right.\n\nGHITIS: What ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=90.0,120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"memories do you have about life before the war?\n\nSLOMAN: Very good ones. Very, very good ones. We were in good shape my family,\nand everybody said, the American uncles: \"Come to America,\" \"Come to Africa,\"\nand we never thought about it. When they came to see us, the picture that you\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=120.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"see it, my grandpa showed them everything how we lived, and so can we live like\nthat in America? Can we live like that? Both of them said: \"No, no wonder that\nyou don't want to move.\"\n\nGHITIS: What kind of work did your father do?\n\nSLOMAN: We had several things. My grandpa had a lot of farms. Also the factory.\nEverything was the family. Solski Brauder, the name ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=150.0,180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was of the family. I had one\naunt and her name was Brauder. That was my father's only sister. And five\nbrothers, they were five brothers, and we lived in Kovno. The factory was forty\nkilometers from Kovno. The farms were twenty miles from Kovno. The milk,\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=180.0,210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"everything used to bring to us to the house from the farms. And the . . . they\nused to sell it, but for the family, you know, we all lived in one place. I\ndon't know how to explain you \"a haif.\" Did you ever hear that that expression,\na haif? It was a big, big place in Kovno. It took two, it was on a, on the, on\nthe corner. Ugenyagusu and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=210.0,240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yamuno. Gatvė; Gatvė is a street in Lithuanisch.\nAnd besides the family was also rented a few places for different things, like,\nI don't know how to explain. There was a . . . in the same place. How do you say\na haif. A haif, you know, it closes every night.\n\nGHITIS: Is it like ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=240.0,270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a courtyard?\n\nSLOMAN: That's it. I can't remember that. A courtyard. And that's where the\nwhole family lived, Grandpa in the middle, and all the boys and my aunt on the side.\n\nGHITIS: What about your family? It was your parents?\n\nSLOMAN: And two brothers.\n\nGHITIS: Can you give me everybody's names?\n\nSLOMAN: Sure. My oldest brother was Charlie, that was Bezalel in Yiddish, and my\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=270.0,300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"little brother was Yankel Leib, which they killed him. My oldest brother\nsurvived because he was hidden by gentile people.\n\nGHITIS: What else do you remember about those years?\n\nSLOMAN: Very good years. Summertime. We had summer houses forty kilometers, like\nI said, from Kovno. We used to finish school and everybody used to travel back\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=300.0,330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there. Papa used to come and everybody, the whole family. And we lived too good,\nlet's put it that way.\n\nGHITIS: How about Jewish life?\n\nSLOMAN: My parents, my whole family, was Rebzinistim. You know what that is,\ndon't you? Menachem Begin's people. Ze'ev Jabotinsky? They were all in our\nhouse. The mahon you know what a mahon is? was on, next to our house, about two\nhouses away.\n\nGHITIS: You ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=330.0,360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"say they came to your house. Menachem Begin and Ze'ev Jabotinsky?\n\nSLOMAN: Olevesholem.\n\nGHITIS: What do you remember about their coming?\n\nSLOMAN: I was at that time I remember about seven or six years old, but all my\ncousins that you saw on the picture were grown ladies. As a matter of fact two\nof them already finished gymnasium. My brother also finished gymnasium, and I\njust started, you know. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=360.0,390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And he came, he was accepted like a family, both of\nthem, because when I came to Israel in 1973 before the war, I lived in the\nhouse--we bought a penthouse where Menachem Begin's mother, machutenesteh\nstayed. Her daughter was married to Menachem Begin's son Benny. Benny Ze'ev he\nwas named. And I said to her: \"You ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=390.0,420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"know, Sarah, if you see your mechutin, tell\nhim hello from the Solskis.\" So she went and told him. Usually, she told me\nlater, many a people said: \"I knew Menachem Begin, I knew Ze'ev Jabotinsky,\"\nolevesholem, but he didn't remember. Her, he asked right away: \"Wait a minute.\nWhat age is she? Is that the little girl that ran around when I was there?\" And\nsure enough, they knew Masha, he knew me, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=420.0,450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and me. \"Rellinka, she was a little\ngirl.\" And that was true; he remembered. He came right away to see me. As a\nmatter of fact, I have papers to show you that I was meeting him.\n\nGHITIS: Was there ever talk about the possibility of going to Israel, then Palestine?\n\nSLOMAN: My brother wanted to go very much, and one of my cousins, the oldest\none, Minah, did ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=450.0,480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"go. And what happened, she was a teacher and she fell, and there\nwas some rocks when you fall you get blutvergiftung, how do you say? You get\nblood poisoning. And there was a German woman who gave her blood, and my aunt,\nolevesholem, her name was also Dinah, went to see her there and put her on the\nfeet, and brought her, unfortunately, back home. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=480.0,510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And, of course, she was killed.\n\nGHITIS: What about religion?\n\nSLOMAN: Oh yeah. We were Orthodox. Kosher, going to Shul. My father was going\nonly once, twice a year: Rosh Hashanah, Yom Kippur. And he liked the big shul,\nthe Chorale shul, you know what that means? That was a beautiful Shul in Kovno.\nHor shul, the name was Hor shul. Why was it Chorale shul? Because children were\nsinging there ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=510.0,540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"beautifully. My grandpa was the gabbai of a Shul next, not far\nfrom us. And he was going every day, of course Shabbos. My mama, I remember,\nonly went also yontif, because women were not going on Shabbat in Lithuania. I\ndon't remember anybody, women, going to shul.\n\nGHITIS: Did your mother wear a wig?\n\nSLOMAN: No. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=540.0,570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"No. Nobody wore a wig. I don't remember anybody to wear a wig. No.\n\nGHITIS: But you were Orthodox in your . . .\n\nSLOMAN: Orthodox, yeah.\n\nGHITIS: Payess?\n\nSLOMAN: We didn't see anybody with payess. No, we didn't. My grandpa had a . . .\nyou know, a. . .\n\nGHITIS: Where did you go to school?\n\nSLOMAN: Schwabbe Gymnasium. Starting from the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=570.0,600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"first grade the whole family was\ngoing to the Schwabbe Gymnasium. It was one of the best gymnasium. Anybody who\nwent there spoke a good Hebrew, and I do speak a good Hebrew. When the Israelis\ncame in Germany after the war they didn't believe I'm not an Israeli. They said:\n\"Why do you say you're not an Israeli? At sabra.\" I told them: \"No,\nunfortunately, I wish I would have been sabra, I wouldn't have been in the, in\nsuch a horror.\" I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=600.0,630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was very ill.\n\nGHITIS: What language did you speak at home?\n\nSLOMAN: Russian and Yiddish. Mama told me when I was a little girl, she had\nanother maid for me, for the child, Polish, and I spoke beautifully Polish. So,\nwe need help after the war, the Polish girl came together and came to me back\nthe Polish. And I spoke very good Polish. And everybody ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=630.0,660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"said: \"In Lithuania you\nspoke?\" Yes, we had some people that spoke Polish too.\n\nGHITIS: What languages do you speak?\n\nSLOMAN: Hebrew, of course very well, Yiddish very well, Russian pretty good,\nbecause I'm starting to forget; I don't use it anymore. I was in Israeli, I had\na maid, a Russian maid, I spoke perfectly again. What else do I speak?\n\nGHITIS: Lithuanian?\n\nSLOMAN: No ma'am. Don't want to remember and don't remember. I washed my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=660.0,690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"hair\nfrom Lithuania. They were the Nazis. The Germans didn't kill us; they killed us.\nAnd I never forgave them. Don't want to hear about them.\n\nGHITIS: What do you remember about the early war years, how it started, how your\nlife changed?\n\nSLOMAN: The beginning we were in a basement, and we had ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=690.0,720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a basement and everybody\nwas sitting basement, and the bombs was flying, of course. And the Russian were\ngoing out and the German going in. And the Lithuanians says right away that all\nthe Jews were Communist. They were the Communist when the Russian were. But they\nsaid all the Jews were communist. So, Communist, so we have to kill them, right?\nSo that's how it started, I remember. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=720.0,750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Friday, it was a Friday, it was kind of\ntwo, three o'clock, maybe earlier, and all the men from our -- what did you say\nthe haif called? I forgot again.\n\nGHITIS: Courtyard.\n\nSLOMAN: The courtyard. Everybody from the courtyard, the men they took away. And\nas I understand, later when my papa and my uncles came back they said there was\na lot of men, and they were digging ditches. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=750.0,780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Burial. They didn't know, but my\nbrother saw a partisan--do you know the partisans, the ones that killed us, you\nknow that, the Lithuanish partisan--and he was afraid from him, because he was\nworking for us and he wasn't too sweet. He could see he's anti-Semite. But when\nhe saw my brother, he said: \"Take, Solski, take all you, anybody you can and\nI'll ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=780.0,810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"carry you out from here, because after you finish digging, they kill you,\nthe first ones.\" And I remember it was raining when they came back, wet, and\nthey came to there, and they said: \"Oy, oy, I bet the rest of the people there\nthey were killed.\" He took just those that was around him, and that was the\nfamily and the neighbors.\n\nGHITIS: Did they come back?\n\nSLOMAN: No. That's where my one uncle that was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=810.0,840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"running to Russia and they caught\nhim on the way. The one I told you that, Minah, was in Israel. My nose is\nitching; can I touch myself? She was pregnant, my cousin. She married the day\nthe war, the Russian came in and she was pregnant, and they all were running to\nRussia, and they caught them and they killed them all.\n\nGHITIS: Do you know what year it was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=840.0,870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when the men were taken away?\n\nSLOMAN: Well, my family was with me in the ghetto till the end, like my father.\nMy uncle was killed, my grandpa was killed. You know we had aktias. I don't know\nhow to explain.\n\nGHITIS: Aktionen.\n\nSLOMAN: Yes, aktionen. They was a ten thousand people that they took in one day\nand never saw them again. That was my uncles, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=870.0,900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the picture you saw, ninety\npercent was there. My grandpa and my step-grandma, and my brothers started\nbegging they shall let my grandpa, my uncles go, and they . . . because it was\nalready dark. At first, they walked one right, one left, but when it got dark,\nthey didn't look right, left, right, left and the family was going all together.\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=900.0,930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Somebody's in the yard -- who is that? A schwarz?\n\nGHITIS: I want to go back to the story you just told me about the men being\ntaken away. You said they never returned.\n\nSLOMAN: No. I said those who dig those ditches, my father, my brother, my\nuncles, they all came back that Friday evening, when it was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=930.0,960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"raining, pouring.