{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/f76639kn31/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Dziewinski, Maria Geitler"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["2001-05-04 (creation)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Language"]},"value":{"en":["English (primary)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source"]},"value":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum","Esther and Herbert Taylor Oral History Collection"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eMaria Dziewinski interviewed by John Kent and Ruth Einstein on May 4, 2001 in Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e (general)","\u003cp\u003eMaria Geitler was one of three children born to a Jewish family in Krakow, Poland in 1925. As a youth, she enjoyed a comfortable life and socialized in Zionist organizations. After World War II began, Maria was sent to Wielicza, Poland to clean up what was left after the Jewish population in the town had been deported. When Maria returned to the Krakow ghetto, her parents and brother had disappeared. Maria was later sent to the Plaszow concentration camp, where she repaired German army uniforms in a workshop. As the Russian army advanced into Poland in the fall of 1944, Maria and her sister were sent to Auschwitz-Birkenau. In November 1944, they were sent with 300 women to the Lichtenwerden labor camp (in present day Czech Republic). Maria spent the rest of the war in Lichtenwerden, working alongside locals in a truck factory. After the Russian army liberated Maria and her sister in May 1945, they returned to Krakow. In Krakow, Maria was reunited with Herman Dziewinski (1916-1997), whom she had met in Plaszow. The couple soon married. Maria, Herman, and his two surviving brothers and their wives soon decided to flee anti-Jewish violence in Soviet-occupied Poland. They crossed Czechoslovakia into American-occupied Germany. They settled in Wurrmansquick near the Eggenfelden Displaced Persons camp. Herman and Maria soon welcomed their first child, Erna. In 1949, Herman, Maria and their daughter immigrated to the United States. With the assistance of Jewish organizations, lodging was found for the family in Atlanta, Georgia. In Atlanta, Herman soon went to work at a grocery store. Within two years, he and Maria had saved enough to purchase their own grocery store. Two more daughters were born in Atlanta and the young family soon bought a house. Maria continued to work alongside Herman in the grocery store. Within a few years, Herman’s brothers and their families had also joined them. Herman passed away in 1997, and Maria passed away at the age of 91 in 2016.\u003c/p\u003e (bioghist)","\u003cp\u003eMaria describes the comfortable life she enjoyed as a child in Krakow. She gives an overview of her experiences as a forced laborer in Wielicza, the Krakow ghetto, and Lichtenwerden. Maria chronicles what life in the Plaszow concentration camp was like. She talks about how the locals did not know what was happening to Jews in the Lichtenwerden labor camp. Maia tells about her liberation and return to Krakow. She explains how she and her sister marred after the war. Maria recounts the difficulties she and her husband faced when they crossed into American-occupied Germany and the reception of locals in Wurrmansquick. She reflects on her perspective of Palestine as a young adult and on what being Jewish means to her as an adult. Maria explains how she and her husband and daughter left Germany for the United States and ended up in Atlanta, Georgia. She shares how difficult it was to adjust to their new life in America. She describes the segregation she encountered in the South as well as how thankful she was for what she had. Maria talks about working and raising her children. She recalls the relationships she formed with other survivors and immigrants as well as how Americans responded to her. Maria discusses why she decided to begin sharing her story. She credits a sense of humor and street smarts with her ability to survive throughout life. Maria recalls her reaction to the violence she witnessed in Plaszow. She considers the role her own compliance has played in her survival. Maria explains the role of Judaism in her life in America. She recounts how stories of survival were shared at home and among her social group. She talks about the differences she has observed between Israeli and American Jews. Maria talks about her hopes for the future, what she hopes can be learned from her story and why she feels it is important for Israelis and Jewish people to stand up for themselves.\u003c/p\u003e (scope content)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source Metadata URI"]},"value":{"en":["https://archivesspace.thebreman.org/repositories/2/archival_objects/28335"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject"]},"value":{"en":["Holocaust (named event)","Poland (geographic term)","World War Two (topical term)","Grocery Store Business (topical term)","Survivors (topical term)"]}}],"summary":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eMaria Dziewinski interviewed by John Kent and Ruth Einstein on May 4, 2001 in Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaria Geitler was one of three children born to a Jewish family in Krakow, Poland in 1925. As a youth, she enjoyed a comfortable life and socialized in Zionist organizations. After World War II began, Maria was sent to Wielicza, Poland to clean up what was left after the Jewish population in the town had been deported. When Maria returned to the Krakow ghetto, her parents and brother had disappeared. Maria was later sent to the Plaszow concentration camp, where she repaired German army uniforms in a workshop. As the Russian army advanced into Poland in the fall of 1944, Maria and her sister were sent to Auschwitz-Birkenau. In November 1944, they were sent with 300 women to the Lichtenwerden labor camp (in present day Czech Republic). Maria spent the rest of the war in Lichtenwerden, working alongside locals in a truck factory. After the Russian army liberated Maria and her sister in May 1945, they returned to Krakow. In Krakow, Maria was reunited with Herman Dziewinski (1916-1997), whom she had met in Plaszow. The couple soon married. Maria, Herman, and his two surviving brothers and their wives soon decided to flee anti-Jewish violence in Soviet-occupied Poland. They crossed Czechoslovakia into American-occupied Germany. They settled in Wurrmansquick near the Eggenfelden Displaced Persons camp. Herman and Maria soon welcomed their first child, Erna. In 1949, Herman, Maria and their daughter immigrated to the United States. With the assistance of Jewish organizations, lodging was found for the family in Atlanta, Georgia. In Atlanta, Herman soon went to work at a grocery store. Within two years, he and Maria had saved enough to purchase their own grocery store. Two more daughters were born in Atlanta and the young family soon bought a house. Maria continued to work alongside Herman in the grocery store. Within a few years, Herman’s brothers and their families had also joined them. Herman passed away in 1997, and Maria passed away at the age of 91 in 2016.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaria describes the comfortable life she enjoyed as a child in Krakow. She gives an overview of her experiences as a forced laborer in Wielicza, the Krakow ghetto, and Lichtenwerden. Maria chronicles what life in the Plaszow concentration camp was like. She talks about how the locals did not know what was happening to Jews in the Lichtenwerden labor camp. Maia tells about her liberation and return to Krakow. She explains how she and her sister marred after the war. Maria recounts the difficulties she and her husband faced when they crossed into American-occupied Germany and the reception of locals in Wurrmansquick. She reflects on her perspective of Palestine as a young adult and on what being Jewish means to her as an adult. Maria explains how she and her husband and daughter left Germany for the United States and ended up in Atlanta, Georgia. She shares how difficult it was to adjust to their new life in America. She describes the segregation she encountered in the South as well as how thankful she was for what she had. Maria talks about working and raising her children. She recalls the relationships she formed with other survivors and immigrants as well as how Americans responded to her. Maria discusses why she decided to begin sharing her story. She credits a sense of humor and street smarts with her ability to survive throughout life. Maria recalls her reaction to the violence she witnessed in Plaszow. She considers the role her own compliance has played in her survival. Maria explains the role of Judaism in her life in America. She recounts how stories of survival were shared at home and among her social group. She talks about the differences she has observed between Israeli and American Jews. Maria talks about her hopes for the future, what she hopes can be learned from her story and why she feels it is important for Israelis and Jewish people to stand up for themselves.\u003c/p\u003e"]},"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/097/751/small/Maria_Dziewinski.png?1619296030","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - Dziewinski_Maria.mp4"]},"duration":5639.285,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/097/751/small/Maria_Dziewinski.png?1619296030","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-thebreman.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/097/751/original/Dziewinski_Maria.mp4?1600871339","type":"Video","format":"video/mp4","duration":5639.285,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Maria Dziewinski [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"John: It is 2001 in Atlanta Georgia. What is your name and what was your name\nat birth also?\n\nMaria: My name is Maria Dziewinski and before was Mania Geitler.\n\nJohn: When and where were you born?\n\nMaria: I was born in Krakow, Poland [on] January 16, 1925.\n\nJohn: Even though you have done a Shoah interview before, can you give a general\noverview of your life before the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"war and during the war period, an idea of where\nyou were?\n\nMaria: Before the war, of course, I was living in Poland. I was going to school.\nWe have a fairly nice place to live. We have apartment that was not the highest,\nbut it was maybe six, seven floors. We had a maid. We had a bathroom in the\nhouse--which not ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"everybody had.\n\nWhen the war started, I went to ghetto [in] Krakow. Then they sent me to\nWielicza, which is a small salt mine town, and we would clean after the Jewish\npeople. We were taking all the belongings and the Germans were sending this to\nGermany. That's what we were told. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=60.0,90.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Then I went to Krakow-Plaszow and I was\nthere. From there, I went to Birkenau, which I thought always was Auschwitz. I\nlearned afterward that there was Birkenau and Auschwitz.\n\nThen I went to Sudetenland, Lichtewerden and I worked [as a] spinner. We were\nmaking thread. Because I said already [in the Shoah interview], I'm not going to\nrepeat all ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=90.0,120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"details now, except if you want me to, but then I was freed by\nRussian army.\n\nJohn: Maybe if you could go over a bit more of the war leading up to liberation.\n\nMaria: In Krakow-Plaszow, I was working in Schniederei [German: dressmaking or\ntailoring shop]. We were fixing the uniform, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=120.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what the soldiers from the war, for\nthe German soldiers. We were redoing those uniforms. The life was terribly bad.\nFood was not available. I got a portion of bread and some soup maybe sometimes.\n\nThere were . . . It so happened in our camp there was . . . they called Hujowa\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=150.0,180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Górka. That is this word . . . Hujowa Górka is actually the . . . I don't\nknow, but you know when you're young you're putting all things to it . . .\nHujowa, this is what man has the part. That's the name of it and because it's\ngórka [Polish: small hill] because it was little hill. That's what we were\ncalling. Then they were burying all of our ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=180.0,210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"friends. From time to time, when they\nwere going like and killing, that's where they were buried.\n\nOne time we were working in Steinbau [German: stone construction] bunker and we\nwere maybe fifty girls or more, and suddenly . . . When the German didn't look,\nwe didn't work so hard, but when the German were coming we start to hammer. They\nwere coming, and we were working, and one time I heard the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=210.0,240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"shots. He shot and I\nthought that I got shot too, and I got dead too, but when he left--the\nGerman--there were few of us who were still alive. The rest were all dead. Right\naway they buried them there too. We have to do this too. That was in Plaszow.\n\nIn Birkenau, I wasn't there too long. I was just there maybe two, three ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=240.0,270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"months.\nI didn't do anything. Then they called appell [German: roll call] and they\nlooked our hands. By the hands they picked up three hundred girls and they sent\nus to Lichtewerden, Sudetenland. We were working in a truck factory. That was\ntoo because you have to . . . the wheels were running and you have to put your\nfinger on there. Many got ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=270.0,300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"chopped off the fingers. Me and my sister, we were\nvery lucky. When we came there, it was close to the end of the war. The Germans\nwho [were] left--which was just old German men, and young people, and\nwomen--they were told not to talk to us because we are killers and that's why we\nare there. But by the time we start to work in the factory and they start to get\nto know us, one asked me, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=300.0,330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"Who did you kill?\" I say, \"Kill? I didn't kill\nnobody.\" He says, \"Why are you here?'' I say, \"Because I'm Jewish.\" They--some\nof them--didn't know.\n\nJohn: What was your sister's name?\n\nMaria: My sister's name was Sarah. She was here in the United States too. She\npassed away.\n\nJohn: Tell a little more of getting closer to the end of the war. What period\nwere you in that last camp?\n\nMaria: That was in Lichtewerden, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=330.0,360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Sudetenland . . . 1944, close to 1945. We were\nfreed May 1945. I was [there] in 1944 because Christmas we were singing a song\nwhat we made up [about] that's in Berlin, they're going to . . . a whole story,\nwhich I wouldn't remember even, but it [was] 1944 we were in Sudetenland. This\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=360.0,390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"camp was really a camp . . . We went there after the soldiers, so it was half\ndecent because at least you have a place where to wash. As I say, we were all\nliving, we were working in the factory. They were sadistic. What they give us\nsome food, there was no flavor. Today, [people think] you shouldn't have salt,\nbut this time we wanted salt. [There was] no salt, no pepper, just like this,\nbut we were ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=390.0,420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"glad to have it. There were three hundred girls. Then we were all freed.\n\nOne day, one morning the end was, they put us on the appell place. Because we\nwere half . . . zone number this, the number that, but this particular day--I\nwill never forget--we were lined up and the German said to us, \"Frauen, Sie sind\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=420.0,450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"frei.\" [German] That's, \"Women, you are free. You can go where you want now.\" We\nwere afraid to leave. The bullets were going over our head. We came to the gate\nand we went back. We went to the gate, we tried to open the gate slowly, but it\ntook time, took a few days. We left--all of us left--and we went to Poland back.\n\nJohn: What condition were you in at the end of the war?\n\nMaria: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=450.0,480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I was not in a very bad condition, I was not that skinny like muselmann,\nlike other people. I was not. But I never was skinny, so . . .\n\nJohn: What about inside, mentally, emotionally?\n\nMaria: Mentally, of course, was terrible. We knew we coming . . . Of course,\nwhen I went already to the camp, my parents were ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=480.0,510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"taken out when I was in\nWielicza [like] I mentioned. When I got back home, my parents and my little\nbrother, they took away. Of course, till today, I never know what camp, or\nwhere, and where did they get killed. Till today I don't know though. I was with\nmy sister, on our own. When we came to Poland, there was nothing. There was no\nplace to go, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=510.0,540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but some boys were waiting at the station when the people was\ncoming back and they gave us a place. We were like eight girls . . . Matter of\nfact, we had one room and half [the] night, four of them slept on the bed not\n[with heads at the headboard and feet at the footboard], but [laying\nperpendicular, side to side]. Then we changed. They went on the floor and we\nwent on the bed.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=540.0,570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Personally, for me it was a little different because my husband was already\nfree. He was freed in January and he was there. When I walked in the morning on\nthe street, someone came to me . . . We were not married; he was not my husband\nthen, but I met him in Plaszow. He was working in the kitchen and he used to\ngive me a little bit soup. When I find out that he's alive, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=570.0,600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I went to find him.\nRight away I got married because, years ago was not like today. A girl needs to\n. . . You cannot . . . You have to be married, so I need to get married because\nI need to be at home, to have someone. My sister met her husband too in Poland\nand they got married too. From there I married a guy. He has two brothers ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=600.0,630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and\nthey were too in Poland. When they went to Germany, we all went together. We\nleft Poland together.\n\nJohn: When you went back to your home, what was there? What did you find?\n\nMaria: I didn't find . . . I found the house was occupied. The apartment was\noccupied by some Gentile [non-Jewish] people. When I knocked on the door, it so\nhappened she invited me in. I heard some people had bad experiences, but just so\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=630.0,660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"happened she invited me in. I looked there and I didn't see the furniture what\nmy parents had. Those furniture were taken by someone else probably, so there\nwas nothing much familiar there except the walls, and I didn't really want to go\nthere anymore. I really didn't want to go, so I never . . . Just one time I went there.\n\nSo happened last year--that was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=660.0,690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"September 2000--I went to Poland. The house\nstill is there, but it's not occupied. The Jewish neighborhood is completely\nhoodlums and thieves. Those people are living there in this part neighborhood.\nOf course, one part of the ghetto they made synagogue and there's a Jewish\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=690.0,720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"restaurant. My brother-in-law told me to look up someone because he's from my\ncity, too. I went to look for him and they were afraid to give me his number.\nThey still . . . I don't know why they there, because they so afraid. I think\nbefore the daylight goes, they go home. But . . .\n\nJohn: How did the other local people respond when they saw you coming back?