{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/d21rf5ms4w/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Gerson, Miriam"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["2002-05-29 (captured)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Agent"]},"value":{"en":["Gerson, Miriam (Interviewee)","Kent, John (Interviewer)","Einstein, Ruth (Interviewer)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["Video"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source"]},"value":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum","Esther and Hebert Taylor Jewish Oral History Collection","Legacy Project"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eMiriam Gerson was interviewed by John Kent and Ruth Einstein on an unknown date in Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e (general)","\u003cp\u003eMiriam Gerson was born Mania Morawiecka on December 5, 1927 in Lodz Poland. She was one of seven children. Her father was a businessman and active in the local Jewish government. Her mother was a homemaker. Miriam and her sibling attended a Jewish school. Her family lived a middle-class life, but they did experience antisemitism from the non-Jewish population.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eIn 1939, the Germans invaded Poland and occupied Lodz. Various restrictions were placed upon the Jewish population, which impacted Miriam’s family. By late 1939, the Lodz ghetto was formed, and the family was forced to move to the ghetto. Miriam met her future husband Abe Gerson while living in the ghetto. Over the next four years, Miriam and her family’s living conditions worsened. She also witnessed many violent acts and saw many people, including a brother die from starvation. Miriam’s father also died in the ghetto.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eIn 1944, the Lodz ghetto was liquidated. Miriam’s remaining family were sent to Auschwitz-Birkenau. Upon arrival, Miriam and her sister, Celia managed to stay together but were separated from the rest of their family. Eventually, Miriam and Celia were sent to Bergen-Belsen and later sent to a series of camps, including Dachau. As the Allies advanced, Miriam and her sister were among other prisoners packed into a train, with no idea where they were going. They were still on the train when American soldiers liberated them. The Red Cross helped care for them and sent them to recuperate in the Landsberg displaced persons (DP) camp.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eIn the DP camp, Miriam and Celia learned another sister had survived, but they found no other surviving family members. Miriam’s sister married and later immigrated to Paris, France. Her other sister immigrated to Israel. Miriam was sent to St. Ottilien, a Benedictine monastery in Germany that had been turned into a hospital for displaced persons. At the hospital, she was reunited with Abe, who was a patient, and they married in 1946.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eMiriam and Abe immigrated to the United States in 1947. They settled in Columbus, Georgia, where Abe had family. Eventually, they moved to Atlanta, Georgia, where Abe worked as a tailor at fine department stores and played violin in an orchestra. Miriam stayed home and raised their two children, Jerry and Joan and four grandchildren. They were long-time members of Congregation Shearith Israel. After Abe died in 2011, Miriam moved to San Antonio, Texas, where she became a member of Temple Beth-El and was an avid volunteer for City of Hope. Miriam died on June 13, 2014.\u003c/p\u003e (bioghist)","\u003cp\u003eMiriam begins the interview by talking about her childhood in Lodz, Poland. She recalls the antisemitism she experienced and her father’s activities in the Jewish community. Miriam remembers how life changed when the Germans occupied Lodz. She shares how her father’s business slowly closed because he could not buy items to sell. She recounts the risks non-Jewish neighbors and friends took to bring her family food. \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eMiriam remembers moving into the ghetto and how life became much more difficult. She describes an incident when her mother and a brother were briefly arrested, jailed, and released when the ghetto was locked down. She talks about the horrible conditions in the ghetto and the constant hunger. She recalls seeing people dead on the street from starvation. She recalls the family preparing to leave when the Germans liquidated the ghetto.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eMiriam talks about their deportation to Auschwitz-Birkenau and the horrible conditions on the trains. She recounts the chaos during selection and the confusion during processing. Miriam explains how she managed to stay with her sister and the horrible conditions in the camp. She shares using her wooden shoes to make her appear older to survive other selections. She remembers being sent to Bergen-Belsen and working in the kitchens. She mentions how she and her sister shared their bread and the difficulties of living in constant hunger and filth. Miriam discusses how no aspects of Jewish life or religion existed in the ghettos or camps. But she shares how they all looked out for each other in the camps. She also describes how difficult it was to continue, day after day. She recalls how they were moved from camp to camp and ended up at Dachau where they worked in an ammunition plant.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eMiriam describes being placed on a train and not knowing where they were going. She recalls being surprised when they were liberated on the train and how the American soldiers treated them. She remembers arriving at the Landsberg, the displaced persons camp, and how they were treated. Miriam mentions trying to decide where to go after the war. She talks about finding out about her siblings’ fates. Miriam explains how she reunited with her future husband, Abe Gerson at Saint Ottilien, a monastery hospital, and worked as a nurse at the hospital while Abe was still recovering.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eShe talks about her and Abe getting married and immigrating to the United States. Miriam remembers the kindness of Abe’s family as they began their new lives. Miriam shares adjusting to life in America and the pride she felt in being able to live the American life. She describes her joy at raising children and being able to open their homes up to their friends. Miriam discusses what Judaism and being an American mean to her. She explains why she is still angry about her past and the injustices that remain in the world. Miriam ends the interview by sharing the importance of making the most of each day and hoping for a good tomorrow because we do not know what tomorrow holds.\u003c/p\u003e (scope content)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source Metadata URI"]},"value":{"en":["https://archivesspace.thebreman.org/repositories/2/archival_objects/29188"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject"]},"value":{"en":["Gerson, Miriam (1927-2014) (personal name)","Gerson, Abe (1925-2011) (personal name)","Hitler, Adolf (1889-1945) (personal name)","Roosevelt, Franklin (1882-1945) (personal name)","Gerson, Morris (personal name)","Gerson, Rosa (personal name)","Gerson, Joe (personal name)","Gerson, Evelyn (personal name)","Gerson, Dutch (personal name)","Gerson, Mildred (personal name)","Gerson, Henry (personal name)","Gerson, Sadie (personal name)","Gerson, Jerry (personal name)","Robinowich, Joan Gerson (personal name)","Koppel, Ted (b. 1940) (personal name)","Lodz, Poland (geographic term)","Columbus, Georgia (geographic term)","Atlanta, Georgia (geographic term)","Paris, France (geographic term)","Panama City, Florida (geographic term)","Germany (geographic term)","Israel (geographic term)","United States (geographic term)","Sunshine’s Department Store (corporate name)","UNRRA/United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (corporate name)","Red Cross (corporate name)","Fulton High School (corporate name)","University of Georgia (corporate name)","Saint Ottilia Monastery (corporate name)","Holocaust (named event)","World War II (named event)","World War I (named event)","Lodz ghetto (other)","Auschwitz-Birkenau (other)","Bergen-Belsen (other)","Dachau (other)","Landsberg Displaced Persons Camp (other)","Concentration Camps (other)","Displaced Person Camp (other)","Nazis (other)","SS/Schutzstaffel (other)","Black Markets (other)","Antisemitism (other)","Kosher (other)","Pogrom (other)","Hasidic Judaism (other)","Synagogue (other)","Yiddish (other)","Yontif (other)","Shul (other)","Kapos (other)","Seder (other)"]}}],"summary":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eMiriam Gerson was interviewed by John Kent and Ruth Einstein on an unknown date in Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMiriam Gerson was born Mania Morawiecka on December 5, 1927 in Lodz Poland. She was one of seven children. Her father was a businessman and active in the local Jewish government. Her mother was a homemaker. Miriam and her sibling attended a Jewish school. Her family lived a middle-class life, but they did experience antisemitism from the non-Jewish population.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eIn 1939, the Germans invaded Poland and occupied Lodz. Various restrictions were placed upon the Jewish population, which impacted Miriam\u0026rsquo;s family. By late 1939, the Lodz ghetto was formed, and the family was forced to move to the ghetto. Miriam met her future husband Abe Gerson while living in the ghetto. Over the next four years, Miriam and her family\u0026rsquo;s living conditions worsened. She also witnessed many violent acts and saw many people, including a brother die from starvation. Miriam\u0026rsquo;s father also died in the ghetto.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eIn 1944, the Lodz ghetto was liquidated. Miriam\u0026rsquo;s remaining family were sent to Auschwitz-Birkenau. Upon arrival, Miriam and her sister, Celia managed to stay together but were separated from the rest of their family. Eventually, Miriam and Celia were sent to Bergen-Belsen and later sent to a series of camps, including Dachau. As the Allies advanced, Miriam and her sister were among other prisoners packed into a train, with no idea where they were going. They were still on the train when American soldiers liberated them. The Red Cross helped care for them and sent them to recuperate in the Landsberg displaced persons (DP) camp.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eIn the DP camp, Miriam and Celia learned another sister had survived, but they found no other surviving family members. Miriam\u0026rsquo;s sister married and later immigrated to Paris, France. Her other sister immigrated to Israel. Miriam was sent to St. Ottilien, a Benedictine monastery in Germany that had been turned into a hospital for displaced persons. At the hospital, she was reunited with Abe, who was a patient, and they married in 1946.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eMiriam and Abe immigrated to the United States in 1947. They settled in Columbus, Georgia, where Abe had family. Eventually, they moved to Atlanta, Georgia, where Abe worked as a tailor at fine department stores and played violin in an orchestra. Miriam stayed home and raised their two children, Jerry and Joan and four grandchildren. They were long-time members of Congregation Shearith Israel. After Abe died in 2011, Miriam moved to San Antonio, Texas, where she became a member of Temple Beth-El and was an avid volunteer for City of Hope. Miriam died on June 13, 2014.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMiriam begins the interview by talking about her childhood in Lodz, Poland. She recalls the antisemitism she experienced and her father\u0026rsquo;s activities in the Jewish community. Miriam remembers how life changed when the Germans occupied Lodz. She shares how her father\u0026rsquo;s business slowly closed because he could not buy items to sell. She recounts the risks non-Jewish neighbors and friends took to bring her family food.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eMiriam remembers moving into the ghetto and how life became much more difficult. She describes an incident when her mother and a brother were briefly arrested, jailed, and released when the ghetto was locked down. She talks about the horrible conditions in the ghetto and the constant hunger. She recalls seeing people dead on the street from starvation. She recalls the family preparing to leave when the Germans liquidated the ghetto.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eMiriam talks about their deportation to Auschwitz-Birkenau and the horrible conditions on the trains. She recounts the chaos during selection and the confusion during processing. Miriam explains how she managed to stay with her sister and the horrible conditions in the camp. She shares using her wooden shoes to make her appear older to survive other selections. She remembers being sent to Bergen-Belsen and working in the kitchens. She mentions how she and her sister shared their bread and the difficulties of living in constant hunger and filth. Miriam discusses how no aspects of Jewish life or religion existed in the ghettos or camps. But she shares how they all looked out for each other in the camps. She also describes how difficult it was to continue, day after day. She recalls how they were moved from camp to camp and ended up at Dachau where they worked in an ammunition plant.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eMiriam describes being placed on a train and not knowing where they were going. She recalls being surprised when they were liberated on the train and how the American soldiers treated them. She remembers arriving at the Landsberg, the displaced persons camp, and how they were treated. Miriam mentions trying to decide where to go after the war. She talks about finding out about her siblings\u0026rsquo; fates. Miriam explains how she reunited with her future husband, Abe Gerson at Saint Ottilien, a monastery hospital, and worked as a nurse at the hospital while Abe was still recovering.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eShe talks about her and Abe getting married and immigrating to the United States. Miriam remembers the kindness of Abe\u0026rsquo;s family as they began their new lives. Miriam shares adjusting to life in America and the pride she felt in being able to live the American life. She describes her joy at raising children and being able to open their homes up to their friends. Miriam discusses what Judaism and being an American mean to her. She explains why she is still angry about her past and the injustices that remain in the world. Miriam ends the interview by sharing the importance of making the most of each day and hoping for a good tomorrow because we do not know what tomorrow holds.\u003c/p\u003e"]},"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/203/508/small/Gerson_Miriam.mp4_1691176708.jpg?1691176708","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - Gerson_Miriam.mp4"]},"duration":8750.355,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/203/508/small/Gerson_Miriam.mp4_1691176708.jpg?1691176708","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-thebreman.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/203/508/original/Gerson_Miriam.mp4?1691176703","type":"Video","format":"video/mp4","duration":8750.355,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Gerson, Miriam [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"KENT: Let us start with your birth, when and where you were born.\n\nGERSON: I'm Miriam Gerson. I was born in Poland, [in] Lodz.\n\nKENT: Your name as a child?\n\nGERSON: My name as a child was Mania Morawiecka, a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"typical Polish name.\n\nKENT: When were you born?\n\nGERSON: In 1927, December 5th.\n\nKENT: Give us a picture of what the world looked like to you as a child. What\ndid your environment look like?\n\nGERSON: Before the war, I assume that it was normal for a child. Because, as a\nchild, whichever way it is, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you think, \"This is it.\" That's how life is. You\ndon't know any other way. You want money, you go to your parents. You need\nshoes, your parents will buy it. You want an ice cream, they give you the money.\nYou go to school, you play hopscotch, you visit your friends. To me, at that\ntime, I thought, \"This is my life.\"\n\nKENT: What did your parents do?\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=60.0,90.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"GERSON: My father was a businessman. My mother was at home.\n\nKENT: How many kids?\n\nGERSON: We were seven sisters and brothers. [There was] never a dull moment.\n\nKENT: What are some of the better memories for you as a kid?\n\nGERSON: The good memories of my life is the fact that I had so many brothers and\nsisters. When I needed somebody, I went to one of them. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=90.0,120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If they said, \"No,\" I\nwent to the other one, or the second, or the third one gave me what I wanted.\nDay by day, you go to school. If you're hungry, you eat. When you're thirsty,\nyou drink.\n\nKENT: How would you describe yourself as a young person?\n\nGERSON: Holidays come along; you get new clothes. As a person, I was a child. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=120.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If\nI think back now, I was . . . I guess this was the normal childhood in Lodz, Poland.\n\nKENT: What were your parents like?\n\nGERSON: My parents worked. [They were] always busy. My mother was busy cooking,\ncleaning. My father was always busy in his business. But they were always\naround. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=150.0,180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They were always there. When I was sick, I got taken care of, taken to\nthe doctors. It was, to me at that time, that was normal life, I guess. What\ndoes a child know? The child thinks, \"This is the life,\" until [Adolf] Hitler\ncame along and showed us different.\n\nKENT: What was the Jewish part of your life like?\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=180.0,210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"GERSON: We had a Jewish home, very much kept up with all the holidays. Of\ncourse, schools in Lodz, Poland were Jewish schools and Gentile [non-Jewish]\nschools. Gentile children and Jewish children did not go to school together.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=210.0,240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"KENT: How was that explained to you, the why about that?\n\nGERSON: I never questioned that. [It] seems like Jewish holidays were good\nbecause there was no school. The school was closed. The Gentile kids were\njealous at us because we were having more holidays than they do. When it was\nYontif, it was Yontif. My father closed the business, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=240.0,270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"went to shul. My mother\nwas cooking special holiday treats. It was a happy time.\n\nKENT: What did your parents ever say about the whole Jewish-Gentile relationship?\n\nGERSON: Nothing much, really nothing much. My father did business with Gentile\npeople all the time. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=270.0,300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Antisemitism was big.\n\nKENT: Did you see it? How did you notice it?\n\nGERSON: The way I noticed it is going home from school. Gentile kids used to\nchase me, [saying] that, \"You a Jew! You a Jew!\" Sometimes, they would throw\nrocks at us. They knew me as \"a Jew.\"\n\nKENT: What did that do to you?\n\nGERSON: Scared me. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=300.0,330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I couldn't wait to get home where I'm safe. But once I got\nhome, I was fine. We heard now and then that a Jewish person got beat up. My\nfather was very much involved in a . . . I don't know how to call this in here,\nbut there was like a Jewish government. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=330.0,360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They called it the Judiche gemiende\n[German: Jewish community]. They were raising money for private Jewish schools,\nfor children, to buy clothes. He was very active in that. He was also active . .\n. I remember, as a child, that sometimes people would come to my father. If\nthere was somebody that would die suddenly, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=360.0,390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they wanted to . . . What do you\ncall it when they want to cut them up?\n\nKENT: Autopsy?\n\nGERSON: No, they wanted to know . . . The medical field wanted to know the\nreason the person died, and they want to make an autopsy. Right. That was\nagainst the Jewish religion, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=390.0,420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I believe still is. I don't know. They came to my\nfather with this complaint that the hospital wants to make an autopsy of their\nfamily member. My father dressed up, and he had some kind of special ornament\nthat he put on his suit, and he went to the hospital to meet with the people,\nwhoever that was, and talk to them, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=420.0,450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and convinced them not to do the autopsy. He\nalways managed to do that. If it was somebody important that had passed away, he\ndid that. Sometimes . . . a funeral in home was different than here. Here, they\nhave a special automobile. At home, it was like a wagon ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=450.0,480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that they put the body\ninside the wagon, and they had a guy that would lead the horse. It was a horse\nand buggy. Sometimes, the Gentiles kids grew up in an antisemitic home. When\nthey saw a Jewish funeral, they would throw rocks. With my father ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=480.0,510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"riding with\nthe guy in the front with the horse, they did not do it. My father gave some\nkind of signal that kept them from throwing rocks at the wagon. He was very\nactive besides his business. This was a charity ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=510.0,540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that he worked a lot for, the\nJewish government.\n\nKENT: Were you given any explanation by Jewish teachers or rabbis about why\nthese people were throwing rocks and what it was all about?\n\nGERSON: No, just antisemitism. Antisemitism in Lodz, Poland was big. Although, I\nhave to say that my father dealt with Christian people that were a big help to\nus . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=540.0,570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"especially when we went into the ghetto, food was very scarce. They\nwould bring us food. They knew we [were] a big family and they would bring us\nfood. Those were his business Gentile people.\n\nKENT: What were you aware of in the late Thirties, right before the war started?\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=570.0,600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"How much did you know about the bigger situation?\n\nGERSON: Not very much, very little. I just went on with my kids' stuff.\n\nKENT: When the war actually started, how old were you?\n\nGERSON: I was about 12 or 13 years old when the war started.\n\nKENT: What do you remember about those early days?\n\nGERSON: It was a big confusion. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=600.0,630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Germans came in. My father had a business and .\n. .\n\nKENT: What kind of business?\n\nGERSON: Over here, we [live] in luxury, we have gas. In those days, you had to\nbuy coal, and wood, and make a fire. That was my father's business. I remember\nwhen my father went to buy merchandise, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=630.0,660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"he went to see his business wholesalers\nthat he used to buy from, and they wouldn't sell him any merchandise. They were\nafraid because he was Jewish. But yet German soldiers were coming in with our\ncustomers. They were able to pick up anything they wanted. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=660.0,690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They didn't have to\npay. As the merchandise went, with no money coming in . . . If they came in with\na German soldier, they didn't have to pay for anything. When the store got\nempty, my father went to buy merchandise, and everybody was afraid to sell it to\nhim because he was Jewish. I guess they made it against the law. I don't know.\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=690.0,720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One thing I remember, though, my father came home, and he says, \"I came home and\nI brought all the money back.\" That means he didn't buy anything. Little by\nlittle, he had to close up the store. There was nothing left to sell. Things\nwere going on worse and worse, progressively worse, as time went on. We had . .\n. next to our store was a grocery store, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=720.0,750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a lady and a son. She told my father\nthat she's not going to let us go hungry. Every day, on the window they used to\nhave [signs that said,] \"Juden betreten verboten,\" [German: Jews forbidden\nentry] which means Jews are not allowed ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=750.0,780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to come into this store. That means you\ncouldn't buy any food. But our neighbor told my father, \"Your family will never\ngo hungry because I'm going to bring the food to you.\" For a long time, she did.\nShe brought us bread, milk, butter, eggs. She couldn't bring any meats because\nwe kept strictly kosher, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=780.0,810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but vegetables, anything else, she would bring us\nto.One time, her son became a Nazi. He told his mother that, \"If I ever catch\nyou taking food to these Jews next door, I'm going to report you.\" His mother\nsaid, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=810.0,840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"You would do that?\" He says, \"Yes, I would have to. If not, they'll\nprosecute me if I don't report you and you'll be sent away,\" so, for a while,\nshe stopped. But then she couldn't take it. When he was not at home, she just .\n. . one day, she came to my father. We didn't know all this. My father told us\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=840.0,870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about this. She picked an hour in the middle of the night for my father to meet\nher at the back door and there will be a package of food for us somehow. Whether\nhe was asleep or what, I don't know, but then when the night, when my father\nwent to the back door, there was a sack with food ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=870.0,900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and he just grabbed the food .