{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/f18sb3xd4x/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Wise, Rachel Lager"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["1996-02-28 (creation)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Agent"]},"value":{"en":["Wise, Rachel (Interviewee)","Berman, Sandra (Interviewer)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Language"]},"value":{"en":["English (primary)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["Video"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source"]},"value":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum","Esther and Herbert Taylor Oral History Collection","Absence of Humanity Project (AOH)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eRachel Lager Wise interviewed by Sandra Berman on February 28, 1996 in Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e (general)","\u003cp\u003eRachel Lager was born in Kovno, Lithuania on February 26, 1915. She was the younger of two daughters born to a successful grocer, Israel Lager, a prosperous grocer, and his wife, Chasi (Mischelevich) Lager. Rachel had one older sister, Basia, who immigrated to South Africa in the 1930s. On February 16, 1936, Rachel married Isaac Wise (born Izchak Visgardiski in 1910). The couple had one child, Chaim, in 1938 and enjoyed a happy life.\u003cbr\u003eWhen the Germans invaded Lithuania in 1941, the young family was forced into the Kovno ghetto and subjected to forced labor. They were able to obtain slightly increased rations through their work as a carpenter and a domestic servant and survived numerous selections. However, they witnessed the deportation and murder of numerous family members. Then, in March 1943, Chaim was taken away during the “Children’s Aktion” and murdered. Later, when the Kovno ghetto was transformed into the Kauen concentration camp, Isaac and Rachel were separated. Rachel remained in Kovno with her mother, while Isaac was sent to the Alexoten subcamp, an airfield where prisoners endured brutal forced labor.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003eAs the Russians approached in 1944, the Kauen concentration camp and its subcamps were liquidated. Isaac and Rachel’s father were sent east to the Dachau concentration camp while the women were sent to the Stutthof concentration camp, on the Baltic Sea, near present-day Gdansk, Poland. By January 1945, Rachel’s mother had died, but Rachel and two cousins endured the camp’s horrific conditions. When Stutthof was evacuated, they were forced on a death march and ultimately liberated by Soviet forces in January 1945. After recovering from the years of starvation, exhaustion, and trauma, in a Soviet hospital, Rachel returned to Kovno and found work in a factory. Rachel later learned her father had not survived, but that Isaac had and was recuperating in Germany. She risked crossing the border into Poland with false identification papers and the couple was reunited. Rachel and Isaac then joined his only surviving brother, Sam (1915-2003), and his wife, Ida (1922-1995), in the Feldafing Displaced Persons camp near Munich, Germany.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003eRachel and Isaac soon welcomed the birth of twins—a daughter and son. With the help of Rachel’s relatives who had immigrated before the war, the young family was able to obtain visas for the United States. On April 5, 1949, they arrived in New York aboard the SS Marine Flasher. They settled in Atlanta, Georgia to begin a new life. When Isaac’s brother and his wife joined them later that year, Isaac and Sam opened Wise Brothers Grocery. After 66 years of marriage, Isaac died in 2002. Rachel died on October 17, 2011. They are survived by four grandchildren, two great-grandchildren, and two nieces.\u003c/p\u003e (bioghist)","\u003cp\u003eRachel begins by introducing her parents and recounting how they met. She talks about her childhood and her sister who died from an illness in South Africa. Rachel explains that she was happily married, living a comfortable life, and had a young son when the war began. She recalls being sent to the Kovno ghetto in 1941 and witnessing the murder of over 500 intellectuals in an action. Rachel shares how a Jewish policeman saved her family in one action, but she lost her son in the Children’s Aktion of March 1943. She describes being sent to Stutthof with the other surviving women, while her father and husband were sent to Dachau. Rachel talks about being forced to work long hours with little food, the unsanitary conditions, sleeping on dirty, wet straw and losing her mother. She recounts liberation and recuperating in a hospital, where she later worked as a translator for the Russians. Despite physically recovering and finding work in a factory, Rachel reveals her loneliness after returning to Kovno. After learning her husband survived, Rachel explains how she made the decision to risk crossing into Poland with false papers. She describes her reunion with her husband and the decision to have more children after settling in Germany. Rachel discusses how filled with disbelief survivors and liberators were at witnessing the Nazi atrocities. The interview closes with her determination to remember the Holocaust victims and share her story.\u003c/p\u003e (scope content)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source Metadata URI"]},"value":{"en":["https://archivesspace.thebreman.org/repositories/2/archival_objects/28046"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject"]},"value":{"en":["Rachel Lager Wise (personal name)","Isaac Wise (personal name)","Israel Wise (personal name)","Chassa Wise (personal name)","Sam Wise (personal name)","General Dwight D. Eisenhower (personal name)","American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee (corporate name)","Kovno, Lithuania (geographic term)","Slobodka, Lithuania (geographic term)","Koenigsberg, Prussia (Russia) (uncontrolled)","Brest-Litovsk, Russia (Belarus) (geographic term)","Germany (geographic term)","Poland (geographic term)","Russia (geographic term)","South Africa (geographic term)","Palestine (geographic term)","Dachau Concentration Camp (geographic term)","Stutthof Concentration Camp (geographic term)","Kauen Concentration Camp (geographic term)","Concentration Camps (topical term)","Ghettos (topical term)","Actions (Aktions) (topical term)","Children's Action (Aktion) (topical term)","Intellectuals Action (Aktion) (topical term)","The Great Action (Aktion) (topical term)","Crematoriums (topical term)","Nazis (topical term)","Jewish Police (topical term)","Liberation (topical term)","Affidavits (topical term)","World War II (topical term)","Holocaust (topical term)"]}}],"summary":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eRachel Lager Wise interviewed by Sandra Berman on February 28, 1996 in Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRachel Lager was born in Kovno, Lithuania on February 26, 1915. She was the younger of two daughters born to a successful grocer, Israel Lager, a prosperous grocer, and his wife, Chasi (Mischelevich) Lager. Rachel had one older sister, Basia, who immigrated to South Africa in the 1930s. On February 16, 1936, Rachel married Isaac Wise (born Izchak Visgardiski in 1910). The couple had one child, Chaim, in 1938 and enjoyed a happy life.\u003cbr /\u003eWhen the Germans invaded Lithuania in 1941, the young family was forced into the Kovno ghetto and subjected to forced labor. They were able to obtain slightly increased rations through their work as a carpenter and a domestic servant and survived numerous selections. However, they witnessed the deportation and murder of numerous family members. Then, in March 1943, Chaim was taken away during the \u0026ldquo;Children\u0026rsquo;s Aktion\u0026rdquo; and murdered. Later, when the Kovno ghetto was transformed into the Kauen concentration camp, Isaac and Rachel were separated. Rachel remained in Kovno with her mother, while Isaac was sent to the Alexoten subcamp, an airfield where prisoners endured brutal forced labor.\u003cbr /\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cbr /\u003eAs the Russians approached in 1944, the Kauen concentration camp and its subcamps were liquidated. Isaac and Rachel\u0026rsquo;s father were sent east to the Dachau concentration camp while the women were sent to the Stutthof concentration camp, on the Baltic Sea, near present-day Gdansk, Poland. By January 1945, Rachel\u0026rsquo;s mother had died, but Rachel and two cousins endured the camp\u0026rsquo;s horrific conditions. When Stutthof was evacuated, they were forced on a death march and ultimately liberated by Soviet forces in January 1945. After recovering from the years of starvation, exhaustion, and trauma, in a Soviet hospital, Rachel returned to Kovno and found work in a factory. Rachel later learned her father had not survived, but that Isaac had and was recuperating in Germany. She risked crossing the border into Poland with false identification papers and the couple was reunited. Rachel and Isaac then joined his only surviving brother, Sam (1915-2003), and his wife, Ida (1922-1995), in the Feldafing Displaced Persons camp near Munich, Germany.\u003cbr /\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cbr /\u003eRachel and Isaac soon welcomed the birth of twins\u0026mdash;a daughter and son. With the help of Rachel\u0026rsquo;s relatives who had immigrated before the war, the young family was able to obtain visas for the United States. On April 5, 1949, they arrived in New York aboard the SS Marine Flasher. They settled in Atlanta, Georgia to begin a new life. When Isaac\u0026rsquo;s brother and his wife joined them later that year, Isaac and Sam opened Wise Brothers Grocery. After 66 years of marriage, Isaac died in 2002. Rachel died on October 17, 2011. They are survived by four grandchildren, two great-grandchildren, and two nieces.