{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/d79571994t/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Hirshberg, Helen Blumenthal"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["1997-09-14 (captured)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["Audio"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eHelen Blumenthal Hirshberg was interviewed by Harriet Meyerhoff on September 14, 1997, in Savannah, Georgia. \u003c/p\u003e (general)","\u003cp\u003eBIOGRAPHY\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e            Helen Blumenthal Hirshberg was born in West Branch, Michigan on September 22, 1997. Her mother was an immigrant from Germany who came to the United States in the 1880s. She ran the family’s department store with her husband. Because of this, Helen’s mother was frequently not at home. While their parents were at work, Helen and her five siblings were attended by a nurse, maid, and a cook, named Tilly. Helen was the third oldest of the six children. The only other Jewish family in West Branch was her paternal uncle’s. Her and her uncle’s families celebrated both the Jewish and Christian holidays every year.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e            Growing up, Helen made friends with Catholic and Protestant Christians, and never experienced any judgment from them. After graduating high school, she attended the Detroit Conservatory of Music, which she disliked. She wanted to become a nurse, against her father’s wishes. She returned to West Branch and began working at her parents’ department store. Helen recalls when she first gained the right to vote in 1920, and she voted for Warren G. Harding in 1921. She voted in every presidential election afterward. \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e            She met her future husband, Bernard Hirshberg, through a cousin on their visit to West Branch. Shortly after the two married, they moved to Cobalt, Ontario, Canada. Cobalt was a small silver mining town and Bernard was researching for a company there. Helen’s first-born son, Simon “Sy” Hirshberg was born there. The mining activity slowed down in the 1930s, and the family moved to Midland, Michigan, where Bernard worked for Dow Chemical Company. The couple’s second child, Frances Hirshberg Wagger, was born there. Eventually, Bernard’s brothers convinced him to open his own pharmacy. The family moved to Gladwin, Michigan, where he entered the drugstore business. The couple’s third child, Bernie Hirshberg, was born there. \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e            Eventually, the family moved to Jacksonville, Florida, where Bernard opened another drugstore. According to Helen, while Bernard was a brilliant man, he was a horrible businessman, so she ran the store while he played the stock market. Their business was across the street from the old Jacksonville courthouse and offered lunch and dinner. Many of the men building Liberty Ships during World War II would stop there for their daily meals. Helen hired a group of African American waitresses at the store, making it one of the first businesses catered to a white clientele to do so in the area. Also, during World War II, Helen’s son, Sy Hirshberg, enlisted in the Navy and fought on the Western Front. Her younger son, Bernie Hirshberg, enlisted nearing the end of the war. Her daughter, Fannie Hirshberg Wagger, served as a secretary to a general.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e            Bernard passed away in 1952, and the family moved to Savannah. At some point after the war, Helen’s eldest son, Sy Hirshberg, passed away, leaving behind a wife and two daughters. Helen had multiple grandchildren, including Susan Wagger Karpf, Margie Wagger Smith. She also had multiple great-grandchildren, including Ben and Suzy Karpf. In October of 1997, Helen herself passed away at the age of 102. \u003c/p\u003e (bioghist)","\u003cp\u003eHelen Blumenthal Hirshberg is the main interviewee, with her son, Bernie Hirshberg, providing some clarification to her responses. Helen begins by discussing how much she loves living in Savannah, Georgia, and compares it to Jacksonville, Florida. She names and talks about her children. \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e            Helen then describes Michigan and West Branch, where she as born. She talks about how she attended the Detroit Conservatory of Music and how her father did not want her to be a nurse. She discusses her brothers and sisters and what it was like growing up in the Blumenthal household. She also describes the lack of Jewish community in West Branch. She also relays some of her experiences of antisemitism. Helen then explains how she met her husband, Bernard Hirshberg. She also explains the social norms around dating at that time and discusses the men she dated before she met her husband. \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e            Then, Helen describes Cobalt, Ontario, Canada, where she and Bernard moved to after they got married. She then briefly talks about how Bernard went to work for Dow Chemical Company in Midland, Michigan. She also talks about her woman and what a good businessperson she was. She continues discussing Cobalt and Bernie describes how the mines shut down. He talks about how his father took a job with Dow Chemical Company, and how the family moved throughout Michigan. Helen continues describing Cobalt and her neighbors there. She also discusses what life was like during World War I.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e            She then discusses what life was like during World War II and the battle where her son, Sy Hirshberg, earned his Silver Star. Helen talks about her family members who were living in Germany when Hitler rose to power. She describes the family’s pharmacy business in Jacksonville and the men who were building the Liberty Ships. Helen and Bernie discuss how she hired African American waitresses and the pushback she received from the community because of it. \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e            Helen then talks about when she got the right to vote and that she voted for Warren G. Harding. She describes the men, both in and out of office, who were against women voting. She also talks about the greed she saw in people after the war ended. She then talks about her favorite restaurants in Savannah and her trip to Chicago in 1915. She describes her family and discusses the secret to living a good, long life. \u003c/p\u003e (scope content)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject"]},"value":{"en":["African Americans (topical term)","African American women. (topical term)","Anti-Catholicism. (topical term)","Antisemitism (topical term)","Automobiles (topical term)","Bavaria (Germany) (geographic term)","Bay City (Mich.) (geographic term)","Bismarck, Otto, Fürst von, 1815-1898. (personal name)","Broadway Theatre (New York, N.Y.) (topical term)","Businesspeople (topical term)","California (geographic term)","Canada (geographic term)","Catholics (topical term)","Chicago (Ill.) (geographic term)","Childhood (topical term)","Christians (topical term)","Christmas (topical term)","Cleaning personnel (topical term)","Cobalt (topical term)","Cobalt (Ont.) (geographic term)","Cobalt mines and mining (topical term)","Conservative Judaism (topical term)","Cooks. (topical term)","Courthouses. (topical term)","Dance (topical term)","Dating (topical term)","Department stores. (topical term)","Detroit (Mich.) (geographic term)","Detroit Conservatory of Music (Detroit, Mich.) (corporate name)","Dow Chemical Company (corporate name)","Draft (topical term)","Education (topical term)","Episcopalians (topical term)","Europe (geographic term)","Feminism (topical term)","Florida (geographic term)","Georgia (geographic term)","Germany (geographic term)","Gladwin (Mich.) (geographic term)","Grandchildren (topical term)","Grandmothers (topical term)","Great-grandmothers (topical term)","Hanukkah (topical term)","Harding, Warren G., 1865-1923. (personal name)","Hirshberg, Bernard “Bernie”, 1892-1952 (personal name)","Hirshberg, Bernard Abraham, 1927-2012. (personal name)","Hirshberg, Helen Blumenthal, 1895-1997. (personal name)","Hirshberg, Simon “Sy” (personal name)","Hitler, Adolph, 1889-1945 (personal name)","Holocaust. (named event)","Hotels (topical term)","Ice cream parlors (topical term)","Illinois (geographic term)","Immigrants--United States. (topical term)","Institutions (topical term)","Jacksonville (Fla.) (geographic term)","Jewish businesspeople (topical term)","Jewish children (topical term)","Jewish congregations (topical term)","Jewish families (topical term)","Jewish marriage customs and rites (topical term)","Jewish men (topical term)","Jewish sects (topical term)","Jewish women (topical term)","Jews, American (topical term)","Jews, German (topical term)","Jews—United States (topical term)","Karpf, Michael L., 1947-. (personal name)","Karpf, Susan Wagger, 1948-2008. (personal name)","Liberty ships. (topical term)","Log cabins. (topical term)","Marriage (topical term)","Marshall Field \u0026amp; Company. (corporate name)","Mediterranean Sea (geographic term)","Methodists (topical term)","Michigan (geographic term)","Midland (Mich.) (geographic term)","Mine closures (topical term)","Misogyny. (topical term)","Motion picture theaters (topical term)","New York (N.Y.) (geographic term)","New York (geographic term)","North Carolina (geographic term)","Nurses (topical term)","Ontario (Canada) (geographic term)","Orthodox Judaism (topical term)","Passover (topical term)","Pharmacists (topical term)","Pharmacy (topical term)","Presbyterians (topical term)","Professors (topical term)","Protestants (topical term)","Rabbis (topical term)","Race (topical term)","Racism (topical term)","Ration cards (topical term)","Reform Judaism (topical term)","Research (topical term)","Restaurants (topical term)","Saginaw (Mich.) (geographic term)","San Francisco (Calif.) (geographic term)","Savannah (Ga.) (geographic term)","Schools (topical term)","Secretaries (topical term)","Segregation (topical term)","Silver (topical term)","Silver mines and mining (topical term)","South Carolina (geographic term)","Suffragists. (topical term)","Switzerland (geographic term)","United States. Army. (corporate name)","United States. Navy. (corporate name)","Universities and colleges. (topical term)","Veterans. (topical term)","Voting. (topical term)","Wagger, Frances Hirshberg, 1921-2015 (personal name)","Waiters. (topical term)","West Branch (Mich.) (geographic term)","Women in Judaism (topical term)","Women's liberation (topical term)","World War I (named event)","World War II (named event)"]}}],"summary":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eHelen Blumenthal Hirshberg was interviewed by Harriet Meyerhoff on September 14, 1997, in Savannah, Georgia.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBIOGRAPHY\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; Helen Blumenthal Hirshberg was born in West Branch, Michigan on September 22, 1997. Her mother was an immigrant from Germany who came to the United States in the 1880s. She ran the family\u0026rsquo;s department store with her husband. Because of this, Helen\u0026rsquo;s mother was frequently not at home. While their parents were at work, Helen and her five siblings were attended by a nurse, maid, and a cook, named Tilly. Helen was the third oldest of the six children. The only other Jewish family in West Branch was her paternal uncle\u0026rsquo;s. Her and her uncle\u0026rsquo;s families celebrated both the Jewish and Christian holidays every year.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; Growing up, Helen made friends with Catholic and Protestant Christians, and never experienced any judgment from them. After graduating high school, she attended the Detroit Conservatory of Music, which she disliked. She wanted to become a nurse, against her father\u0026rsquo;s wishes. She returned to West Branch and began working at her parents\u0026rsquo; department store. Helen recalls when she first gained the right to vote in 1920, and she voted for Warren G. Harding in 1921. She voted in every presidential election afterward.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; She met her future husband, Bernard Hirshberg, through a cousin on their visit to West Branch. Shortly after the two married, they moved to Cobalt, Ontario, Canada. Cobalt was a small silver mining town and Bernard was researching for a company there. Helen\u0026rsquo;s first-born son, Simon \u0026ldquo;Sy\u0026rdquo; Hirshberg was born there. The mining activity slowed down in the 1930s, and the family moved to Midland, Michigan, where Bernard worked for Dow Chemical Company. The couple\u0026rsquo;s second child, Frances Hirshberg Wagger, was born there. Eventually, Bernard\u0026rsquo;s brothers convinced him to open his own pharmacy. The family moved to Gladwin, Michigan, where he entered the drugstore business. The couple\u0026rsquo;s third child, Bernie Hirshberg, was born there.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; Eventually, the family moved to Jacksonville, Florida, where Bernard opened another drugstore. According to Helen, while Bernard was a brilliant man, he was a horrible businessman, so she ran the store while he played the stock market. Their business was across the street from the old Jacksonville courthouse and offered lunch and dinner. Many of the men building Liberty Ships during World War II would stop there for their daily meals. Helen hired a group of African American waitresses at the store, making it one of the first businesses catered to a white clientele to do so in the area. Also, during World War II, Helen\u0026rsquo;s son, Sy Hirshberg, enlisted in the Navy and fought on the Western Front. Her younger son, Bernie Hirshberg, enlisted nearing the end of the war. Her daughter, Fannie Hirshberg Wagger, served as a secretary to a general.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; Bernard passed away in 1952, and the family moved to Savannah. At some point after the war, Helen\u0026rsquo;s eldest son, Sy Hirshberg, passed away, leaving behind a wife and two daughters. Helen had multiple grandchildren, including Susan Wagger Karpf, Margie Wagger Smith. She also had multiple great-grandchildren, including Ben and Suzy Karpf. In October of 1997, Helen herself passed away at the age of 102.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHelen Blumenthal Hirshberg is the main interviewee, with her son, Bernie Hirshberg, providing some clarification to her responses. Helen begins by discussing how much she loves living in Savannah, Georgia, and compares it to Jacksonville, Florida. She names and talks about her children.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; Helen then describes Michigan and West Branch, where she as born. She talks about how she attended the Detroit Conservatory of Music and how her father did not want her to be a nurse. She discusses her brothers and sisters and what it was like growing up in the Blumenthal household. She also describes the lack of Jewish community in West Branch. She also relays some of her experiences of antisemitism. Helen then explains how she met her husband, Bernard Hirshberg. She also explains the social norms around dating at that time and discusses the men she dated before she met her husband.