\n\nMaria: I didn't know no one ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=720.0,750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to . . . I was living in Jewish neighborhood. The\nonly Christian people I knew was the caretaker of the apartments, Strush. That's\nthe only one I knew and he wasn't there. I never had any connection with the\nGentile world there. I didn't have no one to look up and say, \"Oh, I'm back.\" I\ndidn't ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=750.0,780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have . . . In the city was not like it [was] when you live in a small\ntown, [where] your neighbors were not Jewish, and so....\n\nJohn: What did you do to find out about your parents and brother?\n\nMaria: We talk, we ask--me and my sister--who else lost a parent then, but we\ndidn't know. Nobody knew what to say. Some of them said that, \"They went to this\ncamp,\" and some of them say that, \"They went to this camp,\" and till today I\nnever know ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=780.0,810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where they went, never.\n\nJohn: How did you and your sister decide what to do from there?\n\nMaria: We just right away . . . Like I say, we got married right away [within]\nmaybe two, three weeks. Matter of fact, the man who performed my ceremony, he\ngave me . . . He hold up a piece of paper and he was writing this in Hebrew\neverything. I didn't know that to legally marry I need to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=810.0,840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"go like to courthouse.\nI didn't know. When I came here years later, I went to . . . I was doing some\nbusiness and the lawyer tells me, \"You know, if I wouldn't know you, I wouldn't\nsay nothing, but I know you, and I want you to know that this--the date what is\nregistered in the courthouse here . . . \" Because we got . . . I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=840.0,870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"had to get\nmarried again to come to America--not Jewish way. He say, \"and your daughter is\nlike born before marriage.\" I brought--and I have the document here if you want\nto see--this piece of paper [to] Rabbi [Harry] Epstein and he translated this\nfor me. My lawyer corrected for me. Dave Gershon was the lawyer. He corrected.\n\nJohn: Tell us a little more about your ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=870.0,900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"husband, what kind of a person he was,\nand a little bit about the early days of your marriage.\n\nMaria: Early days of the marriage was wonderful. Being young is wonderful but we\nhad to hustle. We didn't have nothing. We have to survive. We have to see what\nto do. My husband and his brothers, they start to deal right away, deal and\nwheel. They were doing, they were handling with ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=900.0,930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"horses and they were selling the\nhorses, I remember, to friends. No, that was already in Germany, not in Krakow.\nIn Poland, they didn't do nothing. We just left. But late [when] he was in\nGermany, he and his brother were in business.\n\nJohn: Where in Germany?\n\nMaria: In Wurrmansquick, a small village next to Eggenfelden was a [Displaced\nPersons] camp [about one] hundred kilometers from ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=930.0,960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Munich [Germany]. We were the\ntwo families--Dziewinski and Ackerman. There were two, three, or four brothers\nand we . . .\n\nJohn: How did you end up in that particular place?\n\nMaria: I [have asked] everybody. I ask my sister-in-law and she doesn't remember\neither. You see, my husband was the youngest and we going where they went. We\nwent with them. But we were not so lucky. They left for ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=960.0,990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Germany, and they\ncrossed the border, and was fine. Me and my husband, we got caught. We got\nstopped on the border by the Czech people. There was lots of Germans and they\nwere still saying, \"The Jews, they having money. The Jews, they having this.\"\nThey frisk us all over, which I didn't know that a man couldn't to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=990.0,1020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"do this. He\ndidn't have no right--the American soldier to do this. We learned years later.\nBut anyway, that's what it was.\n\nThis is interesting story. We went back to center, to Prague, to Praha. We're\nwalking in Prague and we cannot get any food because they have those stamps\n[ration cards]. You have to have those coupons. You would call here 'stamp.' We\nwalk on the street--me and my husband--and we say, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=1020.0,1050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"Ambo?\" That is what we used\nto say. [It means,] \"I'm Jewish.\" If you didn't want to say 'Jewish,' you say\n'Ambo.' I don't know where this word comes from, but that's how it was. This\ncouple answer, \"Ambo.\" They were from Czechoslovakia. They took us in and they\ngave us to eat. They were Jewish. They later went with us to Germany and later\nthey went to Canada--they still alive--to Montreal, and we ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=1050.0,1080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"went to America. But\nthat was one of . . .\n\nJohn: How did it feel being in Germany?\n\nMaria: Being in Germany after the war . . . I tell you, it was mixed feelings.\nThere I was happy that I was alive because then I was pregnant right away, and\nmy husband, and we were ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=1080.0,1110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"close with his family. My sister left in Poland with her\nhusband. She stays still in Poland. They were . . . I was just with his family.\nWe always just talk about it, what was in camp. We were telling stories what\nhappened, and all kinds of things for survival, what we did, in camp. In Poland\nwas bad and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=1110.0,1140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Germany was to . . . like to take you over to Israel, or to America,\nor to Canada, or to Argentina. From [Germany], you went. That was just for a\nlittle while. We know we're not going to stay there. We applied right away to go farther.\n\nJohn: How did the local Germans respond to you once they found out who you were?\n\nMaria: The local Germans in this village, they were very friendly and very nice.\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=1140.0,1170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What they say behind our back, I don't know, but to our [faces] they tried to be\n. . . They didn't try to be friends, to go out, but they tried to be decent.\nAfter all, they . . . I don't know who took their homes for us. Someone from the\ngovernment gave [accommodations to us]. Like me, I had to room with a German\nfamily and so did ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=1170.0,1200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"my two sisters-in-laws. Then later we had a little apartment,\neach of us.\n\nJohn: During any of this time, did the Jews get any help from any of the\ngovernment powers, or Jewish organizations, or the United Nations, or anything\nlike that?\n\nMaria: No. My husband and [his] brother right away start to deal. How did they\nstart it, I really don't know ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=1200.0,1230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because they didn't have any money then. I don't\nknow, but somehow they managed . . . Maybe the farmers trusted them. I don't\nknow what [or] how they did it, but they were doing this. Soon as they start to\ndo business, slowly we were doing fine.\n\nJohn: Where would you have preferred to move after Germany? Did you have a preference?\n\nMaria: I was . . . My preference was to America right away. If I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=1230.0,1260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"had to move\nsomewhere, it was America, yes.\n\nJohn: Did you have relatives or connections?\n\nMaria: I don't have no connections in America. I didn't have nobody in the\nUnited States. My mother always say when I grow up and get married I will go for\nhoneymoon to see the skyscrapers, but that's what I know about America. I know\nabout America. I learned in school, but, I mean, it was not that I was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=1260.0,1290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"planning\nto come to live here in America. No, not before the war, no.\n\nJohn: What was your opinion about Palestine and Zionism, that part of your\nJewish [background]? Did you have any desires for that?\n\nMaria: I didn't know much about them. I belonged at home ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=1290.0,1320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to like Girl Scouts\n[here], but [in Poland it] was Akiva. That was the name of the Jewish\norganization. All we were doing was singing songs and that's all I remember, but\nnothing about . . . Oh, I heard that in Israel was kibbutz, girls with boys\ntogether. That's what I heard. But I never thought about going there, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=1320.0,1350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"no.\n\nJohn: How were you different at the end of the war in terms of your outlook? How\ndid it affect you?\n\nMaria: I was . . . As I say, when the war start I was close to fourteen years\nold, close . . . maybe thirteen or something. I was born in 1925. [In] 1939 the\nwar start. I don't know. How old was I? Thirteen or something? I was well\nprotected by my parents. I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=1350.0,1380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"didn't . . . I don't know. I just didn't have any\nspecial . . .\n\nJohn: At the end of the war and afterwards, how were you? What was your outlook?\nWhat was your expectation about the future?\n\nMaria: About Jewish, personally I didn't want to be Jewish. Personally, I\nthought, \"I'm not going to marry a Jew.\" When I marry a Jew--because that's\nwhere I found my husband, which ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=1380.0,1410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I seen, met him in camp--I say, \"My children\nwill not have any religion. Let them pick up their own religion. I don't want to\nput this on them.\" Of course, when we came to the United States, I joined a\nsynagogue right away. The organization sent me to synagogue, and later . . . But\nwhatever I said, I did just the opposite. I say, \"I don't want to marry a Jew. I\ndon't want my children marry a Jew. It's time that we start . . . \" My friends\nargued with me, \"You know, the third ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=1410.0,1440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"generations they took.\" I say, \"Yes, but\nthe generation has to start somewhere.\" So will be mine [that] will be first.\nMine . . . like now, I have a great-grandchild that will be the third generation.\n\nJohn: What was your reason for wanting to turn away from Jewish life?\n\nMaria: Because through the [war] what I went through because I was Jewish. I was\na good citizen of Poland. I love Poland. I speak perfect Polish till today. I\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=1440.0,1470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"love . . . Everything was good and they hate me so much just because I was\nJewish. That's why I felt at this time, I don't want my children go through what\nI went through the camp, through the gas chamber, through all those things. I\ndon't want them [to]. That's how I felt.\n\nMy friends always laughed, \"That's why your children married Jewish.\" Which is\nwonderful, but that's how I felt. Matter of fact, I never discussed with my\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=1470.0,1500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"children for years. Just recently when they start to . . . They approached me\nabout this thing. I never talked to them about it. I never. I didn't want to\ntalk about it. You have so many bad feelings.\n\nI have to tell you [a story that I] said on the other [interview], which is\ntrue. My husband work in camp with the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=1500.0,1530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"horses too. He hit a horse and a Jewish\nperson went to the German and told him about my husband. They gave my husband\nfifty lashes on his back and then they put him in the stehbunker [German:\nstanding bunker]. [The German] told that, \"So many Jews can go for one horse,\"\nin Stehbunker. This German ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=1530.0,1560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who was traveling with my husband going out of camp\nto bring food and this, he used to bring for my husband some hundred percent\nproof vodka to put on his back and food. Then he went to another [German to\ndemand] that they freed my husband that they need him back to drive those horses\nto town because my husband knew every place where to go and buy. He was from the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=1560.0,1590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"city.\n\nI don't know about the feelings but you have everything. You have people, all\nkind of people everywhere. I tell you that has nothing to do with camp and\nnothing to do with me, but as I felt that's always . . . that we're going to mix\nand it will be good. I learned I was wrong. I learned that so many\nintermarriages what we have now--everyone in family has one--there's more ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=1590.0,1620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"hate\nthan ever before. It didn't help. It doesn't help. When you're a Jew, you're a\nJew, and that's it. I came to [realize] that my theory was wrong. I was wrong.\n\nJohn: How did you leave Germany finally?\n\nMaria: The same thing. We all start to leave, everybody. They used to say that\nthey put some gasoline--excuse my expression--in our ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=1620.0,1650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"asshole and we just can\nfind place, we just going places. It start to be this immigration. I don't know.\nMaybe through a Jewish organization got involved when they came to [to the DP\ncamp in Germany]. I don't know how. One hear from the other to register [so] you\nregister. I was always follower. I don't know. What they say, [I] did. We start\nto register--some for Israel, some for Canada. As I say, to different countries.\n[Why] I register for ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=1650.0,1680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"United States [was] because his two brothers [did] too, but\nthey didn't leave Germany. I was the only one who left. They been here. Both of\nthem die, but . . . they came already a few years later on their own\nrecognition. They didn't come by Federation, by any of those organizations. They\ncame on their own.\n\nJohn: When did you finally leave Germany then?\n\nMaria: I left Germany in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=1680.0,1710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"1949. We were just there a few years. I left Germany\nOctober 1949. We came to Washington [D.C.]. No, to Boston, Massachusetts. From\nBoston, they send us to New York [City]. My contract was saying--I think it was\nwith HIAS--that we supposed to go to Denver, Colorado. I read up on ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=1710.0,1740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Denver. I\nbrought my boots. I brought my furs. I brought everything. When we came, they\nsay, \"There's no place there,\" we going to Atlanta. But I didn't know nothing\nabout Atlanta. I didn't know nothing about South, but the Jewish people in New\nYork said, \"Don't go there. They killing the Jews. They hanging the Jews.\" That\nwas this [Leo] Frank that's on those things they based it. But that's where [the\nJewish organization] said to go, so I had to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=1740.0,1770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"go. We came here, which I was very\nhappy that we came to a smaller place than New York. In New York, you get lost\nI've heard.\n\nJohn: How come they sent you to Atlanta in particular? Why were you sent here?\n\nMaria: That I wouldn't know. That you would have to ask the HIAS, or [the Jewish\nFederation of North America], or whoever was doing this move around us. But they\nsay, \"We don't have place for you in Colorado, in Denver, you have come to\n[Atlanta].\" There was another man with us who came to here to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=1770.0,1800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Atlanta when we\ncame too. I don't know.\n\nFrom New York to Atlanta, we came by train and [in] Washington D.C. we have to\nchange the train. A policeman came to us, and he say, \"You so and so?\" I say,\n\"Yes.\" They recognize us right away, and they put us on the train, and here we\ncame. I remember it was dark, was evening--maybe it was not late, but it ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=1800.0,1830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was\nalready dark--and was waiting for us Sophie Swizer. She didn't speak not one\nword not Polish, not German, not Yiddish, and I didn't speak English, but\nsomehow she took us to a little grocery store and I really didn't know [what to\nget]. She picked up something for us and we went. She brought us to a family.\nSomewhere in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=1830.0,1860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Decatur [Georgia] they brought us. Later they put us to a family on\nWashington Street, Greenberg. My husband went to work right away.\n\nJohn: When date did you get here?\n\nMaria: I got here October fourteenth.\n\nJohn: What year?\n\nMaria: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=1860.0,1890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"1949. When we came here, we stayed with the Greenberg family. My husband\ngot a job and he was working in a grocery store. He left like 6: 00 in the\nmorning and came [home] at midnight. I was crying. I didn't know what happened,\nbecause in Europe you don't work like that. It was something new to me. He was\nmaking $18.00 a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=1890.0,1920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"week. I still tried to save 50 cents a week, but I never forget\nbecause I was telling the lady where I was living that--something came up with\nfood and this . . . I said, \"Oh I can't afford it.\" She say, \"Some eggs.\" I say,\n\"I can't afford it. I make one egg for my baby, one egg for my husband [when] he\ngoes to work, and [with] one egg, I bake the bread.\" I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=1920.0,1950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"made my own bread [at]\nthis time. She say, \"Oh, that's the cheapest thing in America.\" I say, \"Maybe\nit's the cheapest, but I just can't afford it.\"\n\nFrom [Europe], I did bring some money with me. I brought three thousand dollars\ncash, but I wouldn't spend on food. I brought it to buy something [like] a\nhouse. I don't know what you can buy. Then my husband . . . Then we moved\nfarther, and we bought a grocery store, and that's how it ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=1950.0,1980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"started. We didn't\nspeak English. We had a little boy in the store. If someone came, they say they\nwanted salt, they wanted flour, they wanted sugar whatever, he was the one who\nput everything on the counter. The rest we know how to do. We know how to count,\nwe know how to read, but we didn't know what is what. It was hard. It was very\nhard and I have another child, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=1980.0,2010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but sooner or later, slowly . . .\n\nYou see, it was easier for us to . . . some American people are wondering how we\nmade the money. Now, I really don't know exactly how to explain, but I feel that\nwe made it because we didn't know nobody. The people we know was just like us. I\ndidn't need to go to buy dress to Rich's, which I didn't know Rich's or nothing.\nWhat we did between us was just ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=2010.0,2040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"fine. We didn't need to . . . We didn't have\ncars, we didn't have radio, we didn't have telephone, we didn't have nothing, so\nthe money was going somewhere so it would go to the bank. That's how I feel.