\nThey came like, like you-- know we were surprised because it was already dark,\nreal dark, and they said what that Partisan told them, to take those shovels on\ntheir shoulders and he'll carry them. He was holding those guns like he was\ngoing to kill them and my brother was very surprised because he wasn't--he\ndidn't even want him to look at him, because he was thinking he's an\nanti-Semite, he doesn't ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=960.0,990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"like, you know, what looks like my Jew, you know?\n\nGHITIS: Do you remember how you went to the ghetto?\n\nSLOMAN: Oh yeah. Never forget it. We had to go somewhere else, you know. So a\nfriend of ours, my brother's friends, they were together in school and college,\nthey had ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=990.0,1020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"some man in Slobotke that wanted their apartment, or house, whatever,\nand they wanted to take us with them, and we did. We moved in that house both\nfamilies, our family, Wharton's, they were the name Wharton. And we with horses\nand buggies, what you ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=1020.0,1050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"could, clothes and furniture. Of course, you couldn't take\nall of it. Then they took away five hundred men, five hundred and fifty men, and\nbetween those five hundred and fifty men was my uncle, one of my uncle, and they\nkilled them right away. Young people. My uncle must have been in the thirties.\nThey, of course, killed them. All of them. That was the first one, before the\nghetto was closed ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=1050.0,1080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"even. Was still open.\n\nGHITIS: So you remember moving into the ghetto?\n\nSLOMAN: Of course. Of course. I used to go and stay in lines for food. I used to\ngo. They used to send me to go see if they're catching men or if they doing\nsomething, because I was a child still. I was eleven and a half, twelve years\nold. I used to go. And I really didn't look Jewish at all. I looked like a\nRussian ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=1080.0,1110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"girl. But, my father didn't want me to go away from the ghetto. Because\nmy brother wanted to take my little brother, so my mother didn't want to give\nhim because he was just eight years old, and I didn't understand why my father\ndidn't want it, but I overheard one time he said: \"I'd rather have her dead than\nhas v'halilah they should shend her.\" You know what \"shending\" means? Abuse.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=1110.0,1140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"GHITIS: What made you able to leave the ghetto?\n\nSLOMAN: I didn't leave the ghetto.\n\nGHITIS: No, no, how could you have left the ghetto?\n\nSLOMAN: My brother became a policeman, who get together with those guys that\nwatch the ghetto, and that was Partisans. He would have taken my little brother\nin a sack and come back and would have taken me. I don't ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=1140.0,1170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"know. He didn't say\nbecause my papa didn't want to hear about it. So it was finished. And my mother\ndidn't want to hear about a child to take away. I remember when my father came\nfrom work and didn't find his child, my little brother. \"Leibele! You gave away\nLeibele!\" And he sits down, and you know walking up, it was two steps, and he\nlooked at one point, like he ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=1170.0,1200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"loses his mind. You have the feeling that he's\nlosing his mind. That's the way he was, he was besides himself. What can I tell you?\n\nGHITIS: Do you know how long you stayed in the ghetto?\n\nSLOMAN: Yes, I do. We came in 1941, June. I don't know. I'm not sure. My mother\nused to remember all the. And we walked out in July, I think, in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=1200.0,1230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"1944. They took\nus out from. We had a malina. You know what a malina was? A basement that opened\nup liked a piece, like you know, to get in and get out. And we got water and we\ngot food, and we got--Thirty-five people went down there. And we were sitting.\nWe knew that they were taking those away. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=1230.0,1260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One day, two days, the third day the\ncandle wouldn't stay light, lighting. So I remember in school, teva, teva, you\nknow, we learned what can happen when you don't have oxygen and all that\nbusiness. So I start crying, start crying: \"Daddy, let's get out from here.\nWe'll choke to death.\" And while I was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=1260.0,1290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"hollering, the German came in the house.\nOf course, they start looking where the calls come, what's happening. And they\nopened the--there was a rug on it, and they took off the rug and they took off\nthe rug and they beat everybody, especially the men. They hit with some sticks,\nthey were the German. Raus, raus, raus, and everybody got to go on a big place\nwhere they used to make those selections. And ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=1290.0,1320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"my father's words, I'll never\nforget: \"Mein Kind, You killed us. Help yourself who can.\" And he ran away, back\nin the same place, we find out later. And went down there and somebody closed\nthem up, that was in big blocks. Two big blocks. Two malinen. Malinen were those\nplaces where they hide, was surviving. Two, only two, because they had ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=1320.0,1350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"three\nweeks, they couldn't break through the Russian, the front, and they had plenty\nof time to kill. So my father said to that man: \"My wife's, everybody's killed .\n. .\". He said to that man. So here . . . And my father was choked there, because\nmy brother, soon as they opened up, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=1350.0,1380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"he took a boat because there was a . . . a\nwater, a big water, and he run in ghetto, and he knew where we were living, and\nI'll tell you how. A dentist lady moved in, and they had those big chairs where\nyou know . . . and it was standing in front of the door. And my brother saw that\nand start digging. And he digged and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=1380.0,1410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"digged and digged. He didn't find no life.\nI found out he choked, for sure, to death. The whole ghetto was just ruined. In\nruins. My nerves are . . .\n\nGHITIS: Where did you go from the ghetto?\n\nSLOMAN: Stutthof. They took us in, they took us where you take cattles and\nhorses, and you know, little window, and it was two ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=1410.0,1440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"buckets in each thing. Can\nyou imagine? A lot of people. We couldn't sit down even. We were standing. And\nthree days and we came to Stutthof. And in Stutthof, they took us out and put us\nagain in a big place, and we saw the chimney is smoking, and we saw a lot of\nshoes. A lot of shoes, a big in the middle. And ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=1440.0,1470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they said to go in, and nobody\nwent out. So everybody was just trying . . . maybe something will happen. And\neverybody was moving, moving away. What, they came in the night and we had to go\nin, and they told us to undress. Naked. And there was a table in the middle. And\nthey were checking ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=1470.0,1500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"us. And they used to laugh when they saw girls that hadn't\nhad nothing to do with nobody. And they walked to her and laughed. We washed\nourselves. They told us to wash. They gave us those striped jackets and pants,\nand we were alive. We walked out and we are alive. In blocks. In each block was\nfour ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=1500.0,1530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"beds, you know, and I said to my mama: \"Mama, we got to go to the highest\nbed.\" And three to a bed. Was like single beds, you know? And one girl, that she\ndidn't survive unfortunately, were lying . . . so it was a good idea, because\nwhen you used to go in to heat somebody, the first is . . . and then exactly it\nwas the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=1530.0,1560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"food, right in our window. We could see through the window. And my\ncousin, may she rest in peace, twenty-five years she was married to my cousin,\nSolski also, the same name, and she must have gotten two soups or whatever. He\nput her down on a chair. He was hitting her twenty-four hours till she fell and\ndied. In our face.\n\nGHITIS: Were they punishing ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=1560.0,1590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"her for something?\n\nSLOMAN: Yeah. As I said, she must have gotten either two soups or extra bread,\nsomething happened. They didn't know her. Was a terrible . . . in that Stutthof.\nMax. A Pollack with funny eyes. You know, he looked like that. And he was so\nmean, you cannot imagine. When he got somebody, that was the end.\n\nGHITIS: When you were undressed and made to change ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=1590.0,1620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"into the uniform, who was in charge?\n\nSLOMAN: German. All German.\n\nGHITIS: Men or women?\n\nSLOMAN: Men, men, young, young, I don't think it was Nazis or it was the\nWehrmacht. I think it was the Wehrmacht, because it was the green boys, not the\nblack ones. Later we had the black ones, you know, with, you know-- that was the\nWehrmacht. Young, young, very young, they were ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=1620.0,1650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"laughing.\n\nGHITIS: How about your hair?\n\nSLOMAN: No. Luckily, didn't cut my hair.\n\nGHITIS: Numbers?\n\nSLOMAN: Yeah, but not in the hands, but on the top in the clothes. They gave\nwhite, painted on numbers, and we had to sew it. How we got the needle and the\nthing I don't remember. I swear to you, I don't remember.\n\nGHITIS: What was your life like?\n\nSLOMAN: Horrible. We didn't work. We had to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=1650.0,1680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"stay three times a day on appel . .\n. And you know, some weren't standing straight. If they were knocking. And twice\na day they gave us to eat. In the morning it was tsukoya coffee, and in the\nevening, soup. Some kind of soup. We did got margarine. The first time in our\nlife, and it was so good. We didn't know what it was, but one of the girls ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=1680.0,1710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"saw\nit and said: \"That's butter.\" But it was margarine.\n\nGHITIS: How about your mother?\n\nSLOMAN: Oh, she was wonderful. If not of my mother I wouldn't have survived.\n\nGHITIS: How old was your mother?\n\nSLOMAN: My mother was young. When she walked out, she was forty-five.\n\nGHITIS: And how old were you?\n\nSLOMAN: Twelve, in the three years, fourteen-and-a-half, almost fifteen.\n\nGHITIS: How long did you stay in Stutthof?\n\nSLOMAN: Three weeks. That ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=1710.0,1740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was the Erholungslag. They prepared others to go to\nwork. They took us on boats, little boats, and again something happened that you\nhave to know about. Anybody who would got the number, got a soup. The middle of\nthe day. And they never gave soup. So, right away, Stutthof, got my number, got\nmy soup. I didn't realize that my mother is ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=1740.0,1770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not behind me; She's a little\nfarther from me, and she had another number. I had 412-something, I don't\nremember. Well, my mother had 42. And they weren't supposed to know it's a\nmother and a daughter, because they weren't interested we should be together.\nSo, I used to cry and my mama used to cry. We didn't know if we're go on in the\nsame boat and didn't want nobody to see. They should not. They gave us ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=1770.0,1800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"some\nclothes, by the way. They took away those, and they threw some clothes. Lucky\nme. I got an extra skirt. And you weren't supposed to have more than one dress.