{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/fj29883668/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Kemp, Don"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["2010-08-11 (creation)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["Video"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source"]},"value":{"en":["The William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum","Esther and Herbert Taylor Jewish Oral History Collection"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eDon Kemp interviewed by Sandra Berman on August 11, 2010, in Anniston, Alabama\u003c/p\u003e (general)","\u003cp\u003eDon Kemp’s parents, Rudolph Alfred Kempenich and Margareta Sybilla Nathan KempEnich, came to Alabama from Emmerich, Germany in 1937.  The town was near the border with Holland, and they were able to move money and possessions across the border in preparation for their departure.  Their departure was accelerated when the Gestapo began questioning them, and that day in 1937 they left Germany suddenly, crossing the border into Holland and then boarding a ship to the United States.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eDon’s father’s family was scattered throughout the world, in Brazil, Palestine, and France.   Because many of Don’s mother’s family members were in Alabama by then, his parents made the decision to join them there.  His brother Alfred was born in 1939, Don was born in 1942, and his sister Margaret was born in 1947. \u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eDon’s great uncle had become president of a fabrics factory in Anniston, and when Don’s parents first arrived his father worked in the factory doing time and studies work.  He then opened a bowling alley and later started another fabrics factory to complement the uncle’s factory.  That factory, which he eventually sold, is still in Anniston today.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eDon grew up in Anniston, and throughout his childhood, he attended the segregated public schools and Sunday school at the temple.  He became bar mitzvah, participated in the North Alabama Federation of Temple Youth, and attended Camp Blue Star, an overnight Jewish summer camp.  His parents and another couple built summer homes in the country on a pond, and Don has fond memories of spending summers there. \u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAfter graduating from the University of North Carolina, Don returned to Anniston to work in his father’s factory.  He was introduced to his wife, Gail Sopkin, when he attended the funeral of the father of a college roommate from Florence, South Carolina.  While there, the friend’s mother and Gail’s mother decided Don and Gail should meet, and they later married.  Gail passed away in 1988. \u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eDon’s parents were active in the community, participating in Jewish life as well as in civic organizations.  They supported and participated in the peaceful desegregation of Anniston.  When they became naturalized citizens, they shortened the family name to Kemp at the suggestion of the judge.  Don’s father lived to be 89, and his mother was 95 when she died.  Although the community has changed and the Jewish community has diminished, Don still lives in Anniston and fondly recalls his family history there. \u003c/p\u003e (bioghist)","\u003cp\u003eDon explains why and how his parents came to the United States and settled in Anniston, Alabama.  They had been living in Emmerich, Germany, and left in 1937.  Don’s mother’s uncle had come to Anniston and, over time, other family members joined him there.  Don discusses the livelihoods of his family members in Anniston and describes his experiences growing up in a small Southern community, both as a Jew and during segregation. \u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe interview includes descriptions of the temple and the Jewish community, the economy of Anniston and the family businesses, segregation and desegregation, and personal stories from his childhood and of his family.  Don describes how the Jewish community and the broader community have changed over time.  Many white families began sending their children to private schools or moving to surrounding communities.  Many young people have moved away, in favor of larger cities, and many of the factories that supported the community are now gone. \u003c/p\u003e (scope content)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source Metadata URI"]},"value":{"en":["https://archivesspace.thebreman.org/repositories/2/archival_objects/28434"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}}],"summary":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eDon Kemp interviewed by Sandra Berman on August 11, 2010, in Anniston, Alabama\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDon Kemp’s parents, Rudolph Alfred Kempenich and Margareta Sybilla Nathan KempEnich, came to Alabama from Emmerich, Germany in 1937.  The town was near the border with Holland, and they were able to move money and possessions across the border in preparation for their departure.  Their departure was accelerated when the Gestapo began questioning them, and that day in 1937 they left Germany suddenly, crossing the border into Holland and then boarding a ship to the United States.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eDon’s father’s family was scattered throughout the world, in Brazil, Palestine, and France.   Because many of Don’s mother’s family members were in Alabama by then, his parents made the decision to join them there.  His brother Alfred was born in 1939, Don was born in 1942, and his sister Margaret was born in 1947. \u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eDon’s great uncle had become president of a fabrics factory in Anniston, and when Don’s parents first arrived his father worked in the factory doing time and studies work.  He then opened a bowling alley and later started another fabrics factory to complement the uncle’s factory.  That factory, which he eventually sold, is still in Anniston today.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eDon grew up in Anniston, and throughout his childhood, he attended the segregated public schools and Sunday school at the temple.  He became bar mitzvah, participated in the North Alabama Federation of Temple Youth, and attended Camp Blue Star, an overnight Jewish summer camp.  His parents and another couple built summer homes in the country on a pond, and Don has fond memories of spending summers there. \u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAfter graduating from the University of North Carolina, Don returned to Anniston to work in his father’s factory.  He was introduced to his wife, Gail Sopkin, when he attended the funeral of the father of a college roommate from Florence, South Carolina.  While there, the friend’s mother and Gail’s mother decided Don and Gail should meet, and they later married.  Gail passed away in 1988. \u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eDon’s parents were active in the community, participating in Jewish life as well as in civic organizations.  They supported and participated in the peaceful desegregation of Anniston.  When they became naturalized citizens, they shortened the family name to Kemp at the suggestion of the judge.  Don’s father lived to be 89, and his mother was 95 when she died.  Although the community has changed and the Jewish community has diminished, Don still lives in Anniston and fondly recalls his family history there. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDon explains why and how his parents came to the United States and settled in Anniston, Alabama.  They had been living in Emmerich, Germany, and left in 1937.  Don’s mother’s uncle had come to Anniston and, over time, other family members joined him there.  Don discusses the livelihoods of his family members in Anniston and describes his experiences growing up in a small Southern community, both as a Jew and during segregation. \u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe interview includes descriptions of the temple and the Jewish community, the economy of Anniston and the family businesses, segregation and desegregation, and personal stories from his childhood and of his family.  Don describes how the Jewish community and the broader community have changed over time.  Many white families began sending their children to private schools or moving to surrounding communities.  Many young people have moved away, in favor of larger cities, and many of the factories that supported the community are now gone. \u003c/p\u003e"]},"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/110/543/small/Don_Kemp.png?1619300039","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - Kemp_Don.mp4"]},"duration":4040.181,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/110/543/small/Don_Kemp.png?1619300039","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-thebreman.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/110/543/original/Kemp_Don.mp4?1615119527","type":"Video","format":"video/mp4","duration":4040.181,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/transcript/24091","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Kemp, Don [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/transcript/24091/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Today is August 11, 2010. My name is Sandra Berman. I am here with\nDon Kemp, who has agreed to participate in the Oral History Project of the\nEsther and Herbert Taylor Oral History Project of the William Breman Jewish\nHeritage Museum. Thank you so much for agreeing to participate in this project.\nWe're very glad to be here in Anniston, Alabama. I'd like to begin by asking you\nto tell us a little bit about your own ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/transcript/24091/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"background, where you were born, where\nyour parents were born, and your parents' names.\n\nKEMP: My father's name is Rudy Alfred Kemp. Actually, in Germany it was 'Rudolf\nAlfred Kempenich.'\n\nBERMAN: How do you spell that?\n\nKEMP: K-E-M-P-E-N-I-C-H. He was born in Emmerich, Germany. Emmerich is the last\ntown on the Rhine ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/transcript/24091/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"River before you get to Holland. Mother was also born there.\nHer name is Margareta Sybilla [sp]. Her maiden name was Nathan and, of course, Kempenich.\n\nBERMAN: Could spell her first and maiden name?\n\nKEMP: M-A-R-G-A-R-[E]-T-A. Sybilla is S-Y-B-I-L-L-A, and Nathan, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=60.0,90.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/transcript/24091/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"N-A-T-H-A-N. My\ngrandparents on both sides were also living in Emmerich. Mother's mother was\nfrom a town called Giershagen, Germany, which is where her father lived. He also\ncame to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=90.0,120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/transcript/24091/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Anniston when my mother and father came over.\n\nBERMAN: Let's talk a little about your life in Germany. How old you were when\nyou . . .\n\nKEMP: I was born here.\n\nBERMAN: You were born here.\n\nKEMP: Yes. They came over in 1937, and I was born in 1942.\n\nBERMAN: Did they talk much about what they were experiencing in Germany during\nthat era and what prompted them to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=120.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/transcript/24091/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"leave?\n\nKEMP: Yes. They talked some about it. They left before they started rounding\npeople up in Germany, so they were never in a concentration camp or anything\nlike that. They experienced things like not being able to work anymore. Their\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=150.0,180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/transcript/24091/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"possessions, money basically . . . their bank accounts were not really in their\ncontrol anymore. They were allowed to take a certain amount out each month, but\nit was a limited amount. They were there when the temple was . . . I think . . .\nthey were there when Jews were mistreated, when they had to wear stars [of\nDavid], and they had their ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=180.0,210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/transcript/24091/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"passports stamped with a star, and so on.