{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/dn3zs2n296/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Epstein, Warren"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["2005-4-27 (captured)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Agent"]},"value":{"en":["Epstein, Warren (Interviewee)","Schoenberg, Irv (Interviewer)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["Audio"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source"]},"value":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum","Esther \u0026amp; Herbert Taylor Jewish Oral History Collection"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eWarren Epstein was interviewed by Irv Schoenberg on April 27, 2005, in Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e (general)","\u003cp\u003e           Warren Epstein was born on January 23, 1935, in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania. He is the youngest son of Monte and Florence Friedman Epstein. He had one older brother, Jerome who was born in 1931. Warren grew up in Wilkes-Barre where his parents operated a men’s clothing store. His family were members of the Conservative synagogue, Temple Israel in Wilkes-Barre. He attended Franklin Street School, Elmer L. Meyers High School and graduated from Wyoming Seminary, a private college preparatory high school.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e           After graduating from high school, he attended Georgia Tech and studied architecture. In college, he was a member of the Alpha Epsilon Pi fraternity. He served as the chapter president during his senior year of college and served as an advisor during the late 1960’s until 1970. Warren served in an Army Reserve Unit and was stationed in Fort Belvoir in Virginia for six months. He worked with various architectural firms in Atlanta including Wise Simpson \u0026amp; Aiken, Michael Hack \u0026amp; Associates, and Massell Companies. In 1962, he started his own architectural firm and for several years had a partnership with Ben Hirsch, which ended in 1975. He continued operating his own firm, which is now known as Warren Epstein and Associates, Architects, Inc. His son, Kyle is now the Principle of the firm with Warren serving as Principle Emeritus.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e           Warren married Janice Lincove in 1958, and they had four sons, Mark, Lane, Kyle and Glen. Warren and Jan were founding members of Temple Sinai in Atlanta, where they both served as congregational presidents. He also served as president of the Bureau of Jewish Education and was active with the Union of Jewish Reform. Professionally, Warren was active with various organizations including the American Institute of Architects, Construction Specification Institute, National Fire Protection Association and the Building Code Council. He also was trained as an arbitrator. Warren has various hobbies including genealogy, photographer, and coin and stamp collecting. Warren and Jan continue to reside in Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e (bioghist)","\u003cp\u003e          Warren begins the interview by discussing his family. He shares about the genealogical work he has done on his family. He talks about his family history and where his great grandparents came from. He recalls growing up in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania and the schools he attended. Warren discusses the antisemitism his family faced and shares an incident that happened to his brother. He recalls how he ended up attending Wyoming Seminary and what it was like attending a Christian high school. He shares about the synagogue his family attended in Wilkes-Barre.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e          Warren discusses how he knew he wanted to be an architect from a young age. He talks about getting into Georgia Tech and his involvement with the Jewish fraternities. He details his experience in the Army Reserve and reflects on his time in the military. Warren mentions a story of his’s grandmother’s experience with antisemitism in Broward County, Florida. He shares about his early career and some of the architect firms he worked for. He recalls starting his own firm in 1962 and how his partnership with Ben Hirsch came about. He reflects on the size architect firm he enjoys operating and some of the synagogue projects he has worked on over the years.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e          He discusses various Jewish communities in Atlanta and how he ended up joining Alpha Epsilon Pi fraternity at Georgia Tech. Warren mentions some of the differences he has seen between the Sephardic, Conservative, and Reform groups. He remembers how he ended up joining Alpha Epsilon Pi, his involvement in the fraternity and some of the people in the fraternity. He discusses his architectural interest in synagogues and those who have influenced him. Warren details his professional organizational involvement and how his son, Kyle, influenced his work in historic preservation. He reflects on whether architecture is a career for Jews.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e          Warren talks about how his family got involved in Temple Sinai. He details his involvement in the synagogue and the challenges he faced while he was the congregational president. He mentions helping set up the synagogues endowment fund and involvement with the Bureau of Jewish Education. Warren remembers Temple Sinai’s first rabbi, Dick Lerman, and the impact he had on the congregation including his push to limit the synagogue’s membership. He discusses his wife, Jan’s involvement as president of Temple Sinai and their on-going involvement in the Union for Reform Judaism.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e          He spoke about his wife, Jan including her time as Temple Sinai president and her career. Warren shares her involvement in Atlanta Interfaith Broadcasters and the success of her program “Tikkun Olam.” He discusses their four sons, Mark, Lane, Kyle, and Glen and what each does and their families. He reflects on his hobbies in photography, genealogy, stamp and coin collecting, Olympic pin collecting, and Judaica items. Warren shares his view on how he and Jan plan to handle their collections after their deaths. He reflects on his Jewish legacy and how he tries to hand that down to his family. Warren ends the interview discussing the conversation he had with his sons after they completed their educations and his appreciation for being able to share his story.\u003c/p\u003e (scope content)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject"]},"value":{"en":["Epstein, Warren (personal name)","Epstein, Monte (personal name)","Epstein, Florence Friedman (personal name)","Epstein, Jerome (personal name)","Epstein, Julius (personal name)","Epstein, Fannie Lippman (personal name)","Epstein, Louis (personal name)","Epstein, Rosa Carlstein (personal name)","Epstein, Janice “Jan” Lincove (personal name)","Epstein, Mark (personal name)","Epstein, Lane (personal name)","Epstein, Kyle (personal name)","Epstein, Glen (personal name)","Epstein, Paul (personal name)","Mittelman, Jacob (personal name)","Fisher, Ham (personal name)","Flood, Dan (personal name)","Hack, Michael (personal name)","Massell, Sr., Ben (personal name)","Hirsch, Ben (personal name)","Masila, Victor (personal name)","Bachman, Gilbert “Gil” (personal name)","Socol, Leon (personal name)","Hoffman, Arnold (personal name)","Loef, Frederick “Freddy” (personal name)","Goodman, Percival (personal name)","Mendelsohn, Erich (personal name)","Roosevelt, Franklin Delano (personal name)","Lehrman, Rabbi Richard (personal name)","Spotts, Leon (personal name)","Metzel, Gary (personal name)","Bogart, Larry (personal name)","Schindler, Rabbi Alexander (personal name)","Allen, Rev. John H. (personal name)","Wright, Frank Lloyd (personal name)","Schele, Egon (personal name)","Katz, Shlomo (personal name)","Aronson, David (personal name)","Ratner, Phillip (personal name)","Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania (geographic term)","Scranton, Pennsylvania (geographic term)","Kingston, Pennsylvania (geographic term)","Bay City, Michigan (geographic term)","Chicago, Illinois (geographic term)","Roman, Romania (geographic term)","Budapest, Hungary (geographic term)","Pocono Mountains (geographic term)","Columbia, South Carolina (geographic term)","Washington, D.C. (geographic term)","Fort Lauderdale, Florida (geographic term)","Savannah, Georgia (geographic term)","Clearwater, Florida (geographic term)","Charleston, South Carolina (geographic term)","Shreveport, Louisiana (geographic term)","Virginia Beach, Virginia (geographic term)","Roswell, Georgia (geographic term)","Athens, Georgia (geographic term)","Riverdale, Georgia (geographic term)","Charlotte, North Carolina (geographic term)","Fort Jackson (corporate name)","Fort Belvoir (corporate name)","Ellis Island (corporate name)","Massachusetts Institute of Technology (corporate name)","Georgia Tech (corporate name)","Emory University (corporate name)","Penn State (corporate name)","Georgia State University (corporate name)","University of Virginia (corporate name)","North Carolina State University (corporate name)","École of Beaux-Arts (corporate name)","Wyoming Seminary College Preparatory School (corporate name)","Temple Israel (Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania) (corporate name)","Temple Sinai (corporate name)","The Temple (corporate name)","Ahavath Achim (corporate name)","Congregation Or VeShalom (corporate name)","Congregation Shearith Israel (corporate name)","Temple Emanu-El (corporate name)","Temple Kol Emeth (corporate name)","Temple B’nai Israel (Clearwater, Florida) (corporate name)","Temple Emanu-El (Charleston, South Carolina) (corporate name)","Congregation Agudath Achim (Shreveport, Louisiana) (corporate name)","The Standard Club (corporate name)","Alpha Epsilon Pi (corporate name)","Tau Epsilon Phi (corporate name)","Phi Epsilon Pi (corporate name)","B’nai B’rith Girls (corporate name)","Atlanta Bureau of Jewish Education (corporate name)","Reserve Officers’ Training Corps (ROTC) (corporate name)","Wise, Simpson, Aiken and Associates (corporate name)","Hack \u0026amp; Associates (corporate name)","Anti-Defamation League (ADL) (corporate name)","Massell Realty Company (corporate name)","Central Conference of American Rabbis (corporate name)","Union of Reform Judaism (corporate name)","Atlanta Interfaith Broadcasters (corporate name)","Interfaith and Disability Network (corporate name)","Torah Day School of Atlanta (corporate name)","Alfred and Adele Davis Academy (corporate name)","North American Federation for Temple Youth (NFTY) (corporate name)","Georgia Genealogical Society (corporate name)","American Civil War (named event)","World War II (named event)","Yom Kippur War (named event)","Vietnam War (named event)","1996 Atlanta Summer Olympics (named event)","1992 Barcelona Summer Olympics (named event)","American Revolutionary War (named event)","Antisemitism (topical term)","Conservative Judaism (topical term)","Reform Judaism (topical term)","Sephardic Judaism (topical term)","Orthodox Judaism (topical term)","Bar Mitzvah (topical term)","Yom Kippur (topical term)","Rosh HaShanah (topical term)","Cheder (topical term)","Shul (topical term)","Kashrut (topical term)","Shabbat (topical term)","Mezuzah (topical term)","Torah (topical term)","Minhag (topical term)","Shtetl (topical term)","Hanukiah (topical term)","Kiddisuh cup (topical term)","Tashlikh (topical term)","Chuppah (topical term)","Congregation Dor Tamid (corporate name)","Alpharetta, Georgia (geographic term)"]}}],"summary":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eWarren Epstein was interviewed by Irv Schoenberg on April 27, 2005, in Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Warren Epstein was born on January 23, 1935, in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania. He is the youngest son of Monte and Florence Friedman Epstein. He had one older brother, Jerome who was born in 1931. Warren grew up in Wilkes-Barre where his parents operated a men\u0026rsquo;s clothing store. His family were members of the Conservative synagogue, Temple Israel in Wilkes-Barre. He attended Franklin Street School, Elmer L. Meyers High School and graduated from Wyoming Seminary, a private college preparatory high school.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;After graduating from high school, he attended Georgia Tech and studied architecture. In college, he was a member of the Alpha Epsilon Pi fraternity. He served as the chapter president during his senior year of college and served as an advisor during the late 1960\u0026rsquo;s until 1970. Warren served in an Army Reserve Unit and was stationed in Fort Belvoir in Virginia for six months. He worked with various architectural firms in Atlanta including Wise Simpson \u0026amp; Aiken, Michael Hack \u0026amp; Associates, and Massell Companies. In 1962, he started his own architectural firm and for several years had a partnership with Ben Hirsch, which ended in 1975. He continued operating his own firm, which is now known as Warren Epstein and Associates, Architects, Inc. His son, Kyle is now the Principle of the firm with Warren serving as Principle Emeritus.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Warren married Janice Lincove in 1958, and they had four sons, Mark, Lane, Kyle and Glen. Warren and Jan were founding members of Temple Sinai in Atlanta, where they both served as congregational presidents. He also served as president of the Bureau of Jewish Education and was active with the Union of Jewish Reform. Professionally, Warren was active with various organizations including the American Institute of Architects, Construction Specification Institute, National Fire Protection Association and the Building Code Council. He also was trained as an arbitrator. Warren has various hobbies including genealogy, photographer, and coin and stamp collecting. Warren and Jan continue to reside in Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; Warren begins the interview by discussing his family. He shares about the genealogical work he has done on his family. He talks about his family history and where his great grandparents came from. He recalls growing up in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania and the schools he attended. Warren discusses the antisemitism his family faced and shares an incident that happened to his brother. He recalls how he ended up attending Wyoming Seminary and what it was like attending a Christian high school. He shares about the synagogue his family attended in Wilkes-Barre.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; Warren discusses how he knew he wanted to be an architect from a young age. He talks about getting into Georgia Tech and his involvement with the Jewish fraternities. He details his experience in the Army Reserve and reflects on his time in the military. Warren mentions a story of his\u0026rsquo;s grandmother\u0026rsquo;s experience with antisemitism in Broward County, Florida. He shares about his early career and some of the architect firms he worked for. He recalls starting his own firm in 1962 and how his partnership with Ben Hirsch came about. He reflects on the size architect firm he enjoys operating and some of the synagogue projects he has worked on over the years.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; He discusses various Jewish communities in Atlanta and how he ended up joining Alpha Epsilon Pi fraternity at Georgia Tech. Warren mentions some of the differences he has seen between the Sephardic, Conservative, and Reform groups. He remembers how he ended up joining Alpha Epsilon Pi, his involvement in the fraternity and some of the people in the fraternity. He discusses his architectural interest in synagogues and those who have influenced him. Warren details his professional organizational involvement and how his son, Kyle, influenced his work in historic preservation. He reflects on whether architecture is a career for Jews.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; Warren talks about how his family got involved in Temple Sinai. He details his involvement in the synagogue and the challenges he faced while he was the congregational president. He mentions helping set up the synagogues endowment fund and involvement with the Bureau of Jewish Education. Warren remembers Temple Sinai\u0026rsquo;s first rabbi, Dick Lerman, and the impact he had on the congregation including his push to limit the synagogue\u0026rsquo;s membership. He discusses his wife, Jan\u0026rsquo;s involvement as president of Temple Sinai and their on-going involvement in the Union for Reform Judaism.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; He spoke about his wife, Jan including her time as Temple Sinai president and her career. Warren shares her involvement in Atlanta Interfaith Broadcasters and the success of her program \u0026ldquo;Tikkun Olam.\u0026rdquo; He discusses their four sons, Mark, Lane, Kyle, and Glen and what each does and their families. He reflects on his hobbies in photography, genealogy, stamp and coin collecting, Olympic pin collecting, and Judaica items. Warren shares his view on how he and Jan plan to handle their collections after their deaths. He reflects on his Jewish legacy and how he tries to hand that down to his family. Warren ends the interview discussing the conversation he had with his sons after they completed their educations and his appreciation for being able to share his story.\u003c/p\u003e"]},"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/public/images/audio-default.png","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - Epstein_Warren_complete_interview.mp3"]},"duration":7268.75429,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/public/images/audio-default.png","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-thebreman.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/250/175/original/Epstein_Warren_complete_interview.mp3?1725625690","type":"Audio","format":"audio/mpeg","duration":7268.75429,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Epstein, Warren [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSCHOENBERG:\u003c/strong\u003e This is Irv Schoenberg speaking. I'm interviewing Warren M. Epstein, who is the memoirist on this tape, on the date of April 27, 2005. We are doing this for the Jewish Oral History Project of Atlanta, co-sponsored by the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum, the American Jewish Committee, and the National Council of Jewish Women. Now Warren, let's start with the very early days. I've done some research on you. We want to go way, way back.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=11.0,46.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eEPSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e Okay.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=46.0,47.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSCHOENBERG:\u003c/strong\u003e Start with the date of birth, place and date of birth.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=47.0,53.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eEPSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e Born on the 23rd of January 1935, in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, which is up in the northeast corner of Pennsylvania.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=53.0,63.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSCHOENBERG:\u003c/strong\u003e State your full name. That will positively identify.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=63.0,67.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eEPSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e Warren Martin Epstein.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=67.0,70.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSCHOENBERG:\u003c/strong\u003e I think you have a Hebrew name, so we'd like to have that, too.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=70.0,73.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eEPSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e Wolf Meir Ben Manus.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=73.0,76.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSCHOENBERG:\u003c/strong\u003e Is there any significance to any of those particular names?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=76.0,79.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eEPSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e The Wolf Meir was named after ancestors preceding me. Of course, the Manus is my father's Hebrew name, which really, I think it's a Yiddish name.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=79.0,91.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSCHOENBERG:\u003c/strong\u003e Your parents’ names.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=91.0,93.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eEPSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e My father was the second of six children, six sons. His name was Monte Epstein. He was also born in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania. My mother was Florence Freedman, was her maiden name. She was born in Scranton, Pennsylvania.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=93.0,115.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSCHOENBERG:\u003c/strong\u003e Good, and since we're rounding out the family, I believe you had a sibling.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=115.0,120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eEPSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, I did. His name was Jerome Nathan Epstein, and he was born four years prior to me in 1931.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=120.0,130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSCHOENBERG:\u003c/strong\u003e I know from our friendship that you're very much interested in genealogy and that you have a chart. It's somewhere in this house. Tell us about it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=130.0,141.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eEPSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e Back in, I guess around the late 1960's, being in Atlanta, Georgia, having four sons and no relatives immediately in our community and my sons knowing virtually only their immediate first cousins in Louisiana and my parents and my brother. They . . . gave us a sense that they were . . . sort of apart from, they didn't know anything about the family. Jan and I started to travel instead of sending the kids to camp. We would travel around the country . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=141.0,181.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSCHOENBERG:\u003c/strong\u003e . . . You just introduce the name, Jan.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=181.0,183.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eEPSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e Jan is my wife. I'm sorry, Janice. We started to travel with the children when they were very young. That precipitated, perhaps, maybe putting on paper some genealogical record that they could see visually . . . in our home. What started out probably around 1968 and continued up until about 1970, I had traced our family back about four generations and probably have somewhere around seven, 800 names on that genealogical chart. What I did was a little bit differently. It's not a really a genealogical tree. It really starts with my sons and then builds up from there, each preceding generation. I decided at that time, while the information was still available, since several of my aunts and uncles were still alive, that I would even get a little biographical sketches of them, because I think that's just as important . . . as knowing their birth date, death date, and so forth.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=183.0,250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSCHOENBERG:\u003c/strong\u003e Now I'm thinking specifically of a photographic chart.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=250.0,256.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eEPSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e That was my next project, I guess. Once I had the chart completed with . . . all the names and family names, by generations. I also, I guess, coincidentally became somewhat the archivist for family photographs. My parents moved from Wilkes-Barre to Florida back in the late 1950's. They sort of shipped everything to me because they didn't have places to keep it and weren't inclined. I had a lot of the family albums and as, unfortunately, as ancestors, aunts and uncles, grandmothers died, I inherited a lot of that information. I started to cawl through that information. Since I had visual memories of who these people were in these photographs, the first thing I started to do is identify it . . . so the future generations would know who they were. The second thing I decided to do was, since photography is also one of my little hobbies, doing a lot of photocopying. Finally, what I did is on both sides of the family, my wife's side, as well as my side of the family. I and match the genealogical chart which photographs for those ancestors that I had and that was mounted on either side of the genealogical tree that I had put together.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=256.0,340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSCHOENBERG:\u003c/strong\u003e I've seen that chart. It is very interesting and a real eye opener. Let's call it that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=340.0,347.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eEPSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e I don't want to jump ahead, but because we're coming up with an Epstein family reunion this coming summer, my children have been trying to get me to update that because obviously it shows them as very young children. Now they're married and have children of their own. You add to that the advent of the internet and different genealogical information you can get from Ellis Island and so forth that I have now updated that chart and found out, in fact, by going through old census on the internet that . . . there were some tactical errors and changes in terms of dates of birth, dates of immigration, etc.  I'm in the process now of totally updating that chart, and I'll be adding. It will probably grow between . . . my children's spouses and their families on to it, and the additional information gleaned from the internet, we'll probably have well over a thousand, 1200 names on the chart. I assume, it's in process right now.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=347.0,411.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSCHOENBERG:\u003c/strong\u003e Very interesting. Let's go back. Where did your families come from overseas, in the old country?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=411.0,418.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eEPSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e That was difficult . . . for me to know because in my younger years it wasn't really shared with me. Being that from the Epstein side of the family, they had been in this country like three generations prior to me. On my father's mother's side, she spoke perfect English, as did my mother's, both of her parents. It was sort of strange, when friends of ours had parents or grandparents had heavy accents. My family did not. It was sort of strange, but we have now been going through a lot of information and we have found that, for example, that the Epstein family, my great grandfather's name was Julius Epstein. He was born in 1839. We believe now, by the research that I've been doing, that he was from Kappa, Poland, which was in the [indistinct: 8:02] Poland, and he immigrated to the United States in 1867. Strangely enough, it was directly to Wilkes-Barre, where he settled. His wife obviously came with them, although she was born in Prussia. We don't know which city. On my father's mother's side, they were Carlstein's, and they were from a small town in Romania called Roman. He was born in 1858 and immigrated to this country in 1886. His first place of immigration was to Bay City, Michigan. We don't know why. Later to the Chicago [Illinois] area when he retired. His wife also was from the same town we believe in Roman. On my mother's side of the family, my mother's father, the best we know is we think he was from Budapest [Hungry], and he was born in Budapest. He immigrated to this country in . . . He was born in 1873. He immigrated, we believe, in 1890, first in New York, and then he traveled as a traveling salesman or something. He was in various cities in Pennsylvania, like Easton, Wind Gap. Eventually he settled in Scranton, Pennsylvania. His wife, and this is perhaps the one that I probably know most about because [it] was a very large family. My great grandfather's name was Jacob Mittelman, and we believe he was from [indistinct: 9:43: possibly: Hunvar], Hungary, and he was born in 1847 and immigrated to the United States in 1896 with his wife. They had about 10 or 12 children. Those 10 or 12 children had six, seven, eight themselves, so it was a huge family. They settled in Scranton, Pennsylvania, which was a nearby community to Wilkes-Barre, not that distant in the foothills. Both cities are in the foothills of the Pocono Mountains, one of them, Wilkes-Barre was on the Susquehanna River and Scranton's on the Lackawanna River.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=418.0,619.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSCHOENBERG:\u003c/strong\u003e You've done some very interesting genealogical research. Did you happen to go back to Ellis Island for any of your information?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=619.0,625.