\nBecause when my daughter got married, she has to have a car already, she has to\nhave a television already, and you have to make a living. But if you don't have\nto all those things, you are able to save maybe. That my explanation. I don't know.\n\nWe didn't have any special friends, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=2040.0,2070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you see. When I came here, the only friends\nwhat was, was people what they came from Europe. That's connection what we had.\nBut we are different people, too. We have different experiences, and different\nbackground, and different knowledge, but that's was together.\n\nThe American people in our age, they didn't want to associate with us. We were\nthe greenie . . . and I say I deserved ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=2070.0,2100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this. You know why? Because at home, I\nwas the same way. When someone didn't speak good Polish, or they were from\nsomething else, I wouldn't associate either. I couldn't help to think that maybe\nthat's why God punished me, that's why they didn't want to talk to me. I learned\nmy lesson. It's true. I learned. That's it.\n\nWhat it was very hard, but thank G-d everything ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=2100.0,2130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"now . . . The life was hard, but\nafter ten years on--not even ten years--we bought a little house. We start\nslowly, then we bought a little land, then we bought a little this, and before\nwe turn around, we were okay. We were not millionaires; but we okay.\n\nJohn: Describe what Atlanta was like in the early days.\n\nMaria: Atlanta in early days was just beautiful. [The city was] not just\nbeautiful, but ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=2130.0,2160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"people and Gentile people, lovely, friendly. When you heard\nSouthern hospitality, then when it was. Trying to help you. Like I didn't . . .\nThere were not too many foreigners here. I think that the people like us what\nwas here . . . I never met anyone. People tried to so hard to be friendly\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=2160.0,2190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"really. I never had bad experience, never. Now . . .\n\nJohn: How much of a Jewish community was there at the time?\n\nMaria: It was not too much. I was also surprised that . . . I didn't find there\nwere kosher butcher shop, but not much. Of course, I was maybe ignorant in this\ncase. When I was living [in] Germany, my oldest sister-in-law--She passed away.\nHer name is ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=2190.0,2220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Cecilia--she told me, \"You're going to a Yiddish land. You're going\nto a Jewish land.\" She see that I have pots and pans, milkhik aun fleyshik\n[Yiddish: dairy and flesh, meat], for milk, for meat separate. I came with those\ndishes and I went to A \u0026 P. I thought, \"She told me I'm going to a Jewish land.\"\nI thought that everything is kosher. Then I met someone. It was too late\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=2220.0,2250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"already. I was already treif [Yiddish: non-kosher].\n\nI remember another thing. I bought Mum Deodorant. Smelled so good, I was putting\non my face. I sent it to my sister to Poland. She was still in Poland. I said,\n\"This cream is so good. Put it on the face.\" You know what, why it was good?\nBecause I was sweating so much. But I didn't realize this was deodorant. I\ndidn't know. It just smelled good. That's why I put it on my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=2250.0,2280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"face. I [heard]\nmany stories that some people were buying dog food, they didn't know that they\nbuying. I just bought the cream, Mum Deodorant.\n\nJohn: What differences did you notice between European culture and quality of\nlife and American? What kind of adjustments did you need to make?\n\nMaria: When we came ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=2280.0,2310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"here, there was really . . . as I say, the American people\ndid not associate with us, so we really grew up between us and we accepted, but\nthere was not that much . . . I didn't see that much different, except people\nwere dressed here and you can . . . The groceries--I was impressed. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=2310.0,2340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Matter of\nfact, where I bought my groceries was probably not bigger than the room, but I\nhave the vegetables and produce, and groceries, and fish, and meat, and\nkerosene. I wrote to my sister-in-law in Germany, \"Oh,\" I said, \"The store has\neverything.\" Because in Europe, all those things are separate.\n\nJohn: Where was that store? Do you remember?\n\nMaria: My store was on Magnolia Street in Vine ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=2340.0,2370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"City. It's not in existence any\nmore but there it was.\n\nJohn: What were your interactions with the black population like?\n\nMaria: The black population . . . When I came here, I felt very sorry. When I\ncame here, I was living on 11th Street. [A man named] Marcel gave a house to\nrefugees and there was 11th Street. It doesn't exist ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=2370.0,2400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"anymore. There's a huge\nbuilding now, but there was four families living--two and two. I was always, as\nlittle as I had, I was taking the food to the superintendent down stairs. I felt\nso sorry.\n\nI felt sorry when they had to go to sit in the back. Matter of fact, one time, I\nwas very heavy brunette and I sit in the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=2400.0,2430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"back. The driver told me to come to the\nfront, that's for the black people. I did, but I really felt bad. But after I\ngot to know them better, after I got to see, I changed my mind.\n\nJohn: What do you mean?\n\nMaria: I changed my mind because like I was living in the black neighborhood. I\nwas keeping them as ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=2430.0,2460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"friends. I tried to invite them to my house, to cook, to\nhave it, but they were stealing. They were doing beating, they were fighting,\nthey were everything what I didn't think they'd do. It turned me off. It turns\nme off now when someone is doing something wrong. Like--I don't know what city\nwas it in, Cincinnati or ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=2460.0,2490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where--policeman . . . I don't know if he killed or he\nhit a young boy. It's terribly wrong. But that's terribly wrong for the family\nlet him take care of it, let him sue, let him do, let him fight the policeman.\n\nBut right away they robbing and getting into the stores. That's the first thing\nthey do. Maybe you agree with it, but I don't. I say if I have something with\nyou, it's between you and me. I don't think that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=2490.0,2520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"my sisters and brothers should\nfight you and should open store where people don't know them. But that's how I\nfeel. That's the one thing I got out.\n\nJohn: How much did you and your husband talk about the earlier days during your\nwar experience?\n\nMaria: Very much so. There was not a day when we sit, when we have time. Usually\nwe didn't have time, but when we have time. We work [long hours] too, like\n[when] he was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=2520.0,2550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"working for someone else. The same thing went for us, from 6: 00\nto midnight. Sometimes I beg him, \"Let me stay here in the store,\" not to go\nupstairs because my leg didn't carry me anymore. But Sunday, not just me and my\nhusband, but we used to meet at Piedmont Park. Most survivors were meeting at\nPiedmont Park and that's what we were talking about--about camps, what happened\nto young people, what happened to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=2550.0,2580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Shlomo [Herman had an older brother and a\nnephew named Shlomo], what happened to this . . . There was a reminding of\npeople and talking, and constantly. You couldn't stop it. It is a part of your\nlife. You couldn't stop.\n\nJohn: What was it like for you to be a mother when your children were born?\n\nMaria: As I say, in beginning I didn't want to have any children, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=2580.0,2610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but later . .\n. maybe everything . . . one caused the other. Maybe if I wouldn't have money to\ngive them the food and this, maybe I wouldn't feel as good as I felt when I\ncould feed my children. I was so appreciative.\n\nI'll tell you a story. I was living on Highland Terrace, but I didn't drive a\ncar yet--that was right in the beginning, when I had the store and I had already\na girl at home ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=2610.0,2640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"working, a maid. [At] this time the maids were not expensive, but\nstill, if you didn't have money, it was expensive. I had to change the busses at\nFive Points. Matter of fact, that's why I remember--because I pass by there and\nI was telling my friend who was visiting me from France about this incident. It\nwas bitter cold, and I came to change--that was Thanksgiving ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=2640.0,2670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Day . . . I came to\nthe corner to change the busses and there was sitting an American man kneeling,\nand having his coat under his knees that the wind wouldn't blow up on it. I\nlooked at him, and my bus came, and I went on the bus--they stop and they're\nwaiting for the passenger to go. I looked at him, and my tears come to my eyes,\nand I say, \"I'm so ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=2670.0,2700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"lucky.\" I came to this country and I'm going home where the\nturkey is cooking, the maid is, nice and warm, and the man was born here. I was\njust very touched.\n\nJohn: Were you aware of raising your children in any particular way or with any\nparticular values because of your past?\n\nMaria: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=2700.0,2730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"No.\n\nJohn: Were you conscious of how you were raising your kids?\n\nMaria: I was raising my children like all other my friends. All other . . . We\ndidn't, they didn't have grandparents, we didn't have no one to turn, to ask. We\ndidn't have place to make a mistake. We have to do everything right because\nthere was nowhere to turn and nowhere to go. We were raising the children like\nall survivors.\n\nWe tried, but then later when we moved to the house, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=2730.0,2760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"like I move here . . . This\nhouse was a small house. When I move here, my neighbors, the mothers were\nstaying home, and I had to go to work. The youngest daughter suffered, this one\nSusie what you met. I went. She always complained on her stomach. I went to the\ndoctor one day and he told me, \"Do you go to work?\" I say, \"Yes.\" [He\nasked,]\"And the neighborhood? Do people go to work?\" I say, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=2760.0,2790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"No.\" He say, \"You\nsee, she see the children having mothers at home.\" That's what he told me. She\ntried to have the love or something. She complained of stomach, but there's\nnothing wrong with her stomach.\n\nI tried to keep up with the American people, which some things I didn't agree\nand I think that I was right, like spending the night. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=2790.0,2820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Children . . . It was in\nstyle to spend the night. When they get older, you didn't know where they spent\nthe night. They think they spending the night here. Like in my house was a\nhaven, because I'm not at home. They couldn't ask me. I came home at eleven\no'clock, so they couldn't check with me [to ask], \"Oh, their daughter's here?\"\n\nThen, I didn't . . . I wish they would wear a uniform, because every night what\nthey going to wear in the morning to school. I thought that takes away from the\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=2820.0,2850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"education, just to worry what to wear, and the cashmere sweater, which I didn't\nbuy them, but they were upset. Those things what was the different between\nEurope maybe. I still think it's good thing if you have uniform. You don't have\nto worry what to wear and this. I have a problem.\n\nJohn: Did you have the opportunity for more education or to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=2850.0,2880.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"get trained in\nanything in particular?\n\nMaria: Me? I didn't have my lawyer registered me on at Emory. I have a diploma\nfor short courses, but I didn't really have time to go into it like my\ngirlfriend that finished later school. I already have . . . Just as I got\nmarried, I have my daughter and then the second one, and I had to help my\nhusband a lot. I had to be with him constantly. I have to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=2880.0,2910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"work with him. He\nneeded me. He couldn't do it on his own. He need my help, so I didn't have much\ntime to go. I wanted to, but I didn't.\n\nJohn: If the war had not interrupted your life at the age of thirteen, did you\nhave any expectation of what you were going to do as an adult?\n\nMaria: Yes. First, I would have to go to Gymnasium. Gymnasium was not free in\nPoland, but I would have to go to Gymnasium. Matter of fact, I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=2910.0,2940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"went one year,\nfrom sixth grade where I made my test by math and in writing. What do you call\nit? The . . . I forgot this, but I have to make the test . . . interviewing.\nWhen they interview for school, and in writing, was the thing, and from sixth\ngrade. I didn't go to the seventh grade. I went to one year in college, and the\nwar started, and I didn't go no ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=2940.0,2970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"more.\n\nJohn: What was your . . .\n\nMaria: But not . . . [I wanted to go] just to be educated, but nothing more to\ndo. [I] just [planned] to marry rich and be a housewife. There was no special\nthing for the woman other thing. But at this time, I thought that's how I was. I\ndidn't look for nothing. I would probably be very happy if it would happen this\nway, but . . .\n\nJohn: How would you describe your husband? What kind of a person was he like?\n\nMaria: He was a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=2970.0,3000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"hardworking man, a nice person. He was a good father and a good\nhusband. He tried very hard. He did the best.\n\nJohn: What is his name?\n\nMaria: Herman Dziewinski.\n\nJohn: How much did the local Americans and people in the South want to know\nabout your past--especially since you ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=3000.0,3030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were one of the rare [survivors that was] here?\n\nMaria: I find out . . . which I still now associate more with the Americans than\nother, because from other people, there are just two, three left from the\noriginal survivors what came to Atlanta. There's not many, and some of them\nsick. Some of them that . . . but today not so much interested in the . . .\nEverywhere you have people ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=3030.0,3060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what were workers and givers in America, actually\nthey the one who doing giving and everything, except up north our\npeople--survivors--doing too, but they are more rich up north. Here, I don't\nthink . . .\n\nLola Lansky was one who was starting the [Eternal Life-Hemshech] for us, but so\nwe didn't . . . But I found the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=3060.0,3090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"American was . . . Even now when something\nhappen in Israel, we between us, we talk. We getting mad. We want . . . We see .\n. . I said they should try to throw the bomb and then say I'm sorry like the\nAmerican's say sorry, and everything will be fine. They will forget later and\nall those things. But the American Jews what I associate with, they talking\nabout lunch, they talking about theaters, they talking about opera, they talking\nabout everything, but I seldom ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=3090.0,3120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"hear them talking about what goes on.\n\nI was really happy to see that so many Jewish people got involved with the\nRabbi, what they didn't let him speak from the pulpit. It was very\ncontroversial. Some of them feel he shouldn't, some of them feel he should, but\nat least the Jewish people got a little bit involved. They maybe start to think\nabout. Like I'm telling my friends from time to time, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=3120.0,3150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"Don't think it happened\nto me what you say because history repeats itself.\" I hate to say it, but I\nreally feel that will happen again. The only thing what is here in America safe,\nis we have now, so many nationalities that maybe it's not enough to persuade the\nother. I don't know. But I don't find love for Jewish people. I haven't ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=3150.0,3180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"found it yet.\n\nJohn: How did people in the South relate to Jews when you first came here?\n\nMaria: As I say, the young people, I didn't know. They didn't come. The older\npeople, they were talking. Mostly they want to talk more about Europe. They were\nfriendly. They wanted, they needed . . . Their children didn't see them as often\nany more. Children have their ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=3180.0,3210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"life. They need someone, so we were good. But the\nyoung people, I have no idea. I didn't know any of them. None of them came.\n\nJohn: Did you encounter any kind of prejudice toward Jewish people?\n\nMaria: Do I have prejudice? No, I don't. Like I say, I did it myself like this\nin Europe. I was prejudiced myself in Europe, so how can I be mad? I got paid\nwhat I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=3210.0,3240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"deserve. I just . . . I don't. That's how it is. Maybe . . . Listen, the\nyoung people they didn't speak any other language, just English. Maybe they\ncouldn't even if they wanted. I don't know. I didn't know any to say. The\nelderly people, like me now, they came to us. They took us, they brought us,\nthey show us ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=3240.0,3270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"around.\n\nRuth: It is fifty-five years since the war has been over . . . How do your\nfeelings about the war changed over the years or your willingness to talk about\nyour experiences? Have your thoughts about it changed?\n\nMaria: Let's put it this way: I didn't talk about those experiences for years\nand years. Just recently--my husband died four years ago, five years ago . . .\nthat was the first time, when my niece ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=3270.0,3300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"persuade me to start to talk about it.\nThey say it's good for my children to know, but I didn't in the beginning. No, I\ndidn't, but now, yes.\n\nRuth: Why?\n\nMaria: Maybe because you get brainwashed. You hear everybody tells you, \"If\nyou're not going to tell, who going to know?\" It's time that it's told, they\nneed to know, and so forth. Maybe it's time for it. I don't ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=3300.0,3330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"know, but I wouldn't\nwant to be the one who not do it and later they say, \"She should have done it.\"\n\nRuth: Did you say you did not talk to your kids about it when they were growing up?