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRachel begins by introducing her parents and recounting how they met. She talks about her childhood and her sister who died from an illness in South Africa. Rachel explains that she was happily married, living a comfortable life, and had a young son when the war began. She recalls being sent to the Kovno ghetto in 1941 and witnessing the murder of over 500 intellectuals in an action. Rachel shares how a Jewish policeman saved her family in one action, but she lost her son in the Children\u0026rsquo;s Aktion of March 1943. She describes being sent to Stutthof with the other surviving women, while her father and husband were sent to Dachau. Rachel talks about being forced to work long hours with little food, the unsanitary conditions, sleeping on dirty, wet straw and losing her mother. She recounts liberation and recuperating in a hospital, where she later worked as a translator for the Russians. Despite physically recovering and finding work in a factory, Rachel reveals her loneliness after returning to Kovno. After learning her husband survived, Rachel explains how she made the decision to risk crossing into Poland with false papers. She describes her reunion with her husband and the decision to have more children after settling in Germany. Rachel discusses how filled with disbelief survivors and liberators were at witnessing the Nazi atrocities. The interview closes with her determination to remember the Holocaust victims and share her story.\u003c/p\u003e"]},"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/100/561/small/Screen_Shot_2021-03-07_at_11.50.54_AM.png?1615117868","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - Wise_Rachel.mp4"]},"duration":2497.41,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/100/561/small/Screen_Shot_2021-03-07_at_11.50.54_AM.png?1615117868","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-thebreman.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/100/561/original/Wise_Rachel.mp4?1604417429","type":"Video","format":"video/mp4","duration":2497.41,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561/transcript/20797","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Wise, Rachel [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561/transcript/20797/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"INTERVIEWER: Mrs. Wise, I'd like you to begin by just telling us your full\nname, and a little bit about your family, and where you grew up, what your\nfather did for a living, and anything that you can, any insight you can tell us\nabout what Kovno was like in your childhood.\n\nWISE: My name is Rachel Wise. My maiden name was Rachel ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561/transcript/20797/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lager. My father, and\nmother, I been mostly one child, because I had a sister and she passed away.\nIt's only, it goes around. I'll have to stay still.\n\nINTERVIEWER: Please begin again. Just state your name.\n\nWISE: My ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561/transcript/20797/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"name is Rachel Wise. My maiden name was Rachel Lager. I had a father,\nand mother, and a sister. Sister went away really young. She married. She went\nto South Africa and we lost her. She died. She was sick. I've been like one\nchild and my parents ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561#t=60.0,90.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561/transcript/20797/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"been very protective and wonderful, like they have one\nlittle girl in the house. My father was from when he was young, he was a\nteacher. He was a teacher in my mother's little town. He ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561#t=90.0,120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561/transcript/20797/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"came as a teacher, and\nhe fell in love with her, and they married. There had been three sisters, but he\npicked out my mother. She was the oldest. She was 18 when they married, but she\nwas five years with him as a teacher. A small town. There was not a school\nthere. Then when they married, they came to the main ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561#t=120.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561/transcript/20797/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"city. This was Kovno. Kovno\nwas the capitol. They started life. They been in a grocery business they\nstarted. My sister was born there in Kovno and I've been born in Kovno. We lived\na very normal, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561#t=150.0,180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561/transcript/20797/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"wonderful, comfortable life there. He was in the business. Of\ncourse, when it came the bad time, we had everything. It was really a wonderful\nlife in Lithuania, but when the Germans came over, then started the bad things\nfor the Jewish, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561#t=180.0,210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561/transcript/20797/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for us. They took away, first of all, us from the homes, from\nthe apartments. We lived very nicely. Of course, I been already married because\nI been married in 1936. In 1938, I had a child, a son. We had a bad time. We had\nto ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561#t=210.0,240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561/transcript/20797/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"go leave the homes. They took away everything what we had. We had to leave\neverything . . . only what we had to wear for a couple of days. They took us to\nthe ghetto. Then started very, very bad for us. They didn't . . . We had to stay\nin line to get bread, to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561#t=240.0,270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561/transcript/20797/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"get food. We didn't have what we needed and how much we\nneeded. They gave us so much and so much for each family.\n\nI don't know where to start first. We'd been in the ghetto and we been through .\n. . Every single day was bad for us. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561#t=270.0,300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561/transcript/20797/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Every single day was a new trick. They\ntook--the Germans--with tricks. They came one day and they said, \"We need 500\npeople, very educated people, lawyers, doctors. We need them for jobs.\" Of\ncourse, everybody that was not even a lawyer and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561#t=300.0,330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561/transcript/20797/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they been educated, they wanted\nto get a job. They knew, everybody knew they take advantage of the Jews,\neverybody wanted to go for a nice job. The 500 they took right away and they\nkilled all of them. Then they had another trick and they took . . . This ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561#t=330.0,360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561/transcript/20797/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was one\nday my child was still a baby, a couple of years. They told everybody to go out\nin a special big place, in ghetto was this. They start to put up . . . 10,000 in\none time came, was in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561#t=360.0,390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561/transcript/20797/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ghetto, to the same place and the Germans start to send\none to the left, one to the right, one to the left, one to the right . . .\nNobody knew where is bad and to the left is bad or to the right is bad, but it\nwas some . . . The Jewish police was there too. Then they ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561#t=390.0,420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561/transcript/20797/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"been staying exactly\nwhen we'd been in the line to go. It was a Jewish policeman. He told us to go to\nthe right, not to the left. We started to go, but we didn't have the chance to\ngo where we want to, but like we knew already and he was telling. He was a very\nclose friend from the family, the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561#t=420.0,450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561/transcript/20797/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"policeman. Then he started to say, \"Okay,\nokay. Come on, come on, come on. We need you. We need you.\" He took us to the\nright. We been really alive. The people who went to the left, they took right\nthe same night. We heard like the . . . how ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561#t=450.0,480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561/transcript/20797/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"many . . . How to say this? The\nshooting was so high. In the whole ghetto we heard it. Then everybody was killed\nthere--10,000 people. A few like we been lucky. The policeman took us out from\nthere, not to go ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561#t=480.0,510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561/transcript/20797/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there. Then we came back with our child. We came back to the\nghetto. Within a short time there, six months or a year, they came with a new\nthing. They came with big trucks with big groups, what they been talking, and\nbig dogs. They went to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561#t=510.0,540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561/transcript/20797/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"each house. Each house they came with the guns and\neverything. They said, \"Every child from infant till 15, we want you to go out\nto the cars.