\n\nBERMAN: Did they talk very much about the decision-making process? How they went\nabout getting everything in order and what went into leaving?\n\nKEMP: They had been planning to leave a good bit before they left. Dad's\nbrothers . . . both brothers . . . and a sister had already left. One brother\nwent to Brazil, and one went to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=210.0,240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/transcript/24091/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Israel [then Palestine], and his sister was\nliving in France at the time. They had been planning to leave and trying to\ndecide where to go. They made a trip to Israel [then Palestine] to see what that\nwas like and visited his brother. His brother showed him you can have an orange\ngrove here or something. Dad didn't think he ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=240.0,270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/transcript/24091/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"could figure out how to make\noranges grow in the sand, so they decided not to go there. In talking about it,\nMother said that Dad's family was scattered all over the world, and her family\nwas all here, so they decided to come here.\n\nBERMAN: How far back did your mother's family go in this country and in the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=270.0,300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/transcript/24091/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"South?\n\nKEMP: Her close family . . . back to probably the early 1920's, 1930's,\nsomething like that . . . her uncle, [Levi] Lee Freibaum . . . I'm not sure what\nyear he came here. He was in Gadsden [Alabama] . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=300.0,330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/transcript/24091/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think he was a bankruptcy\nadministrator. There was a factory here that was in bankruptcy. He handled that\nand ended up as the president of that company, Classy Ribbon, which made narrow\nfabrics, ribbons, and that sort of thing. He was the one who arranged for the\nrest of the family to come ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=330.0,360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/transcript/24091/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"over. He first brought over my uncle before things\nreally got bad over there. My uncle was about 14, I think. He also brought over\nmy aunt, my mother's sister. Then, when Mother and Dad decided to leave, he told\nthem that he would also bring them over, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=360.0,390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/transcript/24091/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but he wanted them to bring his father\nand his sister with them. My grandparents had already come. The other sister was\nMetha Freibaum. His father was Solomon Freibaum. Freibaum is F-R-E-I-B-A-U-M.\nThe four of them came over ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=390.0,420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/transcript/24091/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"together in 1937. Dad had been taking out the maximum\namount that he could each month from the bank, and he had been smuggling some of\nthat across the border in the handlebars of his bicycle and that sort of thing.\nAny time he had a chance to, he took out money to relatives in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=420.0,450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/transcript/24091/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Holland. They had\nalso been preparing to ship their things and had actually a lot of their\npossessions already in Holland, which they were able to bring over here with\nthem. The day they decided to leave, the Gestapo had told them that they wanted\nthem to come in the next day to be interviewed about why they ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=450.0,480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/transcript/24091/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"had been taking\nout as much money as they had been able to. Dad had previously told them that\nthey had lost their passports. They had two sets of passports, and when the\nGestapo told them that, they took the one set. After they left, Dad immediately\nwent and got Mother, who was in a beauty shop, and told her it was time to\nleave. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=480.0,510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/transcript/24091/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They were right at the border, so they just walked across the border and left.\n\nBERMAN: That's an amazing story. Did they come directly to Anniston or did they\n. . .\n\nKEMP: They did. Yes. Actually, they already had tickets, I believe, on a ship,\nso they came over.\n\nBERMAN: Did they speak English?\n\nKEMP: Not really. No. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=510.0,540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/transcript/24091/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Nothing.\n\nBERMAN: Did they talk much about what it was like their first days here in\nAnniston, their first few months, trying to learn English and finding a place\nfor themselves in Southern society?\n\nKEMP: Dad, prior to leaving, had learned magic tricks and bought supplies for\nthat. He did shows on the boat when they were on the way ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=540.0,570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/transcript/24091/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"over. When they got to\nAmerica, they didn't have to go to Ellis Island. We had a relative who was the\nchairman of the school board in New York, so he went out to the boat and met the\nboat and brought them in. They actually skipped that whole Ellis Island process.\nThen ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=570.0,600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/transcript/24091/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they came down here, I suppose by train. I really hadn't asked that\nquestion. They had relatives here. My grandparents were here. My uncle and aunt\nwere here on Mother's side of the family. My great uncle was here, so it wasn't\nhard finding someone to speak to or to help them get adjusted. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=600.0,630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/transcript/24091/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Dad liked to tell\na story about when he got his first haircut. My uncle told him what to do and\nthat all he had to do was say 'yes.' Dad went in to get a haircut and got that.\nThe man asked him if he wanted a shave, and he said 'yes.' He asked him if he\nwanted a singe. They used to take a little stick, and they would light a match\nand singe off the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=630.0,660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/transcript/24091/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"hair if there was any sticking out. Dad said 'yes,' so they\nstarted that and Dad said 'no, no, no, no.' The barber always said that that's\nwhere he learned how to say 'no.'\n\nBERMAN: That's great. What line of work did they go into when they got here.\n\nKEMP: They started working in the factory that my uncle owned.\n\nBERMAN: That was the ribbon . . .\n\nKEMP: Yes. He was the president of it; there were other ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=660.0,690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/transcript/24091/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"shareholders. Dad worked\nthere as a . . . I'm trying to think of the word . . . doing time and motion\nstudies and that sort of thing, because he had had some experience with that in\nGermany. He learned English reasonably quickly, was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=690.0,720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/transcript/24091/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"promoted, and finally got to\nthe point where he couldn't make any more money there. My great uncle told him\nthat was as much as he could pay him because he wasn't paying anybody else more.\nDad left that and went to work at the Anniston Army Depot, which is in Bynum,\nadjacent to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=720.0,750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/transcript/24091/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Anniston, and worked there also doing time and motion studies.\nEventually, when he left there, he started a bowling alley. He had been talking\nto the Jewish soldiers that were coming to the Temple and asking them what they\nthought was needed in Anniston. That's something they thought people would like,\nso he started a bowling alley and eventually ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=750.0,780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/transcript/24091/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sold that. My great uncle, his\nuncle, had been telling him that there was a need for a textile factory in\nAnniston that made cotton fabrics, that they had a lot of inquiries for that but\nthey couldn't make them in the same factory that synthetic fabrics were being\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=780.0,810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/transcript/24091/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"made. He and some other people in Anniston that had Classy Ribbon helped Dad get\nanother factory started making cotton narrow fabrics.\n\nBERMAN: What was the name of the bowling alley?\n\nKEMP: I don't know. I don't remember.\n\nBERMAN: What was the name of the factory?\n\nKEMP: Tape-Craft.\n\nBERMAN: I'm sorry.\n\nKEMP: Tape-Craft. T-A-P-E hyphen ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=810.0,840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/transcript/24091/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"C-R-A-F-T.\n\nBERMAN: How long did that factory stay in business?\n\nKEMP: It's still here.\n\nBERMAN: It's still here.\n\nKEMP: Dad . . . again it was owned by stockholders . . . sold the factory in\n1969 to a company in Massachusetts . . . Chelsea ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=840.0,870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/transcript/24091/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Industries, and they eventually\nsold it to YKK, the very large Japanese corporation. YKK was in the zipper\nbusiness, and one of the products made at Tape-Craft was zipper tape. Then YKK\neventually sold it to six of the employees that were working there. The factory\nis still here.\n\nBERMAN: What are they making now?\n\nKEMP: I'm sorry. I've got that wrong. Excuse ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=870.0,900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/transcript/24091/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"me. They sold it to Chelsea\nIndustries. Chelsea sold it to six people, and then those six people sold it to\nYKK. YKK still owns the factory.\n\nBERMAN: What do they make today?\n\nKEMP: They still make narrow fabrics, things like zipper tapes, webbings, tapes\nthat go on uniforms, all sorts of narrow webbings and materials, label tapes.\n\nBERMAN: What year were you born?\n\nKEMP: Nineteen ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=900.0,930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/transcript/24091/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"hundred forty-two.\n\nBERMAN: They had been here four years before you were born?\n\nKEMP: Four or five years, yes. My brother was born in 1939, and his name is\nAlfred Max Kemp. My sister was born in 1947, and her name is Margaret Jean Kemp.\n\nBERMAN: Are they still living here also?\n\nKEMP: Fred is. My sister lives in Fort Worth, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=930.0,960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/transcript/24091/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Texas.\n\nBERMAN: I'd like to talk a little bit now about your childhood and growing up\nhere in Anniston. Were your parents . . . for one thing, were they members of\nthe Temple here, [Temple] Beth-El?\n\nKEMP: Yes.\n\nBERMAN: You grew up here in the Sunday school and . . .\n\nKEMP: Yes.\n\nBERMAN: Can you describe what the Temple was like back in the 1940's when you\nwere just a little boy?