\n\nMaria: No. They knew I was in Auschwitz-Birkenau because I have my number. They\nknew, but I didn't . . . I want not to have ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=3330.0,3360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"nothing so much on the mind. Now my\ndaughter's working with the survivors, second generation. They know.\n\nMatter of fact, when Yom HaShoah was, I didn't want to tell my youngest daughter\nbecause she always is late. She always was upset that I'm waking her up, that I\nsay, \"She should know by now to take her son.\" Sure enough, she came, which I\nwas very proud and happy to see her there on her own. I didn't have to remind\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=3360.0,3390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"her, I didn't have to tell her nothing. I like this very much, yes. [If] you're\na Jew, you're a Jew. You're a Jew no matter what. As much as you don't want it,\nas much as . . . sooner or later you feel good. You feel good when something\ngood happens. [When] your children are doing good, you're happy.\n\nJohn: Did people ask you what that tattoo meant?\n\nMaria: Yes, and believe it or not, you know what I used to say? [I would say,]\n\"That's my telephone number from ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=3390.0,3420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Europe.\"\n\nJohn: How come you said that?\n\nMaria: I'll tell you what happened in Florida. I went on a bus. Of course, I\nhave [on] my short sleeve [shirt]. A young man see this number and he says to\nme, \"Oh, I know where you got the number.\" I say, \"That's my telephone number\nfrom home.\" There were so many people on the bus. I really wouldn't discuss any\n[more]. He said, \"Oh, no. I know you were in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=3420.0,3450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"camp,\" and he start to talk about\nit to the people on the bus. He was blessing me, and thanking me, and this. I\nwas flabbergasted. I didn't know because I thought that a young man like this he\nmight . . . the way he looked, that he might [be disrespectful or uninterested],\nbut vice versa. He was very touched by this number and very impressed.\n\nJohn: What would you say the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=3450.0,3480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"qualities were in you that helped you get through\nthe war?\n\nMaria: What helped me personally?\n\nJohn: Yes.\n\nMaria: A sense of humor. I was making jokes from everything. I was making songs.\nI was going, I was singing around, and what has taken through today [is] the\nsame. Not much has changed. You've got to have that. You have to make jokes out\nof everything. If not, it's ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=3480.0,3510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"very hard to survive.\n\nJohn: Even if you didn't want to tell your children too many stories, what did\nyou try to teach them in terms of values, or wisdom, or attitudes?\n\nMaria: First, my personal thing is that, \"Nie rób nikomu tego, czego nie chcesz\nrobić.\" [Polish] ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=3510.0,3540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Don't do to no one. I'm saying, from Polish. [It means,] don't\ndo to no one what you don't like that done to you. That is the best in\neverything--in religion and everything. Don't hate no one, if you don't want\nthem to hate you or your religion [or] whatever, and be a good person. That's\nthe . . . That's more what you can do. Of course, you have to evaluate yourself,\nthe position, the things what you, what happened. I went through ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=3540.0,3570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"here, I went\nthrough different things what I hate to talk about it, but like when I in the\nstore when I was, you have to be alert. To survive, first you have to be alert.\n\nWhen we crossed the border--I told you we got caught on the border--and they\nwere saying that we have money and they were right. We did have money. My\nhusband had the money in his shoes. I have ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=3570.0,3600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"money . . . in pocieszyciel [Polish:\ncomforter]. . . a European comforter . . . I have in a corner. I said to him,\n\"You think we have money?\" I have here money too--on my stomach--and I said,\n\"Ah, let my husband those shoes on, I will show you what we have in the shoes,\"\nand I took off mine. I didn't have nothing in my shoes. My husband had the\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=3600.0,3630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"money. Then when I opened the luggage, I took the comer from the comforter where\nthe money was. I was holding the money and shaking the comforter. I told him, \"I\ndon't have no money,\" but the American soldier who took me to the room, and he\ntouch me, he seen the money. He felt the money but he didn't know exactly what\nit is. I don't know. I cannot say this even on the camera. I cannot say what I\ndid, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=3630.0,3660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but [he] say just, \"Go, go, go.\"\n\nMaria: The one incident what I have here was that when . . . the immigration\ncame . . . A man came to my store, and he say, \"I came here to kill you. I heard\nthat you robbing my people and you . . . and I came here to kill you.\" I look\naround and it was me, and my butcher, and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=3660.0,3690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"him. My butcher was a black man and\nright away he went in the back of the [store]. Suddenly, I am here [alone] with\nhim. He takes the gun and he say, \"I came here to kill you.\" I said to him . . .\nHe was something . . . You could see that his eyes . . . that he's not normal on\ntop of it. I said to him, \"Such a good looking man like you, came to kill me? I\nthought that you came to make a date with me.\" He got [surprised]. He jumped ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=3690.0,3720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and\nhe said, \"Would you have a date with me?\" I say, \"Sure.\" I say, \"Listen, you\nknow, I'm a married woman. When you going to call me, my husband will kill me.\nGive me your telephone number and I call you.\" So he gave me a telephone number,\nand I gave to a friend, to a black policeman.\n\nI didn't want to make issue because you live there, you make living from them,\nso I didn't want a big hurrah. I asked him personally to go to him. He went and\nhe ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=3720.0,3750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"say, \"Don't ever show up in the store because her husband find out, he beat\nher up, and he would kill you--her husband, so don't you show up.\" That was the\nend of the story. But you have to . . . I see it was me and him. The butcher\nleft. He wasn't worried if he kills me. At this time, there was so much hate.\nThat's why I say, you have to be street smart. You have to right away [assess]\nthe situation.\n\nJohn: Can you describe any other incidences during the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=3750.0,3780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"war in the camps where\nyour attitude or your street smarts got you through?\n\nMaria: It got me . . . I hate to say maybe, but people who knows me, they will\ntell you that that's it. They still like to go with me today for this reason\nbecause we laughing.\n\nWhen I came to the camp, I met my husband. He was working in the kitchen. I came\nthere for food and he gave me some food, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=3780.0,3810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so if I had the food, I was not as\nhungry. I was working and whenever they say, \"Sit,\" I sit. I never went against\nit, whatever they say. Even after the war, I was like that.\n\nI know, I remember my sister was to look at houses [and saw a sign that said,]\n\"No trespassing.\" She wants to go in. I say, \"I will not go in for nothing. It\nsays no trespassing is no trespassing.\" When they tell me to stay in the line, I\nstay in the line. I tried to save . . .\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=3810.0,3840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When I was a little girl at home, and when was very cold and the pipe busted the\nsteps, the staircases were always full with ice. You have to be very careful to\nwalk those steps. I used to say to myself walking step by step, [unintelligible\nPolish phrase]. The one who takes care of himself, G-d watches him too. That's\nclose a translation what I can do.\n\nThat's how ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=3840.0,3870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I [was] all my life. That's how I was doing. In camp, in Plaszow as I\nsay, I was working in the Schneiderei what we were doing the uniform. This\nincident what I had with the . . . with what they came to kill, what they killed\nso many girls around me, and then when they send me back to Auschwitz, we didn't\ndo nothing till they took us to the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=3870.0,3900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"appell and took us to send us to Lichtenberger.\n\nJohn: What are some of your memories from Birkenau during those two to three months?\n\nMaria: I tell you, we lived . . . I went matter of fact, last September to see\nit, the same place, where I been. We lived on those [bunks] like ten or fifteen.\nSometimes you see this in the picture when they show us. The ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=3900.0,3930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"same thing.\n\nWhen you are young, you can do more and you don't feel so . . . Like the parents\nwhat they have children, they already realize what happened. You could survive\nfaster. You see them . . .\n\nOne time we see the camp leaders from Krakow-Plaszow. They were [taking] Jewish\npeople. I don't know why, but they hanged them. We ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=3930.0,3960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"all had to go and see them.\nWhen I left the place, I couldn't move my face. It was like a stroke. It came\nback. Now after the war, I asked the doctor, and [it] was a nervous reaction. I\nthought that I was paralyzed, but he said that was a nervous reaction. Soon\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=3960.0,3990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"after, we went back to work and you don't think about it. You don't think. You\ncannot. If you think, you cannot survive. That's because you see how bad is everything,\n\nEvery night, we were sitting on the bed and killing [lice] what is in the hair.\nThere was white ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=3990.0,4020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"[lice] in the clothes and we were killing them every night,\nknocking them off. You're doing this and you don't know is different. You don't\nthink about it because first you don't think that tomorrow you're going to be\nhere. I never believed that I would live, never.\n\nMatter of fact, when my daughter got . . . I'm talking later--twenty some years\nago. She got married when she was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=4020.0,4050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"nineteen and she didn't want to have a\nwedding. I said, \"You're not going to cheat me out of it. I never believed that\nI would live to have a daughter and I would live that long to see her getting\nmarried. So the wedding is on.\" I don't know.\n\nJohn: What did you learn about human nature and how people relate to each other\nin the camps?\n\nMaria: Human nature . . . People in camp were ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=4050.0,4080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"rough and tough and they would go\nover everything just to survive. By now they are all delicate, and they forgot\nhalf of it, and they don't want to talk about it. They knew people were dead\nprobably, but survival was very important. You didn't worry if someone laid on\nthe ground, on the street. You step over if you were nice. If you wasn't nice,\nyou step ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=4080.0,4110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on. Everybody just tried to . . . Everybody was for themselves.\nEveryone was for themselves except maybe if you have family--mothers, friends .\n. . They were for . . . I didn't have any. My sister was not with me in the\nbeginning. She was in Madritsch camp by Plaszow. [Oskar] Schindler was in . . .\nMadritsch, too. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=4110.0,4140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We didn't have . . . just ourselves, but she was not with me\nexactly. But people survive. Surviving is just like Survivor here on television.\nEveryone wants to survive. I never watched the show so I don't know what they're doing.\n\nJohn: Did you ever have any interaction with any of the leaders, or the kapos,\nor the black guards, or the people who were in positions of power?\n\nMaria: I never had. I never ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=4140.0,4170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"went . . . As I say, I was very wholesome. Like the\nGerman, whatever they said, I did. They tell me, \"Stay here, stay here, stay\nhere, stay here\". I never would fight with a kapo or go close to if I didn't\nhave to. I stay away. I didn't do it.\n\nRuth: After the war, how did you learn how to live in normal society again, and\ntrust people, and get out of that concentration camp kind of mentality about how\nto ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=4170.0,4200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"treat people?\n\nMaria: To trust people . . . There are people who they say, \"Someone is at seven\nso is at seventy.\" If you were trusting, no matter what, you will trust. Even\nyou make mistake, even you see what they done, you can't help it that you forget\nin a minute and you trust again. The people what don't trust, no matter what\nthey going to do, they will not trust. I don't know. It's . . .\n\nThere's another thing. I never did want to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=4200.0,4230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"give interviews and things. I didn't\nhave such harsh things maybe like other people what I hear telling. Maybe . . .\nI don't know, maybe I was the lucky one.\n\nRuth: Yes, I've heard people talk about the kind of hierarchy of suffering and\nthat some people after the war that maybe suffered more . . .\n\nMaria: Than the other?\n\nRuth: Yes, but there was some kind of talking about ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=4230.0,4260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where you rate.\n\nMaria: I tell you: Like I said, every case is so individual. I right away, I\ncame to Krakow like today. In the morning, I went on the street and I find\nsomebody say, \"You know Herman is alive.\" Matter of fact, they say, \"Herman is\nalive and he came home with a beautiful girl from the other camp.\" I say,\n\"That's okay. I just have to snap the finger and he going to be here.\" That's\nwhat I did ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=4260.0,4290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and we got married. We've been married fifty years. I don't know.\nMaybe because they didn't get married right away, maybe the husband didn't work\nright away . . . I don't know. I don't know what happened. I know what happened\nto me, my experience. They're not maybe too good. I'm not going to tell story\nwhat I don't ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=4290.0,4320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"know.\n\nJohn: When you were raising your children, what did you teach them about\nJewishness and what it means or what it should mean?\n\nMaria: I was telling, I was taking them to synagogue, I was taking to Hebrew\nschools, I was making all holidays at home. I'm not kosher--never been kosher,\nbut like most people I think . . . but all the tradition. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=4320.0,4350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I tried the best I\ncould. I myself, as a child, we had a kosher home at home. We had a kosher home,\nbut there was not this much what I took it with me. I did the best I could with them.\n\nJohn: What made you change your mind about wanting to get away from the Jewish tradition?\n\nMaria: Yes, I want to go, because as I say, automatically . . . First, I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=4350.0,4380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"say,\n\"I'm not going to marry Jewish guy, for never.\" Then I did right away. I snapped\nthe fingers. Then I say, \"I won't let my children suffer. Let them pick up their\nown religion.\" But it's not so . . . You can just say that, but the children are\ngrowing up, and you have to send them one direction or the other because Joe is\nsending and this is sending . . . You don't want your children to be different,\nso you sending them. Of course, the only religion I knew was Jewish, so I\ncouldn't send them somewhere else.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=4380.0,4410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's a discussion I have, which is nothing to do with this, but about\nmarriages. I say if the girl is Jewish, the children should be raised in Jewish\nfaith. If the girl is not Jewish and you want to marry her, don't put the\nJewishness on her because she never born in a Jewish home. She doesn't know what\nto do with them. Let her do it her way. That's my outlook. I might be wrong, but\nit's how I feel. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=4410.0,4440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Anyway, so I send my children . . . Every one of my friends\nwere Jewish. I didn't have Gentile friends. We went to Jewish school, we went\neverything Jewish . . .\n\nRuth: You went to Ahavath Achim?\n\nMaria: AA, yes. We belonged to AA because my husband wanted it. If I would have\na chance, I would belong to Temple because I do not read Hebrew and I do not . .\n. I don't know, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=4440.0,4470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but now since my husband passed away and I went for the year to\nthe synagogue, I really didn't stop going. I just didn't stop going, but when I\nwent to Florida I became a right member in another synagogue too. I changed and\nmy friends can't believe it because they know I was afraid to go to synagogue.\n\nThat was another thing: for years I was scared. My husband make me do and, every\nholiday, I wish I would be ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=4470.0,4500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"dead. I was scared to go to synagogue that someone\ngoing to throw a bomb at them. All, most of my life I was scared and close\nfriends to me, they know that. They laughing today, \"Today, you're going every\nSaturday to synagogue,\" which is true.\n\nPeople change, and ideas changing, and you learn things. Now, my grandson, now I\nhear, he going to have . . . He's planning to have a kosher home. His ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=4500.0,4530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"wife is\nplanning to have a kosher home completely. When she went to medical school, she\nmet a Rabbi's wife and that's what she wants to do. I'm very happy about it,\nvery proud of it. I myself didn't do it, but I'm . . . When you get older, you\nget softer. You going closer to G-d.\n\nJohn: How would you say ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=4530.0,4560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the war experience affected your husband? How did he\ndeal with it over the years?\n\nMaria: My husband was very quiet about it. He went. He suffered a lot. Like I\ntold you, he was beaten up and the other different things what he had. He was\nvery quiet about it. He was very quiet. He didn't . . . But in beginning, when\nwe came here and we were meeting in Piedmont Park, we all talk about those\nthings. Then we were meeting . . . I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=4560.0,4590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"tell you, that was good times because we\nmeeting. Then we were meeting in homes and we were making dinners. [We had] no\nfurniture, nothing. We were [sitting on] egg crate, floors, bed. It was\nbeautiful. Everybody loved each other. Everything was good and it was just . . .\nLater when the money start to come, there was no good. Everybody went different direction.