{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/df6k06xg3t/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Reagan, Janet Goldstein"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["2009-01-28 (creation)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Language"]},"value":{"en":["English (primary)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["Video"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eJanet Reagan interviewed by Sandra Berman on January 28, 2009 in Birmingham, Alabama.\u003c/p\u003e (general)","\u003cp\u003eJanet’s grandfather came from Lithuania to New York in the 1880s and became a peddler. After he and Janet’s grandmother had one or two children, they moved south because of better economic opportunities. After living in Knoxville, Tennessee, they moved to Birmingham, Alabama, again due to better economic opportunities. Her grandfather’s three brothers later followed and settled in Birmingham. His sister stayed in the New York area.  The brothers started a range of businesses, including a pawn shop that grew into a sporting goods store, a jewelry store, a clothing store, and a pharmacy. \u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eJanet’s father, Saul Goldstein, was born in Birmingham in 1906. He was the youngest of five children, that included a brother as the oldest and three sisters. Her mother was from Michigan. Saul was an English major at Columbia University in New York and ultimately became a Certified Public Accountant. Her mother was an active volunteer in Hadassah and worked professionally as a copywriter for several companies. Janet also was an English major, and later in life she returned to school to complete her bachelor’s degree and earn a master’s degree in accounting.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThroughout Janet’s youth, she was active in Jewish life, through Hebrew school and Sunday school, the synagogue and community youth groups, and activities at the Jewish Community Center. In addition to their religious life, they were a strong Zionist family. \u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAlthough segregation was accepted, Janet’s family members set examples of how to treat black people fairly and kindly on a personal level. They considered their black domestic help to be part of their family. \u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eJanet’s fondest memories of growing up in Birminham are two-fold. In their home, her fondest memories are of the family dinner table, because they laughed all the time. Outside the home, her fondest memories are from the synagogue, Temple Beth-Or. \u003c/p\u003e (bioghist)","\u003cp\u003eJanet describes how her paternal grandparents ended up in Birmingham, Alabama, followed by her grandfather’s three brothers.  She recalls the various businesses that they started, including a pawn shop that grew into a sporting goods stores, a jewelry store, a clothing store, and a pharmacy. \u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eJanet recounts her parents’ professions.  Her father earned a master’s degree in English but ultimately became a Certified Public Accountant.  Her mother was a copywriter and was also very active as a volunteer with Jewish organizations, including Hadassah and B’nai B’rith. \u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eJanet speaks about some of her experiences during the Civil Rights Movement.  While segregation had been commonly accepted as the way it was, her parents and other family members participated in the movement by setting examples of to how to treat and respect blacks both publicly and privately.  Janet recalls that they had black domestic help, which they considered to be part of the family.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eJanet described how important her synagogue and Jewish life was growing up.  She had a strong Jewish background, and her activities revolved around Hebrew school and Sunday school, Shabbat services, Jewish youth groups, and social activities at the synagogue and Jewish Community Center. \u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAlthough Janet lived away from Birmingham for a short time when she was in college and for a few years that, she was happy to return to the Birmingham.  She fondly recalls what it was like to live in a community where she not only had family but where she could frequently run into people she knew, including people she grew up with.  She reflects on her family life growing up and the important role that the synagogue played in her formative years.\u003c/p\u003e (scope content)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source Metadata URI"]},"value":{"en":["https://archivesspace.thebreman.org/repositories/2/archival_objects/28403"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject"]},"value":{"en":["Janet Reagan (personal name)","Birmingham, Alabama (geographic term)","Detroit, Michigan (geographic term)","Saul Goldstein (personal name)","Zionist (topical term)","Jewish Community Center (corporate name)","Temple Beth (corporate name)","B’nai B’rith (corporate name)","The Civil Rights Movement (named event)","Temple Emanu-El (corporate name)","Kappa Nu Fraternity (corporate name)","Pizitz (personal name)","Jim Crow (named event)","United Synagogue Youth (USY) (corporate name)","B’nai B’rith Youth Organization (corporate name)"]}}],"summary":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eJanet Reagan interviewed by Sandra Berman on January 28, 2009 in Birmingham, Alabama.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJanet’s grandfather came from Lithuania to New York in the 1880s and became a peddler. After he and Janet’s grandmother had one or two children, they moved south because of better economic opportunities. After living in Knoxville, Tennessee, they moved to Birmingham, Alabama, again due to better economic opportunities. Her grandfather’s three brothers later followed and settled in Birmingham. His sister stayed in the New York area.  The brothers started a range of businesses, including a pawn shop that grew into a sporting goods store, a jewelry store, a clothing store, and a pharmacy. \u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eJanet’s father, Saul Goldstein, was born in Birmingham in 1906. He was the youngest of five children, that included a brother as the oldest and three sisters. Her mother was from Michigan. Saul was an English major at Columbia University in New York and ultimately became a Certified Public Accountant. Her mother was an active volunteer in Hadassah and worked professionally as a copywriter for several companies. Janet also was an English major, and later in life she returned to school to complete her bachelor’s degree and earn a master’s degree in accounting.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThroughout Janet’s youth, she was active in Jewish life, through Hebrew school and Sunday school, the synagogue and community youth groups, and activities at the Jewish Community Center. In addition to their religious life, they were a strong Zionist family. \u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAlthough segregation was accepted, Janet’s family members set examples of how to treat black people fairly and kindly on a personal level. They considered their black domestic help to be part of their family. \u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eJanet’s fondest memories of growing up in Birminham are two-fold. In their home, her fondest memories are of the family dinner table, because they laughed all the time. Outside the home, her fondest memories are from the synagogue, Temple Beth-Or. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJanet describes how her paternal grandparents ended up in Birmingham, Alabama, followed by her grandfather’s three brothers.  She recalls the various businesses that they started, including a pawn shop that grew into a sporting goods stores, a jewelry store, a clothing store, and a pharmacy. \u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eJanet recounts her parents’ professions.  Her father earned a master’s degree in English but ultimately became a Certified Public Accountant.  Her mother was a copywriter and was also very active as a volunteer with Jewish organizations, including Hadassah and B’nai B’rith. \u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eJanet speaks about some of her experiences during the Civil Rights Movement.  While segregation had been commonly accepted as the way it was, her parents and other family members participated in the movement by setting examples of to how to treat and respect blacks both publicly and privately.  Janet recalls that they had black domestic help, which they considered to be part of the family.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eJanet described how important her synagogue and Jewish life was growing up.  She had a strong Jewish background, and her activities revolved around Hebrew school and Sunday school, Shabbat services, Jewish youth groups, and social activities at the synagogue and Jewish Community Center. \u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAlthough Janet lived away from Birmingham for a short time when she was in college and for a few years that, she was happy to return to the Birmingham.  She fondly recalls what it was like to live in a community where she not only had family but where she could frequently run into people she knew, including people she grew up with.  She reflects on her family life growing up and the important role that the synagogue played in her formative years.\u003c/p\u003e"]},"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/111/021/small/Janet_Reagan.png?1619302288","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - Reagan_Janet.mp4"]},"duration":3314.196,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/111/021/small/Janet_Reagan.png?1619302288","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-thebreman.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/111/021/original/Reagan_Janet.mp4?1617042616","type":"Video","format":"video/mp4","duration":3314.196,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021/transcript/24823","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Janet Reagan [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021/transcript/24823/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Today is January 28, 2009, and I am with Janet Reagan who has agreed\nto be interviewed for the Esther and Herbert Taylor Oral History Project of the\nWilliam Breman Jewish Heritage Museum. My name is Sandra Berman. I am the\narchivist for the museum. I am thrilled and very pleased that you have agreed to\nparticipate in this project. I would like to begin by asking you when you were\nborn and how your family came to Birmingham [Alabama].\n\nREAGAN: I was born in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021/transcript/24823/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"1947, and my grandfather came from Lithuania to New York\n[City] in about 1880. He became a peddler. There was too much business in New\nYork, because nine out of ten of the men who got off the boats from Eastern\nEurope were peddlers. After he married my grandmother and they had one or two\nchildren, they heard that there was great business in Knoxville [Tennessee],\nbecause there was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021/transcript/24823/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a steel business, so there would be good business. He moved\nhis family down [to Knoxville], and along the way I think they had another\nchild. When they got to Knoxville, the peddling business, the trade, had been\ntaken over pretty much by Scots. He heard about a steel mill in Birmingham, and\nhe thought that would be a great opportunity. He moved to Birmingham, and my\nfather, who was the last one born, was born in Birmingham. Some were born in\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021#t=60.0,90.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021/transcript/24823/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Knoxville. On the way down, they ended up with their five children. [My\ngrandfather] sent for all of his brothers and his sister. His three brothers\nsettled here in Birmingham. His sister met someone and stayed in New York. [She]\nmoved to White Plains [New York]. We had four of the five siblings here in Birmingham.\n\nBERMAN: Your grandparents' names?\n\nREAGAN: Morris ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021#t=90.0,120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021/transcript/24823/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and Mary Goldstein.\n\nBERMAN: The maiden name of your grandmother?\n\nREAGAN: Maisel. It's my father's middle name. M-A-I-S-E-L.\n\nBERMAN: Do you know the year they emigrated to New York?\n\nREAGAN: 1889 or 1888. It was in the 1880's.\n\nBERMAN: Do you know when they arrived in Birmingham?\n\nREAGAN: It was somewhere between 1904 and the end of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021#t=120.