{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/fx73t9fr56/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Gerson, Abe and Miriam"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["2002-05-19 (captured)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Agent"]},"value":{"en":["Gerson, Abe (Interviewee)","Gerson, Miriam (Interviewee)","Kent, John (Interviewer)","Einstein, Ruth (Interviewer)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["Video"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source"]},"value":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum","Esther and Herbert Taylor Jewish Oral History Collection","Legacy Project"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAbe Gerson and Miriam Gerson were interviewed by John Kent and Ruth Einstein on an unknown date in Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e (general)","\u003cp\u003eAbe Gerson was born Abram Jolius Gerszonowicz/Grszonowicz on October 9, 1925, in Lodz, Poland. Abe’s father died when he was six months old and his mother died from cancer about eight years later, Abe’s maternal grandparents raised him. After the Germans invaded Poland and occupied Lodz in 1939, Abe and his grandparents were forced into the ghetto. Both grandparents died in the ghetto and Abe moved in with an uncle, aunt, and their three children. His uncle was later deported from the ghetto, and he continued to live with his aunt.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eWhile in the ghetto, Abe worked in a shoe factory and met his future wife, Miriam. In 1944, the Lodz ghetto was liquidated and Abe, his aunt, and his three cousins were sent to Auschwitz. In Auschwitz, he was separated from his aunt and cousins, who were sent to the gas chambers. He was eventually recruited to play the violin in a small band that entertained SS guards. About a month after he arrives at the camp, a kapo arranged for Abe to be sent to a work camp in Germany. Abe worked in three labor camps before the Americans liberated him in 1945.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eAfter liberation, Abe was sent to St. Ottilien, a Benedictine monastery in Germany that had been turned into a hospital for displaced persons. At the hospital, he was reunited with Miriam, and the two married in 1946. Miriam and Abe immigrated to the United States in 1947. They settled in Columbus, Georgia, where Abe had family. Eventually, they moved to Atlanta, Georgia, where Abe completed high school and worked as a tailor at various Atlanta department stores.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eAbe became a violinist with the Atlanta Community Symphony Orchestra in 1970 and later their personnel manager. He composed “Rhapsody,” a musical reflection of his experiences in Auschwitz, which was performed numerous times by the orchestra. Abe and Miriam had two children, Jerry and Joan. They were long-time members of Congregation Shearith Israel. Abe died on January 25, 2011.\u003c/p\u003e (bioghist)","\u003cp\u003eMiriam Gerson was born Mania Morawiecka on December 5, 1927, in Lodz Poland. She was one of seven children. Her father was a businessman and active in the local Jewish government. Her mother was a homemaker. Miriam and her sibling attended a Jewish school. Her family lived a middle-class life, but they did experience antisemitism from the non-Jewish population.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eIn 1939, the Germans invaded Poland and occupied Lodz. Various restrictions were placed upon the Jewish population, which impacted Miriam’s family. By late 1939, the Lodz ghetto was formed, and the family was forced to move to the ghetto. Miriam met her future husband Abe Gerson while living in the ghetto. Over the next four years, Miriam and her family’s living conditions worsened. She also witnessed many violent acts and saw many people, including a brother die from starvation. Miriam’s father also died in the ghetto.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eIn 1944, the Lodz ghetto was liquidated. Miriam’s remaining family were sent to Auschwitz-Birkenau. Upon arrival, Miriam and her sister, Celia managed to stay together but were separated from the rest of their family. Eventually, Miriam and Celia were sent to Bergen-Belsen and later sent to a series of camps, including Dachau. As the Allies advanced, Miriam and her sister were among other prisoners packed into a train, with no idea where they were going. They were still on the train when American soldiers liberated them. The Red Cross helped care for them and sent them to recuperate in the Landsberg displaced persons (DP) camp.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eIn the DP camp, Miriam and Celia learned another sister had survived, but they found no other surviving family members. Miriam’s sister married and later immigrated to Paris, France. Her other sister immigrated to Israel. Miriam was sent to St. Ottilien, a Benedictine monastery in Germany that had been turned into a hospital for displaced persons. At the hospital, she was reunited with Abe, who was a patient, and they married in 1946.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eMiriam and Abe immigrated to the United States in 1947. They settled in Columbus, Georgia, where Abe had family. Eventually, they moved to Atlanta, Georgia, where Abe worked as a tailor at fine department stores and played violin in an orchestra. Miriam stayed home and raised their two children, Jerry and Joan, and four grandchildren. They were long-time members of Congregation Shearith Israel. After Abe died in 2011, Miriam moved to San Antonio, Texas, where she became a member of Temple Beth-El and was an avid volunteer for City of Hope. Miriam died on June 13, 2014.\u003c/p\u003e (bioghist)","\u003cp\u003eAbe begins the interview by talking about his early life and being raised by his grandparents. He recalls life in the Lodz ghetto and saving his uncle from deportation out of the ghetto once but failing the second time. He discusses the shoe factory he worked at and how the owner use to hide him from the Nazis when they came to the factory. Abe recalls the ghetto being liquated and sent to Auschwitz in 1944.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eAbe describes arriving at Auschwitz and being separated from his aunt and cousins. He details how a kapo saved his life by stopping him from running to join them. He discusses playing the violin in a small band for the SS while in the camp. He shares how he learned to play the violin thanks to a wealthy aunt. Abe recounts how a kapo arranged for him to leave Auschwitz and be sent to a work camp, which saved his life. He talks about how he prevented being shot by the Nazis as the Americans closed in at the end of the war and how he was finally liberated.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eHe discusses arriving at St. Ottilien hospital and how close to death he was. He describes his long road to recovery. Abe recounts how he worked as a police officer once he recovered and how an army captain helped him connect with his family in Atlanta, Georgia. He mentions reconnecting with Miriam at St. Ottilien and their decision to get married. \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eAbe talks about coming to the United States and connecting with his family that had immigrated before the war. He shares how his family helped him and Miriam starts their new life in Georgia and the various guidance they provided. He talks about getting a job, saving money, purchasing his first car, and eventually purchasing his first home. Abe mentions the various places he worked as a tailor and how grateful he was to immigrate to the United States.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eHe remembers playing violin in Auschwitz and getting food when they did. Abe mentions how he has spoken about his experience and why he thinks he survived. He also briefly shares what he knows about his parents. Abe reflects on writing Rhapsody, which is about his experience in Auschwitz. He also recounts how he started playing violin again after immigrating, who he took lessons from, and who he has performed within the orchestra. \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eMiriam joins the interview with Abe, and they describe the hunger they experienced and what it does to people. Abe expresses concern that something like the Holocaust could happen again. They share their gratitude to their family in the United States for all the help they received. Abe reflects on how he got through the war after he lost his family. Miriam shares how memories come back and shares overhearing her father talking about the Germans before the war began. Abe and Miriam ended the interview by sharing their pride in their children and grandchildren.\u003c/p\u003e (scope content)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source Metadata URI"]},"value":{"en":["https://archivesspace.thebreman.org/repositories/2/archival_objects/28983"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject"]},"value":{"en":["Gerson, Abe (1925-2011) (personal name)","Gerson, Miriam (1927-2014) (personal name)","Gerson, Max (1909-1996) (personal name)","Gerson, Henry (1889 -1960) (personal name)","Gerson, Sadie (1894-1963) (personal name)","Eisenhower, Dwight (1890-1969) (personal name)","Hitler, Adolph (1889-1945) (personal name)","Hutchson, Senta Mueller (1903-1994) (personal name)","Braitberg, Gregor Chaim (1915-2009) (personal name)","Braitberg, David (b. 1954) (personal name)","Chang, Sarah (b. 1980) (personal name)","Krechkovsy, Marta (personal name)","Ramirez-Hernandez, Juan (personal name)","Lansky, Lola Borkowska (1926-1999) (personal name)","Oliver, Rachel Antman (b. 1939) (personal name)","Lodz, Poland (geographic term)","Gdansk, Poland (geographic term)","Gdynia, Poland (geographic term)","Columbus, Georgia (geographic term)","Atlanta, Georgia (geographic term)","Cincinnati, Ohio (geographic term)","St. Louis, Missouri (geographic term)","Holocaust (named event)","World War II (named event)","World War I (named event)","Red Cross (corporate name)","St. Ottilien Archabbey (corporate name)","Fulton National Bank (corporate name)","Tabor Pontiac (corporate name)","John Jarrel (corporate name)","Davison-Paxon (corporate name)","Brooks Brothers (corporate name)","Britches (corporate name)","Muses (corporate name)","Buckhead Youth Organization (corporate name)","University of Georgia (corporate name)","Atlanta Community Symphony Orchestra (corporate name)","Georgia Tech (corporate name)","Lodz Ghetto (other)","Warsaw Ghetto (other)","Auschwitz (other)","Ellis Island (other)","Auschwtiz Philharmonic (other)","SS/Schutzstaffel (other)","Death Camps (other)","Kapo (other)","Talmud Torah (other)","Sabbath (other)","Bar Mitzvah (other)","Yiddish (other)","“Wieniawski Concerto” (other)","“Rhapsody” (other)","Hebrew School (other)"]}}],"summary":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAbe Gerson and Miriam Gerson were interviewed by John Kent and Ruth Einstein on an unknown date in Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAbe Gerson was born Abram Jolius Gerszonowicz/Grszonowicz on October 9, 1925, in Lodz, Poland. Abe\u0026rsquo;s father died when he was six months old and his mother died from cancer about eight years later, Abe\u0026rsquo;s maternal grandparents raised him. After the Germans invaded Poland and occupied Lodz in 1939, Abe and his grandparents were forced into the ghetto. Both grandparents died in the ghetto and Abe moved in with an uncle, aunt, and their three children. His uncle was later deported from the ghetto, and he continued to live with his aunt.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eWhile in the ghetto, Abe worked in a shoe factory and met his future wife, Miriam. In 1944, the Lodz ghetto was liquidated and Abe, his aunt, and his three cousins were sent to Auschwitz. In Auschwitz, he was separated from his aunt and cousins, who were sent to the gas chambers. He was eventually recruited to play the violin in a small band that entertained SS guards. About a month after he arrives at the camp, a kapo arranged for Abe to be sent to a work camp in Germany. Abe worked in three labor camps before the Americans liberated him in 1945.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eAfter liberation, Abe was sent to St. Ottilien, a Benedictine monastery in Germany that had been turned into a hospital for displaced persons. At the hospital, he was reunited with Miriam, and the two married in 1946. Miriam and Abe immigrated to the United States in 1947. They settled in Columbus, Georgia, where Abe had family. Eventually, they moved to Atlanta, Georgia, where Abe completed high school and worked as a tailor at various Atlanta department stores.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eAbe became a violinist with the Atlanta Community Symphony Orchestra in 1970 and later their personnel manager. He composed \u0026ldquo;Rhapsody,\u0026rdquo; a musical reflection of his experiences in Auschwitz, which was performed numerous times by the orchestra. Abe and Miriam had two children, Jerry and Joan. They were long-time members of Congregation Shearith Israel. Abe died on January 25, 2011.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMiriam Gerson was born Mania Morawiecka on December 5, 1927, in Lodz Poland. She was one of seven children. Her father was a businessman and active in the local Jewish government. Her mother was a homemaker. Miriam and her sibling attended a Jewish school. Her family lived a middle-class life, but they did experience antisemitism from the non-Jewish population.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eIn 1939, the Germans invaded Poland and occupied Lodz. Various restrictions were placed upon the Jewish population, which impacted Miriam\u0026rsquo;s family. By late 1939, the Lodz ghetto was formed, and the family was forced to move to the ghetto. Miriam met her future husband Abe Gerson while living in the ghetto. Over the next four years, Miriam and her family\u0026rsquo;s living conditions worsened. She also witnessed many violent acts and saw many people, including a brother die from starvation. Miriam\u0026rsquo;s father also died in the ghetto.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eIn 1944, the Lodz ghetto was liquidated. Miriam\u0026rsquo;s remaining family were sent to Auschwitz-Birkenau. Upon arrival, Miriam and her sister, Celia managed to stay together but were separated from the rest of their family. Eventually, Miriam and Celia were sent to Bergen-Belsen and later sent to a series of camps, including Dachau. As the Allies advanced, Miriam and her sister were among other prisoners packed into a train, with no idea where they were going. They were still on the train when American soldiers liberated them. The Red Cross helped care for them and sent them to recuperate in the Landsberg displaced persons (DP) camp.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eIn the DP camp, Miriam and Celia learned another sister had survived, but they found no other surviving family members. Miriam\u0026rsquo;s sister married and later immigrated to Paris, France. Her other sister immigrated to Israel. Miriam was sent to St. Ottilien, a Benedictine monastery in Germany that had been turned into a hospital for displaced persons. At the hospital, she was reunited with Abe, who was a patient, and they married in 1946.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eMiriam and Abe immigrated to the United States in 1947. They settled in Columbus, Georgia, where Abe had family. Eventually, they moved to Atlanta, Georgia, where Abe worked as a tailor at fine department stores and played violin in an orchestra. Miriam stayed home and raised their two children, Jerry and Joan, and four grandchildren. They were long-time members of Congregation Shearith Israel. After Abe died in 2011, Miriam moved to San Antonio, Texas, where she became a member of Temple Beth-El and was an avid volunteer for City of Hope. Miriam died on June 13, 2014.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAbe begins the interview by talking about his early life and being raised by his grandparents. He recalls life in the Lodz ghetto and saving his uncle from deportation out of the ghetto once but failing the second time. He discusses the shoe factory he worked at and how the owner use to hide him from the Nazis when they came to the factory. Abe recalls the ghetto being liquated and sent to Auschwitz in 1944.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eAbe describes arriving at Auschwitz and being separated from his aunt and cousins. He details how a kapo saved his life by stopping him from running to join them. He discusses playing the violin in a small band for the SS while in the camp. He shares how he learned to play the violin thanks to a wealthy aunt. Abe recounts how a kapo arranged for him to leave Auschwitz and be sent to a work camp, which saved his life. He talks about how he prevented being shot by the Nazis as the Americans closed in at the end of the war and how he was finally liberated.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eHe discusses arriving at St. Ottilien hospital and how close to death he was. He describes his long road to recovery. Abe recounts how he worked as a police officer once he recovered and how an army captain helped him connect with his family in Atlanta, Georgia. He mentions reconnecting with Miriam at St. Ottilien and their decision to get married.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eAbe talks about coming to the United States and connecting with his family that had immigrated before the war. He shares how his family helped him and Miriam starts their new life in Georgia and the various guidance they provided. He talks about getting a job, saving money, purchasing his first car, and eventually purchasing his first home. Abe mentions the various places he worked as a tailor and how grateful he was to immigrate to the United States.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eHe remembers playing violin in Auschwitz and getting food when they did. Abe mentions how he has spoken about his experience and why he thinks he survived. He also briefly shares what he knows about his parents. Abe reflects on writing Rhapsody, which is about his experience in Auschwitz. He also recounts how he started playing violin again after immigrating, who he took lessons from, and who he has performed within the orchestra.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eMiriam joins the interview with Abe, and they describe the hunger they experienced and what it does to people. Abe expresses concern that something like the Holocaust could happen again. They share their gratitude to their family in the United States for all the help they received. Abe reflects on how he got through the war after he lost his family. Miriam shares how memories come back and shares overhearing her father talking about the Germans before the war began. Abe and Miriam ended the interview by sharing their pride in their children and grandchildren.\u003c/p\u003e"]},"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/205/677/small/Gerson_AbeAndMiriam.m4v_1692061162.jpg?1692061163","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - Gerson_AbeAndMiriam.m4v"]},"duration":4721.684,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/205/677/small/Gerson_AbeAndMiriam.m4v_1692061162.jpg?1692061163","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-thebreman.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/205/677/original/Gerson_AbeAndMiriam.m4v?1692061159","type":"Video","format":"video/mp4","duration":4721.684,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/transcript/48859","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Gerson, Abe and Miriam [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/transcript/48859/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"KENT: What was your name at birth, and when, and where?