\n. . her son just never knew it.\n\nKENT: Do you remember that woman's name?\n\nGERSON: I'd remember the woman if I see her today. But I couldn't remember the\nname, no. If I see her today, I would remember her. She was . . . I would say\nshe must have been a lady in her fifties. She had a grown son. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=900.0,930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He was really\ndedicated to his party. We saw him sometimes in the black suit with the big\nboots and big buckles. I mean, scary.\n\nKENT: Continue. How did life go on after that?\n\nGERSON: After that, life went from bad to worse. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=930.0,960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There was always confusion.\nThere was always news. We didn't have any television or anything, but we heard\nover the radio a lot of things happening. News was in the streets, on the walls.\nEverybody was reading. We kept getting food from . . . My father dealt with some\ncountry people, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=960.0,990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because in the summer, he had a different kind of business. The\nfarmers would bring us food and stuff. We used to carry food to my . . . I had a\nmarried brother and we carried food to him, share with him because he had two\nchildren. We used to carry some of our food to him. They used to bring us a lot\nof food. But then we started moving ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=990.0,1020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"out into the ghetto. When they made the\nghetto . . . until they closed up the ghetto. . . we lost our next door\nneighbor, but until they closed up the ghetto, the farmers still brought us some food.\n\nKENT: What was it like when the ghetto was formed, and you were put in to it?\n\nGERSON: It was very tough. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=1020.0,1050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Until they closed up, we could still somehow manage\nto get some food. We had to move out from our house and get a new place in the\nghetto. We were allowed to take anything we want with us to go into the ghetto\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=1050.0,1080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"until after they closed the ghetto with the electric wires and soldiers. There\nwas a lot going on. It's funny. Before they closed the ghetto, we couldn't take\neverything. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=1080.0,1110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One night, my mother said, \"I'd like to go back to the house and\ntake some more stuff.\" We couldn't carry everything. One of my brothers and my\nmother went back to bring back some more stuff. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=1110.0,1140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That night, they had a pogrom\naround there. They took my mother and my brother to jail. They never came home\nwith anything, not even them. At that time, that same country man that brought\nus food told us he knows where the prison is. We were not allowed to go there,\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=1140.0,1170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but if we wanted to send the letter to my brother, he'll take it to him, he'll\nfind them. Then he brought back a letter from my brother. They were in jail, and\nthey don't know why. They just had a pogrom and took everybody. They never came\nhome. One day, they told my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=1170.0,1200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sister . . . she had somebody she knew in the police\nforce, he said, \"You know what? If you'll bring me some gold pieces, I can get\nthem out of jail. I'll bring them home the next day.\" My sister went to the\nwhole family. Everybody took off ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=1200.0,1230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"their rings, whatever they had, their\nengagement ring, or wedding bands, or pins, or necklaces. Whatever they had,\nthey gave it to my sister. My sister made a package and took it to that\npoliceman. Two days later, my mother and my brother came home. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=1230.0,1260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But what we\ndidn't know [was] that they let everybody go. Everybody went home. They just let\nthe jail loose. Everybody went home. The reason everybody went home was because\nthey locked up the ghetto. No outsiders were allowed in. We were not allowed\nout. There were soldiers and electric wires. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=1260.0,1290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"People tried to smuggled their way\nthrough. A lot of people got shot. They were schlepping in and dragging in dead\nbodies every day, because people tried to smuggle their way out, but never made it.\n\nKENT: What was it like for you as a 12 or 13 year old?\n\nGERSON: Very scary. The only way I was lucky [was] there was still enough food\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=1290.0,1320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in our house. There were potatoes under the bed. We had sugar under the bed. We\nhad coal under the bed. We were able to make a fire. In fact, a lot of neighbors\nliked to come around our house because we would share. My father said, \"You know\nwhat? We don't know what's going to happen. If anybody comes in here hungry,\nlet's share what we've got.\" ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=1320.0,1350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We all sat down at the big table. We all sat down\nand everybody got a little of what we had. But after a while, that went, so we\nwere depending on the diet they put us on, which was very little. It was so\nlittle that people started starving. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=1350.0,1380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Starvation was terrible. People would die\nin the streets. Some people would just sit down on the curb. You'd think they\nwere asleep, but they were dead. The starvation just came in real bad. People\nstarted losing [their] minds ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=1380.0,1410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and it just looked like a one big crazy house.\n\nKENT: How did it affect you, the hunger?\n\nGERSON: It affected me, too. I was hungry all the time. We would take a piece of\nbread, and put it in a pot, and fill up with water, and make like a bread soup.\nYou filled your stomach with a lot of fluid, but with little bread. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=1410.0,1440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's like,\nyou make a big pot of soup and throwing a few little pieces of potatoes.\nEverybody got a little piece or two of potatoes.\n\nKENT: How did your parents and the other adults talk to the younger people to\nexplain things?\n\nGERSON: What can you talk about? You could hear in the neighborhood that\neverybody . . . They gave so much bread per family. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=1440.0,1470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Families would cut up the\nbread and give everybody a piece. But then some people would eat a little bit at\nthe time, some people would eat it all up in one time and then have nothing for\nthe rest of the week. Everybody was just dying of hunger. It was unbearable. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=1470.0,1500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It\nwas going on. So many people died. After that, they decided to liquidate the ghetto.\n\nKENT: When was that?\n\nGERSON: After four years. [They] sent us out to camps.\n\nKENT: Describe how that came about for you and your family.\n\nGERSON: Actually, we were lied to. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=1500.0,1530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"First, they came and said there should be no\ncommunication for us. If anybody had a radio, we had to hand it in. Nobody is to\nhave a radio. It's against the law. My brother took our radio and stood in the\nline for the longest time to hand in the radio. We had no [news]paper. We had no\ncommunication of any kind. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=1530.0,1560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's just that what you read on the wall, in the\nstreets. Then we were told that they are liquidating the ghetto and that's for\nour own good, because they're going to make the front. The Russians [will] be\ncoming in and there'll be a front there. They'll be fighting there. They don't\nwant us to get killed, so they want us out of there. [They said] ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=1560.0,1590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for everybody\nto pack up whatever they want to take with them. My mother was up all night long\none night, taking sheets, cutting them up, and making little bags to wear around\neverybody's neck. In Europe, every family, even the poorest family, had some\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=1590.0,1620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"values and jewelry, 18 karat, 24 carat, something, the real stuff. I had a\nbrother that was a fine jeweler, so he had quite a bit. My father and my mother\nwere up all night making little bags to put one on all of us. My father said,\n\"Now, this you'll use to buy . . .\" He said he was a soldier in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=1620.0,1650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"World War I. He\nsays, \"I know how bad it can get. The little bit that you get, you're buying\nbread with it. No luxury. That's the only way you can get it.\" We all slept in\nit, never took it off, always wore. We were up all night packing. We thought we\nwere taking stuff with us. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=1650.0,1680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Then when they came . . . in the middle of the night,\nthey came to get us. We all walked out and we went out [to] the courtyard. We\ngot on a big truck. They took us to the train station. They told us to leave\neverything here because ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=1680.0,1710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"everything is going to go with us, but when we got to\nthe train station, our luggage was not there. Nothing we took along with us was\nthere. They just huddled us into the trains. In fact, the propaganda was so big,\nthere was a little boy that got lost. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=1710.0,1740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"[He was] crying. A soldier had him by his\nhand, knocking on each wagon, trying to find his parents. [He] got him to his\nparents, so we all thought maybe . . .\n\nKENT: What kind of a train was that?\n\nGERSON: Have you seen the trains on TV that went to Auschwitz? Those were the trains.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=1740.0,1770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"KENT: Describe what it was like inside.\n\nGERSON: Inside, it was packed with people. It's just like . . . Have you seen\nwhat a can of sardines looks like? That's what it looked like. A couple of\nbuckets in case you need to go to the bathroom. The thing was always full, and\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=1770.0,1800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"smelling terribly, and sitting on the floor.\n\nKENT: What season was this? What time of year?\n\nGERSON: I don't remember if it was winter or summer. I don't remember. We were\nhot and cold . . . smelling bad until we ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=1800.0,1830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"got [there]. We didn't know where we\nwere. Some people said [it] was Birkenau, some people [said] Auschwitz. We don't\nknow. But we got there.\n\nKENT: How long was the journey?\n\nGERSON: Who knows? I don't know. We were thirsty. We couldn't drink. There was\nno water. There was no food. Actually, it couldn't have ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=1830.0,1860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"been very long because\nAuschwitz is in Poland.\n\nKENT: How far is that from Lodz?\n\nGERSON: I don't know. I was a kid. What do I know?\n\nKENT: What was it like when the doors were opened?\n\nGERSON: Chaos. They started to come with soldiers ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=1860.0,1890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and people that had been taken\nthere. Jewish people that got taken there became what they call kapos, like in\ncharge. They started separating people, men from women, children from mothers.\nSomehow we heard voices. They were all hollering, \"Don't take the kids!\"\nEverybody was holding on ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=1890.0,1920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to their kids, to their hands. Everybody says, \"Let go.\nLet go of the hands. Don't hold onto the kids.\" I couldn't understand why. I was\nhanging on to one of my sisters [for] dear life. My sister said, \"They said to\nlet go, not to hold hands.\" I said, \"I don't care. I want to go with you. I\ndon't care.\" Later we found that . . . I guess . . . I had a younger little\nbrother. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=1920.0,1950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"My mother was holding on to my little brother. She wouldn't let him go.\nWe didn't know it at the time, but now, after we got liberated and everything,\nwe found out that there was a crematorium. They weren't about to feed children\nthat cannot produce.\n\nKENT: Keep going with the sequence. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=1950.0,1980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What happened after you were separated and\npeople were in different lines?\n\nGERSON: I was . . . you had to face a sergeant. They lined you up. Women\nseparate. Men separate. Children walked away. They took all the children, herded\nthem away, and the mothers with children, herded them away. You couldn't be everywhere.\n\nKENT: What were you considered ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=1980.0,2010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at your age?\n\nGERSON: Who knows?\n\nKENT: How old were you about?\n\nGERSON: I must have been maybe about 16. I was hanging onto my sister. When we\nwalked up to the sergeant, he was about to separate us. I was trembling so ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=2010.0,2040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I\nwas hanging on to my sister so tight that, I don't know, maybe he had a heart.\nHe said I could be with my sister. That's why I survived. I couldn't do it\nwithout her. Then they send us to a place. We had to disrobe. We went in one way\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=2040.0,2070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and came out through another way. In fact, so much so that . . . Yes. Now, I\nremember. You asked me what time of year it was. It must have been wintertime.\nNow, I remember because I had a good winter coat with deep pockets. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=2070.0,2100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"My sister\nsaid, \"You know what?\" She says, \"Let's take . .. \" I had a brand new pair of\nshoes that they hung on my hand, so I'll have a pair of shoes in case I'll wear\nout the others that I have on. My sister says, \"You know what? We're going to\ntake my little bag with the jewelry and your little bag with the jewelry, and\nwe're going to put it in one of your pockets in your coat. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=2100.0,2130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We'll take your\nshoes, and wrap it around the coat, and put it behind the door.\" \"When we come\nout,\" she says, \"you should know where it is.\" But there were so many people.\n[She said,] \"Run to that corner and grab the coat. Either you or I, one of us\nwill grab the coat.\" What we didn't know [was] that we never came back through\nthat door. We went in through to this door and came out through another door, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=2130.0,2160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so\nwe never got the coat. When we came up from there, they started shaving our hair\nand shaving everywhere that there might have been hair.\n\nKENT: Who did that?\n\nGERSON: Those were people that got taken away out of the ghetto ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=2160.0,2190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"beforehand,\nwhere the parents never knew what happened to them. They must have been\nbuilding. Now that I think back, they must have been building and put those\npeople to work. Those were these kind of people that did that, Jews.\n\nKENT: Did older prisoners talk to you while you were being led around and so on?\n\nGERSON: Nobody talked. Nobody said anything. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=2190.0,2220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You were not allowed to talk. My\nsister had pierced ears. My father went ahead and put the good earrings on her\nthat had a little bit of diamonds in them. He put the other ones that had plain\ngold in the bag and so she had the good ones. They snapped that off. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=2220.0,2250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I had a\nspecial ring that my brother made for me and I had a watch. My sister had a\nwatch and a ring. They took that off. Just took everything off and sent you out\nof there. We went in the back and there were mountains of mountains of clothing.\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=2250.0,2280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"As you came out, excuse my expression, in the nude, they threw a piece of\ngarment at you in one line and in the other line, they gave you a pair of wooden\nshoes. As it happened, they gave me a bathrobe that swept the floor. It was so\nbig. My sister, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=2280.0,2310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"she had a little dress. She couldn't get it [over] her head. It\njust came to her bellybutton even if she put it on. She says, \"Let me have your\nbathrobe.\" She was quite a bit taller than I am. I gave her my bathrobe. I\nthought maybe I can get in her piece. That didn't work, so I just ran up. I\ndidn't know. I just ran up to the lady. I told her, \"This is too small.\" She\nslapped me and pushed me away, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=2310.0,2340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but behind her was another lady that ran up to\nme. She grabbed what I had, and gave me something else, and that fit. Then I got\nmy wooden shoes and we got taken to the barracks.\n\nKENT: What language was spoken at this time?\n\nGERSON: German.\n\nKENT: Did you understand German?\n\nGERSON: Yes, we picked up the German. [When] you're in a war for five, six\nyears, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=2340.0,2370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you pick up the language.\n\nKENT: Then where were you sent after you got your clothes upon? Where were you\nsent next?\n\nGERSON: We were there for a long while. That's why I don't have a number because\nwe were among people that actually . . . were too old to be killed, but yet\nmaybe too young to be doing physical labor. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=2370.0,2400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"For a while, we didn't do much of\nanything except starve to death. We were getting a little cup of coffee in the\nmorning, black coffee. My sister and I shared. We drank a little coffee out of\none cup, and the other one we would ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=2400.0,2430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"wash our heads with. There [was] no hair.\nShe put the little on her head and I put a little on my head [from] the other\ncup of coffee.\n\nKENT: Do you remember what the smells were like and the sounds in that place?\n\nGERSON: Terrible. It's undescribable. Every morning, we had to go out in the\ncold ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=2430.0,2460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and stay. They used to call it appell [German: roll call]. It's like stay\nfor a count. They came and count heads. Actually, the wooden shoes came in handy\nbecause I was so small, short rather, small too. I was so afraid. They were pulling out every day . . .\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=2460.0,2490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"people out of the lines to send them off. We heard the word 'crematorium,' but I\ndidn't know what that means. I didn't know what it was. I just knew they were\npulling out people from the lines like they looked real skinny or didn't look\nlike much to deal with. They would ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=2490.0,2520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"just pull them out and send them off. I was\nalways so afraid of being separated from my sister. Everybody seemed to be a\nlittle bit taller than I was. I was scared. I took my wooden shoes, you couldn't\nwear them anyway because they were giving you blisters, and turned them upside\ndown. They were thick and heavy, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=2520.0,2550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"maybe not that heavy, but thick. As we were\nstanding still for a count, I took my wooden shoes, I turned them over, and I\nstood on top of them. I came up a little higher where they can see me, because\nif they saw, like a hole, they would look in. But this way, they were able to\nsee my head. The wooden shoes had really saved me. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=2550.0,2580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"From then on I was hanging on\nto it because the soldiers passed me by and counted me. From then on, every time\nwe went out on count, I would stand on my wooden shoes.\n\nKENT: Who were you with during that period?\n\nGERSON: With my sister.\n\nKENT: Were any of your other family members . . .\n\nGERSON: They were separated. We were all separated. Men were going separate,\nchildren separate. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=2580.0,2610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We almost got separated, but this guy must have had a heart.\nI don't know. He saw me trembling.\n\nKENT: What is your sister's name?\n\nGERSON: She's no longer living. I just lost her two years ago. Her name was\nCelia. She lived in Paris [France], because after the war was over, everybody\nwanted to leave Germany. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=2610.0,2640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I was lucky enough. I remet Abe again. Abe and I knew\neach other in the ghetto before that, and for a while, we worked in the same\nplace, so we knew each other.\n\nKENT: Describe when you first met Abe.\n\nGERSON: I met him in the factory ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=2640.0,2670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where he was working. I was working there\npart-time. We just hung around together like a couple of kids do. He was young,\ntoo. After the war was over, we found each other again. I was lucky enough to\nmarry him, and come with him ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=2670.0,2700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to his family, to this country.\n\nKENT: Yes, let us get to that in a little while. Right now, you said you were\nnot actually working?\n\nGERSON: No, for a while we weren't working there. [They were] still deciding I\nguess, what to do. Don't forget, you came out from a ghetto of four years of\nhunger, you didn't look so good. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=2700.0,2730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was not just the age. It was what to do with\npeople that look so puny, but yet too old to be killed, but too young to do\nheavy labor. After a while, they came in. There's an order. They need a\ntransport of people to work in an ammunition factory, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=2730.0,2760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so they lined us up.\nThat's the first time they gave us . . . really, we were happy to get it. It was\na striped dress, like prison dresses, but they were a warm cloth and had long\nsleeves. We didn't realize that was prison clothes. We didn't care. We were\nhappy to get it ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=2760.0,2790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and a pair of normal shoes. From there, we got sent off to the\nammunition factory. But when we got there, come to find out, it had already\ngotten taken by another group. There was no room for us. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=2790.0,2820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Maybe that was lucky\nfor us because the women that were there knew we were coming. We haven't seen\nmilk in four years, but those people were getting milk. They knew we were\ncoming, so they were hiding the milk. When we came, they kept giving us their\nmilk. Evidently, later on, we found out that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=2820.0,2850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the work they were doing was eating\ntheir lungs. It was a dust. They were working on ammunition. There was a lot of\nthe dust coming from the metal. They had no protection of any kind. The people\nwere falling, dying, sick with the lungs, so they started feeding them milk. We\nwere so dried out, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=2850.0,2880.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"thirsty and hungry. They saved the milk for us. They gave us\nthe milk. Then we spent the night outside in the yard, in the grass until\nmorning. In the morning, we had to go out again. We got taken to Bergen-Belsen.\n\nKENT: How did you get there?\n\nGERSON: By wagon. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=2880.0,2910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They had these real tall wagons. Anyway, we got to\nBergen-Belsen. There was nowhere to go, just empty land with grass on it. They\nput up . . . tents and we started staying in the tents. But while we were in the\ntents, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=2910.0,2940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we saw them putting up buildings, like prison buildings, not tall\nbuildings, real low buildings.