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eEPSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e I have gone through . . . I've been to Ellis Island before the reconstruction of it, and I was there after the post reconstruction of it. But most of the research I've done is through the internet. Some of it is through Ellis Island website. I've been able and it's just blows my mind that it can be done. But . . . if you can connect that one family, that one person, you know how they can find what ship they come in, you can get a picture of the ship. I've accomplished that perhaps on four or five of my relatives that had not been successful on many of the others.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=625.0,659.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSCHOENBERG:\u003c/strong\u003e You've mentioned Wilkes-Barre several times. Is there anything Jewish about Wilkes-Barre that would have attracted your family?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=659.0,668.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eEPSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e I'm not sure, although I felt like I grew up in a total Jewish environment in the 1930's and 1940's in Wilkes-Barre. The city . . . was founded, like . . . before the Revolutionary War, like the 1760's. Later when the anthracite coal was discovered, it became a hotbed of immigration from Eastern Europe for people who worked in the coal mines and so forth. Then they expanded into textile industries and other supporting industries to that. I think that there was, while the town had a population of some 85, 86,000, around . . . 1940ish, and the metropolitan area had about 350,000. Therefore, it was a very prosperous town for Jewish merchants and my family was part of that merchant class.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=668.0,725.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSCHOENBERG:\u003c/strong\u003e Interesting point. I know that you've had several addresses, but why don't you enumerate . . . if you can, the addresses where you lived in Wilkes-Barre.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=725.0,735.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eEPSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e . . . Actually . . . when I was born in 1935, my folks were living . . . on a street called Catlin Avenue. The street address escapes me because they moved from there when I was really an infant. I was probably less than one years old, but for the next seven, eight, nine years of my life, we lived at 582 South Franklin Street, which was really, a pretty large Jewish community. It was a lot of houses across the street, next door, upstairs. Some of them had two and three story apartments on them. It was primarily Jewish in our immediate neighborhood . . . The streets immediately behind us and across from us were not so. Those were primarily working class, blue collar workers. As a result, in my early youth, I do recall a lot of antisemitism, street fights, and so forth with that environment. We lived at South Franklin Street, one of the, probably the most memorable neighbors that we had down the street was the gentleman who was the author of the Joe Palooka cartoon, Ham Fisher. He was a resident of Wilkes-Barre. His family was in the scrap iron business, and his home was just, not too many doors down the . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=735.0,814.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSCHOENBERG:\u003c/strong\u003e Was he Jewish?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=814.0,815.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eEPSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes. Hammy Fisher.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=815.0,818.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSCHOENBERG:\u003c/strong\u003e Good name for a Jewish boy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=818.0,821.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eEPSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e In fact, when his family moved, one of my best friends moved in or bought or rented, I'm not sure at that time, but lived in that home. I've been in that house many times. During the latter part of World War II, somewhere around 1944 . . . Yes, I think it was 1944. My parents moved to another duplex, that was at 123 West River Street. It was a rather large apartment, and it was three stories and virtually the entire third floor was like my playroom. We had a lot of room, a lot of activity. Again, we had a lot of Jewish neighbors. It wasn't that far in walking distance from the temple where we attended cheder, religious school and where we were bar mitzvah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=821.0,877.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSCHOENBERG:\u003c/strong\u003e Would you classify the area that you lived in as a ghetto?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=877.0,882.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eEPSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e No. Not really. I wouldn't call it a ghetto . . . Wilkes-Barre had a very viable and apparently . . . I'm not sure what the population was. There was, I think there were four, three or four synagogues in the city. But again, we were clearly a minority within the community. But yet my entire life, pretty much functioned around Jewish identification, whether it be my parents' family friends or my friends and so forth, and Sunday school, religious school.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=882.0,915.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSCHOENBERG:\u003c/strong\u003e You mentioned antisemitism. Could you describe maybe one or two instances where you felt the antisemitic feeling?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=915.0,924.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eEPSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e There was one real serious incident that happened primarily to my brother coming home from a movie on a Sunday evening. He was attacked, literally attacked by a gang of thugs, and they beat the heck out of him . . . When he appeared at the door . . . his clothes were torn. He was all bloody and it enraged my father. It was the first time I had seen my father so angry that he and my mother was crying and screaming. He made my brother march back out of the house, and he followed him like 20 or 30 paces behind him, back to the scene of where the fight occurred. Sure enough, the gang was still there, and they started to pounce on him again. My father just tore into them and started just beat all these kids all to heck. The next thing I knew is that about an hour later, the police arrived at our house to arrest my dad for assaulting minors. It was a traumatic event, but other than that the fights in schoolyards and so forth were not a rare occasion. It was not a rare occasion.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=924.0,990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSCHOENBERG:\u003c/strong\u003e You mean it was a rare occasion or it was not.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=990.0,991.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eEPSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e It was not a rarity.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=991.0,993.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSCHOENBERG:\u003c/strong\u003e There were others.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=993.0,994.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eEPSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes. For my brother was not really, I don't want to say athletic. He tried not to be adversarial or whatever. I was sort of the opposite. I scraped right back. Yes, I got into a lot of fights and defended myself.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=994.0,1016.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSCHOENBERG:\u003c/strong\u003e Let's talk about your early education, Warren. Where did you go to grade school? What kind of schooling did you . . . ?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=1016.0,1026.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eEPSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e My first formal education was going to public school in first grade. It was at Franklin Street School, which is only about three blocks from our home. Ironically, my grandparents, my mother's parents lived immediately across the street, center block, almost front door to front door. Since my parents were in the clothing business, men's clothing business, they worked. They worked eight and 10, 12 hours a day. It was not uncommon that my brother and I, we had lunch with my grandparents, and it was a very convenient thing to do because they were right there. I guess one of the more comical stories that my parents used to love to tell, and my brother also, was that on my almost virtually my first day in school, I got into some type of fisticuffs or fight or whatever. My brother got summoned down to the principal's office to take me home, which it absolutely unnerved him terribly because he was totally anonymous prior to that point. That was some of the experiences. After that . . . I went to Elmer L. Meyers High School, and that was for the eighth and ninth, seventh and eighth grade. I'm sorry.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=1026.0,1109.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSCHOENBERG:\u003c/strong\u003e Elmira?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=1109.0,1110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eEPSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e Elmer.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=1110.0,1111.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSCHOENBERG:\u003c/strong\u003e Elmer.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=1111.0,1112.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eEPSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e Elmer L. Meyers High School . . . We didn't have middle schools, actually you went, the grammar school went from first to sixth, and then high school went from seventh to 12th. I was enrolled there for two years, and another coincidental type thing happened. My brother, who was four years older, and he was an excellent student, where I was probably just an average student. He wanted to study engineering; this is right after World War II. His strong suit, he thought was math and so forth. He applied to some of the better Northeastern schools, namely MIT [Massachusetts Institute of Technology], and got rejected with almost a straight \"A\" average. They found out inquiring that they didn't feel his math was strong enough. We had a Methodist secondary school, prep school that was across the river in Kingston, Pennsylvania. On his own volition, he went there the summer after he graduated high school to take about three or four math courses. Crash courses, all concurrently solid [trigonometry], calculus, and so forth. At the end of that summer, he was so impressed with the academic level of Wyoming Seminary that he prevailed upon my parents to send me there . . . When he went off to Penn State to study electrical engineering, then in the ninth grade, ninth through 12th, I was then enrolled somewhat against my initial protest to Wyoming Seminary.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=1112.0,1212.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSCHOENBERG:\u003c/strong\u003e Spell Wyoming so we can be sure.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=1212.0,1213.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eEPSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e W-Y-O-M-I-N-G","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=1213.0,1216.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSCHOENBERG:\u003c/strong\u003e Like the state.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=1216.0,1217.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eEPSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, like the state, except this whole area around the Susquehanna River is called Wyoming Valley, so that's where I assumed the name comes. It's an old school. It wasn't a new school. It was founded back in the 1840's. In fact, Irv you'd be interested it was founded prior to the Naval Academy. It goes back a long time. It has incredible credentials in terms of preparatory, college preparatory courses.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=1217.0,1245.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSCHOENBERG:\u003c/strong\u003e Church sponsored school.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=1245.0,1246.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eEPSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e Methodist school. While we studied the Bible once a week and we had chapel services every day. There was quite a few . . .  Jews in the school, and therefore they really didn't belittle you or make you feel terribly uncomfortable.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=1246.0,1265.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSCHOENBERG:\u003c/strong\u003e Would you say that there was one special course of study that you were taking while you were there?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=1265.0,1269.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eEPSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e College preparatory . . . about the time we enrolled, I was enrolled in Wyoming Seminary, my family moved to 163 Charles Street. That's where my parents lived until after I left and went off to college and was in the service, they moved from then Charles Street, then moved down to Florida.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=1269.0,1294.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSCHOENBERG:\u003c/strong\u003e What day did you graduate from Wyoming?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=1294.0,1297.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eEPSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e What day?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=1297.0,1298.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSCHOENBERG:\u003c/strong\u003e Day. What date?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=1298.0,1299.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eEPSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e Oh, what date. 1952.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=1299.0,1300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSCHOENBERG:\u003c/strong\u003e 1952.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=1300.0,1301.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eEPSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e 1952.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=1301.0,1304.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSCHOENBERG:\u003c/strong\u003e How old were you in 1952?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=1304.0,1307.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eEPSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e 17, I guess.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=1307.0,1310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSCHOENBERG:\u003c/strong\u003e Let's talk a little bit about your membership in a congregation. What was the name of it?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=1310.0,1320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eEPSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e . . . Here in Atlanta or . . . ?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=1320.0,1323.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSCHOENBERG:\u003c/strong\u003e No, we're still talking Wilkes-Barre.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=1323.0,1324.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eEPSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e Wilkes-Barre. My . . . grandparents, Rosa and Louis Epstein, they were charter members and founders of the Conservative temple in Wilkes-Barre. That's where we actually belonged, and I went to a religious school and where my brother and I were both bar mitzvah. It was quite an intensive and good Jewish upbringing in terms of Jewish education. At the time, of course, I'd much rather listening to serials on radio and things like that when my . . . friends were out playing baseball, but . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=1324.0,1363.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSCHOENBERG:\u003c/strong\u003e But it was Conservative?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=1363.0,1364.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eEPSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e It was a Conservative.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=1364.0,1365.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSCHOENBERG:\u003c/strong\u003e The name.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=1365.0,1366.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eEPSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e Temple Israel.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=1366.0,1368.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSCHOENBERG:\u003c/strong\u003e All right. Let's talk about what happened to you after you finished at Wyoming Seminary. Starting in, what 19 . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=1368.0,1379.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eEPSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e . . . 1952. Of course, I made enrollment or made application to several universities and colleges. I pretty much knew what I wanted to do as a life's work.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=1379.0,1393.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSCHOENBERG:\u003c/strong\u003e Which was?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=1393.0,1394.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eEPSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e Which was architecture, because it was something that I found myself enjoying. I had a flair for freehand art that was discovered in my youth when I was still in grammar school and in fact by my fifth grade teacher encouraged my parents to enroll me in an evening with a . . . local artist in the Wyoming Valley area. I was the only child among a lot of older people there, probably in their 20's. But they seemed a lot older, and we were doing life studies and life pictures and fixed art. We were working in pastel and working in charcoal . . . During my high school years, my years at Wyoming Seminary, I had summer employment in architects offices. I knew what I really wanted to do, if I didn't achieve that I'm not sure what I've done out there. Who knows, maybe I work for the Chamber of Commerce. I don't know. It was something that I wanted to study. It was Georgia Tech that I was accepted to. I came here in September of 1952 and . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=1394.0,1464.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSCHOENBERG:\u003c/strong\u003e Stopped for a moment. Talk to us about the difficulty of getting into Georgia Tech. Did your religion have any influence on it?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=1464.0,1473.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eEPSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e I don't think so . . . I think I can only recall one or two instances where after I was enrolled, where I thought that there perhaps was some antisemitic feelings from a professor. I can recite one instance to you in a minute. But getting into it, it was fine. Georgia Tech had a nice sized Jewish population. There were three Jewish fraternities on campus, AEPi [Alpha Epsilon Pi], Tau Epsilon Phi and Phi Epsilon Pi. I eventually ended up joining and belonging to Alpha Epsilon Pi, where I was very involved in and in fact, during my senior year, late junior year, early senior year, I was master or president of the chapter. After coming back from the service, I was the chapter advisor for about, up until like 1970.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=1473.0,1539.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSCHOENBERG:\u003c/strong\u003e You mentioned the service. How many years at Georgia Tech before you went into the service?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=1539.0,1543.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eEPSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e I graduated from Tech in 1956 and immediately went to work as an intern architect in a . . . local architectural office. Because of some prior medical issues - a) that I didn't have sight in one eye because of an early childhood cataract, it made me ineligible for any of the ROTC [Reserve Officers' Training Corps] programs which were mandated. In fact, going back to the time at Wyoming Seminary, I had a strong desire to go to the Naval Academy. My father even talked to the representative from our area, I think his name was Dan Flood. He had a handlebar mustache, and that I could have possibly had an appointment, but medically . . . I would never get in because of not having correctable sight in one eye . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=1543.0,1600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSCHOENBERG:\u003c/strong\u003e . . . So, you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=1600.0,1601.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eEPSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e I did not take ROTC. They wouldn't let [me]. I tried the Navy, Air Force, and Army ROTC [Reserve Officer's Training Corps], which was mandated for two years at least. I could not get into any of those programs. After, and of course, during my student years, I had deferments . . . because [I was] a student. I can't remember what it was 2S or 1S or something like that . . . But immediately upon graduation . . . my local draft board of Pennsylvania kept on calling me back for physicals or because I was now, I'm 21, 22, 23. They were drafting 18 year olds. After making two or three trips back to Wilkes-Barre at some cost, I decided to see if I could transfer my physical to Atlanta, where they said, \"Congratulations, you're 1A.\" Now I was scrambling and fortunately at the time, and Irv, you probably don't like it, but . . . they had the six year reserve program with six months active duty. I enrolled in that program. After I had been literally working in this community, in Atlanta, for about a year, year and a half. Then I went off to the service for six months and then came back.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=1601.0,1678.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSCHOENBERG:\u003c/strong\u003e Where were you stationed? What were you in during the service?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=1678.0,1683.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eEPSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e . . . My employer in Atlanta was a firm by the name of Wise Simpson \u0026 Aiken. They were all veterans of World War II, all officers. One was the colonel in the Army. One was a colonel in the Air Force, and the other one was a lieutenant commander for the Navy. In fact, most of the things we were working on there were military installations, cape guard housing and things like that. When I knew I was destined to be drafted, I talked to my employer, and he arranged to get me in an Army Reserve Unit that was connected to the Corps of Engineers. I did my basic training at Columbia, South Carolina. Spent half my life there one summer, at Fort Jackson. Then from Fort Jackson, I spent the remaining time at Fort Belvoir in Virginia.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=1683.0,1735.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSCHOENBERG:\u003c/strong\u003e People come away from your military service with either a good feeling about it or very poor feeling. What was you’re feeling about your service?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=1735.0,1743.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eEPSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e I was a little bit . . . I was a good soldier. I get all the supernumeraries during guard duties and all that sort of stuff, but I was like a platoon leader. But deep down, I really did not enjoy it. I felt it somewhat demeaning and probably because . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=1743.0,1761.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSCHOENBERG:\u003c/strong\u003e . . . Now were you an officer?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=1761.0,1762.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eEPSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e No, I was a private. Probably because I was three or four or five years older than virtually everyone else in the thing, and I felt like it was very interruptive of my career. Even going to Fort Belvoir, they enrolled me in, my MOS [Military Occupational Specialty] was in military drafting or whatever they called it at that time, military occupation service. They sent me to a drafting school . . . It was sort of ironic because now I've had four years of architecture, two or three years of working in offices. Now they're going to say, \"This is a T-Square. This is a pencil.\" It was sort of frustrating times for me. I was glad to get out.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=1762.0,1805.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSCHOENBERG:\u003c/strong\u003e But was there any positive experience that you could attribute.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=1805.0,1810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eEPSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e The social life in Washington D.C. [Memoirist laughs]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=1810.0,1814.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSCHOENBERG:\u003c/strong\u003e That's good.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=1814.0,1819.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eEPSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e I want to go back to one item in terms of, because of the indications, I think you want to hear more about Jewish identification and perhaps where I maybe come by my strong feelings for the Jewish faith. My grandma, my father's mother, who was born in Romania, at that time was Russia. She was a pretty tough woman. She ran her husband, and she ran her six sons, and she ran the family business. But she was also . . . a real activist.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=1819.0,1855.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSCHOENBERG:\u003c/strong\u003e Use her name, would you place.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=1855.0,1858.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eEPSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e Rosa Carlstein Epstein. She was the epitome of activism in terms of the Wilkes-Barre Jewish community. After her husband, my grandfather died in 1936, I believe. The year later, she moved down to Fort Lauderdale, Florida. To the best of our knowledge, she was the first Jew in Broward County, in Fort Lauderdale, Florida . . . One of her son's was single and went down there with [her]. They opened the men's clothing store in Fort Lauderdale, a very upscale retail store right off of US One and East Las Olas Boulevard . . . The store was named after my uncle Paul's middle name, Leonard. They called it Len's Leisurewear . . . The community identified them as being Mr. and Mrs. Lenz, which, of course, they didn't publicly advertise, but they quietly and very meticulously worked through the ADL [Anti-Defamation League].  I remember going down there in . . . my early childhood, in the late 1930's, early 1940's. It was not unusual to see every hotel, and, on the beach, they had signs outside \"No Jews and dogs allowed.\" They are the ones who [are] principally . . . responsible for bringing in the ADL to get all of that out of the way. In fact, there was a town hall meeting that was been told to us that . . . all the city fathers got together to figure out how they could keep the Jews out of Broward County. My grandmother was invited, and she finally rose to go to the front podium and said, \"Ladies and gentlemen.\" She introduced herself and said, \"You know me as Mrs. Lenz. My name is Epstein, and I am your problem.\" Shortly thereafter, the signs came down and the prejudice and the antisemitism sort of evaporated or went undercover. Then they were founders of the first synagogue in Fort Lauderdale, Florida.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=1858.0,1991.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSCHOENBERG:\u003c/strong\u003e Very interesting.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=1991.0,1992.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eEPSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e I think that we come by a lot of . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=1992.0,1994.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSCHOENBERG:\u003c/strong\u003e All right . . . you've gotten out of the military. You mentioned that you were working for an architectural firm. Give us kind of a rundown of . . . your employment after you got back out of the service and even before you got into the service.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=1994.0,2009.