\n\nJohn: How did . . . Other than telling the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=4590.0,4620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"stories with your husband or other\nsurvivors . . .\n\nMaria: We were telling experiences what they had in in camp. Like my\nbrother-in-law say . . . He was telling us. He told many stories, but this\nparticular story stuck in my head. When he had [unintelligible Yiddish word\nsounds like \"hazilahtin\"]. [In] Yiddish, that is gold . . . look like ten cents,\nlike a dime, small gold ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=4620.0,4650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"pieces. He swallowed it. Then later he went to the\nkitchen. The Jewish people were working in the kitchen and he said to someone,\n\"If you will give me food, I will have [a bowel movement], and I will look for\nthis, and we're going to split.\" In the meantime, he couldn't find it, but every\nday he went to get the food, so at least he ate good for a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=4650.0,4680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"month or two.\n\nThere are all kind. You hear all kind of different things, all kinds of\ndifferent experiences, people talking how they survived. But they . . . Probably\nwhen you interview them, they will tell you. It was . . . Some of them are\nfunny. Some of them were bad. But everyone has [a story].\n\nJohn: After keeping that part of your past somewhat private for thirty years and\nthen when it became ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=4680.0,4710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"more of a public topic as movies like Schindler's List came\nout and the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum opened, how did it change\nwhen all of a sudden the public was really interested?\n\nMaria: As I said before, I wish the public would have been . . . The public\nwould have been interested if the survivors . . . I always said this: If the\nsurvivors would fight right away . . . When we came out from the camp, that was\nthe time to fight for it. Maybe Israel would be even better today. But we ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=4710.0,4740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"all\nwant to make a living, we all want to make money, and that we put on the side.\nBy the time when we made it, it was a little bit too late. That's how I feel.\n\nJohn: What is it that you think the survivors should have done? You said, 'fight.'\n\nMaria: They should have fight. Let's face it, the people who went to Israel,\nthey were the fighters. They went through the camp and they would say, \"Never\nagain.\" They were the ones--not people like me who came to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=4740.0,4770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"America. The people .\n. . All of us should have gone to Israel. All of us should have fight in our\nchildren. Now the Israel, the second generation, the third, they have became\nsofter. They have a good life. They didn't come from camps. No one will write\nfrom them what my cousin wrote to me from Israel: \"We not the same Jews what in\nPoland. When they calling me 'Jew' here, I fight. In Poland, I want to go into\nthe wall.\" You know the brick ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=4770.0,4800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"wall to cover myself up. But this generation is\ngoing and when we go, we will take many things with us, many things, because the\nsecond generation, thank G-d they are here, but I don't know how strong they\nare. I don't know. I think to be a good soldier, you have to suffer. I really\nthink so. I think if you have everything ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=4800.0,4830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"good, you just don't want to go and\nstay in the dirt or whatever it is you need to do, and fight, and risk your\nlife. I don't know.\n\nJohn: When you follow Israeli politics in the news and so on, what opinions come\nto you about what's going on or what should go on?\n\nMaria: I shouldn't say nothing. I don't have right to say nothing. Like I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=4830.0,4860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"say to\nmy friend, \"If I didn't send my children and I don't send them money . . . \" Not\nthat I wouldn't want it, but I say, \"I want everyone from us to send . . . I\ndon't want you to have everything. I send them money and then ask you for piece\nof bread. I don't want to do this.\" But there's nothing wrong if all of us would\nsay, \"We suffered so much for being Jewish. We have to support the state.\" You\nknow that they can do it.\n\nBut I think Israel that too became ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=4860.0,4890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"softer. Israel too, give, and give, and give,\nand give. They saying in Yiddish, \"A zak mit a lokh ken nisht plombirn,\" [which\nmeans] a sack with a hole, you cannot fill it up, because what you put in, it\ngoes out through the bottom if there is a hole. That's it. You cannot . . . It's\nvery hard. I wouldn't give . . .\n\nI would fight the Arabs. I would ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=4890.0,4920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"kill. I'm still . . . Eye for eye--that's my\nsuggestion. They don't have not much to give now. What they going to do later?\nThe Arabs are now strong. They were good to be fighted this time, when beginning\nwas, when they didn't know nothing, when they were ignorant, and they didn't\nhave arms, they didn't have nothing. But today they have so many friends. If\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=4920.0,4950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they--any country--need to pick up between the Jews and Arabs, I guarantee the\nArab will win. The Jewish people, I don't know. I don't find a country with love\nfor the Jewish people. We know how hard was it when they were making for the\nstate to vote. It's ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=4950.0,4980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"really time that the Jewish people, American, the younger\npeople . . . I mean, not the young like you--because you already have more idea,\nyou already see, it now is waking up a little bit--but I'm talking about people\nlike fifty or sixty. They just . . . It's not . . . Like they say, \"It's not my\njob.\" But it is! If they have grandchildren, it is their job.\n\nJohn: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=4980.0,5010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What do you think is significant about being Jewish in America? What's\nimportant about it other than the rituals and all those things?\n\nMaria: What is important about being Jewish in America?\n\nJohn: Yes. In Israel . . .\n\nMaria: I don't know. In Israel is something else, but in America, I don't know.\nI really don't know what is important being Jewish. I don't know. I wish someone\nwould tell me ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=5010.0,5040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what is so important being Jewish in America, really. I, myself\ndon't know what makes the importance. I don't know.\n\nJohn: When your kids and grandkids, and great grandkids watch these videos, are\nthere any other memories or images that you want to pass on to them that you\nhaven't already talked about?\n\nMaria: I think that I with my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=5040.0,5070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"children lately, I covered all those things, but\nmy children lately became very Jewish minded. My children lately, they can tell\nme things one or two now. As I say, like my grandson grew up in a home with not\nas much religion and now he's getting to [have an] Orthodox home. Time changes.\nThe people ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=5070.0,5100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"changing. Maybe . . . Let's hope that Israel will exist forever and\nthey will have a home. Because as long as there is an Israel, wherever you live\nin each country, in any country, you're okay. But if Israel, G-d forbid, will be\nnot here, then all Jews . . . maybe don't think about it, but all Jews, they\ndon't have nothing and they will be ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=5100.0,5130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"nothing.\n\nJohn: What is important to you now and in the next several years of your life?\nWhat is meaningful to you now?\n\nMaria: For me now, is important to be healthy, number one. That is right now and\nto be able to stay here another year or two, I hope. That's number one. I hate\nto say, but that is my number one what I want to be. I want to be here to my\ngrandson's bar mitzvah if I can. It's ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=5130.0,5160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"very important. Now to have peace and\nquiet, and that's it. I think I did my share and now it's time to relax. I'm too\nold to fight. Those times has ended.\n\nJohn: Is there anything else you would like to add that we did not ask about?\n\nMaria: I really don't ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=5160.0,5190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"know. I think you did a beautiful job. You asked\neverything. If you want to ask something, ask me. I will answer, but I really\ndon't know. It's not like I put down some notes and I will talk. This maybe I\nshould have done, but I didn't.\n\nJohn: Maybe on the general topic of the survivors who are still alive . . .\n\nMaria: Yes.\n\nJohn: It is the end of a generation. Maybe 'justice' is a meaningless term\nregarding the Holocaust, but how do you ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=5190.0,5220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"feel about what has been done for\nsurvivors, and the legacy, and so on before they all disappear?\n\nMaria: Most, as I say, from survivors what they came to Atlanta with me--not\nexactly with me but this time, this period--very few are here. The few that are\nhere, most of them are sick. I went to the cemetery and from our people--I mean\nour people the first survivors--you could ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=5220.0,5250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"count on the fingers. Maybe there was\nfive or so or ten. The rest was survivors too, where their children moved down\nto Atlanta, and they came, which we don't have no connection. We don't know even\nthey exist except [when] you open a paper [to an] obituary and it says, \"a\nsurvivor.\" This name, we didn't know them and we are already too old. We now . .\n. talking about sickness, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=5250.0,5280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"medicine, and those things now. The view has changed.\nThat's the thing. But it comes to Israel; we're very strong in our mouths. We\ntalk when it comes to Israel.\n\nJohn: How adequate or how complete would you say the response of the public is\nto the Holocaust and the survivors? You were saying earlier that you think\npeople are tired of it.\n\nMaria: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=5280.0,5310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yes.\n\nJohn: What is your opinion about that?\n\nMaria: Sometimes I feel the best thing [would be] to forget about [it], but then\nagain I say, \"No, no, no. Now is the time.\" If we won't, who will? If we not\ngoing to do it, then who will? When you hear that someone has audacity to say\nthere was no concentration camps and this, thank G-d that there are still some\nwhat can prove that it was. Not so much survivors, but the American ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=5310.0,5340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"soldiers,\nwhat they can say when they came to those camps, what they found. That that's\nthe one who's very much . . . Just as interviewed the Jewish people--the\nsurvivors, those people should be interviewed too, because that's the one who\nwill be more believed than the Jew. That's . . .\n\nJohn: When you said that you were not sure that it could not happen again and\nthat people ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=5340.0,5370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"still don't like Jewish people . . .\n\nMaria: I think personally that's always . . . that history repeats itself and\nalways happened. If not used to be twenty years of war, then the fifty. It's\nalways something. That's always possibility that's what [will] happened. I hope\nwill never happen, but we have to be alert. We have to not to forget. It should\nbe . . . It has to be preached and remind is ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=5370.0,5400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"just a shame. Like I say, when\nRabbi gives the sermon about in synagogue, that you need to come to synagogue\nand this, who he giving the sermon [to]? I am in synagogue. The one who's not in\nsynagogue, he didn't hear the sermon. It has to go farther than that and has to\nbe . . . Really it has to be . . . When I see what goes on, it has to be\ntalk[ed] about ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=5400.0,5430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it.\n\nJohn: Along with remembering the actual events, what would you want people to\nlearn from the Holocaust--other than that it was terrible--to change . . .\n\nMaria: What I want them to learn is that everything is possible. I remember as a\nchild at home, there was a World's Fair in New York. My father said . . . It was\nalready [when] the Polish-German Jews what ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=5430.0,5460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they were living in Germany, they\nwere sending back to Poland. I remember my father says, \"Let's go to America now\nfor the . . .\"\n\nRuth: Worlds Fair?\n\nMaria: Yes. \"Let's go to America and then if everything will be quiet, we come\nback. If not, we going to be in America.\" My mother said, \"You crazy. We going\nto leave ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=5460.0,5490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"everything and go?\" People need to remember that when start to get\nlittle bit thing, to fight, and to put selves together, and not to worry about\nmaterial things, just to see that surviving is here, and that you can do\nsomething about it.\n\nTo vote is number one! You have to know who to vote and not to worry about\nmoney. Like you vote for a party ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=5490.0,5520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because you have money now, and this, so you\nvote for a party with money. That's wrong. You have to vote as a Jew. No matter\nwhat kind of Jew you are, you have to vote as a Jew. First, you have to put\neverything aside and not worry about tax, or this or this. [It should not be]\npersonal. You have to vote for everybody and that's what has to be done. But you\nknow I can say this thousand times and you can say this thousand times, but\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=5520.0,5550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"people would . . . It's hard. I don't blame them. They don't know.\n\nEven the American soldier--we used to call him the \"chocolate soldier.\" He never\nfight. He didn't know. If they wouldn't be afraid--America--that Russia will\ntake over everything, they wouldn't maybe didn't even go to the war. I don't\nknow, but the Russian soldier has a little scarf [with] a dry piece of bread and\nhe say, \"Yedem v Berlin ubitym ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=5550.0,5580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/187","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Gitler.\" [Russian: We go to Berlin and kill\nHitler.] They were fighters. They suffered and they were fighters. That's what\nit is.\n\nYou cannot expect . . . I cannot expect you to feel that strongly like I feel\nbecause I know that can happen. I know what had happened. I know my mother\ndidn't want to leave Poland because she had those things. Those things kept her.\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=5580.0,5610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/transcript/19148/annotation/188","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't know. I learned a lesson. I hope I did. But for me it's too late anyway.\nI don't have to worry anymore. I won't go through camp anymore. I hope that my\ngrandchildren, my children will never suffer and no Jewish people will, I hope.\nThat's how I think.\n\nJohn: Thank you for telling your story.\n\nMaria: You're welcome.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=5610.0,5640.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/annotation_set/131","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Annotations [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/annotation_set/131/annotation/189","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eKrakow [Polish: Kraków; sometimes also ‘Cracow’] is the second largest city in Poland, situated on the Vistula River. The city is one of the oldest in Poland and dates back to the seventh century. In 1939, some 56,000 Jews (almost one-quarter of the total population) resided in Krakow.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/annotation_set/131/annotation/190","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDirector Steven Spielberg (of \u003cem\u003eSchindler’s List\u003c/em\u003e fame) established the Survivors of the Shoah Visual History Foundation in 1994 to gather video testimonies from survivors and other witnesses of the Holocaust. In addition to interviewing primarily Jewish survivors, homosexual survivors, Jehovah’s Witness survivors, liberators and liberation witnesses, political prisoners, rescuers and aid providers, Roma and Sinti (Gypsy) survivors, survivors of Eugenics policies, and war crimes trials participants were also interviewed. Today, the foundation is known as the USC Shoah Foundation Institute for Visual History and Education and the collection includes nearly 52,000 video testimonies of Holocaust survivors. Maria’s 1996 interview with the USC Shoah Foundation Institute Visual History Archive can be found at https://collections.ushmm.org/search/catalog/vha13299.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/annotation_set/131/annotation/191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe ghetto was formally established on March 3, 1941 in a southern part of Krakow, in Podgorze, a poor part of town. The ghetto was closed off and 12,000 Jews were forced into it. Another 6,500 Jews from the area were transferred into it. Between 15,000 and 20,000 Jews lived within the ghetto boundaries, which were enclosed by barbed-wire fences and, in places, by a stone wall. The conditions were terrible with disease and starvation rampant. The Germans established several forced labor factories and camps within and near the ghetto.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=60.0,90.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/annotation_set/131/annotation/192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe approaching front line caused the evacuation of Plaszow and its sub-camps to begin in the summer of 1944. Most inmates were sent to Auschwitz-Birkenau, Mauthausen and Stutthof concentration camps. The biggest evacuation transport left Plaszow on August 6, 1944, deporting 7,500 to 8,000 prisoners to Auschwitz-Birkenau.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=90.0,120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/annotation_set/131/annotation/193","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Birkenau camp (designated Auschwitz II between November 22, 1943 and November 25, 1944) was the largest of the more than 40 camps and sub-camps that made up the Auschwitz complex. It was established in the village of Brezezika (renamed Birkenau, German for ‘birch woods’), near the original Auschwitz concentration camp. During its three years of operation, it had a range of functions. When construction began in October 1941, it was supposed to be a camp for 125 thousand prisoners of war. It opened as a branch of Auschwitz in March 1942, and served at the same time as a center for the extermination of the Jews. In its final phase, from 1944, it also became a place where prisoners were concentrated before being transferred to labor in German industry in the depths of the Third Reich.