\n\nGERSON: My name was . . . I was born in Poland, in Lodz. My name was not Gerson.\nIt was Grszonowicz, but my uncles came here and they changed the name. We all\nkept the same name together. I was born in Poland. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/transcript/48859/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"My father died when I was six\nmonths old, so I never knew him. My mother died of cancer on the breast. I knew\nher [until] I was about eight years old. I was raised by my mother's [parents].\nThey [were] the ones who raised me. We lived in one room. It was four people. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/transcript/48859/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I\nnever slept by myself. I always slept with my grandfather. He taught me and I\nwent to Hebrew school . . . anybody who was religious did not go to the day\nschool. At night from around four to about seven, we learned [at] the other\nschool, the Polish school, but it was a separate school. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=60.0,90.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/transcript/48859/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I used to go to Talmud\nTorah. They [were] the ones who raised me. When my mother died, they came from\nthe orphanage home. They said that they was going to take me to raise me. She\ntold him . . . She threw him out the door. She says, \"Get out from the door\nbecause I don't want to hear about it.\" She says, \"I will raise him,\" and she\ndid. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=90.0,120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/transcript/48859/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think she did a pretty good job. What she used to do is sell fish in the\nmarket for the Sabbath. My grandfather used to work in a store and deliver piece\ngoods to tailors to make clothes. He used to carry it on his back ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=120.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/transcript/48859/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the heat\nand all that. But still, I think they did a pretty good job. I went to school.\nRight when I was about 13 years old, I was bar mitzvahed. They didn't make a big\nthing out of it in Europe for a bar mitzvah. They didn't have the money like\nthey say here, they spend ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=150.0,180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/transcript/48859/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"$100,000 for a bar mitzvah. I would rather buy a house\nfor $100,000 than make the bar mitzvah for that, but people spend their money.\nThey do what they want to. It's their prerogative to do what they want to. My\nbar mitzvah was just in the house. They brought the Torah to the house, and we\nsaid some prayers. Then they had one herring with a little bit of schnapps. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=180.0,210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/transcript/48859/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That\nwas it. That was finished right there. That was all the bar mitzvah. Right after\nI was 13, that's when the whole thing started with the ghetto in 1939. In 1939,\nmy grandmother died in the ghetto. My grandfather died also in the ghetto. I\nlived with an uncle ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=210.0,240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/transcript/48859/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of mine that married my mother's sister. I lived with them.\nHe also had a brother that lived two doors down from me here, that came here in\n. . . I believe he came in 1937. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=240.0,270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/transcript/48859/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I remember when he left to come to the United\nStates. I lived with them, but they caught his brother one time in the street.\nThey got him on a truck and they pulled him in there to a big place, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=270.0,300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/transcript/48859/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where he\nwas there. I helped. I ran around. I used to have a band, a yellow and a white\nband to go in there because I used to help the authority to go in there. I saw\nhim there and pulled him off the truck, got him back. But he got caught again\nand I didn't have any chance to get him anymore. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=300.0,330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/transcript/48859/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I lived with my aunt in the\nghetto with three children. After that, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=330.0,360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/transcript/48859/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I worked in a shoe factory. I made boots\nfor the German fliers. The bottom had leather and the top had felt. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=360.0,390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/transcript/48859/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The man who\nI worked for was very nice. I also worked with my brother-in-law, he became\nafter the war. [He is married to Miriam's] sister in Israel. I worked with him.\nThat man who was there, his name was Sonabend. He was in charge of all this shoe\nfactory. He used to know when the fellow German ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=390.0,420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/transcript/48859/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"used to come in, if he used to\nbring another person with him, [than] they're going to take some young kids away\nwho can't work and all that. He used to tell me and he used to hide me under a\nbasement. That's where her sister got liberated there with them together, where\nhe had to build underground, he had built something. That's where he hid me. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=420.0,450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/transcript/48859/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He\nsays, \"You go in here. You stay there,\" he says, \"and don't you come out until I\ncome to get you. But I will come get you.\" He did come to get me. But after the\nghetto was closed, I went with my aunt and three children to Auschwitz. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=450.0,480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/transcript/48859/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"[We]\nwent to Auschwitz.\n\nKENT: When was that?\n\nGERSON: That was when the ghetto was closed . . . in 1944, I think it was\nclosed. I went to Auschwitz. When I went to Auschwitz with her, they used to\nseparate people and they used to say . . . Naturally, when they saw you got\nthree children, they knew already . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=480.0,510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/transcript/48859/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the ones who were there, they knew what\nwas going on. Naturally, the mothers will not leave the children. Some of them\ndid. Some of them they don't. They talked to some of them and said, \"Leave your\nchildren and go this way. Let the children go by themselves.\" What mother will\nleave their children? Nobody will. Some of them did. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=510.0,540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/transcript/48859/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"She went to the right [with\nher children]. I went to the left. They told me to go to the left. I was\nstanding there to the left and I saw her from far away going. It came the\nthought in my mind, I said, \"What am I doing over here by myself? I just came\nwith her. Why am I staying by myself? I'll just go where she goes.\" I started\nrunning over there. Once I run over there, a kapo came after me, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=540.0,570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/transcript/48859/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with a stripey\nuniform. He grabbed me from the back and turned [me] around and he kicked me. He\nsays, \"I told you to stay over here. You better stay here. Don't you move.\" I\ndidn't know what to do. She was already gone. I didn't know where she was. She\nwas already going far away. I didn't know where she was. I stayed there. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=570.0,600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/transcript/48859/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I\nstayed in Auschwitz. I didn't find out this until later. If I would have gone\n[there], I would have gone with them to the crematorium. He knew that. Now, I\ndon't know who he was. I wish I would know who he was. I'd send him a ticket\nright now for the whole family. I don't care if he's got ten of them. I'll send\nhim the money to come right here because I want to see him. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=600.0,630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/transcript/48859/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When you get to\nAuschwitz, you get in a place where things are going on, and people are talking,\nand this and that. You don't know what's going on. At 14, 15 years [old], you're\nstill a child. You know your brains didn't have [time yet] to develop on things,\non life, like . . . my children did. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=630.0,660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/transcript/48859/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Other children in normal times know when to\ncome home. They got to make lessons and they see their father working. He's\ntrying for a home. He's trying for a car. He's trying for things for later when\nhe retires and all that. We never had that. We never went through all those\nthings, to know what was going on, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=660.0,690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/transcript/48859/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what life means, to have a life for later. I\nguess we came in a barrack and somebody came in and told us . . . [He came in]\nwith an SS man. He comes in and he said it in German, he said it in Yiddish, \"If\nyou swallowed any diamonds or whatever you did, you better let us know, because\nif they find it out, they'll kill you. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=690.0,720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/transcript/48859/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If they say they'll kill you, there's no\nbuts about it. You be killed or be hanged or something. Whatever they tell you,\nthat's exactly what they're going to do.\" We didn't know. One day that came in.\nThey said, \"Who can play piano, drums, violin, and this?\" ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=720.0,750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/transcript/48859/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I sit and another\nfella next to me says, \"You say you played violin?\" He says, \"Yes, I played\nclarinet, but I'm afraid to say something.\" He says, \"If they know of something\nhow to play, they may kill you.\" He said, \"I'm afraid to say anything.\" They\ncame out a few times and nobody said anything, but after a while we said\nsomething. What they wanted is to take a few fellows, and they used to have\ngirlfriends ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=750.0,780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/transcript/48859/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and all that, while they were working there with them, and having a\ngood time. We used to go there and play. They go to eat, and they have a good\ntime. You play for them. We had a fellow [playing the] accordion, clarinet, and\ndrum. I was with the violin, so we played. We played by ear.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=780.0,810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/transcript/48859/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"KENT: How did the violin become a part of your life earlier? How did you become\na musician?\n\nGERSON: I became a musician before because I used to have a rich aunt in Poland.\nShe did not have any children. She said that she would like for me to take\nviolin lessons and she will pay for it. Because lot of times, over the weekend,\nI stayed with her, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=810.0,840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/transcript/48859/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because she was a very rich lady. She could not have any\nchildren. She also used to be on a ship from Gdansk [Poland], Gdynia [Poland].\nShe used to go on a ship to the United States into Gdynia. She also told my\ncousin, who is dead now, he came here, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=840.0,870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/transcript/48859/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that was my uncle's brother. The youngest\nbrother, he left and came, my uncle brought him over here . . . She told him,\n\"If you have a chance, take him out of here because his grandparents are old.\nThey'll die.\" She says, \"Take him out of here. If you can do it.\" He was just\ngoing there. What did he know, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=870.0,900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/transcript/48859/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"how he could do, or what he can do? But she gave\nhim the idea of doing that. In the meanwhile, I took some lessons, which I was\ninterrupted from [being in] the ghetto until 1945. From 1939 to 1945, I was\ninterrupted. This is the best of your years of studying anything, violin, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=900.0,930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/transcript/48859/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"viola,\ncello. This is when you really grow. That was cut off for me, but when I came\nout from the camp, I went . . . I told you that I went with my aunt and this was\nit in Auschwitz. Then another thing ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=930.0,960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/transcript/48859/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"had happened to me in Auschwitz,. There's a\nfellow came to me and he was a kapo. He says, \"You cannot be in Auschwitz.\" He\nsays, \"I got to get you out of here.\" I said, \"Where are you going to get me? I\ndon't have nowhere to go. I don't have no family to go to.\" He says, \"You got to\ngo to Germany to work, because in here is not good for you.\" He wouldn't tell me\nwhy, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=960.0,990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/transcript/48859/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but one thing he did . . . we used to have barracks. Between the barracks\nwas grass in between, like a house here and in between was a little grass. Every\nmorning, we used to go out. They called it an appell [German: roll call]. I\ndon't know if you know what that means. [It means] that you count people [by]\nfive - five, 10, 15. That's how they count you. Every morning when he come up,\nhe used to say, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=990.0,1020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/transcript/48859/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"You come with me.\" I went with him. He says, \"You come.\" I go.\nI don't know what he wants. He took another fella. He says, \"You come over\nhere.\" He took him over here. He took me over there so they won't count me.\nLater on, I found that out. I couldn't find that out until later. He took me\nover there and he put him over here, so they counted him over again and me being\nnot counted. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=1020.0,1050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/transcript/48859/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I asked him. After a while, I say, \"Why are you doing this?\" He\nsays, \"Don't ask me. I'll say, don't ask me again,\" for nobody to hear it. \"I\ndon't want nobody to hear that,\" he says, \"because if I don't take you out,\nyou'll be in this koymen,\" You know what a koymen means, a chimney. I said,\n\"What is he talking to me about chimneys?\" I said, \"What do I got to do with\nchimneys? What's that got to do with it,\" ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=1050.0,1080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/transcript/48859/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"until somebody explained it to me.\nThat's how I found out about the crematorium. He did this for quite a few\nmonths. After that, he got me on a transport out to Germany in a camp. That was\nthe first camp I went into. It was lager [German: camp] was camp number four.\nFrom that camp, I went to number two. After two, I went to number 11. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=1080.0,1110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/transcript/48859/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I worked\nat a factory. I used to put the grease in where the machines make ammunition. I\nwork for Muhl and Hultzman. That was two factories. I got pictures of it when I\nwent back the next time with some people that were there too. I got some little\npictures of it ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=1110.0,1140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/transcript/48859/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when I was in Germany. That's where I got liberated in camp 11.\nWe was on trains, not on those trains that they took us to Auschwitz. To\nAuschwitz, they took us in train like for cows. When we were there, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=1140.0,1170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/transcript/48859/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it was\npacked like herrings. You couldn't hardly breathe. What we did is they tore away\na piece of the board [on the floor]. Everybody was laying down to catch breathe,\nbut you catch more dust than you catch your breath. But this one was regular\ntrains they had us in there. All of a sudden, the trains ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=1170.0,1200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/transcript/48859/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"could not run because\nthe Americans broke the line, and they could not go. They said that they already\nhad a big ditch, I mean a huge ditch to get everybody in. They shot them and\njust leave them there, but if you couldn't go and the soldiers were walking\naround with their rifles on their . . . just walking. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=1200.0,1230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/transcript/48859/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"People walking out, and\nthey couldn't hardly walk, nothing to eat, nothing to drink. They was falling\nlike flies.