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021/transcript/24823/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"1905. My father was born\nhere in April of 1906.\n\nBERMAN: Your father's name?\n\nREAGAN: Saul. S-A-U-L. There were two Goldsteins. There was a Sol Goldstein,\nS-O-L, and [my father] was always Saul [pronounces it as if spelled Sawl, to\ndistinguish it from Sol], Saul Maisel Goldstein. My mother was Betty Jane\nDeYoung Goldstein. She was from Detroit [Michigan] of Dutch heritage and was\nborn into a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021#t=150.0,180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021/transcript/24823/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Reform family. We always said that Daddy had her converted. She went\nfrom a Midwestern Reform Jew, and he converted her to a Southern Conservative Jew.\n\nBERMAN: Was it D-E-J-O-N-G?\n\nREAGAN: D-E-Y-O-U-N-G. In Holland, it is D-E-J-O-N-G. DeJong.\n\nBERMAN: There are some DeJongs in Atlanta. I just wonder if there is . . .\n\nREAGAN: DeJong is in Holland like Smith is in America [very common surnames].\nThere's Jewish. There's non-Jewish. I was able ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021#t=180.0,210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021/transcript/24823/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to trace my family back through\nJewish genealogy to 1792 I think, in Holland, which is great.\n\nBERMAN: Your grandfather comes here. He is peddling. I know there is more to the\nstory. What did he do after he was successful at peddling for a little while?\n\nREAGAN: He eventually opened up a pawn shop. There's a family history . . . I\nwish I had it with me . . . of all the pawn shops, which brothers went to which\nand which sons came ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021#t=210.0,240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021/transcript/24823/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in. I have the family history, which I will email [to] you.\nIt was an oral history we took from my father in 1985, when he was 79 years old.\nHe ended up with a store that his step-brother took over . . . I mean his\nstep-son . . . somewhere in the late 1930's, early 1940's, which became Robert's\nSporting ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021#t=240.0,270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021/transcript/24823/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Goods. It was one of the largest sporting goods stores in the . . .\nactually in Alabama. My grandfather's pawn shop evolved into that.\n\nBERMAN: Do you remember the name of the pawn shop?\n\nREAGAN: I've got it in those records. I will email it to you. One of his\nbrothers ended up with five sons, and they opened up Goldbro, which was a big\njewelry . . . and then ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021#t=270.0,300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021/transcript/24823/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they added appliances, etc. . . . store here, and it\nstood for Goldstein Brothers.\n\nBERMAN: Are any of those stores still around?\n\nREAGAN: There is one left.\n\nBERMAN: Goldbro?\n\nREAGAN: Goldbro.\n\nBERMAN: What about Robert's?\n\nREAGAN: Robert's Sporting Goods . . . Uncle Robert died probably somewhere in\nthe late 1960's, early 1970's. The store had been sold before then, and I don't\nthink it exists any longer at all, unfortunately. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021#t=300.0,330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021/transcript/24823/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"My grandfather's brother,\nSimon, opened up . . . It was called Goldstein \u0026 Cohen in Ensley [Alabama], with\nVernon Cohen, who also was a member of this synagogue [Temple Beth-El]. They\nlater moved to [Temple] Emanu-El, to the Reform synagogue. It was a clothing store.\n\nBERMAN: Were the stores all in the general same area?\n\nREAGAN: Birmingham real estate is not that big at that time. Over the mountain\nhad ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021#t=330.0,360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021/transcript/24823/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not been developed. My grandfather was in the downtown area, which is called\nSouthside or Jones Valley. Birmingham is on hills and valleys, and when you are\non the south side, you are on Shades Valley, and when you are on the north side\nyou are in Jones Valley. My grandfather's shop was downtown. My uncle Simon was\nout in Ensley, which probably back ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021#t=360.0,390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021/transcript/24823/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"then was a long drive, but Ensley to us is 10\nminutes from downtown. It's in the western end of town. There were several\nJewish merchants out there. My uncle, my father's oldest brother, opened a\ndrugstore out in Ensley. More merchants were out there. The Jewish people were\nnot living out there.\n\nBERMAN: Can you tell me the names of . . . When you mention your father's oldest\nbrother, could you just say the name?\n\nREAGAN: His brother was Phillip Benjamin ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021#t=390.0,420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021/transcript/24823/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Goldstein. He was a pharmacist, and he\nwas Ben. He was very famous for . . . Let me see if I can do it . . . For every\nchild that walked into the drugstore he would put his finger on their belly and\ngo [interviewee makes a squeaking noise with her mouth]. That's how he became\nknown. Somebody asks me who my uncle is, and I'll say, \"Ben.\" They would say,\n\"Oh, he's the one that went [interviewee makes the squeaking noise with her\nmouth again]. He eventually moved his drugstore into Crestline ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021#t=420.0,450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021/transcript/24823/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Village, which is\nover the mountain in Mountain Brook where we all grew up.\n\nBERMAN: Your dad, say his name again.\n\nREAGAN: My father, Saul, was the youngest. His brother Ben was the oldest. In\nbetween there were three sisters. One was named Lillie, but they called her\nLila, because there were two other Lillie Goldsteins in Birmingham. She was an\nopera . . . a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021#t=450.0,480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021/transcript/24823/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"trained singer, and she went to New York [City]. She met a\npharmacist and married, and [they] lived in Orange, New Jersey. She was Lila\nCropp. Her son also was a pharmacist. Ben was the pharmacist here, and his son\nMalvin was also a pharmacist.\n\nBERMAN: The other two sisters?\n\nREAGAN: The other two sisters . . . Gussie married into the\nWitt-Grueson-Weinstein clan that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021#t=480.0,510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021/transcript/24823/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is big through the Southeast. I don't know if\nyou are talking to Phyllis Weinstein. She is one of the matriarchs of our\nTemple. It was her uncle that my aunt married. We have always called each other\n. . . this Southern Jewish geography . . . we are all related. Daddy used to\ntell me that in every town there was a Jewish merchant. Usually only in the\nsmall towns there was one Jewish family, and they were the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021#t=510.0,540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021/transcript/24823/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"merchants. When the\nsalesmen would come through, they would take them in their homes. They did it\nhere. My grandfather used to go down to the Tutwiler Hotel and look for Jewish\nnames on Friday afternoon and take them home for Shabbos and to temple [service]\nthe next day. They had a cousin that had a 'this' [relative] in the other city.\n. . and this one . . . so there were a lot of families that are intermarried in\nthe South into other Southern families. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021#t=540.0,570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021/transcript/24823/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When we are going to Atlanta and\nsomebody says they have a cousin [there], it is very likely that cousin could be\nrelated to you. For instance, Steven Kornblum, who was president of our\nsynagogue . . . his, I think, first cousin is married to my second cousin, which\nwe were not aware of. His father's aunt became my step-grandmother. It's kind of\nmixed up like ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021#t=570.0,600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021/transcript/24823/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that. The third sister was Pauline, and she died in the 1940's.\nShe married Lou Rosenberg from Anniston [Alabama]. He is related to the Held\nfamily here and that group of people, which on the other side is related to the\nFillers. It's kind of a mixed thing. She died before I was born. In ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021#t=600.0,630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021/transcript/24823/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"fact, my\nbrother was named Michael Paul, after Aunt Pauline. It's interesting. Of the\nfour brothers, my grandfather Morris, the next one would have been Simon,\nJulius, and Uncle Sam. I may have . . . they ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021#t=630.0,660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021/transcript/24823/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"all, after they married, settled in\nBirmingham and were close friends. Everybody ended up with a child [with a]\nfirst name [that started with the letter] M after my grandfather Morris in our\nclan. On the other hand, in Uncle Sam's family his wife was Jenny, and they\nended up with J's as the first name on the first child for the grandchildren. My\nfather was in charge of the names in our little ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021#t=660.0,690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021/transcript/24823/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"strand, so I have . . . my\nbrother was the last one to be born, and my father saved Michael for him. I have\nMary Ethel, Myron, Malcom, and Malvin. We were very lucky that Daddy got to\nchoose the names. We had a family reunion in 1985, before my father passed in\n1989, and we ended up with . . . we had located . . . We know [where family\nmembers are]. It's not like you have to search for our ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021#t=690.0,720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021/transcript/24823/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"family. We all know where\nwe are. There were 153 living descendants of my grandfather, and we had 105 at\nthe reunion, which was amazing.\n\nBERMAN: Getting back to your parents, what did your father do?\n\nREAGAN: My father started off . . . He got his master's degree at Columbia\n[University] in New York, and it was in English. He really did not have much of\na . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021#t=720.0,750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021/transcript/24823/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He was a Talmud student but never was a rabbi. He used to . . . The Witt\nfamily that I was talking about had a store in Evansville [Alabama], and Daddy\nwent to manage that. That's where he brought my mother when he met her, and that\nwas not for them. The weather in Evansville was not for them, with the allergies\nand the cold and everything else. He said to my mother, \"Where would you like to\nlive? Anywhere.\" She chose his hometown of Birmingham, so he came back to\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021#t=750.0,780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021/transcript/24823/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Birmingham, and he was a paid traveling secretary for Kappa Nu. He had gone to\n[the University of] Alabama [Tuscaloosa] and was a [member of] Kappa Nu. This\nwas his job. As family started to appear, and my father knew he had to make a\nliving . . .\n\nREAGAN: We were talking about my dad. After he got to Birmingham, and the second\nchild . . . me . . . I was on the way . . . he ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021#t=780.0,810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021/transcript/24823/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"decided he need to make a living.