\" My child was five and a half. It was such a big ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561#t=540.0,570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561/transcript/20797/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"tragedy. The\nchildren cried. I been standing and fell down on my knees to the German. I\nstarted to kiss his boots and begged, \"Please take me too. Take me. I don't want\nto leave my child to go by himself.\" He says, \"You, your child cannot work for\nus, but ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561#t=570.0,600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561/transcript/20797/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you're still young and healthy and you still can work for us. Then we\nwant you to go home and your children, we've got to kill somebody, somewhere.\"\nIn a short time, the children was crying. The music they played not to let us\nhear ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561#t=600.0,630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561/transcript/20797/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"everything. In a couple of days later, two days, they brought some clothes\nwith shoes with everything from the place where they killed everybody. It's hard\nto say. It's hard for me to talk about this. You can't imagine how we ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561#t=630.0,660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561/transcript/20797/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"felt when\nwe gave away the children. This was . . . I would be the happiest if they would\nkill me too, or my husband, or my parents. I had my parents still there, too. We\nhad been in the ghetto together. Then, they send us in later. We had to go to\nthe camps. In the ghetto, we still been with families, but then we ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561#t=660.0,690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561/transcript/20797/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"been\nseparated. My parents been separated. My mother was with me together. They send\nme with my mother in a camp. My husband was with my father in a camp, but not in\nthe same, but in the same area in Dachau. They took us first to Stutthof. There\nwas the main place where ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561#t=690.0,720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561/transcript/20797/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"everybody came there, to Stutthof. Then they separated\neverybody, groups. They took us in separate camps. The camps was terrible. The\ncamps was nothing to eat, no water to wash yourself. We didn't have a bed, not\nnothing. They gave us black coffee in the morning and I didn't . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561#t=720.0,750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561/transcript/20797/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"lots of us,\nfrom the women . . . we didn't went together with the men, of course, separate.\nI didn't know where he is and he didn't know from me. We'd been separated. Then\nwe wanted so badly to have a little water that we took the coffee and I washed\nmy hair with the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561#t=750.0,780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561/transcript/20797/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"coffee. I didn't drink the coffee. I had to wash my hair\nbetter. Lot of girls did this, the same thing. They gave a little piece of bread\nlike my hand is to go six in the morning, five in the morning to an Appell they\ncalled it, to tell the numbers. We had numbers. Names were . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561#t=780.0,810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561/transcript/20797/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Nobody knew a\nname there. They gave us the bread and to go to work until six in the evening\nwith a piece of bread. We came back in the evening in a place with straw. We\ndidn't have beds or something. A little tent with straw, like animals. But\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561#t=810.0,840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561/transcript/20797/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"animals, sometimes you change the straw, but we been there . . . How long they\nkept us in the same straw. It was wet. It was winter. It was snow. We been with\nshoes without socks. Some people didn't have the right shoes, but what they gave\nus was \"right.\" We couldn't say ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561#t=840.0,870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561/transcript/20797/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"nothing. We came back from the work, it was very\ncold, very wet, snow, rainy or what. We came back. We got a little water with a\npotato, one potato or the peeling from a potato we had there in the water. No\nmeat, nothing, no food, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561#t=870.0,900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561/transcript/20797/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"nothing. Everybody was like a skeleton. I don't know how\nwe made it, but it was . . . My mother right away died in my hands. My father\ndied there in a camp near my husband. The older people couldn't make it, but\nyounger . . . That's ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561#t=900.0,930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561/transcript/20797/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what we got now. We thank G-d that we are alive and we\ncould tell the story, because if everybody would die, there would be nothing to\ntell everything, because our children don't know now. Thank G-d what we got\nafter the war, but G-d gave us still . . . I didn't believe that we can have\nchildren, but when we met each ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561#t=930.0,960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561/transcript/20797/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"other and we been married before. Lots of people\nwas not so lucky. Some men died and the women been alive, they came and they had\nto remarry after the war. But some women didn't . . . Some people can't have any\nchildren after this. I say you've got to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561#t=960.0,990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561/transcript/20797/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have luck in life. In Yiddish, you say\nmazel. The mazel was with us very good because I met my husband. This is a story\nfor ourself because maybe he will tell you how we met. I didn't know from him\nand he didn't know from me. I came back. I had the Russian people ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561#t=990.0,1020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561/transcript/20797/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"free me\nbecause I had been in the Polish territory in a camp and he was in the German\nterritory in Dachau. Then the American people freed him. Then how to come? He\ndidn't know that I am alive, but somehow later he found out that somebody seen\nme because ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561#t=1020.0,1050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561/transcript/20797/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"then I had been liberated by the Russians. January 21, 1945, I been\nliberated from my camp and I been completely like dead more. Then they took me\nand a couple more. I had cousins with me through it, too. They told ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561#t=1050.0,1080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561/transcript/20797/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"us, \"We're\ngoing to take you to the hospital,\" the Russian people. They brought us with\ntrucks. They took us in Brest-Litovsk, a beautiful city in Russia. They put me\nin a hospital with red carpeting. It was with beds with white linens. Some of\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561#t=1080.0,1110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561/transcript/20797/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"them, the next night they find them dead. They couldn't take the change so quick\nfrom such a terrible place in the camp, on the floor with the straw. You put\nthem in a bed, which we didn't see in a long time. In the camps, we didn't have\na table to eat and there we had a table. Then, they did a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561#t=1110.0,1140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561/transcript/20797/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"lot--the Russians--to\nhelp us. They wanted to show what they doing for them, for the people from the\nconcentration camps. They came to me and they asked me, \"What you're doing now?\nYou're improving in your health, but you cannot stay in the hospital. You got to\ngo somewhere. Where you wanted to go?