\n\nKENT: What condition were you in at that time?\n\nGERSON: I was in a very bad condition with diarrhea. In a very bad condition. I\nsaw where he's going in the woods. That was in the woods. I still have the\npicture of that, too, because I went back and made a picture ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=1230.0,1260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/transcript/48859/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where we had to\nbury some people. Right there on the top of the train goes, there's a hill going\ndown. That's where we buried them. I've got pictures of that. He's shooting us.\nI see he shoots. That's not good. He's shooting people that are barely\nbreathing. I saw a couple of them laying down on . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=1260.0,1290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/transcript/48859/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was bigger than two or\nthree houses like that with dead people, like this my house, bigger than that. I\nsee they're laying down. I lay down too. At least he won't shoot . . . I said,\n\"Why you lay down?\" He says, \"Why I lay down? I lay down anyway. I don't care\nwhat he does.\" I lay down too. When I lay down, I was laying there quite a while\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=1290.0,1320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/transcript/48859/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I was lucky I didn't get shot. Then the Americans came. I didn't even know\nwho it was or what it was. All I knew is they told me the war was over. Who\ncares what he said? It didn't make a difference what he said. Right away, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=1320.0,1350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/transcript/48859/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they\nundressed me from the uniform I had on and put me in something else. I saw that\n. . . I remember the ambulance, the Red Cross, like the soldiers, the military\nhas here. He put me in there and he took me. Where he took me . . . I don't\nknow. Couldn't care less where he takes [me. It] didn't make a difference. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=1350.0,1380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/transcript/48859/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He\ntook me to a Catholic monastery. They gave up a house, buildings to cure us.\nWhen I got there, I weighed about 50 pounds, nothing but bones, maybe 45, 50,\nsomething like that. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=1380.0,1410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/transcript/48859/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They had nurses there with doctors. They were bathing us,\nto get upstairs, to look at us, to see what . . . some of us are going to hold\nout, some of us are not going to hold out. I heard him [speaking] in German . .\n. The nurse asked the doctor, she says, \"Where do you want me to put him? In the\nbathtub?\" He says, \"No bathtub for him, because you put him [in], you'll never\nget him back out.\" He said, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=1410.0,1440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/transcript/48859/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"Because all the bones will come apart.\" She said,\n\"Well, how am I going to bathe him?\" He says, \"Put him on the chair here and let\nthe shower run on him.\" He says, \"And that's the only way. Then we'll put him\nback on the stretcher and take him up.\" That's what they did. I did not know\nfrom that time on from nothing. All I knew [was] I saw big lamps with doctors\nchecking and all that. I was laying there ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=1440.0,1470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/transcript/48859/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the hospital. I was there two years\nin the hospital. I was laying [in the bed] next . . . to Schmelky Wiess. I don't\nknow if you know him or not. His brother was there, too, with me. Schmelky used\nto say to me, \"Abe, we not never going to make it.\" I said, \"Don't say that,\nSchmelky. We'll make it. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=1470.0,1500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/transcript/48859/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Somehow we got to make it. We got to make it.\" He says,\n\"I can't make it.\" I says, \"You will make it. I cannot make it, either, but I'm\ngoing to try my best to make it.\" We both made it. I remember Schmelky very well\nand his brother, too. I know his brother. I remember when his brother wanted to\ngo with him on the truck to get his wife. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=1500.0,1530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/transcript/48859/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Schmelky told him, he says, \"You don't\ngo. Let me go.\" He went, he got [indistinct: 1:18: possibly Polish: Rachela],\nand he got his other wife, which she had some kind of cancer and died. I was\nwith those boys, too, together in Saint Ottilien. It looks like, with G-d's\nhelp, we made it somehow. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=1530.0,1560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/transcript/48859/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"While I was laying there, the first thing [was] I\ncouldn't feel anything. I didn't feel no hands, didn't feel no feet, didn't feel\nno ears. You could stick knives anywhere. There was no feeling. I asked the\ndoctor. I said, \"I can't feel a thing. Nothing is . . . I don't know. You could\ncut me with a knife.\" He says, \"That's right.\" He says, \"Your blood is having\ndifferent . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=1560.0,1590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/transcript/48859/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You are eating different now and everything. Your blood\ncirculation has to be different altogether. It's coming in. You'll feel your\near. You'll feel everything.\" He says, \"Just be calm. Just rest and eat, but\ndon't eat too much. Just eat what we give you,\" because from the beginning, you\ndidn't go and get what you want to eat. They gave you ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=1590.0,1620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/transcript/48859/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to eat and that's all you\ncould have. But you were hungry. You wanted more, but they wouldn't give it to\nyou because if you overeat, you could die. Thanks with G-d's help, we came out\nof it. After I came out of it, I worked there. I was in the police force there.\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=1620.0,1650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/transcript/48859/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I worked there and I had a captain, an American captain came there, and his name\nwas Captain Kushner. He [spoke] Yiddish. He asked me. He says, \"Do you have\nanybody in the United States?\" I said, \"Yes, I have an uncle and I have a\ncousin.\" [He asked,] ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=1650.0,1680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/transcript/48859/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"Where do they live? Have you got papers? Have you got an\naddress or something?\" I said, \"Why you asking me for an address? I don't have\nanything. I'm barely doing good to have myself. Other than that, I don't have\nnothing.\" He says, \"Can you remember anything?\" I said, \"Maybe. Give me a pencil\nand a piece of paper and I'll write it down.\" I knew that his name was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=1680.0,1710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/transcript/48859/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Max\nGerson. I knew that he lived on a street which was B-L-V-D. What it was, I don't\nknow. It said, \"Atlanta, Georgia.\" I wrote it. \"Write it down the best you can,\"\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=1710.0,1740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/transcript/48859/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"he says. Instead of saying 811 Boulevard, I said 118. I didn't remember good the\nnumber, but I knew something came to my mind. How I got it, I don't know. I\nwrote that down. He says, \"Good. That will help me some. I'll find out.\" ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=1740.0,1770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/transcript/48859/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He said\nsays to me, \"When I get to my base.\" He told me in Yiddish \"when I get to my\nbase.\" I didn't know what base means, so I ask him again, \"What do you say base?\nWhat kind of base? What base?\" He says, \"To my army [base], where I live.\" He\nsays, \"I will call him [in] the United States.\" ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=1770.0,1800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/transcript/48859/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I was so stupid. I said, \"You\ncan call him from here over there?\" He said, \"Yes.\" Who knows about that? I\ndidn't know that. He called, and in a week's times he came back to me, no a few\ndays he came back to me. He says, \"I've talked to your cousins, and they already\ntold your uncle about it.\" I said, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=1800.0,1830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/transcript/48859/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"You already talked to them?\" He said, \"Yes.\nThey're sending you clothes and they're sending you some food too. You will hear\nfrom them through me because they write to me. I will bring you the letters so\nyou could read them.\" But they wrote to me in English. I had to have somebody to\ntranslate the letters. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=1830.0,1860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/transcript/48859/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But that's how he found my family here. I wish I would\nwhere the captain is now, but I don't know where he is neither, so I could talk\nto him. I was so stupid not to even to ask the man, \"Where do you live in\nAmerica, so I can call you, I can talk to you?\" The brains didn't work good. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=1860.0,1890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/transcript/48859/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He\nis the one who helped me get my family. After that . . . when I was in the\nghetto, I was with my wife because her sister used to come to see my\nbrother-in-law. They married in the ghetto, so I knew my wife. She came [to St.\nOttilien because she] had a bladder infection, and she came there. After that,\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=1890.0,1920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/transcript/48859/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we went together there. She stayed already together. I told her, \"I'm going to\ngo to United States. But the best thing for us is to get married, because\nsomebody told me if you get married, you can come on my visa.\" We got married\nand we came here. When I came here, my cousin picked me up from the train\nstation. I had a cousin ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=1920.0,1950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/transcript/48859/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who picked me up in Ellis Island. He took me home in New\nYork to his apartment. I spent the night there in his apartment. The next day,\nhe took me to the train. He told a man with the red cap, \"Don't let these people\noff.\" ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=1950.0,1980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/transcript/48859/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I didn't know what he said, but that's what they told me. [He said,]\n\"Don't let those people off until they get to Atlanta, Georgia. There will be\nsome people picking them up. Other than that don't let them off.\" I think he\ntipped him something too. I saw a sign when the train stopped somewhere a little\nbit there. I saw \"Atlantic Ale.\" Now, I know it said \"Atlantic Ale,\" but I\nthought it ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=1980.0,2010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/transcript/48859/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was Atlanta, Georgia, so I pick up everything and I'm going to go. He\ngrabbed me. He said, \"Sit down here.\" I'll said, \"Atlanta.\" [He said,] \"Ah, no.\"\nI stay there. My wife says, \"But don't go somewhere, you don't know where you're\ngoing. If you don't know where you're going what's the use . . . Who knows where\nyou're going to go? You don't know how to speak anything in here.\" ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=2010.0,2040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/transcript/48859/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I sit there.\nWhen I got [to] Atlanta, he walked out with me, with the suitcases, with\neverything down there. He stayed there until my cousin [came]. He recognized me\nand he came to get me. He waited for me. They took me to Columbus, Georgia. Over\nthere was all my cousins. Everybody was already there. At least 25, 30 people\nwere there. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=2040.0,2070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/transcript/48859/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They had a dinner and we come there. My uncle had a clothing store\nin Columbus, Georgia. After we got through eating and all that, all this stuff,\nand all this, he told both his sons, \"Take both of them. The girls, too,\"\n[meaning] his daughter-in-law.\" He says, \"Take her ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=2070.0,2100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/transcript/48859/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the store. Take him to the\nstore.\" He was selling ladies' and men's clothing. He says, \"Take him down\nthere, and \"all these packages that you see here, Max, send it all back. I don't\nwant a thing in here. I don't want nothing here. Send it all away.\" He says,\n\"You take him down there and get some clothes so they look like Americans, so\nthey don't look like greenhorns. They don't need to dress what they have. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=2100.0,2130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/transcript/48859/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Dress\nlike everybody else dresses here.\" We went there and I had some new pants, and a\nsuit. I still got the hat. I'll never part with that hat, a straw hat. They\ndressed [Miriam] up, too, and all that. We stayed there about a few months. I\nused to learn tailoring because my father was a tailor and my uncle was a\ntailor, I used to learn a little bit ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=2130.0,2160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/transcript/48859/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of tailoring too. In Europe, no matter\nwhat, if you was a tailor, you played piano, you played violin . . . everybody\nin Europe, don't make a difference if you're Jewish, German, anybody. They\nalways played an instrument of something. I don't have to tell you about it you\nknow about it. After, I went there. I stayed with a cousin of mine here. He had\na tailor shop. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=2160.0,2190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/transcript/48859/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I stayed with him nine months. His name was Henry Gerson and\nSadie Gerson. That man, for nine months didn't . . . I was making $30 a week.\nThat man never took a dime from me. Even when I went up on the bus, on six\nAmsterdam bus, he paid for my bus to go to work. I told him, \"I got money.\" I\nsaid, \"I'm making ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=2190.0,2220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/transcript/48859/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a living now. Why do you have to pay? Let me.\" \"You put your\nmoney away,\" he says, \"I'll go with you to Fulton National Bank.\" He says, \"You\nopen up an account. I want you to take every time when you get paid, put it in\nthe bank.\" He says, \"When you get some feathers on you, I'll tell you when you\ncan move.\" I said, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=2220.0,2250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/transcript/48859/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"I'll making money. I have to pay you something for it. I'm\nliving here.\" He says, \"I don't want anything. All I want you to do is take the\nmoney, put it in the bank, so you'll have a place where to go. We'll find a\nplace\" . . . I did what he said. That's exactly what I did. We both did it.\nAfter that, he found me a place on Washington Street ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=2250.0,2280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/transcript/48859/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"[with] Ed Creek's mother,\nnice lady. I lived upstairs. That's where my son was born. After that, I moved\nout of there. I lived on Durant Place in an apartment. Then we had another kid.\nWe had my daughter. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=2280.0,2310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/transcript/48859/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I worked hard. I worked at night, worked in the daytime, and\npicked up work from other stores, worked until about 12, 1:00 in the morning. I\ntried to make a life, try to make to do something, try to have something. That's\nwhat you see, what somebody else has. It wasn't like the Germans. They go in\nthere, and to tell you to get out, and I'll take it. It's already made. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=2310.0,2340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/transcript/48859/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I also\nalways looked out the window all the time and saw my neighbor gets in the car.\nHe goes away in the car. I said, \"Well, if he can drive, I must be able to be\ndriving too. [I'll] buy a car and see if I can drive too. If he can do it, why\ncan't I do it?\" I saved up enough for a car. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=2340.0,2370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/transcript/48859/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was about $800 for that\nPlymouth. It was a 1948 Plymouth. It had a big Indian light in the back of it. I\nsaved up the money. I went there and bought the car from Mr. Adams. He came to\nthe house. In Europe, we believe in one thing, what we buy, we pay for it right\nthere and then. We don't pay a dollar here, a dollar there. Maybe it's different\nin Europe now ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=2370.0,2400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/transcript/48859/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"than it was, but that's the way I was brought up. I paid him the\n$800 on the coffee table. He says, \"You don't have to pay that out in one time.\nWe can pay down and you can pay it out.\" [I said,] \"No, let me pay you. Let me\npay for it.