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; Then, Helen describes Cobalt, Ontario, Canada, where she and Bernard moved to after they got married. She then briefly talks about how Bernard went to work for Dow Chemical Company in Midland, Michigan. She also talks about her woman and what a good businessperson she was. She continues discussing Cobalt and Bernie describes how the mines shut down. He talks about how his father took a job with Dow Chemical Company, and how the family moved throughout Michigan. Helen continues describing Cobalt and her neighbors there. She also discusses what life was like during World War I.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; She then discusses what life was like during World War II and the battle where her son, Sy Hirshberg, earned his Silver Star. Helen talks about her family members who were living in Germany when Hitler rose to power. She describes the family\u0026rsquo;s pharmacy business in Jacksonville and the men who were building the Liberty Ships. Helen and Bernie discuss how she hired African American waitresses and the pushback she received from the community because of it.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; Helen then talks about when she got the right to vote and that she voted for Warren G. Harding. She describes the men, both in and out of office, who were against women voting. She also talks about the greed she saw in people after the war ended. She then talks about her favorite restaurants in Savannah and her trip to Chicago in 1915. She describes her family and discusses the secret to living a good, long life.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"]},"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/public/images/audio-default.png","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - Hirshberg_Helen.mp3"]},"duration":3641.46939,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/public/images/audio-default.png","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-thebreman.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/243/176/original/Hirshberg_Helen.mp3?1719169841","type":"Audio","format":"audio/mpeg","duration":3641.46939,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Hirshberg, Helen Blumenthal [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"[start of tape 1, side 1]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=0.0,0.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MEYERHOFF: Today is September 14, 1997, and I am interviewing Helen Blumenthal Hirshberg, who will be 102, September—","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=0.0,12.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"B. HIRSHBERG: 22nd.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=12.0,13.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MEYERHOFF: …22nd, of this year. I am interviewing Helen [Blumenthal Hirshberg] along with her son, Bernie Hirshberg, and the three of us are together. Hello! [memoirist chuckles] Helen [Blumenthal Hirshberg], you’ve had a mighty good life.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=13.0,27.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"H. HIRSHBERG: Yes. I’ve had, I would say, just like most people, some good years and some sad years, which is natural. But, when I came to Savannah [Georgia, United States], I’ve been very happy here. I love the people and I love the city, and I’ll say it. If I was a writer or poet, I’d like to write about Savannah, how I like it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=27.0,69.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MEYERHOFF: What year did you come?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=69.0,72.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"H. HIRSHBERG: Was it 1952, when my husband passed away? We were living in Jacksonville [Florida, United States].","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=72.0,83.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MEYERHOFF: Jacksonville, Florida.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=83.0,84.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"H. HIRSHBERG: Florida [United States], which I never liked particularly because it just wasn’t my idea of the South, and we had some good years and some bad years. We went through the war and I raised my family there. My oldest son, and my daughter, and Bernard [Hirshberg] was the youngest. My oldest son passed away many years ago, leaving a wife and two lovely daughters. My children never gave me any… I can’t say bad years… Everything was good, even when they had measles and mumps and all the little things. They were always mindful of what I wanted them to be: nice, decent children and that’s what they were, every one of them. My oldest son died several years ago.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=84.0,165.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MEYERHOFF: Tell me your children’s names.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=165.0,169.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"H. HIRSHBERG: The oldest was named Simon [“Sy” Hirshberg] for a brother on his father’s side. My daughter was named for my grandmother. Her name was Fannie and I named her Frances [Hirshberg Wagger]. Bernard [Hirshberg] was named for my father: the loveliest, sweetest, nicest man anybody would want to meet. Those were my three children. Unfortunately, I lost my oldest son. Died several years ago and I’m living with Bernard [Hirshberg] and Frances [Hirshberg Wagger] who is living here with her husband.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=169.0,219.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MEYERHOFF: Frances Wagger?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=219.0,221.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"H. HIRSHBERG: She loves the South, too, just like I do.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=221.0,227.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MEYERHOFF: Okay.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=227.0,228.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"H. HIRSHBERG: It was… I couldn’t tell you… When I lived in Jacksonville, it was a big disappointment. It wasn’t the South. Savannah is. It’s the people, the city and everything about it. I’m very happy here.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=228.0,257.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MEYERHOFF: How would you say the Jewish community in Savannah? How did the Jewish community in Savannah treat you, or how was it different in Savannah than Jacksonville and in the North?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=257.0,270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"H. HIRSHBERG: I think Savannah was much warmer. I went to the Reform temple in Jacksonville. People were not friendly. They were friendly, but you never got to know anybody very close. When I came here, it just was like I came home. People were friendly and I have a lot of Jewish friends. I have a lot of Christian friends. I really couldn’t say anything unkind about Savannah. It’s a warm, lovely city, the city itself and the people. They smile at you and speak to you when you walk down the street, and you don’t know them. A friend of mine says…visiting me says, “Mrs. [Helen Blumenthal] Hirshberg, you know an awful lot of people.” I said, “I don’t know a one. They just smile and say, ‘Hi.’” She couldn’t get over the friendliness of the city. People you don’t know smile at you and speak to you and—","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=270.0,365.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MEYERHOFF: Tell me, all right, you were born where?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=365.0,370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"H. HIRSHBERG: In—","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=370.0,371.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MEYERHOFF: Where were you born?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=371.0,372.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"H. HIRSHBERG: Oh, I was born in a little town in Michigan, called West Branch [Michigan, United States]. It was near, the nearest city like Savannah. You’d get to go in there and they used to get good, if…they had good plays from Broadway, a bunch of the women would drive to this city and we’d take in a play and dinner, and then drive back. It was just about 30 miles then. I liked living in Gladwin [Michigan, United States]. We—","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=372.0,415.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"B. HIRSHBERG: No.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=415.0,416.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"H. HIRSHBERG: …bought a business there—","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=416.0,417.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"B. HIRSHBERG: That wasn’t where you were born.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=417.0,419.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"H. HIRSHBERG: No, I was born in West Branch.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=419.0,421.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"B. HIRSHBERG: Tell about your town, the town that you—","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=421.0,423.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"H. HIRSHBERG: A small, little town on a river. My father had a department store and he and my mother ran the business with help. I went to school and graduated and went to Detroit [Michigan, United States] to the Conservatory of Voice and Piano, and hated every moment of it…[memoirist laughs]…and called my father that I wanted to come home because I wanted to be a nurse. He said, “You may come home, but no nurse.” [memoirist laughs] I came home, and they had this large store, and I became one of his salesladies. I liked it. I liked living in a small town where you know everybody and everybody knows you. From the day I was born until I married, I lived in this little town. Then, when I married, I moved to Ontario [Canada].","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=423.0,500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MEYERHOFF: What—","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=500.0,501.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"H. HIRSHBERG: My husband was doing research work. That’s a cold winter city. You don’t have much summer.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=501.0,516.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MEYERHOFF: Helen [Blumenthal Hirshberg], let’s go back to West Branch. How many brothers and sisters did you have?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=516.0,522.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"H. HIRSHBERG: Huh?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=522.0,523.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MEYERHOFF: Tell me about your brothers and sisters.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=523.0,525.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"H. HIRSHBERG: There were six children. I was the third daughter, and there was a son, and another daughter, and another son. My father had this big business and my mother went to business with him. We always had three people working: a nurse taking care of the children, a cook, and another maid. I don’t know what it was to go in the kitchen or cook a meal. When I learned… Not from my mother… My mother couldn’t cook. She was in business or at work. …from our cook, called Tilly, who was with us 45 years, besides the two other women that worked, until we began to grow up. Mother wanted us to learn to take care of our own rooms and things like that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=525.0,597.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MEYERHOFF: Were there many Jewish families in West Branch?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=597.0,600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"H. HIRSHBERG: There was one other family: a brother of my father who had a men’s shop. It was two families was all, but we celebrated the holidays for the Christian ones and the Jewish ones, and my girlfriends used to say, “You’re lucky! You can celebrate two…Christmas and Hanukkah, and everything that was Christian and everything that was Jewish.” But we knew we were Jewish. Despite the fact there was no temple, we learned all about the holidays, we celebrated Passover and Hanukkah, and all the Jewish holidays.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=600.0,662.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MEYERHOFF: Do you ever remember any antisemitism growing up?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=662.0,668.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"H. HIRSHBERG: Do I remember—","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=668.0,671.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MEYERHOFF: Any problems being Jewish?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=671.0,675.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"H. HIRSHBERG: No, I don’t. If there was, it never happened to me.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=675.0,684.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"B. HIRSHBERG: Mother, tell Harriet [Meyerhoff] the story about the girl who spent the summer in West Branch and you and your Catholic friends and…[Bernie Hirshberg laughs]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=684.0,696.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"H. HIRSHBERG: It was kind of a resort city, and a man was traveling… Brought his wife and daughter to live in the little hotel, which was cheap in a small town, and they called me, because the woman was a good friend of mother, and said she had a little girl there and would I kindly take her into the crowd. I invited her and all these friends… I think there were four or five of us. In a small town there isn’t much to do. You walk around the block and go to the park and take in a movie. I introduced this girl from Chicago [Illinois, United States] to my friends and she said, “You know, there are two people…two things I don’t like. One are the Catholics, the other are the Jews.” My Catholic friends looked at me, and I looked at her, and I said, “Well, girls, I think we’re in the wrong pew. We’d better take our friend back to the hotel. She doesn’t like you. You’re a Catholic. She doesn’t like me. I’m a Jew.” We took her back to the hotel and, of course, the woman called my mother—the woman that owned the hotel was a good friend of my mother’s—and she tells about this little girl coming home with tears in her eyes and my mother said, “What happened? Because Helen [Blumenthal Hirshberg] isn’t a mean person.” Mrs. Rowe said, “She doesn’t like Catholics and she doesn’t Jews.” My mother said, “Fine. Let her find somebody else…[memoirist laughs]…that isn’t a Catholic or isn’t a Jew, because I’m not going to ask my daughter to associate with people that narrow.” She found some grubby people…[memoirist laughs]…and that was my first experience of anybody ever saying anything that wasn’t kind about Jews, because we were the only Jewish family, besides my uncle, and it was just as if I was like… I had Catholic friends, and Methodist friends, and an Episcopal friend, and never once did I hear them say, “You dirty Jew!” Never once, except this one that came from Chicago.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=696.0,895.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MEYERHOFF: How did you meet a Jewish man?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=895.0,899.