\" Then you got . . . You ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561#t=1140.0,1170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561/transcript/20797/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"couldn't lose your\nmind. You cannot tell for the Russian people you want to go to South Africa or\nyou want to go to Israel. This was our main thing to think about there to go,\nbecause in Africa, we had family. I had a brother-in-law. My sister was dead\nalready, but my brother-in-law and my husband had a sister. I had my mother's\nsister was there. I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561#t=1170.0,1200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561/transcript/20797/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"had to tell I would like to go there, but you couldn't tell\nto the Russian people you want to leave. If you're born in Lithuania and this\nwas already the Russian people there, they took over Lithuania, then you had to\nsay in Russian . . . Narogena means where I am born. I wanted to go ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561#t=1200.0,1230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561/transcript/20797/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"home. They\nliked it very much. \"We'll take you. You don't have to worry. We'll take you and\nyou'll get something there. You'll have to work to make your living.\" The\nRussian people not giving like the American people. They help the newcomers when\nthey come in here, but you have to work. They took me. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561#t=1230.0,1260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561/transcript/20797/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"After they let me out\nfrom the hospital, I been very happy. I gained weight a little. They didn't gave\nme too much to eat because they said, \"You can die. Eat slowly. No fat too much,\nnothing.\" They gave me vitamins. I could speak Russian then. They been very\nhappy. Others been from another country and they didn't know ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561#t=1260.0,1290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561/transcript/20797/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Russian language.\nThey said, \"Oh, you are so cute and you can talk. I want you to help us with the\nother people who are sick. You help us to give them a little vitamins in a\nlittle glass. You'll give to everyone and you'll tell them what this is.\" I said\n. . . Lots of people talked to me in Jewish and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561#t=1290.0,1320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561/transcript/20797/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they couldn't. The Russian\npeople didn't know how to talk. I knew Russian and I knew German, and I knew a\nlittle in Jewish to talk to them. I said, \"What you got that in so many things\nglasses and jugs. What is this?\" I been frightened of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561#t=1320.0,1350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561/transcript/20797/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"maybe they want to kill us\nor what. The nurses tell me in Russian, \"This is vitamins for you and everybody\nwill get twice a day.\" I say, \"What you got there in the vitamins?\" Then she\nsays, \"Lemon and honey all it is, we can't afford medication, vitamins. Lemon\nand honey is ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561#t=1350.0,1380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561/transcript/20797/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"vitamins. And this will help you to recover from your . . . You are\nvery low in everything. You didn't have enough food.\" It was right. It improved\neverybody. Some died when they couldn't make it, but I did and my cousins been\nwith me together, and they did too. I helped them too. I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561#t=1380.0,1410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561/transcript/20797/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"helped to talk with\neverybody. Then they told me, \"We'll take you to home, where you wanted to go,\nKovno.\" Then was a chapter again. I came. I didn't find nobody. I don't know for\nmy husband. I don't know for my parents, if they are alive or they are dead. I\nknew my mother was with ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561#t=1410.0,1440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561/transcript/20797/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"me, but I didn't know if my father is alive. I start to\nwork. They gave me a job in a factory from cookies to work. Then I been a nice\ncitizen because I was working. In Russia, you got to work. Who is not working,\ndon't have to eat, they said. They had a saying there in Russian like this. I\nbeen ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561#t=1440.0,1470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561/transcript/20797/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"happy to go and to work, but I never had to work at home. My parents never\n. . . They made a living and they didn't want me to work. When I married my\nhusband, we had a nice living and I didn't have to work. I been a really spoiled\ngirl. Everything was coming what I needed. But there, I didn't ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561#t=1470.0,1500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561/transcript/20797/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have a choice. I\nhad to work. I been happy. I been okay physically. My health came back, but I\nbeen broken. I missed my child. I missed my husband. I missed my parents. It\ndidn't feel worth it. Sometimes I'd been thinking, \"Why I am ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561#t=1500.0,1530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561/transcript/20797/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"alive? I would be\nbetter off not to be alive.\" Later, when I been already in Kovno and I worked,\nall of a sudden came one time a man. He said, \"I got a regards from your\nhusband.\" I said, \"From my husband? Is he alive?\" \"Of course he's alive. He's in\na hospital in Germany with his ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561#t=1530.0,1560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561/transcript/20797/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"brother. His brother is alive, same. They are\ntogether because they been in the same camp.\" Oh, I opened my eyes and I said,\n\"I am at least . . . I didn't been lucky, but I am lucky that I got him. We been\nmarried. We had a child together. Maybe G-d will help us, and we'll come\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561#t=1560.0,1590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561/transcript/20797/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"together, and I'll be happy, and I'll be maybe lucky to have children or one\nchild even.\" But I didn't know nothing. When he found out too from somebody that\ncame from Kovno, from Lithuania, and they saw me, then they came to him and told\nhim. He was in . . . in a hospital. They said, \"You know ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561#t=1590.0,1620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561/transcript/20797/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what? I saw your wife.\"\nHe said, \"I cannot believe.\" He didn't believe them because I been a spoiled\nchild. With the parents, they didn't let me take a cup of tea by myself,\nnothing. \"How she made it?\" He could not believe it. \"Do you know her?\" \"Know\nher? I've been in her house and she was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561#t=1620.0,1650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561/transcript/20797/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there with Sam's wife. They been\ntogether in an apartment. She looks pretty good and she's working and\neverything.\" He will tell you how he run away from hospital. He's got a story to\ntell you because I don't want to tell his story. He'll be without a story. Then\nhe ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561#t=1650.0,1680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561/transcript/20797/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"came to meet me in Poland. I had a bad situation to go away from Russia. It's\nnot from Germany. You could go anywhere. But in Russia, if you came there, it's\n. . . Now, they're letting in people from Russia. In 1945, nobody could go out.\nIf you are there, you already there, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561#t=1680.0,1710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561/transcript/20797/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"forever. But I didn't have nothing to lose.\nPeople came to me and they told me, \"Here is a man what he's making false\npapers. Then you are a Greek; you're not Jewish. You wanted to go to your\ncountry back.\" Jews, they didn't want to let ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561#t=1710.0,1740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561/transcript/20797/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"out. I said, \"I'll do anything to\ngo away,\" because I found out . . . I don't want my husband now to come to\nRussia. He can come, but they would not let him out. Why we got to risk both of\nus? I risk by myself my life. I went to cross ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561#t=1740.0,1770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561/transcript/20797/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"borders--not by myself. We been in\na group--other girls too that they been with me and my cousins. We had to pay\nsomething to the man what he made us everything. We risk. If they would catch us\nby the border, they send us to another camp in Siberia. This happened already\none time. But I didn't ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561#t=1770.0,1800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561/transcript/20797/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have any life not to do this, and to stay there, and to\nlook for another husband. When I found out that he's alive, then I said, \"Well,\nmy luck was still now a little. Maybe this will be the luck too.