\" I bought it. That's how I learned how to . . . First, I learned how\nto drive. The car would shift. Shifting gears that was a little hard too. If you\ndidn't let the clutch out right, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=2400.0,2430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/transcript/48859/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it was all over with the driving. But we made\nit through. It was . . . with the kids and they had to go out somewhere, if we\nneeded to go. We worked ourselves up little by little. We worked hard to have\nsomething, not to get anything from nobody. But I have to say that they, family\nhelped us a lot. Then later on, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=2430.0,2460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/transcript/48859/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I bought another brand new 1967 Plymouth. I was\nwith my cousin. He went with me to buy it at Tabor Pontiac on Peachtree. I told\nhim, I said, \"Well, I'll pay for the car.\" He says, \"No, you won't.\" [I said,]\n\"Why? Are they go give it to me for nothing?\" He said, \"No, they're not going to\ngive it to you for nothing.\" He said, \"But you're not going to pay it.\" I said,\n\"Why?\" He said, \"Because you got to have credit. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=2460.0,2490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/transcript/48859/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You got to build up credit in\nthe United States, so you have credit.\" I got mad with him. I called his father.\nI said, \"Cousin Henry, what is Joe telling me here about it? I want to pay for\nthe car and he won't let me pay for it. They ain't going to give it to me for\nnothing.\" He says, \"Let me talk to him.\" He talked to him. At that time, I\n[spoke] pretty good English. He says, \"Dad, I want him to have credit, so when\nhe needs to buy a house, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=2490.0,2520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/transcript/48859/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"he has credit, and his credit is good.\" He explained it\nto me. He says, \"You got to have something here where you buy it and you pay it\nout monthly. It may cost a little bit more than you would pay for cash, but it'd\nbe worth it for you to have that if you go to buy a house or anything, you go to\nbuy on credit. Because mostly in the United States, we buy on credit. We pay\ninterest and we let our money stay, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=2520.0,2550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/transcript/48859/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"let it grow interest. You pay a little\ninterest, you still not the loser.\" I had to learn that, too. I finally\nunderstood it. That's what I did . . . and we paid it [off]. Since then, I\nbought it on credit too, because I wanted it rather [for] my money to stay than\npay it out. After that, we bought a little house, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=2550.0,2580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/transcript/48859/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"small house down on Arnold\nAvenue. Then I bought a lot here, and built this house, and sold the other\nhouse. Sometimes, I wished I didn't sell it to have it for rent, but at that\ntime, I didn't have any sense. I didn't want to listen to my wife. I should have\nlistened to her. I would have still had it, but I didn't want to listen. I said,\n\"Well, we'll be without money. We can't be with nothing ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=2580.0,2610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/transcript/48859/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the back of you.\" She\nsays, \"Don't be afraid. We'll make it.\" Still, I got stubborn and didn't listen,\nsold it, which I shouldn't have. I am glad to be in a country where I am. It is\nthe best country that I've ever been. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=2610.0,2640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/transcript/48859/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Any human being, if he's got sense, not a\nwhole lot but just a little sense, if he didn't take the opportunity to do in\nthis country, to make something out of himself, then he ain't got no sense.\nBecause the opportunity is here if you want to work and if you want to do the\nthing. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=2640.0,2670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/transcript/48859/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We as survivors that . . . came here, also in Europe we didn't have too\nmuch, saw that opportunity. We used that opportunity to make something out of\nourselves. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=2670.0,2700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/transcript/48859/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Thank G-d we don't need anything from anybody. Thank the Lord if he\ngives us the help. We don't need anything from nobody. We did it all by\nourselves, after with a little help. I was also in the grocery business, but the\ngrocery business was not my cup of tea. I was a tailor and that was not for me.\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=2700.0,2730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/transcript/48859/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I worked in good stores here in Atlanta. I worked for John Jarrel, which Oxxford\nsuits sold for $75 in 1947. That was a lot of money then, in 1947. I work for\nDavison-Paxon for 18 years. I worked for Brooks Brothers. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=2730.0,2760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/transcript/48859/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I worked for Britches.\nI worked for Muses for years, around tailor shops. I made a pretty decent\nliving. My wife never worked except at home. I don't have anything to complain\nfor this country. I have no complaints at all. First of all, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=2760.0,2790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/transcript/48859/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if it wouldn't be\nfor them, I wouldn't be here. If it wouldn't be for [General Dwight D.]\nEisenhower and all this, the army came there and made an end of it, none of our\nsurvivors will be. That's why I just played a concert here not too long ago. We\nplayed a concert here at the . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=2790.0,2820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/transcript/48859/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"right here on Ponce de Leon is the . . .\nchurch that is right built up here behind . . . the Salvation Army. We just\nplayed. I was on television with the orchestra. We played a concert for the . .\n. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=2820.0,2850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/transcript/48859/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"holiday for the soldiers . . . Veterans Day. We played a concert. It was a\nfull house. We played together with the Buckhead Youth [Orchestra]. I had a\nlittle girl sit next to me, that plays good. We all played together. It was 120\nof us in there. We had the . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=2850.0,2880.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/transcript/48859/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"chorus there . . . singing with us. We played\nall the marches and all everything for the army. I was glad to do it. I also\nmade a little speech for them.\n\nKENT: Describe what it was like playing in the Auschwitz Philharmonic. What was\nthat like?\n\nGERSON: I didn't play for the Auschwitz Philharmonic. In Auschwitz, we played\nsome little things, but we got something to eat. We could eat ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=2880.0,2910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/transcript/48859/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what we wanted to.\nBut they told us that we cannot take nothing out. If you take it out, you just\nas good as dead. If they tell you that, you better believe it that that's what\nit is. We didn't take anything, but we could eat anything we want. They had\nwurst [German sausage] you could eat and they had some bread. But how much can\nyou eat? You eat until you cannot walk anymore and that's not good either. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=2910.0,2940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/transcript/48859/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Then\nat night when you lay down on the bed with wood, you feel like you're dying\nalmost. They told us not too, not to overeat because they knew. They give you\nsomething to stop, because you overeat, you can die from it if you overeat.\n\nKENT: It was probably a very scarce problem there.\n\nGERSON: Sure, it was a scarce problem because the soldiers told you that. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=2940.0,2970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/transcript/48859/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A lot\nof the boys said, \"He tells us to eat. Then he tells us not to eat too much. Why\nis he doing that?\"\n\nKENT: Do you remember what pieces you were playing during the war? Did the\nGermans have . . .\n\nGERSON: Some of the songs that they sing, the army songs and in all kinds of\nsongs that they sing. That's what we used to play. The accordion started playing\nand we go with him. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=2970.0,3000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/transcript/48859/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's what we did.\n\nKENT: What time of day?\n\nGERSON: It was at night. I would say around . . . it was dark already. It must\nhave been around seven, eight, nine, or something like that. They take us out,\nand a soldier takes us, and he takes us back. We was all in the same barrack.\nThey made sure that all of those are in the same barrack, take them back. This\nwas the life in . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=3000.0,3030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/transcript/48859/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Auschwitz.\n\nKENT: How long did that phase go on, being a musician there? Was that during\nyour whole time in the camp?\n\nGERSON: Just while I was there in Auschwitz and I wasn't there too long.\n\nKENT: How long was that?\n\nGERSON: I would say maybe about a month, month and a half. Then I was shipped out.\n\nKENT: To Germany?\n\nGERSON: To Germany, yes. I worked with Russians. They used ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=3030.0,3060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/transcript/48859/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to give me a little\nbread. [They] used to give so nobody sees it. They were pretty good about it.\nThis is the way it was, to do what we did. I've also made a lot of speeches here\nin high schools and also ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=3060.0,3090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/transcript/48859/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at the University of Georgia. My friend that I went to\nschool with him, he's a preacher there. He told us, me and my wife, to come for\na weekend. We stayed a weekend and we made a speech there. I've also had a fella\nask me, \"Do you have any children?\" I said, \"Yes.\" He said, \"Were they bar\nmitzvahed? I said, \"Yes.\" He says, \"You have any grandchildren?\" ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=3090.0,3120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/transcript/48859/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I said, \"Yes.\"\n[He asked,] \"Were they bar mitzvahed?\" I said, \"Yes, they were, sure.\" He says,\n\"How come from all this that you went through? How did it happen that you\nsurvived, and you are here to tell the story to us about it?\" I said, \"You\ncannot ask me that.\" ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=3120.0,3150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/transcript/48859/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I said, \"You have to ask Him about it. He can tell you.\" I\nsaid, \"When I go there, I will ask Him.\" I said, \"That's the only way, the\nanswer I can give you, because we really did not know from day to day what it is\nand what it's going to be.\"\n\nKENT: How much have you ever learned about your parents, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=3150.0,3180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/transcript/48859/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as to what kind of\npeople they were, maybe from other relatives who knew them?\n\nGERSON: I learned from other relatives, yes.\n\nKENT: What kinds of images or knowledge do you have about them?\n\nGERSON: My father was a tailor. They say that my father was the best dressed man\nin the little town. But they say. My mother, I knew a little bit, but not much.\nShe was pretty sick and I didn't have a chance ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=3180.0,3210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/transcript/48859/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"much to be with her. That's about\nall I know. My father, I didn't know at all. I never had any . . . my mother, I\ncan visualize some, because I [saw] her when she died.\n\nEINSTEIN: Mr. Gerson, can you tell us a little bit about the music that you have\nwritten? I know that you have written some music that reflects your experience.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=3210.0,3240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/transcript/48859/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"GERSON: Yes, I've written the music. I had a melody. Looking on, I wrote a\nRhapsody about Auschwitz. Not in Auschwitz, it's when I came here and started\nplaying here in the orchestra. Also, what I want to tell you about playing in\nthe orchestra is I was going here ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=3240.0,3270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/transcript/48859/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to hear a concert, [indistinct: 54:34,\npossibly: Little Werner.] He studied here with a lot of people. He play the\n\"Wieniawski Concerto\" in a church here. Somebody asked me if I would go, I can't\nremember who it was, to listen to him. He's a little fellow and he's playing\npretty good violin. My wife didn't go. She was home with the kids. I went to\nlisten to him. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=3270.0,3300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/transcript/48859/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I was sitting . . . that lady was sitting next to me on a chair.\nI was listening to the music. While I was listening to the music, she turned\naround to me. She didn't know me from Adam and I didn't know her either. She\nsays, \"Do you play music?\" I said, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=3300.0,3330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/transcript/48859/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"Yes.\" She says, \"It looks like you know a\nlot about this piece what he's playing.\" I say, \"Yes, I've heard it before. I\nplay too. I play violin.\" She said, \"You do?\" I said, \"Yes.\" [She asked], \"Where\ndo you play?\" I said, \"I don't play now because I just came to the United\nStates. I came out from Europe.\" She started talking to me a little deeper ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=3330.0,3360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/transcript/48859/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I\ntold her about it. I said, \"I forgot a lot of it. It isn't no use to me.\" She\nsaid, \"No, no.\" She says, \"You have to get back at it.\" She says, \"Music is . .\n. you have to get back at it. It's just like it falling off the bicycle and\ngetting back on it.\" I said, \"Well, lady, I never had a tricycle, so how would I\nknow how to get on a bicycle?\" She says, \"I'll show you.\" ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=3360.0,3390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/transcript/48859/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"She was a teacher. She\nwas a music teacher in the schools here. She says, \"I'll give you the number of\na lady and you go to her and you take some lessons from her and after that,\" she\nsays, \"I will get you into an orchestra.\" I said, \"You're gonna get me in an\norchestra? I don't even know how to pick it up yet.\" She says, \"It can be done.\"\nShe gave me the number and I called it, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=3390.0,3420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/transcript/48859/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that was [Senta] Hutcheson. I went in\nthere and I studied with her four years. After a year, she says, \"You go into\nthe orchestra.\" She says, \"This way you'll learn how to progress better.\" I did.\nThen I played with Miss Hutcheson for years and years, a long time, until she\nhad to go to Cincinnati [Ohio]. She died at the [age] of 90. I called her a lot\n[in] Cincinnati too, a very nice lady. She said, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=3420.0,3450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/transcript/48859/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"No.\" She says, \"You have to\nyou have to do it.\" She made me do it . . . I also studied with, a little bit.\nHe is a good friend of mine and he's a landsman of mine, David Braitberg's\nfather. [David] plays in the symphony. He plays violin. When he comes here, he\ngives me lessons. He has helped me a lot. He really helped me a lot, to show me\nhow to play. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=3450.0,3480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/transcript/48859/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He said, \"I wish I had had you about 15, 20 years ago.\" He says. I\nsaid, \"Well, you couldn't have had me because [Adolf] Hitler had me.\" He came\nfrom Russia. He ran away to Russia. He studied in Russia violin. After that he\ncame here. He's in St. Louis [Missouri] now. His son lives here, married here.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=3480.0,3510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/transcript/48859/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"GERSON: What I'm trying to tell you is that Mr. Braitberg, he's kind of helped\nme a lot, but a lot of times I talk to him, we talk about great violinists, and\nwe talk about violins. I told him I went to hear . . . Sarah Chang. I say,\n\"She's a young girl, who's 13 years old, and can play like nobody's business.\" ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=3510.0,3540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/transcript/48859/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I\nsay, \"After she gets through playing, I want to go home and take my violins and\nput them in the trash.\" He said, \"No. You can't do that.\" He says, \"I'm going to\nask you something.\" He says, \"We got all kinds of birds, some birds that fly on\nthe roofs and all they can do is make 'cheep, cheep, cheep,' and that's all they\ndo.\" He says, \"The canary sings beautifully.