{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/dz02z1393s/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Grinzaid, Anna Mintzer"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["2011-11-07 (creation)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Language"]},"value":{"en":["English (primary)","Russian (tertiary)","Yiddish (tertiary)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["Video"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAnna Grinzaid interviewed by Sandra Berman and Ruth Einstein on November 7, 2011 in Atlanta, Georgia. Anna's husband, Samuel Grinzaid, can also be heard answering questions during the interview.\u003c/p\u003e (general)","\u003cp\u003eThe interview covers the time between 1928 (the year of her birth) and 1979 (the year of her official emigration to the United States). She recounts many challenges which she and her family had endured during World war II including being evacuated out of the war zone twice (once away from Odessa inland to the city of Kharkov and the second time out of the Ukraine entirely to the coast of the Caspian Sea in the Republic of Uzbekistan). She had first Job at a garment factory in Tashkent, Uzbekistan. at the age of fifteen. She later returned to Odessa at the age of sixteen and learned that her extended family (two aunts and a grandmother) had been murdered during the war. She married for the first time At the age of seventeen and that marriage resulted in the birth of her oldest son. She met and married her current husband Samuel Grinzaid (a Nuclear Machine design engineer) at the age of twenty-two. Together they have a son named Jimmy. She further describes how she, Samuel and Jimmy had emigrated to the United States in 1979 with the help of HIAS (the Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society). She also describes the feeling of celebrating the Jewish High Holidays such as Purim, Passover and Hanukkah in the US for the first time ever.\u003c/p\u003e (scope content)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source Metadata URI"]},"value":{"en":["https://archivesspace.thebreman.org/repositories/2/archival_objects/28412"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject"]},"value":{"en":["Odessa, Ukraine (geographic term)","World War II (named event)","Antisemitism (topical term)","Immigration (topical term)","Atlanta (Ga.) (geographic term)"]}}],"summary":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAnna Grinzaid interviewed by Sandra Berman and Ruth Einstein on November 7, 2011 in Atlanta, Georgia. Anna's husband, Samuel Grinzaid, can also be heard answering questions during the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe interview covers the time between 1928 (the year of her birth) and 1979 (the year of her official emigration to the United States). She recounts many challenges which she and her family had endured during World war II including being evacuated out of the war zone twice (once away from Odessa inland to the city of Kharkov and the second time out of the Ukraine entirely to the coast of the Caspian Sea in the Republic of Uzbekistan). She had first Job at a garment factory in Tashkent, Uzbekistan. at the age of fifteen. She later returned to Odessa at the age of sixteen and learned that her extended family (two aunts and a grandmother) had been murdered during the war. She married for the first time At the age of seventeen and that marriage resulted in the birth of her oldest son. She met and married her current husband Samuel Grinzaid (a Nuclear Machine design engineer) at the age of twenty-two. Together they have a son named Jimmy. She further describes how she, Samuel and Jimmy had emigrated to the United States in 1979 with the help of HIAS (the Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society). She also describes the feeling of celebrating the Jewish High Holidays such as Purim, Passover and Hanukkah in the US for the first time ever.\u003c/p\u003e"]},"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/111/502/small/Anna_Grinzaid.png?1619298668","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - Grinzaid_Anna.mp4"]},"duration":9154.954,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/111/502/small/Anna_Grinzaid.png?1619298668","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-thebreman.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/111/502/original/Grinzaid_Anna.mp4?1618583210","type":"Video","format":"video/mp4","duration":9154.954,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Grinzaid_Anna [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Today is November 7, 2011 and I am here with Anna Grinzaid I hope I am\npronouncing that correctly.\n\nGRINZAID: Correct.\n\nBERMAN: who has agreed to participate in the Esther and Herbert Taylor Oral\nHistory Project of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum, as well as the\nLegacy Project, as well as our Russian Project, and we're so thrilled that you\nare participating. My name is Sandy Berman, I'm the archivist here. I'd like to\nbegin ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by talking a little bit about your earliest years, your earliest memories.\nIf you could tell me where you were born and what year?\n\nGRINZAID: I was born in Odessa, Ukraine, in 1928.\n\nBERMAN: Can you tell me your parents' names and what your parents did for a living?\n\nGRINZAID: Yes, my parents my mama was Tzilla Naumovna, her father was Naum. This\nwas how we pronounce ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"our name and middle name.\n\nBERMAN: Can you spell that please?\n\nGRINZAID: Tzilla I forgot how I...\n\nEINSTEIN: T-S-I-L-L-A. Tzilla.\n\nBERMAN: Thank you.\n\nGRINZAID: T-Z T-Z Tzilla. My Father was Naum.\n\nEINSTEIN: So, it would be N-A-U-M-O-V-N-A.\n\nGRINZAID: And Kupershmidt.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=60.0,90.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Thank you.\n\nGRINZAID: Kupershmidt. It was her maiden name. But as my mother she was Mintzer,\nM-I-N-T-Z-E-R. Mintzer.\n\nBERMAN: Very good. What did...\n\nGRINZAID: My father was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=90.0,120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Moritz Moriz Mihel Mintzer.\n\nBERMAN: What did he do in Odessa? What was his job, career?\n\nGRINZAID: My father was born in Vienna, Austria. He came to Odessa with the\nGerman Army in 1920. He was a schneider [Yiddish: tailor]. He was in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=120.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"army, then met my mama she\nwas a daughter of schneider [Yiddish: tailor] he met my mama, fell in love, asked the Soviet\ngovernment had]already began for permission to stay, got citizenship, married\nher, and that's it. My mama was a daughter oldest daughter of her father was schneider.\n\nBERMAN: Tailor. A tailor.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=150.0,180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"GRINZAID: Tailor schneider in Jewish [Yiddish].\n\nBERMAN: Yes.\n\nGRINZAID: She did not work before they got married. A few years later, eight\nyears later, I was born. The only one child.\n\nBERMAN: What are some of your memories of growing up in Odessa? ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=180.0,210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What was it like\nbeing Jewish in the Ukraine, in Odessa?\n\nGRINZAID: So, to tell you the truth, I was a child, I even did not understand\nthat I was Jewish. What is the difference between Jewish and other\nnationalities? Because I was a child. In my apartment, my mama and my father,\nthey were talking only Jewish [Yiddish] ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=210.0,240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because my father did not know Russian.\nSo, they talk only Jewish [Yiddish]. I did not know it is bad to be Jewish in\nRussia until war started.\n\nBERMAN: Where did you go to school?\n\nGRINZAID: Just the usual school.\n\nBERMAN: Jewish school.\n\nGRINZAID: No. Jewish school in Russia? What are you talking about?\n\nBERMAN: They had some they had some, I know in...\n\nGRINZAID: I even did not know about it. Just a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=240.0,270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"regular school. No Jewish. No\nYiddish. No nothing. Russian and Ukrainian. That's it. Until fourth grade. In\nfourth grade we started German language as a foreign language. And that's it.\n\nBERMAN: So, you had non-Jewish friends when you were in school?\n\nGRINZAID: Actually, I had all my friends were Jewish. Actually, in Odessa ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=270.0,300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"very\nmuch population of Jewish. Jewish population was big one. So, I had Russian, I\nhad Jewish. It was not different. But my closest girlfriends, friends, they were\nJewish, it happened. I did not make any difference. I did not know.\n\nBERMAN: I know you were young when ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=300.0,330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Odessa became occupied...\n\nGRINZAID: Yeah.\n\nBERMAN: But do you remember, can you describe what it was like when the\nRomanians came in?\n\nA. GRINZAID: I cannot describe. We escaped before Odessa was occupied. My mama and\nmy papa, we got a ticket. It happened this way. When the Germans started the war\nOdessa from very first day ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=330.0,360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"started bombs. Months or two months later, I don't\nremember. [speaking to Sam, her husband] What months you were out, August? From\nOdessa what months did you escape Odessa? July?\n\nS. GRINZAID: July.\n\nA. GRINZAID: July.\n\nS. GRINZAID: Probably.\n\nGRINZAID: Me too. Us too. We escaped, so who has ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=360.0,390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"permission? You had to have\ntickets you had to have permission to go out. Who can take those permission\n[and] escape those who could not had to stay in Odessa? But what I know about\noccupation because my grandma, my auntie, and my cousin, her youngest daughter,\ncould not escape. They did not have ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=390.0,420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"permission. They had permission my father\ngave them permission from his work, but they could not leave Odessa, because it\nwas so many bombs. My auntie couldn't leave, she talked to her young daughter,\nfive years old, \"Maya, Maya, cover me. I am afraid, cover me.\" She wants her\ndaughter to cover her, she was so afraid. So, she said, \"I am not going nowhere.\nWhat is ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=420.0,450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"going to be with everybody will be with me.\" So, she stayed in Odessa,\nbecause of she, my grandma stayed with her, and my little cousin, her daughter.\nHer husband was defending Odessa from the Germans and he got killed before the\nGermans came a few days. Because they stayed, they got killed. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=450.0,480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They got killed\nbrutally. But from the words of my neighbors in Odessa. People lived in\nbuildings, in apartments called dvor a few buildings around like in New York.\nOur neighbors, Russian neighbors who survive, they told me everything. When\nRomanians came, they got them in jail, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=480.0,510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"kept them for a few days, and let them go\nhome. They came home. Their apartment was already occupied by greedy Russian\npeople, neighbors. So, they all came in one little room. When the Germans came,\nthey called all Jewish it was a list. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=510.0,540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One day it was winter already it was 40\ndegree Celsius how much it is in Fahrenheit when you spit the water comes out as\nice this much cold. They called, \"Everybody must go outside on the street.\" So,\nthey took their ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=540.0,570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"children, a little belonging \"just some things,\" the Romanians\nsaid. A little belonging. They were marching by foot to the end of Odessa, where\na train station was. They put them all 1,000 they put them all in train carts\nboxcars train who takes ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=570.0,600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not passenger train who takes animals, and all this puts\nthem in those carts. The Germans took pipes hoses] with water and did spew.\n\nBERMAN: They sprayed...\n\nGRINZAID: those carts became a big ice cube. They were screaming ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=600.0,630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and yelling\nsome of our neighbors they liked my grandma and auntie, so they went after them\nand watched it. Nobody said word. But we survived, because we got on the ship he\nlast ship who left Odessa. My mama also got on the ship before their ship. They\nleft ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=630.0,660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Odessa and they took all of us in different places. Sam was in Tiberius\ncountry somewhere, yeah? With the parents. I was in Kavkáz. It is, Kavkáz\nwhere Kazaks live.\n\nBERMAN: Kazakhstan.\n\nGRINZAID: Kazakhs live.\n\nBERMAN: Can you describe your escape?\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=660.0,690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"GRINZAID: My escape. So, as I said, before this started, I did not escape with\nmy parents, because one week before war started it was June 15. My uncle who\ncame from camping was arrested he was arrested in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=690.0,720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"1937. He could not live in\nOdessa. They live[d] in another city. He wanted to see me. I was his favorite\nniece. So, he called my mom and he said, \"Put Anya in the train.\" To train\nprovodník, car provodník. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=720.0,750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Who takes care of...\n\nBERMAN: The conductor?\n\nGRINZAID: The conductor. Forgot the word. So, he said, \"Take. let her taking\ncare of a little girl.\" Meantime in this city, it was a few hours to ride. My\nuncle would meet it. So, my uncle met me, and together with his daughter, they\nput us in a forest camp for children. It was June 15. Whole week one week ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=750.0,780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we\nwere staying there. [The] war started on June 22. When war started, the military\nthey took my uncle in prison right away, because he was politician, they did not\ntrust politician who was staying in . . .\n\nBERMAN: This was the Romanians?\n\nGRINZAID: No.\n\nBERMAN: It was Germany?\n\nGRINZAID: Soviet.\n\nBERMAN: Soviet.\n\nGRINZAID: Soviet. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=780.0,810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was not even the Romanians and Germans came. Soviet right\naway, KGB right away they took my uncle. My auntie was left with two little\ngirls. We did not know what to do. So, one day, two or three weeks later,\nsoldiers came and knocked in every window. They said, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=810.0,840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"We are Soviet army, we\nare leaving city. So, all of you, especially Jewish, you know what going to\nhappen to you. Take your belongings, as little as you could and run away. The\nlast train goes from train station.\" So my auntie put something on me a little\nclothing with one change ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=840.0,870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and her daughter. My auntie was already sitting in this\ntrain the train was already start running. My cousin and I even could not jump\non. Soldiers who was on this train were sitting on the stairs on a car. They\nsaid, \"Let's go, let's go! Give us your hands!\" They just picked us up, all of\nus. They said, \"We are ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=870.0,900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not thinking we are going to survive,\" because every day,\nevery night, the Germans bombed all the trains. The pieces of human bodies was\nall around this way. So, we are just riding. We don't ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=900.0,930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"know when he Germans were\ngoing to come. Every train was bombed. Happens to be our train just squeezes\nthrough and it was not bombed because, they said to us later, they found a spy\nwho was making with light signals to planes to let ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=930.0,960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"them know where this train\nand they was bombed it. But they caught this spy. We just and we came. This is\nhow I escaped.\n\nBERMAN: Where did the train go?\n\nGRINZAID: It was going couldn't go to Odessa. Odessa was already closed. It. go\nin the middle of Russia. From Ukraine, to Russia, to Kuban. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=960.0,990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If it would be map,\nI would show you. Just in the middle of Russia. It was riding and took us in\nAugust or September we arrived. Took us to this place, to a little shtetl, where\nit was not Jewish. The Kazakhs, they never saw, never heard about Jewish people.\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=990.0,1020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They put us all to every xáta. Xáta, it's a little...\n\nBERMAN: House?\n\nGRINZAID: A little building what's a building by themselves, each person\n\nBERMAN: like a little hut?\n\nGRINZAID: yes, like we have houses here, but it was from not even strong, it was from...\n\nBERMAN: Like mud?\n\nGRINZAID: Yeah, mud, with something. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=1020.0,1050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We lived there, and my papa was sewing for\neverybody in this little place. He did not take money. He was very good. He was\na tailor from Austria. In Austria he had already business. He had a little\nfactory and was having people who were working for him. He was perfect. They\nnever saw ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=1050.0,1080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"tailors like my papa was in Russia.\n\nBERMAN: How did your father end up where you were? Your father...\n\nGRINZAID: My father was fighting in the German army.\n\nBERMAN: But then he got to...\n\nGRINZAID: The army came in 1919 or 1920, I don't remember. 1919 or 1920.\n\nBERMAN: No, how did your father end up at the same town ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=1080.0,1110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as you were?\n\nGRINZAID: I forgot to tell you. When we came with auntie, my father and mama,\nthey were escaping Odessa by ship. Because Odessa did not have no more ways by\ntrain. Odessa was from three sides with Black Sea, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=1110.0,1140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"around...\n\nBERMAN: Surrounded...