\nMy dress was a black one . . . little holes, little holes, and that was that was\ndisastrous, because lice used to go in and that was disastrous. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=1800.0,1830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"My mama used to,\nwe were making ditches for the army, and I used to be down in the ditch and my\nmama used to take the clothes and clean it and, naked.\n\nGHITIS: You were making ditches when you were where?\n\nSLOMAN: When they sent us with the boats to Torun. I think it was Torun. The\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=1830.0,1860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"place where we were ditching those ditches.\n\nGHITIS: And this was where?\n\nSLOMAN: Torun. In Polish. That's all I remember, Torun.\n\nGHITIS: Was this?\n\nSLOMAN: It was on . . . there was--you know, when you go on a camping you put it\nup. What do you call that?\n\nGHITIS: A tent.\n\nSLOMAN: Tents. Twelve in a tent. It was six mothers and six daughters. And if\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=1860.0,1890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"one wanted to turn around, everybody had to turn around, because it was that\nclose. It was terrible. When you come from work and it was raining, we had to\nput the clothes underneath to dry it out. I had a blanket. My mother had a\nblanket. My mother had a short coat she got when they were throwing, so she used\nto take that blanket in the daytime and cover up, you know, her ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=1890.0,1920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"body. And I used\nto do that too, because if not, you couldn't find it later. I remember like\ntoday. Five o'clock in the morning. It was cold. I didn't have no shoes. I got\nsome kind of sandals from wood either from Holland or from something, with a\nwire. You had a close it up with a wire. It was open, and was terrible cold, and\nI begged my mama--They used to make selections--\"Let's go, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=1920.0,1950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Mama. Just to be warm\none time. I don't care if it kills me, Stutthof, but let's go back to Stutthof.\"\nMy mama: \"Nein, mein Kind, nein. God will help us.\" \"Where is God, Mama? Why is\nhe doing it to us? What have we done? What did I do?\" \"Oh, see? You're asking\nquestions. God doesn't like when you ask questions.\" That's how she believed,\nthat we'll survive. That last time there was a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=1950.0,1980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"selection, and what they used to\ndo, we knew that we're going to death because if somebody had some shoes, they\ngave, took it away and gave it to those who left. So we knew something is going\non. There was the third time or the fourth time, a guard beat on me. I said:\n\"Mama, I can't take it anymore. Let's go back to Stutthof. I want to warm up one\ntime in my life.\" \"Oy, gut mein Kind.\" ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=1980.0,2010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We came. The Schnabel, the man from our\nconcentration camp, for that place where we worked was, Schnabel. Why did we\ncall him Schnabel? Names we didn't know. He used to call: \"You big schnabel!\"\n\"die grosse . . .\" Yeah, the German, schnabel. So we called him the \"Schnabel.\"\nAnd then.\n\nGHITIS: Excuse me. What does the word \"Schnabel\" mean?\n\nSLOMAN: Big nose. Schnabel. And the other one was a fat guy and his name was\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=2010.0,2040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Kosky. I'll never forget that one. Seven years, seiben jahre ich war gewarte.\nAnd he used to have a, a thing, you know, a long one, like for animals. And he\nused to hit anybody who got it, it was terrible. And a murderer. But look guys,\nif you need to live. It came Christmas time and him and the Schnabel were gone\non ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=2040.0,2070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"vacation, and a nice old man, in the black he was. They were already then in\nSS, you know, in black with the hats, you know, and . . . He was nice. His name\nwas Polschein. I cannot forget him. I'll never forget that man. He hollered\nsometimes because he had to, but he didn't touch nobody. You could feel he's a,\nsort of like a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=2070.0,2100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"mensch. When they went away, they took us in a mill. Big, great\nbig mill, because the planes were already running around, and we wanted to be\nkilled from the planes. We were better off to get killed from the planes, but\nthey didn't throw nothing on us. We lived. And that Polschein had to take us to\nwalk a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=2100.0,2130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"big, big walk What shall I tell you? A--wait, what do you say? It's water\non the bottom and--\n\nGHITIS: A--\n\nSLOMAN: --A brick!\n\nGHITIS: A bridge.\n\nSLOMAN: A bridge! We walked four days. Before we were to go to walk, I dreamed.\nNever dreamed in my life, just one time. I dreamed that Polschein, that good\nguy, is on a white horse, and the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=2130.0,2160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"horse is on two legs, and we are in a ditch.\nAnd he said: \"Go, go go!\" And it cut out, and I said: \"Mama. I had that dream.\"\nShe said: \"What, mein Kind?\" and everything was good by her. If it would be a\nbad dream, she still would say good. It's a good. When she hear that dream she\nsaid . . . And I cried, and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=2160.0,2190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sure enough, he left us in a ditch where Polish\nwomen were there and there was those-- not from material, the way we walked, but\nfrom flannier. What do you call flannier?\n\nGHITIS: Flannel?\n\nSLOMAN: Yeah. No, flannier. Wood. What do you call, you know that light wood\nmade, made for-- There must have been Polish people because when we walked in\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=2190.0,2220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there the lice was impossible. They were eating us. A Jewish guy from Moscow--we\nwere the first concentration camp freed--and he was standing like that with the\nhorse. I didn't go out, but my mama, I couldn't walk already, was just like I\ntold on the dream. He start ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=2220.0,2250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"shooting in the top because he didn't know who they\nare, you know. And he start crying \"Yidden, Yidden . . .\" That was the first\nlager. Nobody was yet alive. He told us to go back. \"Go back from here!\" But in\nthe middle, I forgot to tell you something. We walked and we met English people.\nThey were also by the German. What do you call it?\n\nGHITIS: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=2250.0,2280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"POWs?\n\nSLOMAN: That's right. But English, from England. Gorgeous ones, beautiful\ndressed. With excellent shoes. We takes a shawls. And when they saw us, they\nstart throw -- the shoes and the shawls, and some of them took off even the\njackets. You know, the chenille. And I couldn't walk already, so one, I'll never\nforget him, ran to me with a jar ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=2280.0,2310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of strawberries and pushed it in my. And that\nsaved our life. In the night we used to lick, mama a lick and me a lick.\nOtherwise I wouldn't survive because I was deathly ill. I was three years in a\nsanitarium. Gauting. Tuberculosis.\n\nGHITIS: So that was liberation.\n\nSLOMAN: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=2310.0,2340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That was a liberated, yea. In Landsberg. In Landsberg, they find out\nthat I'm very ill. My mama, may she rest in peace, she was a wonderful lady.\nEverybody's dancing and everybody's singing: \"Look, mein kind, why you not going\nthere?\" I have God knows how much fever already. I was deathly ill. But she\ndidn't want to see that, you know? Well, when the doctor put that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=2340.0,2370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"thing down,\nright away he grabbed on to my mama to get out, and right away they got a, you\nknow, what do you call the sick people?\n\nGHITIS: Typhoid? Typhus?\n\nSLOMAN: No. Tuberculosis. And right away to Gauting the sanitarium. I was there\nfor three years.\n\nGHITIS: Where was it?\n\nSLOMAN: Munich. Three miles from Munich. Three kilometers.\n\nGHITIS: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=2370.0,2400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So--\n\nSLOMAN: No, excuse me it was farther, because you had to take the train to go,\nand then walk three miles, three kilometers, so it was far.\n\nGHITIS: Was your mother with you?\n\nSLOMAN: Mother was left in Landsberg still, but because I was open, anybody\ncould catch it, you ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=2400.0,2430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"know that, so they didn't let her yet come.\n\nGHITIS: Who was in charge of the sanitorium?\n\nSLOMAN: German. It was two Jewish doctors. One was a funny thing. My husband-- I\nmet him there--was from his little city. He was a doctor and he survived. And\nanother one, his name was Kaplan -- I remember, a tall guy -- he was Jewish too.\nThe rest of them, they were all German. Oh, and you ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=2430.0,2460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"know, they wore, you know\nlike, you know with the white.\n\nGHITIS: Aprons?\n\nSLOMAN: Not just aprons, the whole thing, the whole schmeer. You know, they wore\nwhat do you call those?\n\nGHITIS: Masks.\n\nSLOMAN: Not masks. No, no, no. They were nurses that like, we had-- nurses that\nwere very religious.\n\nGHITIS: Nuns.\n\nSLOMAN: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=2460.0,2490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Nuns! Nuns! How do you like that? Nuns, my dear, nuns. And I remember\nthey wanted to take me in another place, and I was already there with some girls\nand I was already a little better, I had no fever, so I used to say to the\ngirls: \"You talk to her and I'll make fever.\" And I could stay still there.\n\nGHITIS: How did you meet your husband?\n\nSLOMAN: He was there. He had besides he had a little ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=2490.0,2520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"tuberculosis, he had water,\nand he had Gelbsaucht. Do you know what that is? You're yellow. Very yellow. Yellongitis.\n\nGHITIS: Hepatitis.\n\nSLOMAN: Oh. And he was there, and he saw me from far away.\n\nGHITIS: Where did he come from?\n\nSLOMAN: From Auschwitz, Dachau. He was everywhere. You name it and he was. He\nhad a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=2520.0,2550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"number. He was five years all over. Bless you, you sneezed. He lost his\nmother and his whole family in one day. His mother said to an uncle and to him:\n\"Go over the bridge and stay out, because the German came, they probably need\nsome workers and they'll take you away.\" Who could think that they'll take the\nwhole little city, nebach and . . .\n\nGHITIS: What was his name?\n\nSLOMAN: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=2550.0,2580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Beryleh. Bernie. Bernard. His name was in Yiddish Beryl. Wonderful guy.\n\nEINSTEIN: What city does he come from?\n\nSLOMAN: Goniadz, Poland. From Poland. He was born there -- did you know,\nolevesholem, Bernard Halperin? Does anybody know that name Halperin?\n\nEINSTEIN: I know the name, but . . .\n\nSLOMAN: He was with him in one school, olevesholem. He died from cancer ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=2580.0,2610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I\nremember, young, 56.\n\nGHITIS: So, you were at this place, and he was at this place--\n\nSLOMAN: Yeah, and he saw me. Just saw me from far away. I looked--No, a matter\nof fact, some young girl she was still alive, Gott zu danken came to see him\nfrom that city. He was there. And he needed a place for her to sleep. I was in a\nbig, big room. What shall I tell you? When they opened the door, I was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=2610.0,2640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"more\nafraid that they going to cut me or something. They had to come to that room\nbefore they know where to put you. And she was sleeping next to me, and nothing\nhappened to her, Gott zu danken. Do you see she's still alive? She's older than\nme. But she came to see my husband and he looked . . . At that time it really\nwas terrible, but later I went for x-rays or something, he saw ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=2640.0,2670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"me and fell in\nlove right away.