\" He says, \"Do you think the other\nbirds ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=3540.0,3570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/transcript/48859/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are going to kill themselves because the canary sings so good?\" He said,\n\"We got to have some like you too.\" That's what he said.\n\nGERSON, MIRIAM: Yes, but you play well.\n\nGERSON: I don't know about that.\n\nKENT: I am thinking there must have been a lot of pressure in Auschwitz to hit\nevery note and not miss a beat.\n\nGERSON: They really didn't care. They were so drunk. They didn't know what beat\nit was or what note it was. We just did it because ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=3570.0,3600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/transcript/48859/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we had something to eat. We\njust . . . They didn't care. They danced and they talked . . . we didn't pay no\nattention to them. We didn't pay much attention. We just played what they said.\nThey said, \"Play this,\" and we played it. That's it.\n\nKENT: How did the other inmates who weren't musicians treat you guys that you\nhad more to eat and that sort of thing?\n\nGERSON: They couldn't do anything about it. We didn't bring anything, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=3600.0,3630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/transcript/48859/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because if\nwe brought something, we wouldn't have had it in two seconds. They'd throw us\ndown on the floor and take it away.\n\nGERSON, MIRIAM: If you did bring it, then you ate it fast so nobody see that you\ngot it.\n\nGERSON: You swallowed it fast. If not, they'll take it out of your mouth. It\nwasn't . . . You didn't do that. I went one time in a little town to work. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=3630.0,3660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/transcript/48859/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We\nbrought . . . a big soup back. A lady from a bakery opened the door. On there\nthey have a little bell on the door when they open the door. She called me over.\nShe says, and she made with her finger, \"Komm heir [German: come here].\" She\nsays, \"Come to me over here.\" I told her, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=3660.0,3690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/transcript/48859/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"I can't come. We got the soldiers.\"\nFinally, I begged him to let me go for some bread. It was six boys. We talked\nhim in [to it]. We stopped at the road, and I went. He didn't go with me,\nbecause if he goes with me, that's no good either. Because if somebody sees it\nthat he went with me, he could be in trouble. Other than that, he could say I\nran away, and he was trying to run after me. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=3690.0,3720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/transcript/48859/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"She took a pair socks off from her\nfeet and gave it to me to wear, but it was no good anyway. I brought them back,\nthey were full of lice. I took them, but it was no good. Anyway, she says I\nshould take that bread with me. It was a big bread, like they make in Europe,\nalmost as big as a wheel.\n\nGERSON, MIRIAM: Four pounds.\n\nGERSON: I cannot take that. I can't take that kind of bread. I told the lady,\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=3720.0,3750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/transcript/48859/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"This bread is too big.\" \"Before I get there,\" I said, \"I take this into the\ncamp, I'll be killed, and the bread will be gone too.\" She said that she cut me\nup a little piece and a little piece for the six of us to eat. But the soldier\nsaid, \"You have to eat it while you going. If you don't eat it up until you get\nto the camp, you have to throw it away. Because if not, it's no good.\" ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=3750.0,3780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/transcript/48859/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We ate\nsome of it until we got there, but I don't think we ate the soup. We let it for\n. . . I took it but we give it to somebody else.\n\nKENT: I wonder what is your relationship to food been because of years of\nhunger, starvation?\n\nGERSON, MIRIAM: What I can say is this, hunger will do strange things to people.\nBecause if somebody is real hungry and thirsty, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=3780.0,3810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/transcript/48859/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I hate to say it, but there is\nnothing else on your mind because [of] that. Your brain stops working because\nyou feel like you need to fill your stomach with food. If you don't have that,\nat the time when you're that hungry, nothing else matters. It does strange\nthings to people. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=3810.0,3840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/transcript/48859/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I have seen in the Lodz ghetto, people literally lose their\nminds from hunger. We went into a camp. When I started, we were a thousand\ngirls. Only a hundred of us came out alive. It's all from hunger.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=3840.0,3870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/transcript/48859/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"KENT: How did it affect you to be exposed to dead people so regularly?\n\nGERSON, MIRIAM: At the time, it really didn't matter because we were hoping to\nbe in that position.\n\nGERSON: Didn't mean a thing.\n\nGERSON, MIRIAM: At that time, you must remember this was not a normal time. In\nfact, I made jokes sometimes. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=3870.0,3900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/transcript/48859/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'd rather be in jail over here because at least\nthey feed you three meals a day. But if this was a prison, they didn't even feed\nyou. I don't know what kind of prison that was or what that meant to be. They\ncalled it death camps. Maybe, but why a slow death?\n\nGERSON: They told you to, if you put in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=3900.0,3930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/transcript/48859/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"straw in your wooden shoes, they'll hang\nyou. Somebody didn't listen. He did put straws. In the morning after they\ncounted everybody, they hung him. It didn't mean a thing. We went right on about\nour business.\n\nGERSON, MIRIAM: As we were marching, from time to time, they had us stop,\nwanting to know who cannot walk no more. There were people that walked out,\ndidn't want to walk no more. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=3930.0,3960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/transcript/48859/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They took them to the lake, shot them, and threw\nthem in the lake. It was just that simple. I walked out one time and my sister\ngrabbed me back. She slapped me too. [She] says, \"What do you think you're\ndoing?\" I didn't care. I wanted to go.\n\nGERSON: For them, it was no business. Whatever they told you, you had to\nunderstand that.\n\nKENT: Was there anybody next to you who was strong and who was helping you keep going?\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=3960.0,3990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/transcript/48859/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"GERSON: At the time being, the strongest went down faster than the one who was\nskinnier. They went down faster than anybody else.\n\nKENT: How do you explain that?\n\nGERSON: Because he always had something good to eat or whatever he had. All of a\nsudden, he doesn't have that, so his resistance goes quicker.\n\nGERSON, MIRIAM: Did you ever hear the expression of \"the bigger they are, the\nharder they fall?\"\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=3990.0,4020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/transcript/48859/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"GERSON: They go fast. The only thing I say is I don't care where a Jew is. It\ndoesn't make a difference what it is, where he's at. If anybody ever thinks and\nI hope to G-d it never happens. He has to be aware of it, that it can happen\nagain. But the only thing ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=4020.0,4050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/transcript/48859/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in here we have more access to fight back, which we\ndidn't have anything to fight back. We went like sheep.\n\nGERSON, MIRIAM: Everything got taken away. We were lied to.\n\nGERSON: We had a few in the Warsaw ghetto that had ammunition. They fought back\nas much as they could. But you always have to be prepared. It can happen again.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=4050.0,4080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/transcript/48859/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"EINSTEIN: I know, Mrs. Gerson, that you were with your sister the whole time.\nBut Mr. Gerson, when you finally came to Columbus and you were with a family,\nhow did that feel?\n\nGERSON: It felt good. It felt good that you [were] with somebody. It comes from\nyour family. It already felt a little better that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=4080.0,4110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/transcript/48859/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you got to somebody you can\ntalk to.\n\nGERSON, MIRIAM: Somebody who cares.\n\nGERSON: I had an aunt, who was the smartest lawyer that I've ever seen. [She]\ncouldn't write, couldn't read, but she knew every answer that to tell you what\ncan happen, what to do. She was just as good to us. I don't think that parents\ncould be as good. Also, my cousin and his wife, and older children were good to\nus, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=4110.0,4140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/transcript/48859/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"very good to us.\n\nGERSON, MIRIAM: The people we lived with here in Atlanta, Henry and Sadie, it\nreally was our biggest pleasure that we could go and shop for Father's Day\npresents, and Mother's Day presents for them, because to us it's like they took\nover and showed us the ropes in life.\n\nGERSON: [They were] very good to us, yes.\n\nEINSTEIN: Also, for your children, did they serve ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=4140.0,4170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/transcript/48859/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as grandparents? Did your\nchildren feel . . .\n\nGERSON: Yes, the children were very close to them.\n\nGERSON, MIRIAM: Some. They were only relatives. They were cousins. How much did\nyou expect [from] them?\n\nGERSON: The children were very close. We used to go every Sunday to them. See\nthem Sunday. We used to have supper with them [on] Sundays sometimes.\n\nGERSON, MIRIAM: Holidays.\n\nGERSON: Yes. They used to pick us up, me and Miriam, in the car. They drove us\nto Columbus sometime to see my uncle, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=4170.0,4200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/transcript/48859/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because at that time I didn't have a car\nand I didn't know how to drive. It felt good to come to family.\n\nKENT: During the war, since you did not have family and there was no moral\nsupport, like Miriam had her sister, where did you get your strength from day to day?\n\nGERSON: I lived with my aunt.\n\nGERSON, MIRIAM: No, during the war in the camps.\n\nKENT: Most people either it was like, I want to see my parents again, or I've\ngot a wife or a brother or something. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=4200.0,4230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/transcript/48859/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You really didn't have anybody anymore.\n\nGERSON: You just didn't think about it because there was no use to think about\nit because you couldn't get it. Something you can't get, you can't do anything\nabout . . . [Ruth] was asking me how I came to make that rhapsody. We never did\nfinish with that . . . The rhapsody I had in my mind ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=4230.0,4260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/transcript/48859/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as long as I was there.\nWhen I came here, I always wanted . . . to make something out of it. I got\ntogether with my bass player. He knew how to get everything together. He played\npiano. You got to have a piano to create some music because [in] music, you have\nto make it for cellos, for violins, seconds, first, viola, cello, clarinet, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=4260.0,4290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/transcript/48859/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"all\nthe instruments. He and I, we got together, and we worked on it. We got this\ntogether. We already played it here quite a few times. We played it on the\nfestival for a man in the Community Center. We played it. He introduced a book\nby his father, that also came from Germany. I don't know if you were there or\nnot. We played there. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=4290.0,4320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/transcript/48859/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's a nice piece. It's been played here already quite a\nfew times, maybe 15, 20 times, something like that. They play it. We played it\none time, I got the orchestra to do a Holocaust concert at Georgia Tech. We\nplayed there to raise money. We did pretty good. This was Lola Lansky. She was\nthe one that asked me if we would do it. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=4320.0,4350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/transcript/48859/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I told her, \"Let me talk to the\norchestra and see.\" We did it. It was a nice concert. We had Rachel Oliver with\nus. We had a song playing Kol Nidrei on the cello. This time, I had Marta\nKrechkovsy. She played \"Kol Nidrei,\" too. Also, Juan Ramirez-Hernandez made a\ndifferent version of it, so the cello would have a solo piece. Marta played it,\ntoo. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=4350.0,4380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/transcript/48859/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I know Marta real well. She's a good teacher too, [an] excellent teacher.\n\nKENT: Was there anything else you want to pass on, especially to your kids and\ngrandkids now that we have a tape like this? Can you think of anything else\neither one of you would want to say or say to each other?\n\nGERSON, MIRIAM: I can only say one thing. Being in this country all these years,\nif it wouldn't be so . . . I've lost my people ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=4380.0,4410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/transcript/48859/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and my family. I feel like with\nmy accent and all, I feel like I have been born and raised here. I appreciate\nthe opportunity, and I'm thanking my husband for marrying me and bringing me\nhere. I'm really enjoy the American way of life. I do think back to how you\ncan't help that. Even if you . . . no matter where you live, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=4410.0,4440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/transcript/48859/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you had a home. You\ncan't help, once in a while . . . You stay busy and you don't think about it,\nonce in a while the home comes back to mind. I even remember how the war had\nstarted. I was only a school kid, as it happened. When the war broke out, I was\nsick with typhoid. I had typhoid, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=4440.0,4470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/transcript/48859/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"typhus, I don't know what you call it.\n\nGERSON: Typhus\n\nGERSON, MIRIAM: I was able to stay out school. Otherwise, I would have never\nseen this happen. We had a big room with a huge, big table. My father was\nsitting around with his buddies, so to speak, his friends all the way around the\ntable. My father [served] in World War I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=4470.0,4500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/transcript/48859/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and his friends too. I can picture it\nnow . . . there was this table, a bed, and a sofa. I was laying on the sofa and\nI was able to listen to their conversation as they were all talking of what's\ngoing on in the newspapers at the time, that Hitler came to power and Germany\nwanted Gdansk [Poland]. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=4500.0,4530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/transcript/48859/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I remember the words that I heard. They were talking\npolitics. My father was saying, making statements of some things being an act of\nwar and that he sees a war coming on. They were all changing views, all the way\naround the table. My mother was serving tea, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=4530.0,4560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/transcript/48859/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"funny tea out of glass with a the\nbottom thing for the glass to fit in, and cookies. They were all eating and\ntalking politics. I [was] laying, pretending with a book, pretending that I\ndon't hear, but I did hear. I was listening. It didn't take long after that,\nthat the newspaper was bringing out more ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=4560.0,4590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/transcript/48859/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and more news about Germany going into\nwar. Sometimes these things pop into my mind. You can't forget the home life at\nthe time. But other than that, sometimes when I feel good, I feel like this\nworld is mine. This is where I've learned the ropes in life, normal life, so to speak.\n\nGERSON: All I could say to my children ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=4590.0,4620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/transcript/48859/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"[is] that I'm glad that they went the\nJewish way and they listened the way I was telling them the way to go. They did.\nI appreciate it a lot. I also want to thank my grandchildren. They going the\nJewish way and they are good students. We never had a minute's trouble out of\nthem . . .\n\nGERSON, MIRIAM: Thank G-d.\n\nGERSON: . . . which I really do appreciate.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=4620.0,4650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/transcript/48859/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"GERSON, MIRIAM: We didn't have to bail them out for marijuana at all.\n\nGERSON: All of them graduated with honors. I graduated from high school here,\nalso, with honors. Miss Ira Jarrell used to be the superintendent. When I\ngraduated, she gave me a medal of citizenship with an eagle that I wear on my lapel.