\n\nGRINZAID: So only one way by train. But it was already impossible to go by\ntrain. Only by ocean. By sea. So, they came by sea in next area like a state,\nlike we have Florida, the next state. My other auntie, mama's ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=1140.0,1170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"older sister, who\ngot killed in the war later she was staying in Kharkov, Ukraine, which was still\nours, Soviet. So, my auntie. this one wrote to Kharkov a letter saying where we\nare o my other auntie. My mama and papa wrote to her [in Kharkov and they stayed\nin another state. So, when my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=1170.0,1200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"auntie in Kharkov received those letters, she\nsends us others of my mama and papa and sent them. My mama and papa just jumped\non the train and came to us. This woman, with a little son, in her building she\nlet us all stay together. She gave us her bedroom. She has only one bedroom and\nkitchen. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=1200.0,1230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So, she put some wooden benches for everybody. We all women, girls and\nmy mama and my auntie, stayed in her bedroom. Her husband was killed on a war. I\neven remember her name.\n\nBERMAN: What was her name? I was just going to ask you that.\n\nGRINZAID: Yes, her name was Nura Anna. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=1230.0,1260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Anna Evanna Marchenka. Marchenka, the\nlast name. Her son was Kolya, two years old.\n\nBERMAN: Kolya?\n\nGRINZAID: Kolya, Nikolai, Nicholas.\n\nBERMAN: Nikolai. Oh, I see.\n\nGRINZAID: Short name Kolya.\n\nBERMAN: you stayed there for the...\n\nGRINZAID: Yes.\n\nBERMAN: until 1944?\n\nGRINZAID: My father No. Just one year.\n\nBERMAN: Just one year.\n\nGRINZAID: Later on, the Germans started going deeper, deeper, deeper, deeper.\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=1260.0,1290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They sent we call it desant it means lots of planes with army and tanks on it.\nWhen we stayed 60 kilometers from this little place they called to our\nadministration where my auntie start to work as a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=1290.0,1320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"bookkeeper. They called and\nthey said, \"You have immigration, you immigrants.\" It was from Leningrad,\nbecause Leningrad was already....\n\nBERMAN: Occupied.\n\nGRINZAID: Occupied no, it wasn't occupied.\n\nBERMAN: Surrounded.\n\nGRINZAID: Yes.\n\nBERMAN: Surrounded. Sieged.\n\nGRINZAID: We have five or six family and our administration from kolkhoz. Have\nyou ever heard about kolkhoz? Where is...\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=1320.0,1350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"EINSTEIN: A communal farm, it's a Russian farm a forest commune.\n\nGRINZAID: A Russian farm. Where everybody who worked did not get any money, just\nget bread or something and a little bit money, and manufacture. My papa sewed\neverything for everybody only for milk, eggs, and bread. We didn't get money.\nBut he needs to feed his family. Big family. So, he was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=1350.0,1380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sewing a little jackets,\nwarm jackets, and children and everything. So, each was bringing some milk, some\neggs, piece of bread, that's it. Then this administration said, \"We need to let\nyou go. The Germans come closer. They will be, maybe tomorrow, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=1380.0,1410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"here. Then you\nall got killed.\" It was five family. One from Poland, who came later after us.\nJewish of course, with two little children. The one couple from Leningrad, they\nliberated this occupation. We, two families, like me and auntie one more family,\nI don't remember who it was, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=1410.0,1440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"don't remember right now. They gave us two, I don't\nknow what bújvol . it's koróva not cow, but male cow, how you call it?\n\nBERMAN: A steer?\n\nGRINZAID: Yeah and...\n\nBERMAN: Oxen.\n\nGRINZAID: Yes.\n\nBERMAN: Bulls. Bull.\n\nGRINZAID: Bull, yes, yes. They gave us two they gave us three ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=1440.0,1470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"táčkee. Three\ntáčkee. With two...\n\nBERMAN: Carts.\n\nGRINZAID: Carts. We call it táčkee. Or in Russian táčka. Táčka. Arbá gave\nus a sack with flour, a piece of schmaltz, solo, a sack potatoes, and some\nkáša, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=1470.0,1500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"some káša\n\nBERMAN: I don't know what káša is.\n\nGRINZAID: Well, yeah, káša you know, what is it. You know, we call it grečka.\nBut it was something like barley, or something else like...\n\nBERMAN: Cereal, like?\n\nGRINZAID: a little bit onion, a little bit garlic. They said, \"Put it all put\nchildren above, and you go on foot. As soon you will go. How far will you ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=1500.0,1530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"go? We\ndon't know. We will give you, because we cannot let you just go like that. Take\nour cows. Do not let them, the Germans it's a big, I don't even remember how\nmany put them in front of you so how far ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=1530.0,1560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you will go you will save those cows\nand you will sell it safe.\" Two weeks we were going by foot. Mama and auntie\nmade from this flour we could not make fire, because the Germans were on our\nback. We were going only night time. We could not make it, but mama on daytime\nmade ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=1560.0,1590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a little blintze, and on the sun, she baked it. The same as Jewish escaped\nfrom Sinai or whatever. No fire and water, they gave us some some cup for water\nwhenever we see river. This is two weeks and it was very hard for everybody,\nespecially for my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=1590.0,1620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"papa, because he was wounded in the first war in 1914, the\nfirst war. He was wounded, and bullet sit next to his heart, in half of\nmillimeter. They could not operate on him because bullet would go, that's it. Of\ncourse, he was already 54 years old. They did not take this age to army first,\nuntil ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=1620.0,1650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"50 years only. Then we came to city where it's Makhachkala. It is Caspi[an] Sea...\n\nBERMAN: Caspian Sea.\n\nGRINZAID: Kaspíjskoje more, Caspian Sea. We gave whatever left from those cows\nand gave those táčkee. We were only two family left. All of them disappeared\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=1650.0,1680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"somewhere. They dropped everything and they said we will save ourselves how we\ncould. Then were only two. With one said we were giving I remember my mama ask,\n\"Give us the paper.\" We brought this we gave it everything, because she still\nworried about papers, to nobody would ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=1680.0,1710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"blame us for something. It was crazy. You\nshould see. Everybody, when we were walking, we were walking in a big...\n\nBERMAN: Line?\n\nA. GRINZAID: Yes. It was big, big, the bread, the flours, she needs it. It was\nthis, this high. So we were just hiding with our táčkee ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=1710.0,1740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and everybody, army,\non the cars, on the tanks, on the horses. They were...\n\nS. GRINZAID: Around.\n\nA. GRINZAID: Around no. They were...\n\nBERMAN: Going the...\n\nGRINZAID: Riding. They said, \"Where ever you are going on those cows. Look at\nus, we have cars. We have horses. Tanks. We are not ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=1740.0,1770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"thinking we will escape\nbecause Germany sits here.\" We said okay. So, we were hiding and step by step,\nand we came. The Germans weren't looking.\n\nBERMAN: What was the town you came?\n\nGRINZAID: Makhachkala.\n\nBERMAN: Can you spell that?\n\nGRINZAID: Mahach. M-A-H-A-C-H. Mahach, a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=1770.0,1800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"line, and --kala, K-A-L-A. Makhachkala.\nIt is, I forgot what state. Kazakhstan, no. Uzbek Tajikistan.\n\nBERMAN: Uzbekistan? Tajik\n\nGRINZAID: Uzbekistan no, no, no, no, no, no. Turkmenia?\n\nEINSTEIN: Turkmenistan.\n\nGRINZAID: Turkmenistan.\n\nBERMAN: Turk...\n\nGRINZAID: Probably, Turkmenistan. Of course, no German, no nothing. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=1800.0,1830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They said,\n\"Now, it is Caspi an Sea you will sit and wait, until ship will come and take\nyou. You will take a line.\" They brought us to beach. It was beach, like, your\nbackyard. Like your backyard. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=1830.0,1860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Beach. This beach 50,000 people was on this beach.\nIt was August. It was the same weather in August as here. On the beach under the\nsun little children. We were lying on the sand, line after line, day and night,\nall week. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=1860.0,1890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"My papa got sick in there. He got dysentery. Because it was hunger, we\nwere receiving a piece of bread like that once a day. Black, black, black like\nstone and one cup of soup. Once a day, for everybody. this soup I don't know\nwhat you saw ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=1890.0,1920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you were looking for a piece of potatoes or a little barley, or\nwhatever but soup. The line to bathrooms. It was one big bathroom. To get to\nthis bathroom 50,000 in this place if you need to go, you should stay from seven\no'clock to get at two o'clock ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=1920.0,1950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the bathroom. My papa got sick and when they\nactually put us on this ship, my papa was already sick. When we crossed Caspi an\nSea we came to, I don't remember which one, Baku or Makhachkala first?\n\nS. GRINZAID: Baku.\n\nA. GRINZAID: Baku. So first we came to Baku, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=1950.0,1980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Azerbaijan. Then we crossed this Caspi\nmore and we came to Makhachkala. From Makhachkala, by train they got us to\nUzbekistan. It was already Uzbekistan. It's us. Sam? He had another. He got more\nlucky in a better place. They took him to this place and they [stayed] all war\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=1980.0,2010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in this place. Then his papa came from army, they were together. But we were\nsomething . . .\n\nS. GRINZAID: I was with...\n\nA. GRINZAID: Yeah, he was witness\n\nS. GRINZAID: July 28\n\nGRINZAID: This is important.\n\nS. GRINZAID: 1941 year one vessel of our convoy was sunk ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=2010.0,2040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and 7,000 people, mostly\nJewish.\n\nA. GRINZAID: Yeah, who escaped Odessa.\n\nBERMAN: Yeah.\n\nS. GRINZAID: Sunk and survived only 312 people.\n\nA. GRINZAID: Yeah, and he was witness it.\n\nS. GRINZAID: I was on the other vessel and so it ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=2040.0,2070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was approximately 15 minutes to sink\n\nS. GRINZAID: It was mine under water. They got these mines.\n\nS. GRINZAID: Mines or torpedoes.\n\nBERMAN: Or torpedoes\n\nS. GRINZAID: At night of July 28 through 29.\n\nA. GRINZAID: 29.\n\nS. GRINZAID: Near Crimea, or south of Crimea.\n\nGRINZAID: Okay, that's it. But my family, back to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=2070.0,2100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"me, my family had ticket on this\nship, who he saw sank. They had tickets on this ship. They couldn't get there\nbecause ship took all their belonging and said, \"We're full. We can't take you.\"\nThey got belongings by this...\n\nBERMAN: By the...\n\nGRINZAID: Yeah.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=2100.0,2130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Nets.\n\nGRINZAID: And people were staying in line to get on these stairs. They said,\n\"We're full. We can't take\" One hundred sixty people left on the shore.\n\nBERMAN: On the shore.\n\nGRINZAID: The ship was gone. This is how they survived. This is what he saw sunk.\n\nBERMAN: Do you remember the name of the ship?\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=2130.0,2160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"GRINZAID: Lenin.\n\nBERMAN: Yenyin?\n\nGRINZAID: Yes, everybody knows. Lenin. Yes.\n\nBERMAN: Oh, Lenin, Lenin. Everything was \"Lenin.\"\n\nGRINZAID: Yes, everything. It was biggest ship.\n\nS. GRINZAID: on my computer article about this.\n\nA. GRINZAID: About the situation, yes.\n\nS. GRINZAID: In Russian, yes.\n\nA. GRINZAID: It's Lenin, everybody knew big, big, big passenger ship and sunk.\n\nBERMAN: I want...\n\nA. GRINZAID: 300 people left.\n\nBERMAN: I want to talk a little about ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=2160.0,2190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you've been giving a great history of what\nhappened, but if you could describe you were a young girl, can you describe how\nall this felt? How did you feel when all this was going on around you? Were you\n\nA. GRINZAID: You know, first we were seeking only how to survive, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=2190.0,2220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"only how to not\nto not get bombs on our heads. Later on, when we were far away from the Germans,\nwhole year when papa was there and before we escaped second time, we were not\nhungry. We were going to school. We were going three kilometers by foot. Me and\nmy cousin. We had ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=2220.0,2250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"each other, little girls, to school. Then suddenly the Germans\ncame again, and this when it start started the madness of everything. We came to\nUzbekistan. On our way to Uzbe to our city, when we were wanted to come, because\nmama received letter from her ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=2250.0,2280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"neighbor, she lives there and she can take us. She\nwas escaping much earlier. So, she had apartment, she said, \"Come.\" My papa died\nin this way because they took him out from train. I do remember station they did\nnot let even to this embark on because he was sick, people started yelling, \"We\nhave a sick man on the train, take him out!\" So, they took us ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=2280.0,2310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"out at station\nJuma. Juma, that name. My daughter-in-law can't even say this word, she laughs\nwhen I say something with those letters. He died there. They put him in a\nhospital, but when mama came next day, he was already buried, and brothers...\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=2310.0,2340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: A mess...\n\nGRINZAID: All of them, sick and wounded, all of them. So, we left two of us. We\ncame to this Samarkand. Then September, school started. I asked mama, \"Mama, I\nwant to go to school.\" I was an A every year I was the best student and musical\nschool. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=2340.0,2370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the regular school. She said I can't do it, \"You have to work.\"\nBecause who goes to school, they co-dependent on somebody. They give only 400\ngrams of bread. But who works, and studies in the something, to work in the\nfactories, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=2370.0,2400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they give 600 or 800 [grams of] bread. She went to work as an\nassistant somewhere to a military academy. You have to work.\n\nBERMAN: How old were you at the time?\n\nGRINZAID: But I wasn't even 14 years old! It was in 1942 or 1943 I don't\nremember I don't remember, I always mixed up with those years. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=2400.0,2430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"She went and she\ntalked to somebody, they say, \"You know what, go to doctor. Tell him she is 14,\nfrom 14 years she could take those courses, six months courses, where they study\nand teaching you some profession. Some profession in a factory.\" So, she went to\ndoctor. Doctor said, \"Open up ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=2430.0,2460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"your mouth.\" I open up my mouth. This is not a\njoke. He said, \"How old are you?\" I said, \"I am 14.\" \"Okay, 14.\" This way they\ntook me to these courses I finish this course and they sent me to Tashkent. It\nis capital city for Uzbekistan. I work. A girl . . I finished I was already ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=2460.0,2490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"15\nby this document. So, I could work on a military factory. So, they send us, and\nI work 12 hours. I even wasn't 14. Twelve hours as a tókar' I made bombs.\n\nBERMAN: You made bombs.\n\nA. GRINZAID: Bombs.\n\nS. GRINZAID: Mína.\n\nA. GRINZAID: Mina.\n\nEINSTEIN: Mines.\n\nA. GRINZAID: it's not. it's bombs who was from planes.\n\nBERMAN: From the sky.\n\nGRINZAID: But ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=2490.0,2520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we only. it was stanók how to call it. kak nazyvát' stanók? We\nused that. Stanók. So, I made it, tókar', I just made it like from a...\n\nBERMAN: From a mold?\n\nGRINZAID: Yes, from a little bowl, I made it and to put something inside to make\na bomb. It was not ours, because children worked in this and they took it in\nanother ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=2520.0,2550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"place, and they put it. It went twelve hours a day, with one meal a day,\nand piece of bread all day. How could we feel something if we were hungry all\nthe time? Hungry, we were growing up, we were hungry all the time. There is\nnothing it was bazaars, you know, bazaar it is ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=2550.0,2580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"place where people selling\neverything. Fruit, everything. But we did not have money. Only who live there\nwho has money. We did not get we were getting money, a little ruble to buy\ncards, to buy this with card piece of bread.\n\nBERMAN: piece of bread.\n\nGRINZAID: Yes.\n\nBERMAN: like a ration.