\n\nKENT: About when was that approximately?\n\nGERSON: We knew no day, no time. We just knew when the sun comes and sun goes.\nWe had no communication, no date. We didn't know if it was Sunday, Monday, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=2940.0,2970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or Tuesday.\n\nKENT: Do you know what year it was?\n\nGERSON: We didn't know nothing.\n\nKENT: What season?\n\nGERSON: What it was . . . during the day got hot, during the night got cold. The\nsun come, the sun go.\n\nKENT: Okay.\n\nGERSON: A few people were lucky. They got picked to work in the kitchen. They\nallowed us to do that for a while. They stopped us. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=2970.0,3000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They let us go pick up\nvegetables on the farm and bring them for the kitchen. They had like six women,\nthree of them pulling the wagon and three of them pushing the wagon, to bring\nthe vegetables for the kitchen. Invariably, somebody managed to put the potato\nunder their arm. If they caught them, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=3000.0,3030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it wasn't worth it. I went one time and I\ntook a . . . I should have known better, but I didn't. When you're hungry, you\ndon't know better. I grabbed a kohlrabi [German: turnip]. I thought I could get\naway with it. Of course, again I was shaking, I was so scared that it fell out.\nThey made me run for my life.\n\nKENT: What did the prisoners talk about together when they had time to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=3030.0,3060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"communicate?\n\nGERSON: Who can steal the piece of bread from whom. My sister and I, we shared\none piece of bread. The other one, when we went to sleep at night, we had it\nbetween us right here so nobody'll steal it, because invariably every morning\npeople were waking up crying somebody stole their bread. All it was about this\nmuch bread. It was easy to grab it. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=3060.0,3090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We did\nget a soup during the day. That was more water than anything else. You just got\none ladle [full]. How we ate it [was] we all had an empty can of any kind. We\nhad a string around [our waist], put through a little hole ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=3090.0,3120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and had it on the\nstring. That was our dish hanging on the side. That's how we got the soup.\n\nKENT: What was nighttime like?\n\nGERSON: The nighttime? We were so tired and hungry you'll fall asleep anywhere.\nFell asleep standing up. My husband is [still] kidding me today I could sleep\nsitting up talking. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=3120.0,3150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"[It was] very scary.\n\nKENT: What other memories come back to you when you think of that period?\n\nGERSON: There was a lot. But the worse that it was, of it though, when you take\na young kid, and when you're hungry and can't eat, when you're thirsty ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=3150.0,3180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and can't\ndrink, when you're cold and you can't keep warm, when you're hot, you can't cool\noff. You wonder why. Why? Excuse my expression, if you wanted to go to the\nbathroom, you had to go out in the back yard like dogs do. You had to step into\neverybody else's. When they came in, nobody could sleep because ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=3180.0,3210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it stunk to high\nheaven, excuse my expression. What can I say? At this point, I'm getting mad.\n\nKENT: Continue.\n\nGERSON: These were the nights and somehow time passed by. I have to say this is\nthe first time I'm opening up for you guys. I haven't been able to talk before.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=3210.0,3240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"KENT: Was there any kind of a Jewish life or religious part to any of it?\n\nGERSON: Are you kidding me? Listen, I come from a Jewish home. It was nothing\nbut kosher. In the time of the ghetto, we were getting horsemeat. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=3240.0,3270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It came to a\npoint that my mother had to cook horsemeat to feed the family. Do I need to tell\nyou more? The horsemeat was so tough, she couldn't cook it. She had to grind it\nto make burgers out of it, but we were so glad to get something in our stomachs\nthat you looked away. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=3270.0,3300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We were strictly kosher. We were not Hasidic, but we were\nstrictly kosher, with all the observances.\n\nKENT: Do you remember any other prisoners there who were better known or who had\nstronger personalities? Do any individuals still come to mind?\n\nGERSON: There's one thing I have to say ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=3300.0,3330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for Jewish people, and I hope it's like\nthat all over the world, but this was with us here people, we were all on the\nsame boat. We were all thirsty, hungry, cold, and hot. We didn't know why these\nthings were happening. Only maybe some people thought because we Jews, I don't\nknow. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=3330.0,3360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But we all took care of each other. We did, except for some people\nstealing your bread. That was the temptation of hunger. But as far as other\nthings are concerned, I have to say, we all took care of each other. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=3360.0,3390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We were\nstanding in the heat, in the hot sun sometimes for count. I myself, I was told I\npassed out. People were passing out. We didn't just let them lay there. We had\nno water to revive them. But we revived people [by] slapping them in the face. I\nremember being slapped in my face and I woke up. I did it to others, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=3390.0,3420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I saw\nsomebody's falling, [I] slapped them. We all knew, slap faces to bring them\nback. Or some of them were feeling bad, as the soldiers were passing by, we\nshook them, made them get up. At some point when we were back in Belsen, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=3420.0,3450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the\ntents, there were little pieces of material hanging here and there. It takes one\nperson to get a brainstorm and others will follow. She grabbed and tore. I don't\nknow why she had the strength from. There were no knives, no scissors, no\nnothing, but she tore a piece and wrapped that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=3450.0,3480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"around herself. Then others went\nand everybody helped each other to get a piece of material to wrap it around\neach other until the soldiers came and they saw holes and pieces of material\nmissing. He wanted to know what happened. He caught a couple of people with them\non. He pulled them out ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=3480.0,3510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to send them off. Right away the word went down the line.\n[They] said, \"If you have anything on you, drop it.\" \"If you have anything on\nyou, drop it.\" One by one, there were pieces of material on the floor, but not\non us. Everybody dropped it. We didn't just leave it [and think to ourselves,]\n\"Oh, I'm going to take care of myself.\" At that time, I wasn't thinking . . . As\nI'm thinking back now, that's how it was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=3510.0,3540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because if they didn't find it on you,\nthey couldn't accuse you. A couple of people [were caught], but that's how it\nstarted. As the word went down, everybody dropped it.\n\nKENT: Tell me about the hunger in Belsen and just waiting around, there wasn't\nmuch to do, apparently.\n\nGERSON: No, in Bergen-Belsen we did not work. Again, the days were long and dreary,\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=3540.0,3570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and again, very bad. We ended up traveling from camp to camp. I wasn't allowed\nto [know which] camps. I don't know where I was, to tell you the truth. I don't\nknow. I just saw the earth, the ground, and the skies.\n\nKENT: At the time, what was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=3570.0,3600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"your expectation of what was . . .\n\nGERSON: Who had expectations? You don't think of tomorrow. You want a piece of\nbread now. You're hungry and thirsty now. Who cares about what's going to happen\ntomorrow? There were times . . . a lot of people would die in their sleep and we\nwere envious. We were hoping that that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=3600.0,3630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"would happen to us.\n\nKENT: What kept you going?\n\nGERSON: Who knows? G-d gave us strength, I guess, if there is such a thing. I\ndon't know. I started believing in G-d again after I came in with my husband. He\nis the one that made me see that it's all G-d's will. I still follow him. If he\ngoes to synagogue, I go. If he stays home, I stay home. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=3630.0,3660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But [when it] comes to a\nholiday, I remember the smell of the gefilte fish at home for holidays, and\ncleaning up the home for the holidays, and new clothes for the holiday. It was a\nhappy time. I remember those things. For my husband especially, and myself, I\ntried to keep up the tradition.\n\nKENT: What else do you remember about the end, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=3660.0,3690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when you were moved from one camp\nto another?\n\nGERSON: The only thing I remember is we were walking at some point. We were\nwalking, and walking, and more walking until we couldn't walk no more. We would\nmake stops. In one country, we went to farms. They took out the horses and then\nthe cows and let us in on the hay. We welcome ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=3690.0,3720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that and we start smelling a\nkettle of potatoes boiling that they did for us and gave everybody boiled\npotatoes. That was a big thing. We enjoyed that. But then in the morning we had\nto leave. We did some more walking, resting a little bit until we came to\nanother camp. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=3720.0,3750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They had no room for us. We finally landed in a camp [that] we\nfound out later that was Dachau. There was an ammunition factory where they put\nus to work. We worked in that ammunition factory. [We] got up early in the\nmorning, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=3750.0,3780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"worked all day, came home at night, glad to go to sleep. One experience\nI had [was] my sister got sick and couldn't go to work. There were a couple of\nsoldiers there. They were the Wehrmacht [Germany army]. I don't know if you're\nfamiliar with the Wehrmacht. They were not Nazis. One of them was a doctor. He\nreally took good care ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=3780.0,3810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of my sister. He told me, \"You go to work.\" He says, \"I'll\ntake care of your sister.\" I got up in the morning and I went to work. It was a\ngood day for me. When I started work, I was at the machine. I was shaving some\nbullets. I was told they were bullets. I didn't know what they were. Then\nsomebody in the back of my head, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=3810.0,3840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I heard . . . we're not supposed to move or\nanything, just look at the machine. I heard the voice at the back of me says,\n\"Go to the bathroom.\" I said, \"What?\" [The voice said,] \"Go to the bathroom.\"\nShe disappeared. I followed. I do what I'm told. I go to the bathroom. Somebody\nopens the door, grabs me in, closes the door, and gives me a bowl of soup. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=3840.0,3870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"[She\nsaid,] \"Eat fast! Eat fast!\" I'm eating that bowl of soup. I said, \"Well, I have\na sick sister at home. She's in the bunker. She was sick. She couldn't come.\"\nThey filled my little can about halfway with soup and went back to the machine.\nI came home with this for my sister. Come to find out, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=3870.0,3900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"those were Russian women\nprisoners. They worked in the factory. At night, they sent in a kettle of soup\nfor them. They were looking at us, they decided to give it to us, but they had\nto do it in hiding. If they were to get caught, I don't know what would happen,\nbut they were doing [that]. That was a good day for me. I came home so happy. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=3900.0,3930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I\nhad something for my sister. From there, we got taken to another camp. I don't\nknow where I was. Again, we were walking. We came to a camp. They all had names,\nbut I don't know. I just didn't know.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=3930.0,3960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"KENT: Were there men at this camp or only women?\n\nGERSON: Only women. The only way we saw men is when we were in Dachau. Way\nacross there must have been a men's camp. We went out real early in the morning.\nI don't know the time, but it was already daylight. The sun was coming through.\nWe saw men lined up like we were ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=3960.0,3990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"across the field. Across the field in Dachau, there\nmust have been a men's camp. Then we were taken to another camp. I don't\nremember doing much work there, because still, at that time, they didn't know\nwhat to do with us. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=3990.0,4020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They kept saying, \"We're going to be deported. We're going\nto be deported.\" Where to or for what, we didn't know. People were getting sick\nso much, they built another little building for the sick people. Then when they\ndeported us, they put us on a wagon. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=4020.0,4050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The wagon went to a train. Some people that\ncouldn't travel were ordered to go into that building that was presumably a\nhospital, or whatever, with no medication, or nothing. From far away, we saw the\nbuilding on fire. As we were driving away, we saw the building was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=4050.0,4080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"put on fire,\nevidently with sick people that could no longer travel. Then we got put on the\ntrain and the train was going. We didn't know where we [were] going. Then we\ndon't even know. It was closed up. We [were] so tired . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=4080.0,4110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"nothing. We didn't\nknow if it was daylight, or nighttime, or whatever. Again with a couple of\nbuckets in the wagon. Out of the blue, the doors opened up. When the door was\nopened up, we saw a civilian man. We thought we were dreaming, maybe dead ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=4110.0,4140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and\ngone to heaven. Everybody said, \"Oh, a man!\" We hadn't seen men in two years. We\nforgot what men look like.\n\nKENT: Were all the guards women?\n\nGERSON: The guards were gone.\n\nKENT: Up until that point, the last couple of years were all the SS\n[Schutzstaffel] . . .\n\nGERSON: They were around. They had food. They had their wagon with their food,\nwith their stuff. They just didn't give us anything. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=4140.0,4170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They didn't feed us, but\nthey had it. Every time we stopped [at] some of the country people, they loaded\nup but all for themselves, not for us. When we saw this man . . . [he] was a\nmedium height, just a normal man with a hat and a suit. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=4170.0,4200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We thought, \"What's\n[indistinct: 1:10: possible \"gives\"]? What's the matter?\" He told us . . . I'm\nsure he must have backup ten feet the way that wagon smelled. Excuse my\nexpression. He said, \"You know what?\" He said, \"The war is over.\" He says, \"I am\nfrom the Red Cross.\" I'm getting chills now. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=4200.0,4230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He said, \"I need to know how many\npeople are in your wagon.\" Poor guy, I think back now, he probably couldn't walk\nup close enough. He picked two women to count how many of us is in there. We had\ntwo or three people had [died] too. We had no way to get rid of them. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=4230.0,4260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We thought\nmaybe somehow they'll come around or whatever. We were all young. We were all\nkids. We thought, \"Maybe they'll come around, maybe we'll get to a hospital, or\nwhatever.\" In the meantime, they were dead. Anyway, he said, \"I need to know how\nmany people. I've got boxes of food.\" He says, \"I want you to be sure you don't\nfight, because I got plenty for everybody.\" ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=4260.0,4290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think he took four women that\nstill looked half decent with him and brought the boxes, the food to give\neverybody one. He did say . . . I didn't hear that, my sister said she heard him\nsay [it]. He spoke fluent German, but I don't know whether he was American or\nwho he was. I don't know where he was from. But he says, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=4290.0,4320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"You all be careful\nhitting the food.\" As a matter of fact, a lot of people hit the box and died\nafterwards. Their insides were shrunk and they probably just overate. My sister\nwas hearing that. She was afraid. She must have been a little smarter than I\nwas. I wanted it all. I was accusing her of keeping ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=4320.0,4350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it to herself. She says,\n\"No, we're going to open one box and we're going to have just a little bit.\"\nThere was a can of powdered milk. We ate it dry. There was no water to mix it\nwith, so we ate it dry. What else was there? Some chocolates. We hadn't seen\nchocolate in seven, six years. Forgot what it looks like. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=4350.0,4380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was a pretty nice\nlittle box with a lot of good food. My sister was very careful. There was some\ncoffee. We ate the coffee dry.\n\nKENT: How else did you find yourself reacting to the news that the war was\nfinally over? How did that affect you?\n\nGERSON: I was numb. It didn't affect me ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=4380.0,4410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in any way at all. I was so numb. My\nsister kept shaking me. She says, \"Wake up. The war's over.\" I said, \"Yeah. So\nwhat now?\" Where do you go? What do you do?\n\nKENT: Where were you all when the train was . . .\n\nGERSON: Under the skies. I don't know what city and what country. It must have\nbeen in Germany, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=4410.0,4440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but we were in a train wagon under the skies.\n\nKENT: Along with the food, did the Red Cross lead you all anywhere else? What\nhappened after that?\n\nGERSON: American soldiers came after that. We saw them take away the German\nNazis going like this. \u003cputs arms up to show they had surrendered\u003e That was the\nhappiest day of our lives. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=4440.0,4470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They were disrobed from all their ammunition and\neverything, and they walked away like this \u003cputs her hands up\u003e with American\nsoldiers. We were crying. We were just . . . it's indescribable. You just can't\ndescribe a feeling like that unless . . . I hope we never have to go through it\nbut I'm saying, unless you go through it.\n\nKENT: What happened next?\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=4470.0,4500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"GERSON: Then the American soldiers came. They lined us up. We walked through a\nfield in front of a big building. In that building were American soldiers.\n[They] opened up the windows. On the ground, they told us that, \"Those soldiers\nlooking out the windows, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=4500.0,4530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"be throwing out clothes and whatever they throw out,\nit's for you to pick up and keep.\" The only thing I can say that could be [is]\nwhen the siren came along that [the Germans were] going to be bombed, they ran\nto underground and left their homes. The soldiers just went in there ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=4530.0,4560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and just\nthrew . . . everything came out the windows. Radios came flying. It was a four\nstory window. Things kept flying for us to pick up. At one point we saw American\nsoldiers, they looked so tired, I felt like taking . . . care of them. There was\nso schlep [Yiddish: dragging], barely walking. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=4560.0,4590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They had stuff in their pockets,\nand they started throwing stuff at us, sandwiches, cigarettes, chocolates,\nwhatever they had. They emptied their packs and they threw it at us for us to\npick up. They took us into a country farm into a room, a house maybe. I don't\nknow. They told us to go in there. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=4590.0,4620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There was no furniture, some furniture there.\nWe were just sitting around. There was a grocery store. One of the German women\ncame through us. She was brave because we could have killed her, but we didn't\nhave the strength. She came through our room to the back of the store, and\nschlepped out, dragged out some stuff to take to wherever she was. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=4620.0,4650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Evidently,\nthey must have lived there, be there. Maybe the store was theirs. But at the\nfront of the building was an American soldier after that. They didn't let them\nin. But they went and got the German women and told them to go milk the cows.\nThey made them go milk the cows. They told them, \"None of that milk is for you.\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=4650.0,4680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's for the people in that house.\" They went to milk the cows and brought it to us.\n\nKENT: Did you have any direct communication with any of the locals?\n\nGERSON: \u003cshakes head no\u003e\n\nKENT: I am just wondering what their attitude was towards you all.\n\nGERSON: We were imprisoned. There was no communication ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=4680.0,4710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with anybody.\n\nKENT: No, after the liberation.\n\nGERSON: After the liberation, actually not much. We went . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=4710.0,4740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you might say it\nwas a camp. They called it a DP [Displaced Person] camp, which . . . it's a DP\ncamp, displaced persons.\n\nKENT: Do you remember which one that was?\n\nGERSON: Yes, in Landsberg. We were taken to Landsberg, to a hospital, where\nthere were Russian prisoners ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=4740.0,4770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in that hospital. They must have known that we\n[were] coming, because when we came in the middle of the night, they were all up\non their feet. All their bunkers was straight, ready for us to get in it, and a\nbig kettle on the outside [with] soup boiling. It was all for us. They say that\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=4770.0,4800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they're going to take care of us until we're ready to leave. Nobody is being\nforced out of here. Then little by little, they started giving us rooms. They\ntook . . . I would say we were, let's say two, four, six, about eight people to\na room. The rooms were big, but we had to double up, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=4800.0,4830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which was no problem.\nAgain, I say Jewish people stick together in times of anguish. We were sometimes\nfour people in a bed, two here and two here. We made out. If we made a soup, was\na big pot of soup for everybody, not just for me a little bit. In those days, I\ndidn't think that way, but as I think back ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=4830.0,4860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that's how it was. We were being\ntaken care of by UNRRA [United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration]\n. . . We were in Landsberg. From Landsberg, my sister was getting married and\nleaving Germany. Everybody's goal was to leave Germany. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=4860.0,4890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"At my age, I was able to\nregister . . . people in Israel and people in America were adopting young\npeople, I believe, up to 19 or so, where we could register and somebody would\nsponsor you.\n\nKENT: At that point, did you know ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=4890.0,4920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"anything about the rest of your family?\n\nGERSON: No, I didn't. Nobody knew where the family is because we got separated\nin Auschwitz. They did make a registry. [They told] everybody that's alive, \"Go\nand report your birthday, where you were born, and your name.