\" I came to the\nborder and he opened the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561#t=1800.0,1830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561/transcript/20797/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"gate and he let us go. When I crossed the border,\neverything was lucky. He came to meet me in Poland. He found out and he said\nhe's got at least to come to Poland. When I arrived with my friends to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561#t=1830.0,1860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561/transcript/20797/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Poland,\nit was like . . . I don't know . . . people watched, Polish people. They say,\n\"Palestine . . . Palestine came.\" It was such a . . . We started so much to cry\nand to . . . when we seen each other. Polish people stayed there in the market.\nWe met in the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561#t=1860.0,1890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561/transcript/20797/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"market. He was there making business. He came and he started to\nmake a couple of dollars. He didn't have money. Everybody was looking. It was\ntragedy and not only tragedy, but it was happiness too, because we didn't\nbelieve . . . He didn't believe that I am alive and I didn't believe that he is\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561#t=1890.0,1920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561/transcript/20797/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"alive. Then we came shortly . . . I want to tell you when we had to go to\nGermany from Poland. There, they let us . . . Everybody could go where he wanted\nto, but if to immigrate somewhere, to the States, or to Israel, or to South\nAfrica, you've got to come to Germany. From Germany was a way to go ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561#t=1920.0,1950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561/transcript/20797/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"anywhere\nelse, with help or with affidavits or something. The Jewish Joint helped a lot.\nWe came to Germany. We been with his brother and his wife. We been very close\ntogether always. We lived in a one street, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561#t=1950.0,1980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561/transcript/20797/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"separate apartments. I decided and he\ndecided, \"How about to try to have a child?\" I said, \"Well, I don't know if I am\nable. I've got to go to a doctor.\" We went to an ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561#t=1980.0,2010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561/transcript/20797/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"old doctor and he says, \"Tell\nme, honey. Tell me the story of what happened to you.\" I told him what, how we\nbeen separated, and we been in concentration camps, and they took away from me\none child. I had him in 1938, my child. \"Now I'm still ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561#t=2010.0,2040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561/transcript/20797/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"young to have a child,\nbut I want to check and to see if I'm able.\" Lots of people what I heard, women\nnot able to after the concentration camp. He checked me and he says, \"Honey, I\ndon't see nothing wrong with you. I would like for you to try. G-d will help\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561#t=2040.0,2070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561/transcript/20797/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you. You lost one child and G-d will help you with the twins.\" I said, \"Well,\nI'll be happy with one child, but if I am able . . . Sure, we'll try.\" Of\ncourse, we did it. We tried and I got pregnant. The doctor told me, \"I want you\nto come every month, every two ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561#t=2070.0,2100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561/transcript/20797/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"months, to check.\" I came when I been ready in\nthe fifth month again for a checkup. I see the doctor is so . . . He's watching\nme with the stethoscope on each side. I started to get ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561#t=2100.0,2130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561/transcript/20797/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"tears in my eyes. I said,\n\"Doctor, did you hear the baby?\" He says, \"Don't worry, I hear two hearts\nbeating. You've got twins.\" Like he would be like a genius, I don't know, to\ngive me such a hope, \"You'll have twins ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561#t=2130.0,2160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561/transcript/20797/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because you lost one.\" I had a son and a\ndaughter after nine months. They were normal and a good six pounds each. It was\nwonderful children. I thought, \"G-d was good to me, to us both.\" G-d gave us\nwonderful children what we can tell ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561#t=2160.0,2190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561/transcript/20797/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"them the terrible story what happened to us.\nThey will never forget, our children. This is the story. It's still a lot to\ntalk about, but you cannot tell ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561#t=2190.0,2220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561/transcript/20797/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"everything what happened. You cannot . . . Every\nday was another tragedy. Every day was terrible, what you heard, what they did,\nin ghetto what they did. They killed so many people, cut their heads, rabbis.\nThey cut their heads and put in the windows. How you can forget ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561#t=2220.0,2250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561/transcript/20797/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this? Who can\nbelieve this? If we would not be here . . . G-d gave us really strength and\nhealth to have the time to tell our story, because we are not young. My husband\nis 85. I am 80. Yesterday I had my eighty-first birthday. It was my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561#t=2250.0,2280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561/transcript/20797/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"birthday.\nThe children have been so proud of us that we could tell everything for them\nwhat happened in such a terrible, normal life. Germany was so popular, so\neducated people. So many . . . We used to, from Lithuania, if somebody had ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561#t=2280.0,2310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561/transcript/20797/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a bad\nsickness or they needed a very serious operation, they had to go to Koenigsburg,\nto Berlin, because there was the doctors, there was everything, the educated\npeople where they knew what to do and everything. These people did such things.\nIt's ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561#t=2310.0,2340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561/transcript/20797/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"unreal, inhuman. Who would believe it? If we're telling these stories for\nsomebody, they don't believe it. They said, \"How can this be?\" But we got . . .\nnot only they got to believe us, we had witnesses. We had witnesses from\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561#t=2340.0,2370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561/transcript/20797/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"America. General Eisenhower liberated Dachau and he came to the camps then. He\nwas staying with them. These people were standing around him and wanted to . . .\npolice and everybody. \"You don't have to watch me here. I don't have here\nenemies. The ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561#t=2370.0,2400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561/transcript/20797/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jews will not kill me.\" He came and he . . . not only him; but it\nwas more people, what they came from the government. They knew and they saw the\nterrible things, the crematoriums where they burned everyone: Isaac's parents,\nIsaac's brothers, my husband's ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561#t=2400.0,2430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561/transcript/20797/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"three brothers and two sisters. No, three sisters\nand three brothers got burned in the ovens and the parents. They killed them in\nspecial places. I don't know if this is luck or what, but we been lucky. They\nsent us to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561#t=2430.0,2460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561/transcript/20797/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"work and we made it, but six million didn't make it. This is our\ntragedy, what we will never forget for the six million. We won't. We are the\nwitnesses. We want everybody to know and to remember not to repeat ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561#t=2460.0,2490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561/transcript/20797/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this again.\nThat is what I can tell.\n\nINTERVIEWER: Thank you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561#t=2490.0,2520.