\n\nGRINZAID: Yes. You could not even go to movie, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=2580.0,2610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"no money for a ticket even. This\nwas just like a fiction. No money. So, we were hungry people were hungry. Later\non my mama got work in military hospital, where wounded officers was lying it\nwas in Samarkand. I got from this Tashkent. I jumped on the train in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=2610.0,2640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"1944. I\ncame back to mama in Samarkand because they took us to Tashkent when I worked.\nIn Samarkand I worked in a factory, when we are sewing.\n\nBERMAN: Uniforms?\n\nGRINZAID: robes for soldiers.\n\nBERMAN: Uniforms?\n\nGRINZAID: Uniforms. I had nothing to wear. I grew up out of my clothes. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=2640.0,2670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When I\nwas 11 12-years-old girl So, the women in this factory from this uniform\nmaterial, they made me a dress. I was such a fashionable. Just simple dress,\nlike a woman soldier wears. I didn't have anything on my foot, so my mama ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=2670.0,2700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"had a\nleather bag from Odessa. So, she cut it and this leather she made me a little\nsomething footwear. So in spring and winter and autumn, everything, every time I\nwas wearing this, and it was already shmattes. It was cold ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=2700.0,2730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I got frozen my legs,\nas they sent us to farms Uzbeks farms because it was no adults a little to take\nsomething of what's growing up. They fed us very badly. We was cold, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=2730.0,2760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as a Jewish\nsaid borves. You know a little Yiddish?\n\nBERMAN: A little\n\nGRINZAID: Borves\n\nBERMAN: Barefoot.\n\nGRINZAID: Yes. That's all until war finished. How we felt. I played piano with\nmy memory. I even right now play piano by memory because I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=2760.0,2790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"finished only two or\nthree years from five years old till eight three classes of music. I was very\ntalented, they said. I played. whatever I hear I played on piano. Whatever music\nI hear I play. In the hospital they had grand piano in a big room. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=2790.0,2820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I sat and\nplayed once. When soldiers heard me playing, they were asking me all the time.\nFor that was it even I didn't work I was a little 15 years old already. They\ngave me a white robe it was a doctor to let me any time come to the hospital.\nThey ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=2820.0,2850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"gave us to me, and to mama, and to one more nurse with daughter. A little, how\nto say, room when used to be.\n\nBERMAN: Part of the hospital?\n\nGRINZAID: In a hospital park we lived. It was no water, no bathroom, and only\none room. But we brought four ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=2850.0,2880.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"beds me and mama, one bed. Another nurse and one\nanother woman with a little daughter. Four of us we lived there. This how we\nlived. My mama used to work in teaching in hospital. So, she was not hungry.\nThen war is finished.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=2880.0,2910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Can you tell me how you heard how the war was over?\n\nGRINZAID: See, I worked on at this factory then I finished working at this\nfactory. I don't remember why. It was summer and something we were doing my mama\ngot this little room. So, I was couple ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=2910.0,2940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"months I was not doing anything not\nworking. Because we finished in there our soldiers went already back, back, back\nand Russia was liberated. But how I heard. it was four o'clock in the morning.\nSomebody knocked in our door. Did we have a window? I don't remember if we\nreally had a window ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=2940.0,2970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in this room. Maybe door was a little light window. They\ncall, they say, \"Anishka!\" Anishka, it's a cute name for Anya. \"Come over, the\nprofessor wants to see you.\" Mama said, \"It's not time.\" They said, \"Freedom!\nWar is finished!\" ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=2970.0,3000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This park start all the people who can walk, who can do\nsomething, start yelling, start jumping, crying, kissing each other. War is\nfinished. \"Professor, the head of hospital wants you to come inside, play.\" Four\no'clock. The water is so cold, I can't even ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=3000.0,3030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"wash. I washed and put my dress and\nI came. They already handed to me this white robe and everybody opened the doors\nfrom their . . . rooms and everybody yelled, \"Anya, play this! Anya, play this!\"\nAll war songs. They're very nice. They cried and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=3030.0,3060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"then, even it was people who\ncould not walk at all, they sent something to me. Apple or what I didn't take\nanything, even I was hungry, could not it was wounded people, you can't take\nnothing from them. This is the end of war. Me and mama, we needed to go back. We\ncouldn't because they then don't let you. They don't give you a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=3060.0,3090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"letter, like a visa\n\nBERMAN: Yes\n\nGRINZAID: To come to your place, because many people would like to go, but it\nwas after wartime and it was really hard. It was all those years, every morning,\nevery hour, we were wherever we stayed, we were listening to radio, because\nradio was all around, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=3090.0,3120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on the streets, everywhere. When our military started back\nup, and German come in, everybody cried. We had one operator who the Germans\nsaid if they will occupied Moscow, they will hang him on that, because he was\ntelling with such a voice ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=3120.0,3150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what was his name, Sam?\n\nS. GRINZAID: Kto?\n\nA. GRINZAID: Kto ob\" javlal vojénnyj dejstvie po radio?\n\nS. GRINZAID: Levitan.\n\nA. GRINZAID: Levitan. Levitan.\n\nBERMAN: Levitan?\n\nS. GRINZAID: Levitan.\n\nA. GRINZAID: People adored him when he started. \"The hour army ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=3150.0,3180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"left city Odessa.\nThe hour army left city Korsk. Wounded, this much. Killed, this much.\" Everybody\nstart crying on the street. But when it reversed. \"Our people, our soldiers, the\nbrave officer and soldiers, got back Odessa, got back Kharkov, got back cities\nand it was city. In ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=3180.0,3210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ukraine, Jewish people after war when we came with mama to Odessa\n\nBERMAN: How long was it after the war that you were able to go back?\n\nGRINZAID: Only it was. autumn of 1945. We could not go earlier Sam could live\nand come earlier with his parents. But we were only ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=3210.0,3240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with mama. They said, \"If\nyou want to go without tickets, then take two wounded people, as nearest as you\ncould where you live, and take them home. People without legs, who could not\nmove. wounded soldiers. If you will bring them home, we will sign you for them\nas their\"\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=3240.0,3270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Guardians.\n\nGRINZAID: Yes\n\nBERMAN: Caretakers.\n\nGRINZAID: \"Then you will get food for three.\" We took I was a girl. mama signed\nme I wasn't even 16 I couldn't. but mama said I am 16. They signed us two\nwounded people. This is maybe whole week we were going from Uzbekistan and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=3270.0,3300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we\nshould provide them food I had food on the stations, every stop. The water and\nthe take care of them. Mama left me in Odessa with some friends she found alive.\nRussian. Very good friends of mama. She took them and brought them both to their homes.\n\nBERMAN: Describe Odessa ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=3300.0,3330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when you got back. Can you describe what you found?\n\nGRINZAID: What I found Sam's house was bombed when he used to live. My house was\noccupied with other people. Mama knowing my mama sue, probably whole year before\nwe got to our house, we were lucky only because in our ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=3330.0,3360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"apartment used to live\nRussian people, who made bordello from this house. Yeah! Bordello for German\nofficers. It was grand piano in my apartment, so they made the bordello. Because\nof this mama got back her apartment. Odessa was hungry, cold. You could not buy\na piece of bread. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=3360.0,3390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You had to keep card for whole month. Thirty days each. You\ncome to the store, they cut one piece for this day, and you got your portion.\nHungry. You can't buy anything, you have no money. I was young to get some work;\nmy ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=3390.0,3420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"mama went to head of the company who my papa used to work. He liked my papa\nvery much, so he gave me sent me to somebody on a company. I used to work as a\naccountant clerk counting. It was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=3420.0,3450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"America who start sending us food. UNRRA, if\nyou heard about this.\n\nBERMAN: U. N yes. Yeah.\n\nGRINZAID: They start sending and this is why we survived.\n\nBERMAN: My question is when you returned to the city, did you already know what\nhappened to your relatives and your other friends or...\n\nGRINZAID: Only when I came to my dvor, to my house, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=3450.0,3480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to my apartment. The\nneighbors who were still living there, they told me everything. They told me how\nmy auntie and how my grandma died. They saw it. They were telling me what it was\nwas terrible. My second auntie, mama's cousin, my mama's cousin second auntie.\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=3480.0,3510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"She could not leave Odessa. She was really beautiful, and she was married to a\ngoy. He was in the army. Her Russian friend said, \"You don't have to go. You are\nmarried to a goy; you have goyish name.\" But when Germans came, she ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=3510.0,3540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"told on her,\nand they got her to prison. Romanian. But when the Romanians let them go first\nRomanians let them go so her neighbors, a Russian couple old couple, said,\n\"Zena, don't go to your shtet, to your apartment. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=3540.0,3570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Stay with us, we will save\nyou.\" She stayed a whole year in their closet.\n\nBERMAN: Oh, my gosh.\n\nGRINZAID: They save her. Russian old people. They fed her at night time gave her\na little to eat. A whole year. They save her. It was like anarchy after war.\nDifferent people, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=3570.0,3600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"people start to come wherever could. Many, many died. Jewish,\nin Odessa they were suffering I have right now, newspaper from New York in\nRussian . . . my son came, he is in New York right now working. He came and\nbrought me many newspapers in the Russian language.\n\nBERMAN: Okay, so your son brought\n\nGRINZAID: Brought us a...\n\nBERMAN: You back newspapers.\n\nGRINZAID: A bunch of newspapers in Russian ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=3600.0,3630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"language. There is many old people\nwho was even staying during the German occupation. That is about Odessa, how\nOdessa started to live. It was six Jewish people when the Russians ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=3630.0,3660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"came in 1784\nto Odessa. It was different nationality. Six Jewish people. But when war\nstarted, it was one third of whole population in Odessa, Jewish. It left after\nwar very little.\n\nBERMAN: How many Do you know I have in my notes that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=3660.0,3690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a lot of people who escaped\ndid go back to Odessa after the war.\n\nGRINZAID: Of course! We went back to Odessa.\n\nBERMAN: So, you came back. Your mother and you, you found work?\n\nGRINZAID: Yes, of course. I said...\n\nBERMAN: We can stop.\n\nGRINZAID: We started work. Mama started work ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=3690.0,3720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in fabric somewhere. Her friend was\nlike a chief in there, so she got her a job. To get job it was very hard. The\nchief of my papa's company who used to work for him, he was a big boss. He gave\nmama a paper and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=3720.0,3750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sent me to work in Odessa train station as an accounting clerk.\nMeantime, from America, ships started to come. It was only one way for ships.\nOnly one way by sea. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=3750.0,3780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I worked in this place, a port, where this train station\nthey were coming. We worked with all German P.W. I told Sam all this already\n\nS. GRINZAID: P. O...\n\nGRINZAID: War prisoners.\n\nBERMAN: P.O. W's?\n\nGRINZAID: Yeah.\n\nBERMAN: Prisoner of wars?\n\nA. GRINZAID: War prisoners, yeah. Soldiers.\n\nS. GRINZAID: Prisoner.\n\nA. GRINZAID: German. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=3780.0,3810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They sent us to taking those heavy stuff. We just wrote how\nmany and that's it. They were so nice. Yes. \"Anna, Anna.\" I understood a little\nbit of German. First of all, my grandmas talk Yiddish and Papa ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=3810.0,3840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yiddish very\nsimilar to German. I understood what they are saying and when they heard me\nunderstand, they thought I knew German. \"Anna, Anna, come, come to me. Come.\"\nThey knocked the back...\n\nS. GRINZAID: Box.\n\nA. GRINZAID: box. Put the can and said, \"Are you hungry? Eat.\" ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=3840.0,3870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So, I ate. A lots of\nwhen I hear Russians saying something on the United States I could have killed\nthem like that. Because United States helped so much. We were looking for this.\nThey send us clothes, food, and it was such a hard year 1946 after war ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=3870.0,3900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"finished.\nIt was the biggest hungriness. You cannot find a piece of something to chew.\n\nBERMAN: Was there trouble between the Jewish people and the non-Jewish people\nwhen you came back?\n\nGRINZAID: After war, I can't say. I can't say. But to get a job later on I\nheard. When I finished the school and everything, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=3900.0,3930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to get a job for Jewish people\nit was very hard. If you are Jewish and to get to university, you could stay for\nexams for two or three years and not getting there. But Samuel got finished\nengineering and I got my bookkeeping. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=3930.0,3960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I didn't get to university because I\ncouldn't. I should work and I had only mama mama could help me.\n\nBERMAN: How did you meet Sam?\n\nA. GRINZAID: I worked on a factory as an accountant clerk. I was already divorced.\nI got married, I was 17-and-a-half. My mama said, \"You have to get married; I\ncan't help you.\" ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=3960.0,3990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was hungriness, so I got married. A couple years later I\nseparated then I got divorced later on I got divorced. I got divorced and I met\nhim. But we separated and he was sick, and later on he died. I was a widow\nalready. He was 11 years older than me. My oldest son, it's from ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=3990.0,4020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"him. Then one\nday, I was 22 some man, some guy came into my wood I work on wooden factory. He\nalready finished college and worked in another city in Armenia, Georgia in\nGeorgia the country. He came back from his work ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=4020.0,4050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and was looking for a job. He\ncame through the door and I was going out to my place where I used to work this\nit was a few accountants, clerks. He asked me, \"Where is administration of yours\nlocated?\" I said, \"This way, please.\" He went this way, I went this way. Because\nI need to go to my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=4050.0,4080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"place to work and administration was there.\n\nS. GRINZAID: Secretary.\n\nA. GRINZAID: In one second, Sam. It's on me, not on you. One day I said, \"This is\nthe administration and I'm going here.\" So, he made five steps there, I made\nfive steps there, and one second, we turned, looked at each other and start\nlaughing. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=4080.0,4110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's it. We've [been in] love until today.\n\nBERMAN: You are still laughing!\n\nA. GRINZAID: Fifty-five goes 56 years.\n\nS. GRINZAID: It was the best choice in my life.\n\nA. GRINZAID: [laughs]\n\nBERMAN: That's wonderful to feel that way after 55 years. So, you both stayed\nthen in Odessa for quite some time.\n\nGRINZAID: Yes. Then people ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=4110.0,4140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"start talking. First of all, we start hearing\nwhenever our Jewish boys goes to army they are coming back in coffins. They were\nkilling them.\n\nBERMAN: What year are we getting up to now?