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"H. HIRSHBERG: A cousin of mine was going to visit his father’s relatives and his mother’s relatives, and he had… His uncle was married to my mother’s aunt, and he asked if he could bring his friend. My mother said, “Sure, we got a big house. He’s welcome to come.” That’s how I met this other young, Jewish man…[memoirist laughs]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=899.0,939.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MEYERHOFF: Okay.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=939.0,940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"H. HIRSHBERG: But he wasn’t the man I married. I met him and I began to meet other Jewish young men that had businesses around. It was miracle because there were no Jews, except these young men that would come in, maybe on a buying trip or something, and that’s how I met my cousin…my husband, because his aunt and my mother’s were sisters, but we were no relation. The kids used to get mixed. I said, “No, we have the same cousins but we’re not cousins.” [memoirist laughs]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=940.0,994.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MEYERHOFF: Helen [Blumenthal Hirshberg], tell me about dating, or courtship, when you were single.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=994.0,1003.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"H. HIRSHBERG: Oh, I had a lot of young Jewish friends that I’d meet and I… They’d come to West Branch and we’d date, and—","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=1003.0,1017.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MEYERHOFF: Where did you—","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=1017.0,1018.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"H. HIRSHBERG: …finally I met this man that I married, whose aunt and my mother were sisters.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=1018.0,1029.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MEYERHOFF: Where did boys and girls go on a date? What was considered a date?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=1029.0,1036.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"H. HIRSHBERG: You’d go to a movie or you’d walk around the street, and go to an ice cream parlor and get ice cream. It was not very exciting.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=1036.0,1050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"B. HIRSHBERG: You used to like to dance, though, didn’t you?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=1050.0,1052.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"H. HIRSHBERG: Oh, yes. We always had dances on Saturday. We had a marvelous orchestra and all these young Jewish men would come and take in these dances. That’s how I met the man I married, because he came with my cousin, and we were introduced and that’s how I met him.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=1052.0,1081.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MEYERHOFF: Were… Was it okay to hold hands in public? Could you hold hands in public—","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=1081.0,1088.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"H. HIRSHBERG: Oh, yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=1088.0,1089.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MEYERHOFF: …with your boyfriend?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=1089.0,1091.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"H. HIRSHBERG: Yes. I had boyfriends and dated boyfriends until I was about 16, I think it was. I was… It was like you were going steady, and I looked at him one day and I said, “Walter, you’re Catholic, aren’t you?” He says, “What are you getting at?” I said, “Walter, you’re Catholic and I’m Jewish, and we like each other, but you’re not going to marry a Jew and I’m not going to marry a Catholic, so I think we’d better play the field and quit this going steady.” That was how it happened. I began dating all these other young men that would come in and go to the dances and things like that. But it wasn’t an exciting life. But we used to go to, like I said, a town like Savannah. There was a town called Saginaw [Michigan, United States] and one, Bay City [Michigan, United States], and they had a nice Jewish population. We used to go all the time on the holidays and meet with the Jewish people. That’s how I met…married…the man I married.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=1091.0,1186.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MEYERHOFF: Now, when you married him, did they use chuppahs then? Did you… Were you married under a chuppah?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=1186.0,1196.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"H. HIRSHBERG: Yes. The rabbi came from Detroit and we had a real Jewish marriage and then our home was in a city called Cobalt, Ontario [Canada], a silver mining town. Very countrified. It wasn’t like a city. People were… They just weren’t… I think if they opened a book, it’d be a miracle, except for maybe a teacher, or somebody like that. But I lived there and my oldest son was born in Canada.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=1196.0,1248.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MEYERHOFF: Why did you move to Canada? What did your husband do?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=1248.0,1250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"H. HIRSHBERG: Because he was doing research work for a company in this town called Cobalt and my first child was born in Canada. My second child, the daughter, was born in a city called Midland [Michigan, United States], where it was one of the biggest research, chemical cities in the United States.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=1250.0,1282.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"B. HIRSHBERG: Dow Chemical.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=1282.0,1283.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MEYERHOFF: Dow Chemical?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=1283.0,1284.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"H. HIRSHBERG: That’s where I met my husband. He was doing research work there, and then his brother said, “You’re crazy to work for somebody else. Why don’t you go back to college and take up drugs, buy a drugstore, and go in business for yourself?” I said to him, “Honey, you’re a good man but you’re a rotten businessman. You’ll never be a good businessman.” He never was. I had to run the business. He liked to do research.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=1284.0,1327.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MEYERHOFF: Well, your mother was a very good businesswoman.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=1327.0,1330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"H. HIRSHBERG: Was my—","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=1330.0,1331.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MEYERHOFF: Your mother was a good businesswoman.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=1331.0,1332.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"H. HIRSHBERG: Oh, my mother was a very good businessman and went to business with my father. As I said, we were brought up by the nurse, and the cook, and the other maid. The only time we’d see my mother would be at dinner with my father, or we’d go to the store, but we didn’t have that mother-daughter…like you would if your mother was home. Then they… I never saw my mother in the kitchen. I don’t think she could boil water. [memoirist laughs]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=1332.0,1370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MEYERHOFF: She sounds like a woman of the 1990's. She sounds more like a woman of today…","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=1370.0,1377.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"H. HIRSHBERG: Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=1377.0,1378.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MEYERHOFF: …who is never in the kitchen.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=1378.0,1379.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"H. HIRSHBERG: No, mother was never in the kitchen. They… I don’t think she could have gotten up a meal. Maybe on Sunday she could open a can of sardines…[memoirist laughs]…or salmon or something—","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=1379.0,1393.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MEYERHOFF: She was an—","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=1393.0,1394.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"H. HIRSHBERG: …but my mother couldn’t cook.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=1394.0,1395.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MEYERHOFF: She was an early women’s libber.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=1395.0,1397.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"H. HIRSHBERG: She was a very good businesswoman, and took care of her bookkeeping and things that had to be done in the store, and they both did the buying. They’d go to Chicago, they’d go to New York [City, New York, United States] and do the buying.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=1397.0,1420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MEYERHOFF: What was the means of travel, as early as you can remember? When they went on buying trips.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=1420.0,1427.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"H. HIRSHBERG: They’d have to take a train. There wasn’t an automobile. When they got the first one, belonged to the doctor and we used to pay his chauffeur a quarter to drive us around the block. That’s how… A car was really something different. Everything was horses. When you’d go any place, you’d rent a team of horses and go to the country to visit the farmers, for dinners or suppers or things, but it was…a car was, oh, something wonderful. We used to pay him a quarter to drive us around the block a couple times.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=1427.0,1486.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MEYERHOFF: Helen [Blumenthal Hirshberg], in your younger days, when you were a young girl, were there types…three levels of Judaism, would you say there was Reformed, Orthodox, and Conservative then?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=1486.0,1501.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"H. HIRSHBERG: Yes. There was no other, just another family.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=1501.0,1506.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"B. HIRSHBERG: She didn’t understand—","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=1506.0,1507.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"H. HIRSHBERG: But I never had, except from this other girl, had an unkind word about being Jewish.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=1507.0,1517.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MEYERHOFF: Did—","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=1517.0,1518.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"H. HIRSHBERG: In fact, they used to say, “I wish I was Jewish.” I’d say, “Well, why do you want to be a Jew?” “Because you have your holidays and our holidays. But we only have our holidays; we don’t have yours.” We used to say, “Wish I was Jewish because I could have that extra holiday that we have.” But as far as anything unkind, I never heard an unkind word like, “Oh, you old damn Jew,” or something like that. Never.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=1518.0,1560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MEYERHOFF: When you left Canada, where did you move?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=1560.0,1565.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"H. HIRSHBERG: Canada—","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=1565.0,1566.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MEYERHOFF: After you left Canada.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=1566.0,1567.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"H. HIRSHBERG: We lived in the city and it was awful. It was a real dirty… Couldn’t make friends, and so I asked my husband if he could get a little home on the property. We had a log cabin. We didn’t have a bathroom. It was… No running water. It was primitive and we used to bring in a tub so that they could wash the clothes and in the winter we’d set it down by the kitchen range to keep warm when we had our bath every day. It was primitive, but we were…didn’t know any better. We were born there, and raised there, and our friends were there. I used to wonder, “Will I ever meet a nice Jewish man?” in this little town. I met lot of them, but, boy, some of them thought they were Jesus…[interviewer laughs]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=1567.0,1650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"B. HIRSHBERG: Jewish—","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=1650.0,1651.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"H. HIRSHBERG: …because they were the only Jews. I used to say to my mother, “I guess I won’t be married to a Jew—”","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=1651.0,1659.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"B. HIRSHBERG: …You moved.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=1659.0,1660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"H. HIRSHBERG: …only a Christian.” And my mother would have a fit. She says, “You’ll meet one, one day, you’ll see.” I never thought I would meet a Jewish man that I would marry, until I met the man that I married and it was just, both of us… It was love at first sight. We married, and as I say, he did research work, and we moved to Ontario, where he was doing research. From there we moved to Florida, and he went away and took up being a druggist.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=1660.0,1710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MEYERHOFF: Okay. One minute. [tape clicks]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=1710.0,1713.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"B. HIRSHBERG: Mother, I’m going to talk for a minute.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=1713.0,1714.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MEYERHOFF: After Helen [Blumenthal Hirshberg] and her husband left Ontario, Bernie [Hirshberg], tell me what happened.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=1714.0,1721.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"B. HIRSHBERG: The mines closed down, if I remember correctly. Mother—","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=1721.0,1725.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"H. HIRSHBERG: I left—","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=1725.0,1726.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"B. HIRSHBERG: …it right after World War I.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=1726.0,1727.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"H. HIRSHBERG: I don’t think my two oldest brothers and sister really realized they were Jewish, because they had never known anything different.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=1727.0,1742.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"B. HIRSHBERG: Mother, I’m going to talk about when the mines closed down in Canada—","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=1742.0,1748.