\n\nGHITIS: What happened?\n\nSLOMAN: What happened?\n\nGHITIS: You fall in love and--?\n\nSLOMAN: Fall in love and I was sick, and I had to go to Switzerland. My family\nsent me to Switzerland. That's what saved my life.\n\nGHITIS: How did they find the money to do that?\n\nSLOMAN: My family? Very rich people. South ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=2670.0,2700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Africa and Atlanta. They sent me.\nRight away, when doctor said: \"she needs to save her life.\" It was right away.\n\nGHITIS: So you went to Switzerland--\n\nSLOMAN: --and he was left in Germany. I was sick. I wasn't in love, I was sick.\nCareful, you know. I became eighteen years old, I remember, had a friend who\nsent me a card. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=2700.0,2730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hi. I do remember that. I'll show you, I have a little card from\nmy friend, olevesholem, she passed away in Israel. Vergiss mich nicht. She sent\nme that thing. I shall not forget her and I haven't. I was to her funeral, nebach.\n\nGHITIS: Your mother?\n\nSLOMAN: My mother was left in Germany, of course.\n\nGHITIS: How long did you stay in Switzerland?\n\nSLOMAN: Two years.\n\nEINSTEIN: Where in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=2730.0,2760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Switzerland?\n\nSLOMAN: Davos. In the hill. I used to sleep in the daytime, in fur, outside.\nThey knew how to deal. I got pneumothorax. I don't know if you know what that\nis. You do know? Needles like that into my ribs and my left side. I had that for\nfive years.\n\nGHITIS: Did you stay in touch with the man who became your husband ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=2760.0,2790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"during your\ntime in Switzerland?\n\nSLOMAN: No Nothing. My mama liked a Lithuanisch guy, the one who sent me chai.\nHe was from Lithuania, from Kovno, and my mama, but he was short, and I didn't\nlike short people. My mother kept on saying, \"No, Louis.\" Louis Brouder. So I\ntold my mama to marry him, so she lived . . . When I came back from Switzerland,\nI was supposed to go buy some ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=2790.0,2820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"meat. It wasn't easy to get meat in Germany,\nMunich. In meantime, I used to go in to movie, I tell my mama the meat not ready\nyet, stories. And one day I go and he comes in the front of me. He said: \"I was\nthinking you are in Switzerland.\" I said: \"No, no I already came back.\" \"Where\ndo you live?\" So I said: \"on Gissele.\" \"Gissele, what number?\" So ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=2820.0,2850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"my husband,\nolevesholem, was very quiet person, a shemevdik, how do you say that?\n\nGHITIS: Shy.\n\nSLOMAN: Very shy. Listen, he was shot through his face, and one of his face was\nbeautiful--you didn't see I'll show you in a minute--and the other one was a\npiece of bone. He was going with a train, like I said, and he was sitting on a\nbucket. He turned over the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=2850.0,2880.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"bucket and was sitting on it. People were running\naway or something, they were shooting. That thing went by and the other one got\nkilled, with the same bullet. He said he didn't know if he's alive or he's dead.\nBut that thing was a . . . because he didn't have no medicine, no nothing. The\npaper from moll, when he walked in, moll, you know, from cement. He used to\nhide, because if they would have ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=2880.0,2910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"seen that, they would have sent him right away\nin fire. Matter of fact, Mengele, three times he went through Mengele. And what\nhe used to do? He used to wait until a lot of people were on the good side and\nhe used to give a loyfn, and he couldn't find it. Everything we need to live. Bashert!\n\nGHITIS: Loyfn is run.\n\nSLOMAN: Run. That's right. Running in the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=2910.0,2940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"good, where everybody's ok. Then he\nwasn't the type to run to work in Auschwitz and Dachau. In Auschwitz, there was\nin Auschwitz, when his uncle was well, he was ok, my Bernie was with sores all\nover, he was terrible. And -- Liebl was his uncle's name -- and he wanted to\nrest, and he said, \"Liebl, Liebl, let's go to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=2940.0,2970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"work.\" So Liebl didn't know what\nhe's talking about. He was the one who usually didn't want to go to work. And\nLeibl ran after him, and Bernie was the last line, the rest of them had to go\nback. And when he came back from work, all of those were burned. Everybody said:\n\"Du lebst und Liebl nicht?\" Because he, he was no ok, if he is ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=2970.0,3000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not ok. Some . .\n. you know, like a hundred people they needed, and the rest of them they killed.\nHe was a young, good looking man, his uncle.\n\nGHITIS: So you met again in Germany. In what city were you?\n\nSLOMAN: Munich.\n\nGHITIS: What happened then?\n\nSLOMAN: He asked me if he can come to see me and I said yeah. And I told him\nwhere I lived ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=3000.0,3030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and he called me Rellie, for some reason. My mama opens the door\nand he says, \"Rellie!\" My mama was funny. She said: \"There is no Rellie. They\ndon't know Rella.\" So right away I understood, and he said . . . And he came to\nmy house. And that's how we start going out.\n\nEINSTEIN: Did you say he was a doctor?\n\nSLOMAN: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=3030.0,3060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"No.\n\nEINSTEIN: I'm sorry.\n\nSLOMAN: No, Bernie, no. Bernie was learning fixing radios, things like that.\n\nGHITIS: Tell me about the wedding.\n\nSLOMAN: The wedding. Bernie was in a room where was a man, his name was\nHalperin, I think. A older ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=3060.0,3090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"man who had a German girl, woman, and he lived with\nher. She was a Nazi because somebody told what--look needed a place to live, so\nhe had a room there. And that woman had china and--don't talk about it--the\nnicest things. He insists the guy from the city, that we should have the wedding\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=3090.0,3120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in Munich by him in her house. It was a good looking rabbi came, two, three\nrabbis. I have pictures from that too, if you want to see it, I'll give them to show.\n\nGHITIS: Who else was at the wedding?\n\nSLOMAN: My mom. My brother didn't like me to get married. He walked out from\nthat place, from three years ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=3120.0,3150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"crazy. \"You didn't let me save my little brother .\n. .\" He used to tell my mama that. Can you imagine how she felt? \". . . You\ncouldn't live without them.\" \"But you're living, Mama.\" Can you imagine? So he\nwas really, what shall I tell you, he really need to be under psychiatry, but\nthen, who knew about it and what? He used to cry, a good looking, handsome man\nused ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=3150.0,3180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to stand up and start crying, and he didn't want me to get married. He\nliked Bernie, and he said to him: \"Don't marry her. She'll have her mother, and\nthey'll kill you, they'll eat you up.\" And he wouldn't come to the wedding. And\nhe didn't. He was not normal. And how do I know he was not normal? Because he\ngot married with a very good looking woman. Not too smart, but good looking,\nreally. She was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=3180.0,3210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"singing beautifully in New York. He was in Atlanta, but Atlanta\nwas too small for meshugener, so he went to a cousin in New York. He was here\nfor the Feldman's, was my cousins too, and he worked for them, and he went to\nNew York. And he married that good looking woman. My mama was in the wedding. He\nhad two sons. Every animal can be mean to anybody, but ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=3210.0,3240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not to his child. And he\nwas very mean to his two sons. Very mean. So I knew that he's not normal. Do you\nknow what I mean? What can I tell you? . . . you know? She was in love with him,\nso she married him. He divorced her, ran away to Israel, then he came back.\nPassed away in Florida. A heart ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=3240.0,3270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"attack.\n\nGHITIS: What happened after you were married.\n\nSLOMAN: There was a little room, very, very little. So that little room was a\nmaid's room, you know like the Germans had big houses and was living there two,\nthree families and that little room was for me and Bernie. And the papers came\nto go. And for me not.\n\nGHITIS: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=3270.0,3300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"To go where?\n\nSLOMAN: To America. And for me not. So he said he's not going alone. I have to\ngo with him, So we start all over, the papers to do again.\n\nGHITIS: Did you consider Israel?\n\nSLOMAN: Yes, but Bernie had an uncle, olevesholem, also, very nice man, and he\nwas in a kibbutz. He was in Poland in a kibbutz and he came, and he was working,\nyou know, it was bad times. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=3300.0,3330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He wrote him a letter, find out that he's alive with\nan uncle here in New York, and they find out, and he said: \"You lived through\nplenty. Things are not good, nothing to eat, and if I understand, you hungered\nplenty in your life. You'll come back later. \"\n\nGHITIS: What year was this?\n\nSLOMAN: When we went to--? 1950. We left Munich in 1950 and came here, in 1951\nin Atlanta, in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=3330.0,3360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"January.\n\nGHITIS: So how did you finally get papers to come to America?\n\nSLOMAN: Yeah . . . Truman opened the doors, that's what happened. Yeah. Truman\nopened the doors.\n\nGHITIS: Your husband had an uncle?\n\nSLOMAN: In New York. He worked, he worked for a lawyer. Nothing much, you know\nwhat I mean. Two daughters. He had two daughters, and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=3360.0,3390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"then the uncle in Israel.\n\nGHITIS: How did you travel?\n\nSLOMAN: By boat. Captain Ballou was that boat. It was winter, December, and that\nboat was-- don't talk about it. My husband was deadly ill. It was good that I\nworked as a nurse on that boat, so in the night I used to take soup, tea,\notherwise I don't think he would have ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=3390.0,3420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"survived. He looked terrible.\n\nGHITIS: Did you have training as a nurse?\n\nSLOMAN: Not really. When I was in Switzerland they trained us, you know what I\nmean? It was hours that they trained us. It was a nice doctor there. I was in a\nprivate place, I wasn't . . . my family paid for it.\n\nGHITIS: Tell me about your arrival in New York.\n\nSLOMAN: Was wonderful. It was so ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=3420.0,3450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"funny. It was a guy with us that traveled and\nhe said: \"Don't say . . .\" So we look at him. \"So how shall we say?\" . . . And\nthat was very hard to get used to it. Because people didn't understand the time,\nyou know what I mean, because we didn't understand how to say. And everybody laughed.\n\nGHITIS: It's saying 1:30\n\nSLOMAN: That's ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=3450.0,3480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"right\n\nGHITIS: Instead of saying 1:30\n\nSLOMAN: Yeah\n\nGHITIS: Or 2:30\n\nSLOMAN: Or 2:3 . . . in Yiddish. We didn't know English . . . was 1:30. Or, wait\na minute . . . was 2:30, and we were saying . . . or something like it, you\nknow. So we couldn't concentrate. It was very hard. A friend of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=3480.0,3510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"mine was reading\nin the newspaper--oh I forgot to tell you something very important. My cousin\nHarold Yudelson was in France in the army, and he was something more than just a\nplain. And his father, Sol Yudelson, was reading in the paper that three of the\nSolskis were alive, and he called right away his son. And told him: \"No matter\nhow much ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=3510.0,3540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it's going to cost, go and find them.