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=90.0,120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/annotation_set/131/annotation/194","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAuschwitz was a network of German concentration camps and extermination camps built and operated by Germany just outside the Polish town of Oswiecem (renamed ‘Auschwitz’ by the Germans) in Polish areas annexed by Germany during World War II. Auschwitz was a complex of camps: the Main Camp (Auschwitz I), Auschwitz-Birkenau (Auschwitz II) and Monowitz (Auschwitz III). Many smaller sub-camps were attached to the complex, which drew their labor from the Main Camp and Auschwitz-Birkenau. It is estimated that the SS and police deported at a minimum 1.3 million people (approximately 1.1 million of which were Jews) to the Auschwitz-Birkenau complex between 1940 and 1945. Camp authorities murdered 1.1 million of these prisoners.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=90.0,120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/annotation_set/131/annotation/195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLichtewerden was a subcamp of Auschwitz-Birkenau, located in the town of Světlá (Lichtewerden in German), not far from Bruntal in Czech Silesia, annexed at the time to the Reich as part of Sudetenland. It was a thread factory owned by Gustav Adolf Buhl und Sohn, a textile company. On November 9, 1944, a group of 300 Jewish women of mostly Polish, Czech, and Slovakian origins were selected at the Auschwitz II-Birknau women’s camp. According to another survivor of the camp, the SS men who conducted the selection looked at tall the women’s hands and picked those whose hands were tough from work. They were bathed, given camp numbers that were tattooed on their arms, dressed in civilian clothing, and moved to Lichtenwerden on November 11. They were housed in two residential barracks, and two other barracks contained a kitchen, washroom, and storage space. The camp was surrounded with barbed wire fencing, with wooden guard towers in the corners. The women were marched under guard from the camp to the factory, where civilian Czech female employees also worked. These workers were purposely misled by the factory staff, which said the prisoners were common criminals in order to discourage communicating with them. SS men too elderly for front-line service were the guards. Work lasted from 6:00AM to 4:00 or 6:00PM. The prisoners worked on thread-making machinery and in the linen spinning mill, where the conditions were especially unfavorable and the dust hanging in the air made breathing difficult. The hardest work was carrying 50-kilogram sacks of cotton to the workstations. On May 6, 1945, the entire SS staff fled the camp. Two days later, Russian soldiers liberated the 300 prisoners.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=90.0,120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/annotation_set/131/annotation/196","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOn the eastern edge of Plaszow was a complex of fenced barracks, which served as storehouses for the property stolen from Jews during resettlement campaigns. The items were segregated, cleaned, repaired, and then sent to Germany. The head of the storehouses, SS Untersturmführer Heinrich Balb, was not responsible to the camp Commandant, but directly to the SS and Police leader for the Krakow district.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=120.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/annotation_set/131/annotation/197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOne of three execution sites in Plaszow was called \u003cem\u003eHujowa Górka\u003c/em\u003e. From the summer of 1943, daily executions were held at the remains of a World War I fortification located on a hill in the southwest part of the camp. Prisoners called the site \u003cem\u003eHujowa Górka\u003c/em\u003e (sometimes also called \u003cem\u003eChujowa Górka\u003c/em\u003e), which roughly translates to “prick hill” and is a mockery of the surname of SS officer Albert Hujar, who committed and directed the executions.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=180.0,210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/annotation_set/131/annotation/198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Plaszow camp [Polish: Płaszów; also known as the ‘Krakau-Plaszow’ camp] Plaszow was in a suburb of Krakow, Poland. It was established in October 1942 as a detention place for Jewish forced laborers in the district. Only in 1944 was it transformed into a full-fledged concentration camp when Jews from the Krakow ghetto were sent there. The Plaszow railway station had already served as a transit point for deportations to the Belzec death camp and there was a small camp there for Jewish railway workers. The new camp was situated nearby on the site of two Jewish cemeteries.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=240.0,270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/annotation_set/131/annotation/199","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe SS began evacuating Auschwitz-Birkenau and its satellite camps in mid-January 1945 as Soviet forces approached the Auschwitz-Birkenau camp complex. Maria was likely transferred prior to the evacuation, in the late fall or early winter of 1944.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=240.0,270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/annotation_set/131/annotation/200","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e‘\u003cem\u003eMuselmann\u003c/em\u003e’ was a German term widely used among concentration camp inmates to refer to prisoners who were near death due to illness, exhaustion, starvation, abuse or hopelessness and seemed resigned to their impending death. The origin of the term’s use is unclear.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=480.0,510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/annotation_set/131/annotation/201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWieliczka was a sub-camp of the Plaszow labor camp, located in the town of Wielicza, about 16 kilometers (10 miles) southeast of Krakow, Poland. By 1944, about 8,000 Jews from the surrounding area were confined to a ghetto in the town or used as forced laborers in an aircraft factory and the extensive salt-mines the town is known for. The majority was deported on August 28, 1942. Of the 8,000 Jews living there, around 700 were sent to Krakow-Plaszow for forced labor, others were sent to the Gross-Rosen and Flossenburg concentration camps, around 6,000 were sent to the Belzec extermination camp, and hundreds others were shot in a nearby forest. Around 300 Jews were left after the liquidation to sort out remaining Jewish property.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=510.0,540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/annotation_set/131/annotation/202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Krakow ghetto was liquidated in a series of \u003cem\u003eAktions\u003c/em\u003e that began in the spring of 1942 and continued until March 1943. During the \u003cem\u003eAktions\u003c/em\u003e, ghetto inhabitants were murdered or deported to labor and extermination camps including Plaszow, Belzec, and Auschwitz-Birkenau.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=510.0,540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/annotation_set/131/annotation/203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOn July 15, 1945 Maria married fellow survivor Herman Dziewinski (1916-1997) in Krakow, Poland. An  oral history with Herman as well as his family papers can be found in the Cuba Family Archives for Southern Jewish History at the William Breman Museum. Herman’s 1996 interview with the USC Shoah Foundation Institute Visual History Archive can be found at https://collections.ushmm.org/search/catalog/vha13298.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=600.0,630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/annotation_set/131/annotation/204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRabbi Harry Epstein (1903-2003) served as the rabbi of Ahavath Achim Synagogue in Atlanta, Georgia from 1928 to 1982.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=870.0,900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/annotation_set/131/annotation/205","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWurmannsquick is a town approximately 100 kilometers east of Munich in Bavaria in Germany. After World War II, it was in the American zone of Germany.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=930.0,960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/annotation_set/131/annotation/206","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Eggenfelden displaced persons camp was established in late 1945. The camp's inhabitants lived in requisitioned houses located in the town of Eggenfelden, about 7 kilometers (4 miles) north of Wurmannsquick and 100 kilometers (62 milees) east of Munich in the American zone of Germany. In mid 1947, the camp had 727 inhabitants, three quarters of whom were between the ages of seventeen and forty-five.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=930.0,960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/annotation_set/131/annotation/207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAt the conclusion of World War II, most of eastern and central Europe, including Czechoslovakia, were occupied by the Soviets and soon found themselves with Communist governments. The US-led Western Allies occupied Western Europe. From 1945 to 1949, Germany was occupied by the Allied forces and divided into four administrative zones by the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, France and the United States. Much of southern Germany fell within the American zone of occupation. As relations between the former allies became increasingly polarized and tense, crossing the borders occupation zones became increasingly difficult.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=990.0,1020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/annotation_set/131/annotation/208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePrague [Czech: Praha] is the capital and largest city of the Czech Republic. It is situated in the northwest of the country on the Vlatava River. The Soviet Army entered Prague on May 9, 1945.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=1020.0,1050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/annotation_set/131/annotation/209","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFounded in 1912 by Juliette Gordon Lowe, Girl Scouts of America is a youth organization that aims to empower girls and help teach values such as honesty, fairness, courage, compassion, character, and citizenship through various activities.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=1320.0,1350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/annotation_set/131/annotation/210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAkiva (\u003cem\u003eAgudat HaNoar HaIvri Akiva\u003c/em\u003e, the “Akiva” Union of Jewish Youth) is a Zionist youth movement that began in Krakow, Poland in 1901. By the early 1930s, the group’s membership had swelled to 20,000 and spread to the Balkan States and Croatia.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=1320.0,1350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/annotation_set/131/annotation/211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA \u003cem\u003ekibbutz\u003c/em\u003e [Hebrew: ‘gathering’ or ‘clustering’] is a collective community in Israel traditionally based on agriculture. They began as utopian communities that combined socialism and Zionism.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=1320.0,1350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/annotation_set/131/annotation/212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWorld War II officially began in Europe when Germany invaded Poland on September 1, 1939. Britain and France responded by declaring war on Germany on September 3. Within a month, Poland was defeated by a combination of German and Soviet forces and was partitioned between Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=1350.0,1380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/annotation_set/131/annotation/213","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIn Plaszow, Commandant Amon Goeth’s office and the camp’s administration were housed in a building known as “The Grey House.” In August 1943, 5 holding cells, solitary confinement cells, and special tiny cells referred to as “standing bunkers” [German: \u003cem\u003estehbunker\u003c/em\u003e] were developed in the building’s basement. The standing bunkers were built for prisoners who violated camp regulations and were constructed so as to prevent a prisoner from doing anything but standing. The cells were for prisoners of the security police and the camps’ political department, mostly on death row.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=1530.0,1560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/annotation_set/131/annotation/214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHerman, Maria, and Erna Dziewinski set sail on the USAT General Hershey in Bremerhaven, Germany on October 4, 1949. They arrived in Boston, Massachusetts on October 14, 1949.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=1710.0,1740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/annotation_set/131/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society (HIAS) was founded in 1881. Its original purpose was the help the constant flow of Jewish immigrants from Russian in relocating. During and after World War II, they had offices throughout Europe, South and Central America and the Far East.  They worked to get Jews out of Europe and to any country that would have them by providing tickets and information about visas. After World War II, they assisted 167,000 Jews to leave DP camps and emigrate elsewhere.  \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=1710.0,1740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/annotation_set/131/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLeo Frank (1884-1915) was a Jewish factory superintendent in Atlanta, Georgia. In 1913, he was accused of raping and murdering one of his employees, a 13-year-old girl named Mary Phagan, whose body was found on the premises of the National Pencil Company. Frank was arrested, tried, convicted and sentenced to death for her murder. The trial was the catalyst for a great outburst of antisemitism led by the populist Tom Watson and the center of powerful class and political interests. Frank was sent to Milledgeville State Penitentiary to await his execution.  Governor John M. Slaton, believing there had been a miscarriage of justice, commuted Frank’s sentence to life in prison. This enraged a group of men who styled themselves the “Knights of Mary Phagan.” They drove to the prison, kidnapped Frank from his cell and drove him to Marietta, Georgia where they lynched him. Many years later, the murderer was revealed to be Jim Conley, who had lied in the trial, pinning it on Frank instead. Frank was pardoned on March 11, 1986, although they stopped short of exonerating him.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=1740.0,1770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/annotation_set/131/annotation/217","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Jewish Federations of North America represents 153 Jewish Federations and over 300 network communities, which raise and distribute more than $3 billion annually for social welfare, social services and educational needs with the objective of protecting and enhancing the well-being of Jews worldwide. After the Holocaust, the American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee (the “Joint”, or JDC), the Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society (HIAS), and other philanthropic organizations that later merged to form the JFNA worked together to support Jewish survivors. Refugees from displaced persons camps in Germany, Austria, and Italy received funds to help them resettle in places like the United States or Palestine and create new lives.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=1770.0,1800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/annotation_set/131/annotation/218","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDecatur is a city in Georgia, approximately 6 miles (10 kilometers) northeast of Atlanta.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=1860.0,1890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/annotation_set/131/annotation/219","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMaria and Herman owned and operated Herman’s Market, located in downtown Atlanta, Georgia on Magnolia Street.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=1950.0,1980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/annotation_set/131/annotation/220","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRich's was a department store retail chain headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia, that operated in the southern U.S. from 1867 until March 6, 2005 when the nameplate was eliminated and replaced by Macy's.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=2010.0,2040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/annotation_set/131/annotation/221","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eKosher/\u003cem\u003eKashrut\u003c/em\u003e is the set of Jewish dietary laws that dictate how food is prepared or served and which kinds of foods or animals can be eaten. Food that may be consumed according to \u003cem\u003ehalakhah\u003c/em\u003e (Jewish law) is termed ‘kosher’ in English. In a kosher kitchen and home, meat and dairy are kept separate, so a separate sets of dishes, cookware, and serving ware are needed. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=2190.0,2220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/annotation_set/131/annotation/222","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Great Atlantic \u0026amp; Pacific Tea Company, better known as ‘A\u0026amp;P,’ is a supermarket and liquor store chain in the United States that was founded in 1859.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=2220.0,2250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/annotation_set/131/annotation/223","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMum was the first brand of commercial deodorant. It was developed in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in 1888. Mum was originally sold as a cream in a jar and applied with the fingertips. It is still available today (2019).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=2250.0,2280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/annotation_set/131/annotation/224","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eVine City is a neighborhood located west of downtown Atlanta, Georgia. It is a mix of residential houses and school campuses, which include Atlanta’s historically African-American colleges and universities. It is historically and predominantly African-American and was once home to civil rights leaders like Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=2340.0,2370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/annotation_set/131/annotation/225","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMaria seems to be referring to the Cincinnati riots of 2001, which took place from April 9 to 13, 2001. The riots were a series of civil disorders in response to the death of an unarmed 19-year-old African American man, who was shot and killed by a Cincinnati policeman during an attempt to arrest him for non-violent misdemeanors, most of which were traffic citations.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=2490.0,2520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/annotation_set/131/annotation/226","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePiedmont Park is a 189-acre park located just north of downtown Atlanta. It was originally designed by Joseph Forsyth Johnson to host the first Piedmont Exhibition in 1887.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=2550.0,2580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/annotation_set/131/annotation/227","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFive Points refers to the downtown area of Atlanta, considered by many to be the center of town. It was the central hub of Atlanta until the 1960’s, when the economic and demographic center shifted north toward the suburbs.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=2640.0,2670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/annotation_set/131/annotation/228","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEmory University is a private university in Atlanta. It was founded in 1836 by a small group of Methodists and named in honor of Methodist bishop John Emory. Today it has nearly 3,000 faculty members and is ranked 20th among national universities in \u003cem\u003eU.S. News \u0026amp; World Report’s\u003c/em\u003e 2014 rankings. Maria took classes to learn English at Emory.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=2880.0,2910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/annotation_set/131/annotation/229","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLola Borkowska Lansky (1926-1999) was a Polish Jew who survived the concentration camps of Auschwitz-Birkenau, Ravensbruck, Buchenwald, and Bergen-Belsen. In 1964, she co-founded Eternal Life-Hemshech, a membership organization for survivors living in Atlanta, and in 1965 led the campaign to have a Holocaust monument erected in Atlanta. Her efforts resulted in the Memorial to the Six Million at Greenwood Cemetery. Lola was married to Rubin Lansky, another Holocaust survivor.