\n\nGRINZAID: We came in 1979, but it all ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=4140.0,4170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"started in 1950's when Stalin was still\nalive. He got project to get all Jewish people, o takes them out from cities and\ngive them special in Birobidzhan, special place, and they will live and work.\nThis place was a horrible place. It was his project. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=4170.0,4200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"At first, his and it was\nBeria, the Georgian, his helper Stalin's helper minister. He they started\nproject. All Jewish doctors were considered terrorists. They start taking them\nto prison to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=4200.0,4230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"torture them. The nicest doctors, professors until they say, \"Yes,\nI am a spy. I did this. I did this.\" Because they couldn't take it. This was\ntheir project. To get rid of all of us.\n\nBERMAN: The terror during the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=4230.0,4260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"can you describe the terror that you felt during\nthe purges?\n\nGRINZAID: First of all, after a few years after war just like 1946, 1947, 1948\nthen from 1948, it started to be dangerous to talk. You could not say anything.\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=4260.0,4290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Everybody was, \"Shh! Shh! Shh! Shh! Don't say anything!\" Because your neighbor\ndoesn't see it, he will tell on you. They started to take people to prison for\nnothing. Jewish and some in Moscow, some people who Stalin was afraid would be\ncompetition to them. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=4290.0,4320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It is like another 1937, when Stalin killed, I don't even\nremember how many of his own people. Taking everybody who was he was thinking\nthat got in his way. This is when people started to be afraid of saying\nsomething. I did not feel this before war. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=4320.0,4350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But after war, suddenly I realized I\nknow nothing about my father's relatives. I know nothing. Mama was afraid to\ntalk. Mama was afraid to tell me. I am a child; I could say to somebody on the\nstreet something. Because people who had relatives off the bat: America or\nGerman somewhere ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=4350.0,4380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they would go to prison, and that's it. So, I don't know still\nI don't know if my papa had somebody there or what. He came to Russia; he was 22\n26 or 28 years old. So, I don't know. We weren't talking about that. We could\nnot talk about anything. It was terror. People was afraid to say ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=4380.0,4410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"something on a\njob. To tell some for anecdote you saying a joke and if this joke has something\nlike then you disappear.\n\nBERMAN: And being a Jew, was there any did you stop all religious practice or\ndid you still...?\n\nGRINZAID: We did not have any religious practice. We could not speak about\nreligion. In Odessa, there was only one synagogue. You know, my mama ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=4410.0,4440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I used to\ntell Harold . my mama my grandma, of course, in this time she was religious as\nall Jewish. My mama was afraid to go to the synagogue. What I do remember, on\nPassover, my mama went at night time, stood in line in synagogue until the\nmorning at four o'clock, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=4440.0,4470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they were open, and three kilogram three kilos of\nmatzah that you would get in one hand. Mama was bringing this matzah, and making\nas we make from matzah, making latkes, making everything with eggs and you fry I\nstill do this, buying matzah, a whole package and whole liter of I have matzah\nbrei in the milk.\n\nBERMAN: Matzah brei.\n\nGRINZAID: And the eggs ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=4470.0,4500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on a pot. Good. We did not speak about it. I never saw\nsynagogue in Jewish. I never knew one prayer. I never knew. Only after war I\nstart to recall when my mama say, \"Anya, go outside play some with children.\"\nWhen I was coming, my papa ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=4500.0,4530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was in tallis he brought from Vienna. In tallis and\nholding this and reading. I did not know what it is Later on, I ask mama. She\nsaid, \"Shh!\" All the time, Saturdays. This is the only one that I recall. I\nremember. We could not talk. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=4530.0,4560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If I would have say in school, \"My mama goes to\nsynagogue.\" It would be terrible. I don't know. They brought churches on\nsynagogues. In front of us it was big church. They destroy everything there was\nno religion. But Russian there were many of them old people still go to church.\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=4560.0,4590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Holidays but it was no holiday for country. Only for you. For your friend.\n\nBERMAN: So...\n\nGRINZAID: Allegiance I...\n\nBERMAN: When did it start?\n\nGRINZAID: look here.\n\nBERMAN: When did it start, it's Stalin so you go through the Stalin period,\nStalin dies.\n\nGRINZAID: Stalin died, at last ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=4590.0,4620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"he died against Jewish it was still. But he\ndidn't take time he could not take time to fulfill all his projects. Then it\nstarted to get a little bit quieter. But still, my cousin she was an A+ student\nin school. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=4620.0,4650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Three years she was mathematic brilliant, my cousin three years she\ncould not go to university. She had name, Kupershmidt. Only if they saw this\nname, that's it, bye. Nobody was afraid of hurting us. But somehow, my name was\nnot so Jewish. It was German name. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=4650.0,4680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But me personally, I didn't feel anything.\nYou know I came here ten years, last ten years before I came here, I was chief\naccountant for two factories. I had two factories as a chief accountant. I have\nsix accountants. I was the third person in the factory. All by ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=4680.0,4710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"myself, nobody\nhelped me.\n\nBERMAN: Why and when did you decide that it was time to leave?\n\nGRINZAID: Because in 1970's it became dangerous. We start our son growing up. We\nstart hearing people going away ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=4710.0,4740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to Israel, to Germany, to United States. But it\nis what impossible to come .to go to United States. To Israel, it was HIAS, it\nwas company who started to take care of Jewish people who...\n\nBERMAN: HIAS.\n\nGRINZAID: want HIAS pronounced: hi-yas. HIAS, yes. We say HIAS pronounced:\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=4740.0,4770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"hee-yas because we...\n\nBERMAN: Just for the tape.\n\nGRINZAID: Call this...\n\nBERMAN: H-I-A-S.\n\nGRINZAID: Yes, that's it. H-I-A-S. People start talking, \"You have boys. Listen:\nthis woman received coffin. This woman received coffin. What you are thinking?\"\nBut we know we have no relatives nowhere ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=4770.0,4800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and you should get the letter who\ninvites you and says he will take care of you. We had nobody. Then one day, my\nson, his son-in-law, came he was 15 years old. He said, \"Mama, am I a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=4800.0,4830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish?\"\nNow I understand, he didn't know, even. It was impossible. I said, \"Yes, why?\"\nHe was very prominent sport guy. He was fencer. His coach said, \"I won't take\ncare of you, I won't teach you. Because you all Jewish people ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=4830.0,4860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"looking to escape.\nWhy would I make champion from you?\" I said, \"Yes you are a Jewish.\" \"Then I\ndon't want to live here.\" It was Jimmy who started all of this. I said, \"What\ncould we do.\" \"Mama, I don't want to live here. I want to leave this country. If\nhe won't teach me, my life it's\" He was fencer. He was in Kiev, in Moscow, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=4860.0,4890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a\nchampion everywhere, as a boy from 11 years old. He was this short and this\ntable was bigger than him. He was going studying, and good student. I said,\n\"Okay, let's think about something.\" Our friend came, and he said, \"My friend\ngoes to Moscow to get ready ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=4890.0,4920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"paper, visa, to America. Write us all your\"\n\nBERMAN: Information.\n\nGRINZAID: \"information about each of you. Years and parents and everything. I\nwill give it him. He will get to\" Posól'stvo what is it? Embassy.\n\nBERMAN: Embassy.\n\nGRINZAID: \"to embassy. And he would give it in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=4920.0,4950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ambassador's hands.\" This is what\nhappened. He took this letter, and we were laughing, \"Ah! We have nobody, who\nwill send us invitation?\" We start to get letters from people from our friends\nwho already lives in America, people already live in Israel. They said in\nIsrael, very hard right now, too much people, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=4950.0,4980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"really hard to get job. You have\nto go right away to an army and\n\nBERMAN: To the army.\n\nGRINZAID: I said, \"Gosh, I was from this war hardly escaping. I don't want no\nmore, I don't want no army. No, no.\" Jimmy was just 16 years old when we came\nhere. But before it was 15 when we got somehow but escape ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=4980.0,5010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from here, whenever.\nSo, three months later, we received the invitation, paper like that, stamps,\nred, bold from somebody from Israel. They invited us to Israel. It was all\nthrough HIAS. They got people there, names, and people send to everybody ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=5010.0,5040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who\nthey ask it, send the invitation. So, we got all our papers, but to get all this\npaper, and to escape, they got our blood. Three months, we were living like that.\n\nBERMAN: What year is this now?\n\nGRINZAID: In 1979 we came here, 1979 ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=5040.0,5070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"January, we got permission. We did not we\ncould not take nothing but four suitcases, whatever I had the pictures, whatever\nyou have something, you cannot take with you. I brought a few pictures\n\nBERMAN: Well, if you had the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=5070.0,5100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"paperwork to go to Israel, how did you come here?\n\nGRINZAID: We came through Vienna. Everybody who got invitation to Israel from\nAmerica nobody couldn't write you it was project to get relatives together. So,\nwho already there, they can invite you Who lives in America, did not have\npermission leave Russia ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=5100.0,5130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So, when we came to Vienna, they started to call us to\nHIAS by groups from our pansìōn when we were everything was paid off with\nAmerican money, American Jewish money. They got us apartment. We lived in Vienna\nnine ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=5130.0,5160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"days. Every day we was coming and they interviewing us. We said, \"We want\nto come to America. We have relatives in there and we had already friends.\" They\nsaid, \"We will help you if you will come and nobody else.\" They were talking to\nus, they wanted to send us only to Israel, and we wanted to go to the United\nStates. We knew Karen waited for us.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=5160.0,5190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: [laughs]\n\nGRINZAID: When they got married, she said, \"Thank you, thank you, for bringing\nJimmy. This is the man I love.\" It's twenty, thirty years goes, and they still\nin love with each other.\n\nBERMAN: So, they let you come to America.\n\nGRINZAID: They let us come to America, hardly! Oh, they were just pushing us,\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=5190.0,5220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"pushing us! We said no. First of all, Jimmy was only 16. He they did not let us\ngo until Jimmy turned 16. They were keeping us in Russia. They didn't want to\nlet us go because from 16 years old they could take money for each person, 700\nrubles. This was almost like dollars, 700 dollars ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=5220.0,5250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for a person we should pay to\nlet us go.\n\nBERMAN: When you were in Vienna with HIAS, did they have classes for you to attend?\n\nGRINZAID: No, we made the classes and we paid for these classes, but we could\nnot because in Vienna we did not have any classes for nine days. What classes\ncould you have? But I can't ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=5250.0,5280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"say anything, everything was paid. As soon as we\nstepped out of Russia, we had we did not have to worry about anything. They were\nproviding us with food, with roof, with everything.\n\nBERMAN: Did you come directly to Atlanta?\n\nGRINZAID: We came from Vienna to Italy.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=5280.0,5310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Oh, and you stayed in Italy.\n\nGRINZAID: You cannot go to States from Vienna, no, no! In Vienna they just ask\nyou where you want to go. Somebody went to Australia our friends went to\nAustralia. Somebody to Germany. Many of them to Canada, and we did not want to\ngo no Canada, no Australia, no Germany, at all Germany. Even right now Sam\ncannot visit. We were in every ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=5310.0,5340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"country, he doesn't want to visit Germany, he\ncan't. Too many people died because of those people. We came to Italy. We lived\nin Italy, waited for permission from United States to take us. Only visa. We\nwaited three months. They paid for our apartment, we got ourselves, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=5340.0,5370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they did not\ngive it to us. They said, \"You have to find it and we are going to pay.\" We\nfound it. We found one house with four apartments in there. So, we said to\neverybody who lived with this pansìōnatand said, \"Whoever wants,\" so they paid\nfor us. We were coming once in a I don't remember, in a week, or two weeks, to\nHIAS and they were giving ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=5370.0,5400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"us check for apartment and for food. So, we were\ncombining a few families. We went we -could not find in Rome, we could not find\napartment, so we lived in Passoscuro. It is 40 kilometers from Ladispoli.\nLadispoli, it is like Marietta here.\n\nBERMAN: Suburb.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=5400.0,5430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"GRINZAID: Suburb, yes. Ladispoli so, we went they, HIAS, received permission\nfrom America to get us. They called us, they gave us money dollars, exchange.\nMaybe some funte. [speaking to Sam] English ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=5430.0,5460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"too, or only dollars?\n\nS. GRINZAID: No, funte.\n\nGRINZAID: Funte. funte and dollars. Because from...\n\nS. GRINZAID: [unintelligible]\n\nGRINZAID: yes, because from Italy, we were able to go maybe some countries have\nfund, some dollars. From Italy, directly, by plane, we came to Atlanta to New\nYork. For one night.\n\nS. GRINZAID: One night.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=5460.0,5490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"GRINZAID: For one night. It was nothing in our willingness. We were under\nprotection. Whatever they say they ask us in Italy, \"What city in America do you\nwant to come?\" [Sam] because he's engineers, and he knows engineer everywhere is\nokay, and he doesn't even have to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=5490.0,5520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have diploma because engineer. I have to have\nAmerican diploma, I'm accountant. I should have American diploma. He, no. His\ndiploma is his eyes and his head. He asks them in first job, \"Do you want me to\nbring my diploma from university?\" They said, \"You could hang it on the wall,\nbut here is drawing. Tell us what you see in this drawing.\" He said, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=5520.0,5550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"Here is a\nmistake. Here is a mistake.\" He showed them all their mistakes. They said, \"Can\nyou come tomorrow, work?\" He said, \"Yes.\" And me, American Federation, Anna and\nher name I forgot her name our translator was head, but Anna was...\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=5550.0,5580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/187","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"EINSTEIN: Svirenko?\n\nGRINZAID: Huh?\n\nEINSTEIN: Svirenko? Svirenko?\n\nGRINZAID: No, American girl.\n\nEINSTEIN: Oh, American.\n\nGRINZAID: American! In Federation, she worked. On Peachtree\n\nBERMAN: Federation here?\n\nGRINZAID: Peachtree.\n\nBERMAN: On Peachtree? Yes, I know, I was there.\n\nGRINZAID: Yes, it was Anna our case worker was a man young guy, nice guy.\n\nBERMAN: It was Jewish Family Services.\n\nGRINZAID: Yes, Jewish...\n\nBERMAN: and they were in the same building.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=5580.0,5610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/188","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"GRINZAID: Yes, yes, yes.\n\nBERMAN: Down the street, they were down the street.\n\nGRINZAID: Anna took me and by the way she took him too, she got him first job.\n\nBERMAN: But how did you get to Atlanta? Why Atlanta?\n\nGRINZAID: So, New York they said oh, he wanted to go to Dallas, Texas, because\nit is in his specialty electric and automatic in Texas it's mostly. They said,\n\"Texas is closed ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=5610.0,5640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/189","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"right now.