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eEPSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e As I said, I work for an architect in Wilkes-Barre during the summers, and even during some of my winter breaks from Georgia Tech. But then after, upon graduating from Georgia Tech in architecture, you, unlike most other professions in the state and throughout the country, an architect must work, do an internship that lasts for at least three years before he can even apply to take a state boards, state licensing exam. You're sort of in bondage, so to speak, working for various architects and so forth around town. My first employment was with Wise Simpson \u0026 Aiken and I worked there a couple of years. Then I . . . went to work for small firms, really a one man principal firm, Michael Hack \u0026 Associates, and he had one or two other employees. It turned out that Michael . . . alluded to himself as being an atheist, but he was actually born Jewish in Switzerland. He was a Swiss consulate agent. I think the reason why he employed me is that he was working on a synagogue in Savannah [Georgia], and he wanted to bring something to it in terms of design and doing the drawings. I work with Michael, although it wasn't really the happiest environment. I wasn't literally learning much more. In fact, I was by that time I was just getting on the verge of, I did qualify to take the state board exam. I was getting a little bit nervous because I wanted to get a more diverse experience. Sort of naively . . . I . . . wanted to work for a contractor. I asked around who are some of the largest construction companies and a name kept on coming up called Consolidated Realty, who I didn't know who it was. But in essence, it was the Massell Companies, which is the forerunner of Selig Enterprises, Ben Massell. I got a job there and ironically, virtually by the time I got licensed, the architect that was on his staff resigned. I then became the staff architect for Ben Massell, and I worked there for a number of years until, in fact, until when Ben died in the early 1960's is when I then went off and decided to start my own practice.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=2009.0,2157.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSCHOENBERG:\u003c/strong\u003e Good. You had experience with a couple of architectural firms?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=2157.0,2160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eEPSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e Oh, yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=2160.0,2161.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSCHOENBERG:\u003c/strong\u003e Just give us the names if you can. Besides, you mentioned Hack. What was it . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=2161.0,2165.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eEPSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e Michael Hack. Then the Wise Simpson Aiken Group, and then I was working at the Massell Companies under the original architect there [who] was a fellow named Bill Hardeman, but he left shortly after I got there. It was like being thrown into the fire from the frying pan and working with Ben Massell was an uncanny opportunity because where most architects start their practices doing single family, multifamily, then eventually get into commercial, I had two or three years of commercial work already under my belt working with developers, working with contractors, working with real estate agents. When I opened my office, I was able to move directly into that venue of architecture. It's very opportune unique.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=2165.0,2208.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSCHOENBERG:\u003c/strong\u003e What year did you found your own firm?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=2208.0,2210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eEPSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e 1962.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=2210.0,2213.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSCHOENBERG:\u003c/strong\u003e Which means it's been in existence for . . . ?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=2213.0,2216.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eEPSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e Under several other . . . names. It was the Warren M. Epstein, AIA Architect in 1962. I did have a partner who is a gentleman who I employed, who got licensed, a fellow by the name of Jerry Epstein. He was no relative of mine, was just uncanny. We had worked in two or three offices together. He was a year behind me at Georgia Tech, but after about three, four, five, six months, he decided that he was going to leave architecture entirely and moved out of the city. He later . . . came back . . . so that was a very short lived relationship that I practiced as Warren Epstein Architect until like 1969. At that time, I interviewed to design the new synagogue for Or VeShalom here in Atlanta, the Sephardic shul. They also interviewed Ben Hirsch, who . . . also had a small office. By that time, I think Ben was practicing singularly, and I had a staff of six or seven people. But the synagogue, namely Victor Maslia, who was chairman of the building committee, asked if we would joint venture the project. At first, we had a great relationship, and I knew Ben from Georgia Tech also. We worked together, and we . . .  finally formed a partnership that stayed in existence until about 1975. I think that the parting of our ways was partially, the economics because of the recession that hit in 1973 or 1975, where . . . we both ended up almost singularly in practice at that point in time. Then at that point, I formed . . . Warren Epstein and Associates Architects, Inc., and I think . . . I incorporated in February of . . . 1976. That is, as I practice today, under that corporate entity.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=2216.0,2341.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSCHOENBERG:\u003c/strong\u003e From 1962 to present, your company has been more than 40 years old.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=2341.0,2347.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eEPSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e Oh, yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=2347.0,2349.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSCHOENBERG:\u003c/strong\u003e 43, if I add correctly.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=2349.0,2350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eEPSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e That's correct.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=2350.0,2353.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSCHOENBERG:\u003c/strong\u003e What is the fewest number on your staff and the largest number that you've ever had during the course of your private practice?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=2353.0,2362.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eEPSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e . . . Before the recession in 1973, when Ben and I were together, the firm had grown to about 16 or 17 employees. Immediately and by attrition and so forth, and the economy, it dwindled down to just really the two of us. When I started to build back by myself in [the] mid-seventies, I made a tactical decision that I was happier and felt more comfortable practicing architecture where I was personally involved in all my projects. Prior to that, I felt like things were sort of going through the office, and I really didn't have my . . . fingerprints on the project. I have chosen to stay at an optimum . . . My son joined the firm, and then we hired another architect, that probably the optimum size is like four architects and four interns and an office manager, and that's the way I chose the practice. I really don't want to get much larger or much smaller than that. Of course, I maybe reaching my twilight years in that respect.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=2362.0,2437.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSCHOENBERG:\u003c/strong\u003e You mentioned Or VeShalom, and you said it was the Sephardic. Is that's your first experience designing a synagogue?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=2437.0,2444.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eEPSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e That's correct. We worked on three or four other synagogues. I designed a synagogue in Clearwater, Florida, Congregation B'nai Israel. We designed the synagogue in Charleston [South Carolina], which I think was the Conservative Orthodox synagogue, Temple Emanu-El, I believe in Charleston. [We] did a new synagogue for a Conservative shul in Shreveport, Louisiana, Congregation Agudath Achim. We did a Reform congregation, probably the most recent one, which was several years ago in Virginia Beach, Virginia, as a Reform congregation. Today we're working on a new Reform congregation in Alpharetta [Georgia], Roswell [Georgia], north Fulton County [for] Congregation Dor Tamid. While that has not been, the sort of, so to speak, the meat and bones of our practice, it becomes almost a labor of love. We have tried to do a synagogue every three or four years because of the interest in it, more from the really the nature of love rather than monetary.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=2444.0,2523.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSCHOENBERG:\u003c/strong\u003e I'm going to come back to synagogues in a few minutes, but I want you to talk a little bit about Sephardic versus Reform versus Conservative in [the] city of Atlanta. How did you see it, Warren?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=2523.0,2537.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eEPSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e When I first came to Atlanta and I was really sensitive, and I had a strong . . . I've got to tell you one story. I have to interrupt and tell you a story . . . my first exposure coming to Georgia Tech. Obviously, all the Jewish fraternities were the rushing all the new freshmen.  I believe it was the Phi Epsilon Pi fraternity that sort of try to captivate me for either Rosh HaShanah or Yom Kippur services, which was a whole day to have a captive and do a really a rush job on me. That evening, I remember going to The Temple. They took me to The Temple on Peachtree, we parked over on Spring Street, and we walked about a block and a half to The Temple. As we were approaching, and it was like four or five of us coming there together. As we approached the front doors of The Temple on Peachtree and the doors opened in front of us, I heard the blast of an organ, and my feet literally froze to the pavement. I could not go in there because I never heard of an instrument in a synagogue prior to that. In fact, the truth is that the fraternity brothers went in, and I walked from there back to Georgia Tech. I would not go in the synagogue because it was so foreign to me. Now subsequently, I ended up going to Ahavath Achim when they were down on Washington Street. In fact, immediately upon graduating from Georgia Tech, I joined Ahavath Achim as a single individual. It was sort of a natural thing for me to do. I really, my history of Atlanta Jewry is not that really deep in terms of, I know that The Temple on Peachtree was founded back in the, I think, I believe the 1860's, on or about the time of the Civil War. In fact, I think they formed the Standard Club before they formed the synagogue. But it was truly a classical Reform congregation. Ahavath Achim, I'm not exactly sure when it was founded, probably the latter part of 1800's, maybe early 1900's, and I think Shearith Israel [tape pauses and resumes] Shearith Israel was founded, I think around the turn of the century and early 1900's, as was Or VeShalom. Now most of the Reform temple were German Jews that had been in the city for a number of years prior to that, where the European, Eastern European Jews were mostly, probably joining either Ahavath Achim or Shearith Israel. Then the Sephardic Jews who came . . . also around the turn of the century . . . most of them came from the Isle of Rhodes, but they were directly descendants of Spain, I assume. They formed . . . Congregation Or VeShalom, and of course I remember going to those services when they moved from Washington or somewhere in South Atlanta to Highland Avenue. Then from Highland Avenue, of course, we built a new synagogue in North Druid Hills Road.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=2537.0,2742.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSCHOENBERG:\u003c/strong\u003e Socially, did you see differences between the various societies?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=2742.0,2749.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eEPSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e Socially, even in college, it was sort of unique because Phi Epsilon Pi was mostly Reform Jews and therefore . . . their social circle of dating and partying and so forth was with the young women who were members of families belong to The Temple on Peachtree. AEPi, Alpha Epsilon Pi where I belong, we were dating young ladies that were from Ahavath Achim. Yes, Ahavath Achim or Shearith Israel, the people who lived in more or less, northeast Atlanta. There was quite a division there. They had high school sororities that didn't . . . member either. It was like if one married out of the . . . like marrying out of the faith. . . There was a definite division.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=2749.0,2801.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSCHOENBERG:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes. Let's go back to Georgia Tech and talk about fraternities and sororities. You mentioned there were several.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=2801.0,2809.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eEPSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=2809.0,2810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSCHOENBERG:\u003c/strong\u003e What were they like?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=2810.0,2813.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eEPSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e AEPi . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=2813.0,2817.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSCHOENBERG:\u003c/strong\u003e . . . You can mention your positions within the fraternity.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=2817.0,2822.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eEPSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e It's ironic when I first came to Georgia Tech, I ended up, I really did. I pledge Phi Epsilon Pi because of the connection to a single individual there that I had tremendous respect for, that was my principal contact. But after being involved for a couple of months, I realized . . . [Tape stops]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=2822.0,2844.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSCHOENBERG:\u003c/strong\u003e . . . It's a continuation of an interview with Warren Epstein. This is tape number two. We're still on the 27th of April. The last subject we were talking about was fraternities at Georgia Tech, so please pick up.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=2844.0,2865.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eEPSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e While I belonged, I had pledged Phi Epsilon Pi. I realized I had a certain uncomfortableness with the group. It just wasn't the [identified:","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=2865.0,2876.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"possibly a Hebrew word] group that I knew in high school and so forth. I had to figure out some way to extract myself comfortably without hurting my own pride, I guess. Though I made up a decision that I was going to stay through the entire pledge period, which lasted into the midwinter quarter, and go right up to through the hazing week. Just before being initiated, I was going to walk, and that's precisely what I did. But had given no one any advance warning of what I was going to do. I actually was blindfolded, ready to go in for the initiation, and I decided I'm leaving. I took off my blindfold [off], walked out the door and didn't look behind me. By the time I got to the corner, I noticed there was like eight other people following me. It seems like everyone who was in that pledge class after me also walked and it was rather ironic. It was very painful for Phi Epsilon Pi, as a result. But it wasn't done maliciously. I made up my mind that I perhaps may not go fraternity at all. As a result, the remaining part of that school year in my freshman year, I did other things, sports and tennis and everything else on campus. But that summer, during my freshman and sophomore year, I decided that really, I really don't have a social connection. I decided to subject myself again, I guess to rushing. My brother, who graduated Penn State, four years before me, was an AEPi at Penn State, so I was sort of a legacy. It was sort of then natural for me to gravitate there. But I, other than doing the normal things in a fraternity, participating in rush and working on some committees, I was sort of low profile. I was not a super active, what I'd quote unquote [call a] leader in the group until virtually going into the end of my junior year. Much to my own surprise, I was elected president of the chapter. I had not held any office prior to that. I guess it's sort of my own quiet demeanor that sort of gets me into these places, I don't know. It's strange. That's happened to me several times in my life. But I was master of the AEPi chapter at a very difficult time, because . . . at the time when I joined and . . . the first couple of years, we had a house on Spring Street, which was the . . . last fraternity off campus. The national fraternity decided to build the chapter house on campus. We rented a little two bedroom, the four of us in the chapter rented the two bedroom house on campus while our chapter house was under construction. It was very hard to hold the glue together. Of maybe 70, 80 members of a fraternity, we didn't have no chapter house. That was my tenure as president or master of the chapter. In fact, that year . . . my senior year. We had one of our best rush classes ever.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=2876.0,3069.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSCHOENBERG:\u003c/strong\u003e Interesting. Now, you went on beyond master of the chapter.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=3069.0,3072.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eEPSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes. After I went into the service and I came back out of the service, I was the chapter advisor at first. I was a co-advisor with Gil Bachman and Leon Socol. Within a year or two, they decided to sort of fade onto the horizon. I took it from there about 1960 to about 1970. Ironically, while I was doing that, my wife was an advisor to a BBG [B'nai B'rith Girls] group here in Atlanta . . . Even though we were raising a family, we were still at that point, still deeply involved in the community.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=3072.0,3108.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSCHOENBERG:\u003c/strong\u003e Mentioned some of the names that we would recognize who were members of your fraternity.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=3108.0,3112.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eEPSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e The people that and several of them were no longer with us. I mentioned Gil Bachman, I mentioned Leon Socol. Perhaps the person that most influenced me was a fellow by the name of Arnold Hoffman, who was a native of Atlanta. He's deceased. But he had ended up being the international president of the AEPi which was quite a feather in Georgia Tech, in Atlanta because I think he actually went to Emory. But the Emory chapter, the Georgia State chapter, the Georgia Tech chapter and the University of Georgia chapter all worked very closely together at that time . . . There were periods before there was not much cooperation, but one of my contributions was having joint rushes with all of the AEPi chapters in the Atlanta area . . . In terms of other names, there wasn't that many Atlantans. Ironically, the majority of the chapter was from the North and . . . a handful from Florida. There were several. There was maybe one or two others that were from the Georgia area. That was a boy from Athens, Georgia. Freddy Loef that comes to mind.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=3112.0,3185.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSCHOENBERG:\u003c/strong\u003e I mentioned synagogues, and obviously synagogues have had an important part in your life. Talk about that. From the standpoint of architecture.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=3185.0,3198.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eEPSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e . . . Standpoint of architecture . . . I didn't do a thesis on it or anything like that at Georgia Tech, but yet it was something that really intrigued me as an architectural form. I enjoyed history, and I'm really involved . . . whether it be history of the United States or history of the Jews, history of Israel. It's just an area that attracts my attention. I don't want to be tested on it, but I do enjoy reading it. In fact, I'm reading right now the book on Alexander Hamilton. When Or VeShalom, when I interviewed for the project at Or VeShalom and they jointly awarded it to Ben and myself, I felt there had to be a lot of research done. At that point I started to do architectural research, looking at projects previously done, primarily by architects, prior to or around the World War II period, post-World War II, like Percival Goodman, Erich Mendelsohn and people like that. I started to examine their work, and it started intrigued me as to the forms that they were developing. I had an intrigue as to where it all came from. I knew that there was virtual specifications, if you will, in the Old Testament from the book of Exodus and First Kings regarding the tenth sanctuary and . . . the first temple. But it started as research for Or VeShalom trying to get a building type that would fit, meet their program and of course, meet with their approval. As I mentioned earlier, photography was also one of my hobbies. As a result, I would do some photocopying if I went down to the library, got a book or a text, and there's not much written on Jewish synagogues. Early on, probably within a year or two or three following Or VeShalom, I decided that that was something that intrigued me and became somewhat of a hobby. As my wife and I traveled in years with our kids and then later by ourselves, our kids were [grown, we] were empty nesters. Wherever we go, we try, whether it be in South America, Europe, Poland, anyplace we go, we try to find the synagogues. I'll photograph them and I'll try to do some research on them. What turned out as . . . first research and then a hobby, has probably now turned into a compulsion. I have probably thousands and thousands and thousands of slides. The intent was to possibly, maybe at some point in my retirement to write a book about the history of the synagogue as an architectural type. Realizing of course that the overwhelming majority of my photographs are photocopies of other people's photographs, so they probably can't be published. Most it’s for my own avocation, and for research other than those pictures, I physically took myself.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=3198.0,3390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSCHOENBERG:\u003c/strong\u003e Let's talk about your professional involvement, some of the organizations to which you belong.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=3390.0,3397.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eEPSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e Professionally . . . virtually immediately upon becoming a licensed architect of the state of Georgia, I then joined the American Institute of Architects, which is the National Association of Architects that's been around for well over 100, 150 years. It has become really the main body where contract documents and specifications and research and so forth is done. I have been a continuous member of the AIA, the American Institute of Architects. Shortly thereafter, I joined other organizations which are professionally associated, like the Construction Specification Institute, which is CSI. The NFPA, the National Fire Protection Association, the Building Code Council, I belonged to that. One other organization which is sort of not directly architectural connected, but I felt that, I was a firm believer, although I have never . . . been in a court of law, professionally, that I believe alternative resolutions are much better to disputes than perhaps the court of law. I associate myself . . . being trained and eventually as an arbitrator for the American Arbitration Association. For about 25 years, I've been an arbitrator on construction issues either contractor, subcontractor, owner, contractor, owner, architect, architect, contractor issues. That has been really like having a second education, as some.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=3397.0,3500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSCHOENBERG:\u003c/strong\u003e You mentioned history. I think there was one organization that has a historical tie to it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=3500.0,3505.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eEPSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e The Guild of Religious Architecture, that the one you're referring to.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=3505.0,3508.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSCHOENBERG:\u003c/strong\u003e How about historic preservation?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=3508.0,3510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eEPSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e Historic preservation, that's probably the most . . . latest one. When I . . . started doing synagogue work, I joined an organization with a national organization called the Guild of Religious Architecture, which then later became the Interfaith Forum on Religion, Art and Architecture. It was comprised of artists, architects, and clergy. It's a national organization that has now subsequently been merged into the American Institute of Architects. I've been almost a lifetime member of that organization. Starting back around the late 1980's. Atlanta had a history of tearing down anything that was old. Perhaps I was somewhat naive in trying to look at that because the joke is that Atlanta had the first urban renewal program in that, [General William] Sherman burnt the city down in 1865 or 1864. We didn't have a lot of historical structures. But when I started to do work for the Board of Regents, the University System of Georgia, on several of their campuses, ironically, they are the custodians and owners of a lot of historic properties that qualify for the historic. I'm trying to think of the title of this, historic register. As a result, we have done a lot of historic renovations of some of these older buildings on the campus, and they take a great deal of intensive research, good documentation is not too readily available. Then, of course, your design has to respect what's there. In most cases, they are retrofit uses so that [makes them] actually even more difficult. We also did work professionally for public housing projects, public housing authorities. They indeed, Atlanta is most monumental in that regard because the first public housing project in the United States was in Atlanta, Georgia, and it was dedicated by President Franklin Delano Roosevelt. As a result of Atlanta being in the forefront of public housing, numerous public housing projects that were built in the 1930's, late 1930's, early 1940's, and we got involved in several of those renovations, restorations and so forth. Now we're doing work for another housing authority that's doing the same thing. Doing HABS/HAER [Historic America Building Survey/Historic American Engineering Record] reports for the Library of Congress, it's quite involved. I must say, too, that my son plays a very key role in this, in that when he graduated from the University . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=3510.0,3665.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSCHOENBERG:\u003c/strong\u003e . . . His name is.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=3665.0,3667.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eEPSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e Kyle Epstein. Kyle Frederick Epstein, who is a licensed architect, graduated from the University of Virginia in architecture and a minor in architectural history. Then pursued the same two courses at Yale University, where he got his master’s and in fact did his terminal project as a synagogue. I guess the seeds we plant are somehow continue.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=3667.0,3693.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSCHOENBERG:\u003c/strong\u003e That leads us up to one more question. Is architecture a profession for Jews?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=3693.0,3702.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eEPSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e Oh, I think so. I think it has a very definite historical reference. Erich Mendelsohn's one of my champions. He was a German Jew and of course, my experience in this country is that there are a lot of Jews in the profession, and there are a lot of Jewish architects in Atlanta. I don't find it being discriminatory in terms of work, of clients and so forth. My only antisemitic issue that I had, as I mentioned, I think earlier, was at Georgia Tech. We did have a studio professor who was ironically, was very antisemitic. In fact, when the final project was done, there were three Jews in the class, and we were the three that got F's on the course. Going to the . . . he had an assistant professor who gave me access to his book, and all the other grades were in ink. The three Jews were in pencil. I took that to the dean of students, and as a result, they couldn't undo the registrar thing. But they in turn, let me matriculate to the next course and audit that same course over again without ever attending class in order to get a passing grade in it. That individual was grossly antisemitic and in both verbally, in his actions.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=3702.0,3793.