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=4650.0,4680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/transcript/48859/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"KENT: I want to thank both of you for being willing to tell us all of this.\n\nGERSON: We appreciate you coming.\n\nGERSON, MIRIAM: Thank you.\n\nGERSON: We never had the guts to do it.\n\nGERSON, MIRIAM: I didn't.\n\nGERSON: I didn't either.\n\nGERSON, MIRIAM: Like I said, you all are special people. I'm just comfortable\nwith you.\n\nGERSON: You all talked us into it. Like we say in the United States, you have to\ntake the bull by the horns and do it. That's the only way it can be done.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=4680.0,4710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/transcript/48859/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"GERSON, MIRIAM: I know my kids will be happy because they've been after me.\n\nGERSON: They've been after us to do it. [They said,] \"Make sure you get a tape\nof that.\"\n\nKENT: Good.\n\nEINSTEIN: Thank you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=4710.0,4740.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/annotation_set/1097","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Annotations [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/annotation_set/1097/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLodz [Polish: Łódź] was a large textile manufacturing city and Jewish cultural center about 75 miles (121 km) from Warsaw. Lodz was approximately 143 miles (230 km) east of the German border. Jews were an integral part of the textile industry of Lodz, which was known as the “Manchester of Poland.” (The city of Manchester had been the center of Great Britain’s textile industry since the Industrial Revolution.) Jews owned many plants and factories in Lodz, including one of the largest in Europe. On the eve of World War II, Lodz had a population of 665,000, of whom 34 percent (223,000) were Jews. Lodz also had a sizable German population, amounting to 10 percent of the total. The vast majority of Jews living in Lodz before World War II spoke Yiddish, but increasingly used Polish.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/annotation_set/1097/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHebrew school can be either the Jewish equivalent of Sunday school (an educational regimen separate from secular education, focusing on topics of Jewish history and learning the Hebrew language), or a primary, secondary, or college level educational institution where some or all of the classes are taught in Hebrew.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=60.0,90.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/annotation_set/1097/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eTalmud Torah\u003c/em\u003e was created as a religious school for elementary age children. In the United States, it generally refers to an afternoon program for children to attend after public school. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=90.0,120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/annotation_set/1097/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eShabbat\u003c/em\u003e (Hebrew) or \u003cem\u003eShabbos\u003c/em\u003e (Yiddish) is the Jewish Sabbath and is observed on Saturdays. \u003cem\u003eShabbat\u003c/em\u003e observance entails refraining from work activities and engaging in restful activities to honor the day. \u003cem\u003eShabbat\u003c/em\u003e begins at sundown on Friday night and is ushered in by lighting candles and reciting a blessing. It is closed the following evening with the recitation of the \u003cem\u003ehavdalah\u003c/em\u003e blessing.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=120.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/annotation_set/1097/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA \u003cem\u003ebar mitzvah\u003c/em\u003e [Hebrew: son of commandments; plural:\u003cem\u003e b’nai mitzvah\u003c/em\u003e] is a rite of passage for Jewish boys aged 13 years and one day. At that time, a Jewish boy is considered a responsible adult for most religious purposes. He is now duty-bound to keep the commandments, he puts on tefillin, and may be counted to the minyan quorum for public worship. He celebrates the \u003cem\u003ebar mitzvah\u003c/em\u003e by being called up to the reading of the \u003cem\u003eTorah\u003c/em\u003e in the synagogue, usually on the next available Sabbath after his Hebrew birthday.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=150.0,180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/annotation_set/1097/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eTorah\u003c/em\u003e [Hebrew: teaching] is a general term that covers all Jewish law including the vast mass of teachings recorded in the \u003cem\u003eTalmud\u003c/em\u003e and other rabbinical works. “\u003cem\u003eSefer Torah\u003c/em\u003e” refers to the sacred scroll on which the first five books of the Bible (the Pentateuch) are written, but it is often shortened simply to \"\u003cem\u003eTorah\u003c/em\u003e\" in casual speech and writing.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=180.0,210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/annotation_set/1097/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOn December 10, 1939, a ghetto was established in Lodz. It was to be established on 1.6 square miles (4.13 km) in the northern neighborhoods of Baluty, Stare Miastro (Old Town), and Marysin. The ghetto was publicly announced in February 1940. Jews were to move in by April 19 and Poles and ethnic Germans were to move out of the neighborhoods by the end of April. In March and April 1940, the Germans encircled the ghetto with a barbed wire and wooden fence. On April 30, the gates closed on its 163,777 residents.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=210.0,240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/annotation_set/1097/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eApproximately 13,000 people were sent to 160 forced labor camps from Lodz. In the spring and summer of 1940 Jewish males aged 16 to 45 were taken to labor camps in the Lublin area to build fortifications on the frontiers of the Soviet Union. Most died in the camps or from illness. The Germans also often captured men for forced labor or the Judenrat would supply workers. Forced labor involved backbreaking work such as street cleaning, repairing the roads, draining swampy fields, or digging trenches and canals.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=270.0,300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/annotation_set/1097/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe yellow and white arm band was worn by the Jewish police in the ghettos. They were known as Jüdischer Ordnungsdienst.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=300.0,330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/annotation_set/1097/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Judenrat (plural: Judenräte) was a Council of Jewish leaders established on Germans orders in the various ghettos and Jewish communities of Nazi-occupied Europe. They were given the responsibility of implementing the Nazis' policies regarding the Jews, which included everything from the confiscation of electronics like radios and valuable assets like watches or jewelry to organizing forced labor details and groups for deportations. The Judenrat also administered the affairs of the ghetto and most tried to protect and support the Jews under their care. Forced to implement Nazi policy, the Jewish councils remain a controversial and delicate subject. Jewish council chairmen had to decide whether to comply or refuse to comply with German demands to, for example, list names of Jews for deportation. Some Jewish council officials advocated compliance, believing that cooperation would ensure the survival of at least a portion of the population. The members of the Jewish councils faced impossible moral dilemmas. Often forgotten in the debates over the culpability of the Jewish councils and the Jewish police are the efforts of many Jewish council members and officials in their employ to provide a variety of social, economic, and cultural services under the brutal and difficult conditions in the ghettos. Chaim Rumkowski, an engineer, was chosen to be the head of the Lodz Judenrat. Rumkowski is a controversial figure: some see him as a savior and others call him a willing German collaborator and toadie. Rumkowski voluntarily surrendered tens of thousands of Jews to certain death on the German’s demand, including women and children, based on his belief that if the Jews cooperated with the Germans, at least some of them would be saved. \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=300.0,330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/annotation_set/1097/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIn October 1940, authorities began to develop workshops in the Lodz ghetto. By July 1942, there were 74 ghetto workshops. Some 90 percent of all production was for the Wehrmacht [German army]. German department stores placed most of the remaining orders. Over 53,000 workers labored 10 to 14 hours a day in poorly ventilated, overcrowded workshops. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=360.0,390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/annotation_set/1097/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWorld War II (abbreviated WWII or WW2) was a global war involving fighting in most of the world and most countries. Most countries fought in the years 1939–1945 but some started fighting in 1937. Most of the world's countries, including all the great powers, fought as part of two military alliances: the Allies and the Axis Powers. World War II was the largest and deadliest conflict in all of history. It involved more countries, cost more money, involved more people, and killed more people than any other war in history. Between 50 to 85 million people died. The majority were civilians. It included massacres, the deliberate genocide of the Holocaust, strategic bombing, starvation, disease, and the only use of nuclear weapons against civilians in history.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=390.0,420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/annotation_set/1097/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAuschwitz-Birkenau was a network of camps built and operated by Germany just outside the Polish town of Oswiecem (renamed “Auschwitz” by the Germans) in Polish areas annexed by Germany during World War II. Auschwitz was a complex of camps: the Main Camp (Auschwitz I), Auschwitz-Birkenau (Auschwitz II) and Monowitz (Auschwitz III). Many smaller sub-camps were attached to the complex, which drew their labor from the Main Camp and Auschwitz-Birkenau. It is estimated that the SS and police deported at a minimum 1.3 million people (approximately 1.1 million of which were Jews) to the Auschwitz-Birkenau complex between 1940 and 1945. Camp authorities murdered 1.1 million of these prisoners. Auschwitz II, also known as Birkenau, was about 2-1/2 miles away from the main camp. It had the largest total prisoner population. This is the camp with the big brick gate and the railroad tracks leading to the ramp and where the four gas chambers and crematoria came to be located.  The Monowitz camp also known as Auschwitz III or Buna, was about 4 miles east of the Auschwitz Main Camp. It was a complex built to house slave laborers for the German chemical firm IG Farben.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=450.0,480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/annotation_set/1097/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIn the summer of 1944, there were still more than 77,000 Jews alive in the Lodz ghetto. On June 23, 1944 the final liquidation of the Lodz ghetto began. Over the course of the next three weeks, ten transports carried 7,176 Jews to the Chelmno extermination camp. After a brief break, deportations began again. On August 9–August 28, SS and police units liquidated the Lodz ghetto. More than 60,000 Jews and an undetermined number of Roma (Gypsies) were deported to the Auschwitz-Birkenau killing center.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=480.0,510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/annotation_set/1097/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTo assist in managing the large communities within concentration or labor camps, German authorities installed a hierarchy of administrative units under their control. A \u003cem\u003ekapo\u003c/em\u003e was a prisoner in a concentration camp who was assigned by the SS guards to supervise forced labor or carry out administrative tasks in the camp. \u003cem\u003eKapos\u003c/em\u003e were generally criminals. The \u003cem\u003ekapo\u003c/em\u003e system minimized costs by allowing the camps to function with fewer SS personnel. It was designed to turn victim against victim, as the \u003cem\u003ekapos\u003c/em\u003e were pitted against their fellow prisoners in order to maintain the favor of their SS guards.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=540.0,570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/annotation_set/1097/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe SS or Schutzstaffel was a major paramilitary organization under Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party. It began at the end of 1920 as a small, permanent guard unit known as the “Saal-Schutz” made up of Nazi Party volunteers to provide security for party meetings in Munich. Later, in 1925, Heinrich Himmler joined the unit, which had by then been reformed and renamed the “Schutz-Staffel.” Under Himmler’s leadership, it grew from a small paramilitary formation to one of the largest and most powerful organizations in the Third Reich. Under Himmler’s command, it was responsible for many of the crimes against humanity during World War II. Among other activities, black-shirted SS men served as guards at labor and concentration camps. After World War II, like the Nazi Party, it was declared a criminal organization by the International Military Tribunal and banned in Germany.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=690.0,720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/annotation_set/1097/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eYiddish is the common historical language of Ashkenazi Jews from Central and Eastern Europe. It is heavily Germanic based but uses the Hebrew alphabet. The language was spoken or understood as a common tongue for many European Jews up until the middle of the twentieth century.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=690.0,720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/annotation_set/1097/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGdansk [German: Danzig] and Gdynia are port cities in northern Poland on the Baltic Sea coast. Gdańsk is the export point for Polish or Russian wood products.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=840.0,870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/annotation_set/1097/annotation/177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe International Committee of the Red Cross (“Red Cross”) is a humanitarian institution based in Geneva, Switzerland. At the end of World War II, the Red Cross worked with national Red Cross societies to organize relief assistance to those countries most severely affected by the war and set up a registration and tracing service for missing persons.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=1350.0,1380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/annotation_set/1097/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSt. Ottilien Archabbey is a Benedictine monastery built in the nineteenth century in Emming, a small village in southern Germany. The extensive complex included agricultural facilities, a printing press, guesthouse, and an infirmary with an X-ray machine and other state-of-the art equipment. In 1941, German authorities requisitioned the monastery and turned the infirmary into a military hospital. When the war ended, it became an Allied-occupied displaced persons camp. Between 1945 and 1948, it welcomed some 5,000 Jewish refugees. On top of a functioning hospital, mostly managed by Jewish doctors, it also had a school, a police force and a maternity ward. Some 450 babies were born at the monastery in the years following the end of the war. Though the camp was overseen by the U.S. Army and later the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration, Jewish survivors assumed key roles as teachers, physicians and members of a police force tasked with keeping the uneasy peace among the Jews, Germans and monks occupying the space.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=1380.0,1410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/annotation_set/1097/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAfter liberation, camp survivors faced a long and difficult road to recovery. Eating foods that were too rich or complex for survivors’ bodies to handle could exasperate years of malnutrition and starvation, resulting in sickness or death.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=1590.0,1620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/annotation_set/1097/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMax Gerson (1909 - 1996) was born in Szczercow, Poland and later immigrated to the United States, where he settled in Atlanta, Georgia. He worked as a tailor. In 1947, he married Tobi Kamor and they had three children, Herbert, Ervin and Esther.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=1710.0,1740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/annotation_set/1097/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAtlanta, Georgia is the capital and largest city in the state of Georgia. During the American Civil War it was a strategically important city for the Confederacy until it was captured in 1864. The city was almost entirely burnt to the ground during General William Sherman’s March to the Sea. After the war, the city rebounded and became a national industrial center.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=1710.0,1740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/annotation_set/1097/annotation/182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEllis Island is an island located in New York Harbor, that is situated between New York and New Jersey. It is owned by the United States government and was the busiest immigrant inspection and processing station in the United States from 1892-1954. Today it is part of the Statue of Liberty National Monument and is now a national museum on immigration.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=1950.0,1980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/annotation_set/1097/annotation/183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eColumbus is a city in western Georgia and lies on the Chattahoochee River directly across from Phenix City, Alabama. The city was founded in 1828 and is named for Christopher Columbus. The city was the site of the last land battle of the Civil War. The Battle of Columbus, Georgia occurred on April 16, 1865 after the Lee’s surrender and the assassination of President Lincoln. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=2040.0,2070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/annotation_set/1097/annotation/184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA ‘greenhorn’ is an inexperienced person, and oftentimes refers to newcomers who are unfamiliar with the ways of a place or group. The form “greeny” or “greenie” was also widespread in America.