\nHaving been an English major, of course he went into accounting. [It] makes\nlogical sense. He had an accounting firm for years, and when he\nwas way up into his fifties he went down to the University of Alabama. He roomed\nwith his brother Sam's grandson, Jerry, and took a little refresher course. He\npassed the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021#t=810.0,840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021/transcript/24823/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CPA [Certified Public Accountant] exam on the first go-round, so he\ngot his CPA [certification], which is kind of what I did. I had majored in\nEnglish, and I was in retailing. Then when I was about 48 . . . I never finished\ncollege . . . I went back and finished my undergraduate degree. I decided I\nwanted an MBA [Master of Business Administration degree] and got accepted to the\nprogram, but I had not taken any undergraduate business courses. I started\ntaking all the undergraduate business courses, and at age 51 I ended ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021#t=840.0,870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021/transcript/24823/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"up with a\nmaster's [degree] in accounting. I kind of followed Daddy's track, except I am\nnot the Talmud student he was. At that point, he became an accountant. Once we\nwere in school . . . we lived on the Southside where everybody lived, in Forest\nPark, and the house is still standing and beautiful. It's a revitalized\nneighborhood now. A lot of young Jewish couples are moving there. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021#t=870.0,900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021/transcript/24823/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When we moved\nover the mountain and we got into school, my mother started doing a lot of\n[volunteer] work for Hadassah. She was president of [the Birmingham chapter\nof??] Hadassah and she wrote scripts for them, and she wrote the bulletin for\nthem. She had the talent of writing. Eventually, when we got to junior high\n[school], Mother went to work as the editor of a local newspaper here, the\nShades Valley Sun. Once they sold that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021#t=900.0,930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021/transcript/24823/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"newspaper, she moved into copywriting at\nPizitz. I don't know if you have heard the Pizitz story here. Louie Pizitz was\npeddling with my grandfather Morris, so they knew each other during those days.\nOf course, he started Pizitz, and we had a pawn shop. My mother went into\ncopywriting, and she worked at Pizitz for many years. Then she worked at\nParisian, where I was working, for the last part of her ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021#t=930.0,960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021/transcript/24823/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"career. When she retired\nand my father became ill, we shoved her out the door three days a week so she\ncould get out. She worked for the Advertising Club, ran their office for them.\nShe was the writer. She wrote for everybody. We could always expect at any\nfamily thing that everybody would have a poem or a story or a scrapbook with\ncartoons cut out that follows the history of your life. They ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021#t=960.0,990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021/transcript/24823/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"both were very\ntalented in writing. I think out of all the four brothers, basically my father's\nfamily were the intellects, which may have come from my grandmother's side, and\nthe others were more merchants and businessmen. That's why we never had the\nmoney and they did. It didn't matter. It really didn't.\n\nBERMAN: Oh, well. If we can ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021#t=990.0,1020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021/transcript/24823/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"go back in time a little bit . . . Your grandparents\nthat came to Birmingham, did they . . . Well, the synagogue wasn't founded yet.\nWere they among the founding families of [Temple] Beth-El?\n\nREAGAN: They were at Knesseth Israel [Congregation]. In fact, my father grew up\nat Knesseth Israel but had Sunday school at the Reform Temple, [Temple]\nEmanu-El, because they didn't have Sunday school at the Orthodox [synagogue]. I\nam not sure exactly when my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021#t=1020.0,1050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021/transcript/24823/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"grandfather joined [Temple] Beth-El. I know that in\n. . . I have a loving cup given to him on Shavuot 1919 from Knesseth Israel,\nwhich is the Orthodox. I have donated it to Knesseth Israel. I know that when\nthey had the building committee started here my grandfather was a major part in\nit. On the wall in the hallway we have in a shadow box the key that was\npresented by my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021#t=1050.0,1080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021/transcript/24823/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"grandfather and his brother to the president at the time, in\n1927, when we went into this building. Somewhere in that time he became very\ninvolved in this. Being from Lithuania and being more of a . . . which is where\nthe Zionist movement came out of . . . we had the first ZOA [Zionist\nOrganization of America] meeting in the state of Alabama at my grandfather's\nhouse . . . where the more secular education motivation came ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021#t=1080.0,1110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021/transcript/24823/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from, moving him\nfrom Orthodoxy to Conservative was a very logical move. When he moved over here,\nhe became immediately involved. He was a secretary [of the board of directors],\nand there is another document on the wall making him honorary secretary or\ngiving him a declaration of his term as secretary. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021#t=1110.0,1140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021/transcript/24823/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Later, my father was\nsecretary of the board. I broke the cycle.\n\nBERMAN: Did they talk in your family at all . . . Do you have any recollections,\neven when he did his oral history for you, of what a young man . . . and your\ngrandmother also . . . what they experienced when they came here from Lithuania\nand ended up in the South with the racial divide? Did they ever discuss what\ntheir reaction ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021#t=1140.0,1170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021/transcript/24823/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was to Jim Crow and all of that?\n\nREAGAN: No. Our family was very open. We always treated . . . as most Jewish\nfamilies . . . we always treated everybody equal. They never really talked about\nthe feelings. Daddy didn't. He helped me through what I was going through in the\n1950's, at grammar school, when the other kids would say, \"You killed our Lord,\nJesus Christ.\" Daddy helped me through that. I never ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021#t=1170.0,1200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021/transcript/24823/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"felt a real stigma of\nantisemitism. On the other hand, I went to work [when I was] about 12 years old\nfor a Jewish merchant who had black people working for him. I became very\nfriendly with one, who later became president of a bank. I wanted to invite him\nover to the house for dinner, and Mother and Daddy said, \"We would love to,\nexcept we would have a cross burned on our yard. You just have to accept the\nfact that that's the way things are here.\" They were not ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021#t=1200.0,1230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021/transcript/24823/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"happy about it, but my\nmother also came from Detroit. When the riots were in Detroit, they were a lot\nworse than what was going on here. There used to some kind of saying about in\nthe South we don't care how big the black community becomes. We care about how\nclose. In the North they didn't care about how close they got but how big and\nimportant they got. We saw it, growing ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021#t=1230.0,1260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021/transcript/24823/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"up, from a Northern and Southern . . . a\ntotal American experience, rather than thinking just because we lived in the\nSouth we had this problem.\n\nBERMAN: You said that your father helped you through some of the emotional ups\nand downs of being Jewish in a very Christian world. Did it happen frequently?\nWas it a problem? Were you able to join the clubs that everybody else was joining?\n\nREAGAN: No, not really. We were very close friends in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021#t=1260.0,1290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021/transcript/24823/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"school. Outside of school,\nwe had our . . . whether it was Young Judaea or Kadima and USY [United Synagogue\nYouth], whatever it was . . . we had our activities and they had their church\ngroups. Later on, they went into their sororities, and those who felt like they\nneeded to belong to something we had, in my day . . . of course, I am a baby\nboomer . . . we had two AZA chapters and two BBG chapters. We had our own little\nfraternity/sorority type group. Not socializing out of school was not . . . It\njust never ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021#t=1290.0,1320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021/transcript/24823/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"felt like a burden. It never felt like it was strange. It was just\nthis is what they believed and they went this way, and this is what we believed\nand we went this way. The things that we did in our activities in either USY or\nBBYO were so Jewish oriented that it didn't occur to us that we wanted to mix.\nLater in years in the South, the gentiles began to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021#t=1320.0,1350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021/transcript/24823/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"accept Jewish kids into their\nfraternities and sororities. I do remember, growing up, the community over the\nmountain that was developing at that time, Vestavia [Hills], up on the hill . .\n. Vestavia, which is now very Catholic, they wouldn't let blacks, Jews, and\nItalians in. Catholics. I shouldn't say Italians. Catholics. There was as much\nof a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021#t=1350.0,1380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021/transcript/24823/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"prejudice against Catholics as there was against Jews, which is very\ninteresting. Daddy explained to me [that] their cycle to get to G-d is through\nthe Pope, and the other Christian religions have their own personal\nrelationships like we do. However, we don't believe in Jesus. It was all out of\na religious thing. The black/white thing was a different story. When it came to\nreligions, the Jews and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021#t=1380.0,1410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021/transcript/24823/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Catholics . . . There were many kids who said my mother\nwould rather me marry a Jew than a Catholic. It was just normal. We got on the\nbus, and we sat in the front, and they sat in the back. We went into restaurants\n. . . I never saw a black person in a restaurant unless they were serving me. It\nwas just something we knew. You walked into Pizitz or Loveman's, the two big\ndepartment stores, and there were four bathrooms. There was a colored ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021#t=1410.0,1440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021/transcript/24823/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"man's\n[bathroom] and a white man's, and a colored woman's and a white woman's. There\nwere two water fountains, [for] coloreds and whites. It is just the way we grew\nup. It was something we were used to.\n\nBERMAN: Do you remember ever thinking about it?\n\nREAGAN: Oh, yes. Definitely.\n\nBERMAN: Like this was strange or wrong?