\n\nKEMP: Let me tell me a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=960.0,990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/transcript/24091/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"story about my great-grandfather first. He came over on\nthe boat with Mother and Dad and with his daughter, Metha Freibaum.\n\nBERMAN: What was his name?\n\nKEMP: Solomon Freibaum. His daughter that came over with him was Metha Freibaum.\nShe had taken care of him in Germany. She never married. He was 89 or 90 when he\ncame. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=990.0,1020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/transcript/24091/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The first time Dad came to Temple with him he said, \"This is a Reform\ntemple.\" My grandfather was Orthodox. He said, \"It's okay if you want to wear\nyour yarmulke if you want to.\" His grandfather said, \"No, little boy, that's\nokay. I pray with my heart, not with my hat.\" He came into the temple with him\nthat ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=1020.0,1050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/transcript/24091/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"way. It was a very Reform temple. They didn't like a lot of Hebrew in the\nservice back then, when they first started coming here.\n\nBERMAN: Who was the rabbi?\n\nKEMP: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=1050.0,1080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/transcript/24091/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We had student rabbis back then from the Hebrew Union College in\nCincinnati [Ohio]. When you say 'back then,' the first one I remember is Irving\nBloom, who lives in Atlanta now.\n\nBERMAN: We're interviewing him next week.\n\nKEMP: After him was David Baylinson, who is also in Atlanta now. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=1080.0,1110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/transcript/24091/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't\nremember the names of the rabbis before that. We had lay services also, and Dad\nconducted a lot of those.\n\nBERMAN: How many families were here in the 1940's when you were growing up here,\nin the 1940's and 1950's?\n\nKEMP: I guess about 40 or 50, something like that. More than now. We had a much\nlarger young . . . we don't have any young people now really. Just a few. We had\nenough young ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=1110.0,1140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/transcript/24091/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"people to have Sunday school and to participate in things around\nthe area. There was an organization called 'NFTY,' which is the 'North\n[American] Federation of Temple Youth.' We would get together with other Jewish\nkids from Gadsden [Alabama], Florence [Alabama], Huntsville [Alabama], ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=1140.0,1170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/transcript/24091/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jasper\n[Alabama], [and] other small towns that had synagogues. Once a year, we would go\nto one temple or the other for a convention.\n\nBERMAN: Were you a pretty close knit group?\n\nKEMP: Was I . . .\n\nBERMAN: The young people. Were you a close knit group?\n\nKEMP: As close knit as you can be when you live as far apart as we did. We knew\neach other, we did things together, went to each other's ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=1170.0,1200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/transcript/24091/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"houses, that sort of thing.\n\nBERMAN: What about your parents. Did they associate with mainly the family? Did\nthey have a lot of friends within the community? Did they associate mainly with Jews?\n\nKEMP: Both, I think. I think the Jewish community was much closer then than it\nis now to each other, and they did a lot more things together than the community\ndoes now. They were a pretty ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=1200.0,1230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/transcript/24091/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"close knit group.\n\nBERMAN: Can you describe some of the activities they did?\n\nKEMP: Most of the activities were here at the Temple, just the normal things\nthat you do now. We had meals together and that sort of thing. They had a B'nai\nB'rith organization and a Sisterhood. They got together at those ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=1230.0,1260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/transcript/24091/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"things. They\nwere friendly enough to have each other over to their homes.\n\nBERMAN: Where did you go to school?\n\nKEMP: I went to the public schools here in Anniston, from first grade through\ntwelfth. Then I went to the University of North Carolina in Chapel Hill.\n\nBERMAN: What was school like for ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=1260.0,1290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/transcript/24091/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you? Being Jewish in a smaller community, were\nyou well accepted at school?\n\nKEMP: Yes. I never had any instance that I can think of that I would call\nantisemitic. I was in the Hi-Y, which is associated with the YMCA [Young Men's\nChristian Association.] I was the 'Hi-Y Boy of the Year.'\n\nBERMAN: That's great.\n\nKEMP: No, I didn't really feel . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=1290.0,1320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/transcript/24091/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"People weren't very familiar with Judaism,\nbut I was invited to speak at some church youth groups. I really didn't feel any\nprejudice because of that. Mother and Dad were pretty prominent members of the\ncommunity, and that probably had something to do with it, too.\n\nBERMAN: Did you invite some of your non-Jewish friends to your home to\nparticipate in Jewish holiday ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=1320.0,1350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/transcript/24091/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"celebrations?\n\nKEMP: Not much. Maybe a little bit. Some of them would come to the Temple with\nus. A lot of them were here for my bar mitzvah.\n\nBERMAN: As you got older, what about dating? Was that a problem or an issue for\nyour parents, since there were not that many Jewish girls?\n\nKEMP: No, not really. All of us dated ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=1350.0,1380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/transcript/24091/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"non-Jewish girls, or boys in my sister's\ncase, because there really wasn't much choice.\n\nBERMAN: You were bar mitzvahed. Do you remember which rabbi was officiate[d]?\n\nKEMP: [Rabbi] Baylinson. Rabbi Bloom came back for it also, so they both\nparticipated in my bar mitzvah.\n\nBERMAN: Were a lot of members of the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=1380.0,1410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/transcript/24091/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"community here in attendance?\n\nKEMP: Yes. Back then we could fill the house up pretty well, so it was a pretty\nfull house.\n\nBERMAN: That's great. Did you go to Jewish summer camp?\n\nKEMP: I went to [Camp] Blue Star twice. When I was 11 was the first time. Rabbi\nBloom was the counselor there in my cabin, so that was nice. Then I went again\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=1410.0,1440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/transcript/24091/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"two years later.\n\nBERMAN: Was it important for your parents to send you to Jewish camp to give you\nmore of a broad . . .\n\nKEMP: I wouldn't say . . . I don't know if it was important to them or not. They\nobviously supported it, and I guess it was probably their idea, so maybe it was\nimportant to them.\n\nBERMAN: Did you have a particular hangout here in town?\n\nKEMP: Not ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=1440.0,1470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/transcript/24091/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"really. We all did things together, and really not so much with Jewish\nfriends, because I was the only Jewish boy in high school. We hung out at the\nsame places everybody else did.\n\nBERMAN: Where was that?\n\nKEMP: What age?\n\nBERMAN: Teen years, let's say.\n\nKEMP: I would go places ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=1470.0,1500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/transcript/24091/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with my girlfriend, several other friends. There was a\ndrive-in restaurant that everybody would hang out at. We would go to the\ndrive-in movies, that sort of thing.\n\nBERMAN: Let's talk a little bit about the changes that were happening in the\nSouth during the 1950's and early 1960's. Did your parents ever discuss with you\nthe situation between the races here in the South? Was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=1500.0,1530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/transcript/24091/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that a conversation you\nhad in your home?\n\nKEMP: Not so much. Back when I was in . . . the whole way through school here\nwas segregated. All of the maids and gardeners and people like that were all\nblacks. It was hard for blacks to get a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=1530.0,1560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/transcript/24091/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"job other than working in a foundry or\ndoing manual labor like that. The facilities were all segregated. Bathrooms were\nall segregated. Water fountains. There was a black water fountain. It was called\na 'colored water fountain' back then. The train station had a 'colored area' and\na 'white area.' ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=1560.0,1590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/transcript/24091/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That was the only life I knew at that time. It, I guess, was the\nnormal way for life in the South. When I went to school at [University of North]\nCarolina, [it] was the first time that I had actually had a black ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=1590.0,1620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/transcript/24091/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"person in my\nclassroom, and there weren't many there either. It was sort of an unusual thing.\nAfter things were desegregated here, the first time I went into a fast food\nplace and saw blacks in line--that was an unusual thing. It was . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=1620.0,1650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/transcript/24091/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I wouldn't\nsay accepted so much, but it was normal here. There wasn't much that people\ncould do about it. We had blacks that worked for us. Later on, after\nintegration, Dad was one of the people that helped get the library integrated.\nHe hired people early on to work in the plant that were black, other than his\nsweepers . . . I mean actually have a job working ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=1650.0,1680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/transcript/24091/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in manufacturing. Early on,\nthat was just the way it was.\n\nBERMAN: Do you think your parents related at all to the discrimination they saw\nhere, to the discrimination that they had to leave Germany for, to see that same\nthing happening to another group of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=1680.0,1710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/transcript/24091/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"people?\n\nKEMP: I don't know. I think they sort of accepted what was here.\n\nBERMAN: What about other Jews within the Anniston community? Did any of them get\ninvolved in the civil rights discussion? Were any of them involved with trying\nto change things?