{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/d21rf5mk19/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Istakhorov, Simon"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["2006-08-04 (captured)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Agent"]},"value":{"en":["Istakhorov, Simon (Interviewee)","Unknown (Interviewer)","Einstein, Ruth (Interviewer)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["Video"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source"]},"value":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum","Esther and Herbert Taylor Oral History Collection","Elliott and Judith Cohen Oral History Project"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eSimon Istakhorov was interviewed on August 4, 2006 in Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e (general)","\u003cp\u003eSimon Istakhorov (Russian name: Vyacheslav Semyonovich Istakhorov) was born in Nalchik, the capital city of today’s Kabardino-Balkarian Republic (part of the Russian Federation). Simon’s father died when he was young and his mother provided for the family. Simon attended school in Nalchik but left for a textile industry college in Saint Petersburg [formerly, Leningrad], Russia. After college, he remained in Saint Petersburg, working for a special order shoe division of a large clothing manufacturer. After emigrating from the Soviet Union, Simon and his family eventually relocated to Georgia, United States, in the early 1990s. As of 2022, Simon remains active in the Atlanta, Georgia area, working as a realtor.\u003c/p\u003e (bioghist)","\u003cp\u003eIn his interview, Simon Istakhorov shares his experiences growing up in Nalchik (located in the modern-day Kabardino-Balkarian Republic), a city that includes Jewish, Muslim, and Christian inhabitants. He discusses moving to Saint Petersburg [formerly, Leningrad], Russia, in order to study at a textile industry college. He talks about his experiences with antisemitism, especially at college and in the workplace, as well as the differences between Nalchik and Saint Petersburg. He explains his reasons for immigrating to the United States. Simon also reflects on his first impressions of life outside the Soviet Union and recalls learning English.\u003c/p\u003e (scope content)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source Metadata URI"]},"value":{"en":["https://archivesspace.thebreman.org/repositories/2/archival_objects/29008"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject"]},"value":{"en":["Istakhorov, Simon (personal name)","Makita Corporation of America (corporate name)","Slosman Corporation (corporate name)","Asheville, North Carolina (geographic term)","Atlanta, Georgia (geographic term)","Caucasus (geographic term)","Kabardino-Balkarian Republic (geographic term)","Israel (geographic term)","Italy (geographic term)","Leningrad (Soviet Union) (geographic term)","Moscow (Russia) (geographic term)","Nalchik (Soviet Union/Kabardino-Balkarian Republic) (geographic term)","Saint Petersburg (Russia) (geographic term)","Vienna (Austria) (geographic term)","American Citizenship (topical term)","Antisemitism (topical term)","College (Russia/Soviet Union) (topical term)","Dissidents (Soviet Union) (topical term)","Education (Soviet Union) (topical term)","Emigration (Soviet Union) (topical term)","Immigration (topical term)","Jewish Communities (Soviet Union) (topical term)","Jewish Traditions (Soviet Union) (topical term)","Learning English (topical term)","Mountain Jews (topical term)","Mountain Jews (Language) (topical term)","Multicultural Community (Soviet Union) (topical term)","Multireligious Community (Soviet Union) (topical term)","Religious Practices (topical term)","Western Radio (Soviet Union) (topical term)","Women (Soviet Union/Kabardino-Balkarian Republic) (topical term)"]}}],"summary":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eSimon Istakhorov was interviewed on August 4, 2006 in Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSimon Istakhorov (Russian name: Vyacheslav Semyonovich Istakhorov) was born in Nalchik, the capital city of today\u0026rsquo;s Kabardino-Balkarian Republic (part of the Russian Federation). Simon\u0026rsquo;s father died when he was young and his mother provided for the family. Simon attended school in Nalchik but left for a textile industry college in Saint Petersburg [formerly, Leningrad], Russia. After college, he remained in Saint Petersburg, working for a special order shoe division of a large clothing manufacturer. After emigrating from the Soviet Union, Simon and his family eventually relocated to Georgia, United States, in the early 1990s. As of 2022, Simon remains active in the Atlanta, Georgia area, working as a realtor.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn his interview, Simon Istakhorov shares his experiences growing up in Nalchik (located in the modern-day Kabardino-Balkarian Republic), a city that includes Jewish, Muslim, and Christian inhabitants. He discusses moving to Saint Petersburg [formerly, Leningrad], Russia, in order to study at a textile industry college. He talks about his experiences with antisemitism, especially at college and in the workplace, as well as the differences between Nalchik and Saint Petersburg. He explains his reasons for immigrating to the United States. Simon also reflects on his first impressions of life outside the Soviet Union and recalls learning English.