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"H. HIRSHBERG: Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=1748.0,1749.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"B. HIRSHBERG: …Dad took a job as a research chemist with Dow Chemical in Midland, Michigan, which is near Bay City and Saginaw.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=1749.0,1758.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"H. HIRSHBERG: He was a very brilliant man.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=1758.0,1764.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"B. HIRSHBERG: All right. Then Frances [Hirshberg Wagger] was born in Midland.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=1764.0,1766.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"H. HIRSHBERG: Yes. Frances [Hirshberg Wagger] was born there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=1766.0,1768.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"B. HIRSHBERG: That’s when he…his brothers decided that he should go in business for himself. He went to take, to be certified in pharmacy—","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=1768.0,1778.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"H. HIRSHBERG: That’s right.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=1778.0,1779.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"B. HIRSHBERG: …and you opened a drugstore in Gladwin, Michigan, a little town close to where she was born.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=1779.0,1784.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"H. HIRSHBERG: How long were we in Gladwin? You grew up there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=1784.0,1789.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"B. HIRSHBERG: No, I didn’t grow up there, Mother. I left there when I was 5 years old. You moved to Gladwin around 1923 and left in 1932. About nine or ten years.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=1789.0,1802.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"H. HIRSHBERG: If you never lived in a small town, you became… They had a literary club there, the ladies, and then there was a mid… [tape clicks]\r\n[end of tape 1, side 1]\r\n[start of tape 1, side 2]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=1802.0,1819.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MEYERHOFF: Side two, testing. Tell me about your experience in Cobalt, Canada.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=1819.0,1825.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"H. HIRSHBERG: As I said, it was a typical mining town and we moved to the property and there was all these gold mines and silver mines, but very few people, I think, that ever read a book or anything. I lived between a Southern Methodist, and what was…? The other was Catholic—","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=1825.0,1856.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"B. HIRSHBERG: Presbyterian.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=1856.0,1857.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"H. HIRSHBERG: …but they never liked each other. If one of them would come to my house, as soon as she’d leave, the other one would run over to see what she had to say. I always said, “We’re good friends.” That was it, and I kept good friends with both of them. But the Catholic woman really was the nicest. She had two little boys and they were everyday callers, and I said to their mother one day, I said, “I don’t know if it’s me or the candy bars.” [memoirist and interviewer laugh] I said I always had the candy bars for them because sugar was almost impossible, and white bread, you very seldom saw.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=1857.0,1910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"B. HIRSHBERG: It’s because of World War I.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=1910.0,1911.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MEYERHOFF: Was that because of the war?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=1911.0,1912.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"B. HIRSHBERG: World War I.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=1912.0,1913.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MEYERHOFF: Tell me more about during the war, what it was like at home.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=1913.0,1918.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"H. HIRSHBERG: That was… It was very hard to get anything like candy bars, or things like that, because they…everything was rationed. If you had an extra card, that was wonderful. You’d get an extra candy bar for somebody. I always had a lot of candy bars for my husband and myself. Men that worked with him that didn’t want candy, they used to give him their ration cards, so I always had a lot of candy. These kids used to come every day, and I knew they wanted a candy bar. [memoirist laughs]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=1918.0,1972.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MEYERHOFF: Did your husband… Was your husband in the war? Any war?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=1972.0,1978.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"H. HIRSHBERG: He was deaf and they, neither the Canada or the United States, would take him—","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=1978.0,1990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MEYERHOFF: Ah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=1990.0,1991.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"H. HIRSHBERG: …because he was deaf. But he did work. He wasn’t… They wouldn’t take him in the Army, either one, because of his hearing. He was almost totally deaf, and so he was doing work as others were being in the Army or the Navy, and he did his share that way. But he was almost totally deaf. And…","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=1991.0,2036.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MEYERHOFF: How did people at home get news of the war? Was it…? Did you depend on the newspaper or the radio?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=2036.0,2049.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"H. HIRSHBERG: I—","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=2049.0,2050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"B. HIRSHBERG: How did your mail? How did you get the news—","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=2050.0,2052.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"H. HIRSHBERG: Oh—","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=2052.0,2053.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"B. HIRSHBERG: …of the outside world?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=2053.0,2054.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"H. HIRSHBERG: …by dog team. The mail came in… This man had four dogs, and he went in town and got the mail.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=2054.0,2066.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MEYERHOFF: Oh.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=2066.0,2067.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"H. HIRSHBERG: I’d go out and feed the four dogs and… Oh, the man that brought the mail said, “He knows your house; he can’t wait.” I’d give the dogs the candy. He said, “When they almost get there, they move!” They wanted to get the candy. But—","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=2067.0,2096.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MEYERHOFF: Moving on to World War II, what was it like at home? What did the Jewish families hear about [Adolph] Hitler?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=2096.0,2109.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"H. HIRSHBERG: Oh. We’d hear… That was… When I was living there, there was radio.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=2109.0,2117.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MEYERHOFF: Where were you living then?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=2117.0,2119.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"B. HERSHBERG: During World War II?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=2119.0,2120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"H. HIRSHBERG: On the property, but we’d get all the news…","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=2120.0,2126.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"B. HIRSHBIRG: Wait a minute… [tape clicks]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=2126.0,2128.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MEYERHOFF: Wait, Bernie [Hirshberg], tell me—","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=2128.0,2129.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"H. HIRSHBERG: My oldest son—","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=2129.0,2130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MEYERHOFF: …about the war days. Why don’t you start—","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=2130.0,2133.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"H. HIRSHBERG: My oldest son was—","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=2133.0,2134.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MEYERHOFF: Okay.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=2134.0,2135.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"H. HIRSHBERG: …in Germany and they were doing work in the Navy, carrying things back and forth, and they were accosted by the Germans. Ought…They had to just jump their ship, and they’d run into the lake, and they swam, around the bend—","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=2135.0,2171.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"B. HIRSHBERG: Well—","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=2171.0,2172.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"H. HIRSHBERG: …until the—","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=2172.0,2173.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"B. HIRSHBERG: …it was the Mediterranean—","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=2173.0,2174.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"H. HIRSHBERG: …British—","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=2174.0,2175.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"B. HIRSHBERG: …but it was—","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=2175.0,2176.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"H. HIRSHBERG: …came in and rescued them… Rescued all these men that just sunk their own ship so the Germans couldn’t have it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=2176.0,2187.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MEYERHOFF: Where did that happen, Bernie [Hirshberg]?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=2187.0,2189.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"B. HIRSHBERG: In the Mediterranean.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=2189.0,2190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"H. HIRSHBERG: He really saw—","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=2190.0,2191.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MEYERHOFF: Okay. That was your brother, Sy [Hirshberg]?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=2191.0,2193.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"H. HIRSHBERG: He saw… Won the first Silver Star for bravery. When he told me about swimming around, I said, “How did you stay?” He said, “We had to keep ourselves up.” The Germans thought they had drowned and left, and the British came in and rescued these men that were just swimming back and forth. They had no place to go. When I found his book, his log, I was astounded at the things he had done while he was an officer in the United States Navy. I found his log and it read like a book. He said, “How did you get hold of it?” I said, “It was in your dresser drawer.” [memoirist laughs]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=2193.0,2263.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MEYERHOFF: Helen [Blumenthal Hirshberg], were you able to send either boy packages from home when in the… When they were away?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=2263.0,2273.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"H. HIRSHBERG: Was I able to…?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=2273.0,2277.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MEYERHOFF: Send them packages from home?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=2277.0,2278.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"H. HIRSHBERG: Oh yes, I could send… I don’t know if they always got it, but I sent what I could, every time I could. Bernard [Hirshberger] was still in school and he enlisted, and about the time he graduated the war was over, so he didn’t have to. You did get to San Francisco [California, United States]—","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=2278.0,2309.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"B. HIRSHBERG: Yes, I did, Mother. Before the war was over.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=2309.0,2311.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"H. HIRSHBERG: …but it wasn’t… My oldest son saw a lot of—","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=2311.0,2314.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"B. HIRSHBERG: The most of—","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=2314.0,2315.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"H. HIRSHBERG: …A lot of—","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=2315.0,2316.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"B. HIRSHBERG: …the war was almost over then.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=2316.0,2318.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"H. HIRSHBERG: …war—","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=2318.0,2319.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"B. HIRSHBERG: But Sy [Hirshberg]—","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=2319.0,2320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"H. HIRSHBERG: …and Frances [Hirshberg Wagger]—","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=2320.0,2321.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"B. HIRSHBERG: …was in the war before [indistinct: 38.42]—","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=2321.0,2322.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"H. HIRSHBERG: …was the secretary of a general. All three of mine were in the Army, the Navy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=2322.0,2330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MEYERHOFF: Helen [Blumenthal Hirshberg], where were you when you heard about [Adolph] Hitler and the problems with the Jews in Europe?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=2330.0,2341.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"H. HIRSHBERG: Was… We were in—","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=2341.0,2343.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"B. HIRSHBERG: Jacksonville. Jacksonville.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=2343.0,2345.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"H. HIRSHBERG: Jacksonville, when we heard about [Adolph] Hitler and all the things that was happening.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=2345.0,2354.