\n\nKEMP: I think it depends on what period of time you're talking about. If you're\ntalking about from the time they came here ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=1710.0,1740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/transcript/24091/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"until the middle to late 1950's,\nprobably not. If you're talking about after that, yes. Dad was a member of COUL,\nwhich was the 'Committee of Unified Leadership,' and other people in the Jewish\ncommunity were also, which was an organization that was trying to make things go\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=1740.0,1770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/transcript/24091/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"peacefully in desegregating the South. A local group. Yes, people were involved\nlater on, but in actually participating in marches and that sort of thing, I\ndon't remember anybody doing that.\n\nBERMAN: Do you remember the discussions that were going on in the early 1960's\nwhen the march from Selma [Alabama] to Montgomery [Alabama] ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=1770.0,1800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/transcript/24091/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and . . . or any of\nthe reaction when the rabbis from the North came down to Birmingham? Can you\nrecall any of those discussions with your family or friends about how you felt?\n\nKEMP: I was in college by that time. You might remember the incident where there\nwas a bus burning here in Anniston, and the leading force in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=1800.0,1830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/transcript/24091/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that was the man\nthat was the head of the Ku Klux Klan here. I think he and Dad had had some\nrun-ins before. The bus was actually burned or ended up near where Dad's factory\nwas. He was certainly aware of that and upset by that, and it was a pretty\nterrible ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=1830.0,1860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/transcript/24091/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"incident in Anniston's history. I'm sorry. I lost the question now.\n\nBERMAN: I was just wondering if there was discussion about how your parents felt\nabout integration and about what was happening with the marches and all that.\nWhat was their reaction?\n\nKEMP: I think they were in favor of integration and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=1860.0,1890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/transcript/24091/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"realized, at least by that\ntime, that what was going on was wrong.\n\nBERMAN: Were your parents involved, besides in business, were they involved in\nlocal community organizations, like the Elks, the Lions, the Kiwanis, any of those?\n\nKEMP: Yes, they were very involved, and Dad in particular was very involved. I\nthink at one point he was on over 20 ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=1890.0,1920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/transcript/24091/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"separate boards [of directors] around town.\nThey were very involved in the community.\n\nBERMAN: What about you after college? You decided to come back to Anniston?\n\nKEMP: Yes. I worked at the plant here, at Dad's factory for 15 years. Then in\n1980, my brother and I bought an office supply and computer operation here in\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=1920.0,1950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/transcript/24091/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"town and worked there.\n\nBERMAN: Was there any thought of not coming back?\n\nKEMP: Not really.\n\nBERMAN: The pull of a big city . . . there was not the pull of a big city for\nyou, or was there?\n\nKEMP: Not really, because I was planning to work at Dad's factory. I did once .\n. . when we sold it, I worked for ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=1950.0,1980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/transcript/24091/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a year-and-a-half in Boston [Massachusetts],\nhalf a year in Providence [Rhode Island] for the company that bought Tape-Craft,\nand then came back here.\n\nBERMAN: How do you think Anniston has changed since you were a child to what\nit's like today? How would you describe the change?\n\nKEMP: In a lot of ways it hasn't changed much. Of course, everything has ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=1980.0,2010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/transcript/24091/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"changed\nfrom 1942 until now. Anniston, not so much. It's changed for the worse in some\nways, in that it has started shrinking. The school system is not very attractive\nI don't think to companies outside of Anniston. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=2010.0,2040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/transcript/24091/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"As I mentioned, when I was\ngrowing up the school system was totally segregated. There were black schools\nand white schools. It's pretty much that way again, only now the Anniston school\nsystem is almost totally black, and the white kids are going to either private\nschools or to Christian schools. I think that's a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=2040.0,2070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/transcript/24091/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"negative, but I don't know\nthat there's a solution to it. The school system is definitely not as good as it\nwas when I was growing up. When I was growing up, there were a lot of factories\nhere . . . foundries, textile plants. That was really the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=2070.0,2100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/transcript/24091/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"basis of the city, and\na lot of that has disappeared. There are still a couple of foundries here, but\nnot like it was, and there are still a couple of textile plants, but not like it\nwas. There's still a good bit of industry here, but not as much as there was\nback then. People have started leaving ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=2100.0,2130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/transcript/24091/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Anniston to move to surrounding\ncommunities, either to Oxford which . . . Oxford, when I was growing up, was\nprobably 4,000 or 5,000 people. Now, I think it's around the same size as\nAnniston, and a lot of the white community has fled to these surrounding\ncommunities. That's been a big change in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=2130.0,2160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/transcript/24091/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Anniston. There's still . . . I think\nthe whites are still a majority in Anniston, but it's not quite the same in\nregard to the composition of the population. I think it's been to the detriment\nof the city that all these people have left.\n\nBERMAN: On a smaller ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=2160.0,2190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/transcript/24091/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"scale, that's happened with the synagogue. Jewish families\nhave just . . . their children didn't come back after college. Is that mainly .\n. . how would you describe what's happened to the Jewish population here?\n\nKEMP: That's basically it. Like in most small Southern towns, the Jewish kids\nhave gone to larger cities, Atlanta or Birmingham or elsewhere. That's something\nelse that's not going to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=2190.0,2220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/transcript/24091/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"change I don't think. The small Jewish temples are\ndisappearing. Two of the ones I mentioned earlier, Jasper and Gadsden, have\nalready closed their temples.\n\nBERMAN: How often is this synagogue open?\n\nKEMP: We have services usually twice a month.\n\nBERMAN: Still with a student rabbi?\n\nKEMP: No. Rabbi Bloom conducts services once a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=2220.0,2250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/transcript/24091/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"month, and Rabbi Baylinson\nconducts services once a month. When they both retired, Rabbi Bloom was living\nin Fair Hope, Alabama, and would drive up once a month for services. Actually,\nhe conducted services here and in Gadsden at one point. They both started coming\nback when they retired.\n\n[interview pauses, then resumes]\n\nBERMAN: We were ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=2250.0,2280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/transcript/24091/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"discussing what the community is like today and how it's changed\nand how the synagogue has changed. Could you describe some of your fondest\nmemories of growing up here? A couple of days in the life of Don Kemp growing up\nin Anniston, Alabama.\n\nKEMP: When I was probably eight or ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=2280.0,2310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/transcript/24091/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"nine, they bought a place out in the country\nbetween Anniston and Gadsden in a small community called 'Wellington.' There was\na pond, and Mother and Dad and Hyman and Selma [Hirsch] Gordon built houses\nthere. We would pack up everything every summer and move out there for three\nmonths. There was a swimming pool. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=2310.0,2340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/transcript/24091/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That was a fond memory to go out there and be\nfishing and swimming all day. Back then, it was much more difficult to travel.\nGoing to Atlanta would take three hours or maybe a little more. The quickest way\nto get there would be to go to Tallapoosa [Georgia]and then go up country roads\nto Marietta [Georgia] ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=2340.0,2370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/transcript/24091/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and then back down to Atlanta [Georgia], because it took\nso long on Highway 78 with all of the trucks that you had to follow on that\nroad. It was a very slow process, hard to get other places, so people didn't\ntravel as much as they do now. We would have a lot of visitors. In fact, Selma\nGordon, her sister was Rosalie [Hirsch] ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=2370.0,2400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/transcript/24091/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Alterman. They would come visit us in\nthe summer, all of their family. They would spend a week or two with us, and a\nlot of other relatives would come and visit. People from in town would come out\nand visit, so that's a fond memory that I have of that.\n\nBERMAN: You mentioned dating ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=2400.0,2430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/transcript/24091/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"while you were living here in Anniston. How did you\nend up meeting your wife?\n\nKEMP: My roommate from college . . .\n\nBERMAN: And her [his wife's] name, by the way.\n\nKEMP: My roommate from college was from Florence, South Carolina. I went . . .\nafter we had graduated . . . when his father passed ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=2430.0,2460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/transcript/24091/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"away, I went to his father's\nfuneral. His mother and my future wife's mother got together at the funeral and\ndecided that they needed to introduce me to their daughter. That's how that happened.\n\nBERMAN: Her name?\n\nKEMP: Her name was Gail Sopkin . . . S-O-P-K-I-N.\n\nBERMAN: Is she related to Henry ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=2460.0,2490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/transcript/24091/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Sopkin?\n\nKEMP: To Henry? Probably.\n\nBERMAN: He was the conductor of the Atlanta Symphony Orchestra in the 1950's.\n\nKEMP: Yes, they were related.\n\nBERMAN: That's interesting.\n\nKEMP: That's how that happened. Gail died in 1988.\n\nBERMAN: I'm sorry. Was it important for you to marry someone Jewish?