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSCHOENBERG:\u003c/strong\u003e Let's skip now to Jewish activities, organizations here in Atlanta. I know that you had some association with the Atlanta Bureau of Jewish Education. Talk about that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=3793.0,3805.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eEPSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e Really, my prior to that was really Temple Sinai . . . Jan and I and our four sons were members of Ahavath Achim, and our oldest son was just at the time starting to matriculate into Sunday school and religious school. For some reason, we weren't exactly happy. We . . . didn't have a good feeling about that, I can't recall why. Perhaps it was some reactions that he was showing that he wasn't pleased. About concurrent with that, we heard that a new synagogue was being formed in Atlanta, and we went to some early coffees in individuals houses. We met the then rabbi they had selected Rabbi Richard Lerman. We were rather impressed with him. The only hang up I had and Jan too, because she grew up in a traditional background in Judaism, was that it was Reform and we knew zilch, we knew nothing about Reform Judaism. I remember going to Leon Spotts, who was at that time the head of the Bureau of Jewish Education, the professional head of the bureau. He provided me with four or five books. I read extensively about Reform Judaism over the next several weeks and month. I realized that while I have had a traditional background in Orthodox grandparents, that really my mindset, my theology, if you will, was really of a modern Jewish or Reform, liberal Jewish feeling, that's how I identified. Although we celebrated holidays, we didn't keep kosher home, but we didn't mix certain foods in our home and things like that. I think that's where I felt all of a sudden, a close affinity too. When that congregation formed in 1968, I believe, we were charter members of the synagogue, Jan and I. Again, our kids immediately fell into the groove, and we went to Shabbat services. They enjoyed it and we [were involved]. It was sort of an excitement being part of something new. I was not in the leadership. I was not in elected position. I was just one of the passive members. Then again, like what happened to me at fraternity life at Georgia Tech. In 1973, I was not even on the board. I think I was on board by being the first chair of the Board of Education. Prior to that, it was an education committee. There was a by-law the previous year that formed the Board of Education. I was the first chairman of the Board of Education. [phone rings, interview pauses and resumes] I think by virtually being a chairman of the Board of Education at Temple Sinai . . . I think that did place me on the Board of Trustees. I was not an elected member of the Board of Trustees or an officer. Then when the nominating committee met in, I guess, the summer of 1973. Spring of 1973. I was literally shocked that I was nominated to be president of the temple, because I had not been that so super active in any of the politics of the congregation at all, so to speak.  Ironically, I may have indeed been the first Conservative Jew because I think all my predecessors were Reform Jews, so I was not. I was the first one that was not in the groove, so to speak, with the rest of the group. Those next two years as being president of Temple Sinai, this preceded my active involvement in the Bureau of Jewish Education, were probably the most challenging, frustrating experiences of my life. You may recall we were in the processes of the building and completing our first temple when I became president. In fact, I had the distinct honor of a place in the mezuzah on the doorpost and saying the berakhah [Hebrew: blessing], when we moved into the building. Virtually two or three weeks later, the congregation convened for . . . Yom Kippur, and we were shocked to find out about the war in Israel. That was incredible because we found ourselves in several dilemmas at the moment. A) The country had already gone into a recession, or was it going into a recession between 1973, 1974 and 1975. As a result, our pledges for our building fund were decreasing. There was erosion of membership, and now we had the fundraising to stop all fund raising to raise money for Israel. In fact . . . perhaps that event, I think that may be, I don't know you call it legacy. It will be one of my memories that I'll carry with me the rest of my life. Because Temple Sinai was founded on a basic principle of anonymous giving. We prided ourselves on not publicly pronouncing who gave what when where. We didn't plaque things. We didn't buy seats in the sanctuary. Everything was done idealistically building the synagogue in the name of God. All of a sudden, we have the Yom Kippur War and a dire need for Israel fundraising. Within two or three days after the attack, we had a fundraising bond drive . . .  in our sanctuary spontaneously called. I pronounced at that time that we’re going, whether whatever position anyone was on, whether you wanted private giving or public pronouncements that we're going to put all of that aside . . . I didn't ask for any authority from the rabbi or anyone else or the Board of Trustees. But I said, \"This is the time to get up and publicly announce what you want to give or do it privately [if] you want. But we will stand raise money for Israel tonight.\" In a congregation that was suffering terribly financially. We raised about $300,000 that night and that to me was an absolute astonishing fact. It was actually an astonishing fact. But then the next two years, the next year and a half, two years as president of Sinai were transition periods because we are now rebuilding. We had definite, we had predecessors, and the board had not planned properly for the operating of a brand new building since we were just using other churches and buildings and community centers. We had operating deficits. We had building fund pledges that were defaulting. We had a mortgage lender that was threatening to turn it into a branch of the C\u0026S Bank. It was time for action. Myself and the Board of Trustees that I had at that time did an exceptional job in putting together . . . a plan that currently exists and has continually existed at Temple Sinai and that's the fair share plan. I won't go into the details on that, but that was sort of a way to develop a fair share plan through public meetings, town hall meetings, communications. The way it was done is a story unto itself, because today people make their fair share commitment without divulging what their salary ranges are and where their commitments are. It's really between them and their own conscience and it has done well. By the time we solved that, then I felt the next thing Sinai needed to do. My last final act was that we needed an endowment. The temple had no endowment up until that point. I appointed, you may recall Michael Lembeck as an interim ad hoc chairman, and he and I and a small group of people put together a resolution to go before my last board meeting, the last congregational meeting . . . where they actually passed a bylaw to put the endowment committee in place. I think then being the immediate past president, I was the first chair of the endowment committee following it. I've served continuously on the endowment committee to the present day. I was pretty well worn out after those two years. Irv, I think that you were a part of some of those years, and it was difficult time. But after, I guess, catching my breath for a year or two. I still continue some involvement, just as a member of the Bureau of Jewish Education. But then sometime in the late 1970s, I believe I became president of the Bureau of Jewish Education. I think I served as president of that organization; I think three or four years. I'm not sure. That's sort of then wore me out.  I was at that time, I needed to focus on my hobbies and my business that my interests and my family.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=3805.0,4404.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSCHOENBERG:\u003c/strong\u003e Let's go back to some of the earlier days of Temple Sinai. I know that you went from church to church, carrying the Torah with you and having services, but there was a rabbi that you mentioned, Dick Lerman, talk a little bit about Dick.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=4404.0,4419.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eEPSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e Dick, and I'm sure if he was here, he would not accept this, but he was sort of a prophet in my eyes. He brought to Atlanta, in particular to Temple Sinai, some very innovative and creative approaches to Judaism that were very definitely religious, calling on traditional modes of practice of the faith, yet within the Reform umbrella. He was very idealistic, and he was a very compelling individual. As a result of that, I think myself and a lot of young people my age, just bear in mind, we were in our late 20's, early 30's. We jumped on the bandwagon, and we carried that, and we got involved in the national movement. . . because of him, and it was really, he was a motivator of the highest order. I think that he was very unique in all due respect to our current rabbis at Temple Sinai. Dick had a way of sort of grabbing you, in the way he conducted his services. He didn't go in through prolonged sermons. His idea of a sermonettes were . . . all interlaced throughout the service, speaking to social issues of the day, whether it been against the Vietnam War or anything like that. It was something that really sort of just put a hook, line, and sinker into you. That really has become a strong motivation in our family. We carried it through. I think our rabbis today have somewhat tried to carry on that tradition. Although, they've introduced some of their own minhag.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=4419.0,4531.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSCHOENBERG:\u003c/strong\u003e One of the characteristics of that early synagogue was a limit on membership. Is that good or bad?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=4531.0,4542.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eEPSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e My recollection is that Dick wanted . . . to limit the membership somewhere in the 300's. I think it was 350 that he had arbitrary pulled out of the hat, and it was hotly debated. The compromise was, I think, at 425, and that went into the bylaws, that we would limit the membership to 425 families. That created some problems for us because we knew what we were trying to do. We felt that the rabbi could only counsel to X number of families. We also inherently felt an obligation that once we had other groups and other people on a waiting list that was incumbent upon us as a congregation to help stimulate the formation of other congregations. That was an inherent obligation we had. The community didn't quite understand it. It was pretty much interpreted outside the congregation as being a certain exclusivity. That was a misnomer because there was no exclusive membership. It was on a first come, first serve. As you applied, you got on a list and your name came up. Whether you're on welfare or whether you're a Fortune 500 CEO [Chief Executive Officer], you got into the congregation. I think that has proved to be helpful to us because we are trying to not have that exclusivity tag that we were being sort of put on. But if the 425, stayed on for and we did not achieve that, I think it was finally achieved under my wife's term as president . . . Jan was president five or six years after I was, I can't recall. Anyway she, I think we reached the full 425 membership, and we have an extensive waiting list. It was under her tenure that we literally helped spring two new congregations in the city.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=4542.0,4673.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSCHOENBERG:\u003c/strong\u003e I have the dates. 1978 and 1980 for Jan.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=4673.0,4675.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eEPSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e Okay, 1978 and 1980, and we helped. She was very instrumental in the forefront of forming Temple Emanu-El in Atlanta, in terms of being their mentor, if you will. Then also the formation of Kol Emeth, these were two congregations that we were very instrumentally involved in. Another congregation that Jan and I and a couple other leaders, past leaders assigned my help in the formation of, in terms of getting their organization and getting their act together was a congregation down in Riverdale, Georgia. Although they were not necessarily competing, so to speak, for the same membership.  I think we have literally fulfilled and are our fulfilling the obligations that we did when we formed the congregation with limited membership. Now, as you well know, with the advent of rabbis and cantors and administrators and operating staff and so forth, as well as extensive waiting list, the current . . . senior rabbi felt that it was, perhaps time to open the membership. I think that was probably a good move also, and I supported that. It was the right thing to do at the right time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=4675.0,4756.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSCHOENBERG:\u003c/strong\u003e Good. Temple Sinai has obviously gone through a transitional period and is still very highly respected, if I'm not mistaken here.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=4756.0,4764.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eEPSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e I would hope so. I think that . . . at one time we had three national board members as members of our congregation. All were past presidents - Janet Epstein, Gary Metzl, and Arthur Heyman. Gary obviously is deceased but Jan and Arthur are still involved on the national board and on regional matters. I have been on some national committees also joint commission, CCAR [Central Conference of American Rabbis], UAHC [Union of American Hebrew Congregation, now the Union for Reform Judaism] on education. We have continually [been] involved, and we still go to biennials, every two years. We're involved.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=4764.0,4803.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSCHOENBERG:\u003c/strong\u003e You mentioned Jan several times. I think we ought to talk a little bit about her. I know of no other congregation anywhere in the United States that has had a husband and wife succession of presidencies in Temple Sinai.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=4803.0,4819.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eEPSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e That's true. There . . . were actually two or three presidents between us. I think there were two. I think Larry Bogart and Gary Metzl were between us. But she did much the same as I did. She was very active in the women's committee. She was, I think . . . wasn't the first chair, but she was president of the women's committee. She ran the gift shop. She taught in the religious school, and she was on the temple board as an elected, I think the vice president at one time. Her involvement has been immense. Immensely. In fact, I look back and admire the things that she has done and has continued to do with Temple Sinai and with the National Reform Movement. She is a major mover and shaker. In fact, she was a vice president at UAHC. She was on the National Board of Trustees. She has held the chairmanship of major committees within the UAHC. Perhaps one of her most difficult task was chairing the biennial committee, the Host Committee that having the 1995 UAHC Biennial in Atlanta where 5,000 Jews convened. It was Alexander Schindler's final biennial, and she was the chair, singularly the chair of that entire convention. It was something else. It was a major undertaking.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=4819.0,4913.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSCHOENBERG:\u003c/strong\u003e She was the first female president.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=4913.0,4916.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eEPSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e She was not only the first female president of Temple Sinai. She was the first female president of any synagogue in Atlanta, Georgia.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=4916.0,4925.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSCHOENBERG:\u003c/strong\u003e Now she's doing something in the way of interfaith. Can you tell us something about it?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=4925.0,4931.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eEPSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e Jan has had as interesting a career as I had. She came to Atlanta working for Delta Airlines as a reservationist. She was too young to be a stewardess. In fact, that's where we met after I came back out of the service. Then she, between the times of having children and going back to work for Delta and then having more children, played the role of mother for several years, active day to day. Then she, she's got more energy than anyone I've ever known. She and a friend formed a gift shop called the China Cabinet Limited. In fact, she was super active in that. When she became president of Temple Sinai, she told her partner she just could not do both, because during her presidency, while I faced the trauma of financial crisis. Jan faced the crisis of a dying rabbi. In fact, she was the one who was making hospital visits and doing life cycle events and things like that. It was just incredible. Then she was deeply involved in the rabbinic search committee that followed after Dick's death, Dick Lerman's death. She was, also, at one point . . . had a card shop, started Eve's Hallmark Card Shop. But her perhaps the thing that she most got involved in, she was working for, briefly part time, for the Atlanta Bureau of Jewish Education. This was long after I was president of the organization. There she had the unique opportunity to meet . . . Reverend John Allen, who was a, I believe, a Methodist minister who had a feeling that he wanted to do something more interfaith. In the formation of that, he got financial backing somehow, and he formed AIB, Atlanta Interfaith Broadcasters, which is unique because it . . . crosses all faiths, prohibits any fundraising. It prohibits any outright advertising and so forth, is strictly for interfaith. Jan went to work for him. First, as doing some marketing director trying to get Jewish programing. Within literally months or a year after being there, she became a host of her own TV show \"Tikkun Olam\" . . . It's incredible, there's no way of knowing the actual viewing. But we can go to a baseball game, a basketball game, or go to a grocery store and people will walk and say, \"Aren't you on television?\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=4931.0,5100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSCHOENBERG:\u003c/strong\u003e Tikkun Olam means . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=5100.0,5103.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eEPSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e To . . .  repair the world, I couldn't think of the first word. She has, as a result of that, she has interviewed leading Jews throughout the nation, from Israel, people in Atlanta, authors, books strictly having a Jewish connection. Whether it be political, whether it be editorial, whether it be authorship or whatever. She in fact has been very emersed with the Israel Consulate in Atlanta. In fact, they, arranged to have her go to Israel several years ago with a camera crew. They do a lot of photographing there for the gentile programing on the program, which was really interesting. She has been involved in all kinds of interfaith issues ever since, including Interfaith and Disability Network and things like that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=5103.0,5162.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSCHOENBERG:\u003c/strong\u003e I don't think there's any doubt that Jan is very well known and very well respected. Let's talk about some of the rest of your family. How many children have you had?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=5162.0,5170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eEPSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e We have four sons. Mark Epstein is our oldest, and he was educated in DeKalb County Schools and went off to North Carolina State, where he got a bachelor's degree in microbiology and then got accepted into veterinary school at the University of Georgia. He is today [in] a practice . . . he's a senior partner in a practice of veterinarians in Gastonia, North Carolina and Charlotte [North Carolina]. They have like four or five different hospitals that he is the senior partner of. He's married and . . . he has two children that came with the marriage, and he has two children of his own. They are adorable, and that's my pastime. That's my main hobby today is the grandchildren. Lane studied architecture at Georgia Tech, got his bachelor's degree at Georgia Tech, studied abroad for one year at the École of Beaux-Arts in Paris, France. Came back, got his master's degree at Georgia Tech, worked with me and worked in Atlanta for a couple offices. Then decided that he . . .  wanted to change his venue, and he moved to Chicago, which is rather remarkable for American architecture and the home of Frank Lloyd Wright. As fate would be, he met a young lady up there and got married. He's living and working in Chicago today. He has moved from, he had his own practice for a short while, and now he's moving into building, doing development work with two partners. He is doing architecture and building development. Our next son, Kyle, who I mentioned earlier, I believe, went to the University of Virginia and got his bachelor of architecture and got his masters of architecture at Yale University. He also had worked with another firm or two firms in Atlanta before joining with me. Today he is really, is carrying probably the major brunt of the design work in the firm. For my own, not trying to be modest, I think he's brighter and more talented than his dad was.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=5170.0,5307.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSCHOENBERG:\u003c/strong\u003e He's done several Jewish projects?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=5307.0,5308.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eEPSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes . . . We've done the Torah Day School in Atlanta. We designed the Davis Academy Lower School facility. We designed the Davis Academy Middle School. As I said earlier, we're working on Dor Tamid Congregation today.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=5308.0,5329.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSCHOENBERG:\u003c/strong\u003e He's married.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=5329.0,5330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eEPSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, he's married. Lane is married and also has two children, a daughter and son. Kyle's married and has a son. They live, obviously, in Atlanta. My younger son is Glen Epstein . . . His degree was at the University of Florida in journalism. He worked for a newspaper in Central Florida and then worked for the Kissimmee County Commission or I think was the county commission office. Then decided prior to the Olympics coming to Atlanta, he wanted to be where the activity was. He came up here to work for DeKalb County. They had a sports authority or some type of organization that they said was connected to the Chamber of Commerce . . . They promised it was not Olympic related, so he accepted the position. But the day they turned off the cauldron, they also gave him a pink slip. That was unfortunate. At that point in time, because architecture today . . . when I first came into the practice the first two or three decades, it was really word of mouth, referrals or maybe responding to an RFP [Request for Proposal] or sending a letter of interest. Today, in architectural work you go through a lot more hoops. There's a lot of marketing that goes on . . . the RFPs, request for proposals are extensive. They're not something that can be produced in an hour or two. Sometimes they take a week or two to put together. Since his area of journalism and writing is exceptional, I'm sort of having him getting into the business side of the practice of architecture, and he's doing a good job at it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=5330.0,5439.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSCHOENBERG:\u003c/strong\u003e He has how many children?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=5439.0,5441.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eEPSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e He has two sons, Nathan and Jonah. Kyle's son is Jordan. Lane's children are Marielle and Jacob. Mark's children are Chris and Jamie, Hanna and Tori.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=5441.0,5458.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSCHOENBERG:\u003c/strong\u003e You have a very fine family. There's no question about it. Interests and hobbies. You mentioned a couple of them, but kind of go down the list.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=5458.0,5468.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eEPSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e Photography, drawing has always been a hobby of mine. I admittedly, since I've been practicing architect, I haven't had the opportunity to really devote getting back to some and see if I can rediscover some of those early talents I may have had. I was hoping perhaps and maybe in my slowed down period of retirement period that maybe I'll try to do freehand drawing again, maybe working in charcoal pastel. If the eyesight remains good. The other hobby has been photography. I've always been interested since my day of bar mitzvah. The first dollars I got from my bar mitzvah; I bought a camera. It has been that with me, and I still have that same camera. But I've moved into a lot of photography work, and that is something that fascinates me, and I'm meticulous about documenting it. It's not necessarily children and family, mostly into architecture, whereas travels around the world and so forth. I tend to document all these things and analyze them and date them. Another hobby that I have more active with my children when they were younger, while they were still in high school was stamp collecting and coin collecting. While that has remained dormant for the last several years, for many years since they went off to college and got married . . . those collections are still in this household. That's one of the things that I've been quietly getting back into that over the last several years in my free time. I guess the final thing is genealogy. I know that's an interest of yours, Irv. I find it amazing that back in 1968, 1969, 1970, when I was doing the first genealogical tree, I went down to the history, the archives, the U.S. archives down at East Point near Fort Mac. It's one of think of seven places in the United States where they have census on microfilm. I spent many an hour down there, days and evenings trying to find relatives until I was blind on microfiche and finally sort of gave up and relied mostly on interviews I had with aunts and uncles that were still with us at that time. Today, all of that is now on the internet. Where in a split second and a half. As you well know, you can pull up a 1930 census or a 1920 or 1900 census instantaneously. The same thing with Ellis Island. One of the things because of this interest in genealogy, as you well know, and I think you were also a charter member, aren't you, of the Georgia Genealogical Society. I was one of the charter members of that organization, and quite frankly have been a little bit remiss in going back and being an active participant. Although when Jan and I went to Poland, discover her . . . family roots in Poland. We came back and did a whole slide presentation on that excursion, going back to the shtetl where her dad was born and raised.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=5468.0,5668.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSCHOENBERG:\u003c/strong\u003e We're in a beautiful apartment that you've had for a few years. In one part of this house is a collection of Olympic pins, most beautifully displayed. Talk about that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=5668.0,5681.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eEPSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e My sister-in-law's son lives in California. He was probably in his early 20's at the time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=5681.0,5691.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSCHOENBERG:\u003c/strong\u003e This is Irv Schoenberg. I'm interviewing our memoirist, Warren M. Epstein. This is a continuation of two earlier tapes. This is the third tape. We're interviewing for the Jewish Oral History Project of Atlanta, co-sponsored by the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum, the American Jewish Committee, and the National Council of Jewish Women as an introduction, Warren, we on the previous two tapes, we talked about a great many subjects, and we concluded that second tape with talking about your collection of Olympic pins from 1996. I think you mentioned . . . something [about] the son of a sister-in-law out in California. Why don't you pick up on that subject and go forward?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=5691.0,5739.