\n\nREAGAN: Definitely. We had a maid, a retired nurse, that worked for us, and we\nused to drive to Florida every year to see my grandparents. We would stop at a\nmotel on the way, and of course she was not allowed in. My brother and I thought\nit would ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021#t=1440.0,1470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021/transcript/24823/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"be great, and we took a sack of flour with us. We were going to put\nflour on her and take her in. It never occurred to us that she wasn't a member\nof the family. I have to tell you, being born and raised in Birmingham, and\nbeing a rather observant person, as I watched after the Kennedys and the Johnson\n[administration] came in and passed laws, I watched the South ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021#t=1470.0,1500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021/transcript/24823/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"gradually accept\npeople on a one-on-one basis and then move into bigger acceptance. There was a\nmajor, major change in the 1970's and 1980's. It was gradual. It was not because\nit was legislated. The majority of people in the South were not educated. They\nhad come off of farms if they were in the cities. A great ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021#t=1500.0,1530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021/transcript/24823/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"majority were farmers,\nand they really had no sense of pride, in the sense of self worth, except that\nthey were better than the blacks, than the coloreds. This became where the word\nwhite supremacy came in. They were better than somebody. I think the reason why\nJews never had that feeling is because we know we are better than everybody. My\nfather always said that you were born into a family that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021#t=1530.0,1560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021/transcript/24823/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"education is important,\ngrammar, everything. We were just more eloquent, more savvy, more everything,\nbecause we were more accepting.\n\nBERMAN: You mentioned that you had a maid . . . What was her name? . . . who you\nfelt like was a part of your family.\n\nREAGAN: Gertrude. We called her Nursie Gertrude.\n\nBERMAN: How do you think . . . I know it's always hard to know how somebody else\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021#t=1560.0,1590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021/transcript/24823/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"feels. Do you think she felt a part of your family or do you think for her it\nwas a job?\n\nREAGAN: She felt a part of the family. She raised her daughter, her\ngranddaughter, and her great granddaughter, because of the unfortunate cycle of\nno men in the family. She used to bring them, and we would have them for dinner.\nWe would go to her house. She felt a part of the family. She cooked for us. She\nbathed us when we were small. That's what I never understood ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021#t=1590.0,1620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021/transcript/24823/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about people in a\ndifferent type of community, gentile or whatever, that didn't allow their maids\nto come in the front door. They could bathe and touch their children, and put\nfood on the table for them that they had cooked, but they had to come in the\nback door. To me, it was totally illogical.\n\nBERMAN: Do you think that Jewish people had a different attitude toward their\nblack help than ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021#t=1620.0,1650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021/transcript/24823/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Christian community?\n\nREAGAN: Yes. I think because of the history of non-acceptance, of being thought\nof as different and being ostracized or actually evicted from a country, there\nis a lot more compassion. There was a lot more feeling that this was a person.\nWe didn't have our roots in the South. We didn't grow up with families that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021#t=1650.0,1680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021/transcript/24823/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"had\nslaves. We didn't grow up with a culture that treated them differently. We\nmigrated to the South into the late nineteenth and mostly twentieth century, so\nour experience was not plantations and slaves and non-education for blacks. It\njust wasn't our experience. I think we did have ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021#t=1680.0,1710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021/transcript/24823/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it probably because of that,\nthat nature of knowing we needed to stand up for every man.\n\nBERMAN: How did your family react to the changes in the laws in the late 1950's\n[and] 1960's? Were they vocal about integration, were they working behind the\nscenes, or were they just hoping things would change because it was a fearful time?\n\nREAGAN: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021#t=1710.0,1740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021/transcript/24823/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A mixture of 'b' and 'c'. I think that in their actions they let us know\nby the way they treated our maid, by the way they treated the delivery boy from\nthe drugstore, by the way when we went to a restaurant they treated the wait\nstaff. It was totally different. They had friends that were very involved in the\nmovement. They did not stand up ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021#t=1740.0,1770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021/transcript/24823/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and go to protests, but they signed petitions\nthat would come around. They backed the movement by setting example. That whole\nera of baby boomers' parents set the example for us.\n\nBERMAN: Where were you when you heard there was a bomb at the Temple? Do you\nremember what you were doing or . . .\n\nREAGAN: I don't even remember what year it was in.\n\nBERMAN: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021#t=1770.0,1800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021/transcript/24823/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"1958.\n\nREAGAN: [In] 1958 I would have been 11 years old and probably not told about it.\nThere were a lot of things that we just didn't know that were going on, not to\nscare us. The Temple was intact, so I guess they felt there was no reason. My\nparents didn't tell us about it. I had to read about the Holocaust when I was\neight years old. They had to be sure I had that education, but this they didn't\ntell me.\n\nBERMAN: You went to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021#t=1800.0,1830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021/transcript/24823/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"public school. Did you go to public school your whole career\nin school?\n\nREAGAN: Yes.\n\nBERMAN: You mainly were friends with people from the Conservative community.\n\nREAGAN: We started out . . . Remember, it was a baby boomer year that I was\nborn, and in my high school graduating class, and there were a few scattered at\nother high schools, there were out of 600 kids in that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021#t=1830.0,1860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021/transcript/24823/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"class 50 Jewish students.\nThe temple groups mixed. They had their different social life in their SEFTY and\ntheir youth groups that we had with our USY. When it came time to join BBG and\nAZA, I would say that 95 percent of the kids that were involved in those were\nConservative, which was very ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021#t=1860.0,1890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021/transcript/24823/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"interesting. The structure is the same as it was in\nNew York. The settlers of the Reform congregations were mostly of German\ndescent. We were the Ashkenazi Eastern European, and it was that segmentation\nwith our parents and grandparents with the two temples. In those days, the\nrabbis did not reach out to each ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021#t=1890.0,1920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021/transcript/24823/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"other. There was no interaction. Here we can\nhave a panel with rabbis from Chabad, Orthodox, Reform, Conservative. The rabbis\ntalk to each other all the time, and they hug each other when they see each\nother. Back then, our rabbi did not reach out in any way to the Reform, and we\nnever saw that.\n\nBERMAN: Which rabbi are you talking about?\n\nREAGAN: Rabbi [Abraham] Mesch.\n\nBERMAN: Rabbi Mesch. Did you ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021#t=1920.0,1950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021/transcript/24823/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"date anybody from the Reform community? Was that\nfrowned upon?\n\nREAGAN: It wasn't frowned upon. I ended up with a social circle from this\nTemple, because I was AZA-BBG oriented. When I was growing up . . . it started\nwhen I was maybe three years old . . . my father started teaching confirmation.\nOn Sundays he would take my brother, who was a year older, to the four-year-old\npre-kindergarten. I would ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021#t=1950.0,1980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021/transcript/24823/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"cry and cry, so I was the youngest one in the\npre-kindergarten class. I was three years old, because I wanted to come. When we\ngrew up, it was a punishment. If you don't behave you can't go to Sunday school.\nThere were years in my life when I spent seven days a week here. Two days Hebrew\nschool, two days bat mitzvah practice, and then Friday night the family always\ncame to services. Saturday was service followed by bat mitzvah practice, and\nSunday [was] Sunday school. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021#t=1980.0,2010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021/transcript/24823/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This became a home, and I think, in a manner, the\nsame thing happened in the Reform congregations. We were so tied up in those. It\nwasn't that we weren't friendly. It's just [that] we weren't in the same group.\nI was very close friends with a family around the corner, with the daughter\nJoannie [last name?]. She was Reform, but most of us that ran in that circle\nwere Conservative. It ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021#t=2010.0,2040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021/transcript/24823/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was a neighborhood group of young Jewish girls that played together.\n\nBERMAN: You mentioned your mother was very active in Hadassah. Was that mostly\nEastern European women, or did the Reform German women join Hadassah?\n\nREAGAN: In Birmingham, everybody joined Hadassah. If you look through the\nleadership history of Hadassah, it is mostly Eastern European, the leadership,\nbut everybody joined. Now the girls that are being bat mitzvahed really want\nsomebody to give them a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021#t=2040.0,2070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021/transcript/24823/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"life membership, so they can be a life member of\nHadassah. Our directory is the 'Bible' of the city of Birmingham, and they want\nto be in the directory. They want their phone number in the directory.\nBirmingham has had a large, large Hadassah [chapter]. When my mother was coming\nthrough those stages in her motherhood when we were younger days, she wasn't\nvery active in the Sisterhood. She was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021#t=2070.0,2100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021/transcript/24823/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"very active in B'nai B'rith and moved up\nto president and some kind of region [position] with Hadassah. Those were her\ntwo things. My mother did not grow up with a lot of Jewish connection outside of\nschool. Her father was the advertising director for the Detroit Saturday Night,\na newspaper that is no longer in existence. Their biggest advertiser was Ford,\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021#t=2100.0,2130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021/transcript/24823/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so they really downplayed that they were Jewish. In fact, my mother grew up with\na Christmas tree, which I thought was appalling. When Hanukkah came she would\nbuy every blue and silver decoration she could find, and we would decorate it.