\" And, to this day I don't know\nhow he find us. With a jeep, he came to Gauting, in the sanitarium where I was.\nThat was the first time I got dressed. And he brought us that and that, some\nthings, you know, and he was so sweet. He smiled constantly.\n\nGHITIS: What was his name?\n\nSLOMAN: Harold Yudelson. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=3540.0,3570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He's just became 80 years. I was in his birthday. Do\nyou know about it? Harold Yudelson. Very nice man. The whole family.\n\nGHITIS: What did you do in Germany? You were there for five years.\n\nSLOMAN: I was three years in Gauting.\n\nGHITIS: That's the sanitorium ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=3570.0,3600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in Switzerland?\n\nSLOMAN: No, that was in Gauting, in Munich. Next to Munich.\n\nGHITIS: That was the sanatorium?\n\nSLOMAN: That was the sanatorium. I wasn't five years, I was three years. Then I\nwas two years in Switzerland. All . . .\n\nGHITIS: So, you're right in the United States.\n\nEINSTEIN: Can I ask one question before you ask yours? What was it like for you\nto be in Germany?\n\nSLOMAN: Terrible. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=3600.0,3630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We applied for Canada. We applied for Australia. Funny thing\nabout it, all the papers came in one time for my husband says: \"we're going to America.\"\n\nEINSTEIN: Did you have any anger towards the Germans?\n\nSLOMAN: Oh yeah. I still have it . . . I'll never forgive them. The Lithuanian\n-- the Ukrainians are the worst. Ukrainians are the worst ones. My little\nbrother ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=3630.0,3660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was taken away from the Ukrainians. All the things . . . were the\nUkrainians, the Lithuanians, the Latin, and the Estonia, if you know what that\nmeans. Those were the bad states. I'll never forgive them. Unforgivable.\n\nEINSTEIN: How do you live with that anger for so many years?\n\nSLOMAN: I live and I raised three children. Does Saul look like he from me the\nanger? Okay. And Steven for sure ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=3660.0,3690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not; Steven was a doll, just like his father.\nAnd Julian be well, he's wonderful too. So see, you don't give that back. You\ncan live two lives. It looks like it, huh? And I lived wonderful with my\nhusband. What a husband I had. I cannot even think to find a man like that,\never, ever. He was a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=3690.0,3720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sweetheart, was good to my mom. Was he good to my mom. He\nwas so happy to have a family. He was so lonesome all those year, that he was so\nhappy to have . . . I used to sometimes cry to my mom -- I never grow up, you\nknow. I had already one child, second child, third child, and still was a little\ngirl and she: \"No, no, no, not that, not that.\" So sometimes I used to say to my\nhusband: \"You know, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=3720.0,3750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Bernie, if you would be different, my momma wouldn't be that\nway.\" He said: \"Ah, now you're angry.\" Two hours later, you say: \"Now what did\nyou say to my mom?\" And he was right. One time I said something to my mom that I\ncannot forgive myself. I had one child, I had a second child, and she kept on\nsaying: \"I'm going to find my son. I'm going to find my little boy. I know he\nhad some things ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=3750.0,3780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"here on his hands and I'll recognize.\" And she used to cry, day\nand night, and momma lived always with me. It's not easy, you know, always\ncrying. One day I said to her: \"Momma, tell me, how many people from three\nchildren have two left?\" Her eyes, I'll never forget. When you cut your finger,\nno matter which one you cut, it's never the same. Well, I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=3780.0,3810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"know I should not have\nsay that.\n\nGHITIS: We were talking about your early years when you first arrived.\n\nSLOMAN: In here.\n\nGHITIS: What were some of the challenges you ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=3810.0,3840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"had ahead of you?\n\nSLOMAN: Well, my family was very nice to us. Very, very nice. The first thing my\nhusband, may he rest in peace, was doing hats for the Germans, so he knew sewing\na little. My cousin, oleveshalom, Hal's father, went to use us, right away they\ntook him. Right away. And they loved ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=3840.0,3870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"him. Listen, $35 a week, we were three\npeople. It wasn't easy. One week I had to pay rent and it was $35, but it was okay.\n\nGHITIS: Where were you at that time? You said-\n\nSLOMAN: Boulevard. On Boulevard.\n\nGHITIS: You arrived in New York?\n\nSLOMAN: Three weeks.\n\nGHITIS: And then?\n\nSLOMAN: Atlanta.\n\nGHITIS: How did you decide to come to Atlanta?\n\nSLOMAN: I didn't decide. My mishpokhe decided for me. My cousin in New ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=3870.0,3900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"York was\na very wealthy man. He sells salt, all medicines . . . In the Depression, he\nlost $8 million, so you know he was a very wealthy man. He waited for me when I\ncame and he took me out in restaurants and that and he took me in the place\nwhere the used to make beautiful clothes and \"you need that and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=3900.0,3930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you need to put\nthat and I called Saul and Saul will wait for you all.\" And right away they put\nus on a plane and we went. He told me to put on that and I put on something\nelse. So my cousin saw what was up, but he did know, he had a hunch that that's\nme and Bernie. Me and Bernie came before and my brother and momma came later. We\nwere living on Washington Street, if you know that. There was a house, my\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=3930.0,3960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"cousin's brother was staying there, he was a bachelor. But I didn't want to live\nthere. I wanted to go where all the young people are. So we find an apartment .\n. . Find out Bernard is alive. He came to . . . from Boulevard to Washington street.\n\nGHITIS: How about the language?\n\nSLOMAN: What was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=3960.0,3990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that? The language wasn't easy. Was not easy at all and I\nwasn't supposed to have any children, that's what they said. In Switzerland they\ndidn't talk so much about that, but in Germany they talked a lot about that.\n\nGHITIS: What was the explanation for that?\n\nSLOMAN: I'm not healthy enough, not well enough. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=3990.0,4020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, I saw one girl goes with\na baby and another girl goes with a baby. Bernie told me-- I told him, he knew\nthat--he said: \"You're gonna be my child. That's okay, we don't need no\nchildren. That's alright.\" But, like I said, I saw that one with a baby and that\none with a baby, I said: \"You know what? I want a baby. First of all, you lost\nyour whole family and we need the names.\" And sure enough, I took it on myself\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=4020.0,4050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and all of the sudden -- Dr. Wellcoff was my doctor. Dr. Wellcoff's wife is a\ncousin of mine. My cousin was married to her brother, a doctor, Finkelstein.\nAnyhow, I told Dr. Wellcoff the whole story, that I was sick and they felt I\nshould not have any children. Next door to him was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=4050.0,4080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a Dr. Havi, a very expensive\ndoctor; my husband made $35, he usually charged $45. You know, I used to give\n$5, I used to give $6--What should I do? I couldn't give more! He had a son,\nlater I found it out, that he was in the sanitarium in Rome, GA, a doctor,\nfellowship. He ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=4080.0,4110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"said that I'm sick and I have to go there. My cousin Jenny Kahn,\nI don't know if you know Menetz Sigal was her mother, and they took me there in\nRome, GA. I was there a week. I was in the fifth month pregnant. They gave me .\n. . and I couldn't eat that. It was Yontif, It was Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur.\nI asked the nurse if she would take me to the telephone. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=4110.0,4140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I called up my husband\nand said: \"If you're not coming Sunday\" -- it was Saturday night, was Rosh\nHashanah Saturday-- \"If you're not coming Sunday to take me, you don't have to\ncome anymore, I'm not going to be here.\" So my husband right away called my\nmishpokhe . . . and came to Rome, GA. Signed everything in an hour that they're\ntaking me. What I didn't like that doctor took me ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=4140.0,4170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"into examination, he wants me\nto go check my baby. I'm not sick here, I'm sick here. So, I didn't like that\nalready. I had sense not to let him touch my baby. See, I would've lost her.\n\nGHITIS: What was your problem?\n\nSLOMAN: Lungs. I had--\n\nGHITIS: Scar?\n\nSLOMAN: --Scar right ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=4170.0,4200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"here. Listen, I didn't have . . . didn't have nothing to\neat. To the end, my teeth were shaking in concentration camp. So my mamma--there\nwas a Pollak that used to show us what we had to do, and she said: \"I'll give\nyou my bread, bring me onions.\" So he brought her onions and she told me: \"Mein\nKind eat that onions with the half loaf of bread.\" Twice, three times. And thank\ngod, I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=4200.0,4230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"didn't loose my teeth. I would've lost my teeth. It was close, already,\nto the end. Thank god, I have all my teeth. The Solsky's have beautiful teeth.\nSaul has it and Julien has it. Steven didn't; Steven had Bernie's, oleveshalom.\nAnyhow, where was I?\n\nGHITIS: So, you were pregnant?\n\nSLOMAN: And I came back.\n\nGHITIS: You came back.\n\nSLOMAN: And I came back. And Dr. Wellcoff said he was very sorry but he can't\ntake me in the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=4230.0,4260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"office and cannot take me in the hospital to have the baby. My\ncousins came right away to Rome: \"Rella, don't cry, don't worry, we'll do it in\nthe house. I'll bring a doctor. We'll do it in the house.\" Do you remember a\nlady with the name . . . ? That lady I'll never forget. She wasn't a lady, she\nwas a malekh. She found out--\n\nGHITIS: --An angel.\n\nSLOMAN: An angel. She found out ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=4260.0,4290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that I'm sick. She knocked on the door. My mamma\nanswered it for me; I was in the room. She said: \"I hear your daughter is sick.\"\nAnd my mamma said: \"Yes. She's very sick.\" So she said: \"I have a doctor: C.C.\nAven. He is from the city, not just the doctor privately, but the city.\" I'll\nnever forget that man too. That man. Tall and handsome, old. He ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=4290.0,4320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"cried, when she\ntold him what happened. And he picked up the phone in present and said--and of\ncourse I didn't know what he was saying--\"Abby, where did you see that Mrs.\nSloman is sick.\" He made her x-ray, by the way. I don't know what he said to\nhim. He said: \"Mrs. Sloman is NOT sick and Mrs. Sloman has been sick but is not\nsick. It's not open and why couldn't she go to the, like you said, go to the\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=4320.0,4350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"hospital?\" And he was--what a doctor. I always send him a Christmas card,\nalways. I've never forgotten him. He's dead because he was lots older than me. I\nwas only 22 years--not even 22 years. So he's dead. But I cannot forget that,\nthat Mrs. . . . , that doll, that wonderful lady. Can you imagine? And I had a\nwonderful boy, my old--\n\nGHITIS: At what hospital?