\n\nKEMP: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=2490.0,2520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/transcript/24091/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"At the time, yes. My second wife was not Jewish. It was what we were\nsupposed to do back then.\n\nBERMAN: I wanted to go back a little bit and ask you . . . you had mentioned\nearlier, when I first got here, that on your mother's side the family went all\nthe way back to the Civil War. Correct?\n\nKEMP: I understand that. I can't tell you who it ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=2520.0,2550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/transcript/24091/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was, though. I think the\nHagedorns or somebody had been here quite a while.\n\nBERMAN: You don't know any of that history then?\n\nKEMP: No.\n\nBERMAN: I was just curious if you had any Confederates in the attic, so to speak.\n\nKEMP: I don't know.\n\nBERMAN: Did you ever regret not living in a larger city?\n\nKEMP: No. I was happy ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=2550.0,2580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/transcript/24091/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"here.\n\nBERMAN: My last couple of questions. I wanted to also talk about . . . was the\n[Ku Klux] Klan very active in Anniston?\n\nKEMP: I think it was fairly active at one point.\n\nBERMAN: Was it ever a problem for any of the Jewish community here?\n\nKEMP: Not really. No. Not that I'm aware of, anyway. We didn't have any crosses\nburned in front ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=2580.0,2610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/transcript/24091/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the Temple. They did have a problem in Gadsden where they had\na bombing, I think, but, no, we didn't have that here. The Jewish community had\nbeen pretty active in Anniston from the founding of the city, so the people that\nwere in the Jewish community were fairly prominent members of the city.\n\nBERMAN: Was the school integration . . . I know you said you were ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=2610.0,2640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/transcript/24091/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"already in\ncollege, I think, but was the integration of the schools and common buildings,\npublic buildings, was it peaceful?\n\nKEMP: I think it was fairly peaceful, yes. I think they handled things here as\nwell as they could. There were problems, but I think it was pretty well handled\nhere. Would you like to hear about some of the rest of my family here?\n\nBERMAN: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=2640.0,2670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/transcript/24091/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yes, I would very much like to hear about the rest of your family.\n\nKEMP: My grandparents when they came over were in their fifties . . . I think 55\nor so. My grandfather started working in my uncle's factory. In Germany, he had\nbeen a cattle trader, cattle and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=2670.0,2700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/transcript/24091/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"horses. He liked carpentry work, so they put\nhim to work putting crates together for shipping. He started eventually taking a\ncart through the factory and another mill that was right next to it selling\nsandwiches to the employees. Then they started a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=2700.0,2730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/transcript/24091/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"little . . . I guess it would\nbe like a convenience store and sandwich store across the street from the\nfactories. They had a cafeteria-style setup for lunch, and the employees could\neat there. My grandparents and my great-aunt worked there, and eventually my\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=2730.0,2760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/transcript/24091/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"uncle and his sister, my aunt, also worked there. Uncle Henry . . . after my\ngrandparents got older, my uncle ran it, and then my aunt ran it for a while. My\ngreat-grandfather took care of the chickens . . . He was, of course, in his\nnineties . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=2760.0,2790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/transcript/24091/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so he became 'Chicken Opa,' and the grandfather that sold\nsandwiches became 'Sandwich Opa.' Henry Nathan eventually moved to Birmingham.\nWhen he went, he had a franchise fried chicken store called 'Chicken Delight.'\n\nBERMAN: I remember Chicken Delight.\n\nKEMP: Do ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=2790.0,2820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/transcript/24091/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you?\n\nBERMAN: I think so.\n\nKEMP: He did that for a while, and later on he took a job as a traveling\nsalesman selling chemicals. My Aunt Sophie, his wife, worked in a jewelry store\nover there. Their son ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=2820.0,2850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/transcript/24091/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"George went to Georgia [Institute of]\nTech[nology--Atlanta, Georgia] and is an engineer. His brother Mark got into the\nfood business. Aunt Helen, her first husband died not very long after they got\nmarried. They had a son Alan, who lives in Texas ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=2850.0,2880.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/transcript/24091/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"now. She remarried a man that\nshe met in the Catskills when they went up for a vacation with my great aunt. I\nthink they took her up there to find another husband. She met a fellow named\nAlfred Caro. Actually, Alan, her son, had met Alfred and went back and told his\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=2880.0,2910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/transcript/24091/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"mother that she should marry him. They did end up getting married, and Alfred\nmoved here. He first worked at the place where Helen was, my grandparents'\nstore, and then they bought a restaurant called the 'Annistonian.' For 20 or . .\n. [Don turns to person off camera on his left and asks, \"How long was that\nhere?\"] . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=2910.0,2940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/transcript/24091/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"20, 25 years, something like that, they ran the Annistonian. That\nbecame the most popular restaurant in town. [It] really did well while he was\nrunning it.\n\nBERMAN: What were those years that he was . . . When did he start the\nAnnistonian? Do you remember?\n\nKEMP: I'm not sure what the year was.\n\nBERMAN: Sixties?\n\nKEMP: Yes, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=2940.0,2970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/transcript/24091/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it was probably in the late Fifties I would think. Something like that.\n\n[Person off camera says, \"I think it was about 1955.\"]\n\nKEMP: Nineteen fifty-five. They also did catering. They catered my bar mitzvah,\nfor example. [They] catered my sister's wedding. Everybody in town went there to eat.\n\nBERMAN: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=2970.0,3000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/transcript/24091/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"How long did he have it? Was he forced or did he change the restaurant\nto include blacks? Was it integrated at some point?\n\nKEMP: Yes.\n\n[Person off camera says, \"He sold it in 1976.\"]\n\nKEMP: My Aunt Helen died when she was 54 from breast ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=3000.0,3030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/transcript/24091/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"cancer. My Uncle Henry also\ndied when he was 54 from a heart attack. Alfred lived to be 95. Dad lived to be\n89, and Mother was 95 when she died. My grandparents, Mother's parents, lived .\n. . I think my grandfather was 90, and my grandmother was 91, when they ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=3030.0,3060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/transcript/24091/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"died.\n\nBERMAN: Did your grandparents ever go back to Germany to visit?\n\nKEMP: Yes.\n\nBERMAN: Did they have relatives who perished or relatives who survived? Either?\n\nKEMP: There?\n\nBERMAN: Yes.\n\nKEMP: No. Everybody was gone from Germany. My grandfather went back first. He\nwas pretty much of a town character in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=3060.0,3090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/transcript/24091/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Germany, in Emmerich, and was very\npopular and very well known. He went back I think twice and was greeted with all\nsorts of celebrations. My grandmother would never go back. Mother and Dad went\nback. The first time I think they were ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=3090.0,3120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/transcript/24091/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"fairly uncomfortable being there. They\nwent again later. Dad had made contact again with some people that had been\nfriends of his when he was young and that he knew were not involved in being\nNazis. They actually came to visit them here, and he went and visited them\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=3120.0,3150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/transcript/24091/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there. Later on I think it was better. They did go back several times, and I\nwent there once, too.\n\nBERMAN: All in all, do you think that your parents and grandparents had a good\nlife in Anniston?\n\nKEMP: My parents certainly did, yes. They were happy here. They both came over\nwhen they ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=3150.0,3180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/transcript/24091/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were 25 or so. I think they were happy here. My grandparents I think\nit was more difficult for . . . their English wasn't as good. They were in their\nmiddle fifties when they got here, and it was a tough adjustment. They never . .\n. I don't think they ever had the life they would have had if they ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=3180.0,3210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/transcript/24091/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"remained in\ntheir native land. They had family here, but they really didn't participate in\nthe community very much. They came to Temple and that sort of thing, but other\nthan that they didn't . . . I think it was fine for Mother and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=3210.0,3240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/transcript/24091/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Dad.\n\nBERMAN: When you were growing up, and your brother and sister, did they talk\nmuch about what life was like for them back in Germany?\n\nKEMP: My parents?\n\nBERMAN: Your grandparents.\n\nKEMP: Not a whole lot. I didn't speak German. Mother and Dad never wanted us to\nlearn German, so they didn't speak it around the house. When they were with my\ngrandparents, of course, and my other relatives, there was a lot of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=3240.0,3270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/transcript/24091/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"German\nspoken. It was difficult for me to communicate with them, too, because their\nEnglish wasn't good and my German wasn't good. No, I didn't hear a lot of their\nstories. I heard stories from Mother and Dad about what they did there, but not\nso much from them\n\nBERMAN: I think we haven't missed anything. I think we're ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=3270.0,3300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/transcript/24091/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"good. Is there\nanything we have not touched upon that you would like to talk about?