\" Atlanta was closed but in three months, \"Go!\" they\nsaid, \"Atlanta open up and takes again immigrants.\" When we came it was 60\nfamilies only here. Right now, it is more than 40,000 or 50,000, you know\nprobably better. From New York, one night we slept. In the morning they said,\n\"You are going to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=5640.0,5670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/190","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Atlanta.\" They told us in Italy we were going to Atlanta, but\nfirst plane arrived in New York. We slept one night we were looking at\neverything. We couldn't sleep at night. But we couldn't go, we were afraid to\nget lost. Then they put us on the plane, and 60 families on the plane forty\nfamilies on the plane they brought us ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=5670.0,5700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to Atlanta airport. It was from television\nmeeting us, red haired man. He's old right now, and I forgot his name whole\ntelevision group in airport. Old airport. Whole television group, with lights,\nand ask everybody ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=5700.0,5730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but nobody spoke English. One man, he said, \"Okay, okay,\nalright, okay.\" They thought he [was] speaking English. Whatever they told him.\nIn Italy we made a group. It was one woman from Leningrad who used to work in\nembassy, American Embassy. She was all alone. So she said, \"people if you want\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=5730.0,5760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/193","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"English,\" where we were to live here \"I will give you American English.\" Because\nshe was working for American Embassy. So not English-English, because when came\nto London, I did not get what they are talking about. I made a group in my\napartment, she was coming to because I had big room for two families we, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=5760.0,5790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/194","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"two\nfamilies got friendly and lived together. In my apartment, in my room, at\nnighttime we slept in this room, and in daytime, evening, she was coming. It was\ngroup with this place. We was probably 12 or 15 people. She gave us she had a\nbook, she gave. we wrote ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=5790.0,5820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"something and she said what how we should behave, what\nis the rules, how we should eat, how we should talk, what should we do, what\nshould when we came here, and it was Mr. Solomon had a store on Cheshire Bridge\n[speaking to Sam] You finished? [speaking to Sandy] He said he started to whole\ngroup from ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=5820.0,5850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/196","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Federation took us. Federation, some person took us whole group who\ncame, to the store, to show us a Yiddish a Jewish store. He said, \"You cannot\nsteal, you cannot put your hands in something there, and like remember, like, my\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=5850.0,5880.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"daddy in Russia, he was from Russia, in old time, my daddy ate herring from\nnewspaper.\" And Samuel said, \"My daddy ate herring from crystal\".\n\nS. GRINZAID: Porcelain.\n\nGRINZAID: \"from porcelain.\"\n\nBERMAN: [laughs]\n\nGRINZAID: Because his [laughs] father grandfather was very rich in U.S.S.R. time.\n\nBERMAN: I want to know ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=5880.0,5910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when you got off the plane.\n\nGRINZAID: Yeah?\n\nBERMAN: what your first thoughts were.\n\nGRINZAID: We were excited, very much. Scared. We were not young people. We were\ntwo 50s. We were not young people. Result: friends. Result: money. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=5910.0,5940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/199","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Four hundred\ndollars they exchange us, only $420, this is all we had.\n\nBERMAN: What about the boys? Were they excited? Or scared?\n\nGRINZAID: Oh, yeah, Jimmy was excited. He was all who helped us with he was\nstaying in nighttime in the line to hires to Soviet office when they give you\npermission. He and [Sam]. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=5940.0,5970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/200","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"To take these four suitcases you had to have papers\nand permissions and everything. He was excited.\n\nBERMAN: [To Ruth] I'm sorry I couldn't hear.\n\nEINSTEIN: To eventually have to immigrate.\n\nBERMAN: So...\n\nGRINZAID: Very excited. Two months later I started work. Federation partner.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=5970.0,6000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Did they give you a case worker?\n\nGRINZAID: Yeah. They appointed us case worker, it was man, I forgot his name.\nYoung man. And translator. I do remember when Hedva, our translator brought us\nto apartment, which is Federation appointed us, and said, \"Anna, Anna, how do\nyou like it? Have you ever seen such a nice apartment?\" I said, \"Hedva, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=6000.0,6030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I had\napartments with all furniture. I was head accountant, I had salary. I did not\nhave permission to talk or speak or something, but I had everything.\" Two times\nwe already was in Poland with Samuel, so I had everything. I came I had food, I\nhad dresses, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=6030.0,6060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I was having everything I need but freedom. You know I was not\nafraid to say I'm Jewish, which is I never say I'm Jewish, I was afraid to say.\nIf somebody ask, I said, \"Okay,\" but if nobody ask I cannot say I am Jewish.\n\nBERMAN: That must have been a very ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=6060.0,6090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I guess the word is a startling change for\nyou that you could join a synagogue, that you could...\n\nGRINZAID: The same week, the same week people we even, first week, everybody\nforgot about us. They brought five families to this East Rock Springs Road first\napartment and forgot about us. We had no ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=6090.0,6120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/205","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"money, we had dollars funts. We did not\nhave dollars. We did not know what to do with this, those they gave us here,\nexchanged. We did not know where the store was. Nobody came to us. We did not\nknow what to do. So, five families who lived here when we came to apartment,\nthey brought us. One woman, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=6120.0,6150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/206","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't know her name. We never saw her again. She\nbrought all of us, appointed, \"This is your apartment, this is your, this is\nwith two children, five rooms. Okay.\" She said, \"They will bring you beds and\neverything.\" It was not furnished. So, we waited, I don't remember, until next\nday, until they brought something. Three chairs, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=6150.0,6180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"three people, three chairs.\nTable, broken table. When we came it was already in the kitchen Bread, bottle of\noil, sack of potatoes, chicken, three little aluminum for...\n\nBERMAN: Onions?\n\nGRINZAID: For Yiddish ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=6180.0,6210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for Shabbat.\n\nBERMAN: Wine?\n\nGRINZAID: Yes. Bottle of Maneschewitz\n\nBERMAN: Maneschewitz.\n\nGRINZAID: And three little glasses. Now glasses just from aluminum. For to drink.\n\nBERMAN: Little.\n\nGRINZAID: Yeah.\n\nBERMAN: shot glasses schnapps.\n\nGRINZAID: Yeah, yeah. Three cups, three forks, three knives, three spoons. Okay.\nWe already had ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=6210.0,6240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/209","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"eggs, we already had breakfast, we had chicken. Three we were\nfull, good. Then we got all families and it was raining, and we went to find\nsome store. Whoever we got a little bit money, we got to the store. We were\ncoming to this store \"Oh my goodness.\" ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=6240.0,6270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We looked at it was Winn-Dixie, no, Food\nGiant. Food Giant. We were looking everything, we got papers, sacks with it and\nraining. We are walking children three or four, we all walk with this paper\npapers, in rain, sacks goes broken. People in the cars passing us, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=6270.0,6300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"stopping,\n\"Poor people, where are you going?\" We said, \"We live on East Rock Springs.\"\n\"Sit down.\" Put all of us in every car stopped. Took all of us and brought us\nhome. Next week, Friday, our neighbor, Jewish guy all alone, he was across from\nus in apartment. Do we want to go to synagogue? We said, \"Of course, but we\ndon't know.\" \"I can't drive, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=6300.0,6330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and you are too many, let's go.\" He went to\nShearith Israel to synagogue. We were living in this area. He brought us to\nsynagogue, he came to synagogue, they open synagogue, and rabbi was already\ntalking, and people were sitting. Suddenly, when he brought us, rabbi stopped.\nSomebody said something to him. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=6330.0,6360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/213","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He said, \"People, we got Russian escapees,\nRussian immigrant family, let's\" [claps]\n\nBERMAN: Applaud?\n\nGRINZAID: \"applaud.\"\n\nBERMAN: Which rabbi was it? Do you remember?\n\nGRINZAID: Oh, Kunis.\n\nBERMAN: Kunis?\n\nGRINZAID: Of course. He was wonderful, he was wonderful. I don't care what\nhappened to him later on, but he was wonderful. He was so gaiety, he made all\nchildren danced with them ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=6360.0,6390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"well it happens and happens, but I still love him. He\nintroduced us [speaking to Sam] okay, okay, okay, Samuel, stop, because I'll\nbeat you up. [laughs]\n\nBERMAN: What?\n\nS. GRINZAID: I'm afraid.\n\nA. GRINZAID: Don't be afraid, don't be afraid.\n\nS. GRINZAID: She will not talk to me.\n\nA. GRINZAID: Sam.\n\nBERMAN: [laughs]\n\nGRINZAID: I would not talk to you, you would be so happy!\n\nEINSTEIN: [laughs]\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=6390.0,6420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: I want to we still have some ground to cover here.\n\nGRINZAID: I just want to...\n\nBERMAN: Are you too tired? Or do you want...?\n\nGRINZAID: No, no, no, no, no.\n\nBERMAN: us to come back another day?\n\nGRINZAID: Don't listen to him. [laughs] Okay. I just want to tell you, I missed\none thing. It was not with me, but when I came, in Odessa, after war ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=6420.0,6450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"start\nworking, I was young girl. I worked in this fort and it was many people there.\nOne day, girl, she was somewhere 18 or 17 years old, something like that, she\nfound out I am Jewish. She was Jewish and she told me her story. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=6450.0,6480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/217","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"She almost got\nkilled by Germans. She lived near Odessa somewhere, in a little shtetl. When\nGermans came, they got all people, all Jewish people, took them to one place and\nshoot them. She was with her little sister. They were small so when Germans\nshooted, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=6480.0,6510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/218","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"some woman behind them made them fall. They fall and everybody fall on\nthem. At nighttime she holded her sister by hand from the under the blood, under\nthe bodies, they got out, at nighttime, they got something crawling ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=6510.0,6540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/219","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and they\nsurvived. At nighttime they came to somebody, knocked on the door. She was very\nmuch afraid, but she got them washed, gave them bed, and said, \"Go somewhere,\nbecause my people, my family will get killed.\" How she survived. I forgot her\nname. I don't know what happened to her. But she was alive.\n\nBERMAN: Did her sister also survive?\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=6540.0,6570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/220","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"GRINZAID: Yes. They both. Because the woman knocked them down, and they were\nunder everybody. They could...\n\nBERMAN: I have a number of questions, want to go back a little bit.\n\nGRINZAID: Yeah.\n\nBERMAN: One, to when you decided to immigrate, how difficult did the Soviet\ngovernment make it for you?\n\nGRINZAID: I couldn't tell you, even. So difficult. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=6570.0,6600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/221","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In this office when you stay\nin line you should sign the numbers. Samuel was staying probably whole week. One\nday we came, they turn all those numbers, you have to start all over. Whoever\ncould, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=6600.0,6630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/222","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"could got to you. Whoever want could gotten into your nerves. People,\nwhen you were staying to get some food, some had to find food. Not bread or\npotatoes, you can buy this. But some fish or chicken or even milk. Then later\non, when Khrushchev started, you stay in line, they say ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=6630.0,6660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/223","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"Huh, when you will get\nout of here?\" It was so many people already left, one time I was staying in line\nfor fish and saleswoman, she was a goy. She was selling, not so fast, somebody\nwas coming, except this line she was giving here and here, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=6660.0,6690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/224","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they start to yell,\n\"Oh, when they will go back there, doing what they want, these crazy Jews!\" One\nwoman stood behind me, old woman, Russian woman. She said, \"Listen, Jewish\npeople already left, who do you blame right now? Who do you blame?\" She was goy,\nshe's Russian. Every single Jews? ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=6690.0,6720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/225","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"No. You should look after yourself and see.\nWhen we were coming to office, you need this document. You need this. You\ncouldn't get right, if you want to get right, stay in line, go like rules say,\nyou can't. You should looking for some way to go around ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=6720.0,6750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/226","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to get something. To get\npermission, to get something.\n\nBERMAN: Were you threatened in any way? At your job?\n\nGRINZAID: Oh, many people I wasn't threatened because I quit my job. I knew I am\nhead of accountant. I would hear people. I need to get quit. Quit! ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=6750.0,6780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/227","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I quit. His\nboss got them all under control and did not wasn't afraid. So, he worked almost\nuntil last week or two. I quit two months, I didn't work, because I was afraid.\nYou everything on your job, nobody could know. Only my director, when he found\nout I am going, he came to me, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=6780.0,6810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/228","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"Anna, you need a hand. If my papa wouldn't be\npolit Communist, I would run away myself.\" It was very hard. Very hard. We were\nafraid to say a word. When we were giving our luggage, we were afraid to say a\nword. Because people said, \"Shh! Shh!\" Whenever you whatever you will say. They\nwill hurt you, they will stop [you]. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=6810.0,6840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/229","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I know here people, friend of mine. Two\nyears they gave a document and they could not leave. They didn't let them go.\nEven though some tickets \"We won't let you go.\" Only because we did not work in\nmilitary, we didn't work in anything I could gave us tickets. What else?\n\nBERMAN: [laughs]\n\nGRINZAID: Next!\n\nBERMAN: You only were allowed four suitcases? ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=6840.0,6870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/230","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Right?\n\nGRINZAID: Certain no We could take our luggage. We could take big box and put\neverything we want, certain kilograms. But we should stay in line to get this\nbox and to send something. In so many ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=6870.0,6900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/231","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so much money. When it came here, you\nshould pay here for luggage.\n\nBERMAN: Was there any...?\n\nGRINZAID: So, we had only one box. We could've taken two boxes and put so in\nthis box, we put only our books. Samuel didn't want to get rid of his books.\nHundred books we had. Books, two blankets, three blankets, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=6900.0,6930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/232","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and three or four\npillows, couple of sheets, pillow sheets cases, and a couple of pots. When I had\ncrystal crystal set. They broke four of my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=6930.0,6960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/233","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"let me keep only two for a memory.