\" There was a book\nlike this that went to every country, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=4920.0,4950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to my knowledge. Because my sister, the\none that's in Israel now, used to live that time in Lodz, Poland. Somebody got\nthe book and found me and my other sister, our names there. Then he went and\ntold her that we are alive and we are in Germany. My sister, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=4950.0,4980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the one I just\nlost, went to Poland to see my other sister. She wouldn't take me because Lodz\nwas under Russia. The Russian people would let you in, but you have to smuggle\nyour way out. Her brother-in-law smuggled her out, but he didn't want to smuggle\nme out, so I didn't go. That's how people would find each other.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=4980.0,5010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"KENT: What did you find out about each family member and what happened to them?\n\nGERSON: I didn't find out anything.\n\nKENT: Ever?\n\nGERSON: No. One time, I bumped into somebody that was in the camp with my\nbrother. He knew him. He said he died. I was together with his wife. The\nchildren got taken away, but I was together ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=5010.0,5040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with his wife and his sister-in-law.\nThey told me that he was together with my brother, he was the oldest, and that\nhe had died. Then as it happened, I had a brother, the one that was a fine\njeweler. I could swear he's alive somewhere in the world. I couldn't rest. I\nguess there is a G-d above us. I could not rest. I kept telling my husband, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=5040.0,5070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"My\nbrother is somewhere,\" because he was that kind of a person that he would get\nout of every situation. Then by George, one time we will living here. Years\npassed by. That was nagging on me. One time, I got a letter, an air mail letter\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=5070.0,5100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from New York. I didn't open it because I didn't have anybody in New York. My\nfather had a sister in Brooklyn [New York] before the war. We used to get money.\nWe used to get letters. When I came, I started searching. My husband's cousin\nhelped me. I used to get so many different kind of letters from different people\nthat it just didn't ring a bell. It doesn't sound like it. I gave up. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=5100.0,5130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I called\nmy husband at work and I said, \"You got a letter from New York.\" He used to deal\nwith some of the people that sell violins, bows, strings. He used to deal with\nthem. I told him, \"There is some mail for you from New York, probably from one\nof the guys you're dealing with.\" He says, \"I'm not dealing with anybody from\nNew York. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=5130.0,5160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Open the letter.\" I opened the letter and there was a letter written\nin Yiddish, in Jewish. I didn't make it out very well, but we have a friend that\ndoes. Come to find out, it's a cousin of mine, that was my father's sister's\nson. He had a wife and children. He lost them during the war, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=5160.0,5190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but he lived\nthrough. He remarried and got two sons. They're both doctors, very proud. [The\nletter came] with a telephone number. I called him. Come to find out he's my\ncousin. He came running. He was in the camps too, but he survived. He came from\nNew York. In fact, we were lucky. My daughter got engaged that night. We were up\nall night anyway when my daughter called that she got engaged. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=5190.0,5220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He came back for\nthe wedding. Anyway, we went to New York to meet his family. He told me that he\nwas together with my brother I've been looking for, that's been nagging on me,\nand that he's no longer living, that he was dead. At least my heart was resting\nin peace. I knew he was gone.\n\nKENT: What did you find out about that brother? Did he survive the war ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=5220.0,5250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at all?\n\nGERSON: My brother? No. Another brother of mine died in the Lodz ghetto because\nwe were hiding. Every day they would come, and made everybody come out, and pull\nout some people that don't look so good and send them off. One of my brothers\ndidn't look so good, we were hiding him in my other brother's house. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=5250.0,5280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He went out\nto get some fresh air and never came back in the house. He died. Then they told\nthem just to put them out in the streets because the wagons were going through\nthe streets every day picking up dead people like garbage. He's the one that got\npicked up like that. Three brothers I know that had died.\n\nKENT: With your parents, you never learned anything?\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=5280.0,5310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"GERSON: My father died in the ghetto, but my mother I never heard of. My younger\nbrother I never heard of. She went with him, holding his hand. We know where\nthose people went. Those people just went to crematorium. That's a fact. All the\nmothers were holding . . . that's why they hollered to leave the children's\nhands, not to hold on for them. Because ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=5310.0,5340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if they were still young enough or old\nenough to work, they took the women to work, but they were hanging on to the\nchildren. They went with the children.\n\nKENT: You said that in Israel a certain number of younger people were being\nadopted or something like that?\n\nGERSON: Yes, I know of a lot of our friends that went to Israel, that people\nwere sponsoring them. We had friends here that American people ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=5340.0,5370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was sponsoring\nthem. In fact, one of them, I know for a fact, went to college, became a doctor.\nI know people are good. Luckily, I came to this country with my husband.\n\nKENT: Talk about how you met Abe again after the war.\n\nGERSON: After the war was over, my sister . . . There was a Catholic [monastery]\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=5370.0,5400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in Germany called Saint Ottilia. After the war was over . . . they were\ncompletely independent. They had their own doctors, their own teachers, their\nown school, their own laundry, their own shoemakers, their own butchers, their\nown cattle. They owned the city. We did not know nothing about ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=5400.0,5430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that, but my\nbrother-in-law had a friend that [worked] in that office. He worked in that\nhospital, in that office in that hospital. They started taking in all these sick\npeople from the war, those that couldn't walk, those that couldn't breathe, very\nsick people. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=5430.0,5460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They just opened up the hospital. They had their own hospital. They\nhad their own doctors, nurses. The nuns, they opened a hospital for displaced\npersons. My brother-in-law [had] a friend that worked in that office. My sister\nand my brother-in-law were planning on going to Paris. They wanted me to go with\nthem. They didn't want to leave me in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=5460.0,5490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Germany by myself. I couldn't make up my\nmind whether I wanted to go or not. I just didn't know. My sister says, \"You\nhave to. I'm not going to leave you here all alone in a big country, in\nGermany.\" I said, \"Well, I can register. Maybe somebody will have me in America.\nMaybe someday will have me Israel.\" She said and my brother-in-law said, \"You\ncome with us.\" ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=5490.0,5520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There was another guy that said, \"He likes me.\" I don't know. He\nhad a brother that lives in Paris and he was supposed to come. There were two\nbrothers in Germany that lived through a concentration camp. The one had a\ngirlfriend, but he said his brother was coming and they may go to France. I\nsaid, \"Well, I'll kind of let it ride.\" I didn't know. Then I got sick ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=5520.0,5550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I\nwent to the Landsberg hospital. I had a kidney problem. When I got out of there,\nmy brother-in-law says, \"You know what? She needs to be really checked out good.\nI have a friend that works in that office in Saint Ottilia. Let's go down there,\nsee what's going on.\" I didn't go. They went to see my brother-in-law's friend.\nWhen they were in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=5550.0,5580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/187","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that big hospital, [my sister] saw Abe. She saw my husband.\nThey knew him. When she came home, she told me, she said, \"You'll never believe\nwho I found down there. I found Abe. Abe asked me about you. He's skinny,\nwalking with a cane, barely walking. But the first thing he wanted to know [was]\nif you were alive, where you [were]. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=5580.0,5610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/188","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I told him you're very much alive and you're\nwith me.\" They made arrangements. We went down there but they wouldn't accept me\nbecause I wasn't sick. They only accepted real sick people. But through this\nfriend, they managed to register me. I met up with Abe. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=5610.0,5640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/189","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Then they opened up a\nschool of nursing, the head doctor . . . we were going on as cousins for the\nlongest time. He was my cousin and I was his cousin. But the head doctor knew\nbetter. The head doctor came to me. He said, \"I want . . . \" I guess here they\nwould call it an essay, write down whatever you know, whatever you can on paper,\neducation wise ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=5640.0,5670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/190","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"[and] otherwise. They tapped your intelligence. I don't know.\nThey had me through the mill [to see] if I can be accepted to the school. They\naccepted me to the School of Nursing. He was still a patient. I went through the\nschool of nursing. I started work working on the floor. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=5670.0,5700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That was the best time\nof my life, I guess. Then he wrote a letter. I'm going to mention that to them.\nHe wrote a letter to his uncle in Columbus, Georgia. I'm going to let him tell\nyou how that came about. By that time, he already knew about his uncle in\nColumbus, Georgia. He wrote that he wants to bring him over. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=5700.0,5730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He wrote a letter\nto his uncle. It's funny. I had to take an English course in school in order to\ngo through my thing, but not enough to sit down and write a letter, not yet. But\nAbe knew somebody that [claimed to] know English. [He said,] \"I know English.\nI'm going to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=5730.0,5760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/193","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"write the letter for you.\" He wrote a letter to his uncle. Over\nhere, in English, a 'sister' is a nun, right? He wrote that he fell in love with\na sister ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=5760.0,5790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/194","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that he's planning to marry her, which that would make me Catholic,\nright? Then a letter came from his uncle. His uncle says, \"We don't have\nshicksas [Yiddish: non-Jewish girls] in our family, for one thing, and to marry\na nun . . . \" He thought maybe he got himself in trouble. Who knows? He said,\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=5790.0,5820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"You leave your sister in Germany. There are plenty of pretty girls in America.\nYou get yourself over here.\" That was the letter. That means I'm not going,\nright? But then again I'm going to let Abe tell you how that came about . . .\nsomebody he knew . . . the family in Columbus and here. They explained and he\ntold them, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=5820.0,5850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/196","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"What you do, you two get married.\" That's how we got married. [He\nsaid,] \"You two get married,\" and then put me on his affidavit, and then I can\ncome to this country on his affidavit as husband and wife. That's how we came\ntogether. Until the last minute [when] we sat down to dinner, they thought I\nused to be a nun, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=5850.0,5880.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that I am Catholic, until they found that I'm very much Jewish.\n\nKENT: Up until that point, how would you say you changed during the war?\n\nGERSON: Did it change me during the war? I'll tell you one thing, it did change\nme a lot, because missing the things I missed out on, made me love life a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=5880.0,5910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"little\nbetter. [It] makes me appreciate the small stuff that people take for granted. I\nalways feel . . . you hear the story, \"It can be worse.\" I'm ready for the\nbetter. Coming from my background of the worst, no matter how bad it ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=5910.0,5940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/199","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is, it can\nget worse, so we need to take, I feel, day by day and make every day count. I\ntell this to my children: make every day count. We don't know what we wake up\nto, but handle it, and go on about your business, and take things at hand as\nnecessary, and appreciate the good life. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=5940.0,5970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/200","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"People that are born into good life, I\ndon't blame them. They don't know the bad, which is wonderful. But we need to\nlearn to appreciate the good. When you [are] being taken away from the bosom of\nyour family at a young age, you kind of feel, \"Is this how it's supposed to be\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=5970.0,6000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in human life?\" I mean, birds fly away, but people stick together.\n\nKENT: What kind of personal qualities about you helped you get through?\n\nGERSON: I don't know. I couldn't explain that. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=6000.0,6030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't know, because there were\ntimes in our lives that we were going to sleep hoping we won't wake up, because\nthere was no quality of life. When we woke up in the morning we thought, \"Oh,\nno, not again.\" You appreciate . . . Now, I have quality in life. I got\nchildren, I got grandchildren, I got a husband, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=6030.0,6060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I got things to look up to,\nthings to do. I don't have time to cry. I've got things to do. I've got\nimportant things to do. I'm not like the Germans. I don't want what somebody\nelse has got. That's what they did. They took away what we had. I don't want\nnothing somebody else has got. I want what ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=6060.0,6090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I can afford to buy, and pay for, and\nenjoy what I've got.\n\nKENT: Did you go back to your home at all before leaving Europe?\n\nGERSON: I had no desire.\n\nKENT: Before leaving Germany to go to America . . .\n\nGERSON: I have no desire. Again, my sister, the one that I just lost, she went\nback from Germany to Poland to see my other sister. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=6090.0,6120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/205","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"She went with her\nbrother-in-law, but he didn't want to smuggle me back, so I didn't go. But just\nto go and see where I come from . . . Normally everybody likes to go back where\nthey came from, to see the school that you went to, to see the homes maybe ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=6120.0,6150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/206","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you\nused to live in. But it would kill me today if I would go to where we used to\nlive, if it's still standing there, and somebody is sleeping in my father's bed.\nIt would kill me. Only because it got taken away. It's not because my father\nsold it by choice. It got taken away. Maybe the furniture is still standing. I\ndon't know. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=6150.0,6180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It would kill me if I go back. Why would I want to go back?\n\nKENT: Describe what it was like coming to America.\n\nGERSON: That was a happy time.\n\nKENT: When was that?\n\nGERSON: It was in 1947 . . . if my memory serves me right, it was 1947. America,\nI feel . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=6180.0,6210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I agree with people when they tell me that Israel is a country of\nmilk and honey. I feel that, to me, America was a country of milk and honey\nbecause it's here where I learned the ropes of living per say \"normal\" life.\nBecause, again, if you're taken away as a child from ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=6210.0,6240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/209","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the bosom of your family,\nwhere you are a happy child with a big family, with never a dull moment, you\ndon't know what's normal or not normal. You go where you are being sent. My\nfather said, \"Go here\" and \"Do that\" by golly, you better do it.\n\nKENT: Where did you two settle?\n\nGERSON: At first, we went to Columbus, Georgia to be with my husband's family.\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=6240.0,6270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Then from there, we . . . came to Atlanta. Again, we stayed with my husband's\nfamily, all cousins.\n\nEINSTEIN: What are their names?\n\nGERSON: Their names . . . in Columbus? It was . . . uncle Morris and Rosa\nGerson in Columbus, Georgia. They had ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=6270.0,6300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"daughters and sons. They were very good to\nus. From there, we came to Atlanta. We stayed there a few months. Then we came\nto Atlanta and we stayed again with his family. With uncle . . . we used to call\nthem cousins. They were cousin Henry and cousin Sadie. They had sons, Joe and\nEvelyn ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=6300.0,6330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and Dutch, and Mildred. Evelyn is still the love of my life today. She\nwas behind me and with me the whole time.\n\nEINSTEIN: Also Gerson?\n\nGERSON: What?\n\nKENT: The last name?\n\nGERSON: Gerson. Also Henry Gerson, Sadie Gerson, Joe Gerson, and Dutch Gerson.\nOf course, Evelyn became Gerson because she ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=6330.0,6360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/213","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was the wife, and Mildred, and they\nhad children and grandchildren. We belonged to a family.\n\nKENT: What are some of your other images of life in America in the early days?\n\nGERSON: I liked it a lot because they reminded me a lot of my home. A holiday\nwas a holiday. Yontif was Yontif. [We] went to shul ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=6360.0,6390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and synagogue with them on\nthe holidays. Abe got a job. I got a job. I worked the Sunshine's Department\nStore. It took me three busses in the morning to get there, but I didn't mind\nit. It didn't bother me. It took me three busses to come home. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=6390.0,6420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"After that put me\nin a rush because we went to night school. We went to Fulton High at night. In\nthe morning, I had to get up real early because I had to put my meat and my\nvegetables in my pressure cooker, so we'd have dinner when we come home. As a\nmatter of fact, I was in such a rush one morning that I wasn't sure whether my\nmeat ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=6420.0,6450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was in the pressure cooker long enough. I opened up the pressure cooker and\na piece of chicken flew to the ceiling from the pressure cooker and it got\nstuck. It was still sticking when I got home from work. We had to take it down\nwith the broom. I had to quit school early because I became ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=6450.0,6480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/217","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the way of a\nfamily. I ended the year because they teach us . . . I guess they said they like\nme. I don't know. They wanted me to just to continue. Everybody looked at me,\n\"When are you going to have the baby?\" Abe continued. Abe graduated from . . .\nhe got transferred ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=6480.0,6510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/218","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to another high school. He graduated. I didn't make the\ngraduation. Then we were raising a family. Abe went to work. We just lived the\nAmerican life. Abe says I Americanized myself because I made him help me with\nthe dishes.\n\nKENT: How were Jewish people any different here than in Europe? Did you notice\nany differences?\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=6510.0,6540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/219","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"GERSON: It's hard to tell because don't forget, the Jewish people in here been\nbrought up and living a normal life. The Jewish people I grew up with were not\nliving a normal life, but somehow we all stuck together. Do you know when ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=6540.0,6570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/220","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the\nGermans saw, when they came in, and they saw that Jews live in a nice place,\nthey made you get out and made the German family move in. Where do you go? The\nother Jewish family that didn't have such a nice house let them in. It didn't\nmatter. When we got out of our house, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=6570.0,6600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/221","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the back of our store, we had two rooms\nfor the working people. They just let you take with you whatever you could put\non. The rest of it was left. A lot of our workers, we gave them the key to the\nhouse. They used to go up, and put some things on there, and bring it down for\nus. They liked my father. I remember one time, we had people, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=6600.0,6630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/222","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that left their\nhomes, in our house sleeping on the floor It's like wall to wall people. It's\njust like if you wanted to go by, you had to be careful not to step on them. We\nwere sleeping . . . we had a big table, like from here to over there if you put\nthe leaves in. We had people sleeping on the table [and] under the table. Your\nopen doors. You let people in. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=6630.0,6660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/223","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I would say, in time of need, the Jewish people I\nknew . . . yes, maybe they were different at that time. I don't know how the\nAmerican people would react in a time like this. Thank G-d you never find\nyourself in that position. I hope it'll never happen, but I don't know how they\nwould react.\n\nKENT: What was their attitude about the survivor immigrants?\n\nGERSON: Coming ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=6660.0,6690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/224","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to this country?\n\nKENT: Yes, the people here, once they knew a little bit of where you came from,\nhow did they react to that?\n\nGERSON: Actually, I didn't pay too much attention to tell you the truth. The\nonly thing that got to me is, like I said, maybe mentioned it before, today is\nthe first time I'm really opening up more to you than to anybody else. Must be a\nreason. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=6690.0,6720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/225","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I believe everything has its reasons. But when we first came, we were\nyoung. We tried to tell them what we've been through, where we've been. Nobody\nwanted to listen. Nobody wanted to hear bad news. They said, \"Well, right now,\nyou are in America. You can get anything you want.\" The first time I was able to\ntake my $10 [that] I got on the ship ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=6720.0,6750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/226","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and go to a grocery store and buy myself\nsomething, I was a big shot. I didn't want . . . maybe the people felt like\nmaybe I wanted something. I didn't. I got the job for Sunshine's Department\nStore. I made $25 a week. I came home with $18. That I couldn't understand. Why\nare they holding back so much money? ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=6750.0,6780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/227","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Why am I not getting the $25? His family\nhad to explain to me. [They] said, \"You have to pay taxes. If you live in this\ncountry, you like this country, it takes money to operate the country, to run,\nand you have to pay.