\nWe had a Jewish star this big [interviewee holds up her hands far apart to show\nhow big the star was] that sat on a wall . . . everybody had the front picture\nwindows . . . that you could see from the street with the picture window. Each\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021#t=2130.0,2160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021/transcript/24823/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"point had a [light] bulb, so if you passed by our house during the winter\nholiday time everybody in the neighborhood . . . we had lots of Jews in the\nneighborhood . . . the Christians had up all their decorations, and you passed\nby our house and you could see our star. Mother decorated the whole house. I\ndon't know whether that came from the fact that she was a very celebratory\nperson that celebrated every holiday or the fact that she had a Christmas tree\nas a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021#t=2160.0,2190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021/transcript/24823/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"child.\n\nBERMAN: Did your friends or your acquaintances in the Reform community have\nChristmas trees, because that's very common in . . .\n\nREAGAN: Some of them did. It wasn't something they walked around the community\ntalking about. I think it didn't bother their parents as much as it bothered them.\n\nBERMAN: In the home, did you keep kosher? Was it a kosher home?\n\nREAGAN: No. We didn't keep kosher, but we had a strong religious background. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021#t=2190.0,2220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021/transcript/24823/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I\ncame from a very strong Zionist family. We did the Friday night service at home\nand then came to services [at the Temple]. We did not observe the second day of\nRosh Ha-Shanah. We had a big seder. The big things we did, and Daddy always\nquoted something Talmudic to us. I can hear the words coming out of his mouth.\nWe got a strong ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021#t=2220.0,2250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021/transcript/24823/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish background, but I don't know of anybody that I grew up\nwith outside of maybe two or three families that still lived on the Southside\nthat kept kosher in the Conservative Temple.\n\nBERMAN: Was it ever a thought of you to date anybody that wasn't Jewish? Did you\nthink about it, or did you date anybody that wasn't Jewish?\n\nREAGAN: I did date people that weren't Jewish. It didn't thrill my . . .\n\nBERMAN: Did you keep it a secret from your parents?\n\nREAGAN: No. My parents always knew, but they didn't want the community to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021#t=2250.0,2280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021/transcript/24823/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"know.\nIn fact, I was out for the afternoon at a beach close to Bessemer [Alabama] with\na gentile, and that night I went to the Jewish Community Center and accepted the\nfirst kavod [Hebrew, Yiddish: honor, dignity, respect] key for service that the\ncommunity gave out. At 17 years old, I was the first recipient, and that\nafternoon I had been out with a gentile. My mother was not thrilled, to say the\nleast, and neither was my father, but I was always open with ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021#t=2280.0,2310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021/transcript/24823/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"them. I didn't\nreally broadcast that. I don't think many of my friends . . . Maybe my best\nfriend might have known.\n\nBERMAN: Was it hard to date only Jewish guys in Birmingham? Were the pickings slim?\n\nREAGAN: [There were] plenty of guys. Unfortunately, they were all buddies. I had\nknown them since I was three years old. I did date one Jewish guy all the way\nthrough high school, and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021#t=2310.0,2340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021/transcript/24823/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"everybody thought we were going to get married. It was\nmore we were in the same circles, and we went to the same places. I found out\nlater . . . later in life he told me he would have married me if I had shown any\nsigns. There was never a deep boyfriend-girlfriend . . . We were just always\ntogether, so we always had a date for everything.\n\nBERMAN: Did you attend Jewish camp in the summer?\n\nREAGAN: No. My family was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021#t=2340.0,2370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021/transcript/24823/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not financially able. We lived in a big house in\nMountain Brook, because the education was the important thing, to get us into\nMountain Brook [schools]. We drove cards that were five and six and seven years\nold, not brand new. They were brand new, but we kept them a long time. We didn't\ngo to summer camp, and we didn't belong to the Fairmont or the Hillcrest, the\ntwo country clubs. However, I don't remember feeling like I was left out of\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021#t=2370.0,2400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021/transcript/24823/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"anything. In later years, as people say, \"Oh, I went to camp with them,\" and \"I\nwent to camp with them,\" and they got to know each other, I was able to think\nback, \"Well, when I went to [unintelligible] for Young Judaea, and I went to\nconventions for BBYO, I met people from other cities, too, that I still [am]\nfriends with.\" My brother and I never felt neglected or . . . I can't remember\nthe words of course, because I'm so old . . . I don't remember ever ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021#t=2400.0,2430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021/transcript/24823/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"feeling\neither disconnected or that we were deprived of anything, ever.\n\nBERMAN: How do you think the Jewish community has changed over the years from\nwhen you were a young child to today, and is it a good change or not such a good change?\n\nREAGAN: That's hard. First of all, because I have travelled a lot with my\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021#t=2430.0,2460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021/transcript/24823/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"position with Women's League into other synagogues, when I say what I'm going to\nsay, it seems to be everywhere. We had a very synagogue-centered life, and the\nJewish Community Center. Those are the two places [where] our family did family\nthings. Our parents dropped us off at the JCC right after Sunday school and\ndidn't come back until after dark to pick us up. It was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021#t=2460.0,2490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021/transcript/24823/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"very Temple and JCC\nfocused. In today's world, it's not. Unless you go to a Jewish day school, your\ncontact is Sunday school. A lot of the parents don't start their kids in Sunday\nschool until they are seven or eight years old, rather than three and four years\nold, because it's too much trouble to take them on Sunday mornings. They would\nrather not, and the kids . . . We went to Hebrew ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021#t=2490.0,2520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021/transcript/24823/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"school and bat mitzvah practice\nfour days a week. The kids come one day a week and complain about that, because\nit interferes with soccer and basketball and football. We didn't have that. We\ndidn't have all these diversions. We had ballet, and any baseball and football\nthe boys played was in the neighborhood . . . there weren't set teams . . . or\non the playground at school. I think the Jewish community has suffered ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021#t=2520.0,2550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021/transcript/24823/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"some from\nthat melding into the world of every outside activity expose your kids to and\nallow them to do. I hear parents, sitting in the office, calling and saying, \"My\nchild won't be at Hebrew high [school] tonight, because they've got a [sports]\npractice.\" That would never have happened in our day. You didn't miss things\nbecause of something else. This was the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021#t=2550.0,2580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021/transcript/24823/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"priority, and every Friday night all\nfamilies came together. Friday night now is . . . the younger families come with\ntheir young children, because it's at 5:45 so they have that opportunity to\nstill get them home and fed and to bed on time. I remember everybody in the\ncongregation, their ritual was to go home and eat and then get dressed up and\ncome to Temple. It is a different community. What is better about it ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021#t=2580.0,2610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021/transcript/24823/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is that the\nBirmingham Jewish community has grown stronger, because to raise your children\nJewish . . . and our children want to do that . . . with a community of 5,000\nJews you have to seek out other people through activities. You want your kids to\nbe with Jewish kids. I always said, \"What ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021#t=2610.0,2640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021/transcript/24823/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is the one thing that a Jewish mother\nwants for her child? To marry Jewish. What does she want for herself? Jewish\ngrandchildren.\" That hasn't changed. I think that there's the segment that sends\ntheir kids to Jewish day school through seventh or eighth grade, and there's the\nsegment that says, \"When they start Sunday school at [age] seven or eight, it's\nfine.\" They'll come to Temple ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021#t=2640.0,2670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021/transcript/24823/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for somebody else's bar mitzvah. It's just\nsegmented a different way. It's not the whole community tying their social lives\ninto [the] synagogue.\n\nBERMAN: Do you have any regrets that you didn't spend time in other cities\noutside of Birmingham, that you were always here?\n\nREAGAN: No. I went to Michigan State University [East Lansing], so I was gone\nfor a while. Of course it was like being at home, because on ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021#t=2670.0,2700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021/transcript/24823/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"weekends when\npeople took off I went to Detroit and stayed with relatives. My son and I lived\nin Chicago for about four years. I liked it, but when I came home and I could\nwalk into my dentist's office and see three Jewish people I knew or walk into\nthe grocery store and run into people that I grew up with and . . . like the\nPiggly Wiggly in Crestline, I would see somebody that I was in grammar school\nwith, because we all grew up around Crestline ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021#t=2700.0,2730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021/transcript/24823/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Village. I like that feeling. I\nlike that small feeling, but we still have grown into a city with cultural\nopportunities that might not be as great as Atlanta, but certainly as great as\nany city our size. We have an opera. We have a ballet. We have multiple\ntheaters. You name it. The only thing we haven't been able to do here ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021#t=2730.0,2760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021/transcript/24823/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is\n[professional] football, because of course college football is the leader. We've\ntried it three or four times, and it hasn't worked. I think the size of\nBirmingham makes it a real plus to raise a Jewish family, any family. It's small\nenough that the neighbors look after each other and that you know your\nneighbors, and it's big enough that you have an opportunity to step out and do\nsomething else that is not being done in your ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021#t=2760.0,2790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021/transcript/24823/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"neighborhood, not in your close\ngroup, if you wanted to.\n\nBERMAN: Do you think that the Jewish community today gets more involved with the\ngreater Birmingham community than they did in the past?\n\nREAGAN: Absolutely. There is no doubt about it.\n\nBERMAN: Why do you think it has changed?