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=2100.0,2130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/annotation_set/1097/annotation/185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHenry Gerson (1889-1960) immigrated from Poland in 1906 and settled in Columbus, Georgia. He was the owner of Southern Tailors. He was married to Sadie Lesser Gerson. They had four sons, Robert, Joe, Durward, Lewis and one daughter, Esther.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=2190.0,2220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/annotation_set/1097/annotation/186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSadie Gerson (1894-1963) was born in Florida and later married Henry Gerson. They had four sons, Robert, Joe, Durward, Lewis and one daughter, Esther.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=2190.0,2220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/annotation_set/1097/annotation/187","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFulton National Bank of Atlanta was a banking company located in Atlanta. In 1956, a brand new Fulton National Bank was built at 55 Marietta Street and was Atlanta’s tall building until 1961. At the time the new building was built, the was one of the cities four largest banks.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=2220.0,2250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/annotation_set/1097/annotation/188","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAbe is referring to the Pontiac Indian head hood ornament. Pontiac hood ornament started appearing in the 1930s and was originally shaped in the form of a Native American head adorned with a feather headdress. In the 1950s, it changed to a jet plane with the head of Chief Pontiac that glowed when the light streamed through it from behind. Plymouth’s hood ornament was a stylized version of the Mayflower. The back end lights and logo also had a version of the Mayflower on it.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=2370.0,2400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/annotation_set/1097/annotation/189","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePeachtree Street is a major road that runs through Atlanta, Georgia. It starts at Five Points in downtown and runs north through Midtown. A few blocks after it enters into the Buckhead neighborhood the name changes to Peachtree Road at Deering Road. The street contains much of the city’s historic architecture and is used for various annual parades and major parades like World Series victory parades.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=2460.0,2490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/annotation_set/1097/annotation/190","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTabor Pontiac was a Pontiac car dealership that was founded in 1947 and was located at 3275 Peachtree Road Atlanta, Georgia. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=2460.0,2490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/annotation_set/1097/annotation/191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJohn Jarrel’s was a department store that was located at 84 Broad Street NW in Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=2730.0,2760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/annotation_set/1097/annotation/192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOxxford clothing was founded in 1916 by brothers Louis and Jacob Weinberg. The suits are custom made including the cutting and sewing. The suits gained in popularity during the 1930s, Hollywood's golden era. The suits were popular with Cary Grant, Clark Gable, Gary Cooper, and Joe DiMaggio.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=2730.0,2760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/annotation_set/1097/annotation/193","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDavison's of Atlanta was a department store chain and an Atlanta shopping institution. Davison's first opened its doors in Atlanta in 1891 and had its origins in the Davison \u0026amp; Douglas Company. In 1901, the store changed its name to Davison-Paxon-Stokes after the retirement of E. Lee Douglas from the business and the appointment of Frederic John Paxon as treasurer. Davison-Paxon-Stokes sold out to R.H. Macy \u0026amp; Co. in 1925. By 1927, R.H. Macy built the Peachtree Street store that still stands today. That same year the company dropped the “Stokes” to become Davison Paxon Co. All Davison’s stores were completely absorbed into the Macy’s nameplate in 1986, rendering the store defunct.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=2730.0,2760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/annotation_set/1097/annotation/194","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBrooks Brother is a high end clothing company that was founded in 1818 and is one of the oldest apparel brand companies in continuous operations in the United States. As the company grew, locations were opened throughout the United States. In 2020, the company filed for bankruptcy and was later purchased by Authentic Brands Group and SPARC Group LLC.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=2730.0,2760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/annotation_set/1097/annotation/195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe George Muse Clothing Company, also known as Muse’s, was a department store founded in 1887 by George Muse. In its heyday, Muse's had 10 stores throughout Atlanta, Georgia. In 1990, Muse's filed for bankruptcy protection and all Muse's stores closed in 1996. Muse's flagship building at 52 Peachtree Street in downtown Atlanta was completed in 1921 and served as a department store until 1992. It was converted to lofts in the mid 1990s.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=2760.0,2790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/annotation_set/1097/annotation/196","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBritches of Georgetowne, a clothing store, was stated by David Pensky and Richard Hindin in Washington D.C. in 1967. In October 1973, they opened their first store in Atlanta and later opened a second store. The company filed for bankruptcy in 2002.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=2760.0,2790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/annotation_set/1097/annotation/197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDwight David Eisenhower (1890-1969) was the 34th President of the United States, serving from 1953 until 1961. He was a five-star general in the United States Army during World War II and served as Supreme Commander of the Allied Forces in Europe, headquartered in Reims, France. He was a Republican.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=2790.0,2820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/annotation_set/1097/annotation/198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIn 1970, Abe began playing with the Atlanta Community Symphony Orchestra, which began in 1958. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=2790.0,2820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/annotation_set/1097/annotation/199","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePonce de Leon Avenue, often simply called “Ponce,” provides a link between Atlanta, Decatur, Clarkston, and Stone Mountain, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=2820.0,2850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/annotation_set/1097/annotation/200","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Salvation Army is a Christian organization founded by William and Catherine Booth in 1852 in London, England. The Booths worked among the poor in the East End, seeking to bring salvation to the poor, destitute and hungry by meeting both their physical and spiritual needs. Today it is in 126 countries, running charity shops, operating shelters for the homeless, and providing disaster relief and humanitarian aid to developing countries.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=2820.0,2850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/annotation_set/1097/annotation/201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Atlanta Symphony Orchestra (ASO) is an American orchestra based in Atlanta, Georgia, USA. The ASO's main concert venue is Atlanta Symphony Hall in the Woodruff Arts Center.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=2820.0,2850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/annotation_set/1097/annotation/202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eVeterans Day is a federal holiday in the United States that is observed annually on November 11. The holiday holds military veterans of the United States Armed Forces. It was originally known as Armistice Day because it marked the end of World War I and the Armistice with Germany that went into effect on 11th hour of the 11th month of 1918. After World War II, major veteran organizations pushed to change the name and in 1954 it was renamed Veterans Day.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=2850.0,2880.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/annotation_set/1097/annotation/203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Buckhead Youth Orchestra is a non-profit group that performs as a chamber music ensemble and as a full symphony.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=2850.0,2880.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/annotation_set/1097/annotation/204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIn many ghettos and concentration or extermination camps, music was performed on command as a regular part of the camp’s daily routine. Amateur and professional musicians from among the prisoners formed officially sanctioned orchestras, ensembles, bands, and choirs. The musicians performed as directed by the camp administration. Prisoners sometimes performed for the entertainment of the SS or as background music for work details leaving and returning to camp. Music often accompanied punishments and executions as well. In the extermination camps, prisoners sometimes performed during the selection process or near the crematoriums as a means of deceiving and calming newly arrived prisoners. The Auschwitz-Birkenau camp orchestra played for the first time in January 1941. Initially, there were seven musicians, but the number increased rapidly. Its main task was to play the military marches in the manner the prisoners went out to work and returned to the camp from work. The orchestra also gave concerts for the SS garrison members and the prisoners. Later on, other orchestras were also established in the men's and women's camps at Auschwitz II-Birkenau and some sub-camps.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=2880.0,2910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/annotation_set/1097/annotation/205","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe University of Georgia (UGA) is a public land grant university, which was founded in 1785 making it one of the oldest universities in the United States. Its main campus is in Athens, Georgia with two satellite campuses in Atlanta and Lawrenceville. It is the flagship school of the University System of Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=3090.0,3120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/annotation_set/1097/annotation/206","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e“Rhapsody” is a musical piece written by Holocaust survivor Abram \"Abe\" Gerson. It reflects has experiences in Auschwitz-Birkenau. The piece was formed in his head during his time in the concentration camp. He completed the piece in the 1980s.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=3240.0,3270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/annotation_set/1097/annotation/207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe “Wieniawski Concerto,” also known as “Violin Concerto,” was composed by Polish violin virtuoso Henryk Wieniawski and first performed in 1853 in Leipzig, Germany.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=3270.0,3300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/annotation_set/1097/annotation/208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSenta Mueller Hutcheson (1903-1994). Senta had studied violin in Berlin and taught viola and violin. She was also the first principal violist in the Atlanta Symphony Orchestra and one of the founders of the Atlanta Community Orchestra.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=3420.0,3450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/annotation_set/1097/annotation/209","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCincinnati is located on the Ohio River, in the state of Ohio. The city was incorporated in 1820 and today is the third largest city in the state.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=3420.0,3450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/annotation_set/1097/annotation/210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLandsman is a Yiddish term for a fellow Jew who comes from the same or nearby town, or geographical region, especially in Eastern Europe.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=3450.0,3480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/annotation_set/1097/annotation/211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGregor Chaim Braitberg (1915-2009) was a master violinist born to a Jewish family in Piotrkov, Poland. He escaped to the Soviet Union after the Germans invaded Poland and settled in Stalingrad, where he became a concertmaster at the Stalingrad Opera Theatre. He eventually immigrated to the United States, settling in St. Louis, Missouri with three other siblings who had survived. Braitberg became a professor of violin and viola at Washington University in St. Louis.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=3450.0,3480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/annotation_set/1097/annotation/212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDavid Braitberg (b. 1954) is violinist. Born in the Soviet Union, his family immigrated to the United States when he was a small child. His father was Gregor Braitberg, a master violinist and Holocaust survivor. David played with the Atlanta Symphony Orchestra for over four decades before his retirement in 2019.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=3450.0,3480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/annotation_set/1097/annotation/213","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAs the invading German forces advanced east in September of 1939, hundreds of thousands of Jewish refugees fled westward. Most fled so suddenly, they took only what they could carry and had no specific destination in mind. Few made contingency plans or took the time to prepare adequately for a long journey. When the Russians then annexed eastern Poland and a German-Russian demarcation line was established, 300,000 Jewish refugees found themselves trapped on the Soviet side of a heavily guarded border. Some of the refugees returned home, while about 40,000 continued their flight. Many headed to Romania, Hungary, and Lithuania, only to later become victims of mass killing operations when German forces advanced deep into Soviet territory in 1941. The vast majority of the Polish refugees, however, remained in Soviet-occupied Poland. In 1940 and 1941, Soviet secret police officials arrested many of the refugees, who were considered “unreliable elements,” and deported them to Siberia, central Asia, and other locations in the interior of the Soviet Union. While they endured horrible conditions, this paradoxically saved the lives of a few hundred thousand Jewish refugees. Most of those Jews who survived were in Russian during the war – 170,000 returned to Poland during the first repatriation in 1946 and an additional 19,000-20,000 returned in the second repatriation from Russia in 1956.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=3480.0,3510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/annotation_set/1097/annotation/214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSt. Louis is located in east-central Missouri near the confluence of the Mississippi and Missouri Rivers. Native Americans originally inhabited the area for generations before European settlers came. French fur traders founded the city in 1764 and named it for King Louis IX of France. By the 1800s, the city became a major port city on the Mississippi River. Today, the city is the second largest city in Missouri.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=3480.0,3510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/annotation_set/1097/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAdolf Hitler (1889-1945) was a German politician who was the leader of the Nazi Party, Chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945, and Führer (“leader”) of Nazi Germany from 1934 to 1945. As dictator of Nazi Germany, he initiated World War II in Europe with the invasion of Poland in September 1939 and was a central figure of the Holocaust.\u003cbr\u003e      Adolf Hitler applied for entrance into the Academy of Fine Arts in Vienna, Austria twice and was twice rejected, once in 1907 and again in 1908. For the next five years, Hitler struggled to earn money by selling small paintings, mostly images of buildings and other landmarks in Vienna that he copied from postcards. By 1914, Hitler was serving in World War I and would later enter politics. In his autobiographical manifesto, Mein Kampf, Hitler claimed that his antisemitic views formed during his time as a struggling artist in Vienna. His frustrated art career became part of the myth making—by Hitler himself and by his followers—that helped drive his fateful rise to power in Germany.\u003cbr\u003e     Hitler was drafted for Austrian military service at the beginning of World War I but turned down due to lack of fitness. After moving to Germany, he enlisted as a German soldier in the summer of 1914 and was deployed to Belgium in October. Over the next two years, Hitler served first as an infantryman and then as a private. He won two decorations for bravery, including the Iron Cross First Class and was wounded twice. He was recovering from his second injury when the war ended.\u003cbr\u003e      Hitler loved animals in general, but his favorite were dogs and especially German Shepherds. He was known to have had several dogs during his lifetime.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=3480.0,3510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/annotation_set/1097/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSarah Chang (b. 1980) is a Korean American classical violinist who began her career as a child prodigy. She was accepted at Juilliard School at the age of 5, where she attended music classes on the weekends and later graduated from the school. She made her debut with the New York Philharmonic at the age of 8. Today, she continues to play around the world and has made a number of records with EMI Classics.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=3510.0,3540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/annotation_set/1097/annotation/217","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Nazis differentiated between “concentration camps,” which were used to contain slave laborers and prisoners of the state, and “extermination camps,” whose primary purpose was the systematic killing of prisoners. Chelmno, Belzec, Treblinka, Sobibor, Auschwitz-Birkenau, and Majdanek-Lublin were the main extermination camps in the period of 1941-1945. The use of gas chambers was the most common method of mass murdering prisoners in the extermination camps. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=3900.0,3930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/annotation_set/1097/annotation/218","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Jewish community in Warsaw [Polish: Warszawa] was the largest in Poland, composing about 30 percent of the entire population of the city (about 337,000 Jews). Before World War II, Warsaw was a major center of Jewish life and culture. The Warsaw Ghetto was the largest of all the Jewish ghettos in German-occupied Europe during World War II. German authorities established it in November 1940. The Jews of Warsaw and the surrounding areas were shoved into a small space in a poorer part of the city, which was then surrounded by a wall. The ghetto population at its peak was about 400,000 Jews. The conditions in the ghetto were harsh. There was not enough food, coal in the winter, shelter, or basic necessities. Starvation and illness from the over-crowded, deplorable conditions inside the Warsaw ghetto killed many. From July 22 until September 12, 1942, about 265,000 Jews were deported from Warsaw to the Treblinka extermination camp while approximately 35,000 Jews inside the ghetto were killed. Then there was relative quiet until January 1943 when a second major wave of deportation started. When German SS and police units, assisted by auxiliaries entered the ghetto, they were surprised to be met with organized armed resistance and withdrew. When they returned on April 19, 1943, stiff resistance that continued for three weeks met the Germans. By the time the better-armed Germans ended the operation on May 16, 1943, the ghetto was largely destroyed. At least 7,000 Jews sided during the fighting, another 42,000 survivors were captured and deported, and approximately 10,000 escaped to the Aryan side of the city.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=4050.0,4080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/annotation_set/1097/annotation/219","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe High Holy Days are the two holiest times of the Jewish calendar: Rosh HaShanah (Jewish New Year) and Yom Kippur (Day of Atonement).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=4170.0,4200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/annotation_set/1097/annotation/220","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOn November 11, 2000, the Atlanta Community Symphony Orchestra performed Sibelius' Finlandia, Op. 26, Gerson's Rhapsody for Orchestra and Bruch's Kol Nidrei for Cello and Orchestra at the Marcus Jewish Community Center of Atlanta.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=4290.0,4320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/annotation_set/1097/annotation/221","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGeorgia Institute of Technology, which is commonly referred to as Georgia Tech is a public research university and institute of technology in Atlanta. It was founded in 1885 during Reconstruction as part of the plan to build an industrial economy in the post-Civil War South.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=4320.0,4350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/annotation_set/1097/annotation/222","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLola Borkowska Lansky (1926-1999) was a Polish Jew who survived the concentration camps of Auschwitz-Birkenau, Ravensbruck, Buchenwald, and Bergen-Belsen. In 1964, she co-founded Eternal Life-Hemshech, a membership organization for survivors living in Atlanta, and in 1965 led the campaign to have a Holocaust monument erected in Atlanta. Her efforts resulted in the Memorial to the Six Million at Greenwood Cemetery. Lola was married to Rubin Lansky, another Holocaust survivor. The couple had two children. Lola and Rubin’s testimonies and papers are housed at the Breman Museum’s Cuba Family Archives for Southern Jewish History.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=4320.0,4350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/annotation_set/1097/annotation/223","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOn October 22, 1995, the Atlanta Community Symphony Orchestra performed a program called the “Survivors’ Tribute Symphony” at the Georgia Tech Center for The Arts. The event commemorated the 50th anniversary of the liberation of the camps. It was sponsored by the Second Generation of Eternal Life-Hemshech to benefit the Eternal Life-Hemshech Fund. Karen Lansy Edlin, the daughter of suvrivors Abe and Lola Lansy, charied the event.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=4320.0,4350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/annotation_set/1097/annotation/224","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJuan Ramirez-Hernadez is the first violist of the Atlanta Symphony Orchestra. He was born in Mexico and later moved to the United States, where he continued his music education. He has been a member of the Atlanta Symphony Orchestra since 1974 and is the founder and artistic director of the Atlanta Virtuosi Foundation, Buckhead Youth Orchestra and Casa de la Cultura-Atlanta. He has won numerous awards, and also is a composer and conductor.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=4350.0,4380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/annotation_set/1097/annotation/225","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e“Kol Nidrei, Op. 47”  is a composition for cello and orchestra written by Max Bruch (1838-1920).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=4350.0,4380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/annotation_set/1097/annotation/226","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRachel Antman Oliver (b. 1939) is a pianist born in Jerusalem, who later came to the United States. She studied at the Jerusalem Academy of Music and later studied in Brussels where she earned her master’s in music. She has taught and played piano in Israel, Brussels, Detroit and Atlanta.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=4350.0,4380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/annotation_set/1097/annotation/227","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOn October 22, 1995, the Atlanta Community Symphony Orchestra performed a program called the “Survivors’ Tribute Symphony” at the Georgia Tech Center for The Arts. The event commemorated the 50th anniversary of the liberation of the camps. It was sponsored by the Second Generation of Eternal Life-\u003cem\u003eHemshech\u003c/em\u003e to benefit the Eternal Life-\u003cem\u003eHemshech\u003c/em\u003e Fund. Karen Lansy Edlin, the daughter of suvrivors Abe and Lola Lansy, charied the event.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=4350.0,4380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/annotation_set/1097/annotation/228","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTyphoid fever is a disease caused by consuming food or drink that have a been contaminated with bacteria. It impacts the organs and if treatment isn't provided it can be fatal.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=4440.0,4470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/annotation_set/1097/annotation/229","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTyphus is a disease spread by lice, fleas or mites. During World War II, typhus epidemics killed many individuals in POW camps, ghettos and in concentration camps who were held in unhygienic conditions.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=4470.0,4500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/annotation_set/1097/annotation/230","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWorld War I, also called First World War or Great War, was an international conflict that in 1914–18 embroiled most of the nations of Europe along with Russia, the United States, the Middle East, and other regions. The war pitted the Central Powers—mainly Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Turkey—against the Allies—mainly France, Great Britain, Russia, Italy, Japan, and, from 1917, the United States. It ended with the defeat of the Central Powers.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=4470.0,4500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/annotation_set/1097/annotation/231","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Treaty of Versailles, which ended World War 1, had forced Germany to cede an area known as West Prussia—which included Danzig [Polish: Gdansk], largely an ethnically German city—to the newly reconstructed state of Poland. Hitler was determined to overturn the military and territorial provisions of the Versailles treaty and include ethnic Germans in the Reich. In preparation for war with Poland, in the spring of 1939 Hitler demanded the annexation of Danzig to Germany and extraterritorial rail access for Germany across the \"Polish Corridor,\" the Polish frontier to East Prussia. In August 1939, Germany threatened war if Poland did not cooperate. By the end of August, Polish forces were mobilized in preparation for an armed conflict.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=4500.0,4530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/annotation_set/1097/annotation/232","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIra Jarrell (1896-1972) was born Helen Ira Jarrell in Meriwether County, Georgia. She began her career as an elementary schoolteacher in Atlanta, Georgia in 1916 and was superintendent of the Atlanta Public School System from 1932 to 1960. She retired when she was accused of resisting desegregation and racial equality in the school system in 1960. She became director of curriculum development section of Georgia State Department of Education from 1960 to 1967.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=4650.0,4680.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/index/59224","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Gerson, Abe and Miriam [Index]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/index/59224/annotation/233","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Shares about his family and childhood","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=7.0,217.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/index/59224/annotation/234","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I was born in Poland. My father died when I was six months old, so I never knew him. My mother died of cancer on the breast. I knew her [until] I was about eight years old. ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=7.0,217.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/index/59224/annotation/235","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Bar Mitzvah","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Breast Cancer","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hebrew School","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lodz, Poland","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Orphan","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Sabbath","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Tailor","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Torah","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=7.0,217.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/index/59224/annotation/236","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Life in the Lodz Ghetto","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=217.0,465.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/index/59224/annotation/237","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In 1939, my grandmother died in the ghetto. My grandfather died also in the ghetto. I lived with an uncle of mine that married my mother's sister. I lived with them.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=217.0,465.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/index/59224/annotation/238","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Factory","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Grandparents","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lodz Ghetto","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=217.0,465.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/index/59224/annotation/239","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Being sent to Auschwitz","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=465.0,704.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/index/59224/annotation/240","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When I went to Auschwitz with her, they used to separate people and they used to say . . . Naturally, when they saw you got three children, they knew already . . . the ones who were there, they knew what was going on. Naturally, the mothers will not leave the children.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=465.0,704.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/index/59224/annotation/241","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Auschwitz","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Concentration Camp","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Kapo","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SS","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=465.0,704.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/index/59224/annotation/242","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Life at Auschwitz","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=704.0,961.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/index/59224/annotation/243","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One day that came in. They said, \"Who can play piano, drums, violin, and this?\"  I sit and another fella next to me says, \"You say you played violin?\" He says, \"Yes, I played clarinet, but I'm afraid to say something.\" He says, \"If they know of something how to play, they may kill you.\"","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=704.0,961.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/index/59224/annotation/244","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Auschwitz","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Barracks","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Concentration Camp","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Crematorium","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Gdansk, Poland","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Gdynia, Poland","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Kapo","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Musician","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Violin","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=704.0,961.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/index/59224/annotation/245","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Getting sent to a labor camp","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=961.0,1144.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/index/59224/annotation/246","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There's a fellow came to me and he was a kapo. He says, \"You cannot be in Auschwitz.\" He says, \"I got to get you out of here.\" I said, \"Where are you going to get me? I don't have nowhere to go. ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=961.0,1144.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/index/59224/annotation/247","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ammunition","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Auschwitz","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Crematorium","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Kapo","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Labor Camp","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=961.0,1144.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/index/59224/annotation/248","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Being liberated by the Americans","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=1144.0,1380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/index/59224/annotation/249","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"All of a sudden, the trains could not run because the Americans broke the line, and they could not go. They said that they already had a big ditch, I mean a huge ditch to get everybody in.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=1144.0,1380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/index/59224/annotation/250","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Germany","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Labor Camps","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Liberation","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Red Cross","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Trains","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=1144.0,1380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/index/59224/annotation/251","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Recovery after the war ended","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=1380.0,1645.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/index/59224/annotation/252","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He took me to a Catholic monastery. They gave up a house, buildings to cure us. When I got there, I weighed about 50 pounds, nothing but bones, maybe 45, 50, something like that. ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=1380.0,1645.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/index/59224/annotation/253","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Catholic Monastery","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Displaced Person","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hospital","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hunger","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"St. Ottilien","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Stravation","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=1380.0,1645.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/index/59224/annotation/254","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Connecting with his family in the United States and immigrating","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=1645.0,2151.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/index/59224/annotation/255","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I worked there and I had a captain, an American captain came there, and his name was Captain Kushner. He [spoke] Yiddish. He asked me. He says, \"Do you have anybody in the United States?\" I said, \"Yes, I have an uncle and I have a cousin.\" ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=1645.0,2151.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/index/59224/annotation/256","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Army","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Atlanta, Georgia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Columbus, Georgia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ellis Island","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Family","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Immigration","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"United States","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yiddish","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=1645.0,2151.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/index/59224/annotation/257","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Building their lives in Georgia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677#t=2151.0,2629.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/105248/file/205677/index/59224/annotation/258","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I stayed with a cousin of mine here. 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