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eEPSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e Perhaps, though, before I do that, I need to share with you that collections is something that I take great joy in doing and, in fact, my sons teased me about it. They say that if you look in the dictionary for the word compulsive, you'll see my picture. I'm not sure if it's really that much about being compulsive. It's more of how I set goals for myself and then try to achieve them. Also, too, it's really for enjoyment. It's for my own personal enjoyment that I do it. It has been called the Olympic pins. It has involved coins as I think I mentioned earlier and stamps. In fact, Jan and I have been ardent collectors of Judaica almost from the day we got married. Judaic books, art. We have throughout our home. We have art by Egon [Schiele], [indistinct: 1: 36], and Shlomo Katz and many others. Even some sculptures by [David] Aronson and Phillip Ratner. Most recently, over the last several years, Jan and I have been collecting a lot of Jewish ritual items, things like mezuzah, hanukiah, kiddush cups and things of that nature. We have a modest collection that we're very proud of . . . it's really because we enjoy it. We enjoy seeing it, enjoy having it in our home. It has given us sort of a sense of identity and maintain that identity for our family and our children. Back to the Olympic pins. As I think I mentioned, my sister-in-law's son was in his mid-twenties when he was in California. He resided in California when the Olympics were there, I believe, in the early 1980's. He was at that time, probably in his mid-twenties, and he sort of got hooked into the whole thing about Olympic pins. He's almost turned it into a cottage industry. As a result, every successive Olympics, he has traveled all around the world collecting pins and trading pins and becoming sort of a maven in that field . . . it's not unusual to be watching the Barcelona Olympic Games and see him being interviewed on the street corner. Actually, that happened. When the Olympics were announced for Atlanta. He made several trips to Atlanta prior to that because there was sort of a buildup towards the Olympics. There was a large sports show at the, I remember at the . . . World Congress Center in Atlanta. He got me a pass to go with him one day. I was overwhelmed by all the sports memorabilia and equipment, anything from boats to soccer balls. But one of the items, there was two or three displayers that had Olympic pins, the people who manufacture and distribute the pins. There's only like three or four in the world. They do it for all of the Olympic . . . events that are taking place. He started to talk about it, and he spent nights with us during that time, too. He had his Olympic pin collections and things that he was doing. My wife said she smelled a collection coming as a result of that. Indeed, it was because in talking with him, while there are something like 20, 30, 40,000 pins printed for every Olympic. The ones that he felt were really of some lasting value or I guess worth would be the ones that represent the National Olympic Committees that actually participated in that specific Olympic game, namely Atlanta had like 196 countries participating here. In many of those countries had anywhere from one to 20 or 30 pins that celebrated their National Olympic Committee and their home countries. I sort of set a goal upon myself at that point in time that I would try to collect a pin every one of those countries. In going to these sports shows, in advance of that, I was able to purchase at reasonably low prices, wholesale prices USA pins that he thought that other athletes would want from other countries. That became my trading tool because I must have purchased two or 300 pins [that] had USA or Atlanta or something like that on it. During those Olympic Games, I spent many hours at venues and mingling with crowds and down at the Olympic Village, outside of the Olympic Village trading pins and by the time the games were over 16 days later, I had accomplished, I had like maybe 120, 130 of the country pins. But I had a lot of duplicates because athletes travel in pairs or groups. Instead of having a single, say, pin from . . . South Korea, I had maybe seven. I was able then to trade those for other pins also. Following the Olympics, there were a lot of pin shows and pin trading centers at various venues in and around Atlanta. I attended those, and sure enough, within about six months or a year after the Olympics were over, I finally got my last pin, which completed my collection of almost 750 pins. That was not every pin of every country, but I have many multiple pins of countries. But I have at least one pin from every country that was here. Then the idea of putting it under glass and framing it in such a way to permanently identify which pin came from which country. Then I did the pin, which is on display in my home that I proudly display. It's interesting as visitors come to visit us is, why the female friend would marvel say the furniture or something or the artwork. It's always the male that goes right to the Olympic pins, is the first thing that they notice in it. It's something I've been very proud of.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=5739.0,6138.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSCHOENBERG:\u003c/strong\u003e You should be very proud of it. I personally have come to your home, and I've gone into the den to admire again and again and again. It's something that has to be seen to be truly appreciated. Congratulations for your wonderful collection. That brings up an interesting subject, Warren and I have thought about it myself. An article appeared in a magazine not too long ago, which I read. It's called \"Who Gets What.\" Now you've got a lot of collections. If you thought about what you're going to do with those collections, when the time comes that you aren't going to be here, and Jan's not going to be here, but your sons will be here and their families.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=6138.0,6175.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eEPSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e It's an interesting question, Irv. Jan and I have talked about it. Again, I guess I draw from my personal family experiences were one of my grandparents was very specific. Although she didn't have that much to give, her will was very extensive. It was 20 or 30 pages long, and she was giving this ring to that person, this vase to that person . . . This was during my college years, and I seem to recall that there was a lot of agony going on among her sons. She had six sons living at the time and of course, their spouses. I wouldn't call it jealousy, but one got this. Why did she do that? Questioning the wisdom of all of her choices. I concluded from . . . being in that environment for so short a period of time that I made a decision, and Jan agrees with this, that we will dictate nothing from the grave. That what is here is theirs. They can then pick and choose and make their own decisions. We're not going to do that. We just will not sit here and try to say, this one can get that piece of art, that one gets that collection or that book. It's just, it's nonsense. I don't want to be in that position and make those decisions.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=6175.0,6262.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSCHOENBERG:\u003c/strong\u003e It's a wise position that you've taken. I have to say that. You've mentioned family several times, Warren, and I know from my own personal observations of your family that you've done an extremely good job of raising that family. Four sons, a good many grandchildren all seem to be following in a Judaic path. I think it's amazing that you and Jan have accomplished what you've done in the community, in the Jewish community. I don't know of any other married pair that have been presidents of their congregation and have done so much for their congregation. Talk about the legacy. What are you doing to leave for your family, that what you've tried to inculcate in their culture and their philosophy, their way of life?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=6262.0,6315.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eEPSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e That's probably a more difficult answer to just try to verbalize on. But I guess as a starting point, the area that I probably have to think about is my own experiences growing up. You have to put in a time frame of growing up in the late 1930's, early 1940's and going off to college in the early 1950's. Jan and I had a very similar, although we were very distant from each other. She was in Louisiana, and I was in Pennsylvania, as far as we were concerned at that time, the opposite end of the world to us. But yet we had a lot of similarities in our growing up. We both grew up in a more traditional Conservative Jewish background. We both grew up in perhaps what you may want to say very liberally, a sort of a shtetl atmosphere. We had cousins down the street and aunts and uncles down the street, grandparents down the street. Although I think earlier in this tape we mentioned about moving two or three times in my early childhood. Every time we moved, we were still within walking distance of the synagogue and even though we were clearly a minority within this coal mining town, our whole life source centered around a Jewish environment. My parents kept kosher in the home. We had four sets of dishes and four sets of silverware. My grandmother kept kosher. It was sort of that environment that I grew up in. Some of the fondest memories I have is going with my grandfather down to the shore of the Susquehanna River and emptying his cuffs and his pockets on Tashlikh to [carefully] cast away of sins. Those are memories that stuck with me. I guess they made impressions on me that I wanted to or carry on and to relate to my children, if and when I would have a family. Ironically, with that said and done with, of course, my brother and I were both bar mitzvah, but we also followed a pattern that perhaps was not so admirable in that we were both dropouts. Immediately after bar mitzvah, we discontinued Hebrew school. We discontinued Sunday school, but we did go back to services with our parents, and we did still at the home celebrated Shabbat. But even with that, as we were getting into our teens, our friends were primarily Jewish, our activities were primarily Jewish activities. We dated, I think probably in high school almost exclusively, with perhaps a few exceptions, because I went to a Methodist prep school. But we dated within the faith for all kinds of bad. By the time I left Wilkes-Barre to go off to college, there was no doubt ever in my mind that I would join a Jewish fraternity, that I would marry a Jewish woman. I would date Jewish women and marry a Jewish woman. That was sort of a given in my life . . . I never saw any alternative to that, let's put it that way. Times are different now with raising a family, as you well know, Irv, that the outside influences are much more difficult for having that Jewish environment. As a result, Jan and I decided that we together had a responsibility of creating a Jewish home without being lecturous or anything like that to our children, so . . . that we could maybe show them by example, what it is to be a Jew and to maybe, hopefully, follow in some of our footsteps, and particularly since, we are now practicing as liberal Reform Jews made it a little more difficult. Although we didn't keep a kosher home, we both thought of mixing milk and meat, and drinking milk with a hamburger. It was sort of a dichotomy, because I couldn't figure out how those two things would mix in one stomach. On the other hand, I would eat cheeseburgers, so you explained that I don't know. It's sort of a confusion. But anyway, we did get involved very deeply in the Jewish community, and we tried to educate our sons Jewishly by example. We really subscribe to the philosophy that the synagogue, that's one or two hours of Sunday school or the bar mitzvah preparation was not adequate in order to raise a Jewish person. That it really goes back to the family, to the home, to the household, and that environment. I think similar to your sons, one of the things we recognized that trip to Israel was very important. We made sure that all four of our sons had an opportunity to go to Israel for a summer. I think a six week program, either by the Bureau of Jewish Education or through the National Federation of Temple Youth . . . That was an interesting experience because rather than just convey to them a gift to go to Israel, we set tasks in front of them. They had to earn and work. There were, you probably recall, there was scholarship money that the Bureau and there was scholarship money at Temple Sinai. In fact, I helped establish that scholarship fund. But unbeknownst to my children, in order to earn that scholarship, they had to do certain things, Jewishly. They had a teacher's assistant in school . . . They belonged to the youth group. When they did earn that scholarship, Jan and I, and to this day they probably don't acknowledge or understand or even know that we replenished that scholarship money to those two agencies. But it was the act of them trying to earn something rather than just say, I'm going on vacation. The other thing that we did, because I think family is awfully important, and since we had no immediate family in the Atlanta area, but we did a lot of traveling. Our children really were not campers, so to speak, they didn't. Our oldest son went to camp one or two summers, but . . . that wasn't really with the others like to do. We decided we'd do a lot of traveling. In our traveling . . . even there we had an agenda. One was the pre-planning which they participated in. Two, going on American history, whether it bet the Revolutionary or Civil War or just seeing national parks. But the third, and probably equally as important to all that was to always connect with family members, whether it be in California, Florida or Chicago or New York or Pennsylvania. There was always a destination to spend two or three or four or five days with family after we did our travels through every part of the country. All of a sudden, they realized they were part of a larger group, so to speak. I think that was helpful. Then finally, I guess the rewards of all that is that they were bar mitzvahed. They did participate in various activities of the Jewish community. Probably the greatest award was that they were all married under the chuppah in a synagogue. That was, I guess, our personal joy and reward for what we have done for the prior 15 or 20, 20 some odd years in raising children. One other thing that we did, and I think I maybe mentioned this before, that Jan and I have been going to UAHC now, the . . . Union for Reform Judaism, biennials all over the country every two years. [We've been] doing it probably since the mid-1970s. It is part of those biennial conventions. There's always an exhibition hall that . . . brings in artists and artisans from all over the world, who create Judaic lithographs, painting, art, sculpture, jewelry, etc. That has been primarily the source of the things we have acquired over the years. One thing we also did is we always came back . . . for each of our children, a couple items of Judaica, whether they all got a lithograph or they all got a painting or they all got a piece of artwork, or a mezuzah. We always brought those back and we held them. We didn't necessarily give it to them. That the point when they were going to establish a Jewish home, we wanted then to convey it to them so that their homes could be then adorned with Judaica. That is true today. That's one of the great pleasures we have when we visit our children and our grandchildren. That their home in . . . many ways is similar to ours. They have Judaica art displayed all over their over their home. It's a good feeling. It's a good feeling to see that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=6315.0,6884.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSCHOENBERG:\u003c/strong\u003e Warren, being a military man, I would say you deserve a medal. You have done an outstanding job of raising your Jewish family. You're a role model, and you may not want to hear that, but you are a role model. If every Jewish male would do what you have done for your children with the support of a very supportive wife, God will bless you many, many times over. You've told me about a session that you've held with each of your children. It's rather unique. I've never heard of that before. But tell us what that means. What is it?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=6884.0,6922.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eEPSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e It appeared that, to me at least, that in their upbringing and young adulthood that we were always there to either direct them or suggest they do this or give them alternatives and help them . . . make an application to college. Make application to graduate schools, whatever. We were the constant support. We really did demand anything other than we wanted to see their grades. I remember one specifically, when our first son went off to college. . . at orientation, they got up and they said, we expect all the children to be adults now that they're in college, and therefore their grades will be sent to them, not to you, the parents. I turned to my son, and I said, \"If you want your second quarter's tuition, I will see your grades.\" I thought that was very important . . . I was demanding in that regard that they would try their best and accomplish the most they could in those years while they were in post-secondary education. However, as each one of them finished undergraduate, then graduate school. G-d knows it [was] probably between 30, something like 32 academic years and study abroad programs. I think I paid my dues . . . I was determined to have a sit down with them at that point. That was sort of a milestone where now they were really off on their own. I wanted them to know at that point in time that they were responsible for themselves in terms of financing, in terms of personal health, in terms of personal involvement, professions or their businesses. We had a very serious, quality sit down conversations immediately following their formal education at universities. Even to the extent that we put no more demands on them at that point in time. But I made it clear to them at that point in their life that we were not there to make any more decisions for them. In fact, we would offer no suggestions, we would only respond to requests, and while our love was unconditional, we were not here to dictate anything they had to do the remaining part of their life. That we would only be responsible or respond to questions or if they wanted some input on some issue, we would certainly give it. They had to request it.  It wouldn't be offered without being requested. I think they appreciate that. They then each embarked on their careers. We're very happy with what they have achieved.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=6922.0,7116.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSCHOENBERG:\u003c/strong\u003e Warren, if I could offer an opinion. You have spoken the words that would be a wonderful how to book. How to be a successful father in a Jewish world. You've done a fantastic job, and I congratulate you. I commend you. I think it's extremely good. We're getting to the end of our interview, and maybe you'd want to say something in conclusion.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=7116.0,7143.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eEPSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e First of all, Irv, I guess, I want to thank you, and the Breman [museum] and the archives. I think this is certainly an honor to be asked to do this. If it has beneficial help to people after this, and so be it. I'm most interested. It's been sort of a challenging experience for me because as Irv, you probably will know, I'm probably a better listener than a talker. This is perhaps the most talking I've done. Also too, I think I sort of consider myself sort of private. You've opened up a lot of things from me that, perhaps, maybe needed to be said. But I always sort of restrained myself, and I don't talk about these things. But from that standpoint, it's been a pleasure. I want to thank you for it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=7143.0,7198.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSCHOENBERG:\u003c/strong\u003e We thank you. I'd like to throw in a little word or two. You've heard me use the expression ethical will. Whether you realize it or not, you've just written your ethical will. These tapes, I hope, will come into the hands of your children and your grandchildren, so they can fully appreciate what you've done for them. You've done a great deal for them. In conclusion of our interview, let me say, Warren, that what we've heard are the words of a dedicated Jew, a very successful father, a successful architect in his profession, a husband to a wife who has given him great joy and to whom you have given a great deal of joy. This has been one of the best interviews that I know of, and I hope that the various organizations that are sponsoring this will appreciate it as much as I do personally. Thank you, Warren Epstein, you have been a wonderful memoirist, and it will be recorded duly. Thank you very much.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=7198.0,7265.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/transcript/70083/annotation/185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eEPSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e Thank you, Irv.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=7265.0,10867.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/annotation_set/1471","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Annotations [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/annotation_set/1471/annotation/186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIrving Schoenberg (1925-2024) was born and raised in St. Joseph, Missouri. He attended West Point in 1944 and served in the military for over 30 years. During the Korean War, he served in the Strategic Air Command. He also was a Legislative Liaison and White House aide under President Dwight D. Eisenhower and worked at the Pentagon. After retiring from the military, he worked at Abrams Industries in Atlanta. He was active with various community organizations and a member of Temple Sinai. He married his wife Ann in 1956 and they had three sons, David Eric, and Jeffrey.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=11.0,46.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/annotation_set/1471/annotation/187","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum in Atlanta celebrates and commemorates Jewish history, culture, and art through events and museum spaces. The Breman also contains the Cuba Family Archives for Southern Jewish History, which houses thousands of manuscripts, oral histories, and photograph collections, related to southern Jewish history and the Holocaust. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=11.0,46.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/annotation_set/1471/annotation/188","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe American Jewish Committee (AJC) was founded in 1906 to safeguard the welfare and security of Jews worldwide. It is one of the oldest Jewish advocacy organizations in the United States.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=11.0,46.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/annotation_set/1471/annotation/189","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe National Council of Jewish Women is an organization of volunteers and advocates, founded in the 1890s, who turn progressive ideals in advocacy and philanthropy inspired by Jewish values. They strive to improve the quality of life for women, children and families.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=11.0,46.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/annotation_set/1471/annotation/190","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWilkes-Barre is a city in Pennsylvania. It is located in the Wyoming Valley in the northeastern part of the state. The city sits on the Susquehanna River and it was founded in 1769. The area was originally inhabited by the Shawnee and Lenape Native American tribes. The city’s growth in the 19th century was due in part to the mining of anthracite coal, but the coal industry collapsed after World War II.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=53.0,63.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/annotation_set/1471/annotation/191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJewish babies are given Hebrew names shortly after they are born. A brief ceremony is performed, which often includes friends and family members of the new baby. Ashkenazi Jews often select a name that commemorates a deceased relative of the baby in order to honor that person’s memory. Sephardic Jews often follow the custom of naming their children after living relatives. Blessings are recited for the baby’s well-being. The traditional wish is offered—that this child may grow into a life of study of Torah, of loving relationships, and the performance of good deeds. Boys are usually named at the same time as they are circumcised. Girls can be named any time in the first few weeks.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=70.0,73.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/annotation_set/1471/annotation/192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFlorence Friedman Epstein (1906-1972) was born and raised in Scranton, Pennsylvania. She was the daughter of Max and Ethel Friedman. In 1929, she married Monte Epstein and they lived in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania. They had two sons, Jerome and Warren. She and her husband operated the Epstein Clothing Store. After retirement, they moved to Florida.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=93.0,115.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/annotation_set/1471/annotation/193","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eScranton is a city and county seat of Lackawanna County, Pennsylvania. It is the most populous city in northeastern Pennsylvania and the Wyoming Valley. The city’s nickname is the “Electric City” which it earned when electric lights were introduced in 1880 by the Dickson Manufacturing Company. Six years later, the U.S.’s first electric street cars began operating the city. Baptist minister, Rev. David Spencer, declared the city the “Electric City”. The city was incorporated in 1856 and is named for George W. Scranton.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=93.0,115.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/annotation_set/1471/annotation/194","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMonte Epstein (1903-1987) was the second of six sons born to Louis Epstein and Rosa Carlstein Epstein. He was born and raised in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania. He operated a men’s clothing store in the city for around 30 years. He and his wife Florence Friedman Epstein later moved to Florida. They had two sons, Warren and Jerome, both of Atlanta.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=93.0,115.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/annotation_set/1471/annotation/195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJerome Epstein (1931-1995) was born and raised in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania. He was the oldest son of Monte and Florence Friedman Epstein. He attended Penn State, where he majored in electrical engineering. He lived in New York and later Atlanta.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=120.0,130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/annotation_set/1471/annotation/196","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJanice “Jan” Lincove Epstein (b. 1937) was born in Shreveport, Louisiana. She married architect Warren Epstein and they moved to Atlanta, Georgia. Jan was a charter member of Temple Sinai in Sandy Springs, Georgia and later served as president of the congregation. She was the synagogue’s first female president and the first woman to serve as a synagogue president in Atlanta. She was, along with Carol Nemo, the first co-president the Davis Academy, a of the Reform Jewish day school in Atlanta, Georgia. She hosted a long-running weekly interview program about Jewish life on Atlanta Interfaith Broadcasters television network (now known as AIB-TV). She and Warren have four sons, Mark, Lane, Kyle, and Glen.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=141.0,181.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/annotation_set/1471/annotation/197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEllis Island is an island located in New York Harbor, that is situated between New York and New Jersey. It is owned by the United States government and was the busiest immigrant inspection and processing station in the United States from 1892-1954. Today it is part of the Statue of Liberty National Monument and is now a national museum on immigration.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=347.0,411.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/annotation_set/1471/annotation/198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJulius Epstein (1839-1913) was born in Poland and immigrated to the United States in 1867. He settled in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania. He operated a clothing store for 30 years and after he retired his son, Louis took over the business. He was a member of the Welles Street Synagogue and the order of B’rith Abraham. He was married to Fannie Lippman Epstein. He was the great grandfather of Warren Epstein.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=418.0,619.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/annotation_set/1471/annotation/199","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFannie Lippman Epstein (1831-1915) was born in Schwarza, Saxony, Germany. She immigrated to the United States with her husband Julius Epstein in 1867. They settled in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania and had one son, Louis. She was a member of the Welles Street Synagogue and of the Ladies Aid.