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561/annotation_set/241","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Annotations [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561/annotation_set/241/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eKovno (Yiddish: Kovne, Kovna, Kovni; Polish:  Kowno; German:  Kaunas and Kauen) is is a city in south-central Lithuania. Between 1920 and 1939, it was the country's capital and largest city. Prior to the Second World War, Kovno had a significant Jewish population of 35,000-40,000, about one-fourth of the city's total population. Kovno had a rich Jewish culture with almost 100 Jewish organizations, 40 synagogues, many Yiddish schools, 4 Hebrew high schools, a Jewish hospital, and scores of Jewish-owned businesses.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561/annotation_set/241/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRachel's father was Israel Lager.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561/annotation_set/241/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRachel's mother was Chassa Lager.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561/annotation_set/241/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWhen the war started on September 1, 1939 Kovno was annexed by the Russians who then turned it back over to Lithuania.  In 1940 the Russians re-occupied the area. They remained until June 24, 1941 when the Germans attacked the Soviet Union and took the area over. Immediately before and following the German occupation of the city on June 24, 1941, bands of Lithuanians went on bloody rampages against the Jews, attacking and brutally murdering hundreds of Jews in Kovno and the suburb of Slobodka.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561#t=180.0,210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561/annotation_set/241/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIn July 1941, German authorities ordered the Jews in Kovno to relocate to a designated area. On August 15, 1941, the Jews of Kovno were forced into a ghetto in the suburb of Slobodka and it was closed encircling nearly 30,000 Jews. A poorer section of the city known as Slobodka in Yiddish or Vilijampolė in Lithuanian that was in the northern part of town and had previously housed only 8,000 people would now house approximately 35,000.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561#t=240.0,270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561/annotation_set/241/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe first action undertaken after the Kovno ghetto was sealed occurred on August 18, 1941 in what became known as the “Intellectuals Action.” The ghetto leaders were told to pick out five hundred men from the intelligentsia who were to be put to light, professional work in the city. As the selection of people for forced labor had become a norm by then, the order did not initially raise suspicion. In all, 534 young men were taken out of the ghetto under heavy guard and never returned.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561#t=330.0,360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561/annotation_set/241/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThousands of Jews in the Kovno ghetto had been murdered in two large actions that took place in September and October 1941. Then, in the “Great Aktion” of October 28, 1941, all the remaining Jews were told to assemble in the central square of the ghetto. There they were separated by the Germans and by the end of the day 9,200 Jews, about 30 percent of the ghetto, were taken to a nearby fort and shot. Thereafter life in the ghetto for the remaining 17,500 Jews settled down somewhat and stumbled along until November 1943 when the ghetto was turned into a labor camp known as the Kauen concentration camp with a string of smaller camps attached to it.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561#t=360.0,390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561/annotation_set/241/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTo assist in managing the large communities within ghettos, German authorities installed a hierarchy of Jewish administrative units under their control. A \u003cem\u003eJudischer Ordnungsdienst\u003c/em\u003e [German: Jewish Ghetto Police; also known as the OD], was established by the Germans to keep order in occupied areas and often were responsible for rounding up Jews selected for forced labor or deportation. They were often referred to as the “Jewish Police.” \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561#t=390.0,420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561/annotation_set/241/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOn March 27, 1944, in the Children’s \u003cem\u003eAktion\u003c/em\u003e, the Kovno ghetto’s remaining children under the age of 12 were rounded up. During the two-day action, German troops and Ukrainian auxiliaries went from house to house tearing the children from their parent’s arms. The 1,300 victims of the \"Children's Action\" were either shot at a nearby Fort or deported to Auschwitz-Birkenau, where they were gassed. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561#t=510.0,540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561/annotation_set/241/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOn July 8, 1944, the Kovno labor camp/Kauen concentration camp was liquidated as the Russians drew near and the remaining Jews were evacuated to the west.  The women were sent to Stutthof concentration camp and the men went to Dachau and other camps in Germany.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561#t=660.0,690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561/annotation_set/241/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEstablished on March 22, 1933, Dachau was the first concentration camp established by the Nazi regime. It was located in southern Germany near the town of Dachau, about 10 miles northwest of Munich. Over 188,000 prisoners passed through Dachau between 1933 and 1945. Prisoners at Dachau were used as forced laborers and thousands were literally worked to death. Between 1940 and 1945, at least 28,000 died there as a result of the harsh, overcrowded conditions, medical experiments, and executions. When American troops liberated the camp on April 29, 1945, they found thousands of dead and dying prisoners as well as more than 30 railroad cars filled with decomposing bodies that had been brought to Dachau and abandoned. However, Isaac Wise had been among the approximately 7,000 prisoners forced south on a death march just three days earlier. During the six-day death march, anyone who could not keep up or continue was shot. Many others died of exposure, hunger, or exhaustion. Isaac and the surviving prisoners reached Tegernsee, Germany on May 2, 1945 and were soon liberated by American troops.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561#t=690.0,720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561/annotation_set/241/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEstablished on March 22, 1933, Dachau was the first concentration camp established by the Nazi regime. It was located in southern Germany near the town of Dachau, about 10 miles northwest of Munich. Over 188,000 prisoners passed through Dachau between 1933 and 1945. Prisoners at Dachau were used as forced laborers and thousands were literally worked to death. Between 1940 and 1945, at least 28,000 died there as a result of the harsh, overcrowded conditions, medical experiments, and executions. When American troops liberated the camp on April 29, 1945, they found thousands of dead and dying prisoners as well as more than 30 railroad cars filled with decomposing bodies that had been brought to Dachau and abandoned. However, Isaac Wise had been among the approximately 7,000 prisoners forced south on a death march just three days earlier. During the six-day death march, anyone who could not keep up or continue was shot. Many others died of exposure, hunger, or exhaustion. Isaac and the surviving prisoners reached Tegernsee, Germany on May 2, 1945 and were soon liberated by American troops.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561#t=1020.0,1050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561/annotation_set/241/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIt is unclear where Rachel was liberated, but Stutthof itself was evacuated as the Russians neared in the fall of 1944. The evacuation of the nearly 50,000 prisoners from the Stutthof camp system began in January 1945. The evacuations took place in a blinding snowstorm and frigid temperatures.  It has been estimated that over 25,000 prisoners, one in two, died during the evacuation from Stutthof and its sub-camps. About 5,000 prisoners from Stutthof sub-camps were marched to the Baltic Sea coast, forced into the water, and machine-gunned. The rest of the prisoners were marched in the direction of Lauenburg in eastern Germany. Advancing Soviet forces cut them off. The Germans forced the surviving prisoners back to Stutthof. Marching in severe winter conditions and treated brutally by SS guards, thousands died during the march. Of the 11,000 prisoners driven out on the death march, nearly 7,000 died on the way. The Russians liberated the camp on May 9, 1945. About 2,000 women, mostly Jews, were still alive and about 2,500 men. All told, about 110,000 registered prisoners passed through the camp of which about 65,000 perished. Some sources say the number is higher.  \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561#t=1050.0,1080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561/annotation_set/241/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBrest (also known as Brest-Litovsk) is a border town in the southwest corner of Belarus near Poland. Prior to World War II, the city was Polish with a large Jewish population and known as ‘Brzesc Litewski.’ After World War II, it became part of the Soviet Union.