\n\nREAGAN: I don't know whether it's the people, but I think it's also . . . In my\nmind . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021#t=2790.0,2820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021/transcript/24823/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"everything I am saying is opinion, and I've got lots of them . . . In\nmy mind, I think it's part of integrating a small Jewish community into a bigger\ncommunity, you have to be involved in it somewhat. Most of the things that the\nJewish people are involved in outside of the Jewish community are boards [of\ndirectors] of or involvement in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021#t=2820.0,2850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021/transcript/24823/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"non-profits, in education, or the arts. It's\nstuff that comes from our culture anyway. My father used to always tell me,\n\"You're not going to change the mind of everybody to love Jews as a group.\nYou're going to change them one on one. You have to remember that when you walk\nout of the house, especially in a city this size, you not only represent the\nGoldstein family. You represent the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021#t=2850.0,2880.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021/transcript/24823/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jews that people get to know, and that's a\nresponsibility. If you are belligerent to a gentile or you don't' answer them\nproperly when they accuse you of killing their Lord [or] any of those kinds of\nthings, you may be the only Jew they have person contact with, because we're a\nsmall community, and that's what they think of Jews.\"\n\nBERMAN: Getting back to the Civil Rights era for a minute, I wanted to ask you a\nquestion that we've ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021#t=2880.0,2910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021/transcript/24823/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"asked everybody else that we've interviewed, too. In the\n1960's, there was that whole group of Northern rabbis that came down to get\ninvolved in the movement. Do you remember how your family felt when they came? I\nknow that it would have been difficult to have Northern rabbis come to a\nSouthern city, and then they got to go home.\n\nREAGAN: Not in our ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021#t=2910.0,2940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021/transcript/24823/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"family. Coming from two different backgrounds and 15 years\napart, I don't know why my parents ended up with the same frame of mind. I'm\nsure they welcomed any opportunity to involve themselves in ideas that would\ncarry us forward, that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021#t=2940.0,2970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021/transcript/24823/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were true ideas. They never resented that they lived here\nand somebody else got to leave after they expressed their opinion. I think that\nwas where you were leading.\n\nBERMAN: I know that a lot of Southerners, especially those in much smaller\ncommunities than Birmingham, have said it was fine for them to come down here\nand tell us we ought to be more vocal. Then they got to leave.\n\nREAGAN: And we're stuck with people resenting us.\n\nBERMAN: Right. I think that was very problematic for a lot of Southern ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021#t=2970.0,3000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021/transcript/24823/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jews, and\nI was just wondering if that . . .\n\nREAGAN: I think in Birmingham we didn't have that many . . . I guess you would\nliken to carpetbaggers. We didn't have that as much. They went to the smaller\ntowns, where there was more problem. We had people in our community that spoke\nup for us. We had people in our community that made contact with the black community.\n\nBERMAN: Do you know any specific names of people who stood out. They ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021#t=3000.0,3030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021/transcript/24823/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"mentioned\nthe rabbi at Temple [Emanu-El] was fairly vocal.\n\nREAGAN: Rabbi Grafman at the Temple, yes. I remember Abe Berkowitz.\n\nBERMAN: He's been mentioned a lot.\n\nREAGAN: Those are the two, and Karl Friedman. Those are the names that stick out\nto me, because I remember them. There was not a lot of discussion in the family.\nEverybody knew that people were involved, but you have to remember in those days\nI was younger. I was involved in my Jewish organizations. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021#t=3030.0,3060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021/transcript/24823/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The real pain of the\nmovement did not affect me. I can remember when they passed the . . . 1960 . . .\n\nBERMAN: 1963, the Civil Rights Act.\n\nREAGAN: [The] Civil Rights bill. We had not one black in our school, and we were\ntold one day that we have to sit away from the windows. Do not look out the\nwindows, and stay quiet. A very short while after that, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021#t=3060.0,3090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021/transcript/24823/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there was a march of\nblack kids coming to protest outside of our all-white school. That was as close\nas I got to realizing yes, we don't have any blacks. I should be standing up and\nwaving to them and welcoming them, but I didn't.\n\nBERMAN: It would have been a hard thing to do.\n\nREAGAN: Yes, and hard was not my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021#t=3090.0,3120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021/transcript/24823/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"choice.\n\nBERMAN: Finally, I want to give you a moment to tell me what were your fondest\nmemories growing up in Birmingham.\n\nREAGAN: It's two-fold. On a personal level, our family dinner table, because we\nlaughed all the time. All the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021#t=3120.0,3150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021/transcript/24823/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"time. Outside the home was my synagogue. I loved\nbeing here. We had two classes of every grade, so there [were] lots of Jewish\nkids here and there was a common interest. There was Israeli dancing or prayers\nthat I learned by rote. There was a common ground that I didn't have outside of\nhere. Synagogue ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021#t=3150.0,3180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021/transcript/24823/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"life was a big plus to me. I remember we had a yellow Hebrew\nschool bus that used to pick us up at the junior high [school] and bring us\nhere. We got here early, and across the street where the service station is was\na delicatessen. We would go over to the delicatessen and buy those great big fat\npickles and go sit in the balcony and eat them. They always wondered why did the\nsanctuary smell like pickles. We felt like we owned the building. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021#t=3180.0,3210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021/transcript/24823/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When I came\nback to Birmingham and had some very tough times emotionally with aging parents\nand other issues that were coming up, I would walk into this Temple and go sit\nin the sanctuary and find some peace. My fondest memories really are that BBYO\nand Temple social life with other Jewish kids and the things we did as a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021#t=3210.0,3240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021/transcript/24823/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"family.\nOur family was very close knit.\n\nBERMAN: It leads me to a couple of other questions. You mentioned Gertie.\n\nREAGAN: Gertrude.\n\nBERMAN: Gertrude. Was she a good cook?\n\nREAGAN: Great cook.\n\nBERMAN: Do you still follow any of those recipes.\n\nREAGAN: No. I never learned any cooking when I was growing up at home. I was the\ncleanup person. My mother didn't teach me to cook. [Gertrude] learned to cook a\nlot of the Jewish ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021#t=3240.0,3270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021/transcript/24823/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"recipes which my mother didn't know, so they were learning\nthem together from the Temple's cookbook. She served us 'filthy' [gefilte] fish.\n\nBERMAN: Filthy fish.\n\nREAGAN: She made great chopped liver. She also fried chicken, and my mother\ncouldn't do that.\n\nBERMAN: Did your mother learn from here, and she learned from your mother?\n\nREAGAN: I think they worked together in the kitchen.\n\nBERMAN: That's great. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021#t=3270.0,3300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021/transcript/24823/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I had one other question, but it went out of my head. This\nwas a wonderful interview. I'm so glad that you agreed to participate, and thank you.\n\nREAGAN: Thank you very much.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021#t=3300.0,3330.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021/annotation_set/465","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Annotations [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021/annotation_set/465/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e A division within Judaism especially in North America and the United Kingdom.  Historically it began in the nineteenth century.   In general, the Reform movement maintains that Judaism and Jewish traditions should be modernized and compatible with participation in Western culture.   While the Torah remains the law, in Reform Judaism women are included (mixed seating, bat mitzvah and women rabbis), music is allowed in the services and most of the service is in English.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021#t=180.0,210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021/annotation_set/465/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA form of Judaism that seeks to preserve Jewish tradition and ritual but has a more flexible approach to the interpretation of the law than Orthodox Judaism.  It attempts to combine a positive attitude toward modern culture, while preserving a commitment to Jewish observance.   They also observe gender equality (mixed seating, women rabbis and bat mitzvah).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021#t=180.0,210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021/annotation_set/465/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTemple Beth-El was founded in 1907 and is a Conservative congregation.  The current rabbi (2015) is Randall Konigsburg.  On April 28, 1958, during the Civil Rights Era, dynamite was placed outside the synagogue but it failed to explode.   The crime was never officially solved.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021#t=330.0,360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021/annotation_set/465/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTemple Emanu-El is a Reform Jewish congregation. The community first held Rosh Ha-Shanah and Yom Kippur celebrations in 1881. Before the synagogue was built, the community met at the Cumberland Presbyterian Church. Land for the synagogue was purchased in 1884 and the building was inaugurated in 1889.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021#t=330.0,360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021/annotation_set/465/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eShabbat [Hebrew] or Shabbos [Yiddish] is the Jewish day of rest and is observed on Saturdays.  Shabbat observance entails refraining from work activities, often with great rigor, and engaging in restful activities to honor the day. Shabbat begins at sundown on Friday night and is ushered in by lighting candles and reciting a blessing. It is closed the following evening with the recitation of the havdalah blessing.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021#t=540.0,570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021/annotation_set/465/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHebrew for ‘study.’  The legal code spanning a thousand years and based on the teachings of the Bible, the Talmud interprets biblical laws and commandments.  It also contains a rich store of historic facts and traditions.  It has two divisions: the Mishnah and the Gemarah.  The Mishnah is the interpretation of Biblical law.  The Gemarah is a commentary on the Mishnah by a group of later scholars.