\u003c/p\u003e"]},"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/172/642/small/Istakhorov_Simon.mp4_1671139387.jpg?1671139388","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - Istakhorov_Simon.mp4"]},"duration":3218.951,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/172/642/small/Istakhorov_Simon.mp4_1671139387.jpg?1671139388","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-thebreman.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/172/642/original/Istakhorov_Simon.mp4?1671139386","type":"Video","format":"video/mp4","duration":3218.951,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642/transcript/41386","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Istakhorov, Simon [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642/transcript/41386/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"INTERVIEWER: And I am here with Simon Istakhorov, who has agreed to be\ninterviewed for the Elliot and Judith Cohen Oral History Project within the\nEsther and Herbert Taylor Oral History Collection at the William Breman Jewish\nHeritage Museum.\n\nISTAKHOROV: Hello.\n\nINTERVIEWER: Thank you for coming in today. Would you please begin by giving\nyour name and the city where you were born, as well as the spelling of the . . . ?\n\nISTAKHOROV: Well, my actual, the full name, full Russian name is Vyacheslav\nSemyonovich ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642/transcript/41386/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Istakhorov. And the last name spells Istakhorov,\nI-S-T-A-K-H-O-R-O-V. So many letters, you know, it's hard to pronounce sometime.\nI was born in Russia, small republic, Kabardino-Balkaria, which is in the\nsouthern part of Russia, city of Nalchik, which is located close to the mountain\nof Elbrus. Not many people know that place. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642/transcript/41386/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's a small republic, but it's a\ngreat, great small republic.\n\nINTERVIEWER: How long . . . did you grow up there in Nalchik?\n\nISTAKHOROV: Well, I was born there. I graduated from the high school and then I\nmoved to Saint Petersburg. At that time, it was Leningrad. It was 1979 when I\nmoved to Leningrad to study in college. Since 1979, I lived in Saint ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642#t=60.0,90.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642/transcript/41386/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Petersburg\nfor 10 years and then I immigrated to the United States.\n\nINTERVIEWER: How big was the town where you grew up?\n\nISTAKHOROV: It wasn't big. It's about . . well, it was the capital of the\nRepublic, and about 300,000 people.\n\nINTERVIEWER: So, not so small.\n\nISTAKHOROV: Not so small. It was a capital. We had a couple of universities,\ncolleges. It was a cultural center.\n\nINTERVIEWER: What kind of Jewish population was there?\n\nISTAKHOROV: That's ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642#t=90.0,120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642/transcript/41386/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"interesting. We had a location like a little town in town of\nNalchik, where Jews used to live. They still live there, but not many of them\nleft, because most of the people, most of the Jewish people moved to Israel and\nthe United States and Canada, Australia, and some other countries. We were\nabout, I would say, I would say somewhere around 5 [to] ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642#t=120.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642/transcript/41386/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"7,000 Jews in that small\nlittle area. And with our culture, our traditions, and we have a synagogue over\nthere. And it was fun. It was fun.\n\nINTERVIEWER: So you all lived in the area together?\n\nISTAKHOROV: Yes, it's like . . . well, it's not a ghetto. It's not a Jewish\nghetto, but it's a . . . we called it, like a small, like a Jewish ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642#t=150.0,180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642/transcript/41386/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"settlement,\nyou know?\n\nINTERVIEWER: So, how integrated were you into the population of the larger city?\n\nISTAKHOROV: Well, I wouldn't say that we were integrated. We were living kind of\nlike a small community. And, by the way, the Republic is a Muslim republic. Most\nof the people are Muslims. We had, sometimes, some problems with the . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642#t=180.0,210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642/transcript/41386/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but,\nwe lived, you know, just separate. It was a separate, Jewish settlement.\nBasically, we did whatever we needed to do, work and study and make money, raise\nchildren, teach traditions.