\n\nKEMP: I had a great uncle and aunt that were here, Carl and Henny [Henrietta]\nNathan. Carl was my grandfather's brother. He was a tailor. They came here later\non. I think they came here in the late Fifties, if I remember ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=3300.0,3330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/transcript/24091/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"right. They were\nfairly old, to me, back then. I guess Uncle Carl did a little bit of tailoring,\nbut he wasn't very good at it anymore, and they didn't do much. My grandfather\nhad bought all of the houses in a half-block area where he lived, so they lived\nin one of his houses ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=3330.0,3360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/transcript/24091/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and hardly spoke English. They had come here from New York.\nI'm trying to think who else was here. Uncle Lee . . . Lee Freibaum . . . he was\na really fine man. Very, very ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=3360.0,3390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/transcript/24091/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"bright. He married . . . his first wife passed\naway, and he remarried Julia Freibaum. [Don turns to person off camera. \"Do you\nremember Julia's maiden name? No?\"] Anyway, she was from Gadsden.\n\nBERMAN: How about a best friend for ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=3390.0,3420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/transcript/24091/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you? Who were some of your friends?\n\nKEMP: In Anniston?\n\nBERMAN: Yes.\n\nKEMP: I had a lot of friends. Actually, my two best male friends were both\nCatholic. Back then, Catholics were discriminated against here more than the\nJews were.\n\nBERMAN: Do you think that bonded all of you?\n\nKEMP: I suppose. There were not a lot of Catholics in town back ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=3420.0,3450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/transcript/24091/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"then. I had a\nlot of friends in high school and all through school, because I grew up here. I\nstill get together with some of them, and we see each other at reunions and that\nsort of thing.\n\nBERMAN: That's great. I think on that note we'll close it up. Thank you so much\nfor agreeing to do this, and we're very happy to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=3450.0,3480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/transcript/24091/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have some of your memories on\ntape. Thank you.\n\nKEMP: Thank you.\n\n[interview pauses, then resumes]\n\nKEMP: Back . . . I guess I was 12 or 13, we used to close the Temple in the\nsummer because it was so hot and there was no air conditioning. They put a sign\non the door saying, \"Closed for the summer due to the heat.\" As I told you, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=3480.0,3510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/transcript/24091/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we\nlived out in the country then, in the summer. There was dirt road that went to\nwhere the lake was, and on it they built a church. It was the Wellington United\nPrimitive Baptist Church. I'll tell you a couple of stories. The ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=3510.0,3540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/transcript/24091/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"people that\nMother and Dad and the Gordons bought the place from was a man named John Kelly\n[sp]. When he was I think about 90, someone came to Mother and Dad's house and\nknocked on the door and asked if they could baptize Mr. Kelly in the lake.\nMother and Dad thought that they ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=3540.0,3570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/transcript/24091/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were talking about the pond, but they were\nactually talking about the swimming pool. The Altermans were visiting then, too.\nThey said 'yes,' so they came and had a full immersion baptism in the swimming\npool, surrounded by all the Jews from Anniston and Atlanta.\n\nBERMAN: That's ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=3570.0,3600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/transcript/24091/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"great.\n\nKEMP: Anyway, they had that sign on the Temple, and there was a dye house at the\nfactory, which required boilers. One day they had a speaker at the church, a\nloud speaker on the roof, and they aimed it our way. The preacher was saying\nthat it was going to be a lot ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=3600.0,3630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/transcript/24091/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"hotter in Hell when we got there than it was in\nthe boilers at Tape-Craft. That's the story that Sherry [Blanton] wanted me to\ntell you. Also, you asked about the Temple then. This area was not built at that\ntime. I think it was built in the early 1950's. The Sunday school . . . there's\na little ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=3630.0,3660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/transcript/24091/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"area right back there between the social hall and the Temple, maybe\nseven or eight feet wide, and that's where Sunday school was held. There was a\nlady, one of the Sternes . . . Miss Myra [Hannah] Sterne . . . Everybody called\nher 'Miss Myra' . . . who taught Sunday school. In the winter there was a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=3660.0,3690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/transcript/24091/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"little\ngas heater, and we all sat around that and had Sunday school. It was a pretty\nsmall Sunday school at that time. Later, of course when more military families\ncame, we had a larger Sunday school. [We] had a lot more kids in Sunday school.\n\nBERMAN: Is the base still operative?\n\nKEMP: No. It was closed I think in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=3690.0,3720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/transcript/24091/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"2001.\n\nBERMAN: That had to affect the community, as well.\n\nKEMP: It did. Yes. The city annexed all of the area that was formerly Fort\nMcClellan, except for one area where it's used by the Alabama National Guard\nnow. Yes, there were a lot of jobs that were lost due to that. Of course, you\ndon't have all the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=3720.0,3750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/transcript/24091/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"soldiers coming here that used to.\n\nBERMAN: Should I give you one more moment to think, because those were two great\nstories, and I don't want to close this off until you give us a few more.\n\n[Sherry Blanton, who is off camera, speaks]\n\nKEMP: You have to talk louder.\n\nBERMAN: Soldiers came for Passover.\n\n[Sherry speaks from off camera]\n\nKEMP: Maybe you need to tell that story.\n\nBERMAN: All right. She ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=3750.0,3780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/transcript/24091/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"could . . .\n\nKEMP: I don't know. There were a lot of soldiers that were coming to Temple back\nin the early 1950's, and some of them became friends of the family. Mother and\nDad stayed in contact with some of them over the years. Mostly from the New York\narea. There were some kids that were in Sunday school with us ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=3780.0,3810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/transcript/24091/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that were here\nbecause their parents were in the Army.\n\nBERMAN: Did your family members who were in Holland, did they also immigrate.\n\nKEMP: Mostly they stayed there.\n\nBERMAN: Did they survive the . . .?\n\nKEMP: Some of them survived. Some of them were hidden in barns by people that\nthey knew all through the war. They ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=3810.0,3840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/transcript/24091/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"eventually prospered. One of the families\nhas a big plumbing company selling plumbing supplies. They've all done very\nwell. Of course, they went through difficult times back then. My grandfather had\nnine siblings. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=3840.0,3870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/transcript/24091/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Some of them went to South Africa, so there's family there.\nThere's family in Switzerland. [There's] family in Holland [and] in Brazil.\nDad's brother went to Sao Paulo, Brazil [Portuguese: São Paulo], and one of his\nsons, when he was in high school, came and lived with us and went to high school\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=3870.0,3900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/transcript/24091/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"here. Then he went to Cleveland, Ohio, to college and lived with my aunt there.\nHe's still in America. He started working for Shell Oil.\n\nBERMAN: Shell Oil?\n\nKEMP: Yes. He's retired now and lives in Nashville [Tennessee].\n\nBERMAN: Thank you, Don.\n\n[interview pauses, then resumes]\n\nKEMP: When Mother and Dad became ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=3900.0,3930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/transcript/24091/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"naturalized citizens, they went to court. The\njudge told them that 'Kempenich' was hard for Southerners to pronounce and\nsuggested that they should cut off the tail. They did, and we became 'Kemps,'\nwhich was pretty easy to pronounce, but not so Jewish. 'Kempenich' really isn't\nso much a Jewish ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=3930.0,3960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/transcript/24091/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"name either, I don't suppose. It's a town in Germany. Its name\nis Kempenich. I was going to tell them something else. I forgot what . . .\n[Speaking to person off camera: What was the other thing I was going to tell\nthem, Sherry?]\n\nBLANTON: They shortened your Dad's name, too.\n\nKEMP: I was going to tell you about my name. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=3960.0,3990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/transcript/24091/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When Mother and Dad changed their\nname, Fred and I were already born. They didn't realize that they had to change\nour names as well. When I went to college, I had to provide my birth certificate\nand so on, and my name on my birth certificate was 'Kempenich.' At that point,\nthey went through the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=3990.0,4020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/transcript/24091/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"procedure of getting my name changed, as well, but for\nmany years Mother and Dad were 'Kemps', and I was unknowingly a 'Kempenich.'\n\nBERMAN: That's great. I think that's it?\n\nKEMP: Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=4020.0,4050.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/annotation_set/404","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Annotations [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/annotation_set/404/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA possible alternative spelling is ‘Margarete.’  She was commonly called ‘Grete’ or ‘Greta.’\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=60.0,90.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/annotation_set/404/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIn September 1941, Joseph Goebbels, the Nazi Propaganda Minister, issued a law requiring Jews over the age of six to wear a yellow Jewish star, or Magen David, on their outer garments.  The star had the word “Jude [German: Jew]” written in Hebrew-style letters inside of it.  The following year, Jews in lands under German control were also forced to wear the Star.