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561#t=1080.0,1110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561/annotation_set/241/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLiberators camp survivors were often so weak, emaciated, or sick that thousands died in the weeks after liberation. After liberation, camp survivors faced a long and difficult road to recovery. Eating foods that were too rich or complex for survivors’ bodies to handle could exasperate years of malnutrition and starvation, resulting in sickness or death.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561#t=1110.0,1140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561/annotation_set/241/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAfter Germany’s surrender in 1945, Soviet troops occupied most of Eastern Europe, including Poland and Lithuania. As Soviet power and influence expanded, a communist dictatorship was established under Josef Stalin, who led the Soviet Union from the mid–1920s until 1953. After liberation, many Jewish survivors encountered manifestations of antisemitism, hostility, and violence from the local populations when they returned home. In postwar Poland, for, example, there were a number of pogroms (violent anti-Jewish riots). In 1946, a surge of Jewish survivors and refugees from the Soviet Union flooded into the western Allies’ zones, hoping to escape the anti-Jewish violence and further persecution from Stalin’s regime. As a result of post-war negotiations between the Allies and Soviet authorities, it was initially agreed that all Soviet citizens would be repatriated to the Soviet Union. A policy of forced repatriation gave displaced persons (DPs) no choice and many were forcibly sent home, where they were often sent to labor camps of the Gulag or drafted into the army, while others faced issues of postwar rebuilding and antisemitism. As wartime relations deteriorated and the Cold War emerged, however, the Allies no longer supported Soviet demands for repatriation. Soviet operatives began using both legal and covert methods of deception, kidnapping, bribery, and threats to force repatriation of Soviet nationals in order to curb a concentration of anti-communist political expatriates in the West. For people fleeing Soviet controlled countries, crossing borders became increasingly difficult and dangerous.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561#t=1200.0,1230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561/annotation_set/241/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSiberia is an extensive geographical region in Russia that extends eastward to become what is often referred to as ‘North Asia.’ It is a sparsely populated area with long, cold winters. The majority of Soviet forced labor camps (gulags) in the 1930’s through 1950’s were in remote areas of northeastern Siberia. The Siberian labor camps were used as a form of political repression and prisoners were often worked to death.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561#t=1770.0,1800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561/annotation_set/241/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAn Affidavit of Support and Sponsorship was among the criteria applicants seeking an entry visa into the United States during the 1930s and 1940s had to meet. This required two sponsors who were United States citizens or had permanent resident status. Sponsors had to provide proof of their financial status (Federal tax returns and an affidavit from their bank and employer) to ensure that the immigrants would not become dependent upon social welfare programs. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561#t=1950.0,1980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561/annotation_set/241/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee (commonly called “the Joint”) is a worldwide Jewish relief organization established in New York in 1914. After World War II, the Joint provided desperately needed supplies and necessities to survivors inside and outside of DP camps in Eastern Europe, Hungary, Poland and Romania.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561#t=1950.0,1980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561/annotation_set/241/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIsaac’s brother, Sam Wise, and his wife, Ida (Baron) Wise, were the only other survivors from Isaac’s family. Sam and Ida later immigrated to the United States and settled in Atlanta, Georgia as well. The Breman Museum holds oral histories and other artifacts for Sam and Ida in their collections.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561#t=1950.0,1980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561/annotation_set/241/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eKönigsberg is the name for a historic city that was a cultural and administrative center of Prussia and the German Empire. After 1945, the city was called Kaliningrad and became part of the Soviet Union. Today it is the capital of the Russian province of the same name, sandwiched between Poland and Lithuania along the Baltic Coast.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561#t=2310.0,2340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561/annotation_set/241/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDwight David Eisenhower (1890-1969) was a five-star general in the United States Army during World War II and served as Supreme Commander of the Allied Forces in Europe before later serving as the 34th President of the United States from 1953 until 1961.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561#t=2370.0,2400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561/annotation_set/241/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRachel is referring to Eisenhower’s visit to Ohrdruf, a subcamp of Buchenwald near the town of Gotha, Germany. Ohrdruf was the first camp liberated by American troops, about three weeks before American troops liberated Dachau. When the soldiers of the 4th Armored Division entered the camp on April 6, 1945, they discovered vast piles of emaciated, half burned prisoners who had been too weak to be evacuated on a death march. The ghastly nature of their discovery led General Dwight D. Eisenhower to visit the camp on April 12 along with Generals George S. Patton and Omar Bradley. The visit made a powerful impact on Eisenhower, who immediately requested delegations of journalists and members of Congress be sent to the liberated camps so that they could document and publicize the atrocities.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561#t=2370.0,2400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561/annotation_set/241/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Holocaust is the best documented case of genocide, yet calculating how many individuals were killed during the Holocaust and World War II as a result of Nazi policies is difficult as no single document exists which spells out how many died. To accurately estimate the extent of human losses, scholars, governmental agencies and Jewish organizations since the 1940’s have relied on a variety of records including census reports, captured archives, and postwar investigations. The best and most commonly accepted estimate of Jewish victims is six million.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561#t=2460.0,2490.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561/index/47340","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Wise, Rachel [Index]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561/index/47340/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Family History and Early Life","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561#t=60.0,195.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561/index/47340/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I had a father, and mother, and a sister. Sister went away really young. She married. She went to South Africa and we lost her. She died. She was sick. I've been like one child and my parents been very protective and wonderful, like they have one little girl in the house. ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561#t=60.0,195.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561/index/47340/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Chassa Lager","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Israel Lager","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Kovno, Lithuania","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"South Africa","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Teacher","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561#t=60.0,195.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561/index/47340/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The Germans Arrive and Situations Worsen for the Jews","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561#t=195.0,258.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561/index/47340/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was really a wonderful life in Lithuania, but when the Germans came over, then started the bad things for the Jewish, for us. They took away, first of all, us from the homes, from the apartments. We lived very nicely.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561#t=195.0,258.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561/index/47340/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Issac Wise","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lithuania","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Nazis","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561#t=195.0,258.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561/index/47340/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Life in the Ghetto","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561#t=258.0,677.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561/index/47340/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They took us to the ghetto. Then started very, very bad for us. They didn't . . . We had to stay in line to get bread, to get food. We didn't have what we needed and how much we needed.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561#t=258.0,677.