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MEYERHOFF: Did you have any family living in Europe at that time?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=2354.0,2358.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"H. HIRSHBERG: Oh, yes, my mother’s people. Mother did not hear from them for a long time and, finally, she heard from Switzerland, where they finally got taken in by a Swiss family. Mother didn’t know where they were or…because no mail came out of Germany.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=2358.0,2386.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"B. HIRSHBERG: She had one… All the whole family was over here, including your Grandma’s…including your great…your grandmother. Though Grandma had one brother in Germany. Grandma’s father was a professor in a small German university and Grandma was one of 13 children, wasn’t she?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=2386.0,2410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"H. HIRSHBERG: Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=2410.0,2411.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"B. HIRSHBERG: Okay. All of the children, except one brother, came to this country.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=2411.0,2417.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"H. HIRSHBERG: They were very lucky.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=2417.0,2418.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"B. HIRSHBERG: But… No, wait a minute. Grandma came to this country in 1880 something, because we have her shipping, her diary, and her passenger list, and Grandpa came over from Germany in the early 1860's because he didn’t want to serve in [Otto Von] Bismarck’s army. But there was one… I understand, one brother. Grandma had one brother in Germany when Hitler came to power. I’m not sure… You said he went to Switzerland. Okay. They were in south… They were in Bavaria [Germany], so they… But most of the… That was—","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=2418.0,2459.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"H. HIRSHBERG: No, mother didn’t hear from them or anything.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=2459.0,2464.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MEYERHOFF: Your father… Your husband had a drugstore in Jacksonville, is that right?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=2464.0,2471.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"H. HIRSHBERG: Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=2471.0,2472.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MEYERHOFF: Where was—","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=2472.0,2473.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"H. HIRSHBERG: We came to Jacksonville and he bought a drugstore and he was supposed to run the store, but he did not like business. He was a rotten businessman himself, and I ran the business, and he played the stock market. He’d go at 10:30 in the morning, from 10:30 to 5:30 and play the market, and I ran the business. If it hadn’t been for me, I don’t know what would have happened, because that was our bread and butter. They were making Liberty Ships, and had to pass the store, and I got all that business. They’d come in for lunch, and they’d come in for dinner, and they’d order food. [tape clicks—","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=2473.0,2541.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MEYERHOFF: Bernie [Hirshberg], explain Liberty Ships.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=2541.0,2543.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/187","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"B. HIRSHBERG: A Liberty Ship was a cargo ship that was made during World War II.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=2543.0,2549.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/188","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"H. HIRSHBERG: And then… [indistinct: 42.31]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=2549.0,2550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/189","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"B. HIRSHBERG: There were shipyards here making Liberty Ships. There were shipyards in Jacksonville, all up and down the East Coast. They would turn out at least one ship a day. They were made very cheaply, and they were made by workers mainly from North and South Carolina, working in—","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=2550.0,2569.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/190","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"H. HIRSHBERG: And they—","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=2569.0,2570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"B. HIRSHBERG: …these shipyards.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=2570.0,2571.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"H. HIRSHBERG: We got all their business—","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=2571.0,2573.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/193","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"B. HIRSHBERG: They carried all of the cargo—","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=2573.0,2574.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/194","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"H. HIRSHBERG: …for their lunches and their dinner. I was cooking—","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=2574.0,2576.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"B. HIRSHBERG: …and—","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=2576.0,2577.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/196","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"H. HIRSHBERG: …at night and my husband was bringing the food, roast beef or ham. I can’t tell you all the stuff I fixed at home and they’d make sandwiches out of it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=2577.0,2594.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"B. HIRSHBERG: When the war ended, of course, the shipyards closed down. But they were cheaply made, some of them didn’t…sank before they got into the ocean, but it did the job. [tape clicks] When—","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=2594.0,2610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MEYERHOFF: During the time… Go ahead.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=2610.0,2612.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/199","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"B. HIRSHBERG: During World War II, of course, the South was highly segregated, as you know. In the drugstore, when they served meals—","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=2612.0,2622.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/200","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MEYERHOFF: In Jacksonville.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=2622.0,2623.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"B. HIRSHBERG: In Jacksonville.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=2623.0,2624.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"H. HIRSHBERG: I said—","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=2624.0,2625.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"B. HIRSHBERG: Wait a minute, Mother. Let… I just want to get something… You had… I talked to… You had all white help.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=2625.0,2632.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"H. HIRSHBERG: Ah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=2632.0,2633.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/205","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"B. HIRSHBERG: But when the war came, it was very difficult to get help. The white girls that were working in the store spent most of the time talking to the men in the booth instead of doing their jobs. [interviewer laughs]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=2633.0,2647.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/206","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"H. HIRSHBERG: They were a problem.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=2647.0,2648.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"B. HIRSHBERG: Mother closed up the store one day, advertised in the paper that they were employing Black women in the drugstore—","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=2648.0,2660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"H. HIRSHBERG: Six of them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=2660.0,2661.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/209","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"B. HIRSHBERG: …and they were hired the next day, and the store reopened. At first, some of the… The drugstore was right across from the courthouse, the old courthouse in Jacksonville. At first, some of the old-timers didn’t like the idea of being waited on by Black women, but they soon got used to it. I think probably your store, the store was the first store in Jacksonville that served…that employed Black women to wait on the customers.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=2661.0,2696.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MEYERHOFF: It sounds to me that Helen [Blumenthal Hirshberg]—","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=2696.0,2697.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"H. HIRSHBERG: They all fussed at me, and I looked at the man and I said, “You just had a new baby, didn’t you?” He said, “Yes.” I said, “Who’s taking care of the baby?” He looked at me kind of funny. He said, “Why, a Black woman.” I said, “You object to eating what the Black woman prepares, but let them feed your baby?” He looked at me and he said, “I guess you’re right. I never looked at it that way.” I said, “These are nice colored girls. I interviewed every one of them.” They all had their health cards, everything they needed to work in the drugstore, and I spent a whole week training them at the house, telling them serve and how to treat the customer. They were great. There was never another word said when I asked who took care of his baby.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=2697.0,2777.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MEYERHOFF: I want to say on the record that it sounds like Helen [Blumenthal Hirshberg] and her mother were both women ahead of their days, ahead of their time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=2777.0,2785.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/213","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"B. HIRSHBERG: One other thing you might…[Bernie Hirshberg laughs]…Do you remember when you first got the right to vote?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=2785.0,2791.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"H. HIRSHBERG: Oh, yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=2791.0,2793.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MEYERHOFF: Tell me about that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=2793.0,2794.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"B. HIRSHBERG: Do you remember? [Bernie Hirshberg, memoirist, and interviewer laugh]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=2794.0,2796.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/217","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"H. HIRSHBERG: When we went, there was three of us women that went in the afternoon. The men were sitting together and passing real nasty remarks because the women were going to vote. I looked at him and I said, “Who does your cooking in your house?” I said, “Who does your cleaning, and who looks after your children?” [tape clicks]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=2796.0,2830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/218","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MEYERHOFF: Going back to—","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=2830.0,2831.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/219","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"B. HIRSHBERG: Wait a minute—","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=2831.0,2832.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/220","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"H. HIRSHBERG: …get them the vote.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=2832.0,2834.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/221","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MEYERHOFF: …women’s right to vote in Jacksonville.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=2834.0,2837.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/222","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"B. HIRSHBERG: No, this was in… This was in Michigan, 1920 something—","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=2837.0,2841.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/223","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MEYERHOFF: All right.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=2841.0,2842.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/224","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"B. HIRSHBERG: in Gladwin.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=2842.0,2843.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/225","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MEYERHOFF: Tell me about when you were first able to vote as a woman.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=2843.0,2848.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/226","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"H. HIRSHBERG: It was the men…really made it hard. They were very insulting, as if you didn’t know your ABC’s, and that’s when I got real angry and I asked, “Who took care of his baby?”","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=2848.0,2867.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/227","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"B. HIRSHBERG: Mother, let me… [tape clicks] You said when you first got to vote there were some men in this small town and they’d make fun of the women who were voting. Some of them held offices, didn’t they?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=2867.0,2877.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/228","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"H. HIRSHBERG: Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=2877.0,2878.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/229","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"B. HIRSHBERG: When the women started voting, did you vote for these people? Did you vote for these men?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=2878.0,2885.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/230","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"H. HIRSHBERG: No.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=2885.0,2886.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/231","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"B. HIRSHBERG: What happened to them?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=2886.0,2888.