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=180.0,210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/annotation_set/404/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIt was not a star, but a large red ‘J’ for ‘Jude.’\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=210.0,240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/annotation_set/404/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAn abbreviation of Geheime Staatspolizei, which means “Secret State Police.”  It was established in 1934 and placed under Heinrich Himmler.  With virtually unlimited powers, it was highly feared.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=450.0,480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/annotation_set/404/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEllis Island in New York Harbor was the gateway for millions of immigrants to the United States.  It was the nation’s busiest immigrant inspection station from 1892 until 1954.  Today it is a museum.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=570.0,600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/annotation_set/404/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA bowling alley is a recreational facility with multiple lanes for bowling.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=750.0,780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/annotation_set/404/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA historic Reform Jewish synagogue in Anniston, Alabama.  A group of Jewish women raised the money for the construction of the synagogue currently on Quintard Avenue.  Temple Beth-El remains the center for Jewish identity in Anniston although there are only 40 members and services are only held twice a week.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=960.0,990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/annotation_set/404/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOrthodox Judaism is a traditional branch of Judaism that strictly follows the Written Torah and the Oral Law concerning prayer, dress, food, sex, family relations, social behavior, the Sabbath day, holidays and more.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=1020.0,1050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/annotation_set/404/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJewish men cover their heads during prayer with a small skull-cap called a ‘yarmulke’ or ‘kippah.’  Orthodox Jewish men wear it at all times to remind themselves of God’s presence.  \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=1020.0,1050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/annotation_set/404/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA division within Judaism especially in North America and the United Kingdom.  Historically it began in the nineteenth century.   In general, the Reform movement maintains that Judaism and Jewish traditions should be modernized and compatible with participation in Western culture.   While the Torah remains the law, in Reform Judaism women are included (mixed seating, bat mitzvah and women rabbis), music is allowed in the services and most of the service is in English.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=1020.0,1050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/annotation_set/404/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHebrew Union College-Jewish Institute of Religion (HUC-JIR) is the oldest Jewish seminary in the Americas and the main training seminary for rabbis, cantors, educators and communal works in Reform Judaism.  It has campuses in Cincinnati, New York, Los Angeles and Jerusalem.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=1080.0,1110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/annotation_set/404/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRabbi Paul Irving Bloom was interviewed for the Oral History Project on August 17, 2010, OHC 10082.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=1080.0,1110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/annotation_set/404/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRabbi David Baylinson was interviewed for the Oral History Project on June 29, 2010, OHC 10052.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=1080.0,1110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/annotation_set/404/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAn organized youth movement of Reform Judaism.  Funded and supported by the Union for Reform Judaism, NFTY exists to supplement and support Reform youth groups at the synagogue level.  About 750 local youth groups are affiliated, with over 8,500 youth members (2015).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=1140.0,1170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/annotation_set/404/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eB'nai B'rith International (from Hebrew: “Children of the Covenant\") is the oldest Jewish service organization in the world. B'nai B'rith states that it is committed to the security and continuity of the Jewish people and the State of Israel and combating antisemitism and bigotry. Its mission is to unite persons of the Jewish faith and to enhance Jewish identity through strengthening Jewish family life, to provide broad-based services for the benefit of senior citizens, and to facilitate advocacy and action on behalf of Jews throughout the world.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=1230.0,1260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/annotation_set/404/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA group of women in a synagogue congregation who join together to offer social, cultural, educational, and volunteer service opportunities.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=1230.0,1260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/annotation_set/404/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHi-Y clubs are affiliated with the Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA).  Designed to promote Christian character through fostering speech, sportsmanship and scholastic achievement, the Chapman, Kansas YMCA developed the Hi-Y club for high school boys in 1889.  The service clubs ultimately became the “four fronts” program—Hi-Y, Jr. Hi-Y, Tri Hi-Y, and Gra-Y—and served youth of all ages throughout the country.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=1290.0,1320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/annotation_set/404/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eYoung Men’s Christian Association, commonly known as the ‘YMCA’ or the ‘Y.’ Worldwide organization founded in 1844 that aims to put Christian principles into practice by developing a health body, mind and spirit.  They offer recreational facilities, parent/child education programs, youth and teen development with after school programming, etc.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=1290.0,1320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/annotation_set/404/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHebrew for ‘son of commandment.’  A rite of passage for Jewish boys aged 13 years and one day.  At that time, a Jewish boy is considered a responsible adult for most religious purposes.  He is now duty bound to keep the commandments, he puts on tefillin, and may be counted to the minyan quorum for public worship.  He celebrates the bar mitzvah by being called up to the reading of the Torah in the synagogue, usually on the next available Sabbath after his Hebrew birthday.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=1350.0,1380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/annotation_set/404/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e Blue Star Camps is a Jewish summer camp located in the Blue Ridge Mountains of western North Carolina.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=1410.0,1440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/annotation_set/404/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThis committee was formed in 1971 of a broad base of black and white leaders in Anniston.  In the spring of 1971 there was an incident in which a grocery store owned by whites in a black neighborhood hood was burned.   A crises seemed to be brewing and the committee was formed to find ways to defuse it, which they did without further escalation.  (Ocala Star-Banner, August 14, 1977 at https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1356\u0026amp;dat=19770814\u0026amp;id=A5dPAAAAIBAJ\u0026amp;sjid=7QUEAAAAIBAJ\u0026amp;pg=1696,2893941\u0026amp;hl=en. )\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=1740.0,1770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/annotation_set/404/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Selma to Montgomery marches were three marches in 1965 that marked the political and emotional peak of the American Civil Rights Movement.  Selma and Montgomery were the focus of black voter registration drives which were resisted on every front.  The marches were to support voting rights for blacks. The first was on March 7, 1965 and came to be known as “Bloody Sunday” when 600 civil rights marchers were attacked by state and local police with billy clubs and tear gas.  Several marchers, both black and white, were beaten or murdered over the course of the marches. The second march was on Mach 9, 1965.  Martin Luther King Jr. led 2,500 protestors who were turned back after crossing the Edmund Pettus Bridge.  The third march started on March 16.  The marchers marched along U.S. Route 80 protected by 2,000 soldiers of the U.S. Army, 1,900 members of the Alabama National Guard under Federal command, FBI agents and Federal Marshals.  They arrived in Montgomery on March 24.  The marchers in the third march were fed by women volunteers who cooked the food in the kitchen of the Green Street Baptist Church after which it was delivered to the gathering point for the march by truck.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=1770.0,1800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/annotation_set/404/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIn 1963 as Birmingham struggled in the throes of the Civil Rights era, Martin Luther King Jr. made pleas to the Birmingham clergy, including rabbis, to support his marches.  When the Jewish rabbis counseled patience and moderation and asked him to wait for desegregation laws to take effect, King called them out on their perceived passivity in a “Letter from a Birmingham Jail.”  The letter gained national attention and a few weeks later a group of 19 Conservative rabbis from the North, outraged by the images they saw on the TV of black protestors being beaten, arrived in Birmingham.  They didn’t tell anyone in the Jewish community they were coming, which angered the rabbis and many Jews in Birmingham.  After talking with King in the Birmingham jail, they toured black churches making speeches of support.  Then they left.  The whole episode appeared high-handed to the Birmingham Jewish community and they feared an antisemitic backlash from the Ku Klux Klan\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=1800.0,1830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/annotation_set/404/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFreedom Riders were civil rights activists who rode interstate buses into the segregated southern United States starting in 1961 to challenge the non-enforcement of the United States Supreme Court decisions Irene Morgan v Commonwealth of Virginia (1946) and Boynton v Virginia (1960), which ruled that segregated public buses were unconstitutional.  The Southern states ignored the rulings and the Freedom Riders were often greeted with open hostility and violence.  On May 14, 1961 in Anniston, Alabama a mob attacked the first of two buses, slashing its tires and trying to block its exit from the station.  The crippled bus finally stopped several miles outside of town and the mob firebombed it.  As the bus burned, the mob held the doors shut, intending to burn the riders to death, although they did manage to escape.  The second bus was also attacked.  It was boarded by eight Klansmen, who beat the Freedom Riders and left them semi-conscious on the bus.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=1800.0,1830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/annotation_set/404/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Ku Klux Klan (or Knights of the Ku Klux Klan today) is a white supremacist, white nationalist, anti-immigration, anti-Jewish, anti-Catholic, anti-black secret society, whose methods included terrorism and murder.  It was founded in the South in the 1860’s and the died out and come back several times, most notably in the 1920’s when membership soared again, and then again in the 1960’s during the civil rights era.  