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=418.0,619.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/annotation_set/1471/annotation/200","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRoman, Romania is a city located in the central part of western Moldavia. The city dates back to the late 1380’s. After World War II, the city was under Communist rule and was a important industrial center in Romania. With the fall of communism, the city struggled economically, but recovered when the steel tube factory was purchased by Mittal Steel Company.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=418.0,619.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/annotation_set/1471/annotation/201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBay City is a city and the county seat of Bay County, Michigan. The city is located upriver from Saginaw Bay on the Saginaw River. The city was settled in 1831 and was originally known as Lower Saginaw. The city grew thanks to the lumbering and milling industries and became incorporated in 1865.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=418.0,619.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/annotation_set/1471/annotation/202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eChicago is the largest city in Illinois and located on Lake Michigan. It is known for its bold architecture with skyscrapers such as the John Hancock Center, the Willis Tower, formerly the Sears Tower, and the neo-Gothic Tribune Tower. It is also known for its museums including the Chicago Institute of Art. The city was incorporated in 1837 and it grew rapidly during the 19th century.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=418.0,619.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/annotation_set/1471/annotation/203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBudapest is the capital and most populous city of Hungary. Budapest was the co-capital of the Austro-Hungarian Empire and the focal point of the Hungarian Revolution of 1848 and the Battle of Budapest in 1945, as well as the Hungarian Revolution of 1956. Before World War II, the Jewish population of the city was almost 185,000. Budapest was heavily bombed during the war and the two ghettos were formed in the city. Around 20,000 to 25,000 Jews survived in the International ghetto and a little less than 70,000 survived in the Pest ghetto. Another estimated 25,000 Jews had survived in hiding in Budapest. Today, Budapest is a global city with strengths in commerce, finance, media, art, fashion, research, technology, education, and entertainment. The city also has around 80 geothermal springs, the largest thermal water cave system, second-largest synagogue, and third-largest Parliament building in the world. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=418.0,619.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/annotation_set/1471/annotation/204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEaston, Pennsylvania is the county seat of Northampton Conty. It was settled in 1739 and incorporated in 1887. It sits on the confluence of the Lehigh River and Delaware River. The land was originally settled by Lenape Native Americans, who refer to the area as “the Place at the Forks.”\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=418.0,619.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/annotation_set/1471/annotation/205","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWind Gap is a borough in Northampton County, Pennsylvania. It is part of the Leigh Valley metropolitan area and was founded in 1893.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=418.0,619.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/annotation_set/1471/annotation/206","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJacob Mittelman (1847-1928) was born in Hungary and immigrated to the United States in 1896. He and his family settled in Scranton, Pennsylvania, where he was a merchant. His was the father of Ethel Mittelman Friedman, grandfather of Florence Friedman Epstein, and great grandfather of Warren Epstein.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=418.0,619.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/annotation_set/1471/annotation/207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePoconos: The Pocono Mountains or the Poconos is a region in Northeastern Pennsylvania of forests, lakes, peaks, and valleys. The mountains are surrounded by the Delaware River, Lake Wallenpaupack, Wyoming Valley and Lehigh Valley. The name comes from the Munsee, Indigenous American, word Pokawachne, meaning ‘Stream/creek between two hills’. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=418.0,619.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/annotation_set/1471/annotation/208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAnthracite coal is the highest rank of coal. It hard, brittle, and black lustrous coal with the highest carbon content and the fewest impurities. It is also known as hard coal or black coal.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=668.0,725.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/annotation_set/1471/annotation/209","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe American Revolutionary War, also called the “American War of Independence,” was fought between American colonists and Great Britain between 1775 and 1783. It resulted in the independence and formation of the United States of America.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=668.0,725.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/annotation_set/1471/annotation/210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAntisemitism is prejudice against, hostility to, or hatred of Jews.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=735.0,814.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/annotation_set/1471/annotation/211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJoe Palooka is an American comic strip about a heavyweight boxing champion. Ham Fisher created the cartoon. It debuted in 1930, and at its peak was carried in 900 papers. The cartoon was cancelled in 1984. The comic ran as a syndicated television series, comic books, and merchandise. In 1980, a mountain in Pennsylvania was named for the character.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=735.0,814.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/annotation_set/1471/annotation/212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHam Fisher (1900-1955) was born and raised in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania. He was a comic and cartoonist who created the long running comic Joe Palooka, which launched in 1930 and ran until 1984. He was inducted in the Luzerne County Arts \u0026amp; Entertainment Hall of Fame in 2023, which was the inaugural class.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=735.0,814.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/annotation_set/1471/annotation/213","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWorld War II (abbreviated WWII or WW2) was a global war involving fighting in most of the world and most countries. Most countries fought in the years 1939–1945 but some started fighting in 1937. Most of the world's countries, including all the great powers, fought as part of two military alliances: the Allies and the Axis Powers. World War II was the largest and deadliest conflict in all of history. It involved more countries, cost more money, involved more people, and killed more people than any other war in history. Between 50 to 85 million people died. The majority were civilians. It included massacres, the deliberate genocide of the Holocaust, strategic bombing, starvation, disease, and the only use of nuclear weapons against civilians in history.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=821.0,877.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/annotation_set/1471/annotation/214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA cheder is a traditional elementary school teaching the basics of Judaism and the Hebrew language.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=821.0,877.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/annotation_set/1471/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA bar mitzvah [Hebrew: son of commandments; plural: b’nai mitzvah] is a rite of passage for Jewish boys aged 13 years and one day. At that time, a Jewish boy is considered a responsible adult for most religious purposes. He is now duty-bound to keep the commandments, he puts on tefillin, and may be counted to the minyan quorum for public worship. He celebrates the bar mitzvah by being called up to the reading of the Torah in the synagogue, usually on the next available Sabbath after his Hebrew birthday.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=821.0,877.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/annotation_set/1471/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eElmer L. Meyers Junior/Senior High School was a public school located in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania. It opened in 1930 and closed in 2021. It was closed due to disrepair and needed repairs to the attached stadium.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=1026.0,1109.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/annotation_set/1471/annotation/217","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePenn State was founded in 1855 and is a public state-related land grant research university. It has campuses and facilities throughout Pennsylvania, but the largest and original campus is located in University Park.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=1112.0,1212.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/annotation_set/1471/annotation/218","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWyoming Seminary College Preparatory School was founded in 1844 as a Methodist college preparatory school. It is located in the Kingston, Pennsylvania within the Wyoming Valley. The campus is split between a Lower School and Upper School. The Lower School campus includes preschool-8th grade students and the Upper School campus includes 9th grade-postgraduate students and includes space for boarding students.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=1112.0,1212.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/annotation_set/1471/annotation/219","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eKingston is a borough in Luzerne County, Pennsylvania. It is located on the Susquehanna River, opposite Wilkes-Barre. The borough was first settled in the early 1770’s and incorporated in 1857.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=1112.0,1212.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/annotation_set/1471/annotation/220","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) is a private research university located in Cambridge, Massachusetts. It was founded in 1861 and has played an important role in various developments in technology and science including wind tunnels, radar detection, GPS, condensed soup, and the World Wide Web.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=1112.0,1212.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/annotation_set/1471/annotation/221","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe United States Naval Academy is a federal service academy in Annapolis, Maryland. It was established in 1845 and is the second oldest of the five U.S. service academies. It educates midshipman for service in the officer corps of the United States Navey and United States Marine Corps.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=1217.0,1245.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/annotation_set/1471/annotation/222","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRosa Carlstein Epstein (abt. 1880-1953) was born in Russia and immigrated to the United States as a child with her family. Her family settled in Bay City, Michigan. In 1900, she married Louis Epstein, and they lived in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania. After Louis’s death, she moved to Fort Lauderdale, Florida and operated a clothing store with her son. She was active in the Jewish community including being a member of B’nai Jacob synagogue and Temple Israel Sisterhood. She and Louis had six sons and was the grandmother of Warren Epstein.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=1324.0,1363.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/annotation_set/1471/annotation/223","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLouis Epstein (1874-1937) was born and raised in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania. He operated a men’s clothing store in Wilkes-Barre. He was a member of Temple Israel, B’nai Jacob synagogue, Young Men’s Hebrew Association, and the Zionist organization. He married Rosa Carlstein in 1900, and they had six sons. He was the grandfather of Warren Epstein.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=1324.0,1363.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/annotation_set/1471/annotation/224","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAlso known as Masorti Judaism, Conservative Judaism is a form of Judaism that seeks to preserve Jewish tradition and ritual but has a more flexible approach to the interpretation of the law than Orthodox Judaism. It attempts to combine a positive attitude toward modern culture, while preserving a commitment to Jewish observance. In general, Conservative congregations also observe gender equality (mixed seating, women rabbis, and bat mitzvah). The governing body for Conservative Judaism in the United States is the United Synagogue of Conservative Judaism (USCJ), formerly known as the United Synagogue of America.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=1324.0,1363.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/annotation_set/1471/annotation/225","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTemple Israel is a Conservative synagogue in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania. It was founded in 1922 and continues to operate in the Wilkes-Barre community.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=1366.0,1368.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/annotation_set/1471/annotation/226","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA chamber of commerce is a local association to promote and protect the interests of the business community in a particular town or state.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=1394.0,1464.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/annotation_set/1471/annotation/227","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGeorgia Institute of Technology, which is commonly referred to as Georgia Tech is a public research university and institute of technology in Atlanta. It was founded in 1885 during Reconstruction as part of the plan to build a industrial economy in the post-Civil War South.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=1394.0,1464.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/annotation_set/1471/annotation/228","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePhi Epsilon Pi (ΦEΠ, known as “Phi Ep”) was a predominantly Jewish fraternity active between 1904 and 1970. At its peak it had at least 48 chapters across the United States and Canada. In 1970, Phi Ep was absorbed by a rival Jewish fraternity, Zeta Beta Tau.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=1473.0,1539.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/annotation_set/1471/annotation/229","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTau Epsilon Phi (ΤΕΦ, nicknamed “Tep”) is a college social fraternity founded by Jewish students at Columbia University in 1910. As of 2022, it has fifteen active chapters and five active colonies, with its oldest active chapter residing at the University of Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=1473.0,1539.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/annotation_set/1471/annotation/230","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAlpha Epsilon Pi (ΑΕΠ, nicknamed \"AEPi\") is a Jewish college social fraternity founded at New York University in 1913. As of 2022, it has over 186 active chapters located on university campuses around the world. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=1473.0,1539.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/annotation_set/1471/annotation/231","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Reserve Officers' Training Corps (ROTC) is a college-based program for training commissioned officers of the United States Armed Forces. ROTC officers serve in all branches of the United States armed forces. Army ROTC students who receive scholarships are obligated to fulfill a service commitment after graduation.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=1543.0,1600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/annotation_set/1471/annotation/232","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDan Flood (1903-1994) was an American lawyer and politician. He was the long-serving Democrat United States Representative from Pennsylvania 11th district. He first held office from 1945-1947, then in1949-1953, and finally from 1955-1980. He was credited with leading efforts to help the Wilkes-Barre area recover from impact of the Agnes Flood in 1972. In February 1980, he pleaded guilty to a single count of payoffs and was placed on one year probation. The House of Representative censured him for bribery, and he resigned.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=1543.0,1600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/annotation_set/1471/annotation/233","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWise, Simpson, Aiken and Associates was an architecture firm that was formed in 1951 when James C. Wise, William M. Simpson, and Hobert W. Aiken formed a partnership. The firm was incorporated in 1959 and operated until 1978. The firm focused on commercial and government buildings.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=1683.0,1735.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/annotation_set/1471/annotation/234","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe U.S. Army Corps of Engineers is the engineering branch of the United States Army. It has been an active part of the army since 1775. The Corps of Engineering has three primary mission areas including – engineer regiment, military construction, and civil works.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=1683.0,1735.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/annotation_set/1471/annotation/235","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eColumbia is the capital city of South Carolina. It is the second-largest city in the state and was chartered as a town in 1805 and city in 1854. The city’s name is often abbreviated to Cola, which lead to the nickname “Soda City.” The area was originally settled by Congaree Native American, who lived along the Congaree River. Today, Columbia sites at the confluence of the Saluda River and the Broad River, which merge at Columbia to form the Congaree River.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=1683.0,1735.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/annotation_set/1471/annotation/236","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFort Jackson is a U.S. Army base in Columbia, South Carolina. It operates as Basic Combat Training (BCT) camp. It was created in 1917 as the United States entered World War I. Fort Jackson was named after Andrew Jackson, a U.S. Army general and seventh president of the U.S.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=1683.0,1735.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/annotation_set/1471/annotation/237","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFort Belvoir is a U.S. Army installation and census-designated place in Fairfax County, Virigina. The military was built in 1917 and developed on the site of the former Belvoir plantation, home of William Fairfax. It was known as Camp A.A. Humphreys from 1917 to 1935. Fort Belvoir is home to several significant U.S. military organizations and the largest employer in Fairfax County.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=1683.0,1735.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/annotation_set/1471/annotation/238","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWashington, D.C. is the United States capital. The city sits on the Potomac River and borders Maryland and Virginia. The city is home to the three branches of the federal government including  the Capitol, the White House, and the Supreme Court. It is also home to various well-known museums and performing arts venues such as the Kennedy Center.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=1810.0,1814.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/annotation_set/1471/annotation/239","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Anti-Defamation League (ADL) was founded in 1913 “to stop the defamation of the Jewish people and to secure justice and fair treatment to all.” ADL fights antisemitism and all forms of bigotry, defends democratic ideals, and protects civil rights.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=1858.0,1991.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/annotation_set/1471/annotation/240","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePaul Epstein (1906-1978) was born and raised in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania. He attended Wyoming Seminary and the University of Pennsylvania. During World War II, he served in the South Pacific. He and his wife, Mary, moved with his mother, Rosa, to Fort Lauderdale, Florida where they operated a men’s clothing store. He served as for B’nai B’rith, Temple Emanu-El, and chairman of the Anti-Defamation League and United Jewish Appeal. He was the uncle of Warren Epstein.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=1858.0,1991.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/annotation_set/1471/annotation/241","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFort Lauderdale is a coastal city in the U.S. state of Florida, 30 miles north of Miami along the Atlantic Ocean. It is the county seat of and largest city in Broward County. It is the tenth largest city in the state of Florida.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=1858.0,1991.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/annotation_set/1471/annotation/242","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHack \u0026amp; Associates was an architectural firm founded by Michael Hack. The firm was best known for its work on hospitals and synagogues through out Georgia. One of the firm’s best known designs was the Stone Mountain cable cars.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=2009.0,2157.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/annotation_set/1471/annotation/243","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMichael Hack (1901-1967) was a native of Basel, Switzerland. He became the first Swiss consulate in Atlanta in 1956. He attended the Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich, Switzerland. He worked as an architect in Europe, before coming to New York in 1940 and Atlanta in 1949. He was the president of Hack \u0026amp; Associates in Atlanta.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=2009.0,2157.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/annotation_set/1471/annotation/244","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA consulate agent is an official that provides passports, birth registrations, and other services for visiting or foreign citizens in a country.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=2009.0,2157.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/annotation_set/1471/annotation/245","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSavannah is the oldest city in the state of Georgia. It is a coastal city, separated from Charleston, South Carolina by the Savannah River. The city and the colony of Georgia was founded in 1733 when General James Oglethorpe and settlers arrived. During the Revolutionary War the city was the southernmost commercial port and during the Civil War it was the sixth most populous city in the Confederacy. City officials negotiated a peaceful surrender of the city in 1864, saving the city from destruction by General Sherman’s army. The city is known for its historic district with its 22 parklike squares, which was based on a design known as the Oglethorpe Plan.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=2009.0,2157.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/annotation_set/1471/annotation/246","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMassell Realty Company was founded in the early 1900’s by brothers, Ben, Sam and Levi Massell. The company was very involved in the development and sale of several landmark properties in Atlanta. The Massell brothers were civic and Jewish leaders in Atlanta. The Massell family continues to operate the business today.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=2009.0,2157.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/annotation_set/1471/annotation/247","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Selig family founded Selig Enterprises, one of the major real estate companies in the Southeast. The origins of the company date back to 1918. Selig Enterprises has built shopping centers, government buildings, and industrial complexes in the Atlanta area. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=2009.0,2157.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/annotation_set/1471/annotation/248","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBenjamin Joseph Massell, Sr. (1886-1962) was a civic and community leader in both the Jewish and general communities of Atlanta. In the early 1900s, he and his two brothers, Sam and Levi, founded the Massell Realty Company, which had a hand in the development and sale of several landmark properties in Atlanta. Civic leader Ivan Allen, Sr., was known to say, “Sherman burned Atlanta and Ben Massell built it back.” Ben Massell was the uncle of former Atlanta mayor Samuel A. Massell, Jr.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=2009.0,2157.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/annotation_set/1471/annotation/249","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe 1973-1975 recession was a period of economic stagnation that impacted much of the Western world during the 1970’s. Some of the causes included the 1973 oil crisis, the deficits of the Vietnam War under President Johnson, and the fall of the Bretton Woods system, which was a system of monetary management for commercial relations among the U.S., Canada, Western Europe countries, and Australia. The Bretton Woods system collapsed after a series of economic measures taken by the Nixon Administration. The impacts of the recession lasted from November 1973 to March 1975, but effects continued into the early 1980’s.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=2216.0,2341.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/annotation_set/1471/annotation/250","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eVictor Maslia (1928-1993) was an Atlanta native. He graduated from Commercial High School and Emory University with a degree in journalism. He worked as a real estate investor. In 1988, he was appointed to Atlanta’s City Council to fill an unexpired a vacant seat. He served as president for Apartment Owners and Managers Association, the Buckhead Business Association, and Or VeShalom synagogue. He was married to Lenore Sater Maslia, and they had one son and three daughters.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=2216.0,2341.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/annotation_set/1471/annotation/251","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBen Hirsch (1932-2018) was born in Frankfurt am Main, Germany and was a survivor of the Holocaust. He immigrated to the U.S. after the war and settled in Atlanta. He graduated from Georgia Tech and became a well-known architect. He the architect of the Memorial of The Six Million at the Greenwood Cemetery and the Holocaust exhibit at the William Breman Heritage Museum. He served as the president of Congregation Beth Jacob and Yeshiva High School. Hirsch was also a founding member of Eternal-Life Hemshech, the Atlanta Holocaust Survivors organization. He and his wife, Jacqueline had four children and 23 grandchildren.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=2216.0,2341.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/annotation_set/1471/annotation/252","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eShul is a Yiddish word for synagogue that is derived from a German word meaning “school,” and emphasizes the synagogue's role as a place of study.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=2216.0,2341.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/annotation_set/1471/annotation/253","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSephardic Jews are the Jews of Spain, Portugal, North Africa, and the Middle East, and their descendants. The adjective “Sephardic” and corresponding nouns Sephardi (singular) and Sephardim (plural) are derived from the Hebrew word Sepharad, which refers to Spain. Historically, the vernacular language of Sephardic Jews was Ladino, a Romance language derived from Old Spanish, incorporating elements from the old Romance languages of the Iberian Peninsula, Hebrew, Aramaic, and in the lands receiving those who were exiled, Ottoman Turkish, Arabic, Greek, Bulgarian, and Serbo-Croatian vocabulary.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=2216.0,2341.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/annotation_set/1471/annotation/254","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCongregation Or VeShalom was established in Atlanta, Georgia by refugees of the Ottoman Empire, namely from Turkey and the Isle of Rhodes. The Sephardic congregation began in 1920 and was based at Central and Woodward Avenues until 1948 when it moved to a larger building on North Highland Road. Or VeShalom’s current synagogue is located on North Druid Hills Road. As of 2022, the congregation’s rabbi is Josh Hearshen.