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021#t=750.0,780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021/annotation_set/465/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eKappa Nu Fraternity was founded on November 12, 1911, by six men at Rochester University (Rochester, New York).  It was a local organization, and by 1917, there were five loosely connected groups who decided to hold a convention in Rochester and set up the Organization of Kappa Nu as a National Fraternity.   In 1959, Phi Alpha merged into Phi Sigma Delta, and in 1961 Kappa Nu merged into Phi Epsilon Pi.  In 1969-70, Phi Sigma Delta and Phi Epsilon Pi merged into Zeta Beta Tau, which had begun as a Zionist youth society in 1898.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021#t=780.0,810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021/annotation_set/465/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHadassah, the Women’s Zionist Organization of America, is a volunteer organization founded in 1912 by Henrietta Szold, with more than 300,000 members and supporters worldwide. It supports health care and medical research, education and youth programs in Israel, and advocacy, education, and leadership development in the United States\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021#t=900.0,930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021/annotation_set/465/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePizitz was a major regional department store chain in Alabama, with its flagship store in downtown Birmingham. At its peak it operated 12 other stores, mostly in the Birmingham area with several locations in Huntsville and other Alabama cities. The chain was founded as the Louis Pizitz Dry Goods Co. in 1899 on the site of its flagship building in downtown Birmingham. It was sold to McRae's in December 1986, and all former Pizitz stores became McRae's. Many of the former Pizitz locations are now closed, but the Pizitz family (via Pizitz Management Group) still owns the buildings of most of its former stores.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021#t=930.0,960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021/annotation_set/465/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Parisian Dry Goods and Millinery Company was founded in 1877 by two sisters, Estella and Bertha Sommers, in downtown Birmingham. The Parisian department store chain spread throughout Alabama and the Southeast, eventually reaching as far north as Michigan. The Proffitt's Inc. department store chain bought the Parisian franchise in the 1990’s and sold it in 2006 to Belk's Inc., which discontinued the Parisian brand. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021#t=930.0,960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021/annotation_set/465/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe first Orthodox congregation to organize in Birmingham in 1889.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021#t=1020.0,1050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021/annotation_set/465/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOrthodox Judaism is a traditional branch of Judaism that strictly follows the Written Torah and the Oral Law concerning prayer, dress, food, sex, family relations, social behavior, the Sabbath day, holidays and more.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021#t=1020.0,1050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021/annotation_set/465/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eShavuot is the Hebrew word for “weeks” and refers to the Jewish festival marking the giving of the Torah by G-d at Mount Sinai.  It occurs at the completion of the seven-week counting period between Passover and Shavuot.  Shavuot, like many other Jewish holidays, began as an ancient agricultural festival that marked the end of the spring barley harvest and the beginning of the summer wheat harvest. In ancient times, Shavuot was a pilgrimage festival during which Israelites brought crop offerings to the Temple in Jerusalem. Today, it is a celebration of Torah, education, and actively choosing to participate in Jewish life.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021#t=1050.0,1080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021/annotation_set/465/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFounded in 1897, the Zionist Organization of America is the oldest pro-Israel organization in the United States.  It is dedicated to educating the public, elected officials, media, and college/high school students about Israel and to promoting strong United States-Israel relations.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021#t=1080.0,1110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021/annotation_set/465/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJim Crow laws were state and local laws in the United States enacted between 1876 and 1965.  The name seems to have originated in the song “Jump Jim Crow,” a song-and-dance caricature of blacks performed by white actor Thomas D. Rice in blackface in 1832.  As a result of Rice’s fame, “Jim Crow” became a pejorative expression meaning “Negro” by 1838 and the later segregation laws became known as “Jim Crow” laws.  Jim Crow laws mandated racial segregation in all public facilities in the southern state of the former Confederacy, with a supposedly “separate but equal” status for black Americans, although in reality this was not so. Some examples of Jim Crow laws are the segregation of public schools, places, and public transportation and the segregation of restrooms, restaurants and drinking fountains for whites and blacks.  Private businesses, political parties and unions created their own Jim Crow arrangements, barring blacks from buying home in certain neighborhoods, from shopping or working in certain stores, from working at certain trades, etc. In the twentieth century, the Supreme Court began to overturn Jim Crow laws on constitutional grounds.  Rosa Parks defied the Jim Crows laws when she refused to give up her seat on a bus to a white man, which became a catalyst to the Civil Rights movement.  Her actions, and the demonstrations that followed, led to a series of legislative and court decisions that contributed to undermining the Jim Crow system.  The Civil Rights Act of 1964 officially ended Jim Crow laws.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021#t=1170.0,1200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021/annotation_set/465/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eYoung Judaea is a peer-led Zionist youth movement founded in 1909.  Its programs include youth clubs, conventions, summer camps and Israel programs that provide experiential programming through which Jewish youth and young adults build meaningful relationships with their peers, emphasize social action, and develop a lifelong commitment to Jewish life, the Jewish people, and Israel.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021#t=1290.0,1320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021/annotation_set/465/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eUnited Synagogue Youth (USY) and Kadima are the official youth organizations of the Conservative Movement.  USY was founded in 1951 and has grown from a handful of chapters to an international organization with thousands of high school age members.  In 1964, Kadima was formalized as a separate entity for pre-USY age young people.  USY was conceived as a means of meeting the social, educational, religious, and recreational needs of Jewish teenagers.  The organization seeks to involve teenagers in synagogue life and help build the Jewish community of the future.  As a Zionist organization, it also works to build a relationship between Israel and Jewish youth in America.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021#t=1290.0,1320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021/annotation_set/465/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSee reference 17.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021#t=1290.0,1320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021/annotation_set/465/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBaby boomers are people born during the post–World War II baby boom between the years 1946 and 1964.  After the end of World War II, birth rates across the world spiked.  The explosion of new infants became known as the baby boom.  During the boom, an estimated 77 million babies were born in the United States.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021#t=1290.0,1320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021/annotation_set/465/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Grand Order of the Aleph Zadik Aleph (AZA) is an international youth-led fraternal organization for Jewish teenagers, founded in 1924.  It currently exists as the male wing of BBYO (formerly B’nai B’rith Youth Organization), an independent non-profit organization.  AZA’s sister organization, for teenage girls, is the B’nai B’rith Girls (BBG).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021#t=1290.0,1320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021/annotation_set/465/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eB’nai B’rith Girls (BBG) is the female wing of BBYO (formerly B’nai B’rith Youth Organization), a Jewish youth organization for Jewish teenagers in grades 8 through 12.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021#t=1290.0,1320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021/annotation_set/465/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBBYO, formerly B’nai B’rith Youth Organization, is a Jewish youth movement for students in grades from 8 through 12.  The organization emphasizes its youth leadership model in which teen leaders are elected by their peers on a local, regional and international level and are given the opportunity to make their own programmatic decisions.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021#t=1320.0,1350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021/annotation_set/465/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe store was originally founded in 1887 as A.B. Loveman's Dry Goods Emporium at 1915 Second Avenue by Adolph Bernard Loveman. Moses V. Joseph of Selma, Alabama, soon joined the company and it was renamed Loveman \u0026amp; Joseph.  In 1889, the company became Loveman, Joseph \u0026amp; Loeb with the addition of Emil Loeb.  The name was later shortened to simply Loveman’s.  In 1923, the business was sold to the Philadelphia-based City Stores Company.  After City Stores filed for bankruptcy, Loveman’s closed its doors in 1980 after 93 years in business in Birmingham.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021#t=1410.0,1440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021/annotation_set/465/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJohn Fitzgerald Kennedy (1917-1963), commonly known as ‘JFK.’  He was the 35th President of the U.S., serving from 1961 until November 22, 1963 when he was assassinated in Dallas, Texas. He was a Democrat.  Robert ‘Bobby’ F. Kennedy, JFK’s brother, served as Attorney General during JFK’s presidency and was a strong advocate for civil rights.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021#t=1470.0,1500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021/annotation_set/465/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLyndon Baines Johnson (1908-1973), often called LBJ, was the 36th President of the United States from 1963 to 1968.  He came into the office with the assassination of John F. Kennedy in Dallas, Texas on November 22, 1963.  He was a Democrat.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021#t=1470.0,1500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021/annotation_set/465/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe American Civil Rights Movement encompasses social movements in the United States whose goal was to end racial segregation and discrimination against black Americans and enforce constitutional voting rights to them. The movement was characterized by major campaigns of civil resistance. Between 1955 and 1968, acts of nonviolent protest and civil disobedience produced crisis situations between activists and government authorities. Noted legislative achievements during this phase of the Civil Rights Movement were passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the Voting Rights Act of 1965, the Immigration and Nationality Services Act of 1965, and the Fair Housing Act of 1968.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021#t=1740.0,1770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021/annotation_set/465/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOn April 28, 1958, during the Civil Rights Era, dynamite was placed outside the Temple Beth-El, but it failed to explode.  The crime was never officially solved.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021#t=1770.0,1800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021/annotation_set/465/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe North American Federation of Temple Youth, otherwise known as NFTY, is the Reform Jewish youth movement that fosters leadership at the North American, regional and congregational level.  