When the Klan was re-founded in 1915 in Georgia, the event was marked by a cross burning on Stone Mountain.  It is still in existence.  In the past it members dressed up in white robes and a pointed hat designed to hide their identity and to terrify.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=1830.0,1860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/annotation_set/404/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks is a service organization that consists of Elks Lodges in communities throughout the United States.  Elks invest in their communities through programs that help children grow up healthy and drug-free, by undertaking projects that address unmet need, and by honoring the service and sacrifice of military veterans.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=1890.0,1920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/annotation_set/404/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLions Clubs are worldwide with over 46,000 individual clubs and 1.35 million members.  They are a service organization that gets involved in community works.  One of the major things they are involved in is helping providing children get eyeglasses.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=1890.0,1920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/annotation_set/404/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eKiwanis International is an international, coeducational service club founded in 1915.  It is a volunteer-led organization dedicated to building better communities, children and youth.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=1890.0,1920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/annotation_set/404/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe American Civil War, widely known in the U. S. as simply the Civil War or the War Between the States was fought from 1861 to 1865 to determine the survival of the Union or independence for the Confederacy. In January 1861, seven Southern slave states declared their secession from the U. S. and formed the Confederate States of America. The Confederacy, often called the South, grew to include eleven states, and although they claimed thirteen states and additional western territories, the Confederacy was never diplomatically recognized by a foreign country. The states that did not declare secession were known as the Union or the North. The war had its origin in the issue of slavery.  After four years of bloody combat, which left over 600,000 Union and Confederate soldiers dead and destroyed much of the South's infrastructure, the Confederacy collapsed, slavery was abolished, and the difficult Reconstruction process of restoring national unity and granting civil rights to freed slaves began.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=2520.0,2550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/annotation_set/404/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA person who fought for the South during the American Civil War.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=2550.0,2580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/annotation_set/404/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCross burning or cross lighting is a practice widely associated with the Ku Klux Klan.  The first recorded instance was on November 25, 1915 on top of Stone Mountain near Atlanta, Georgia. The Klan burned crosses on hillsides or near the homes of those they wished to intimidate.  It still occurs today (2015) although it is rarer.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=2580.0,2610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/annotation_set/404/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCongregation Beth Israel in Gadsden was firebombed on March 25, 1960.  Its windows were smashed during a Friday service.  Two members who rushed outside were wounded with a shotgun by the attacker, Jerry Hunt, a 16 year old Nazi sympathizer. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=2610.0,2640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/annotation_set/404/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIn German ‘Opa’ means ‘grandpa’ and ‘Oma’ means ‘grandma.’\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=2790.0,2820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/annotation_set/404/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThis is Sophie Nathan Nathan.  She is a Holocaust survivor from Emmerich, Germany.  The Breman Museum has two oral histories for Sophie, OHC 10510 and OHC 10511.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=2820.0,2850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/annotation_set/404/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Catskill Mountains, often referred to as the Catskills, are a large area in the southeastern portion of the U.S. state of New York.  The Catskills and its many large resorts are well known in American culture as a vacation destination in the mid-twentieth century.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=2880.0,2910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/annotation_set/404/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe National Socialist German Workers’ Party (NSDAP), commonly known as the Nazi Party, was a political party in Germany active between 1920 and 1945.  The party’s leader was Adolf Hitler. Initially, Nazi political strategy focused on anti-big business, anti-bourgeois and anti-capitalist rhetoric.  In the 1930’s the party's focus shifted to antisemitic and anti-Marxist themes.  Racism was also central to Nazism.  The Nazis aimed to unite all Germans as national comrades, whilst excluding those deemed either to be community aliens or of a foreign race.  The Nazis sought to improve the stock of the Germanic people through racial purity and eugenics, broad social welfare programs, and a disregard for the value of individual life, which could be sacrificed for the good of the Nazi state and the ‘Aryan master race.’  The persecution reached its climax when the party-controlled German state organized the systematic murder of approximately 6,000,000 Jews and 5,000,000 people from the other targeted groups. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=3120.0,3150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/annotation_set/404/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSherry Blanton’s oral history is available at the Cuba Archives of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum, OHC 10078.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=3630.0,3660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/annotation_set/404/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFort McClellan was originally a temporary camp set up in 1917 for World War I artillery training. After World War I, then-named Camp McClellan was placed on “caretaker status” to be used for special training. Congress approved funds for permanent facilities in 1926, and it officially became Fort McClellan in 1929. It was closed in 1999.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=3720.0,3750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/annotation_set/404/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHebrew: Pesach.  The anniversary of Israel’s liberation from Egyptian bondage.  The holiday lasts for eight days.  Unleavened bread, matzot, is eaten in memory of the unleavened bread prepared by the Israelite during their hasty flight from Egypt, when they had not time to wait for the dough to rise.  On the first two nights of Passover, the seder, the central event of the holiday is celebrated.  The seder service is one of the most colorful and joyous occasions in Jewish life.  In addition to eating matzot during the seder, Jews are prohibited from eating leavened bread during the entire week of Passover. In addition, Jews are also supposed to avoid foods made with wheat, barley, rye, spelt or oats unless those foods are labeled ‘kosher for Passover.’ Jews traditionally have separate dishes for Passover.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=3750.0,3780.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/index/47759","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Kemp, Don [Index]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/index/47759/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Family history","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=29.0,925.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/index/47759/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'd like to begin by asking you to tell us a little bit about your own background, where you were born, where\nyour parents were born, and your parents' names.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=29.0,925.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/index/47759/annotation/177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"family","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"family history","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"genealogy","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Germany","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"immigration","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=29.0,925.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/index/47759/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Childhood","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=925.0,1513.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/index/47759/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What year were you born?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=925.0,1513.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/index/47759/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"childhood","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"dating","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"school","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"synagogue","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=925.0,1513.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/index/47759/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Race relations","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=1513.0,2439.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/index/47759/annotation/182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Let's talk a little bit about the changes that were happening in the South during the 1950's and early 1960's. Did your parents ever discuss with you the situation between the races here in the South? Was that a conversation you had in your home?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=1513.0,2439.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/index/47759/annotation/183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Civil Rights","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"integration","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"segregation","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=1513.0,2439.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/index/47759/annotation/184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Family","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=2439.0,3481.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/index/47759/annotation/185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"How did you end up meeting your wife?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=2439.0,3481.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/index/47759/annotation/186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"extended family","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Germany","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"wife","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=2439.0,3481.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/index/47759/annotation/187","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Additional stories","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=3481.0,4040.181"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/index/47759/annotation/188","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Back . . . I guess I was 12 or 13, we used to close the Temple in the summer because it was so hot and there was no air conditioning.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=3481.0,4040.181"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543/index/47759/annotation/189","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"name change","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"synagogue","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39199/file/110543#t=3481.0,4040.181"}]}]}]}