\n\nINTERVIEWER: Could you elaborate at all on some of the conflicts you might have\nrun into?\n\nISTAKHOROV: Well, it was basically . . . well, I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642#t=210.0,240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642/transcript/41386/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"grew up there, and it was\nmostly between kids, you know, kids, I would say, between like 10 and 16 years\nold. Because we were running around all over the place. And when we faced . . .\nit was like little gangs of, not in a bad word gangs, but we just were running\naround doing our things and we sometimes we would collapse with ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642#t=240.0,270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642/transcript/41386/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this, some other\nsmall gangs and they say, \"Oh, you Jews, and we're going to punish you,\" this or\nthat, you know, throw stones at us. And there was a little river that run\nthrough that little settlement. And when we were kids, we used to go there and\nswim. And the other side of the river was, there was a Muslim settlement and\nthey would throw stones at us. And we would throw ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642#t=270.0,300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642/transcript/41386/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"stones at them. That was kind\nof a little game that we did. But it wasn't a game, of course, because some\npeople got hurt, some kids. But then I moved, I moved to Saint Petersburg and\nnever faced that again. It was at that time over there, in that little town.\n\nINTERVIEWER: How would you compare the antisemitism that you faced in Nalchik to\nwhat you might have faced in Saint Petersburg?\n\nISTAKHOROV: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642#t=300.0,330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642/transcript/41386/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was different. It was different. Here, I mean, that small city\nwhere I grew up, it was basically kind of local, stupid, you know, nothing,\nnothing, not organized like in a big city, let's put it that way. It was\nbasically stupid things, just people ignorant, some, and they would say some\nwords, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642#t=330.0,360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642/transcript/41386/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"curse at you, and say some bad things. But in Saint Petersburg it was\nkind of more intelligent antisemitism, and it was on a higher level. You will\nhave to deal with the bosses, at work. You will have to deal with the teachers\nat, the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642#t=360.0,390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642/transcript/41386/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"professors, at the college. You will have to deal with people in the\nstreet sometimes. But it's a more intelligent level, in a big city like Saint Petersburg.\n\nINTERVIEWER: So institutional antisemitism was more prevalent in Saint Petersburg?\n\nISTAKHOROV: Yes, yes, I think so. I felt that, yes.\n\nINTERVIEWER: When you were at the university?\n\nISTAKHOROV: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642#t=390.0,420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642/transcript/41386/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yes, I was in college. Yes, I was in college for five years.\n\nINTERVIEWER: Was it difficult to gain entrance to the university as a Jew?\n\nISTAKHOROV: It wasn't easy. I know that for sure. You had to have some\nconnections, or money to pay for . . . Although, I mean, the colleges were free\nat that time. But you could buy your way. You could pay and get into the\ncollege. But it was not easy, though, for Jewish people, especially to get to\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642#t=420.0,450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642/transcript/41386/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"colleges where you would study technical things like building nuclear submarines\nor airplanes or some very serious subjects. That wasn't easy.\n\nINTERVIEWER: Could you give an example?\n\nISTAKHOROV: Of the colleges or of the . . .\n\nEINSTEIN: Of your experience with specific . . . ?\n\nISTAKHOROV: Oh, my experience . . . my experience.\n\nINTERVIEWER: What did you study?