\n\nSLOMAN: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=4350.0,4380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In . . . And I had a wonderful boy. 9 lbs was something. Only my cousin\nsaid: \"We're not gonna make . . .\" And I said: \"We don't need a . . . My husband\nwas lazy.\" So they made a big bris and everyone brought everything for the baby.\nThe chairs and the--whatever! And then I had another baby because my son was\nokay. And ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=4380.0,4410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"then I had a third one, Gott zu danken. My husband wanted some more\nbut I said no.\n\nGHITIS: How were you received by the community here?\n\nSLOMAN: My mamma died with a broken heart. You ask how. My mamma in Germany used\nto say: \"I'll come to Atlanta and my family, all three ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=4410.0,4440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"left, they will be so\nhappy.\" You know Daughter Rosenbloom, nebach. She has Alzheimer or something.\nHer mother was with my mamma friends. Mamma used to tell her, you know, what\nhappened to Juden mishpokhe. She said: \"Oh, it's such a beautiful day today, you\nknow. The sun is shining so nice.\" So my mamma used to say: \"Sie will viele\nnicht hern! She doesn't even want to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=4440.0,4470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"hear about it! She doesn't even want to\nknow about it!\" I said: \"Mamma, I told you. How can anybody imagine what\nhappened? Tell me.\" My mamma never lived to see people shall be so nice and know\nwhat happened. That they killed us. I'll never forget, my cousin, Isreal\nYudelson, that's Saul's brother. When I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=4470.0,4500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"came, we used to see night's talk. \"Tell\nme, Rella, how do you . . . with these sons. Everybody was afraid for them.\nTheir little . . .--everybody! They were first of all very strict people and\nsecond of all very rich! And how did they let themselves take like that and burn\nthem and kill them?\" What could I answer? Nothing. Tears came out from me. I\ndidn't say ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=4500.0,4530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"nothing. Another thing, you think we had it so good here? We didn't\nhave meat. We had chicken, we could buy as much as we want. But meat we couldn't\nand sugar we couldn't. I looked at them. Chicken. May I remind you we didn't see\na chicken in our lives! Anyhow, they bought me a little store. I remember in\nthat store was $6,000 dollars, on Harris street. They borrowed me the money and\nI ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=4530.0,4560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"paid, 75 to 50, and 75 the first. Only one time I skipped. It was Yom Kippur\nand Shabbat. And if you didn't take in the money on Shabbat, forget it! You\ncouldn't pay! Oh but they were very nice. They didn't even wanna hear about it.\n\nGHITIS: What kind of a store was it?\n\nSLOMAN: A supermarket--a store! A grocer store, on ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=4560.0,4590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Harris street; Harris street\nis the express way.\n\nGHITIS: What was the name of the store?\n\nSLOMAN: Fort Street Market. But then, Bernard Hauptband, built a store, a big\none, a supermarket, in Dixie Hills. If you remember, Dixie Hills had the first .\n. . from the schwarzes. But we ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=4590.0,4620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"did good. We made pretty good. Everything was\nfrom that store. We didn't do any . . .\n\nGHITIS: Were you involved in community life?\n\nSLOMAN: Yes, I was, but much not because my mamma was a big baby, may she rest\nin peace. I have to go here and I have to go there and I have to here. And I had\nthree sons. One played the violin, two played piano. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=4620.0,4650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I didn't have too much\ntime, you know what I mean? And I worked in the store. My husband wasn't\nhealthy. My husband had four or five operations and I was always in the store.\n\nGHITIS: . . .\n\nSLOMAN: This? This he didn't let out there. He was afraid because he had\naccosted. It was terrible. It didn't heal. He had the gallbladder, one ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=4650.0,4680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"operation--here.\n\nEINSTEIN: Thyroid?\n\nSLOMAN: No, no, it was stopped up--\n\nEINSTEIN: Carotid artery?\n\nSLOMAN: Yea, carotid artery. And it finally that attacked the heart. So I really\ndidn't have too much to go around playing cards like I do now. And I didn't because--\n\nGHITIS: Were you involved with any survivor groups?\n\nSLOMAN: Well, I think it was another survivor. He came before the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=4680.0,4710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Unglück.\nTepper. Maybe you know him? Rueben Tepper. Nice man. He worked for us. He came\ntogether with Bernard Hauptband on one boat. So he wasn't . . . but he was also\nvery nice people. We used to sometimes make a cot in my house, always in my\nhouse because I didn't want to leave mamma alone, didn't want to leave the\nchildren alone. So it was in my house. But not much, really. I used to go out on\nnew ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=4710.0,4740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"year sometimes, but, you know, didn't really.\n\nGHITIS: Who were you friends as a young couple?\n\nSLOMAN: Oh a lot of them. They're all gone. Ida Weisse, Sam Weisse, Bella\nNewhouse, Liam Newhouse--Oh, many, many.\n\nGHITIS: Was it mostly Holocaust survivors?\n\nSLOMAN: Yea, they were survivors.\n\nEINSTEIN: The Newhouse's were from . . . also.\n\nSLOMAN: She was from, yea, Lemkin. The other side of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=4740.0,4770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Neme it was Aleksot. It\nwasn't Kovno but you had to go to the breach, like I said my brother had to swim\nto get--\n\nGHITIS: You said that your mother was sadden by the fact that no one wanted to\nhear her story.\n\nSLOMAN: Yea, she was heartbroken.\n\nGHITIS: How do you feel about that now?\n\nSLOMAN: You know what, guys? I'll tell you something. Now, what ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=4770.0,4800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"happens in\nIsrael, and what happens here, people cannot imagine what that was. And what are\nwe doing much for Israel? What can we do much? Except--and I lived there, for\nfive years. I came in 1973, before the war. I came in March and October was the\nwar and I didn't go away. I worked for the . . . I worked for the army. I gave\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=4800.0,4830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"them sandwiches and I had 75 women working with me. As a matter of fact, I got\nto dig up the pictures. They used to call me . . . the daughter that means the\naunt from . . . Everybody knew it. Everybody said: \"No, the laborers are going\nhome.\" And I said: \"That's my home. Look, I know where I'm going. I wouldn't\ndare go away from there when the war was--never.\" I went away but one by one my\nchildren went back and my husband says: \"He does not want ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=4830.0,4860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to be without you.\"\n\nGHITIS: How did you--did you move to Israel?\n\nSLOMAN: Yea! I sold everything and went to Israel. The store, the house on\nMargret Mitchell, Sephoria Drive, and went. I said: \"That's our home, guys.\" I\ngot a penthouse, just like my house almost and we were very happy. My husband\nwould not have died and a lot of things wouldn't have happened, but my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=4860.0,4890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"children,\none by one, they wouldn't--Julian said he's got nothing to do, what shall he do\nthere? So, he was the first one, then Steven, olevesholem, and then Saul. He's\nnot smart enough to go in college in Israel. Here, he was the best one. He was\nvery good! But he tucked himself in; His brothers were not there, he doesn't\nwant to be there, and that's all. So here I am.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=4890.0,4920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"GHITIS: How do you feel about what's going on--\n\nSLOMAN: Now? Very scary.\n\nGHITIS: --with the Jewish people?\n\nSLOMAN: Very scared. Scared to death, because that's the way it stared, by us.\nUnfortunately, I'm afraid even to say that because it's scary. I told you we\nwere so living good in Lithuania. When my uncles came from South Africa, from\nAtlanta, they kept on saying: \"Abby, sell ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=4920.0,4950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"everything and come.\" No! Can I live\nthat way by you? No. You see what I mean? And just after a couple of years, it\nwas finished. It was finished all.\n\nGHITIS: What should we do as Jews? In Europe and here?\n\nSLOMAN: I'll tell you one thing: Never again. If we have to fist fight, we will.\nNever again. That's what I'll tell you. Life is very good, but not ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=4950.0,4980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that way. No.\n\nGHITIS: As a survivor, what do you want to tell the world?\n\nSLOMAN: That they should listen very carefully, to my brothers and sisters. Not\nto tell you this cannot happen.\n\nGHITIS: What do you want to tell your descendants?\n\nSLOMAN: Like my family? I tell them. They know how I feel about it. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=4980.0,5010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Do you know\nwhat my mamma used to say? . . . A dog that gets bit by a--stecken!\n\nGHITIS: By a stick.\n\nSLOMAN: By a stick! Yea. Don't show him once more a stick. That's the way I\nfeel. I was scared to death, that's all I could tell you.\n\nGHITIS: If you had to make a statement ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=5010.0,5040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about your feelings towards Israel, what\nwould you say?\n\nSLOMAN: I love Israel with all my heart, and only Israel can save us. Only\nIsrael can save us. And don't think we don't want shalom. We want peace more\nthan anybody but they want it for the whole country. They've talked themselves\ninto so the whole country's there. So, we have our . . . which I love. I just\nhope, at my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=5040.0,5070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"age, I hope I shall live to 120 because nothing can we give. It's\nnot that they want--they want all Israel. That's it.\n\nEINSTEIN: Um . . . Rella, do you think that your experiences, when you were\nraising your children, did you raise them with any particular values or with . .\n. you know, having gone through the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=5070.0,5100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Shoah, did that affect how you raised your\nchildren in any way?\n\nGHITIS: No. My mamma used to tell them. My mamma used to sit them and tell them\neverything that happened to their grandpa, to their uncles and Julian was the\noldest one and tears he had. My husband, olevesholem, used to come home: \"Why do\nyou do that? It's not enough that we lived it through, so the children got to\nlive through?\" And listen I'll tell you, I didn't have trouble ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=5100.0,5130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with Saul,\nbecause knowing everything in Israel and I didn't have trouble with Julian, but\nSteven, olevesholem, because he, if he asked: \"What's so great about it?\" You\ntell him a horrible thing about how the dead one was killed and he. So we didn't\ntalk about it! We didn't talk about it. When he was 13, we send him to Israel\nfor bar mitzvah and he came back. You couldn't ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=5130.0,5160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"recognize the boy. He cried day\nand night. We noticed and we asked his school and they said, yes, they noticed\nthat too. So we went to the Emory for help. They send us, matter of fact. They\nwanted to have a family like that. And when we sit down, all of us--except Saul,\nhe was too little--we talk about it. He starts crying and he says: \"When I came\nto Israel, I found out all my family got killed. They made lamps from ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=5160.0,5190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"them, and\nthat, and that. They never told me, nobody!\" So I said: \"Stephen, I did! But you\nsaid 'what's so great about it?' If you say on a thing like that 'what's so\ngreat about it?' what's there to say anymore?\" And that cured him. Thank god.\n\nEINSTEIN: And it's been so many years since the war, but how has that experience\naffected you through these years?