\nNothing of value. No pictures. Nothing. You have to pay. If you brought picture,\nyou had to pay them another price. Some museums should sign to give it. My his\ncousin lives in Chicago. They get very nice furniture. When they got married, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=6960.0,6990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/234","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it\nwas rich people, they got nice furniture, nice pieces. They should stay in line\nfor permission for museum and pay big money to take your own furniture.\n\nEINSTEIN: You're talking about art, not family photographs. Could you take your\nfamily photographs?\n\nGRINZAID: I took a few. All photographs I am taking with me, I could have only\nclean. Like I'll show ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=6990.0,7020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/235","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you.\n\nBERMAN: You can show us show us in a minute.\n\nGRINZAID: I have four or five pieces. All photographs I had albums, you know. If\nsomething written on another side, no. Nothing should be written. Maybe in those\nwords there is something. As a spy or something.\n\nBERMAN: As someone living in Odessa, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=7020.0,7050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/236","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"did you hear the term refusenik? Did\nyou know what that meant? Refusenik.\n\nGRINZAID: Otkaznik. [speaking to Sam] Slýšali slóvo otkaznik? Refusenik?\n\nS. GRINZAID: Da [Russian: Yes]\n\nGRINZAID: Yes. We have here people who was in.\n\nBERMAN: Right.\n\nGRINZAID: Refusing. But Podrazhansky, they live couple. They were in refuse\nbecause he used to work in Kharkov in factory where they ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=7050.0,7080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/237","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"build it just tractors,\nyou know just for farms to work. But they didn't let them go, and he couldn't\nwork. He couldn't work whole year. How would they live, I don't know If you not\nworking, you cannot getting salary, you can't buy food?\n\nBERMAN: When you were thinking about immigrating in the 1970s, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=7080.0,7110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/238","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were you aware\nthat there were Jewish Americans who were protesting for your release? That\nthere were American Jews who were\n\nGRINZAID: Yes, we know.\n\nBERMAN: Marching for...?\n\nGRINZAID: We know, not much. But we know. It was Carter when we came. We know\nwhen it was meeting in between Brezhnev and Carter. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=7110.0,7140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/239","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Carter said you want to they\nask America for bread, to help. He said, \"We will help you. Let your people go.\"\nThis is what we have song, [sings] \"Let my people go!\" Let people who wants to\ngo, let them go. This is why we appreciate Carter, only for this. Later on,\notkaznik. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=7140.0,7170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/240","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This is when we decided to go. It was fearful. We were afraid. They as\nsoon as they will know we want to leave as this coach said to Jimmy, \"I won't\nteach you because you are potential or escapists.\" It was with all of us. We\nwere afraid. You know what does it mean live in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=7170.0,7200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/241","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Russia and not working? Ten days\nlater, it was futile. Who would save you? What would you go with to market? How\nwould you live? The people in here, in America, when we came, we wonder every\nday we were meeting someone. Whenever we saw people like you or her\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=7200.0,7230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/242","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Did you...?\n\nGRINZAID: Kind, everybody wanted to help, Jewish and non-Jewish.\n\nBERMAN: When you were still in Odessa, did you tell other friends that you were\ngoing to be leaving, or did you keep it to yourselves?\n\nGRINZAID: Keep it. We were telling only those friends who we knew going too. In\nbetween ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=7230.0,7260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/243","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"our closest friends we were telling and helping each other. For example,\nme when it was to my friends, they were late with documents and we knew next\nweek they won't take documents more. I came and I said, \"Give me documents, we\nwill go right away to this office, they are closing to six, we need to come to\nsix o'clock ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=7260.0,7290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/244","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to this office who will sign some document.\" It was tons. I was\ntaking my shoes out like that and around in the street to make them get we were\nnot telling nobody on our job. My assistant who used to work for me, she was\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=7290.0,7320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/245","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sitting with me in my cabinet, other accountants was in another room, and she\nwas financial assistant of mine. I see she sits like that and I said, \"Elle,\nwhat you doing? What you reading under the table?\" \"Anna Mihelna.\" They call you\nby name and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=7320.0,7350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/246","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"middle name. Anna Mihelna. \"I'm reading book.\" \"What book?\" She's\nreading. I'm the head, and she's reading in my office. \"It's English book.\" I\nsaid, \"What English books?\" She showed to me. It was English for beginners. \"I'm\nafraid of you.\" I said, \"Why are you ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=7350.0,7380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/247","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"afraid of me?\" \"I am given documents.\" \"Oh!\nWhy didn't you tell me?\" \"I was afraid of you.\" She was afraid she couldn't read\nEnglish book because if they would see this book, so you mean you want to go\naway. So, it would be dead for you.\n\nBERMAN: Did any of your friends or relatives try to talk you out of leaving?\n\nGRINZAID: No. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=7380.0,7410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/248","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Everybody was envying.\n\nBERMAN: Envying.\n\nGRINZAID: Even Russian. Even Russian friends. They say, \"You lucky.\" You know\nwhat, they start later on, they start fixing fiction marriages between Russian\nand goyim to get out\n\nBERMAN: You mean Russian and Jews?\n\nGRINZAID: to be able to get out. One of Jewish so, he can ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=7410.0,7440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/249","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"escape. Nobody talks\nus out of it. They just say, \"Good luck. Good luck.\" We were very afraid.\nWithout money, without friends. Like a cat, you put cat in a sack, does this cat\nknow what going to be for him? No. We did not know. He said, \"Don't worry, Anna.\nI'm engineer.\" He's a good engineer. \"I will do some\" He can ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=7440.0,7470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/250","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"do he's handyman.\nHe can do everything with hands. He builds the deck, he build the roof, and\nbasement, everything. \"Anything I will do, don't worry.\" I said, \"I will go, and\nI will count the sack or bags, whatever, and I will work too.\" We were very afraid.\n\nBERMAN: Did you leave anyone behind that you...?\n\nGRINZAID: My son, oldest son.\n\nBERMAN: Oh, I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=7470.0,7500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/251","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"didn't know he didn't come with you.\n\nGRINZAID: No, only Jimmy, my youngest son. My oldest son was married, had a\nchild. Child was Russian. Wife was Russian. When I said, \"Do you want to come\nwith us? I would take you because he's my son.\" She said, \"I am Russian, I was\nborn here, I will die in here.\" Ten years later, she wrote me a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=7500.0,7530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/252","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"letter, \"Mama,\"\nshe never said mama to me in Russia. \"Mama, take us out here.\" He knows her, he\nsaw her. They're here.\n\nBERMAN: They're here?\n\nGRINZAID: But, yes! My oldest granddaughter, here.\n\nBERMAN: [laughs] That's a good story!\n\nGRINZAID: But he divorces her here. He married a Jewish woman. [laughs]\n\nBERMAN: You already described first sensations ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=7530.0,7560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/253","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when you came to America, can you\ntell me what you thought of being in Atlanta the traffic, your first time in the\ngrocery store, the how did you feel about it all?\n\nGRINZAID: We lived, you know we felt good. Only one we were afraid to lose the\njob. He was getting job six months later, I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=7560.0,7590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/254","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was getting job two months.\n\nBERMAN: Where did you get your job?\n\nGRINZAID: Munford Incorporation on Peachtree. It closed Jewish Federation. Anna\ntook us, me and another woman, she was also in from Lvov. She was head of\naccounting. Two of us, and it was six more American people on conversation ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=7590.0,7620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/255","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with\napplications to work. They gave the job only to two of us.\n\nBERMAN: And what was the name of the company?\n\nGRINZAID: Munford Incorporation.\n\nBERMAN: Munford.\n\nGRINZAID: Munford.\n\nBERMAN: Where did.\n\nGRINZAID: I worked 12 years at this Munford Incorporation as accountant clerk on Peachtree.\n\nBERMAN: where did Sam get his job?\n\nA. GRINZAID: Oh, Samuel get first job [speaking to Sam] Your first job?\n\nS. GRINZAID: Electrical instrumentation ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=7620.0,7650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/256","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"company. They exist three years and collapse.\n\nA. GRINZAID: And as everything was.\n\nS. GRINZAID: Simons Eastern.\n\nBERMAN: Simons.\n\nA. GRINZAID: Simons Eastern.\n\nS. GRINZAID: Simons Eastern. Near...\n\nA. GRINZAID: A white house.\n\nS. GRINZAID: Center of...\n\nA. GRINZAID: Decatur.\n\nS. GRINZAID: For three years, collapses. Then I found a job ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=7650.0,7680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/257","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"somewhere a job somewhere\nlooking for jobs.\n\nA. GRINZAID: Engineering.\n\nS. GRINZAID: for engineers.\n\nA. GRINZAID: Electrical instrumentation.\n\nS. GRINZAID: He'll need engineers, 50 years plus his experience to debugging ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=7680.0,7710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/258","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"plans\nmales from and then he found other job, so I work for employer in Florida,\nTennessee, California.\n\nA. GRINZAID: Six months in California for government.\n\nS. GRINZAID: Lawrence Livermore.\n\nA. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=7710.0,7740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/259","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"GRINZAID: In California.\n\nS. GRINZAID: Laboratory.\n\nA. GRINZAID: Yes.\n\nBERMAN: Very nice career.\n\nA. GRINZAID: From job to job, he was higher and higher to project engineer.\n\nBERMAN: Was it difficult to learn English for you?\n\nA. GRINZAID: For me, it wasn't so difficult, for Sam ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=7740.0,7770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/260","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"worse, because he had hearing\nbad. They made operation here.\n\nBERMAN: You speak very well.\n\nA. GRINZAID: Well thank you, but I three months we were studying. Federation made\nthis school special in time, in 1979 and three months we were going to. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=7770.0,7800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/261","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was\nschool, right now it's apartment there. It was teachers, one was from Kiev,\nRussian, speaking very well English, teacher. Two was American. One was I still\nremember [speaking to Sam] what is her name, her husband was a doctor, our first\nteacher, English teacher, a state worker for our people.\n\nS. GRINZAID: I don't remember.\n\nA. GRINZAID: Ljubílna Jimmy oná síl'no. Vožaka ljubíla. She loved Jimmy very much.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=7800.0,7830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/262","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"S. GRINZAID: No.\n\nGRINZAID: Oh, if she's alive, she's alive. She's wonderful, and her husband was\ndoctor, and she was a teacher, and she gives the best. So after three months of\ncourse we started working. It was no less and no more. Because I worked ten\nhours a day, four days. Friday, Saturday, and Sunday I was off. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=7830.0,7860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/263","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ten hours, four\ndays, ten hours. Twelve years I worked in Munford Incorporation. Started as\naccountant clerk, just simple with calculator. Then they put me on computer. Up\nand up and up, and then Munford Incorporation died. It was time. Three times\nlike this this ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=7860.0,7890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/264","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"right now, we survived. My Munford Incorporation, they were\nselling, he sold his company. It was two big buildings on Peachtree, across from\nthe Federation, old Federation. Now it's new buildings. It's across Collier Road.\n\nBERMAN: Yes, oh!\n\nGRINZAID: Just on the corner. Two big building. He sold his companies to two\npeople ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=7890.0,7920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/265","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from Cali three one owner from California, one from London, Englishman,\nand one from Florida. Then, I myself found me job in Hutchinson Demolition\nCompany. There I work as accountant for payables, for receivables, I work two\nand a half years and again part time. Then ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=7920.0,7950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/266","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I work for lawyers it was temporary\nwork, three or four months on Peachtree as accountant I work. Then...\n\nBERMAN: What about Jimmy, was it hard for him to adjust?\n\nGRINZAID: No, Jimmy just very easy.\n\nBERMAN: Where did he go to school when he came?\n\nA. GRINZAID: Hebrew Academy.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=7950.0,7980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/267","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"S. GRINZAID: He went to Yeshiva first.\n\nA. GRINZAID: Yeshiva, Yeshiva first. Yeah. Eleven grade, ten and eleven. It was\neleven grade. He was in Yeshiva, I do have a picture of him. Saying one at\ngraduation. In the summertime, he finished ten grade Summertime they offer him a\njob in a Jewish camp for children. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=7980.0,8010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/268","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Those little children, three and four years\nold, they were running after him, holes in both his foot. Next year, when he\nstarted already college next year, all parents called him and said, \"Jimmy, come\nwork, the children miss you!\" He said, \"Listen, I started college, I can't work,\nI need a real job, because you know how in camping, they pay.\" ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=8010.0,8040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/269","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So, he got job at\na Food Giant. First bag boy. Then English...\n\nBERMAN: It's easier when you're younger.\n\nA. GRINZAID: Oh yeah. Then after school he got Georgia Tech. When he got married he\ngot his master's degree of Georgia State. Samuel got his master's ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=8040.0,8070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/270","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"degree at\nGeorgia Tech. He found his book, his work in Georgia Tech, in library.\n\nS. GRINZAID: I was examination six hours.\n\nA. GRINZAID: and got his master's degree because they found his work from Russia.\nLab work and books.\n\nBERMAN: That's amazing.\n\nGRINZAID: Yeah.\n\nBERMAN: Okay, I have a few more questions.\n\nGRINZAID: Okay.\n\nBERMAN: I want to make sure, because I was asked to make sure I asked this\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=8070.0,8100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/271","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"question: when you first when Food Giant, what was your reaction?\n\nGRINZAID: I couldn't say, I couldn't tell you. I still remember you know, we did\nnot show our excitement because we weren't hungry. We had food in Russia, when\nwe came here, we have, we had everything on us, and nice dresses and everything.\nEverybody was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=8100.0,8130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/272","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"having good jobs, our company, they were everybody novaks.\nThey were two engineers from Kiev and we, educated, and he said, \"You cannot\nsteal.\" But we saw what we never see you see we came not from Russia to this store.\n\nBERMAN: Oh.\n\nGRINZAID: We were in Vienna and Italy. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=8130.0,8160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/273","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So, when we came to Italy, on this market\n.have you ever been in Italy, have you been in this round market? You can die\nthere, you can go all around, but you can't touch anything. Here you are looking\nfor tangerine, or apples, you can take this one, oh I don't want, this I take.\nEverything you can choose. In there you can't touch, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=8160.0,8190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/274","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you touch, open up mouth\nlike that, and you don't know how to get escape from there.