SEFTY is the regional Southeast Federation of Temple Youth.  Today (2015), over 500 Reform congregations throughout North America sponsor Temple Youth Groups, bringing the NFTY experience to more than 6,000 high school-age young people in grades 9 thru 12.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021#t=1860.0,1890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021/annotation_set/465/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAshkenazi is an ethnic division of Jews which formed in the Holy Roman Empire in the early 1000’s. They established communities in Central and Eastern Europe.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021#t=1890.0,1920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021/annotation_set/465/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eChabad-Lubavitch is a Chasidic movement in Orthodox Judaism\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021#t=1920.0,1950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021/annotation_set/465/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRabbi Abraham Mesch was the spiritual leader of Temple Beth-El in Birmingham, AL, from 1934 until his death in December 1962.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021#t=1920.0,1950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021/annotation_set/465/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHebrew for ‘daughter of commandment.’  A rite of passage for Jewish girls aged 12 years and one day according to her Hebrew birthday.  Many girls have their bat mitzvah around age 13, the same as boys who have their bar mitzvah at that age.  She is now duty bound to keep the commandments.  Synagogue ceremonies are held for bat mitzvah girls in Reform and Conservative communities, but it has not won the universal approval of Orthodox rabbis. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021#t=1980.0,2010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021/annotation_set/465/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA group of women in a synagogue congregation who join together to offer social, cultural, educational, and volunteer service opportunities.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021#t=2070.0,2100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021/annotation_set/465/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eB'nai B'rith International (from Hebrew: ‘Children of the Covenant’) is the oldest Jewish service organization in the world. B'nai B'rith states that it is committed to the security and continuity of the Jewish people and the State of Israel and combating antisemitism and bigotry. Its mission is to unite persons of the Jewish faith and to enhance Jewish identity through strengthening Jewish family life, to provide broad-based services for the benefit of senior citizens, and to facilitate advocacy and action on behalf of Jews throughout the world.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021#t=2100.0,2130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021/annotation_set/465/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCar company.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021#t=2100.0,2130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021/annotation_set/465/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHebrew for ‘dedication.’ An eight-day festival of lights usually falling around Christmas on the Christian calendar.  Hanukkah celebrates the victory of the Maccabees in 165 BCE over the Seleucid rules of Palestine, who had desecrated the Temple. The Maccabees wanted to re-dedicate the Temple altar to Jewish worship by rekindling the menorah but could only find one small jar of ritually pure olive oil.  This oil continued to burn miraculously for eight days, enabling them to prepare new oil. The Hanukkah menorah, or hanukiah, with its nine branches, is used to commemorate this miracle by lighting eight candles, one for each day, by the ninth candle.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021#t=2130.0,2160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021/annotation_set/465/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Magen David [Hebrew: Shield of David], or as it is more commonly known, the Star of David, is the symbol most commonly associated with Judaism today.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021#t=2130.0,2160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021/annotation_set/465/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eZionism is a movement which supports a Jewish national state in the territory defined as the Land of Israel. Although Zionism existed before the nineteenth century, in the 1890’s Theodor Herzl popularized it and gave it a new urgency, as he believed that Jewish life in Europe was threatened and a State of Israel was needed.  The State of Israel was established in 1948 and Zionism today is expressed as support for the continued existence of Israel.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021#t=2220.0,2250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021/annotation_set/465/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHebrew for ‘head of the year,’ i.e. New Year festival. The cycle of High Holidays begins with Rosh Ha-Shanah.  It introduces the Ten Days of Penitence, when Jews examine their souls and take stock of their actions. On the tenth day is Yom Kippur, the Day of Atonement. The tradition is that on Rosh Ha-Shanah, God sits in judgment on humanity. Then the fate of every living creature is inscribed in the Book of Life or Death. These decisions may be revoked by prayer and repentance before the sealing of the books on Yom Kippur.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021#t=2220.0,2250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021/annotation_set/465/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHebrew for “order”.  The ritual family meal eaten at home on the first and second nights of Passover, accompanied by the retelling of the story of the Israelites’ exodus from Egypt.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021#t=2220.0,2250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021/annotation_set/465/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA Jewish Community Center or Jewish Community Centre (JCC) is a general recreational, social, and fraternal organization serving Jewish communities in the United States and Canada, as well as in the former Soviet Union, Latin America, Europe, and Israel.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021#t=2280.0,2310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021/annotation_set/465/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePiggly Wiggly®, America's first true self-service grocery store, was founded in Memphis, Tennessee in 1916 by Clarence Saunders. In grocery stores of that time, shoppers presented their orders to clerks who then gathered the goods from the store shelves. Saunders, a dynamic and innovative man, noticed that this method resulted in wasted time and expense, so he came up with an unheard-of solution that would revolutionize the entire grocery industry.  He developed a way for shoppers to serve themselves.  Today there are more than 600 Piggly Wiggly stores serving communities in 17 states.  All Piggly Wiggly® stores are independently owned and operated, and though they are located primarily in the Southeast, there are Piggly Wiggly® stores and as far north as Wisconsin.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021#t=2700.0,2730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021/annotation_set/465/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIn 1963 as Birmingham struggled in the throes of the Civil Rights era, Martin Luther King Jr. made pleas to the Birmingham clergy, including rabbis, to support his marches.  When the Jewish rabbis counseled patience and moderation and asked him to wait for desegregation laws to take effect, King called them out on their perceived passivity in a “Letter from a Birmingham Jail.”  The letter gained national attention and a few weeks later a group of 19 conservative rabbis from the North, outraged by the images they saw on the TV of black protestors being beaten, arrived in Birmingham.  They didn’t tell anyone in the Jewish community they were coming, which angered the rabbis and many Jews in Birmingham.  After talking with King in the Birmingham jail, they toured black churches making speeches of support.  Then they left.  The whole episode appeared high-handed to the Birmingham Jewish community, and they feared an antisemitic backlash from the Ku Klux Klan.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021#t=2910.0,2940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021/annotation_set/465/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIn U.S history, a carpetbagger was a Northerner who moved to the South after the American Civil War, especially during the Reconstruction era (1865–1877), in order to profit from the instability and power vacuum that existed at that time. The term carpetbagger was a pejorative term referring to the carpet bags (a form of luggage at the time) which many of the newcomers carried. The term came to be associated with opportunism and exploitation by outsiders.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021#t=3000.0,3030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021/annotation_set/465/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMilton Louis Grafman (1907-1995) was an American rabbi who led Temple Emanu-El in Birmingham, Alabama from 1941 until his retirement in 1975.   He then served as Rabbi Emeritus from 1975 until his death in 1995. He was one of eight local clergy members who signed a public statement entitled “A Call for Unity,” criticizing the Birmingham Campaign, to which Martin Luther King, Jr. responded in his “Letter from Birmingham Jail.”\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021#t=3030.0,3060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021/annotation_set/465/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Civil Rights Act [PL 88-352) was enacted on July 2, 1964.  It outlawed discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.  It ended unequal application of voter registration requirements and racial segregation in schools, at the workplace and by facilities that served the general public. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021#t=3060.0,3090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021/annotation_set/465/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGefilte fish is an Ashkenazi Jewish dish made from a poached mixture of ground deboned fish, such as carp, whitefish or pike, which is typically eaten as an appetizer.  The dish is popular on the Sabbath and holidays such as Passover, although it may be consumed throughout the year.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021#t=3270.0,3300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021/annotation_set/465/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eChopped liver is a spread popular in Jewish cuisine.  It is made by sautéing chicken livers and onions, seasoning with salt and pepper, sometimes adding hard-boiled eggs, and then grinding that mixture.  Traditionally, the fat used is schmaltz, or rendered chicken fat, although oil is often substituted.  It is usually served as an appretizer with crackers or rye bread. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021#t=3270.0,3300.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021/index/47813","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Janet Reagan [Index]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021/index/47813/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Family Background in Birmingham ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021#t=11.0,1146.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021/index/47813/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":" I would like to begin by asking you when you were born and how your family came to Birmingham [Alabama]","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021#t=11.0,1146.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39551/file/111021/index/47813/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Alabama","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Birmingham","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Father","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Goldstein \u0026 Cohen","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Grandparents","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Judaism","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Parents","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Peddling","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Pizitz","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Sisters","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"synagogue","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Temple Beth - 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