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/232","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"H. HIRSHBERG: They lost! [memoirist and interviewer laugh] They couldn’t understand why. He said to me, “Why, your husband has always voted for me.” I said, “My husband and I don’t see eye to eye. I vote my way…[interviewer laughs]…he votes his. If you vote… If you do what I would like you to do while you’re in office, you’ll get my vote. Otherwise, no way. I won’t vote for you.” I said, “I’m not the only woman.” I said, “You men have had it pretty good. You’re going to find out what it’s like when the women get at the polls. You’re not going to be so…” I said, “You’re going to find a lot of women holding your job.”","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=2888.0,2949.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/233","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MEYERHOFF: Helen [Blumethal Hirshberg], did you vote for Judge Michael Karpf? [Bernie Hershberg laughs]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=2949.0,2954.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/234","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"H. HIRSHBERG: Did I…?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=2954.0,2955.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/235","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"B. HIRSHBERG: Did you vote for Judge [Michael] Karpf, when he ran? Susan’s [Wagger Karpf’s] husband. You didn’t vote for Michael? You didn’t vote for Buzzy?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=2955.0,2964.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/236","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"H. HIRSHBERG: [tape clicks]…I don’t remember now.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=2964.0,2968.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/237","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"B. HIRSHBERG: Was it [Warren G.] Harding?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=2968.0,2971.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/238","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"H. HIRSHBERG: I voted from the minute we had the vote. I never missed a vote.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=2971.0,2977.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/239","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MEYERHOFF: Who was the first president you voted for?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=2977.0,2980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/240","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"H. HIRSHBERG: That’s what I’m trying to think. If you could name some of them—","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=2980.0,2985.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/241","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"B. HIRSHBERG: I think [Warren G.] Har…[tape cuts]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=2985.0,2986.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/242","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MEYERHOFF: Tell me about [Warren G.] Harding.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=2986.0,2988.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/243","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"H. HIRSHBERG: [Warren G.] Harding was a very poor president and he was a cheat. He did things that were not lawful, and we learned a lesson. When the next election came, we began to study whoever was up—","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=2988.0,3019.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/244","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"B. HIRSHBERG: You voted—","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=3019.0,3020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/245","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"H. HIRSHBERG: We read their background.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=3020.0,3021.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/246","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"B. HIRSHBERG: You voted then for every president. You voted in every presidential election since Warren [G.] Harding, in 19—","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=3021.0,3027.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/247","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"H. HIRSHBERG: That’s right.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=3027.0,3028.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/248","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"B. HIRSHBERG: 1920…[tape clicks]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=3028.0,3030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/249","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MEYERHOFF: You voted in every election since 1921.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=3030.0,3033.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/250","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"B. HIRSHBERG: 1921. [tape clicks]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=3033.0,3035.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/251","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MEYERHOFF: Helen [Blumenthal Hirshberg], what was the best time in the history, in your lifetime?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=3035.0,3044.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/252","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"H. HIRSHBERG: Huh. I really don’t know.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=3044.0,3049.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/253","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MEYERHOFF: When you—","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=3049.0,3050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/254","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"H. HIRSHBERG: I think it’s when World War II ended and they released… In all of the war, the thing that hurt me was the greed. People were greedy. They couldn’t grab money fast enough. You’d hear them on the bus and they’d say, “I never had it so good.” I turned around to the woman that said it, and I said, “You mean our boys are being killed, and you never had it so good?” She said, “It’s none of your damn business.” She was just talking to the woman next to her, just saying, “It’s the first time we ever had any money.” That irked me, because I had two sons that were both in the Army and Navy, and all these other boys, and she was bragging it was the first time she ever had any money. I thought to myself, “I hope you loved…” I said, “…anybody that is proud of having money and seeing our boys get killed. There’s something wrong with them.”","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=3050.0,3141.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/255","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MEYERHOFF: Helen [Blumenthal Hirshberg], what is your favorite restaurant in Savannah?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=3141.0,3147.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/256","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"H. HIRSHBERG: What is my what?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=3147.0,3148.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/257","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MEYERHOFF: Your favorite restaurant.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=3148.0,3152.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/258","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"H. HIRSHBERG: I think we—","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=3152.0,3153.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/259","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"B. HIRSHBERG: In Savannah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=3153.0,3154.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/260","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"H. HIRSHBERG: I think we like… What’s the name, where we go? Johnny Harris’s. [memoirist laughs]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=3154.0,3160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/261","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"B. HIRSHBERG: You like Johnny’s.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=3160.0,3161.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/262","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MEYERHOFF: What do you like there?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=3161.0,3164.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/263","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"H. HIRSHBERG: Their sandwiches are good. If you want a hot lunch, they usually have a nice hot lunch. The help is clean and polite, and you don’t have to wait, and they know their customer. They are very friendly. We usually go there once or twice a week. They know us and we know them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=3164.0,3195.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/264","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"B. HIRSHBERG: What about fancy restaurants? What about Elizabeth’s? Remember. Do you like to go to Elizabeth’s?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=3195.0,3201.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/265","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"H. HIRSHBERG: Oh, yes, I love going there, but she’s expensive. [memoirist and interviewer laugh] Can’t go there too often.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=3201.0,3210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/266","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MEYERHOFF: That’s Elizabeth’s on 37th.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=3210.0,3211.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/267","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"B. HIRSHBERG: Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=3211.0,3212.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/268","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"H. HIRSHBERG: When she first started, we went there. But we found it was kind of expensive to eat there a couple of times a week.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=3212.0,3220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/269","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"B. HIRSHBERG: Tell Harriet about—","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=3220.0,3221.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/270","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"H. HIRSHBERG: But, if you’ve got the money, it’s the nicest place and the best place to eat. The food is good. The food is clean. The help is fine, and it’s a nice place.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=3221.0,3238.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/271","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"B. HIRSHBERG: Let’s see if she’ll respond to that. Tell Harriet [Meyerhoff] about the summer you spent in Chicago in 1913, 1915. Do you remember going to Chicago for the first time?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=3238.0,3249.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/272","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"H. HIRSHBERG: Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=3249.0,3250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/273","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"B. HIRSHBERG: Going to a city for the first time?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=3250.0,3251.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/274","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"H. HIRSHBERG: Yes. That was the first time that I had really been to a big city. I met an awful lot of young Jewish people, and I saw a lot of things I didn’t like. The hatred between the Jew and the Christian was very marked and you would hear [indistinct: 54.48]…remarks about the Jews, and I didn’t like that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=3251.0,3296.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/275","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"B. HIRSHBERG: What did you like about Chicago, though?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=3296.0,3300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/276","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"H. HIRSHBERG: Oh, I liked it. It was a nice city. It was beautifully situated on the lake and the stores were nice.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=3300.0,3312.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/277","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"B. HIRSHBERG: What about your cousins?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=3312.0,3313.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/278","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"H. HIRSHBERG: My cousins were all employed and I decided I wanted to work…[memoirist laughs]…in Chicago. I made an application and it was accepted in Marshall Field’s child’s department. I’d go home at night or to my cousin’s and call home, and asked to speak to my father, and I said, “Dad, would you mind if I stay in Chicago and work?” There was a deep silence, because I always wanted to be a nurse more than anything else, and he was set against it. He said…he goes, “I won’t even say a thing. [indistinct: 56.10]…a nurse. You come home.” He says, “You don’t go to work in Chicago.” So, I came home. But that was what he said, “You come home and I won’t say a thing more about your being a nurse. If you want to be a nurse, fine. I don’t want you to, but come home. I don’t want you working in Chicago.” I packed up and came home. [memoirist laughs] I went into nursing— [tape clicks]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=3313.0,3407.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/279","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"B. HIRSHBERG: You want to tell Harriet [Meyerhoff] that your… Name your grandchildren and your great-grandchildren for her? How many grandchildren do you have?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=3407.0,3419.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/280","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"H. HIRSHBERG: How many, I can’t remember. How many grandchildren?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=3419.0,3425.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/281","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"B. HIRSHBERG: Four. Do you know?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=3425.0,3427.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/282","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"H. HIRSHBERG: Great-grandchildren…","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=3427.0,3428.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/283","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"B. HIRSHBERG: Three.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=3428.0,3429.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/284","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"H. HIRSHBERG: That’s right.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=3429.0,3430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/285","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"B. HIRSHBERG: Can you name them? Can you name your granddaughters?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=3430.0,3433.