\" I guess my father paid too, in Poland and Lodz. I didn't\nsee it. I didn't know. I saw him sit at ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=6780.0,6810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/228","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the table with his glasses on, doing\nbookkeeping, but I didn't know what he was doing.\n\nKENT: How did you go about being a mother and a housewife since your own\nchildhood got interrupted?\n\nGERSON: I loved that. My children came by choice. Abe and I thought, \"It's time\nto start raising a family.\" ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=6810.0,6840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/229","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We didn't want a child in Germany. We thought this\nmight be the worst thing. That's why my sister left Germany and smuggled her way\nto Paris. She and her husband smuggled their way out of Germany because they\ndidn't want a child to be born in Germany. We felt the same way. First of all,\nit took us a good while after we got married to get a room. We had no place to\ngo ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=6840.0,6870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/230","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because I was with my fellow workers and he was with the patients. We just\nhad to get that piece of paper from the justice of peace that we are married in\norder for me to get on his affidavit. It took a long time before we got a room.\nBut then we didn't want any children. We were careful. We didn't want any\nchildren born in Germany. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=6870.0,6900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/231","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"After Abe got the job, that I could quit mine. We\ndecided to have a family. I love that. I enjoyed my children. When I heard\npeople taking trips and not taking the children, I said, \"Why not the children?\"\nI could never . . . it took me a while to understand. Once in a while, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=6900.0,6930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/232","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I would\nget . . . I guess the babysitters for me had the worst time, because I would\ncall three or four times make sure the children are okay, and she's okay.\nLeaving the children behind was the worst thing for me. I wouldn't think of\ntaking . . . For a while we couldn't always afford it either. You don't come to\na country with $10 in your pocket they gave you on the ship, and just ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=6930.0,6960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/233","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"starting\non a job as a newcomer, and plan on bigger vacations. But I wouldn't think of\ngoing on a vacation without the children. The first time that we took a vacation\nto Panama City [Florida], I wouldn't think of not taking my kids with me. It\nwas, I guess, a little different. Me coming from a big family like I did ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=6960.0,6990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/234","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"makes\nme appreciate my little family. I guess it gets into your bones. It does.\n\nKENT: In the South, were you aware of any particular attitude towards Jewish\npeople in those days?\n\nGERSON: No, not necessarily. It's a different . . . I always heard expressions\nthat my parents used to make. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=6990.0,7020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/235","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"To translate it, it [would] lose its flavor. If\nyou fly with the birds, you fly like they do. No matter where went, you pick up\nthe waves and live with the waves like others do. Otherwise, there will always\nbe a barrier in between because of probably mostly a misunderstanding. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=7020.0,7050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/236","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What I've\nbeen through in my life, at the beginning, it used to hurt me that people\nwouldn't listen to me, but then I started understanding as I got older. It is\nvery hard to understand, really. I had somebody make a statement to me saying,\n\"Nobody can go through what you've been through and live through it.\" ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=7050.0,7080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/237","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"She may be\nright. Six million people didn't make it. I'm a few of the chosen ones. Maybe\nthere was a reason. Maybe the few people that got left, we need to rebuild the\nJewish race. Maybe there's a purpose in us . . . being left alive. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=7080.0,7110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/238","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't know\nwhy I was left alive. There was certainly no bones, no muscles, no common sense\nnothing left except what I picked up as I go on.\n\nKENT: How do you feel about being . . . Do you remember before we stopped a\nmoment ago, what you were about to start with? ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=7110.0,7140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/239","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Then we could just continue with\nsomething else. The question that Ruth just asked. You said that you were numb\nat the very end of the war. How did you go about slowly coming to life and\ntaking normal life seriously again?\n\nGERSON: Actually, that's why I mentioned that, to me America is a country of\nmilk and honey because it's in America ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=7140.0,7170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/240","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that I've learned life, what the meaning\nof life is all about. To me, family and tradition has become a way of life. Yes,\nI've changed my mind a lot, because of having friends that you can turn to,\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=7170.0,7200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/241","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"having family that you can keep in touch with, and day by day business, taking\ncare of things that you have to take care of gave me a boost in my life. Even\nwhen my kids were home, I loved to dress up and go to the movies and take the\nkids with me. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=7200.0,7230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/242","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't care if I didn't get a break from the kids. As a matter of\nfact, my children still remember when they were in college or in high school. We\nhad wall to wall kids in here, all the time. I loved it. I lost my teenage\nstage, per say \"lost it.\" When my children became teenagers, I lived along with\nthem, and I loved that. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=7230.0,7260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/243","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"My children never came home from college without\nbringing a few people with them or holidays, I used to double them up in the\nbed. What's wrong with two people in a bed? When my kids called me, \"Mother, may\nI?\" [I said,] \"Yes, you may. You already know.\" We had all kinds of . . . in\nfact, when we go to some simchats over here now, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=7260.0,7290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/244","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"people that used to come to my\nhouse for holidays because their parents were out of town, still recognized me\nsomehow. They grew up, I don't recognize them. They became mothers. They\nremember my name. [They say,] \"Didn't I spend time in your house? You don't\nremember me?\" I'll start talking to them then I remember them. My husband . . .\nI used to kid him. My son used to call me from ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=7290.0,7320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/245","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the University of Georgia. There\nwas one guy from New York, he's all by himself. My husband would holler in the\nphone, \"Bring him! It's a mitzvah [Hebrew: good deed].\" He said, \"But the only\nproblem is . . . \" [My husband asked,] \"What's the problem?\" [My son said,]\n\"He's got a roommate. He's alone.\" [My husband said,] \"Bring him.\" I used to\nrun, get an extra chicken. I used to tell him, \"I'll just add a little more\nwater to the soup.\" But I ran out got another chicken. I keep kosher.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=7320.0,7350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/246","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"KENT: How did the years of persecution affect your attitude about being Jewish?\n\nGERSON: First of all, there's nothing I can do about it. I'm not denying it. I\nwas born Jewish, and I am Jewish and I'll die Jewish. My children are being\nraised Jewish. I'm lucky because my children married Jewish people. I'm proud of\nbeing a Jew and nothing can erase that. They can make me suffer for it. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=7350.0,7380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/247","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They've\ndone it and I hope they don't do it again, but nothing can change my mind. I'm\nnot denying it. I come from a Jewish family. I was born Jewish. I am Jewish. I'm\ngoing to die Jewish.\n\nKENT: Even though at the time you were too young to understand what was going\non, looking back now, what is your understanding about the 'why'?\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=7380.0,7410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/248","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"GERSON: I never got the answer why.\n\nKENT: Maybe not the big answer, but as a human being, as a cultural thing.\n\nGERSON: It makes me mad. I'm mad. To me a human being is a human being. I don't\ncare who you are, where you are, or where you come from. You are flesh and\nblood. You are a human being. You don't think I had gentile kids here for\nholidays. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=7410.0,7440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/249","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Sure, my kids had good Jewish friends that they will get along with\nthat they've never been to a Seder, they've never been to this. If they want to\ncome, bring them. We'll explain to them what this is all about.\n\nKENT: What was your impression of how black people and white people related to\neach other in the early days?\n\nGERSON: I think we should all be treated like human beings, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=7440.0,7470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/250","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"no matter where you\ncome from, what you look like. What if I would have one black hand and one white\nhand? What would that make me? I still have blood going through the same veins.\nMakes me mad. Yes, I don't understand it. Why am I treated different ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=7470.0,7500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/251","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because I'm\nJewish? Why are black people treated different because they black. Come to find\nout that I don't expect everybody to be Jewish. I don't expect every Catholic to\nmake me want to be Catholic. I believe that there's a G-d in heaven thanks to my\nhusband. He made me see that and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=7500.0,7530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/252","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"thank G-d that we are all here for a purpose\nand do what we need to do to deserve what we're getting. Why want what somebody\nelse has got? Why not enjoy what you have? You want more? Fine, you can have all\nyou want as long as you can afford to get it. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=7530.0,7560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/253","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I do without. I do a lot without, and I\ndon't miss it, because evidently if I don't have it, I don't need it. I have a\nroof over my head. I have my daily bread. I have my family. What else do I need?\nI pay my bills. I don't owe anybody any money. If I don't have the money to buy,\nI do without it and I'm fine.\n\nKENT: In what ways would you say you're different from ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=7560.0,7590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/254","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"other Jewish people or\nother people?\n\nGERSON: Different? Mostly it's beliefs.\n\nKENT: How?\n\nGERSON: It's beliefs. Everybody wants to be right. There's isn't such a thing.\nNot everybody's right; not everybody's wrong. I respect everybody's religion.\nWhatever . . . as long as you believe in G-d, it's fine with me. Whichever\nchannel you want to go through, it's your business.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=7590.0,7620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/255","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"KENT: Were you aware of raising your kids in any particular way because of your past?\n\nGERSON: No. That's why I didn't tell my children about my past. My children will\nhear this, what I'm telling you for the first time in their lives. My son is 52\nyears old.\n\nKENT: Explain more why ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=7620.0,7650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/256","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you chose that.\n\nGERSON: I have chosen not to tell my children for two reasons. Number one, what\nI went through and what my husband went through was very scary. Imagine a child\ngoing through hungry, thirsty, cold, hot, and scared. That's how we were. I\ndidn't want ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=7650.0,7680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/257","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"our children having that feeling. I want them to . . . they were\nlucky. They were growing up in a free country. We'd get not everything they\nwanted, but everything they need medically, physically, mentally. They were good\nstudents in schools. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=7680.0,7710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/258","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They made it through college. They married into Jewish\nfamilies. They have children, teaching them the same thing I was teaching them.\nI'm proud of that. Why should I disrupt their minds of [what was] different\n[from] what \"normal life is?\" This is normal life. We didn't have a normal life.\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=7710.0,7740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/259","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Under normal circumstances, kids don't grow up like my husband and I.\nUnfortunately, there was a bitter war that caused it, that brought this upon us.\nBecause before the war started, we had a normal life too.\n\nKENT: But even if you chose to not deliberately tell them . . .\n\nGERSON: Deliberately, yes.\n\nKENT: . . . do you have any idea how it might have come ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=7740.0,7770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/260","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"out of you way, in\nindirect ways?\n\nGERSON: From time to time, things come up that piece by piece, and segments, I'd\ntell them what they want to know. Every time that happens, my daughter says, \"I\nshould have brought my tape recorder. Why didn't I bring it? Next time, I'm\nbringing it.\" ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=7770.0,7800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/261","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I say, \"Don't worry about it.\" But it's in their memory. What's in\ntheir memory [is] what counts.\n\nEINSTEIN: What did it mean for you to have children, to start a family?\n\nGERSON: My life. My children came by choice. I wanted them. We picked the time.\nWe said, \"This is the time now.\" ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=7800.0,7830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/262","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I was hoping for four children, but I was\nblessed with two, and I'm proud of that. But at least we have a little family.\nMy children got married, they are into a family. Although, unfortunately,\nnobody's here [in Atlanta], but that's another thing that happens in life that\nyou have no control of.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=7830.0,7860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/263","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"KENT: Talk about your relationship with Abe over the years. What general things\ncould you say? How has the marriage been, especially considering your background?\n\nGERSON: We both went through the same thing pretty much. When you hear a\nHolocaust story, a lot of it falls into place that you've heard before. Yes,\neverybody had a little different experience ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=7860.0,7890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/264","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"maybe here and there. I've probably\nhad some other experiences in my life that . . . I didn't say everything because\nI'll sit here for five years. We pretty much went through the same thing and we\n[are] both thankful for what we got. If we see somebody our age that's not well\nand I'm complaining ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=7890.0,7920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/265","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about something, he says, \"Don't complain. At least you are\nwalking. See? She's in a wheelchair.\" We do appreciate the big stuff and the\nlittle stuff.\n\nEINSTEIN: Can you talk a little bit more about the transition from Europe to\ncoming to America? What that was like to arrive here your very first day?\n\nGERSON: The very first day . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=7920.0,7950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/266","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when I came, first of all, it was hot in\nAmerica. We came in April to Columbus, Georgia. I spent so much of my life in\nGermany, the hospital in a uniform . . . we didn't have any money. We didn't get\npaid for our work. We mostly worked for keep's sake, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=7950.0,7980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/267","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"under UNRRA. We had it good\nunder UNRRA. They gave us extra packages of goodies, but there was no money to\ngo to a clothing store to buy stuff. Then the black market was big. We\ndidn't have that kind of money. We were so scared of doing wrong because to come\nto America you had to have a complete ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=7980.0,8010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/268","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"good record. We were scared there. We\ndidn't do anything wrong. We had to be in good health, and we had to have a\ncomplete good record, we worked. Abe was on the police force in the hospital\nafter he got well and I was in nursing, we both worked and we got fed very well.\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=8010.0,8040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/269","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We picked up some weight. They had some fun things going on that we were doing\nas kids do. We were working our way. Even in Germany after the war, for us, it\nwas not what you can say a \"normal\" life. To me, a normal life is like ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=8040.0,8070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/270","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when we .\n. . after living with his family in Columbus, Georgia and after living with his\nfamily in Atlanta, when we got on our own, I knew what it's like to take my\nbillfold and go to the grocery store and buy my own groceries. I paid for it. If\nI wanted shoes and clothes, if this store didn't have what I want, I went next\ndoor. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=8070.0,8100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/271","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"See, I never had that. To me this is a normal life. It was a little\ndifferent in Europe before the war started. But every country has got a\ndifferent way of life. It's not everywhere the same thing. But wherever I've\nbeen, I can tell you this country's the best. You would have to carry me dead\nout of here to take ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=8100.0,8130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/272","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"me anywhere else. Every country has got a different way of\ntheir life and that's fine with me. Where you grow up, you think, \"This is the\nway.\" Not always.\n\nEINSTEIN: Was there ever any conflict between you and your children who grew up\nvery American? Did you ever have any sort of stress between what you expected as\na European or . . .\n\nGERSON: Not at all. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=8130.0,8160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/273","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I didn't expect anything European over my children. In fact,\nthe only thing that I made sure that my children learned is they appreciate a\ndollar [and] not to flounder in a way, because we don't have it. They can have\nanything they want, as long as they need it. They worked. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=8160.0,8190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/274","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"My son and my daughter\nboth worked. If we went shopping for clothes, my daughter wanted to go with her\nfriends. She worked in a clothing store here in town. She had a good friend, she\nstill is a good friend, and they went shopping. If they were working, they had\ntheir money. I made a deal with them. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=8190.0,8220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/275","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I said, \"The money you're making, the\nmoney you put away in the bank, I'll double it. This way you can save up.\" My\nson bought himself a bicycle out of his piggy bank, his first bicycle. I had to\nmeet him a little bit, but it didn't all come out of my pocket. He cut grass. He\nworked in a deli store over the weekend. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=8220.0,8250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/276","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He knew what it is to earn a dollar.\nWhen he went to college, they went on a loan. I was not afraid to put it on\ntheir checking account because I knew it was going to be taken care of. When we\nwent to buy the clothes, [I said,] \"You pick what you like. This is what you\nlike. This is what I like. What you like cost a little more. I'll buy it ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=8250.0,8280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/277","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for\nthis price, but you'll make up the difference and you can get the one you want.\"\nI bought the clothes, but if they wanted the more expensive ones, they paid the\ndifference. They didn't mind it and we were fine. My children were always\ndressed sharp, but they chose what they want. They knew that part of that they\nhad to make up for it, because [I said,] \"This is what I can afford and this is\nwhat you want. You buy it with my help.\"\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=8280.0,8310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/278","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"KENT: You talked about being angry at times, being mad about what happened. How\nhas anger been a part of your life since the war?\n\nGERSON: I'm still angry. In fact, my son and I were here two weeks ago. We were\ntalking about it. He mentioned it. I said, \"Jerry, I'm not angry at anybody.\" He\nsays, \"Yes you are, mother.\" They know me. He mentioned words, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=8310.0,8340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/279","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but I told him\nwhy I've been angry. I said, \"Well, this still stands. I am angry to a point.\nI'm still angry. I guess I'm going to die angry.\" I can't help it. First of all,\nI'm angry for two reasons. At first, I was mad at G-d. We are supposed to be his\nchosen people? You make your chosen people suffer like this? ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=8340.0,8370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/280","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Innocent children\nbeing sent to . . . we saw an orphanage of children being led to . . . the\ncrematorium. Wouldn't that make you angry? Only because they were Jewish\nchildren. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=8370.0,8400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/281","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Wouldn't that make you angry? Tell me. How would you feel if you saw a\nwhole orphanage of Jewish children? If you would see Jewish children of Jewish\nmothers tearing away from their arms, and throw them on a truck like they're\ngarbage, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=8400.0,8430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/282","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"wouldn't that make you angry? That made me angry when I was a kid\nwatching that. Yes, I'm angry. Where were the Jews in America? They blaming it\nall on [President Franklin D.] Roosevelt? Roosevelt was one man. How many Jews\nare there here ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=8430.0,8460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/283","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in this country? Yes, I'm angry. I have no reason to be, maybe\nnot, but I am. My heart hurts.\n\nKENT: What are the things that you're proud of about yourself and your life?\n\nGERSON: What I'm proud of [is] I am proud of now being an American, very much\nso. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=8460.0,8490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/284","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm proud of my children. I'm proud of my grandchildren. They are all doing\nso great, the Judaism. They doing so great in schools. They're all working\ntoward a future. I got a married granddaughter. She married a Jewish guy. I'm\nproud of that. I'm thanking G-d I still have my husband. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=8490.0,8520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/285","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We've been through . .\n. he had open heart surgery. He had a heart attack he's been through, but thank\nG-d, he's still with me. Maybe there's a reason. Maybe there's a purpose of\neverything. Maybe so. I don't know. I don't have all the answers. G-d doesn't\ngive me all the answers. But I'm proud of myself, of doing the best that I can\nin my life. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=8520.0,8550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/286","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"G-d is above me. He knows I'm doing the level best that I can. I\ngive tzedakah, whatever I can afford.\n\nKENT: What would you want Jewish people to learn from what happened?\n\nGERSON: I would like the Jewish people in this country not to take everything\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=8550.0,8580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/287","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for granted, to appreciate and enjoy the good life. For people, for G-d's sake,\nquit the hate. Life is too short to hate. Learn more to love.\n\nKENT: When you see the Mideast situation. . .\n\nGERSON: It hurts me.\n\nKENT: What does that do to you?\n\nGERSON: It hurts me. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=8580.0,8610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/288","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Abe and I are up every night at 11:30 to listen to [Ted]\nKoppel. We read every article we can. Again, for the life of me, Jewish people\nare hardworking people. They work for what they have, but yet somebody else\nwants to come along and take it. Why? It's theirs. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=8610.0,8640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/289","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They worked for. Whatever\nIsraeli has got, they fought and lost life for. Why can't they have it and enjoy\nit? Why does everybody else have to come want to take it away? They cities out\nof desert, where there was no water to make room for the Jewish people from\naround the world. Why does everybody else want to come and take it away? ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=8640.0,8670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/290","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Let\nsomebody give me an answer to that. Nobody's got the answer to that. That's what\nhurts. I'm not saying the others shouldn't have it. By all means, every human\nbeing should have what they deserve, what they can work for, what they can have.\nThe world is big. It's open for everybody. Why concentrate on taking away\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=8670.0,8700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/291","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"somebody else's rather than take the energy and work for yourself for something?\nLet somebody bring me an answer for that.\n\nKENT: Is there anything else you would like to say to people who will be\nwatching this someday?\n\nGERSON: Yes. The only thing that is left for me to say is, \"Take it day by day,\nenjoy today, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=8700.0,8730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/transcript/47213/annotation/292","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"make the most of it, and hope for a good tomorrow. We never know\nwhat we're going to wake up to, but let's keep the dream going of the good\nthings. Let's wake up to a happy tomorrow and peace on earth for all of us.\"\n\nKENT: Thank you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=8730.0,8760.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/annotation_set/1095","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Annotations [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/annotation_set/1095/annotation/293","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLodz [Polish: Łódź] was a large textile manufacturing city and Jewish cultural center about 75 miles (121 km) from Warsaw. Lodz was approximately 143 miles (230 km) east of the German border. Jews were an integral part of the textile industry of Lodz, which was known as the “Manchester of Poland.” (The city of Manchester had been the center of Great Britain’s textile industry since the Industrial Revolution.) Jews owned many plants and factories in Lodz, including one of the largest in Europe. On the eve of World War II, Lodz had a population of 665,000, of whom 34 percent (223,000) were Jews. Lodz also had a sizable German population, amounting to 10 percent of the total. The vast majority of Jews living in Lodz before World War II spoke Yiddish, but increasingly used Polish. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/annotation_set/1095/annotation/294","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAdolf Hitler (1889-1945) was a German politician who was the leader of the Nazi Party, Chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945, and Führer (“leader”) of Nazi Germany from 1934 to 1945. As dictator of Nazi Germany, he initiated World War II in Europe with the invasion of Poland in September 1939 and was a central figure of the Holocaust.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=180.0,210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/annotation_set/1095/annotation/295","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eYontif\u003c/em\u003e refers to a Jewish holiday, especially one on which work is prohibited, and is a term most commonly used among Orthodox Jews.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=240.0,270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/annotation_set/1095/annotation/296","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBefore the Holocaust, Jews were the largest minority in Poland. In Poland’s major cities, Jews and Poles spoke each other’s languages and interacted in markets and on the streets. Even smaller towns and villages in Poland were, to some extent, mixed communities. That did not mean that antisemitism did not impact the lives of Polish Jews, however. The antisemitic atmosphere increased in Poland during the 1930s. After World War I, Poland had become a democratic independent state and increasing Polish nationalism made Poland a hostile place for many Jews. A series of pogroms and discriminatory laws were signs of growing antisemitism, while fewer and fewer opportunities to emigrate were available. An economic boycott of Jewish businesses was in full force by 1937.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=270.0,300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/annotation_set/1095/annotation/297","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAntisemitism is prejudice against, hostility to, or hatred of Jews.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=300.0,330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/annotation_set/1095/annotation/298","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAntisemitism is prejudice against, hostility to, or hatred of Jews.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=540.0,570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/annotation_set/1095/annotation/299","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe term “ghetto” originated in sixteenth-century Venice from the Jewish quarter, where authorities compelled the city’s Jews to live. The term’s usage spread across Europe and referred to areas within cities where members of minorities (typically Jews) lived and were often restricted to by the authorities as a way to separate them from the majority Christian population. During World War II, Nazi Germany established ghettos in segregated city districts to further isolate and imprison regional Jewish populations. Starting in 1939, the Germans established at least 1,000 ghettos in German-occupied and annexed Poland and the Soviet Union alone. Jews living in ghettos experienced miserable conditions and overcrowding.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=570.0,600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/annotation_set/1095/annotation/300","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWorld War II officially began in Europe when Germany invaded Poland on Friday, September 1, 1939. Britain and France responded by declaring war on Germany on September 3. By September 8, the Germans had occupied Lodz. In 1939, Britain and France had signed a series of military agreements with Poland that formed a military alliance based on mutual assistance in case of a military invasion from Germany. The support of Britain and France proved only nominal, however. Within a month, Poland was defeated by a combination of German and Soviet forces and was partitioned between Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=600.0,630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/annotation_set/1095/annotation/301","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eImmediately after the Germans occupied Lodz, anti-Jewish violence broke out in the city. The Germans began seizing Jews for forced labor, confiscating Jewish property, and executing or deporting to concentration camps hundreds of the city’s elite. Antisemitic restrictions were also immediately passed. Jews were forbidden to congregate for religious services and they were forced to wear the yellow star. Curfews were imposed and radios were confiscated. In addition, Jews were barred from most professions, and all Jewish communal institutions were ordered to disband.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=690.0,720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/annotation_set/1095/annotation/302","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eKashrut is a set of dietary laws dealing with the foods that Jews are permitted to eat and how those foods must be prepared according to Jewish law. Food that may be consumed is deemed kosher, from the Ashkenazi pronunciation of the Hebrew term kashér, meaning \"fit\" (in this context, \"fit for consumption\"). In colloquial English, kosher often means \"legitimate,\" \"acceptable,\" \"permissible,\" \"genuine,\" or \"authentic.\"\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=780.0,810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/annotation_set/1095/annotation/303","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe National Socialist German Workers’ Party (NSDAP), commonly known as the “Nazi Party,” was a political party in Germany active between 1920 and 1945. The party’s leader was Adolf Hitler. Initially, Nazi political strategy focused on anti-big business, anti-bourgeois, and anti-capitalist rhetoric. In the 1930s the party's focus shifted to antisemitic and anti-Marxist themes. Racism was also central to Nazism. The Nazis aimed to unite all Germans as national comrades, whilst excluding those deemed either to be community aliens or of a foreign race. The Nazis sought to improve the stock of the Germanic people through racial purity and eugenics, broad social welfare programs, and a disregard for the value of individual life, which could be sacrificed for the good of the Nazi state and the “Aryan master race.” The persecution reached its climax when the party-controlled German state organized the systematic murder of approximately 6,000,000 Jews and 5,000,000 people from the other targeted groups.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=810.0,840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/annotation_set/1095/annotation/304","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIn March and April 1940, the Germans encircled the ghetto with a barbed wire and wooden fence. On April 30, the gates closed on its 163,777 residents.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=1020.0,1050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/annotation_set/1095/annotation/305","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOn December 10, 1939, a ghetto was established in Lodz. It was to be established on 1.6 square miles (4.13 km) in the northern neighborhoods of Baluty, Stare Miastro (Old Town), and Marysin. The ghetto was publicly announced in February 1940. Jews were to move in by April 19 and Poles and ethnic Germans were to move out of the neighborhoods by the end of April.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=1020.0,1050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/annotation_set/1095/annotation/306","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePogrom is a Russian word meaning \"to wreak havoc, to demolish violently\" that historically refers to violent attacks on by local non-Jewish populations on Jews. Anti-Jewish pogroms in the Russian Empire were large-scale, targeted, and repeated anti-Jewish rioting that first began in the 19th century.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=1140.0,1170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/annotation_set/1095/annotation/307","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe living conditions in the ghetto, including food rations, were very poor because the ghetto was hermetically sealed. The mortality rate was very high. In the Lodz ghetto, a system of food cards was introduced. They were used to divide food supplied to the ghetto by the German authorities. Ghetto inhabitants stood in line for hours on end to receive their meager food rations. Distribution of different foods took place in different locations throughout the ghetto. Bread and other food were distributed only once every few days and families were forced to make do with what was distributed until the next food distribution. This policy required careful rationing among families. Conditions in the Lodz ghetto declined rapidly. In the first months of the ghetto’s existence, daily food rations equaled about 1,800 calories per person. By mid-1942, they had decreased to 600 calories. Most Jews subsisted on a daily bowl of watery cabbage or potato soup, a piece of bread, and a small evening snack of radish greens of potato peels. Paltry heating rations meant most residents did not have heating or hot water for bathing and laundry. The poor conditions contributed to outbreaks of typhus and dysentery. In 1942, the annual death toll in the ghetto peaked at 18,000. Overall, 45,327 people died in the ghetto. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=1350.0,1380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/annotation_set/1095/annotation/308","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIn the summer of 1944, there were still more than 77,000 Jews alive in the Lodz ghetto. On June 23, 1944 the final liquidation of the Lodz ghetto began. Over the course of the next three weeks, ten transports carried 7,176 Jews to the Chelmno extermination camp. After a brief break, deportations began again. On August 9–August 28, SS and police units liquidated the Lodz ghetto. More than 60,000 Jews and an undetermined number of Roma (Gypsies) were deported to the Auschwitz-Birkenau killing center.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=1500.0,1530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/annotation_set/1095/annotation/309","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTo ensure the final deportations of the Lodz ghetto would go smoothly, the Germans increased their level of deception. Notices appeared in the ghetto promising the Jews they would be deported with their families to work within Germany. Factory equipment was even loaded into cattle cars along with the ghetto’s Jewish laborers.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=1500.0,1530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/annotation_set/1095/annotation/310","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Russians had begun an offensive in June 1944 and were quickly moving eastward. By July, the city of Lublin, Poland had been liberated and Soviet forces had reached Warsaw. Meanwhile, the British, Canadians and Americans had begun liberating France.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=1560.0,1590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/annotation_set/1095/annotation/311","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWorld War I, also called First World War or Great War, was an international conflict that in 1914–18 embroiled most of the nations of Europe along with Russia, the United States, the Middle East, and other regions. The war pitted the Central Powers—mainly Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Turkey—against the Allies—mainly France, Great Britain, Russia, Italy, Japan, and, from 1917, the United States. It ended with the defeat of the Central Powers.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=1650.0,1680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/annotation_set/1095/annotation/312","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRail traffic on most railway lines in German-occupied Europe during World War II was extremely dense and trains with prisoners took the lowest priority. A trip that might have been made in a few hours during normal conditions would often take days. Conditions on the train were brutal. The Jews were so tightly packed into windowless freight cars it was difficult to breathe. Without food, water, and proper sanitation measures, it was a miserable and traumatic experience. Many transports included people who already experienced pogroms, ghettos, and other stressful and violent situations. The process of loading the trains was often very chaotic and violent as well. Already weakened from their experiences, many passengers—especially any that might have been very young, old, or sick—died during their journeys.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=1710.0,1740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/annotation_set/1095/annotation/313","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAuschwitz-Birkenau was a network of camps built and operated by Germany just outside the Polish town of Oswiecem (renamed “Auschwitz” by the Germans) in Polish areas annexed by Germany during World War II. Auschwitz was a complex of camps: the Main Camp (Auschwitz I), Auschwitz-Birkenau (Auschwitz II) and Monowitz (Auschwitz III). Many smaller sub-camps were attached to the complex, which drew their labor from the Main Camp and Auschwitz-Birkenau. It is estimated that the SS and police deported at a minimum 1.3 million people (approximately 1.1 million of which were Jews) to the Auschwitz-Birkenau complex between 1940 and 1945. Camp authorities murdered 1.1 million of these prisoners. Auschwitz II, also known as Birkenau, was about 2-1/2 miles away from the main camp. It had the largest total prisoner population. This is the camp with the big brick gate and the railroad tracks leading to the ramp and where the four gas chambers and crematoria came to be located.  The Monowitz camp also known as Auschwitz III or Buna, was about 4 miles east of the Auschwitz Main Camp. It was a complex built to house slave laborers for the German chemical firm IG Farben.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=1740.0,1770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/annotation_set/1095/annotation/314","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAuschwitz II, also known as Birkenau, had the largest total prisoner population. It was divided into more than a dozen sections separated by electronic barbed wire fences, and was patrolled by SS guards. The camp included sections for women, men, a family camp for Roma, and a family camp for Jewish families deported from the Theresienstadt ghetto. Auschwitz-Birkenau also contained the facilities for a killing center. It played a central role in the German plan to kill the Jews of Europe. Near Birkenau, the SS initially converted two farmhouses for use as gas chambers. “Provisional” gas chamber I went into operation in January 1942 and was later dismantled. “Provisional” gas chamber II operated from June 1942 through the fall of 1944. The SS judged these facilities to be inadequate for the scale of gassing they planned at Auschwitz-Birkenau. Four large crematorium buildings were constructed between March and June 1943. Each had three components: a disrobing area, a large gas chamber and crematorium ovens. The SS continued gassing operations at Auschwitz-Birkenau until November 1944.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=1830.0,1860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/annotation_set/1095/annotation/315","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTo assist in managing the large communities within concentration or labor camps, German authorities installed a hierarchy of administrative units under their control. A \u003cem\u003ekapo\u003c/em\u003e was a prisoner in a concentration camp who was assigned by the SS guards to supervise forced labor or carry out administrative tasks in the camp. \u003cem\u003eKapos\u003c/em\u003e were generally criminals. The k\u003cem\u003eapo\u003c/em\u003e system minimized costs by allowing the camps to function with fewer SS personnel. It was designed to turn victim against victim, as the\u003cem\u003e kapos\u003c/em\u003e were pitted against their fellow prisoners in order to maintain the favor of their SS guards.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=1890.0,1920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/annotation_set/1095/annotation/316","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eApproximately 13,000 people were sent to 160 forced labor camps from Lodz. In the spring and summer of 1940 Jewish males aged 16 to 45 were taken to labor camps in the Lublin area to build fortifications on the frontiers of the Soviet Union. Most died in the camps or from illness. The Germans also often captured men for forced labor or the Judenrat would supply workers. Forced labor involved backbreaking work such as street cleaning, repairing the roads, draining swampy fields, or digging trenches and canals.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=2160.0,2190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/annotation_set/1095/annotation/317","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDuring the Holocaust, concentration camp prisoners received tattoos only at one location: the Auschwitz-Birkenau concentration camp complex. Tattooing was introduced at Auschwitz in the autumn of 1941 for Soviet prisoners of war. In March 1942, tattoos were used to identify prisoners at Auschwitz II (Birkenau). By the spring of 1943, the SS authorities throughout the entire Auschwitz complex adopted the practice of tattooing almost all previously registered and newly arrived prisoners, including female prisoners. Prisoners were given tattoos on their forearms of their camp serial number, which was also sewn onto their uniforms. Only prisoners selected for work were registered and given serial numbers; those that were sent directly to the gas chambers were not registered or given tattoos. The biggest group of those deported to Auschwitz-Birkenau was Jews from more than 20 European countries. Until 1944, both Jewish men and women were ascribed with numbers from general series. In May 1944, the camp authorities decided to distinguish all Jewish prisoners with a separate system of numbered series. An assumption was to start the Jewish women and men series with subsequent letters of the alphabet. In such a system, from May 1944 until the end of the camp's functioning, there were: 20,000 numbers with a letter \"A\" issued to male Jewish prisoners; 15,000 numbers with a letter \"B\" issued to male Jewish prisoners; 30,000 numbers with a letter \"A\" issued to female Jewish prisoners.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=2370.0,2400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/annotation_set/1095/annotation/318","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eParis, France is the capital city and largest city in France. The city dates back to approximately 259 BC. In June 1940, the German army marched into Paris and took control of the city. In July 1942, the German military ordered that the French police arrest over 12,000 Jews, who after being held for five days were transported by train to Auschwitz. The city was liberated by the French and American forces in August 1944.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=2610.0,2640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/annotation_set/1095/annotation/319","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBergen-Belsen was a Nazi concentration camp in what is today Lower Saxony in northern Germany, southwest of the town of Bergen near Celle. Originally established as a prisoner of war camp, in 1943, parts of it became a concentration camp. Initially this was an \"exchange camp\", where Jewish hostages were held with the intention of exchanging them for German prisoners of war held overseas. The camp was later expanded to accommodate Jews from other concentration camps. From 1941 to 1945, almost 20,000 Soviet prisoners of war and a further 50,000 inmates died there. Overcrowding, lack of food and poor sanitary conditions caused outbreaks of typhus, tuberculosis, typhoid fever and dysentery, leading to the deaths of more than 35,000 people in the first few months of 1945, shortly before and after the liberation.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=2880.0,2910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/annotation_set/1095/annotation/320","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA tent camp was erected in Bergen-Belsen in August 1944. Initially, it served as a transit camp for non-Jewish women from Poland, whom the Germans had deported to the Reich to work in armaments factories, but the SS soon began using the tent camp to house sick and injured prisoners transported from other concentration camps who were no longer able to work . By November 1944, the tent camp also held around 8,000 women who had been evacuated from Auschwitz-Birkenau, most of whom were Jewish. Eventually, the tents were so badly damaged by a storm that the prisoners from the tent camp were moved into already overcrowded barracks.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=2910.0,2940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/annotation_set/1095/annotation/321","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHasidic Judaism [also sometimes called Chasidim (from the Hebrew word \"Chasid\" meaning \"pious”)] is a Jewish mystical movement that was founded in eighteenth century Eastern Europe by Rabbi Israel Baal Shem Tov. It promotes spirituality through the popularization and internalization of Jewish mysticism as the fundamental aspect of the faith. Hasidic Judaism refers to a branch of Orthodox Judaism that maintains a lifestyle separate from the non-Jewish world.