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561/index/47340/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Children's Aktion","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ghetto","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish Police","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jobs","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Taking the Children","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561#t=258.0,677.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561/index/47340/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Sent to Stutthof Concentration Camp","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561#t=677.0,989.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561/index/47340/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Then, they send us in later. We had to go to the camps. In the ghetto, we still been with families, but then we been separated. My parents been separated. My mother was with me together. They send me with my mother in a camp.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561#t=677.0,989.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561/index/47340/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Appell","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Chassa Lager","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Concentration Camps","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Dachau Concentration Camp","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Number Tattoos","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Stutthof Concentration Camp","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Women's Camp","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561#t=677.0,989.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561/index/47340/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Liberated from Stutthof and Living in Russia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561#t=989.0,1412.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561/index/47340/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I say you've got to have luck in life. In Yiddish, you say mazel. The mazel was with us very good because I met my husband. This is a story for yourself because maybe he will tell you how we met. I didn't know from him and he didn't know from me. I came back. I had the Russian people free me because I had been in the Polish territory in a camp and he was in the German territory in Dachau.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561#t=989.0,1412.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561/index/47340/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"American Army","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Brest-Litovsk, Russia (Belarus)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Dachau Concentration Camp","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Germany","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hospital","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lithuania","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Mazel","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Polish Territory","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Russian Army","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"South Africa","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Stutthof Concentration Camp","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561#t=989.0,1412.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561/index/47340/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Returning to Kovno and Hearing about her Husband","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561#t=1412.0,1677.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561/index/47340/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Then they told me, \"We'll take you to home, where you wanted to go, Kovno.\" Then was a chapter again. I came. I didn't find nobody. I don't know for my husband. I don't know for my parents, if they are alive or they are dead. I knew my mother was with me, but I didn't know if my father is alive. I start to work. They gave me a job in a factory from cookies to work. Then I been a nice citizen because I was working.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561#t=1412.0,1677.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561/index/47340/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Isaac Wise","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Kovno, Lithuania","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Russia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Russian Territory","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Work","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561#t=1412.0,1677.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561/index/47340/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Going to Poland and Reuniting with her Husband","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561#t=1677.0,1921.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561/index/47340/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Then he came to meet me in Poland. I had a bad situation to go away from Russia. It's not from Germany. You could go anywhere. But in Russia, if you came there, it's . . . Now, they're letting in people from Russia. In 1945, nobody could go out. If you are there, you already there, forever. But I didn't have nothing to lose.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561#t=1677.0,1921.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561/index/47340/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Border Crossing","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Isaac Wise","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jews","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Palestine","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Poland","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Russia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561#t=1677.0,1921.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561/index/47340/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Going to Germany to Immigrate","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561#t=1921.0,1985.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561/index/47340/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Then we came shortly . . . I want to tell you when we had to go to Germany from Poland. There, they let us . . . Everybody could go where he wanted to, but if to immigrate somewhere, to the States, or to Israel, or to South Africa, you've got to come to Germany. From Germany was a way to go anywhere else, with help or with affidavits or something.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561#t=1921.0,1985.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561/index/47340/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Affidavits","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Germany","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Immigration","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561#t=1921.0,1985.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561/index/47340/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Trying for a Child","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561#t=1985.0,2212.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561/index/47340/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I decided and he decided, \"How about to try to have a child?\" I said, \"Well, I don't know if I am able. I've got to go to a doctor.\" We went to an old doctor and he says, \"Tell me, honey. Tell me the story of what happened to you.\" I told him what, how we been separated, and we been in concentration camps, and they took away from me one child. I had him in 1938, my child.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561#t=1985.0,2212.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561/index/47340/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Child","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Concentration Camps","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Twins","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561#t=1985.0,2212.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561/index/47340/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Unforgettable Nazi Actions and Witnesses","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561#t=2212.0,2497.41"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561/index/47340/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's still a lot to talk about, but you cannot tell everything what happened. You cannot . . . Every day was another tragedy. Every day was terrible, what you heard, what they did, in ghetto what they did. They killed so many people, cut their heads, rabbis. They cut their heads and put in the windows. How you can forget this?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561#t=2212.0,2497.41"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561/index/47340/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Berlin, Germany","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Crematoriums","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Dachau","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Educated People","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"General Dwight D. Eisenhower","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Germany","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ghetto","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Liberation","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lithuania","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Nazis","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rabbis","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Tragedy","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Witnesses","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31840/file/100561#t=2212.0,2497.41"}]}]}]}