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/286","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"H. HIRSHBERG: Yes. I know them. I know the family and I love every one of them. I’ve never made any remarks about… My daughter went with only if it was somebody that was a good dancer, but his character wasn’t too good. Frances [Hirshberg Wagger] loved to dance and it didn’t make any difference to her what kind of a mixer they were. That was the only thing. I said, “You can go with anyone, but I don’t want you associating with so and so.” Because my father was in the barbershop and he heard this man belittling some of these girls. He came home and said, “I don’t want you dating any of those boys.” I said, “I wouldn’t date them anyway, Dad. I don’t like them.” He said, “They said some very bad remarks about these girls and I don’t want you to ever date a boy like that. Even if it’s true, he should be a gentleman and keep his mouth shut. Because he shouldn’t talk that way about a girl or a woman.” [tape clicks]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=3433.0,3533.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/287","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MEYERHOFF: Helen [Blumenthal Hirshberg], what is the secret to your living a good, long life?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=3533.0,3539.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/288","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"H. HIRSHBERG: I was brought up in a happy home. It was a beautiful home. I never knew what it was to do work. We always had our help, and my mother and father always could sit down and talk to us about things that girls ought to know. That we never should make unkind remarks and always do what was right. Never lie, because if you lie to me once, I’ll never trust you again. I was a happy person. I guess I was born happy because…and I never felt unhappy. I always felt that I was blessed. We had the nicest home in town. My father had a big business. My father, my mother loved us and would sit down and talk with us, and we were a happy family. We always had nice help and I was never unhappy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=3539.0,3625.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/289","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MEYERHOFF: Did you ever smoke cigarettes?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=3625.0,3628.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/290","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"H. HIRSHBERG: Did I what?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=3628.0,3629.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/291","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MEYERHOFF: Did you smoke cigarettes?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=3629.0,3631.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/292","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"H. HIRSHBERG: No.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=3631.0,3632.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/transcript/81424/annotation/293","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MEYERHOFF: Not even at the time that you… [tape clicks]\r\n[end of tape 1, side 2]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=3632.0,3641.46939"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/annotation_set/1931","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Annotations [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/annotation_set/1931/annotation/294","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBernard Hirshberg (1927-2012) was a teacher and school administrator who worked in the Chatham County school system in Savannah, Georgia. He graduated from the University of Michigan. He also served in the Navy during World War II. He also was a docent t the Davenport House Museum. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=13.0,27.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/annotation_set/1931/annotation/295","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSavannah is one of Georgia’s most important port cities and is the fifth-largest in the state. The coastal town is located along the Savannah River. As of 2020, the city had a population of over 140,000 residents. It is well-known for its tourist attractions and historical neighborhoods.   \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=27.0,69.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/annotation_set/1931/annotation/296","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJacksonville is a city located on the Atlantic coast of northeastern Florida. It is the most populous city of the state, with a population of over 950,000.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=72.0,83.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/annotation_set/1931/annotation/297","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFlorida is the southeasternmost U.S. state, with the Atlantic on one side and the Gulf of Mexico on the other. It has over 21 million inhabitants, making it the third most populous state in the US.  \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=84.0,165.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/annotation_set/1931/annotation/298","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFrances Hirshberg Wagger (1921-2015) was born in Midland, Michigan to her parents, Helen and Bernard Hirshberg. She married Larry Wagger after World War II and had two daughters, named Susan and Margie. After the war, she operated a ladies clothing business and bridal shop. Throughout her life, she lived in North Carolina; Savannah; Boston; Atlanta; St. Louis; New York City; and Alicante, Spain. She and her husband traveled throughout the world. She had two daughters: Susan Wagger Karpf and Maggie Wagger Smith. She had two grandchildren and two great-grandchildren. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=169.0,219.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/annotation_set/1931/annotation/299","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eReform Judaism is a division within Judaism, especially in North America and the United Kingdom. Historically it began in the nineteenth century. In general, the Reform movement maintains that Judaism and Jewish traditions should be modernized and compatible with participation in Western culture. While the Torah remains the law, in Reform Judaism women are included (mixed seating, bat mitzvah, and women rabbis), instrumental music is allowed in the services, and most of the service is in the local language as opposed to Hebrew. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=270.0,365.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/annotation_set/1931/annotation/300","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMichigan is a state in the Great Lakes region of the Upper Midwest region of the United States. It borders Wisconsin, Indiana, and Ohio. It is connected by Lakes Superior, Michigan, Huron, and Erie to Minnesota, Illinois, and Ontario. With a population of over 10 million and an area of 96,716 sq mi (250,490 km2), Michigan is the 10th-largest state by population, the 11th-largest by area. Its capital is Lansing, and its largest city is Detroit.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=372.0,415.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/annotation_set/1931/annotation/301","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWest Branch is a city in northern Michigan. It is the county seat and largest incorporated settlement of Ogemaw County. The city had a population of 2,351 at the 2020 census.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=372.0,415.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/annotation_set/1931/annotation/302","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBroadway theatre is a theatre genre that consists of the theatrical performances presented in 41 professional theaters in the Theater District and Lincoln Center along Broadway, in Midtown Manhattan. Broadway and London's West End together represent the highest commercial level of live theater in the English-speaking world.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=372.0,415.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/annotation_set/1931/annotation/303","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGladwin is a city in Gladwin County in Michigan. The population was 3,069 at the 2020 census.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=372.0,415.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/annotation_set/1931/annotation/304","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDetroit is the largest city in Michigan and on the U.S-Canada border. The first evidence of human habitation in the region dates to over 11,000 years ago. Odawa, Huron, Potawatomi, and Iroquois peoples lived in the region during the 17th century when the first Europeans arrived. French traders and missionaries were the first Europeans who contacted the indigenous peoples in this region. In 1701, French settlers built a fort along the Detroit River and named the fort after this body of water. The population grew to 2,144 in 1778 and the area relied upon the fur trade. In 1796, England gave Detroit and surrounding areas to the United States in the Jay Treaty. During the early 19th century, Detroit was the capital of Michigan Territory and state. Before the Civil War, Detroit was a vital stop along the Underground Railroad for escaped slaves fleeing to Canada. In the late 19th century, Henry Ford built his first automobile in Detroit, and he founded Ford Motor Company in Detroit in 1903. The Detroit River became a vital shipping avenue during the 20th century. As of 2020, 639,111 people lived in the city, while 4.3 million people live in the larger metro area.  \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=423.0,500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/annotation_set/1931/annotation/305","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLikely the Detroit Conservatory of Music, which was a music school in Detroit, Michigan. It was considered one of the leading institutions of music in the United States. It was opened in 1874 by J. H. Hahn. It was located at 5035 Woodward Avenue. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=423.0,500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/annotation_set/1931/annotation/306","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOntario is the southernmost province of Canada. It is located in Central Canada. As of the 2021 Canadian census, it has a population of over 14,223,000 residents, making it Canada’s most populous province. It is home to 38.5 percent of the country's population, and is the second-largest province by total area (after Quebec). It is also home to the nation's capital, Ottawa, and its most populous city, Toronto. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=423.0,500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/annotation_set/1931/annotation/307","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHanukkah or Chanukah [Hebrew: dedication] is an eight-day festival of lights usually falling around Christmas on the Christian calendar. Hanukkah celebrates the victory of the Maccabees in 165 BCE over the Seleucid rulers of Palestine, who had desecrated the Temple. The Maccabees wanted to re-dedicate the Temple altar to Jewish worship by rekindling the menorah (ritual candelabra) but could only find one small jar of ritually pure olive oil. This oil continued to burn miraculously for eight days, enabling them to prepare new oil. The Hanukkah menorah, or hanukiah, with its nine branches, is used to commemorate this miracle by lighting eight candles, one for each day, with the ninth candle.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=600.0,662.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/annotation_set/1931/annotation/308","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe High Holy Days are the two holiest times of the Jewish calendar: Rosh Hashanah (new year) and Yom Kippur (days of atonement).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=600.0,662.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/annotation_set/1931/annotation/309","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOn the first two nights of Passover, the seder, the central event of the holiday is celebrated. The seder service is one of the most colorful and joyous occasions in Jewish life. The Driter Seder [Yiddish: Third Seder] is a cultural tradition that began among Eastern European Yiddish-speaking immigrants in the 1920s and 1930s and was popularized in New York by the Workman’s Circle. Unlike the traditional seders held on the first two nights of Passover, it is held during the intermediate days, which are called Chol Hamoed or Hol ha-Moed, and are less strictly observed than the two days at the beginning and end of the eight-day holiday. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=600.0,662.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/annotation_set/1931/annotation/310","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAntisemitism is prejudice against, hostility to, or hatred of Jews. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=662.0,668.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/annotation_set/1931/annotation/311","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Catholic Church is the largest Christian church in the world. It has over one billion members, and is the world's largest religious group. Its members believe that Jesus Christ started the Catholic Church 2,000 years ago. Vatican City hosts the religion’s headquarters.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=684.0,696.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/annotation_set/1931/annotation/312","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eChicago is the most populated Illinois city and the third-largest city in the United States. The Potawatomi lived in the area during the 18th century. The first permanent non-indigenous settler was Jean Baptiste Point du Sable, a man of African descent. He is considered to be ‘the Founder of Chicago.” In 1816, the Potawatomi, Ojibwe, and Ottawa tribes ceded the land to the United States. In 1833, the town of Chicago was formally instituted, and it had a population of around 200 people. In the 19th and 20th Centuries, it became a major center for the distribution of agricultural and other goods. During World War II, Chicago produced more steel than the entire United Kingdom and was the site of the first controlled nuclear reaction. As of 2020, more than 2,700,000 people live in Chicago and it is an international economic and cultural hub. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=696.0,895.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/annotation_set/1931/annotation/313","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMethodism is a Protestant Christian tradition whose origins derive from the life and teachings of John Wesley. Methodism originated as a revival movement within Anglicanism in the 18th century, and became a separate denomination after Wesley's death. The movement spread throughout the British Empire and the United States. Today, Methodisim has about 80 million adherents worldwide.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=696.0,895.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/annotation_set/1931/annotation/314","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Episcopal Church (TEC), based in the United States, is a member church of the worldwide Anglican Communion. It is a mainline Protestant denomination and is divided into nine provinces. The presiding bishop of the Episcopal Church is Michael Bruce Curry, the first African American bishop to serve in that position. As of 2022, the Episcopal Church had over 1,584,000 members.