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=2216.0,2341.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/annotation_set/1471/annotation/255","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCongregation Dor Tamid is a Reform congregation located in Johns Creek, Georgia. It was created in 2004 by the merger of two existing congregations: Temple Shir Shalom that was located in Duluth; and Congregation B'nai Dorot that was located in Alpharetta. As of 2022, its senior rabbi is Jordan Ottenstein.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=2444.0,2523.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/annotation_set/1471/annotation/256","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRoswell, Georgia is located in northern Fulton County. It was incorporated in 1854 and today is the ninth largest city in Georgia. It a suburb of Atlanta and is known for its affluent historic district.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=2444.0,2523.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/annotation_set/1471/annotation/257","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAlpharetta is a city in northern Fulton County, Georgia. It is part of the Atlanta metropolitan area. It was first inhabited by the Cherokee people, and after they were forcibly relocated, pioneers and farmers settled on the land.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=2444.0,2523.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/annotation_set/1471/annotation/258","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eVirginia Beach is a coastal city in southeastern Virginia. It lies where the Chesapeake Bay meets the Atlantic Ocean. The city is a resort city with miles of beaches and hundreds of hotels and restaurants along its oceanfront. Cape Henry, which is located in the northeast corner of Virigina Beach, was the first landing of English colonists who eventually settled in Jamestown.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=2444.0,2523.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/annotation_set/1471/annotation/259","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eReform Judaism is a division within Judaism, especially in North America and the United Kingdom. Historically it began in the 19th century. In general, the Reform movement maintains that Judaism and Jewish traditions should be modernized and compatible with participation in Western culture. While the Torah remains the law, in Reform Judaism women are included (mixed seating, bat mitzvah, and women rabbis), instrumental music is allowed in the services, and most of the service is in the local language as opposed to Hebrew.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=2444.0,2523.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/annotation_set/1471/annotation/260","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCongregation Agudath Achim is a Conservative synagogue in Shreveport, Louisiana. It was founded at the turn of the 20th century. The congregation transitioned to Conservative Judaism gradually after World War II, and was formerly affiliated with the United Synagogue of America.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=2444.0,2523.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/annotation_set/1471/annotation/261","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eShreveport is a city in northwest Louisiana and is the third-most populous city in the state. The city was founded in 1836 by the Shreve Town Company, a corporation established to develop a town at the juncture of the newly navigable Red River and the Texas Trail. Today, the city is the educational, commercial, and cultural center of the Ark-La-Tex region.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=2444.0,2523.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/annotation_set/1471/annotation/262","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTemple Emanu-El is a Conservative synagogue in Charleston, South Carolina. It’s history dates back to 1947, when a group of members from Orthodox Brith Sholom decided to break away and form the Conservative synagogue.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=2444.0,2523.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/annotation_set/1471/annotation/263","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCharleston, South Carolina is a port city that was founded in 1670 and is now the largest city in South Carolina. It was originally known as Charles Town and sits at an inlet of the Atlantic Ocean formed by the Ashley, Cooper and Wando rivers. The city was a major slave trading port in the 18th century. The American Civil War started in Charleston Harbor with the Confederate army firing on the Union’s Fort Sumter.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=2444.0,2523.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/annotation_set/1471/annotation/264","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTemple B’nai Israel is a Reform synagogue in Clearwater, Florida. It was founded in 1949 and is one of the oldest congregations in Pinellas County, Florida.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=2444.0,2523.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/annotation_set/1471/annotation/265","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eClearwater is a city in Florida, in Pinellas County. It is located near Tampa and St. Petersburg, on the Gulf of Mexico and Tampa Bay. During World War II, the city became a major training base for American troops. Nearly every hotel in the area was used as barracks and nighttime blackouts regularly occurred. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=2444.0,2523.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/annotation_set/1471/annotation/266","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRhodes is a Greek island in the Aegean Sea, off the southwest coast of Turkey. It is the largest island of the Dodecanese archipelago and serves as the capital of the Greek Islands. In 1912, Rhodes had been seized by Italy and it remained under Italian control until 1943. When Italy surrendered to the Allies, it came under German control. In the early 20th century, Rhodes was home to various ethnic groups, including Jews, whose presence dates back 2,300 years, with Kahal Shalom Synagogue being established in 1557.  In 1840, Jewish citizens were falsely accused of ritually murdering a boy by the Greek Orthodox community in an event that is known as the Rhodes blood libel. At its peak in the 1920s, the Jewish community was one-third of the town's total population. The Jewish community on the island was severely impacted by the Holocaust. In the summer of 1944, 1,673 Jews, known as Rhodeslis, were loaded onto boats and sent to mainland Greece. There, they were loaded onto cattle cars and sent to Auschwitz-Birkenau. Only about 150 survived. After the war, Rhodes returned to Greece. Few Jews live on the island year-round today. In 1997, the Jewish Museum of Rhodes was established to preserve the Jewish history and culture of Rhodes.  \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=2537.0,2742.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/annotation_set/1471/annotation/267","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFounded in 1904, Congregation Shearith Israel began as a congregation that met in the homes of congregants until 1906 when they began using a Methodist church on Hunter Street. After World War II, Rabbi Tobias Geffen moved the congregation to University Drive, where it became the first synagogue in DeKalb County. In the 1960s, they removed the barrier between the men’s and women’s sections in the sanctuary, and officially became affiliated with the Conservative movement in 2002. As of 2022, the current Senior Rabbi of the congregation is Ari Kaiman.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=2537.0,2742.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/annotation_set/1471/annotation/268","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Standard Club is a Jewish social club that started as the “Concordia Association” in 1867 in Downtown Atlanta. In 1905, it was reorganized as the “Standard Club” and moved into the former mansion of William C. Sanders near the site of Center Parc Credit Union Stadium (formerly Turner Field). In the late 1920s the club moved to Ponce de Leon Avenue in Midtown Atlanta. Later, the club moved to what is now the Lenox Park business park and was located there until 1983. In the 1980s, the club moved to its present location in Johns Creek in Atlanta’s northern suburbs.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=2537.0,2742.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/annotation_set/1471/annotation/269","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe American Civil War, widely known in the United States as the “Civil War” or the “War Between the States,” was fought from 1861 to 1865 to determine the survival of the Union or independence for the Confederacy. In January 1861, seven Southern slave states declared their secession from the United States and formed the Confederate States of America. The Confederacy, often called the “South,” grew to include 11 states, and although they claimed 13 states and additional western territories, the Confederacy was never diplomatically recognized by a foreign country. The states that did not declare secession were known as the “Union” or the “North.” The war had its origin in the issue of slavery. After four years of bloody combat, which left over 600,000 Union and Confederate soldiers dead and destroyed much of the South's infrastructure, the Confederacy collapsed, slavery was abolished, and the difficult Reconstruction process of restoring national unity and granting civil rights to freed slaves began.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=2537.0,2742.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/annotation_set/1471/annotation/270","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAhavath Achim Synagogue (often referred to as \"AA\") was founded as an Orthodox congregation in 1887 in a small room on Gilmer Street. In 1901 they moved to a permanent building at the corner of Piedmont Avenue and Gilmer Street. In 1921, the congregation constructed a synagogue at Washington Street and Woodward Avenue. It joined the Conservative movement in 1952. The final service in the Washington Street building was held in 1958 to make way for construction of the Downtown Connector (the concurrent section of Interstate 75 and Interstate 85 through Atlanta). The synagogue moved to its current location on Peachtree Battle Avenue in 1958. As of 2022, Ahavath Achim is the largest Conservative synagogue in the Atlanta area and its current Senior Rabbi is Laurence Rosenthal.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=2537.0,2742.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/annotation_set/1471/annotation/271","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Temple, or “Hebrew Benevolent Congregation,” is Atlanta’s oldest Jewish congregation. The cornerstone was laid on the Temple on Garnett Street in 1875. The dedication was held in 1877 and the Temple was located there until 1902. The Temple’s next location on Pryor Street was dedicated in 1902. The Temple’s current location in Midtown on Peachtree Street was dedicated in 1931. The main sanctuary is on the National Register of Historic Places. The Reform congregation now totals approximately 1500 families. As of 2022, its Senior Rabbi is Peter S. Berg.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=2537.0,2742.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/annotation_set/1471/annotation/272","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eYom Kippur [Hebrew: “day of atonement”] The most sacred day of the Jewish year. Yom Kippur is a 25-hour fast day. Most of the day is spent in prayer, reciting yizkor for deceased relatives, confessing sins, requesting divine forgiveness, and listening to Torah readings and sermons. People greet each other with the wish that they may be sealed in the heavenly book for a good year ahead. The day ends with the blowing of the shofar (a ram’s horn).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=2537.0,2742.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/annotation_set/1471/annotation/273","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRosh HaShanah [Hebrew: head of the year] begins the cycle of High Holy Days. It introduces the Ten Days of Penitence, when Jews examine their souls and take stock of their actions. On the tenth day is Yom Kippur, the Day of Atonement. The tradition is that on Rosh HaShanah, G-d sits in judgment on humanity. Then the fate of every living creature is inscribed in the Book of Life or the Book of Death. Prayer and repentance before the sealing of the books on Yom Kippur may revoke these decisions.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=2537.0,2742.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/annotation_set/1471/annotation/274","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGilbert “Gil” Bachman (1926-2018) was born in Brooklyn, New York, but moved to Florida as a child. He graduated from Georgia Tech, where he studied mechanical engineering. He was a member of Alpha Epsilon Pi fraternity at Georgia Tech. Bachman started at Dittler Brothers in 1948 and eventually become its chairman, chief executive cfficer, and majority shareholder. He was active in the Atlanta Jewish Federation, Atlanta Humane Society, and Atlanta’s Anti-Defamation League. He married Lee Gilner in 1950, and they had five children.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=3072.0,3108.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/annotation_set/1471/annotation/275","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLeon Socol (1926-2018) was a native of Breckenridge, Texas, but moved to Atlanta after serving in the U.S. Navy. He attended Georgia Tech and worked at the Atlantic Envelope Company. Leon was also a photographer and journalist, who wrote a column for many years in the Jewish Georgian. He and his wife, Frieda Feldman Socol had three children and five grandchildren.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=3072.0,3108.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/annotation_set/1471/annotation/276","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eB'nai B'rith Girls or BBG is the female order of the B'nai B'rith Youth Organization (BBYO), a youth movement that grew out of B’nai B’rith International, a Jewish service organization. BBG was founded in 1944 for teenage Jewish girls. Chapters of girls soon sprung up throughout the United States and Canada. Today, it is an international sorority. The male brother order is the Aleph Zadik Aleph (AZA).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=3072.0,3108.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/annotation_set/1471/annotation/277","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGeorgia State University is a public research university in Atlanta, Georgia. It was founded in 1913 and today has seven campuses around the Atlanta metro area. It is part of the University System of Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=3112.0,3185.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/annotation_set/1471/annotation/278","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFrederick “Freddy” Loef (1935-2009) was a native of Athens, Georgia. He attended Georgia Tech and was a member of Alpha Epsilon Pi fraternity. He worked with his father and operated the Loef Company. Loef was active in very community organizations in Athens and a member of the Congregation Children of Israel Temple. He and his wife, Sharon Sacks Loef had three children.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=3112.0,3185.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/annotation_set/1471/annotation/279","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAthens, Georgia is located in northeast Georgia. The city was founded in 1806 and is known for its antebellum architecture. The University of Georgia, the state's flagship public university and an R1 research institution, is in Athens and contributed to its initial growth. The city also has a growing food scene, an influential indie rock music scene, and is home to the Georgia Museum of Art. Athens has 15 neighborhoods on the National Register of Historic Places. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=3112.0,3185.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/annotation_set/1471/annotation/280","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe University of Georgia (UGA) is a public land grant university, which was founded in 1785 making it one of the oldest universities in the United States. Its main campus is in Athens, Georgia with two satellite campuses in Atlanta and Lawrenceville. It is the flagship school of the University System of Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=3112.0,3185.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/annotation_set/1471/annotation/281","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEmory University is a private research university in Atlanta, Georgia. Founded in 1836 as \"Emory College\" by the Methodist Episcopal Church and named in honor of Methodist bishop John Emory, Emory is the second-oldest private institution of higher education in Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=3112.0,3185.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/annotation_set/1471/annotation/282","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eArnold Hoffman (1922-1968) grew up in Atlanta and attended Boys’ High School and Emory University. He served as national president of Alpha Epsilon Pi fraternity. He also was a lieutenant commander in the U.S. Navy Reserve. He later moved to Dallas where he worked at Lovable Company. He and his wife Hazel Rosen Hoffman had two sons and a daughter.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=3112.0,3185.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/annotation_set/1471/annotation/283","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAlexander Hamilton (1757-1804) was an American military officer, statesman, and Founding Father of the United States. He served as an artillery officer in the American Revolutionary War and an aide to General George Washington. Hamilton served as a delegate from New York to the Congress of the Confederation and authored 51 of the 85 installments of The Federalist Papers. He later served as the first U.S. Secretary of the Treasury from 1789-1795. He died after being shot in a duel with political rival Aaron Burr.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=3198.0,3390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/annotation_set/1471/annotation/284","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePercival Goodman (1904-1989) was an American urban theorist and architect. He designed more than 50 synagogues between 1948-1983. Goodman has been called the “leading theorist” of modern synagogue design and ‘the most prolific architect in Jewish history.”\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=3198.0,3390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/annotation_set/1471/annotation/285","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eErich Mendelsohn (1887-1953) was a German-British architect, known for his expressionist architecture in the 1920’s. He was a pioneer of the Art Deco and Streamline Moderne architecture. A few of well known projects include Einstein Tower in Potsdam, Germany, Mossehaus and Universum-Kino in Berlin, Germany, and Weizmann House near Tel Aviv, Israel.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=3198.0,3390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/annotation_set/1471/annotation/286","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Christian Bible has two sections, the Old Testament (the original Hebrew Bible, the sacred scriptures of the Jewish faith written between 1200 and 165 BC), and the New Testament (books written by Christians in the first century AD). Christians study both the Old and New Testaments, while Jews only study the Old Testament.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=3198.0,3390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/annotation_set/1471/annotation/287","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAmerican Institute of Architects or AIA is the professional organization for architects in the United States. The organization was started in 1857 in New York City and has grown to over 98,000 members worldwide. AIA works to champion meaningful policies that allow architects to build better buildings and take decisive action on issues that matter in the profession.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=3397.0,3500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/annotation_set/1471/annotation/288","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eConstruction Specifications Institute or CSI is a United States national association of more than 6,000 construction industry professionals who are experts in building construction and the materials used. The organization was started in 1948 and is headquartered in Alexandria, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=3397.0,3500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/annotation_set/1471/annotation/289","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe National Fire Protection Association is a U.S. based international non-profit organization that works to eliminate death, injury, property, and economic loss due to fire, electrical, and related hazards. The organization was founded in 1896 and is headquartered in Quincy, Massachusetts. The organization has about 50,000 members and 9,000 volunteers.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=3397.0,3500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/annotation_set/1471/annotation/290","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe International Code Council is an organization that develops construction and public safety codes through a governmental consensus process. It has members in over 41 countries and 405 chapters worldwide.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=3397.0,3500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/annotation_set/1471/annotation/291","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe American Arbitration Association is a non-profit organization and the world’s largest provider of arbitration, mediation, and other alternative dispute resolution services. The organization was founded in 1926 with the merger of the Arbitration Society of America and the Arbitration Foundation.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=3397.0,3500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/annotation_set/1471/annotation/292","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Guild of Religious Architecture, later the Interfaith Forum on Religion, Art, and Architecture, now the Interfaith Design is a knowledge community of the American Institute of Architects. They focus on the form and function of houses of worship. Those involved in the group are professionals whose primary interest is religious facilities.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=3505.0,3508.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/annotation_set/1471/annotation/293","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWilliam Tecumseh Sherman (1820-1891) was an American soldier, businessman, educator, and author. He served as a general in the Union Army during the American Civil War (1861–1865), achieving recognition for his command of military strategy as well as criticism for the harshness of the scorched-earth policies that he implemented against the Confederate States. Sherman was a leader for the Union during the Battle of Atlanta, which occurred midway through a larger campaign. General Sherman assaulted the Confederate forces that were defending the city, commanded by General John B. Hood, throughout the summer of 1864. Sherman constantly shelled the city and tried to seize railroads and supply lines into Atlanta to starve the residents out. Atlanta finally surrendered on September 2, 1864. Sherman established his headquarters in Atlanta, where he remained for some two months. In November 1864 Sherman ordered the evacuation of all citizens of Atlanta and on November 14 he burned the city to the ground before setting out to capture Savannah after which he began his “March to the Sea.\"\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=3510.0,3665.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/annotation_set/1471/annotation/294","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFranklin Delano Roosevelt (1882-1945) was the 32nd President of the United States and a central figure in world events during the mid-twentieth century, leading the United States through a time of worldwide economic crisis and war. Popularly known as “FDR,” he collapsed and died in his home in Warm Springs, Georgia just a few months before the end of World War II. He was a Democrat. FDR was an avid horseback rider and enjoyed an active early life. He was diagnosed with infantile paralysis, better known as polio, in 1921, at the age of 39. Despite permanent paralysis from the waist down, he was careful never to be seen using his wheelchair in public, and great care was taken to prevent any portrayal in the press that would highlight his disability.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=3510.0,3665.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/annotation_set/1471/annotation/295","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHistoric American Buildings Survey (HABS), the Historic American Engineering Record (HAER) and the Historic American Landscape Survey (HALS) are part of the Heritage Documentation Programs overseen by the National Park Services. The programs document historic sites and structures across the United States through the creation of measured drawings, large-format photographs, and historical reports. The documentations are archived at the Library of Congress.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=3510.0,3665.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/annotation_set/1471/annotation/296","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Library of Congress is the national library of the United States and the largest library in the world, with millions of items including books, recordings, photographs, maps, and manuscripts in its collections.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=3510.0,3665.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/annotation_set/1471/annotation/297","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe University of Virginia is a public research university in Charlottesville, Virginia. It was founded in 1819 by U.S. president Thomas Jefferson. Jefferson, along with U.S. Presidents James Madison and James Monroe severed on the original governing Board of Visitors. The university has eight undergraduate schools and three professional schools, the School of Law, the Darden School of Business, and the School of Medicine. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=3667.0,3693.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/annotation_set/1471/annotation/298","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eYale University is an Ivy League private university located in New Haven, Connecticut. It was established in 1701 as the Collegiate School and became known as Yale in 1718. It is the third-oldest university in the United States and considered one the most prestigious in the world. The Yale Divinity School was established in 1822.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=3667.0,3693.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/annotation_set/1471/annotation/299","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Atlanta Bureau of Jewish Education (ABJE) was created in 1946 to foster Jewish education in the city. In 1947, it was instrumental in forming a Hebrew High School is Atlanta. Over the course of four decades, the Bureau offered services to schools, the community and individuals including curriculum guides for Atlanta-area public schools, Holocaust education programs, conferences, workshops, programs for teenagers in Israel, festivals, adult education, classes, lectures, and extension classes for Sunday school teachers. The organization also operated a lending library of Jewish books and resources. The Bureau consisted of all accredited Rabbis in the community, all chairmen of committees of education of affiliated schools and all professional heads of affiliated schools. Samuel H. Rosenberg was its Executive Director from 1949 to 1962 and Hans Erman, a German Holocaust survivor born in 1914, served as its Executive Director from 1963 to 1969.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=3793.0,3805.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/annotation_set/1471/annotation/300","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCitizens and Southern National Bank (C\u0026amp;S) began as a Georgia institution that expanded into South Carolina, Florida, and into other states via mergers. It is headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia and was the largest bank in the Southeast for much of the 20th century. The bank began in Georgia with the merger of the Citizens Bank of Savannah, established in 1887, and its crosstown rival, the Southern Bank of Georgia in 1906. Mills B. Lane had begun at Citizens Bank as a vice president and director in 1891. In 1901, Lane became president of Citizens Bank. In 1906, Lane and his associates purchased Southern Bank of Georgia enabling them to merge the two banks as the new C\u0026amp;S Bank. The newly merged banks were officially named the Citizens and Southern Bank of Georgia. In 1922 Citizens and Southern absorbed Central Bank and Trust Corp., the bank founded by Coca-Cola co-founder Asa Griggs Candler.