\n\nISTAKHOROV: Well, I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642#t=450.0,480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642/transcript/41386/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"studied light industry, which is . . . light industry, and\nbasically textile industry. Yes, textile industry. First time when I was\nactually going to try and to get into the college, I took the test and I didn't\npass. But that was pretty much, I feel at that time that because I'm a Jew,\nthat's why. And actually I tried ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642#t=480.0,510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642/transcript/41386/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"twice to that particular college. It was a\ntrade college, dealing with the financial trade. There was college where a lot\nof people would go just to study, to get a good degree and then have a control\nof some industries in Russia. It wasn't ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642#t=510.0,540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642/transcript/41386/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"easy to get there. Then I went to the\ntextile college, where I study. But I did have some friends who helped me to get\nthere . . . There was a--I'll never forget that guy--he used to--he's probably\ndead now, I don't know. It was a long time ago. He helped me, old Jewish guy. He\nwas working in a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642#t=540.0,570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642/transcript/41386/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"department, like a management department of the college, taking\ncare of cleaning, supply, cafeteria, the whole thing. It was like a general\nmanager of running the college. That part.\n\nINTERVIEWER: He helped you out?\n\nISTAKHOROV: Yes. Yes.\n\nINTERVIEWER: Well, I thought maybe before we proceed to life in Saint\nPetersburg, we could go back for a few minutes to growing up. I was hoping you\ncould tell me some about your ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642#t=570.0,600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642/transcript/41386/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"family, what your parents did . . .\n\nISTAKHOROV: Okay. Well, as I said, I grew up in Nalchik. My parents, my father\ndied when I was six years old. I basically--well, I don't remember him. So my\nmother, he worked at the factory, the shoe manufacturing factory, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642#t=600.0,630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642/transcript/41386/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which also was\nestablished by my grand-grandmother. Yes. Like in 1900 something, like in\nbeginning of the century. But then, well, it was hard for her with three kids,\nyou know, take care of three kids. But we survived. Then also ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642#t=630.0,660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642/transcript/41386/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"she stopped doing\nthat and she actually worked for herself, although it was illegal. What she did,\nshe . . . here, it's legitimate business. You buy stuff here for $5, you sell\nstuff over there for $10 or $8, whatever, and make some profit on that. Over\nthere, at that time it was a Communist Party. It was illegal. And you could get\nin jail for that. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642#t=660.0,690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642/transcript/41386/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But, you know, we survived. We live pretty well. She used to\ngo to big cities, buy like a container of clothes, bring it to that small city\nand sell it to people. People knew her, and she would make a lot of money, and\nwe live pretty good.\n\nINTERVIEWER: You had some progressive women in your house.\n\nISTAKHOROV: Oh, yes. She was progressive. Yes. She died. She passed away in\n1995. In Israel.\n\nINTERVIEWER: She moved to Israel?\n\nISTAKHOROV: Yes. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642#t=690.0,720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642/transcript/41386/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yes.\n\nINTERVIEWER: Could I get the names of your parents?\n\nISTAKHOROV: My father's name was Simon, Semyon, and my mother, Shoshan. Shoshan.\n\nINTERVIEWER: And you have two siblings?\n\nISTAKHOROV: Yes, yes.\n\nINTERVIEWER: And their names?\n\nISTAKHOROV: One of them is Ina. She lives in Nalchik.\n\nINTERVIEWER: She's still there?\n\nISTAKHOROV: Yes, she lives in Nalchik, yes. In that same, you know, small\nsettlement of Jews. My ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642#t=720.0,750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642/transcript/41386/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"brother lives in Israel, in Ashdod. Yes. And I have\nanother half brother, lives in Israel, in Holon. Yes. With his family.\n\nINTERVIEWER: And growing up, what kind of . . . how did you express your Judaism\nin your household?\n\nISTAKHOROV: Well, we kept kosher. We had two sets of silverware. My grandmother\nwas ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642#t=750.0,780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642/transcript/41386/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"very strict about that. There was a disaster if she would see me as a young\nchild using the same knife, cutting meat and the butter, or using the same\nspoon, eating something with milk, dairy and with meat. It was bad--bad thing.