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=696.0,895.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/annotation_set/1931/annotation/315","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSaginaw is a city in and the seat of Saginaw County, Michigan, United States. The city had a population of over 44,000 as of the 2020 census. Located along the Saginaw River, Saginaw is adjacent to Saginaw Charter Township and considered part of Greater Tri-Cities region of Central Michigan.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=1091.0,1186.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/annotation_set/1931/annotation/316","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBay City is a city in Bay County, Michigan. The population was over 32,000 residents as of the 2020 census. The city is located just upriver from Saginaw Bay on the Saginaw River.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=1091.0,1186.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/annotation_set/1931/annotation/317","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA chuppah [Hebrew: canopy] is the canopy under which a Jewish wedding takes place. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=1186.0,1196.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/annotation_set/1931/annotation/318","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCobalt is a town in Timiskaming District, Ontario, Canada. It had a population of 1,118 at the 2016 Census. The population is now closer to 943. In the early 1900s, the area was heavily mined for silver and cobalt. By 1910, the community was the fourth highest producer of silver in the world. Mining declined significantly by the 1930s. The high demand for cobalt, used in making batteries for mobile devices and electric vehicles, is leading to great interest in the area among mining companies.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=1196.0,1248.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/annotation_set/1931/annotation/319","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCanada is a country in North America. It has ten provinces and is the world's second-largest country by total area, with the world's longest coastline. Its border with the United States is the world's longest international land border. It is a sparsely inhabited country of 40 million people, the majority living in urban areas. Canada's capital is Ottawa and its three largest metropolitan areas are Toronto, Montreal, and Vancouver.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=1196.0,1248.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/annotation_set/1931/annotation/320","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMidland is a city in Midland County, Michigan. The city's population was over 42,000 residents as of 2020.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=1250.0,1282.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/annotation_set/1931/annotation/321","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Dow Chemical Company is an American corporation headquartered in Midland, Michigan. The company was among the three largest chemical producers in the world in 2021. It employs about 36,000 people throughout 160 countries worldwide.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=1282.0,1283.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/annotation_set/1931/annotation/322","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe women's liberation movement was a political movement of feminist intellectualism that emerged in the late 1960s and continued into the 1980s. The women’s liberation movement comprised women diverse backgrounds who proposed that economic, psychological, and social freedom were necessary for women to progress.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=1395.0,1397.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/annotation_set/1931/annotation/323","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eNew York City is the most populated city in the United States with over 8,800,000 residents as of 2020. It is a global cultural, economic, education, political, and tourism center. The city is comprised of five boroughs and sits on Hudson Bay, making it a major port city. The Algonquian peoples lived in lived in the region long before the first European settler, Giovanni de Verrazzano, arrived in 1524. The first European settlement in the area was a Dutch fur trading outpost, established in 1624. Shortly after, a Dutch fort was built, and New Amsterdam was established. New Amsterdam was surrendered to the English in 1664 and the settlement was named “New York.” In the early 1700s, the city quickly grew as an important port. During the nineteenth century, New York City’s population boomed, growing from 60,000 residents to 3.43 million. The city surpassed 10 million residents in the 1930s, making it the first megacity in the world. After World War II, New York became the leading city in the world. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=1397.0,1420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/annotation_set/1931/annotation/324","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOrthodox Judaism is a traditional branch of Judaism that strictly follows the written Torah and the oral law concerning prayer, dress, food, sex, family relations, social behavior, the Sabbath day, holidays, and more. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=1486.0,1501.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/annotation_set/1931/annotation/325","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAlso known as Masorti Judaism, Conservative Judaism is a form of Judaism that seeks to preserve Jewish tradition and ritual, but has a more flexible approach to the interpretation of the law than Orthodox Judaism. It attempts to combine a positive attitude toward modern culture, while preserving a commitment to Jewish observance. In general, Conservative congregations also observe gender equality (mixed seating, women rabbis, and bat mitzvah). The governing body for Conservative Judaism in the United States is the United Synagogue of Conservative Judaism (USCJ), formerly known as the United Synagogue of America. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=1486.0,1501.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/annotation_set/1931/annotation/326","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Southern Methodist Church is a Methodist denomination of Protestant Christianity. The church’s headquarters are in Orangeburg, South Carolina. The church was formed in 1940 by conservative members of the former Methodist Episcopal Church. In 2017, the Southern Methodist Church had approximately 85 churches and 3,200 members.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=1825.0,1856.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/annotation_set/1931/annotation/327","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Presbyterian Church (USA) is a mainline Protestant Christian denomination in the United States. Part of the Reformed tradition, it is the largest Presbyterian denomination in the United States and is known for its relatively tolerant stance on doctrine.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=1856.0,1857.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/annotation_set/1931/annotation/328","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWorld War I was a major global conflict lasting from 1914 to 1918. It was fought between two coalitions, the Allies and the Central Powers. Fighting took place throughout Europe, the Middle East, Africa, the Pacific, and parts of Asia. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=1910.0,1911.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/annotation_set/1931/annotation/329","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAdolf Hitler (1889-1945) was a German politician who was the leader of the Nazi Party, Chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945, and Führer (“leader”) of Nazi Germany from 1934 to 1945. As dictator of Nazi Germany, he initiated World War II in Europe with the invasion of Poland in September 1939 and was a central figure of the Holocaust. Adolf Hitler applied for entrance into the Academy of Fine Arts in Vienna, Austria twice and was twice rejected, once in 1907 and again in 1908. For the next five years, Hitler struggled to earn money by selling small paintings, mostly images of buildings and other landmarks in Vienna that he copied from postcards. By 1914, Hitler was serving in World War I and would later enter politics. In his autobiographical manifesto, Mein Kampf, Hitler claimed that his antisemitic views formed during his time as a struggling artist in Vienna. His frustrated art career became part of the myth making—by Hitler himself and by his followers—that helped drive his fateful rise to power in Germany. Hitler was drafted for Austrian military service at the beginning of World War I but turned down due to lack of fitness. After moving to Germany, he enlisted as a German soldier in the summer of 1914 and was deployed to Belgium in October. Over the next two years, Hitler served first as an infantryman and then as a private. He won two decorations for bravery, including the Iron Cross First Class and was wounded twice. He was recovering from his second injury when the war ended. Hitler loved animals in general, but his favorite were dogs and especially German Shepherds. He was known to have had several dogs during his lifetime. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=2096.0,2109.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/annotation_set/1931/annotation/330","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGermany is a Central European country. It is the second-most populous country in Europe second to Russia, and the most populous member of the European Union. Germany lies between the Baltic and North seas and the Alps; it covers an area of 137,847 sq. mi, with a population of almost 84 million within its 16 constituent states. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=2135.0,2171.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/annotation_set/1931/annotation/331","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Mediterranean Sea is a sea connected to the Atlantic Ocean, surrounded by the Mediterranean Basin and almost completely enclosed by land. It is bordered by Southern Europe, Anatolia, North Africa, the Levant, and the Morocco–Spain border. The Mediterranean has played a central role in the history of Western civilization.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=2173.0,2174.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/annotation_set/1931/annotation/332","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Silver Star Medal is the United States military’s third-highest military decoration for valor in combat. The Silver Star Medal is awarded to service members for gallantry in action. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=2193.0,2263.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/annotation_set/1931/annotation/333","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSan Francisco is a commercial and cultural center in Northern California. The city proper has over 815,000 residents as of 2021. It is known for the Golden Gate Bridge, Chinatown, and its hilly neighborhoods. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=2278.0,2309.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/annotation_set/1931/annotation/334","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe systematic, government-sponsored attempt by the German Nazi government to annihilate the Jews of Europe between 1939 and 1945, which resulted in the deaths of 6,000,000 Jews.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=2330.0,2341.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/annotation_set/1931/annotation/335","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSwitzerland is a landlocked country located in west-central Europe. It is bordered by Italy, Franc, Germany, Austria, and Liechtenstein. It has a population of over 8,902,000 residents. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=2358.0,2386.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/annotation_set/1931/annotation/336","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOtto Von Bismarck (1815-1898) was a Prussian statesman and diplomat who oversaw the unification of Germany. He was known as the Iron Chancellor and for his Realpolitik. Realpolitik is an approach to politics that emphasizes circumstances and practical factors instead of ideological or moral ideas. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=2418.0,2459.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/annotation_set/1931/annotation/337","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBavaria is a state in the southeast of Germany. With an area of 70,550.19 km2 (27,239.58 sq mi), it is the largest German state by land area, comprising roughly a fifth of the total land area of Germany. With over 13 million inhabitants (2022), it is the second most populous German state behind North Rhine-Westphalia.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=2418.0,2459.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/annotation_set/1931/annotation/338","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLiberty ships were a class of cargo ship built in the United States during World War II under the Emergency Shipbuilding Program. The design was adopted by the United States from the British because of its simple, low-cost construction. Mass-produced on an unprecedented scale, the Liberty ship came to symbolize U.S. wartime industrial output. 2,710 ships were manufactured. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=2473.0,2541.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/annotation_set/1931/annotation/339","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe East Coast of the United States is the region encompassing the coastline where the United States meets the Atlantic Ocean. The Thirteen Colonies, which formed the United States in 1776, were located on this coast. States on the East Coast include: Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Rhode Island, South Carolina, and Virginia, as well as the federal capital of Washington, D.C., and non-coastline states: Pennsylvania, Vermont, and West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=2550.0,2569.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/annotation_set/1931/annotation/340","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eNorth Carolina is a state in the Southeastern region of the United States. It is bordered by Virginia to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the east, Georgia and South Carolina to the south, and Tennessee to the west. As of 2020, it had a population of over 10 million people.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176#t=2550.0,2569.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/129921/file/243176/annotation_set/1931/annotation/341","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSouth Carolina is a state in the coastal Southeastern region of the United States. It is bordered to the north by North Carolina, to the southeast by the Atlantic Ocean, and to the southwest by Georgia. 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