\n\nSLOMAN: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=5190.0,5220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"To live here? I love here.\n\nEINSTEIN: No, but how has--even though it's 60 years after the war, how do you\nlook back on that time and how do you think it has influenced you? What mark has\nit left on you?\n\nSLOMAN: Never forget. That's no question about it. I can never forget what\nhappened to us and, look, to me it didn't happen so badly ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=5220.0,5250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because after all I\nhave a family, thank god, but some of the women couldn't even have children. And\nreally, they were pitiful. So I believe in fighting back, no question about it.\nI'm ready, even that I'm not so strong, but I'm ready for it.\n\nEINSTEIN: I'm also curious about something. You were so young when you came to\nAmerica. What was coming to America like for you ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=5250.0,5280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"mother?\n\nSLOMAN: She loved it. She became a citizen, before me. She was sitting and\nlearning. She knew everything by heart. The examiner, the man said: \"How did you\nlearn!?\" Everything, she got it and she was so proud that she was an American\ncitizen. Also me, I was pregnant with Stephen, olevesholem, and then when I got\nthe papers, he asked me: \"What did you have.\" And I said: \"Another ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=5280.0,5310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"boy.\" She\nwants to go outside, she bites.\n\nGHITIS: Thank you very much for doing this.\n\nSLOMAN: Listen, I think we all need to do that.\n\nEINSTEIN: And Kinko gets to say the last word.\n\nSLOMAN: Israel Yudelson, may he rest in peace, when he told me that, \"How did\nyou let to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=5310.0,5340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"go like that in the . . .?\" So what could I answer? I just, tears\ncame out. But when I had that little store and he came to me in the store. He\nsaid, \"Rella, listen,\" he said, \"They come in to get your money, give them.\" And\nI said to him, \"Why should I give them? One by one, I'll fight, just like you\ntold us that we should have fight.\" Then, years ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=5340.0,5370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/transcript/23989/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"later . . . Wasn't I true?\nWasn't that true? One by one why can't I fight, but if you put so many soldiers\non, what can you do?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=5370.0,5400.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/annotation_set/393","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Annotations [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/annotation_set/393/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA city in Lithuania, also known as Kaunas, that was the capitol city leading up to WW2. It had a Jewish population of 35,000-40,000. The city was occupied by the Soviets in 1940, but after Germany pushed against the Soviet line, they retreated and left Kovno to be occupied by the Nazis. Einsatzgruppen began systematically murdering the Jews before a ghetto was erected.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=60.0,90.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/annotation_set/393/annotation/182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFormer Prime Minister of Israel, 1977-1983.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=330.0,360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/annotation_set/393/annotation/183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eZionist activist, orator, and writer. He founded the Betar Movement which was a Zionist youth movement that is today known as the Herut movement.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=330.0,360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/annotation_set/393/annotation/184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOrthodox Judaism is a traditional branch of Judaism that strictly follows the Written \u003cem\u003eTorah\u003c/em\u003e and the Oral Law concerning prayer, dress, food, sex, family relations, social behavior, the Sabbath day, holidays and more. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=510.0,540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/annotation_set/393/annotation/185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eKosher/\u003cem\u003eKashrut \u003c/em\u003eis the set of Jewish dietary laws. Food that may be consumed according to \u003cem\u003ehalakhah\u003c/em\u003e (Jewish law) is termed ‘kosher’ in English. Kosher refers to Jewish laws that dictate how food is prepared or served and which kinds of foods or animals can be eaten. In a kosher kitchen and home, meat and dairy are kept separate, so a separate sets of dishes, cookware, and serving ware are needed. Food that is not in accordance with Jewish law is called ‘\u003cem\u003etreif\u003c/em\u003e.’\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe word ‘kosher’ has become English vernacular, a colloquialism meaning proper, legitimate, genuine, fair, or acceptable. Kosher can also be used to describe ritual objects that are made in accordance with Jewish law and are fit for ritual use.                 \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=510.0,540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/annotation_set/393/annotation/186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eShul\u003c/em\u003e is a Yiddish word for synagogue that is derived from a German word meaning “school,” and emphasizes the synagogue's role as a place of study. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=510.0,540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/annotation_set/393/annotation/187","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eRosh Ha-Shanah\u003c/em\u003e [Hebrew: head of the year; i.e. New Year festival] begins the cycle of High Holy Days. It introduces the Ten Days of Penitence, when Jews examine their souls and take stock of their actions. On the tenth day is \u003cem\u003eYom Kippur\u003c/em\u003e, the Day of Atonement. The tradition is that on \u003cem\u003eRosh Ha-Shanah\u003c/em\u003e, G-d sits in judgment on humanity. Then the fate of every living creature is inscribed in the Book of Life or Death. Prayer and repentance before the sealing of the books on\u003cem\u003e Yom Kippur\u003c/em\u003e may revoke these decisions. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=510.0,540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/annotation_set/393/annotation/188","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHebrew for ‘Day of Atonement.’ The most sacred day of the Jewish year. \u003cem\u003eYom Kippur\u003c/em\u003e is a 25 hour fast day.  Most of the day is spent in prayer, reciting \u003cem\u003eyizkor\u003c/em\u003e for deceased relatives, confessing sins, requesting divine forgiveness, and listening to \u003cem\u003eTorah\u003c/em\u003e readings and sermons. People greet each other with the wish that they may be sealed in the heavenly book for a good year ahead. The day ends with the blowing of the \u003cem\u003eshofar\u003c/em\u003e (a ram’s horn). \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=510.0,540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/annotation_set/393/annotation/189","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSomeone who assists in the reading of the Torah.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=540.0,570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/annotation_set/393/annotation/190","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eShabbat\u003c/em\u003e (Hebrew) or \u003cem\u003eShabbos\u003c/em\u003e (Yiddish) is the Jewish day of rest and is observed on Saturdays.  \u003cem\u003eShabbat\u003c/em\u003e observance entails refraining from work activities, often with great rigor, and engaging in restful activities to honor the day. \u003cem\u003eShabbat\u003c/em\u003e begins at sundown on Friday night and is ushered in by lighting candles and reciting a blessing. It is closed the following evening with the recitation of the \u003cem\u003ehavdalah\u003c/em\u003e blessing. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=540.0,570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/annotation_set/393/annotation/191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eYontif\u003c/em\u003e is the Yiddish word; in Hebrew it is ‘\u003cem\u003eyom tov\u003c/em\u003e.’ It is generic word for Jewish holidays.  It includes all but the High Holy Days of \u003cem\u003eRosh Ha-Shanah\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eYom Kippur. \u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=540.0,570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/annotation_set/393/annotation/192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ePayess\u003c/em\u003e [Hebrew: sidelocks or sidecurls] are worn by some men and boys in the Orthodox Jewish community based on a Biblical injunction against shaving the “corners” of one’s head. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=570.0,600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/annotation_set/393/annotation/193","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSabra\u003c/em\u003e [Hebrew] is an informal slang term that refers to any Israeli Jew born in Israel. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=600.0,630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/annotation_set/393/annotation/194","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe German word for black, it’s used here to describe a black person. Typical sort of derogatory when used in that way.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=930.0,960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/annotation_set/393/annotation/195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eStutthof was established in 1939 near Danzig (present-day Gdansk, Poland), on the Baltic Sea. There were a series of sub-camps attached to the main camp, which acted as a reserve for slave labor for the others. Conditions in the camp were brutal and more than 60,000 people died there.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=1410.0,1440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/annotation_set/393/annotation/196","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe armed forces of the Nazis.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=1620.0,1650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/annotation_set/393/annotation/197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCity in Northern Poland.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=1830.0,1860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/annotation_set/393/annotation/198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe \u003cem\u003eSS\u003c/em\u003e or \u003cem\u003eSchutzstaffel\u003c/em\u003e was a major paramilitary organization under Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party. It began at the end of 1920 as a small, permanent guard unit known as the “\u003cem\u003eSaal-Schutz\u003c/em\u003e” made up of Nazi Party volunteers to provide security for party meetings in Munich. Later, in 1925, Heinrich Himmler joined the unit, which had by then been reformed and renamed the “\u003cem\u003eSchutz-Staffel\u003c/em\u003e.” Under Himmler’s leadership, it grew from a small paramilitary formation to one of the largest and most powerful organizations in the Third Reich. Under Himmler’s command, it was responsible for many of the crimes against humanity during World War II. After World War II, like the Nazi Party, it was declared a criminal organization by the International Military Tribunal and banned in Germany. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=2070.0,2100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/annotation_set/393/annotation/199","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe term ‘concentration camp’ refers to a camp in which people are detained or confined, usually under harsh conditions and without regard to legal norms of arrest and imprisonment that are acceptable in a constitutional democracy. In Nazi Germany between 1933 and 1945, concentration camps (\u003cem\u003eKonzentrationslager\u003c/em\u003e; briefly ‘KL’ or ‘KZ’) were an integral feature of the regime. The Nazis differentiated between concentration camps, which were used to contain slave laborers and prisoners of the Nazi state, and extermination camps, whose primary purpose was the systematic killing of prisoners.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eShortly after coming to power in 1933, the Nazis began to set up a series of concentration camps across Germany. Those were mostly local initiatives: facilities that the SA, SS, and police established on an ad hoc basis, where they would detain and abuse real and imagined enemies of the regime. By 1934, there were over 100 of these early camps in operation.