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=3300.0,3330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/annotation_set/1095/annotation/322","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA synagogue is a Jewish house of worship where the congregation meets for religious services and instruction.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=3630.0,3660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/annotation_set/1095/annotation/323","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGefilte fish is a dish similar to a meatloaf, made out of ground fish, onions, starch and eggs. It is traditionally enjoyed by Ashkenazi Jews on \u003cem\u003eShabbat\u003c/em\u003e and Jewish holidays. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=3660.0,3690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/annotation_set/1095/annotation/324","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAs the Russian army drew near the extermination and slave labor camps in the East, the Germans marched the prisoners on foot out of the camps to the West, usually back into Germany where they were often abandoned in camps such as Bergen-Belsen and Buchenwald. These marches could last for weeks, without food or water, during which time many of the prisoners died and were left along the side of the road.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=3690.0,3720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/annotation_set/1095/annotation/325","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEstablished on March 22, 1933, Dachau was the first concentration camp established by the Nazi regime. It was located in southern Germany near the town of Dachau, about 10 miles northwest of Munich. Over 188,000 prisoners passed through Dachau between 1933 and 1945. Prisoners at Dachau were used as forced laborers and tens of thousands were literally worked to death. American troops liberated the camp on April 29, 1945.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=3750.0,3780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/annotation_set/1095/annotation/326","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Dachau concentration camp operated a vast network of 140 subcamps. Most of these subcamps were in southern Bavaria, in close proximity to armaments factories. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=3750.0,3780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/annotation_set/1095/annotation/327","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eWehrmacht\u003c/em\u003e was the name of the unified armed forces of Nazi Germany from 1934-1945. It included the army (\u003cem\u003eHeer\u003c/em\u003e), the navy (\u003cem\u003eKriegsmarine\u003c/em\u003e), and the air force (\u003cem\u003eLauftwaffe\u003c/em\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=3780.0,3810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/annotation_set/1095/annotation/328","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMillions of Eastern Europeans—Belarussians, Estonians, Latvians, Lithuanians, Poles, Russians, Ukrainians, and Yugoslavs—were brought to Germany as forced laborers from 1941 to 1945. Called \u003cem\u003eOstarbeitern\u003c/em\u003e [German: eastern workers], the majority were women. Some were sent German homes to care for children and perform household chores, and other were sent to work on small farms, but the majority worked in the industrial sector—in textile mills, sugar refineries, ammunition factories, airplane and railcar manufacturing, chemical plants, rubber factories, and coal mines. Although \u003cem\u003eOstarbeitern\u003c/em\u003e were typically housed separate from Jewish prisoners, they also endured brutal conditions.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=3900.0,3930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/annotation_set/1095/annotation/329","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe \u003cem\u003eAufseherinnen\u003c/em\u003e [German: overseers or attendants] were female guards who served in Nazi concentration camps. The first female guards arrived at Auschwitz and Majdanek camps from Ravensbruck in 1942. In 1943, there was a guard shortage and Nazis began recruiting women to fill the guard positions.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=4140.0,4170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/annotation_set/1095/annotation/330","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe SS or \u003cem\u003eSchutzstaffel\u003c/em\u003e was a major paramilitary organization under Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party. It began at the end of 1920 as a small, permanent guard unit known as the “\u003cem\u003eSaal-Schutz\u003c/em\u003e” made up of Nazi Party volunteers to provide security for party meetings in Munich. Later, in 1925, Heinrich Himmler joined the unit, which had by then been reformed and renamed the “\u003cem\u003eSchutz-Staffel\u003c/em\u003e.” Under Himmler’s leadership, it grew from a small paramilitary formation to one of the largest and most powerful organizations in the Third Reich. Under Himmler’s command, it was responsible for many of the crimes against humanity during World War II. Among other activities, black-shirted SS men served as guards at labor and concentration camps. After World War II, like the Nazi Party, it was declared a criminal organization by the International Military Tribunal and banned in Germany.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=4140.0,4170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/annotation_set/1095/annotation/331","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe International Committee of the Red Cross (“Red Cross”) is a humanitarian institution based in Geneva, Switzerland. At the end of World War II, the Red Cross worked with national Red Cross societies to organize relief assistance to those countries most severely affected by the war and set up a registration and tracing service for missing persons.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=4200.0,4230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/annotation_set/1095/annotation/332","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLiberators confronted unspeakable conditions in the camps. Piles of corpses often lay unburied, and survivors were so weak, emaciated, or sick that thousands died in the weeks after liberation. After liberation, camp survivors faced a long and difficult road to recovery. Well-meaning soldiers, volunteers or locals without proper medical training often gave survivors foods that made their conditions worse. Eating foods that were too rich or complex for survivors’ bodies to handle could exasperate years of malnutrition and starvation, resulting in sickness or death.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=4320.0,4350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/annotation_set/1095/annotation/333","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWhen hostilities ended on May 8, 1945 in Europe, as many as 100,000 Jewish survivors found themselves among the 7,000,000 uprooted and homeless people classified as displaced persons (DPs). In a chaotic six-month period, 6,000,000 non-Jewish DPs, who had been deported to Germany as forced laborers for the Nazis, wandered through Germany and Eastern Europe toward their homelands. The liberated Jews, who were plagued by illness and exhaustion, emerged from concentration camps and hiding places to discover a world in which they had no place. Bereft of home and family, and reluctant to return to their pre-war homelands, these Jews were joined in a matter of months by more than 150,000 other Jews fleeing fierce antisemitism in Poland, Hungary, Romania and Russia. In late 1945 and the summer of 1946, a series of horrific assaults against surviving Jewish communities occurred in postwar East Central Europe, particularly in Poland, Hungary, Slovakia, Ukraine, Russia and Romania. Allied forces established temporary facilities (DP camps) across Germany, Austria, and Italy to house DPs. Often, shelter was improvised and DPs found themselves housed in everything from former military barracks, summer camps and airports to castles, hotels and even private homes. In 1946 and 1947, the number of DPs in the camps rose substantially and conditions were often overcrowded and harsh. New organization and policies eventually took shape that substantially improved the DPs camps. Refugees were given some authority to manage their own affairs and some survivors began to establish new political and cultural lives. Many DPs married and started families while in the camps. From 1945 to 1952, more than 250,000 Jewish displaced persons lived in camps and urban centers in Germany, Austria, and Italy administered by Allied authorities and the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA). Eventually, DPs were repatriated to their home countries, reestablished themselves in new countries or immigrated outside of Europe. Most camps were closed by 1950.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=4740.0,4770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/annotation_set/1095/annotation/334","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLandsberg am Lech (or simply “Landsberg”) is a town in southwest Bavaria, Germany, about 40 miles (65 km) west of Munich. It housed the second largest displaced persons camp in the American Zone. It was founded in April 1945 in former military barracks. From October 1945, Landsberg functioned as an exclusively Jewish Camp. The population of 5,000 Jewish DPs was chiefly comprised of Russian, Latvian, and Lithuanian survivors.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=4740.0,4770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/annotation_set/1095/annotation/335","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA) was founded in 1943. Its mission was to provide economic assistance to European nations after World War II and to repatriate and assist the refugees who would come under Allied control. UNRRA managed hundreds of displaced persons camps and played a major role in repatriating survivors to their home countries in 1946-1947. It largely shut down operations in 1947.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=4860.0,4890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/annotation_set/1095/annotation/336","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMiriam is likely referring to a few programs that occurred after WWII to help orphaned and displaced children. One program was called the United States Committee for the Care of European Children (USCOM). The program started in 1940 to admit more refugee children being evacuated from war zones in Europe. Once the war ended the USCOM worked to help displaced children including many that came to the United Staes. The UNRRA (United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration) also ran a program that tried to reconnect displaced children with any existing immediate family member or other family members that might be in the United States or other countries including Israel.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=4890.0,4920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/annotation_set/1095/annotation/337","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDisplaced Jews registered with various aid agencies like UNRRA (United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration), the IRO (International Refugee Organization), or the British Red Cross’ Central Tracing Bureau (which would later be renamed the International Tracing Service) in the hopes of reconnecting with any surviving family members. In many cases immediate family members could not be found because they had been killed in the concentration camps.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=4920.0,4950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/annotation_set/1095/annotation/338","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDespite their wartime alliance, tensions between the Soviet Union and the United States and Great Britain intensified rapidly as the World War II came to a close. After Germany’s surrender in 1945, Soviet troops occupied most of Eastern Europe. As Soviet power and influence expanded, a communist dictatorship was established under Josef Stalin, who led the Soviet Union from the mid–1920s until 1953. Several countries in Eastern Europe—Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, and East Germany—operated as Soviet satellite states. These countries were not officially part of the USSR, but their governments were loyal Stalinists, and therefore looked to and aligned themselves with the Soviet Union politically and militarily via the Warsaw Pact. After liberation, many Eastern European Jewish survivors encountered manifestations of antisemitism, hostility, and violence from the local populations when they returned home. In 1946, a surge of Jewish survivors and refugees from the Soviet Union flooded into the western Allies’ zones, hoping to escape the anti-Jewish violence and further persecution from Stalin’s regime. By that time, escalating tensions between the Soviet Union and the western European countries that were allied to the United States had created a political, military, and ideological barrier that divided Europe. In order to curb a concentration of anti-communist political expatriates in the West, the Soviet Union began closing borders.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=4980.0,5010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/annotation_set/1095/annotation/339","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBrooklyn is a borough of New York City. It is named after the Dutch town of Breukelen. It is located on the westernmost edge of Long Island and shares a border with Queens.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=5100.0,5130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/annotation_set/1095/annotation/340","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eYiddish is the common historical language of Ashkenazi Jews from Central and Eastern Europe. It is heavily Germanic based but uses the Hebrew alphabet. The language was spoken or understood as a common tongue for many European Jews up until the middle of the twentieth century.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=5160.0,5190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/annotation_set/1095/annotation/341","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSt. Ottilien Archabbey is a Benedictine monastery built in the nineteenth century in Emming, a small village in southern Germany. The extensive complex included agricultural facilities, a printing press, guesthouse, and an infirmary with an X-ray machine and other state-of-the art equipment. In 1941, German authorities requisitioned the monastery and turned the infirmary into a military hospital. When the war ended, it became an Allied-occupied displaced persons camp. Between 1945 and 1948, it welcomed some 5,000 Jewish refugees. On top of a functioning hospital, mostly managed by Jewish doctors, it also had a school, a police force and a maternity ward. Some 450 babies were born at the monastery in the years following the end of the war. Though the camp was overseen by the U.S. Army and later the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration, Jewish survivors assumed key roles as teachers, physicians and members of a police force tasked with keeping the uneasy peace among the Jews, Germans and monks occupying the space.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=5400.0,5430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/annotation_set/1095/annotation/342","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe term “concentration camp” refers to a camp in which people are detained or confined, usually under harsh conditions and without regard to legal norms of arrest and imprisonment that are acceptable in a constitutional democracy. In Nazi Germany between 1933 and 1945, concentration camps (Konzentrationslager; briefly “KL” or “KZ”) were an integral feature of the regime. The Nazis differentiated between concentration camps, which were used to contain slave laborers and prisoners of the Nazi state, and extermination camps, whose primary purpose was the systematic killing of prisoners. Shortly after coming to power in 1933, the Nazis began to set up a series of concentration camps across Germany. Those were mostly local initiatives: facilities that the SA, SS, and police established on an ad hoc basis, where they would detain and abuse real and imagined enemies of the regime. By 1934, there were over 100 of these early camps in operation. When the Nazi regime came to power, they systematically persecuted both Jewish and non-Jewish Germans perceived to be opponents of the regime. Political opponents (Communists, Social Democrats, liberals) were some of the first victims housed in “temporary” detention centers like Lichtenburg. Jews, homosexuals, Freemasons, Jehovah's Witnesses, clergy who opposed the Nazis, and any others whose behavior—real or perceived—could be interpreted as being in opposition to Nazi political and racial ideologies were also persecuted and incarcerated. The Nazi regime refused to tolerate criticism, dissent, or nonconformity from the German people. Non-Jewish German political activists were treated harshly but other political opponents remained potentially valuable members of the German race. The goal behind their internment in and subsequent release from concentration camps was often a kind of reeducation that would see them fall into line with the regime’s political and racial ideologies. Between 1933 and 1939, tens of thousands of Germans were sentenced by the criminal courts. If authorities were confident of a conviction in court, the prisoner was turned over to the justice system for trial. If the outcome of criminal proceedings were unsatisfactory, the acquitted citizen or the citizen who was sentenced to a suspended sentence would still be taken into “protective detention” and incarcerated in a concentration camp. The first concentration camps were established in 1933. Various authorities set up the makeshift “camps” in empty warehouses, factories, and other locations. Camps were established in Oranienburg, north of Berlin; Esterwegen, near Hamburg; Dachau, northwest of Munich; and Lichtenburg, in Saxony. By the end of July 1933, almost 27,000 people were housed in these camps. Most of the prisoners were political opponents of the Nazi regime. By the end of 1934, most of these early camps were disbanded and replaced by a centrally organized concentration camp system under the exclusive jurisdiction of the SS.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=5520.0,5550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/annotation_set/1095/annotation/343","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eColumbus is a city in western Georgia and lies on the Chattahoochee River directly across from Phenix City, Alabama. The city was founded in 1828 and is named for Christopher Columbus. The city was the site of the last land battle of the Civil War. The Battle of Columbus, Georgia occurred on April 16, 1865, after the Lee’s surrender and the assassination of President Lincoln. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=5700.0,5730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/annotation_set/1095/annotation/344","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAn Affidavit of Support is a contract signed by an individual agreeing to use their financial resources to help support an individual intending to immigrate to the United States. The individual who signs the affidavit of support becomes the sponsor of the intending immigrate until they become a U.S. citizen or is credited with 40 quarters of work.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=5850.0,5880.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/annotation_set/1095/annotation/345","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSunshine Department Stores were a chain of discount stores in the Atlanta, Georgia area. The chain was first opened in 1959 by Harry Sunshine (1896-1967), a Russian Jewish immigrant.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=6390.0,6420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/annotation_set/1095/annotation/346","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFulton High School was open from 1915-1994. It was originally located at Whitehall Street and Garnett Street and in 1926 moved to Washington Street. In 1950, the school relocated to Jonesboro Re SE in Atlanta.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=6420.0,6450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/annotation_set/1095/annotation/347","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePanama City is located in the panhandle of Florida. It is the largest city between the Florida capital, Tallahassee and Pensacola, Florida. The city was incorporated in 1909.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=6960.0,6990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/annotation_set/1095/annotation/348","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe total Jewish population of Europe in 1933 was estimated at about 9.5 million, which was more than 60 percent of the world’s Jewish population. Most European Jews lived in eastern Europe, with about 5.5 million Jews living in Poland and the Soviet Union. By the time the Holocaust and World War II had ended over a decade later, most European Jews—two out of every three—were dead. The best and most commonly accepted estimate of Jewish victims is six million, with approximately three million of those from Poland and 1,340,000 of those from the Soviet Union. The Holocaust is the best documented case of genocide, yet calculating how many individuals were killed during the Holocaust and World War II as a result of Nazi policies is difficult as no single document exists which spells out how many died. To accurately estimate the extent of human losses, scholars, governmental agencies and Jewish organizations since the 1940s have relied on a variety of records including census reports, captured archives, and postwar investigations. The best and most commonly accepted estimate of Jewish victims is six million. Among the estimated six million Jews killed during the Holocaust, Germany and its collaborators killed around 1.5 million Jewish children. Children were not specifically singled out because they were children, but because of their alleged membership in dangerous racial, biological, or political groups. Children had one of the lowest rates of survival in concentration and extermination camps. In Auschwitz-Birkenau and other killing centers, young children were immediately sent to the gas chambers. Adolescents (13-18 years old) had a greater chance of survival as they could be used for slave labor. Tens of thousands of Romani, between 5,000 and 7,000 German children with physical and mental abilities living in institutions, as well as many Polish children and children living in the German-occupied Soviet Union were also killed during the Holocaust.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=7080.0,7110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/annotation_set/1095/annotation/349","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSimchat Torah\u003c/em\u003e [Hebrew: Rejoicing of Torah] is a Jewish holiday that celebrates and marks the conclusion of the annual cycle of public Torah readings, and the beginning of a new cycle. The main celebration of \u003cem\u003eSimchat Torah\u003c/em\u003e takes place in the synagogue during evening and morning services. In Orthodox as well as many Conservative congregations, this is the only time of year when the \u003cem\u003eTorah\u003c/em\u003e scrolls are taken out of the ark and read at night.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=7260.0,7290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/annotation_set/1095/annotation/350","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe University of Georgia (UGA) is a public land grant university, which was founded in 1785 making it one of the oldest universities in the United States. Its main campus is in Athens, Georgia with two satellite campuses in Atlanta and Lawrenceville. It is the flagship school of the University System of Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=7320.0,7350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/annotation_set/1095/annotation/351","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSeder\u003c/em\u003e [Hebrew: order] is a Jewish ritual feast that marks the beginning of the Jewish holiday of Passover. It is conducted on the evening of the fifteenth day of \u003cem\u003eNisan\u003c/em\u003e in the Hebrew calendar throughout the world. Some communities hold \u003cem\u003eseder\u003c/em\u003e on both the first two nights of Passover. The \u003cem\u003eseder\u003c/em\u003e incorporates prayers, candle lighting, and traditional foods symbolizing the slavery of the Jews and the exodus from Egypt. It is one of the most colorful and joyous occasions in Jewish life.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=7440.0,7470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/annotation_set/1095/annotation/352","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe systematic, government-sponsored attempt by the German Nazi government to annihilate the Jews of Europe between 1939 and 1945, which resulted in the deaths of 6,000,000 Jews.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=7860.0,7890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/annotation_set/1095/annotation/353","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBlack markets emerged after World War II amid the shortages experienced due to the war and Holocaust. Although illegal, people used the black market to purchase necessary food and other items illegally. It provided opportunities for people to enrich themselves buy selling items on the black market.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=7980.0,8010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/annotation_set/1095/annotation/354","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIn Judaism, “chosenness” is the belief that the Jewish people were chosen to enter into a covenant with God. It is based on Chapter 14 of the Book of Deuteronomy [Hebrew: Devarim], which says “...God has chosen you to be his treasured people from all the nations that are on the face of the earth.” Most Jews hold the idea of “chosenness” to mean that they have been placed on earth to fulfill a certain purpose.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=8340.0,8370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/annotation_set/1095/annotation/355","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOn September 1, 1942, as part of a major Aktion, three Jewish hospitals in the Lodz ghetto—Lagiewnicka, Drenowska and Wesola Streets—were surrounded and brutally emptied by the Germans. The children’s hospital on Lagiewnicka Street was four stories tall and the Germans, rather than walking up and down the stairs with the children, just threw them out the window to the street below. Even as they emptied the hospitals, the Germans surrounded the ghetto streets and brutally dragged another 16,000 Jews from their homes.