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=3060.0,3090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/annotation_set/131/annotation/230","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEternal Life-\u003cem\u003eHemshech\u003c/em\u003e is an organization of Atlanta Holocaust survivors, their descendants and friends dedicated to commemorating the 6,000,000 Jewish victims of the Holocaust. Approximately 100 Holocaust survivors living in Atlanta, Georgia founded Eternal Life-\u003cem\u003eHemshech\u003c/em\u003e in 1964. \u003cem\u003eHemshech\u003c/em\u003e is a Hebrew word that means “continuation.” Their purpose was to \"perpetuate the memory of their beloved families along with all of the six million Jewish victims of the Holocaust.\" The group wanted the memorial to serve as a place to say \u003cem\u003eKaddish\u003c/em\u003e, the Jewish prayer for the dead. The Memorial to Six Million was dedicated in Atlanta’s Greenwood Cemetery in 1965.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=3060.0,3090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/annotation_set/131/annotation/231","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eYom Hazikaron laShoah ve-laG'vurah\u003c/em\u003e [Hebrew: Day of (remembrance of) the Holocaust and the Heroism] known colloquially in Israel and abroad as \u003cem\u003eYom HaShoah\u003c/em\u003e, or in English as Holocaust Remembrance Day. It marks the anniversary of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising and is on the 27th day in the month of Nisan. In Atlanta, Georgia, a \u003cem\u003eYom HaShoah\u003c/em\u003e service is held annually at the Memorial to Six Million in Greenwood Cemetery.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=3360.0,3390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/annotation_set/131/annotation/232","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDuring the Holocaust, concentration camp prisoners received tattoos only at one location: the Auschwitz-Birkenau concentration camp complex. Tattooing was introduced at Auschwitz in the autumn of 1941 and by the spring of 1943, the entire Auschwitz complex adopted the practice of tattooing almost all previously registered and newly arrived prisoners, including female prisoners. Prisoners were given tattoos on their forearms of their camp serial number, which was also sewn onto their uniforms. Only prisoners selected for work were registered and given serial numbers; those that were sent directly to the gas chambers were not registered or given tattoos.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=3390.0,3420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/annotation_set/131/annotation/233","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJulius Madritsch (1906-1984) was an industrialist from Vienna, Austria who came to Krakow in 1940, where he took over the management of two factories. At the end of 1940, he opened a sewing factory that employed 800 Jews in the Krakow ghetto. Workers in his factory enjoyed better rations, humane treatment and some protection from roundups and deportations. In September 1943, after the Krakow ghetto’s liquidation, Madritsch’s factory was transferred to the Plaszow labor camp. Madritsch established two other workshops in the Bochnia and Tarnow ghettos as well. As the Russian Army advanced in the fall of 1944, the Germans began liquidating these ghettos and camps. Madritsch managed to secure places for 60 of his workers in the Czechoslovakian factory of fellow industrialist Oskar Schindler and helped smuggle some of the workers from Tarnow to safety in Slovakia. He was unable to prevent the deportations of the rest of his workers, however. In 1964, Yad Vashem honored Madritsch as “Righteous Among the Nations.”\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=4110.0,4140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/annotation_set/131/annotation/234","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOskar Schindler (1908-1974) was an ethnic German born in Moravia (present-day Czech Republic). During World War II, he was a Nazi party-member who became a factory-owner in Krakow, Poland and is credited with saving the lives of the almost 1,200 Jews he employed.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=4110.0,4140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/annotation_set/131/annotation/235","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSurvivor\u003c/em\u003e is an American reality competition television series that premiered in 2000 on CBS. It is a version of the \u003cem\u003einternational Survivor\u003c/em\u003e reality competition television franchise, itself derived from the Swedish television series \u003cem\u003eExpedition Robinson\u003c/em\u003e, which premiered in 1997.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=4140.0,4170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/annotation_set/131/annotation/236","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTo assist in managing the large communities within concentration or labor camps, German authorities installed a hierarchy of administrative units under their control. A \u003cem\u003ekapo\u003c/em\u003e was a prisoner in a concentration camp who was assigned by the SS guards to supervise forced labor or carry out administrative tasks in the camp. \u003cem\u003eKapos\u003c/em\u003e were generally criminals. The \u003cem\u003ekapo\u003c/em\u003e system minimized costs by allowing the camps to function with fewer SS personnel. It was designed to turn victim against victim, as the \u003cem\u003ekapos\u003c/em\u003e were pitted against their fellow prisoners in order to maintain the favor of their SS guards.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=4140.0,4170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/annotation_set/131/annotation/237","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe \u003cem\u003eSS\u003c/em\u003e or \u003cem\u003eSchutzstaffel\u003c/em\u003e was a major paramilitary organization under Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party. It began at the end of 1920 as a small, permanent guard unit known as the “\u003cem\u003eSaal-Schutz\u003c/em\u003e” made up of Nazi Party volunteers to provide security for party meetings in Munich. Later, in 1925, Heinrich Himmler joined the unit, which had by then been reformed and renamed the “\u003cem\u003eSchutz-Staffel\u003c/em\u003e.” Under Himmler’s leadership, it grew from a small paramilitary formation to one of the largest and most powerful organizations in the Third Reich. Under Himmler’s command, it was responsible for many of the crimes against humanity during World War II. Among other activities, black-shirted SS men served as guards at labor and concentration camps.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=4140.0,4170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/annotation_set/131/annotation/238","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAhavath Achim Congregation (often referred to as “AA”) was organized in 1886 as Congregation Ahawas Achim (Brotherly Love) and is Atlanta’s second oldest Jewish congregation. By 1952, Ahavath Achim joined the Conservative Movement, with the most noticeable shift from Orthodoxy being the gradual change to mixed seating. Today, Ahavath Achim Congregation is the largest Conservative congregation in Atlanta.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=4440.0,4470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/annotation_set/131/annotation/239","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Temple, or ‘Hebrew Benevolent Congregation,’ is Atlanta’s oldest Jewish congregation. The cornerstone of its original building was laid in 1875 and the dedication was held in 1877. The Reform congregation now totals approximately 1,500 families (2015).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=4440.0,4470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/annotation_set/131/annotation/240","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSchindler’s List\u003c/em\u003e is a 1994 film directed by Steven Spielberg based on the book by Thomas Keneally of the same name, in which businessman Oskar Schindler arrives in Krakow in 1939, ready to make his fortune from World War II, which has just started. After joining the Nazi party primarily for political expediency, he staffs his factory with Jewish workers for similarly pragmatic reasons. When the SS begins exterminating Jews in the Krakow ghetto, Schindler arranges to have his workers protected to keep his factory in operation, but soon realizes that in so doing, he is also saving innocent lives.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=4710.0,4740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/annotation_set/131/annotation/241","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe United States Holocaust Memorial Museum (USHMM) is the United States' official memorial to the Holocaust. It was opened in 1993, adjacent to the National Mall in Washington, D.C.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=4710.0,4740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/annotation_set/131/annotation/242","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOrthodox Judaism is a traditional branch of Judaism that strictly follows the Written \u003cem\u003eTorah\u003c/em\u003e and the Oral Law concerning prayer, dress, food, sex, family relations, social behavior, the Sabbath day, holidays and more.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=5070.0,5100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/annotation_set/131/annotation/243","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA \u003cem\u003ebar mitzvah\u003c/em\u003e [Hebrew: son of commandment] is a rite of passage for Jewish boys aged 13 years and one day. At that time, a Jewish boy is considered a responsible adult for most religious purposes. He is now duty bound to keep the commandments, he puts on \u003cem\u003etefillin\u003c/em\u003e, and may be counted to the \u003cem\u003eminyan\u003c/em\u003e quorum for public worship. He celebrates the \u003cem\u003ebar mitzvah\u003c/em\u003e by being called up to the reading of the \u003cem\u003eTorah\u003c/em\u003e in the synagogue, usually on the next available Sabbath after his Hebrew birthday.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=5130.0,5160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/annotation_set/131/annotation/244","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA world's fair is a large international exhibition designed to showcase achievements of nations. The 1939-1940 World’s Fair was held in Queens, New York from Apr 30, 1939 – Oct 27, 1940. World War II began less than four months after it opened.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=5430.0,5460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/annotation_set/131/annotation/245","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOn October 27, 1938 the Germans began arresting 17,000 Jews with Polish citizenship who had been living in Germany and began deporting them to Poland. The Polish authorities placed the majority of the Jews in the border town of Zbaszyn and forbade them from leaving in the hope that the large number of Jews near the border would pressure the Germans into beginning negotiations to allow them back into Germany. The negotiations ended in January 1939. Friends and family in Poland had already taken in some Jews, while other deportees were permitted to return to Germany to wind up their affairs and then return to Poland. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=5460.0,5490.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/index/47224","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Maria Dziewinski [Index]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/index/47224/annotation/246","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Life Before And During The War","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=0.0,351.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/index/47224/annotation/247","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Maria gives her original name, when and where she was born, and a general overview of her life before World War Two. She talks about the work she was forced to do in Birkenau during the war.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=0.0,351.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/index/47224/annotation/248","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What is your name and what was your name at birth also?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=0.0,351.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/index/47224/annotation/249","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Auschwitz-Birkenau","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hujowa Górka","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Krakow","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Krakow-Plaszow","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lichtewerden","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Poland","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Schniederei","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Sudetenland","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Wielicza","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"World War Two","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=0.0,351.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/index/47224/annotation/250","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Freedom From The Camp","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=351.0,639.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/index/47224/annotation/251","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Maria recalls the last memories she has of the camp in Sudetenland. One day, they were told they were free. At the time of liberation, Maria says she wasn't in a really bad condition physically, but was in a terrible mental state.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=351.0,639.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/index/47224/annotation/252","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Tell a little more of getting close to the end of the war. What period were you in that last camp?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=351.0,639.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/index/47224/annotation/253","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Freedom","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lichtewerden","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"World War Two","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=351.0,639.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/index/47224/annotation/254","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Returning Home","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=639.0,897.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/index/47224/annotation/255","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Maria returned home to see strangers living in her house. Nothing familiar was inside the house and she didn't want to stay. The last time she saw it was in September 2000 and it was no longer occupied. She didn't know any of the Christians there, but she tried to get information about her parents and brother. Unfortunately, she never learned where they were sent. Not long afterwards, Maria and her sister got married and came to the United States.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=639.0,897.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/index/47224/annotation/256","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When you went back to your home, what was there? What did you find?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=639.0,897.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/index/47224/annotation/257","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Dave Gershon","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rabbi Harry Epstein","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=639.0,897.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/index/47224/annotation/258","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Home","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=639.0,897.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/index/47224/annotation/259","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Married Life","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=897.0,1082.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/index/47224/annotation/260","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Maria says the early days of her marriage were wonderful, but she was still trying to survive in the aftermath of the war. The newlyweds traveled to Germany.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=897.0,1082.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/index/47224/annotation/261","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Tell us a little more about your husband, what kind of a person he was, and a little bit about the early days of your marriage.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=897.0,1082.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/index/47224/annotation/262","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Displaced Persons Camp","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Germany","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Wurrmansquick","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=897.0,1082.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/index/47224/annotation/263","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Germany After The War","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=1082.0,1295.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/index/47224/annotation/264","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Maria had mixed feelings about living in Germany at the time. She says the local Germans were decent and nice, but did not try to befriend her. They made plans to find somewhere to live once they left Germany. Maria's preference was to live in America.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=1082.0,1295.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/index/47224/annotation/265","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"How did it feel being in Germany?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=1082.0,1295.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/index/47224/annotation/266","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Germany","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Travel","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=1082.0,1295.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/index/47224/annotation/267","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Palestine And Zionism","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=1295.0,1350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/index/47224/annotation/268","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Maria didn't have much of an opinion about Palestine and Zionism at the time and didn't think about moving there.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=1295.0,1350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/index/47224/annotation/269","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What was your opinion about Palestine and Zionism that part of your Jewish [background]? Did you have desires for that?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=1295.0,1350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/index/47224/annotation/270","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Akiva","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Kibbutz","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Palestine","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Zionism","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=1295.0,1350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/index/47224/annotation/271","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"How The War Changed Maria","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=1350.0,1635.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/index/47224/annotation/272","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Maria was young at the start of the war and says her parents protected her from much of it at the beginning. At the end of the war, she didn't want to be Jewish, marry a Jew, or have her children marry Jews. She says the complete opposite happened. She didn't want her children to go through what she went through or feel different.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=1350.0,1635.