\n\nBERMAN: I want to I was hoping you could describe your very first Passover seder\nhere in America, in Atlanta.\n\nGRINZAID: Passover, my very first Passover seder was with Rona and Barry Seidel.\n\nBERMAN: Oh, I know them! I know Barry.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=8190.0,8220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/275","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"GRINZAID: It is my best friends. First friends. They run to us in first day in\nsynagogue, I want to tell you. They came, everybody came asking us questions\nwhen first day we were in synagogue. I came to synagogue and I was looking\neverywhere, but we were cultured people, you know educated. We wouldn't go ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=8220.0,8250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/276","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I was\nlooking, talking to people, asking questions, answer everything. Rona and Barry\nrun to us, and said, \"We saw you as first as you came with this group. We want\nto be your friends, we want to help you.\" I said, \"Thank you.\" How we talk,\nBarry talk to me in Yiddish, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=8250.0,8280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/277","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I forgot Yiddish. Because grandma died, who mama\nwould talk Yiddish to, me? I knew a few songs, I still remember mama was singing\nvery good a few Yiddish songs, I still remember, I still know. That's it. German\na little bit. So, he talks to me, we were talking like that, you know, with\nhands, with foot, with everything. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=8280.0,8310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/278","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They took us, and first seder we got in their\nhome. They had very nice family, and they are very nice people. It was Jonathan\nwho was 14, Andrea was 12 probably, and David was eight. We got a few holidays\nwith them. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=8310.0,8340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/279","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We got three or five years. First day from synagogue they took us in\ntheir car, brought us home. Then when we were at school, Rona gave her name to\nhead of school say, \"If something go and happen to Anna, call me.\" I fainted\nonce, I fainted once, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=8340.0,8370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/280","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"something wrong was and they called her, she came, she\ntook me to all doctors, all days she was with me. She wasn't appointed as a case\nworker or...\n\nBERMAN: Just a friend.\n\nGRINZAID: Just yes. So, then we invited, and they loved to be in my house. They\nloved borscht. They only ask what you cook it with. I said, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=8370.0,8400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/281","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"No pork. Of course,\nnot kosher, I don't keep kosher, I don't even know.\" Right now, my children is\nkosher, Harold is kosher, everybody kosher, and when my children wasn't kosher,\nfirst day when they married, they didn't pay much attention. I could bring\nbullion, kotletka, everything. Now I can't bring anything but ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=8400.0,8430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/282","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"me there.\n\nBERMAN: [laughs]\n\nGRINZAID: When I come to Karen, if I am healthy and in good condition, I can\ncook something there.\n\nBERMAN: Is there something you miss about your life in Odessa, in Ukraine?\n\nGRINZAID: What should I say? We didn't have a bad life. We had a good ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=8430.0,8460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/283","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"job, hard.\nWe were getting step-by-step higher and higher, we education But when Jimmy was\nborn, he already see he were asking me if he's Jewish. Only this. But we had not\nbad life. We had a nice apartment which was paying five dollars per month, five\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=8460.0,8490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/284","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"rubles. Then electricity and gas, we had everything. We had a kitchen and a warm\nparovóje otoplénije it means condition and we had everything. We had a shower,\nwe has a bathroom, we had everything exact. But people were leaving. Friend of\nmine right now, he's having a house like that and everything, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=8490.0,8520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/285","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they were living\neight people in one room. Mother and father, she and husband, and two kids, and\nauntie with some eight people in one room. Kitchen for eight families. Lots of\npeople. We I had my mother's apartment, and he has ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=8520.0,8550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/286","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"his stepmother apartment. We\nmade a deal and we had good apartments, we had good jobs, especially we did not suffer.\n\nBERMAN: Did you become a citizen?\n\nGRINZAID: Of course, five years later, we all citizens.\n\nBERMAN: Can you describe what that ceremony was like for you?\n\nGRINZAID: You know, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=8550.0,8580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/287","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"joy. Proud. Proud. We felt very nice. Like holiday. We were\nwaiting for this. Waiting, waiting for time. First green cards, it was joy. Then\nas time ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=8580.0,8610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/288","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"came, we knew how long it should come after you can apply for\ncitizenship. After five years directly we got exam, we got everything as\nsupposed to be. They called us, we all three had interview, we all three passed\nit, it will be we became citizens.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=8610.0,8640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/289","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: And one final question. You started out with Shearith Israel, did you\nremain there?\n\nGRINZAID: From time to time. When my children got married, we were going to\nAhavas Achim because they belonged to A.A. With their parents. Holidays, Harry\ntook us ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=8640.0,8670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/290","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for Hanukkah every year in this holiday But Shearith Israel is far away\nfrom us right now and membership too expensive right now. We are not working\nalmost 20 years right now. When I I was coming later, on holidays, every holiday\nwe are coming to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=8670.0,8700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/291","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Shearith Israel. Right now, my children in another synagogue,\nand came and got me invitation we get from them, or we bought couple of times we\ngo to this synagogue on North.\n\nBERMAN: Chabad on Highland?\n\nA. GRINZAID: It's [speaking to Sam] Kak nazyvát' [rest of phrase is Russian and\npertains to the name of the street] North Druid Hills?\n\nS. GRINZAID: North Druid Hills.\n\nA. GRINZAID: North Druid Hills Synagogue, nice synagogue. Couple of times, they\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=8700.0,8730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/292","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"invited us, without even money, just you put in this little box how much you can\nand that's good. Shearith Israel very expensive. Right now, we are going where\nour children are going. They going to Zaban and we are members of Zaban. This\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=8730.0,8760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/293","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"card from Zaban could work here, no?\n\nBERMAN: Pardon?\n\nGRINZAID: This card, what we have from Zaban.\n\nBERMAN: No.\n\nGRINZAID: No, it doesn't work.\n\nBERMAN: No, we're not\n\nGRINZAID: I saw one man pushing the card and thought, \"Oh, maybe we can push our card.\"\n\nBERMAN: No, no, no, no. It's not it doesn't work on our security gate. Just want\nto make sure everything Ruth wants to ask you a question, but I want to make\nsure before that\n\nGRINZAID: Look at you!\n\nBERMAN: I have asked everything I wanted to ask.\n\nGRINZAID: Don't miss anything.\n\nEINSTEIN: We can always come back.\n\nBERMAN: Because you were so informative. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=8760.0,8790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/294","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Okay, go ahead.\n\nEINSTEIN: I have a couple questions. First of all, when you came back to Odessa\nafter the war, you came back to a city that once had been such a vibrant center\nof Jewish life, with synagogues, with families, with children, schools, and\npapers, and then everybody had been murdered. Did your parents talk about the\nlife that had been lost, the culture that had been lost? Like over the years,\nthere was such Jewish life there, and then it was gone. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=8790.0,8820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/295","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"How did people talk\nabout that, or what did you think about that?\n\nGRINZAID: To tell you the truth, they did not have Jewish life in the city\nbefore war. Before war. Everything, what could be destroyed for Jewish people\nwas destroyed. We ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=8820.0,8850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/296","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"had companies, we could go study, work, but it was harder and\nharder before war started. It was already situation where Jewish people was\nafraid to.\n\nBERMAN: Well, Stalin was already in office\n\nGRINZAID: say they are Jewish.\n\nBERMAN: had already come to power.\n\nGRINZAID: So, it was I do remember one synagogue. I never ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=8850.0,8880.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/297","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"remember, somebody\nmentioned the Passover, or Hanukkah, only here I found out that is Hanukkah.\n\nEINSTEIN: Did you hear that the Russians took responsibility for the murder of\nthe Jews or did they blame the Romanians?\n\nA. GRINZAID: They blame Germans, but not for Jewish, for everybody. Not especially\nfor Jewish. They did not take ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=8880.0,8910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/298","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"any blame. Right now, they are taking blame\nbecause Stalin killed lots of Jewish and non-Jewish. Twenty million.\n\nS. GRINZAID: Twenty-five million.\n\nA. GRINZAID: Twenty-five million of his own people. Jewish, non-Jewish if you were\nJewish you were definitely, but Communists even. He was kill they were killing\neverybody who stood ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=8910.0,8940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/299","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"somehow in their way. So, to tell you the truth, I was a\nlittle one, so I did not know I am Jewish or not Jewish. My friends I never\nwondered, she's Jewish or not.\n\nEINSTEIN: So why did you feel so close to close enough to Judaism and to being\nJewish that when you got here.\n\nGRINZAID: After war.\n\nEINSTEIN: Yeah.\n\nGRINZAID: After war, when I saw what happened in the war, when I saw ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=8940.0,8970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/300","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a lot of\nUkrainians people give up Jews for murder, Russian give up Jews for murder, then\nI became a Jewish. I knew I am a Jewish. Sam hates Ukrainian because the mostly\nwho was killing Jewish it is not Germans, it was Ukrainian policeman.\n\nBERMAN: Yes, and the Romanians did their share in the beginning too.\n\nGRINZAID: The Romanians were ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=8970.0,9000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/301","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"better they were better. You could pay, you could\npay them off, you know? Romanians they were greedy, gypsies.\n\nBERMAN: Pardon, Sam?\n\nS. GRINZAID: Ukrainian battalion Nachtigall.\n\nA. GRINZAID: Battalion.\n\nS. GRINZAID: They kill much more than German.\n\nBERMAN: Yes.\n\nA. GRINZAID: If they were seeing Jewish boy run away, they were like, \"Oh! Jew,\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=9000.0,9030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/302","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jew, Jew, kill them! Run away!\"\n\nEINSTEIN: So, was one of the things that you wanted to experience when you got\nhere was a religious Jewish religious life? Were you thinking about that?\n\nGRINZAID: I want to be Jew, I want to be Jew, I want to be not afraid to be Jew.\nIf want to be religious, if I want to go to synagogue, I go like that. If I want\nto celebrate, if it is Passover, it is holiday for me. It is holiday for me.\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=9030.0,9060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/303","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"After Rona and Barry when my son got married, I got all my holidays in this\nfamily. His oldest son, David, who lives right now in Israel, he was inviting us\nin every holiday. Introducing us, with this saying, \"Anna, you want to read?\nSamuel, you want to read?\" How we could read, everybody ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=9060.0,9090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/304","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"reads, you know, when it\nis seder, when it's everything. I right now, when I looking at my grandson and\nhe is reading on shabbat he is reading this prayer.\n\nBERMAN: Kiddish.\n\nGRINZAID: Kiddish, kiddish, forgot the word. Kiddish. My son reads, but my\ngrandson, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=9090.0,9120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/305","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"gibberish mimicking reading Hebrew very quickly, my granddaughter, and\nI feel proud.\n\nBERMAN: Where do they go?\n\nGRINZAID: I would never say a Yiddish word in Russia in front of some officials.\n\nBERMAN: Well, I think on that note, we can conclude, because you don't have much\nof a voice left and...\n\nGRINZAID: No, no, no, no. I can still go\n\nBERMAN: it was just a wonderful interview, thank you so much.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=9120.0,9150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/transcript/24854/annotation/306","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"GRINZAID: Yes, yes.\n\nBERMAN: [Speaking to Sam] Thank you for bringing her to us.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=9150.0,9180.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/annotation_set/471","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Grinzaid_Anna [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/annotation_set/471/annotation/307","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOdessa is the administrative center of its province, Odessa Oblast, and is currently the fourth largest city in Ukraine.  In the nineteenth century it was similarly the fourth largest city of Imperial Russia, and prior to the Holocaust, the city had a large Jewish community.  In 1897, Jews comprised 37% of the total population, however the community was repeatedly subjected to severe persecution through a series of pogroms between 1821 and 1905.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/annotation_set/471/annotation/308","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDuring World War II, from 1941-1944, Odessa was subject to Romanian administration, as the city had been made part of the Transnistria Governorate, a Romanian administered territory, conquered by the Axis Powers from the Soviet Union during Operation Barbarossa [the invasion of the Soviet United by Germany which was launched in June, 1941].\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=330.0,360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/annotation_set/471/annotation/309","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eДвор – Russian for “yard”\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=480.0,510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/annotation_set/471/annotation/310","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Odessa massacre was the extermination of the Jewish community of Odessa and its surrounding towns in Transnistria during the autumn of 1941 through the winter of 1942 enacted by Romanian forces under German control.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=630.0,660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/annotation_set/471/annotation/311","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eКавказ – Russian for “Caucasus,” a geopolitical region at the border of Europe and Asia, and situated between the Black and the Caspian sea.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=660.0,690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/annotation_set/471/annotation/312","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eПроводник – Russian for “conductor.”\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=720.0,750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/annotation_set/471/annotation/313","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eKuban is a geographic region of Southern Russia surrounding the Kuban River, on the Black Sea between the Don Steppe, Volga Delta and the Caucasus.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=960.0,990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/annotation_set/471/annotation/314","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eХата – Russian for “house.”\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=1020.0,1050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/annotation_set/471/annotation/315","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAt this point, Anna was located in Ordzhonikidze, a city of oblast subordinance in Dnipropetrovsk Oblast of central Ukraine.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=1200.0,1230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/annotation_set/471/annotation/316","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eNura is a Russian nickname for Anna.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=1230.0,1260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/annotation_set/471/annotation/317","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eДесант – Russian for “landing troops.”