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=8400.0,8430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/annotation_set/1095/annotation/356","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBeginning in 1938, Europe and the United States started to face a growing Jewish refugee crisis as Nazi Germany began to expand their territory and push antisemitic policies. Within the United States, ongoing domestic concerns, national security issues, and growing antisemitism within the country influenced how the nation responded to Nazi Germany and their persecution of European Jews. It has been argued by many that the United States and other Allied nations could have done more to assist the European Jews and possible prevented many of the deaths during the Holocaust.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=8430.0,8460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/annotation_set/1095/annotation/357","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFranklin Delano Roosevelt (1882-1945) was the 32nd President of the United States and a central figure in world events during the mid-twentieth century, leading the United States through a time of worldwide economic crisis and war. Roosevelt’s legacy regarding the Holocaust remains controversial. When World War II began in September 1939, most Americans hoped the United States would remain neutral. Although Americans had access to reliable information about the persecution of European Jews as it happened throughout the 1930s and many were sympathetic, most could not imagine the mass murders of the Holocaust could happen. Domestic concerns about the economy and national security further combined with prevalent antisemitism and racism in the United States to make any efforts to assist refugees or rescue victims of Nazism unlikely. A seminal moment in the Roosevelt Administration’s response to the Holocaust was a January 16, 1944, meeting at the White House involving the President and Treasury Secretary Henry Morgenthau, Jr. At the meeting, Morgenthau presented a lengthy and blunt report to FDR on what he and other Treasury officials believed to be the State Department’s obstruction of efforts to rescue European Jews. As a result, FDR established the War Refugee Board (WRB) to coordinate governmental and private rescue efforts. The Board is credited with saving at least 200,000 Jews, but critics argue that if FDR had acted earlier, and more boldly, even more lives could have been saved. By the time the WRB released a report in November 1944 written by escapees of the Auschwitz-Birkenau extermination camp, which detailed the use of gas chambers for the mass murder of Jews, the Auschwitz-Birkenau gas chambers had already ceased operations. Yet, some Jewish leaders, the World Jewish Congress, and the WRB pressured the U.S. War Department to bomb the gas chambers. The proposal was denied. There was much uncertainty about the death toll that might be inflicted as well as concerns about how German propaganda might exploit any bombing of the camp's prisoners. The War Department also believed it would divert Allied strategic air forces from vital military targets and argued that the best way to save Jewish lives would be to defeat Nazi Germany as quickly as possible.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=8430.0,8460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/annotation_set/1095/annotation/358","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eTzedakah\u003c/em\u003e [Hebrew: philanthropy and charity] is an ethical obligation that the \u003cem\u003eTorah\u003c/em\u003e mandates, also known as a \u003cem\u003emitzvah\u003c/em\u003e. Many Jews give \u003cem\u003etzedakah\u003c/em\u003e before \u003cem\u003eShabbat\u003c/em\u003e and festivals (such as \u003cem\u003ePurim\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eShavuot\u003c/em\u003e). Its intention is to show the Jewish people's determination to improve the world.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=8550.0,8580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/annotation_set/1095/annotation/359","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMideast situation is referring to the on-going conflict in the region between Israel, Palestine, and other Arab countries in the Middle East. The conflict between Israel-Palestine has been ongoing since decades. The creation of the Jewish and Arab states in 1948 which resulted in the creation of Israel increased the tensions in the region which have varied over time. The tensions continue today over various territories and land in Palestine and Israel. Additionally, since Israeli statehood there has been various conflicts between the various Arab countries and Israel in the region.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=8580.0,8610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/annotation_set/1095/annotation/360","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEdward James Martin Koppel (born February 8, 1940) is a British-born American broadcast journalist, best known as the anchor for Nightline, from the program's inception in 1980 until 2005.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=8610.0,8640.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/index/59219","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Gerson, Miriam [Index]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/index/59219/annotation/361","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Shares about her early childhood and family","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=3.0,597.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/index/59219/annotation/362","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The good memories of my life is the fact that I had so many brothers and sisters. When I needed somebody, I went to one of them.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=3.0,597.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/index/59219/annotation/363","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Antisemitism","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Gentile","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish Community","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lodz, Poland","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=3.0,597.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/index/59219/annotation/364","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"How life changed after World War II began","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=597.0,1019.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/index/59219/annotation/365","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Little by little, he had to close up the store. There was nothing left to sell. Things were going on worse and worse, progressively worse, as time went on. ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=597.0,1019.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/index/59219/annotation/366","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Antisemitism","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lodz, Poland","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Nazis","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"World War II","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=597.0,1019.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/index/59219/annotation/367","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Life in the Lodz ghetto","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=1019.0,1509.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/index/59219/annotation/368","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was very tough. Until they closed up, we could still somehow manage to get some food. We had to move out from our house and get a new place in the ghetto.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=1019.0,1509.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/index/59219/annotation/369","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ghetto","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jail","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lodz ghetto","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lodz, Poland","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Nazis","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Starvation","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"World War II","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=1019.0,1509.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/index/59219/annotation/370","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Liquidation of the ghetto ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=1509.0,1876.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/index/59219/annotation/371","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"First, they came and said there should be no communication for us. If anybody had a radio, we had to hand it in. Nobody is to have a radio. It's against the law. My brother took our radio and stood in the line for the longest time to hand in the radio.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=1509.0,1876.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/index/59219/annotation/372","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Auschwitz","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Birkenau","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ghetto","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Liquidation","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lodz ghetto","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lodz, Poland","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Train","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=1509.0,1876.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/index/59219/annotation/373","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Arrival at Auschwitz","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=1876.0,2375.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/index/59219/annotation/374","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Chaos. They started to come with soldiers and people that had been taken there. Jewish people that got taken there became what they call kapos, like in charge. 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There [was] no hair.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=2375.0,2640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/index/59219/annotation/378","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Auschwitz","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Concentration Camp","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Roll Call","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Starvation","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Wooden Shoes","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=2375.0,2640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/index/59219/annotation/379","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Meeting her husband in the Lodz ghetto","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=2640.0,2714.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/index/59219/annotation/380","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I met him in the factory where he was working. 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Again, the days were long and dreary, and again, very bad. We ended up traveling from camp to camp. I wasn't allowed to [know which] camps. I don't know where I was, to tell you the truth.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=3554.0,3751.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/index/59219/annotation/390","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Bergen-Belsen","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Concentration Camp","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Death","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Gefilte fish","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Prisoner","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Starvation","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Synagogue","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=3554.0,3751.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/index/59219/annotation/391","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Time at Dachau","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=3751.0,4002.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/index/59219/annotation/392","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We did some more walking, resting a little bit until we came to another camp. 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We went . . . you might say it was a camp. They called it a DP [Displaced Person] camp, which . . . it's a DP camp, displaced persons.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=4734.0,5393.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/index/59219/annotation/399","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Crematorium","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Displaced Persons Camp","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Germany","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ghetto","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Israel","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Landsberg","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lodz, Poland","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Paris, France","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Russian","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNRRA","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yiddish","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=4734.0,5393.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/index/59219/annotation/400","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Being reunited with her future husband after the war","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=5393.0,5700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/index/59219/annotation/401","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When she came home, she told me, she said, \"You'll never believe who I found down there. 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It would kill me.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=6098.0,6190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/index/59219/annotation/411","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Europe","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Germans","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Immigration","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jews","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lodz, Poland","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"United States","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"World War II","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=6098.0,6190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/index/59219/annotation/412","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Life in the United States","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=6190.0,6536.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/index/59219/annotation/413","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was in 1947 . . . if my memory serves me right, it was 1947. America, I feel . . . I agree with people when they tell me that Israel is a country of milk and honey. I feel that, to me, America was a country of milk and honey because it's here where I learned the ropes of living per say \"normal\" life.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=6190.0,6536.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/index/59219/annotation/414","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Atlanta, Georgia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Columbus, Georgia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Family","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Immigration","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Night School","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Sunshine's Department Store","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Synagogue","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"United States","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=6190.0,6536.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/index/59219/annotation/415","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Difference between being Jewish in American vs. Europe","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=6536.0,6817.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/index/59219/annotation/416","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's hard to tell because don't forget, the Jewish people in here been brought up and living a normal life. The Jewish people I grew up with were not living a normal life, but somehow we all stuck together.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=6536.0,6817.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/index/59219/annotation/417","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Europe","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Germans","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Holocaust","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"United States","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=6536.0,6817.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/index/59219/annotation/418","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Joy in raising her two children","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=6817.0,7002.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/index/59219/annotation/419","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I loved that. My children came by choice. Abe and I thought, \"It's time to start raising a family.\" {01:54:00} We didn't want a child in Germany. We thought this might be the worst thing. ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=6817.0,7002.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/index/59219/annotation/420","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Children","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Family","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Panama City, Florida","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=6817.0,7002.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/index/59219/annotation/421","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Experience with antisemitism living in the South","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=7002.0,7145.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/index/59219/annotation/422","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"No, not necessarily. It's a different . . . I always heard expressions that my parents used to make. To translate it, it [would] lose its flavor.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=7002.0,7145.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/index/59219/annotation/423","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Antisemitism","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Holocaust","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jews","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"South","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=7002.0,7145.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/index/59219/annotation/424","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Creating a \"normal\" life in the United States","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=7145.0,7352.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/index/59219/annotation/425","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Actually, that's why I mentioned that, to me America is a country of milk and honey because it's in America that I've learned life, what the meaning of life is all about. To me, family and tradition has become a way of life. ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=7145.0,7352.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/index/59219/annotation/426","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Family","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish traditions","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Kosher","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Mitzvah","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"United States","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"University of Georgia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=7145.0,7352.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/index/59219/annotation/427","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Her feelings about being Jewish","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=7352.0,7623.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/index/59219/annotation/428","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"First of all, there's nothing I can do about it. I'm not denying it. I was born Jewish, and I am Jewish and I'll die Jewish.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=7352.0,7623.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/index/59219/annotation/429","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Antisemitism","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Differences","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Persecution","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Racisim","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Religions","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Seder","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=7352.0,7623.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/index/59219/annotation/430","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"How her past influence her in raising her children and marriage","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=7623.0,7936.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/index/59219/annotation/431","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I have chosen not to tell my children for two reasons. Number one, what I went through and what my husband went through was very scary. Imagine a child going through hungry, thirsty, cold, hot, and scared. That's how we were. I didn't want our children having that feeling.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=7623.0,7936.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/index/59219/annotation/432","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Children","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Holocaust survivor","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Marriage","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=7623.0,7936.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/index/59219/annotation/433","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Adjusting to life in the United States","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=7936.0,8149.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/index/59219/annotation/434","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The very first day . . . when I came, first of all, it was hot in America. We came in April to Columbus, Georgia. I spent so much of my life in Germany, the hospital in a uniform . . . we didn't have any money. ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=7936.0,8149.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/index/59219/annotation/435","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Black Market","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Columbus, Georgia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Immigration","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Nurse","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Police Officer","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNRRA","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=7936.0,8149.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/index/59219/annotation/436","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Values given children","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=8149.0,8314.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/index/59219/annotation/437","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I didn't expect anything European over my children. In fact, the only thing that I made sure that my children learned is they appreciate a dollar [and] not to flounder in a way, because we don't have it. They can have anything they want, as long as they need it.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=8149.0,8314.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/index/59219/annotation/438","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Children","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"European","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"United States","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Values","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Work","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=8149.0,8314.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/index/59219/annotation/439","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Angry that she feels and what she is proud of","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=8314.0,8572.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/index/59219/annotation/440","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm still angry. In fact, my son and I were here two weeks ago. We were talking about it. He mentioned it. I said, \"Jerry, I'm not angry at anybody.\" He says, \"Yes you are, mother.\" They know me. He mentioned words, but I told him why I've been angry. I said, \"Well, this still stands. I am angry to a point.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=8314.0,8572.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/index/59219/annotation/441","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Chosen People","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Franklin D. 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Abe and I are up every night at 11:30 to listen to [Ted] Koppel. We read every article we can. ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=8572.0,8714.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/index/59219/annotation/444","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Arabs","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Conflict","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Israel","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Middle East","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ted Koppel","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=8572.0,8714.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/index/59219/annotation/445","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Make the most of life","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=8714.0,8750.355"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/index/59219/annotation/446","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yes. The only thing that is left for me to say is, \"Take it day by day, enjoy today, make the most of it, and hope for a good tomorrow.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=8714.0,8750.355"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508/index/59219/annotation/447","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Holocaust survivor","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Joy","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Life","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Peace","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/103492/file/203508#t=8714.0,8750.355"}]}]}]}