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/index/47224/annotation/273","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"How were you different at the end of the war in terms of your outlook? How did it affect you?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=1350.0,1635.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/index/47224/annotation/274","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Judaism","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"World War Two","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=1350.0,1635.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/index/47224/annotation/275","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"From Germany To The United States","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=1635.0,2150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/index/47224/annotation/276","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish survivors registered for different countries to move to, including Israel, Canada, and the United States. Maria left in October 1949. She was supposed to go to Denver, but arrived in Atlanta instead. They found a place to live there. Her husband found work in the grocery store business. It was hard to associate with American people in her age group because of language and cultural differences. After ten years, they were able to buy a house.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=1635.0,2150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/index/47224/annotation/277","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"How did you leave Germany finally?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=1635.0,2150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/index/47224/annotation/278","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Sophie Swizer","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=1635.0,2150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/index/47224/annotation/279","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Atlanta","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Grocery Store Business","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"HIAS","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish Federation of North America","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=1635.0,2150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/index/47224/annotation/280","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Life In Atlanta","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=2150.0,2533.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/index/47224/annotation/281","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Maria says Atlanta was beautiful and the people were very friendly. She didn't think there was much of a Jewish community in Atlanta. She was impressed by the grocery stores in America. She talks about her opinions on the local black population there and segregation.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=2150.0,2533.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/index/47224/annotation/282","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Describe what Atlanta was like in the early days.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=2150.0,2533.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/index/47224/annotation/283","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Atlanta","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish Community","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Magnolia Street","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Segregation","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Southern Hospitality","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=2150.0,2533.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/index/47224/annotation/284","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Talking About The War","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=2533.0,2596.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/index/47224/annotation/285","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Maria says that there used to be a meetup at Piedmont Park where survivors would talk about the war.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=2533.0,2596.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/index/47224/annotation/286","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"How much did you and your husband talk about the earlier days during your war experience?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=2533.0,2596.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/index/47224/annotation/287","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Piedmont Park","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=2533.0,2596.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/index/47224/annotation/288","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Motherhood","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=2596.0,2876.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/index/47224/annotation/289","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Maria says she didn't originally want children. She felt the pressure of doing everything right because they didn't have grandparents to turn to. She didn't always agree with the cultural norms of raising children in America and says she would have preferred if children wore uniforms to school.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=2596.0,2876.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/index/47224/annotation/290","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What was it like for your to be a mother when your children were born?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=2596.0,2876.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/index/47224/annotation/291","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Children","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Education","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Highland Terrace","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=2596.0,2876.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/index/47224/annotation/292","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Education","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=2876.0,2993.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/index/47224/annotation/293","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Maria says she wanted to go back to school, but she didn't have time to. She says she wanted to go to Gymnasium when she was younger. Her education was very disrupted. ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=2876.0,2993.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/index/47224/annotation/294","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Did you have the opportunity for more education or to get trained in anything in particular?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=2876.0,2993.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/index/47224/annotation/295","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Education","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Gymnasium","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=2876.0,2993.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/index/47224/annotation/296","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Maria's Husband","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=2993.0,3020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/index/47224/annotation/297","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"How would you describe your husband? What kind of a person was he like?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=2993.0,3020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/index/47224/annotation/298","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Herman Dziewinksi","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=2993.0,3020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/index/47224/annotation/299","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Husband","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=2993.0,3020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/index/47224/annotation/300","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Being Jewish In America","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=3020.0,3269.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/index/47224/annotation/301","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Maria talks her experiences with Americans interested in her past, as well as her experience with American Jews in Atlanta. She also speaks about prejudice.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=3020.0,3269.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/index/47224/annotation/302","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"How much did the local Americans and people in the South want to know about your past- especially since you were one of the rare [survivors that was] here?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=3020.0,3269.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/index/47224/annotation/303","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lola Lanksy","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=3020.0,3269.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/index/47224/annotation/304","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Eternal Life-Hemshech","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Prejudice","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Survivors","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=3020.0,3269.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/index/47224/annotation/305","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Sharing Her Story","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=3269.0,3665.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/index/47224/annotation/306","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Maria says she was hesitant to talk about the war for years. Her niece persuaded her to talk about it to share it with her children. She didn't talk to her children about her experiences when they were growing up. She recalls a story regarding her tattoo on a bus in Florida. She talks more about the values that she raised her children with rather than stories of her experience.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=3269.0,3665.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/index/47224/annotation/307","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"How do your feelings about the war changed over the years or your willingness to talk about your experiences? Have your thoughts about it changed?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=3269.0,3665.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/index/47224/annotation/308","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Survival","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Tattoo","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=3269.0,3665.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/index/47224/annotation/309","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Grocery Store Incident","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=3665.0,3778.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/index/47224/annotation/310","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Maria tells a story about an incident that happened in her grocery store and her confrontation with a gunman threatening to kill her. She says it's important to be street smart.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=3665.0,3778.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/index/47224/annotation/311","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The one incident what I have here was that when . . . the immigration came . . . A man came to my store, and he say, \"I came here to kill you. I heard that you robbing people and you . . . and I came here to kill you.\"","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=3665.0,3778.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/index/47224/annotation/312","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Grocery Store","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Robbery","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=3665.0,3778.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/index/47224/annotation/313","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Survival In The Camp","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=3778.0,4186.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/index/47224/annotation/314","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Maria tells a story about surviving during the war and life in Birkenau.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=3778.0,4186.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/index/47224/annotation/315","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Can you describe any other incidences during the war in the camps where your attitude or your street smarts got your through?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=3778.0,4186.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/index/47224/annotation/316","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Street Smarts","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=3778.0,4186.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/index/47224/annotation/317","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Learning To Live Again","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=4186.0,4319.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/index/47224/annotation/318","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"After the war, how did you learn how to live in normal society again, and trust people, and get our of that concentration camp kind of mentality about how to treat people?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=4186.0,4319.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/index/47224/annotation/319","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Suffering","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=4186.0,4319.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/index/47224/annotation/320","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Raising Jewish Children","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=4319.0,4558.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/index/47224/annotation/321","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Maria says she tried to keep many of the traditions when raising her children. They attended Ahavath Achim, though she notes she would have rather attended the Temple because she didn't read Hebrew. She says she was scared to go to synagogue initially, that it would be attacked. She says, however, people change.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=4319.0,4558.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/index/47224/annotation/322","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When you were raising your children, what did you teach them about Jewishness and what it means or what it should mean?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=4319.0,4558.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/index/47224/annotation/323","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ahavath Achim","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hebrew School","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=4319.0,4558.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/index/47224/annotation/324","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Talking More About War Experience","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=4558.0,4704.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/index/47224/annotation/325","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Maria says her husband was quiet about what he went through during the war. She talks about sharing her experience with other survivors as well. ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=4558.0,4704.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/index/47224/annotation/326","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"How would you say the war experience affected your husband? How did he deal with it over the years?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=4558.0,4704.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/index/47224/annotation/327","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Public Interest And Fighting","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=4704.0,4845.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/index/47224/annotation/328","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"She talks about the interest the public has in the survivors. She says that the survivors who went to Israeli were the fighters and that more survivors should have fought.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=4704.0,4845.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/index/47224/annotation/329","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"After keeping that part of your past somewhat private for thirty years and then when it became more of a public topic as movies like Schindler's List came out and the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum opened, how did it change when all of a sudden the public was really interested?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=4704.0,4845.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/index/47224/annotation/330","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Schindler's List","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"United States Holocaust Memorial Museum","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=4704.0,4845.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/index/47224/annotation/331","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Israeli Politics","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=4845.0,5052.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/index/47224/annotation/332","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Maria talks about her opinions on the fighting in Israel and Arabs.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=4845.0,5052.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/index/47224/annotation/333","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When you follow Israeli politics in the news and so on, what opinions come to you about what's going on or what should go on?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=4845.0,5052.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/index/47224/annotation/334","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Memories To Pass Down","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=5052.0,5207.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/index/47224/annotation/335","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Maria talks about things she's shared with her children and how her grandson grew up in home that wasn't very religious and is now going to have an Orthodox home.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=5052.0,5207.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/index/47224/annotation/336","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When your kids and grandkids, and great grandkids watch these videos, are there any other memories or images that you want to pass on to them that your haven't already talked about?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=5052.0,5207.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/index/47224/annotation/337","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Children","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Judaism","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Memories","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=5052.0,5207.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/index/47224/annotation/338","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Legacy Of Survivors","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=5207.0,5639.285"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/index/47224/annotation/339","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Maria talks about the aging remaining survivors in Atlanta. She says she is not sure that something like the Holocaust couldn't happen again and says everything is possible. She talks about the importance of voting and not forgetting.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=5207.0,5639.285"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/index/47224/annotation/340","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Maybe 'justice' is a meaningless term regarding the Holocaust, but how do you feel about what has been done for survivors, and the legacy, and so on before they all disappear?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=5207.0,5639.285"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751/index/47224/annotation/341","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Holocaust","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Survivors","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29830/file/97751#t=5207.0,5639.285"}]}]}]}