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWhen the Nazi regime came to power, they systematically persecuted both Jewish and non-Jewish Germans perceived to be opponents of the regime. Political opponents (Communists, Social Democrats, liberals) were some of the first victims housed in “temporary” detention centers like Lichtenburg. Jews, homosexuals, Freemasons, Jehovah's Witnesses, clergy who opposed the Nazis, and any others whose behavior—real or perceived—could be interpreted as being in opposition to Nazi political and racial ideologies were also persecuted and incarcerated. The Nazi regime refused to tolerate criticism, dissent, or nonconformity from the German people. Non-Jewish German political activists were treated harshly but other political opponents remained potentially valuable members of the German race. The goal behind their internment in and subsequent release from concentration camps was often a kind of reeducation that would see them fall into line with the regime’s political and racial ideologies.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBetween 1933 and 1939, tens of thousands of Germans were sentenced by the criminal courts. If authorities were confident of a conviction in court, the prisoner was turned over to the justice system for trial. If the outcome of criminal proceedings were unsatisfactory, the acquitted citizen or the citizen who was sentenced to a suspended sentence would still be taken into “protective detention” and incarcerated in a concentration camp.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe first concentration camps were established in 1933. Various authorities set up the makeshift “camps” in empty warehouses, factories, and other locations. Camps were established in Oranienburg, north of Berlin; Esterwegen, near Hamburg; Dachau, northwest of Munich; and Lichtenburg, in Saxony. By the end of July 1933, almost 27,000 people were housed in these camps. Most of the prisoners were political opponents of the Nazi regime. By the end of 1934, most of these early camps were disbanded and replaced by a centrally organized concentration camp system under the exclusive jurisdiction of the SS. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=2220.0,2250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/annotation_set/393/annotation/200","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePrisoners of war.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=2280.0,2310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/annotation_set/393/annotation/201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e A sanatorium in Bavaria region of Germany. Many concentration camp survivors were sent there for treatment after liberation.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=2310.0,2340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/annotation_set/393/annotation/202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA disease that is caused by contaminated food or water.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=2370.0,2400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/annotation_set/393/annotation/203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFever spread by bacteria from lice, chiggers, and other similar bugs.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=2370.0,2400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/annotation_set/393/annotation/204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA disease that typically attacks the lungs.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=2370.0,2400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/annotation_set/393/annotation/205","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA disease that causes inflammation of the liver.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=2520.0,2550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/annotation_set/393/annotation/206","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAuschwitz-Birkenau was a network of camps built and operated by Germany just outside the Polish town of Oswiecem (renamed ‘Auschwitz’ by the Germans) in Polish areas annexed by Germany during World War II. It is estimated that the SS and police deported at a minimum 1.3 million people (approximately 1.1 million of which were Jews) to the Auschwitz-Birkenau complex between 1940 and 1945. Camp authorities murdered 1.1 million of these prisoners.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=2520.0,2550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/annotation_set/393/annotation/207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEstablished on March 22, 1933, Dachau was the first concentration camp established by the Nazi regime. It was located in southern Germany near the town of Dachau, about 10 miles northwest of Munich. Dachau became a model for other concentration camps and was used as a training center for SS guards. Originally, it was a camp for criminals, political prisoners, and other opponents of the Nazi regime. In 1938, in the aftermath of \u003cem\u003eKristallnacht\u003c/em\u003e, the Jewish population rose to 10,000, although most were eventually released after agreeing to emigrate from Germany. Over 188,000 prisoners passed through Dachau between 1933 and 1945.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrisoners at Dachau were used as forced laborers and thousands were literally worked to death. Between 1940 and 1945, at least 28,000 died there as a result of the harsh, overcrowded conditions, medical experiments, and executions. There was a crematorium at Dachau, but the sick or weakened prisoners who were murdered were sent to the Hartheim “euthanasia” killing center near Linz, Austria. Toward the end of the war, around 7,000 mostly Jewish prisoners were sent on a death march from Dachau to Tegernsee far to the south.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWhen American troops liberated the camp on April 29, 1945, they found thousands of dead and dying prisoners as well as more than 30 railroad cars filled with decomposing bodies that had been brought to Dachau and abandoned.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=2520.0,2550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/annotation_set/393/annotation/208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA town in the Swiss Alps.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=2760.0,2790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/annotation_set/393/annotation/209","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA collapsed lung.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=2760.0,2790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/annotation_set/393/annotation/210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMost likely, ‘Mengele’ here refers to Dr. Mengele, who was a physician at Auschwitz that became known by the moniker ‘Angel of Death’. He first oversaw medical experiments in Auschwitz’s ‘Gypsy Camp’ at Birkenau before its liquidation. It is claimed that he had a large hand in the selection process that determined who would be sent to the gas chambers and who would be assigned to work details upon their arrival to the camp. He was specifically interested in medial experiments with twins and often searched through new arrivals for twins during selection.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=2910.0,2940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/annotation_set/393/annotation/211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Great Depression was a severe worldwide economic depression in the decade preceding World War II. The time of the Great Depression varied across nations, but in most countries it started in about 1929 and lasted until the late 1930’s or early 1940’s. It was the longest, most widespread, and deepest depression of the twentieth century.              \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=3900.0,3930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/annotation_set/393/annotation/212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA \u003cem\u003ebris\u003c/em\u003e, formally known as the ‘\u003cem\u003ebrit milah\u003c/em\u003e’ (Hebrew: Covenant of Circumcision) involves surgically removing the foreskin of the penis.  Circumcision is performed only on males on the eighth day of the child's life. The \u003cem\u003ebrit milah\u003c/em\u003e is usually followed by a celebratory meal. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=4380.0,4410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/annotation_set/393/annotation/213","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHebrew for ‘son of commandment.’  A rite of passage for Jewish boys aged 13 years and one day.  At that time, a Jewish boy is considered a responsible adult for most religious purposes.  He is now duty bound to keep the commandments, he puts on \u003cem\u003etefillin\u003c/em\u003e, and may be counted to the \u003cem\u003eminyan\u003c/em\u003e quorum for public worship.  He celebrates the\u003cem\u003e bar mitzvah\u003c/em\u003e by being called up to the reading of the \u003cem\u003eTorah\u003c/em\u003e in the synagogue, usually on the next available Sabbath after his Hebrew birthday. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=5130.0,5160.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/index/47751","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Sloman, Rella [Index]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/index/47751/annotation/214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Family History and Memories of Life Before World War II","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=13.0,338.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/index/47751/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We're interviewing Mrs. Rella Sloman S-L-O-M-A-N. My name is Sara Ghitis. Could you please pronounce your name for me?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=13.0,338.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/index/47751/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Africa","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Charlie (Bezalel) Solski","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Dina Solski","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Farms","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Julian (Zusel) Solski","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Kovno, Lithuania","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rella Saul (Solski) Sloman","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Solski Brauder","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"United States of America","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yankel Leib Solski","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=13.0,338.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/index/47751/annotation/217","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish Life Before the War and the Possibility of Moving to Israel","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=338.0,513.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/index/47751/annotation/218","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"How about Jewish life?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=338.0,513.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/index/47751/annotation/219","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Blood 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Family","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=513.0,594.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/index/47751/annotation/221","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What about religion?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=513.0,594.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/index/47751/annotation/222","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Chorale Shul","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Dina 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What mark has it left on you?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=5222.0,5271.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/index/47751/annotation/294","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Holocaust","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"World War II","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=5222.0,5271.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/index/47751/annotation/295","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Her Mother's Experience Coming to America","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=5271.0,5387.642"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/index/47751/annotation/296","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm also curious about something. You were so young when you came to America. What was coming to America like for you mother?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=5271.0,5387.642"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426/index/47751/annotation/297","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"American Citizen","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Dina Solski","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Steven Sloman","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"United States of America","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39135/file/110426#t=5271.0,5387.642"}]}]}]}