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=3805.0,4404.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/annotation_set/1471/annotation/301","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Yom Kippur War was fought by the coalition of Arab states led by Egypt and Syria against Israel from October 6 to 25, 1973. The Arabs launched a surprise attack on Yom Kippur, the holiest day in Judaism. Egyptian and Syrian forces crossed ceasefire lines to enter the Sinai Peninsula and the Golan Heights, which had been captured by Israel in the 1967 Six­ Day War. The Israelis managed to halt the Egyptian offensive and then forced them back to the pre­war lines. After the cease fire the Israelis withdrew from the Sinai Peninsula. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=3805.0,4404.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/annotation_set/1471/annotation/302","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA mezuzah [Hebrew: doorpost] is a parchment scroll often contained in a decorative case that is fixed on the right side of doorpost of a home. The parchment scroll made by a scribe contains the handwritten text of the first two paragraphs of the Shema.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=3805.0,4404.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/annotation_set/1471/annotation/303","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eShabbat (Hebrew) or Shabbos (Yiddish) is the Jewish Sabbath and is observed on Saturdays. Shabbat observance entails refraining from work activities and engaging in restful activities to honor the day. Shabbat begins at sundown on Friday night and is ushered in by lighting candles and reciting a blessing. It is closed the following evening with the recitation of the havdalah blessing.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=3805.0,4404.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/annotation_set/1471/annotation/304","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eKashrut is a set of dietary laws dealing with the foods that Jews are permitted to eat and how those foods must be prepared according to Jewish law. Food that may be consumed is deemed kosher, from the Ashkenazi pronunciation of the Hebrew term kashér, meaning \"fit\" (in this context, \"fit for consumption\"). In colloquial English, kosher often means \"legitimate,\" \"acceptable,\" \"permissible,\" \"genuine,\" or \"authentic.\"\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=3805.0,4404.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/annotation_set/1471/annotation/305","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOrthodox Judaism is a traditional branch of Judaism that strictly follows the written Torah and the oral law concerning prayer, dress, food, sex, family relations, social behavior, the Sabbath day, holidays, and more.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=3805.0,4404.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/annotation_set/1471/annotation/306","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLeon H. Spotts (1933-2019) was an educator and ordained rabbi. He was Executive Director of the Atlanta Bureau of Jewish Education for 20 years and taught Hebrew Language and Literature at Georgia State University. Subsequently, he was Director of Education for Beth Shalom Synagogue in Columbia, SC. He graduated from the University of Pennsylvania with a degree in Mathematics and had a doctoral degree in Jewish Education from Dropsie College in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He was the author of The Voice of Wisdom.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=3805.0,4404.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/annotation_set/1471/annotation/307","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRabbi Richard J. Lehrman (1938-1979) was born in Pennsylvania and came to Atlanta, Georgia in 1965. In 1968, he was chosen as the newly formed Temple Sinai congregation's founding rabbi. Rabbi Lehrman continued to serve the congregation as its rabbi until his death in November 1979. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=3805.0,4404.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/annotation_set/1471/annotation/308","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTemple Sinai was founded as a Reform congregation in 1968 and met in a variety of locations before establishing a synagogue on Dupree Drive in Sandy Springs, north of Atlanta. Rabbi Richard Lehrman was chosen as the congregation's founding rabbi. As of 2022, the current Senior Rabbi is Ronald M. Segal, who has served in that position since 2006.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=3805.0,4404.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/annotation_set/1471/annotation/309","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTorah [Hebrew: teaching] is a general term that covers all Jewish law including the vast mass of teachings recorded in the Talmud and other rabbinical works. “Sefer Torah” refers to the sacred scroll on which the first five books of the Bible (the Pentateuch) are written, but it is often shortened simply to \"Torah\" in casual speech and writing.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=4404.0,4419.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/annotation_set/1471/annotation/310","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Vietnam War occurred in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia from November 1, 1955 to the fall of Saigon on April 30, 1975. This war fought between North Vietnam—supported by the Soviet Union, China and other communist allies—and the government of South Vietnam—supported by the United States and other anti-communist allies.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=4419.0,4531.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/annotation_set/1471/annotation/311","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMinhag is an accepted tradition or group of traditions in Judaism.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=4419.0,4531.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/annotation_set/1471/annotation/312","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRiverdale is located in Clayton County Georgia. It is a suburb of Atlanta and is located south of Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=4675.0,4756.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/annotation_set/1471/annotation/313","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTemple Kol Emeth is a Reform congregation in Marietta, Georgia that was established in 1982. The congregation’s first full time rabbi, Rabbi Stephen Lebow, served from 1986 until 2020. As of 2022, the Senior Rabbi of Temple Kol Emeth is Larry Sernovitz. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=4675.0,4756.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/annotation_set/1471/annotation/314","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTemple Emanu-El is a Reform Jewish congregation established in 1978. It is located in Sandy Springs, Georgia. Rabbi Donald Tam was its founding rabbi, and as of 2022, its Senior Rabbi is Spike Anderson.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=4675.0,4756.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/annotation_set/1471/annotation/315","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGary Metzel (1930-1989) was born in Austria and grew up in Atlanta, Georgia. He was manager of Max’s Mens Shops, a series of stores in Atlanta owned by his father Max Metzel (1904-1985). He was one of the founding members of Temple Sinai in Sandy Springs, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=4764.0,4803.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/annotation_set/1471/annotation/316","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eArthur Heyman II (1926-2019) was an Atlanta native, and the son of Herman and Josephine Joel Heyman. He graduated from Druid Hills High School and the University of Georgia. He was a Navy veteran and served in World War II. Heyman worked in retail and later a real estate developer. He was a founding member of Temple Sinai, where he served as president. He also was on the national board of Union for Reform Judaism and a delegate to the World Zionist Congress various times. He was married to Elsye Weil Heyman and they had two daughters.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=4764.0,4803.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/annotation_set/1471/annotation/317","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Central Conference of American Rabbis, founded in 1889, is the oldest and largest rabbinic organization in North America. It works to enhance and foster unity and excellence among Reform rabbis and the application of Jewish values to contemporary life.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=4764.0,4803.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/annotation_set/1471/annotation/318","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Union for Reform Judaism (URJ), formerly known as the Union of American Hebrew Congregations (UAHC), is an organization which supports Reform Jewish congregations in North American. In 1875 they created the Hebrew Union College (HUC) in Cincinnati, Ohio to train rabbis and, later, cantors, and other Jewish professionals.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=4764.0,4803.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/annotation_set/1471/annotation/319","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Biennial is an annual event and dialogue workshop held by the Union of Reform Judaism in Washington, D.C. It provides Jewish leaders from across the country with tools to build a culture of productive dialogue on charged political issues. Participants exchange views and experiences, practice communication skills for addressing disagreement, and learn best practices and success stories from other communities. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=4764.0,4803.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/annotation_set/1471/annotation/320","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLarry Ivan Bogart (b. 1932) is an Atlanta attorney. He was a graduate of University of Georgia and Duke University School of Law. He served as president of Temple Sinai in Sandy Springs, Georgia and Yeshiva High School of Atlanta (now Atlanta Jewish Academy).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=4819.0,4913.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/annotation_set/1471/annotation/321","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRabbi Alexander Moshe Schindler (1925-2000) was born in Munich, Germany and immigrated to the Unites States as a child. He served in the United States Army during World War II. He was a graduate of City College of New York and Hebrew Union College's Jewish Institute of Religion in Cincinnati, Ohio where he was ordained as a rabbi. He was president of the Union for Reform Judaism (URJ), previously known as Union of American Hebrew Congregations (UAHC) for 23 years.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=4819.0,4913.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/annotation_set/1471/annotation/322","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTikkum Olam is a concept in Judaism that refers to actions that can be taken by children and adults that improve the world. It is often synonymous with the idea of social action and pursuit of social justice.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=4931.0,5100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/annotation_set/1471/annotation/323","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAtlanta Interfaith Broadcasters, known as AIB-TV, was launched in 1969. It was started by Presbyterian minister John Allen, and fellow clergy Walter Cook, and Samuel Williams. Rev. Allen served as the president for AIB from 1969 through his death in 1999. The network works to be a racial and religious bridge-building in the Atlanta community. AIB now reaches more than 2 million homes in Georgia and built a new studio in 1999.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=4931.0,5100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/annotation_set/1471/annotation/324","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRev. John H. Allen (1932-1999) was a native of Hartford, Connecticut. He attended Virginia Polytechnic Institute, and in 1962 moved to Atlanta to attend Columbia Theological Seminary. He was ordained as a Presbyterian minister in 1965. In 1969, he was a founder and president of Atlanta Interfaith Broadcasters (AIB). He was president of AIB for 30 years. Allen was involved in the Georgia Commission on the Holocaust from 1992-1998, a member of the Interfaith Advisory Group for the Centennial Olympic Games, the Interfaith Coalition of Metropolitan Atlanta, and other organizations in the community.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=4931.0,5100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/annotation_set/1471/annotation/325","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDelta Airlines is one of the major US airlines. It was founded in 1929 and is one of the world’s oldest airlines still operating. The company headquarters is in Atlanta.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=4931.0,5100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/annotation_set/1471/annotation/326","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eInterfaith Disabilities Network (IDN) was started in 2000, but it’s foundation roots date back to 1985. In 1985, the Commission on Disability Concerns of the Chirstian Council of Metropolitan Atlanta began working to help local congregations become accessible to people with disabilities. Today the group works to help educate and engage faith communities to build relationships with people with disabilities. IDN works to help congregations to become fully accessible and inclusive of people with disabilities.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=5103.0,5162.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/annotation_set/1471/annotation/327","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFrank Lloyd Wright (1867-1959) was an American architect, interior designer, writer and educator, who designed more than 1,000 structures. Wright believed in designing structures that were in harmony with humanity and its environment, a philosophy he called ‘organic architecture.’ This was exemplified by his design for Fallingwater in Mill Run, Pennsylvania (1935) that was designed to be part of the environment and has a stream and waterfall running under cantilevered balconies and terraces, all done in limestone.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=5170.0,5307.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/annotation_set/1471/annotation/328","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eParis, France is the capital city and largest city in France. The city dates back to approximately 259 BC. In June 1940, the German army marched into Paris and took control of the city. The city was liberated by the French and American forces in August 1944.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=5170.0,5307.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/annotation_set/1471/annotation/329","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eÉcole of Beaux-Arts is the school of fine arts. It was founded in Paris in 1671 by Jean-Baptiste Colbert. The curriculum was divided into the Academy of Painting and Sculpture and the Academy of Architecture. The Paris school is the founding location of the Beaux Arts architectural movement in the early twentieth century. The architecture department was separated from the École after the May 1968 student strikes at the Sorbonne.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=5170.0,5307.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/annotation_set/1471/annotation/330","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCharlotte, North Carolina is the most populous city in North Carolina. It the county seat of Mecklenburg County. It is home to many large banking headquarters, making it the second-largest banking center in the United States. The city was settled in 1755 and incorporated in 1768. It is named for Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, a German princess who became queen consort of Great Britain and Ireland in 1761.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=5170.0,5307.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/annotation_set/1471/annotation/331","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGastonia is a city in and the county seat of Gaston County, North Carolina. It is the second-largest satellite city in the Charlotte area, behind Concord. It is part of the Charlotte-Concord-Gastonia, North Carolina-South Carolina Metropolitan Statistical Area. The city is a historic center for textile manufacturing and was the site of the Loray Mill Strike of 1929, which became a key event in the labor movement. Manufacturing remains important to the economy, as well as healthcare, education, and government sectors. Gastonia is named for William Gaston, a jurist and United States Representative from North Carolina.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=5170.0,5307.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/annotation_set/1471/annotation/332","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eNorth Carolina State University is a public land-grant research university in Raleigh, North Carolina. The university was founded in 1887. It is part of the University of North Carolina system.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=5170.0,5307.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/annotation_set/1471/annotation/333","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDeKalb County School District is located in Dekalb County, Georgia. The district was founded in 1873 and includes 138 schools and more than 102,000 students. The university forms one of the corners of the Research Triangle together with Duke University in Durham and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=5170.0,5307.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/annotation_set/1471/annotation/334","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTorah Day School of Atlanta (TDSA) is an Orthodox Jewish day school. It was founded in 1985 and serves students in kindergarten through grade eight. Over the years the Orthodox school has grown and moved several times. In 2003, it moved to LaVista Road with a state-of-the-art, full-service school on 11 acres. Its mission is to inspire students to observe the Torah, strive for personal excellence, and to pursue life-long learning.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=5308.0,5329.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/annotation_set/1471/annotation/335","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Alfred and Adele Davis Academy is a private Reform Jewish day school in Sandy Springs, Georgia for students from pre-kindergarten through eighth grade. The Davis Academy is recognized as the largest Reform Jewish Day School in the country. The school focuses on academics and students have access to a team that includes teachers, counselors, psychologists, coaches, the Rabbi, a school nurse, alumni mentors, visiting artists, and administrators.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=5308.0,5329.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/annotation_set/1471/annotation/336","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAtlanta, Georgia hosted the 1996 Summer Olympics, the games were held from July 19 to August 14, 1996, opened by President Bill Clinton, with Muhammad Ali carrying the Olympic torch. A record 197 nations and 10,318 athletes took part in the games, including 11 debut countries, formerly Soviet republics. The games debuted three new sports, in addition to women’s swimming and fencing. Atlanta was chosen to host the games in 1990 in Tokyo, Japan over five other countries, including the home country of the Olympics, Greece. On July 27, a domestic terrorist planted a pipe bomb that was discovered by security guard, Richard Jewell. Jewell is credited with saving many lives as he notified law enforcement and helped evacuate as many people as possible. The bomb injured 111 people and killed two. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=5330.0,5439.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/annotation_set/1471/annotation/337","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFort McPherson was a U.S. Army military base located in East Point, Georgia, on the southwest edge of Atlanta, Georgia. During World War II, Fort McPherson served as a general depot, where thousands of men were processed for entry in the army. Fort McPherson was closed down in 2011. The property is now owned by actor/producer Tyler Perry, who redeveloped the site into Tyler Perry Studios.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=5468.0,5668.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/annotation_set/1471/annotation/338","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Georgia Genealogical Society is a non-profit organization that provides resources and assistance to individuals completing genealogical research. It works to preserve historical records and give access to the records. It provides training on genealogical topics and produces a quarterly newsletter for its members.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=5468.0,5668.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/annotation_set/1471/annotation/339","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Yiddish term for town, “shtetl” commonly refers to small towns or villages in pre–World War II Eastern and Central Europe with a significant Jewish presence that were primarily Yiddish speaking.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=5468.0,5668.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/annotation_set/1471/annotation/340","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOlympic pin collecting dates back to the 1896 Olympic Games in Athens, Greece. Initially, the pins were cardboard and were used to identify athletes and media. Overtime the pins were upgraded to stronger enamel material and have become a popular collection items. Collector clubs have been created around the world. Collecting and trading pins has become a popular activity of athletes, media, and others at the Olympic games.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=5691.0,5739.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/annotation_set/1471/annotation/341","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe National Olympic Committees (NOC) work to develop, promote, and protect the Olympic movement in their respective countries. There are 206 NOCs, and the International Olympic Committee is the only organization that can recognize a NOC.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=5739.0,6138.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/annotation_set/1471/annotation/342","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Georgia World Congress Center (GWCC) is a convention center in Atlanta, Georgia. Enclosing some 3.9 million square-feet in exhibition space and hosting more than a million visitors each year, the GWCC is the third-largest convention center in the United States. Opened in 1976, the GWCC was the first state-owned convention center established in the United States. The center is operated on behalf of the state by the Georgia World Congress Center Authority, which was chartered in 1971 by Georgia General Assembly to develop an international trade and exhibition center in Atlanta.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=5739.0,6138.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/annotation_set/1471/annotation/343","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe 1992 Summer Olympics was held in Barcelona, Spain from July 25 through August 9, 1992. The 1992 Summer and Winter Olympics were the last games to be staged in the same year. The games in Barcelona were the first to be held after the end of the Cold War, and the first not impacted by boycotts since the 1972 Summer Games. It was also the first games that South Africa was invited to participate in after a 32-year ban from participating in international sports due to apartheid. A 169 participated and 9,386 athletes took part.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=5739.0,6138.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/annotation_set/1471/annotation/344","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA kiddush cup is a traditional Jewish item used to hold wine or grape juice during the Kiddush, a blessing recited over the Shabbat and other Jewish holidays. It is often made of silver or other ornamental material, and they can be decorated in various designs.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=5739.0,6138.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/annotation_set/1471/annotation/345","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA hanukiah (or chanukiah) is the proper term for a candelabra with nine branches that is lit during Hanukkah. Since Hanukkah lasts for eight days it permits the lighting of eight candles, one for each day, by the ninth candle. Generally, the candelabra used at Hanukkah is almost always called a menorah. However, the menorah, which has only seven branches, is an ancient symbol of the Jews and which has become connected with Hanukkah. According to the Talmud, after the desecration of the Jewish Temple in Jerusalem, there was only enough pure oil left to fuel the eternal flame in the Temple for one day. Miraculously, the oil burned for eight days which was enough to make new pure oil. The Talmud states that it is prohibited to use a seven-branched menorah outside of the Temple so the Hanukkah menorah (hanukiah) has nine branches.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=5739.0,6138.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/annotation_set/1471/annotation/346","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePhillip Ratner (1937-2023) was an American sculpture artist. He earned his bachelor of fine arts degree in advertising design from the Pratt Institute and his master’s degree in art from American University in Washington. He taught for two decades before focusing on his art fulltime. Some of his most well-known works are a set of statues that stand on Ellis Island and near the Statute of Liberty.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=5739.0,6138.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/annotation_set/1471/annotation/347","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDavid Aronson (1923-2015) was born in Shilova, Lithuania, where his father was a rabbi. He was an artist and professor of art at Boston University. He was responsible for the forming the Fine Art Department at Boston University and his work is associated with the school of Boston Expressionism.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=5739.0,6138.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/annotation_set/1471/annotation/348","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eShlomo Katz (1937-1992) was from a Jewish family in Lodz, Poland. He immigrated to Palestine in 1945, at eight years old. He trained at École des Beaux-Arts in Paris. Katz became a well-known postwar and contemporary artist who was widely exhibited in the U.S. and Canada.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=5739.0,6138.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/annotation_set/1471/annotation/349","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEgon Schiele (1890-1918) was an Expressionist painter from Austrian. His work was noted for its intensity and for many self-portraits. Gustav Klimt, a figurative painter of the early 20th century was a mentor to Schiele.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=5739.0,6138.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/annotation_set/1471/annotation/350","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTashlikh is a customary Jewish atonement ritual that is performed during the first day of Rosh HaShanah. During the ritual sins are symbolically cast away into a natural body of water.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=6315.0,6884.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/annotation_set/1471/annotation/351","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHebrew school can be either the Jewish equivalent of Sunday school (an educational regimen separate from secular education, focusing on topics of Jewish history and learning the Hebrew language), or a primary, secondary, or college level educational institution where some or all of the classes are taught in Hebrew.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=6315.0,6884.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/annotation_set/1471/annotation/352","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eNorth American Federation for Temple Youth, now known as the NFTY: The Reform Jewish Youth Movement, is the organized movement of Reform Judaism in North America. It was founded in 1939 as a program of the National Federation of Temple Youth and was meant to encourage college students to get involved in synagogue life. In 1953, NFTY began a summer camp at their facility in Oconomowoc, Wisconsin. Today NFTY is funded and supported by the Union for Reform Judaism. It exists to supplement and support Reform youth groups at the synagogue level. About 750 local youth groups are affiliated, with over 8,500 youth members (2021).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=6315.0,6884.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175/annotation_set/1471/annotation/353","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA chuppah [Hebrew: canopy] is the canopy under which a Jewish wedding takes place.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/135141/file/250175#t=6315.0,6884.0"}]}]}]}