\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=1290.0,1320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/annotation_set/471/annotation/318","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA kolkhoz, plural kolkhozy, was a form of collective farming in the Soviet Union that existed along with state farms.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=1320.0,1350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/annotation_set/471/annotation/319","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eБуйвол – Russian for “buffalo.”\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=1440.0,1470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/annotation_set/471/annotation/320","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eКорова – Russian for “cow.”\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=1440.0,1470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/annotation_set/471/annotation/321","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eта́чки – Russian for “wheelbarrows.”\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=1470.0,1500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/annotation_set/471/annotation/322","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eАрба – Russian for “horse-drawn cart.”\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=1470.0,1500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/annotation_set/471/annotation/323","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eса́ла – Russian for “lard.”\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=1470.0,1500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/annotation_set/471/annotation/324","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eКаша – Russian for “porridge.”\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=1470.0,1500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/annotation_set/471/annotation/325","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eГречка – Russian for “buckwheat.”\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=1500.0,1530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/annotation_set/471/annotation/326","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMakhachkala is the capital city of the Republic of Dagestan, Russia.  It is located on the western shore of the Caspian Sea.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=1650.0,1680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/annotation_set/471/annotation/327","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eКаспийское море – Russian for “Caspian Sea.”\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=1650.0,1680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/annotation_set/471/annotation/328","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBaku is the capital and largest city of Azerbaijan, as well as the largest city on the Caspian Sea and of the Caucasus region.  It is located on the southern shore of the Absheron Peninsula, which projects into the Caspian Sea.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=1950.0,1980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/annotation_set/471/annotation/329","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Lenin, formerly known as Simbirsk, was a Soviet steamer that was leading a convoy of vessels on July 24, 1941 from Odessa to Mariupol via Sevastopol and finally to Yalta.  However, after leaving Mariupol on July 27, 1941, the ship received a fatal explosion of an unknown nature and sank within ten minutes\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=2160.0,2190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/annotation_set/471/annotation/330","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTashkent is the capital of Uzbekistan and the Tashkent Province.  The city began to industrialize in the 1920s and 1930s, but industry increased tremendously during World War II, with the relocation of factories from western Russia to preserve the Soviet industrial capacity from the invading Nazis.  The Russian population increased dramatically as well, with evacuees from the war zones increasing the population to well over a million.  The Russians and Ukrainians would eventually comprise more than half of the total residents of Tashkent.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=2460.0,2490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/annotation_set/471/annotation/331","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eтокарь – Russian for “lathe operator.”\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=2490.0,2520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/annotation_set/471/annotation/332","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eмина – Russian for (explosive) “mine.”\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=2490.0,2520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/annotation_set/471/annotation/333","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eСтанок – Russian for “lathe.”\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=2520.0,2550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/annotation_set/471/annotation/334","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eкак называть станок – Russian phrase, meaning “How would you say stanók [in English]?”\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=2520.0,2550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/annotation_set/471/annotation/335","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSamarkand is the second-largest city in Uzbekistan and the capital of Samarqand Province.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=2640.0,2670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/annotation_set/471/annotation/336","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eשמאטע – Yiddish for “rag.”\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=2700.0,2730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/annotation_set/471/annotation/337","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eבארוועס – Yiddish for “barefoot.”\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=2760.0,2790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/annotation_set/471/annotation/338","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eКто – Russian for “who?”\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=3150.0,3180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/annotation_set/471/annotation/339","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eКто обьявлял военный действие по радио? – Russian phrase, meaning “Who announced military action on the radio?”\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=3150.0,3180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/annotation_set/471/annotation/340","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eYury Levitan (1914-1983).  In June 1941 Levitan read the Soviet Information Bureau message about the start of the war with Germany and voiced information bulletins from the fronts during all four years of fighting.  In the list of the enemies of the Third Reich Levitan was under number one.  Stalin was listed second.  Two hundred fifty thousand Deutschmarks were promised for killing Levitan, and a special SS unit was planning a diversion in Moscow to eliminate the radio presenter.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=3150.0,3180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/annotation_set/471/annotation/341","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eUnited Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA) was created at a 44-nation conference at the White House on November 9, 1943.  Its mission was to provide economic assistance to European nations after World War II ended and to repatriate and assist the refugees who would come under Allied control.  The U.S. government funded half of UNRRA's budget.    The UNRRA managed hundreds of displaced persons camps in Germany, Italy, and Austria after the war.  It provided health and welfare assistance to the DPs, as well as vocational training and entertainment.  It administered the work of 23 separate volunteer welfare agencies, including the Joint Distribution Committee, the Organization for Rehabilitation through Training (ORT), and the Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society (HIAS).  In late 1945, as the displaced persons camps were given greater autonomy, the voluntary agencies increasingly operated independently.  However, the UNRRA continued to serve as a major employer of displaced persons.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=3450.0,3480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/annotation_set/471/annotation/342","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eגויים – Yiddish for “non-Jew.”\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=3510.0,3540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/annotation_set/471/annotation/343","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eשטעט– Yiddish diminuative of שטעטל, shtetl,for “town.”\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=3540.0,3570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/annotation_set/471/annotation/344","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTo offset the growing Jewish national and religious aspirations of Zionism and to successfully categorize Soviet Jews under Stalin's nationality policy, an alternative to the Land of Israel was established with the help of Komzet and OZET in 1928.  The Jewish Autonomous Oblast with the center in Birobidzhan in the Russian Far East was to become a “Soviet Zion.”  Yiddish, rather than “reactionary” Hebrew, would be the national language, and proletarian socialist literature and arts would replace Judaism as the quintessence of culture.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=4170.0,4200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/annotation_set/471/annotation/345","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLavrentiy Pavlovich Beria (1899-1953) was a Georgian Soviet politician and state security administrator, chief of the Soviet security and secret police apparatus (NKVD) under Joseph Stalin during World War II, and Deputy Premier in the postwar years. Beria was the longest lived and most influential of Stalin's secret police chiefs, wielding his most substantial influence during and after World War II.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=4200.0,4230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/annotation_set/471/annotation/346","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Doctors’ plot was the most dramatic anti-Jewish episode in the Soviet Union during Joseph Stalin’s regime, involving the “discovery” and “unmasking” of a group of prominent Moscow doctors, predominantly Jews, as conspiratorial assassins of Soviet leaders.  The public outing of these individuals was accompanied by sham trials and antisemitic propaganda flooded through the mass media.  Scores of Soviet Jews were promptly dismissed from their jobs, arrested, sent to the Gulag, or executed. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=4230.0,4260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/annotation_set/471/annotation/347","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHarold Arnovitz, her son’s father-in-law.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=4440.0,4470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/annotation_set/471/annotation/348","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe word tallis is a representation of the Ashkenazi pronunciation of the word tallit.  A tallit is a prayer shawl fringed at each of the four corners in accordance with biblical law.  The wearing of tallit at worship is obligatory only for married men, but it is customarily worn also by males of bar mitzvah age and older. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=4530.0,4560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/annotation_set/471/annotation/349","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHebrew Immigrant Aid Society was founded in 1881.  The constant flow of Jewish immigrants from Russia gave birth to the society.  HIAS assists Jews and other groups of people whose lives and freedom are at risk, through rescue, relocation, family reunification, and resettlement.  Since its inception HIAS has rescued and resettled nearly 4.5 million people. HIAS’ offices throughout the world provide a wide array of legal and support services.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=4740.0,4770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/annotation_set/471/annotation/350","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJimmy is Anna’s son.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=4860.0,4890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/annotation_set/471/annotation/351","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eПосольство – Russian for “embassy.”\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=4920.0,4950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/annotation_set/471/annotation/352","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eПансион – Russian for “boarding house.”\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=5130.0,5160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/annotation_set/471/annotation/353","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eKaren Arnovitz is Jimmy’s wife and Anna’s daughter-in-law.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=5160.0,5190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/annotation_set/471/annotation/354","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eПансионат – Russian for “holiday hotel.” Similar to Пансион.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=5370.0,5400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/annotation_set/471/annotation/355","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePassoscuro is a small town and beach resort situated in the comune of Fiumicino in the Lazio region of Italy, south of Rome, at the Tyrrhenian Sea.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=5400.0,5430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/annotation_set/471/annotation/356","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLadispoli is a town and comune in the province of Rome, Lazio, central Italy.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=5400.0,5430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/annotation_set/471/annotation/357","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eФунт – Russian for “pound,” such as the English pound, meaning a type of currency.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=5430.0,5460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/annotation_set/471/annotation/358","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eФунты – Russian plural of fund, “pounds.”\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=5460.0,5490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/annotation_set/471/annotation/359","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAnna Svirenko was the employee from Jewish Family and Career Services in charge of the aid for Russian immigrants.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=5580.0,5610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/annotation_set/471/annotation/360","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eNikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev (1894-1971) led the Soviet Union during part of the Cold War. He served as First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1953 to 1964, and as Chairman of the Council of Ministers, or Premier, from 1958 to 1964.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=6630.0,6660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/annotation_set/471/annotation/361","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRefusenik, (in Russian отказник, otkaznik, from отказ, otkaz, meaning “refusal”) was an unofficial term for individuals, typically but not exclusively, Soviet Jews, who were denied permission to emigrate abroad by the authorities of the former Soviet Union and other countries of the Eastern bloc. The term refusenik is derived from the “refusal” handed down to a prospective emigrant from the Soviet authorities.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=7050.0,7080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/annotation_set/471/annotation/362","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eСлышали слово отказник – Russian phrase meaning, “Have you heard the word refusenik?”\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=7050.0,7080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/annotation_set/471/annotation/363","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDr. Yury Podrazhansky, received his degree from Chemical Technologic University in Ukraine and graduated from Kharkov Institute of Radio Electronics with an M.S.  in Electronic and Radio Frequency engineering.  He was Chief Engineer of Special Design Bureau for the Russian Department of Defense in Ukraine until 1978 when he immigrated to the United States.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=7050.0,7080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/annotation_set/471/annotation/364","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLeonid Ilyich Brezhnev (1906-1982) was the General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, presiding over the country from 1964 until his death in 1982. The meeting between Brezhnev and Jimmy Carter was the Strategic Arms Limitation Talks, a controversial experiment of negotiations between Jimmy Carter and Leonid Brezhnev from 1977 to 1979 between the U.S. and the Soviet Union, which sought to curtail the manufacture of strategic nuclear weapons.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=7110.0,7140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/annotation_set/471/annotation/365","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eVerse from Passover song entitled “Go Down Moses,” derived from Exodus 7:16, “And the Lord spoke unto Moses, go unto Pharaoh, and say unto him, thus saith the Lord, Let my people go, that they may serve me.”\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=7140.0,7170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/annotation_set/471/annotation/366","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe offices of Munford Inc. were located at 1860-1875 Peachtree Road NW.  Dillard Munford founded the Munford Company to manufacture rock wool insulation, primarily for Sears, Roebuck \u0026amp; Company, and then ventured into retailing.  The first Munford Do-It-Yourself store opened in 1952; ten years later the chain merged with Atlantic Company.  Acquisitions and mergers led to further expansion into a chain of 46 stores.  Munford also headed the Majik Market convenience stores, the World Bazaar, and Lee Ward’s Creative Crafts.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=7590.0,7620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/annotation_set/471/annotation/367","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLviv (Ukrainian: Львів L’viv, but in Russian: Львов, L'vov) is a city in western Ukraine. The city is regarded as one of the main cultural centres of today's Ukraine and historically has also been a major Jewish cultural center, as Jews were one of the main ethnicities of the city until the Holocaust.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502#t=7590.0,7620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39884/file/111502/annotation_set/471/annotation/368","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eЛюбила Jimmy она сильно. 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