\nSo we kept, every time the holiday came, we changed the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642#t=780.0,810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642/transcript/41386/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"silverware, dishes, and\nwe did all the traditions, like Jewish circumcision and all the Purim, all the\nholidays we celebrated. Actually, the Jews in the southern part of Russia, they\nwere more religious than the Jews in the north. We are Sephardic Jews. The Jews\ncame from, through ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642#t=810.0,840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642/transcript/41386/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Iran and the Caucasus and settled in Caucasus and Far East,\nlike Bukharian Jews, they settled in Far East, we settled in Caucasus. These\nJews are more religious than the European Jews in Russia, like Moscow, Saint\nPetersburg, and some Ukrainian Jews. Because I guess ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642#t=840.0,870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642/transcript/41386/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we could, you know, keep\nthat. And they were, because, like I said, in the south it was not as bad as in\nthe north. In the north, it was more sophisticated antisemitism. In the south,\nit was, you know, people are more friendly, and it wasn't that bad. So we could\nkeep the traditions. We had kosher at home. We, my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642#t=870.0,900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642/transcript/41386/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"grandmother and mother used\nto go like every Friday morning to the market and buy live chicken, and go to\nthe synagogue and the rabbi would cut them. Every morning on Friday, like five\no'clock in the morning, I remember my mother used to get up. She was supposed to\nget up and go to the--we had some families, they would buy the cows and cut it\njust for ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642#t=900.0,930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642/transcript/41386/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jews. It was a kosher. So with the rabbi, everything. So we ate all that.\n\nINTERVIEWER: So, you think you had more religious freedom being farther away\nfrom the centralized communist leadership?\n\nISTAKHOROV: Yes. Yes, yes. It was, it was not as bad.\n\nINTERVIEWER: Do you think that was affected by living, maybe, in a Muslim population?\n\nISTAKHOROV: Well, you see, that Muslim population wasn't as bad, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642#t=930.0,960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642/transcript/41386/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at that time.\nNow it's little bit more sophisticated. Now, they built a big mosque right in\nthe middle of city and every morning--I haven't been there for, like, 16\nyears--but my wife, she went there two years ago and she said, you sleep and,\nlike 5:30 in the morning, you hear this song, because Muslims, they pray like\nfive times a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642#t=960.0,990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642/transcript/41386/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"day. And then you hear that. It's very loud. The whole city can\nhear that. I mean, that's a little bit strange, to me, because, you know, I'm\nsleeping and it's six o'clock in the morning and you hear this prayer. It wasn't\nthat way. It was more international city. A lot of Russian, Russian Christians,\nused to live there, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642#t=990.0,1020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642/transcript/41386/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jews, and other nationalities. It wasn't that bad. So now,\nNalchik is like a middle of the terrorism stuff. They had couple of terrorist\nattacks last year, actually three, yes, in Nalchik. Yes. It wasn't as bad as\nBeslan that we all know, but it was pretty bad too. Right in the middle of city.\nThey took over the police department, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642#t=1020.0,1050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642/transcript/41386/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"killed some police, killed some\nbystanders. It was bad. It's going up right now. A lot of young kids became more\nviolent and I guess more radical religious and start doing some stupid things.\n\nINTERVIEWER: When you were growing up, did you go to the public ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642#t=1050.0,1080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642/transcript/41386/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"schools?\n\nISTAKHOROV: Yes. We didn't have private schools at that time.\n\nINTERVIEWER: So, all the different . . . the Jews, and the Christians, the\nMuslims were all together?\n\nISTAKHOROV: Yes. I was the only one in the beginning. Only one Jew. Well, you\nsee, what happened that that small, like I said, settlement is like a town in\ntown of Nalchik, but I was born there, I lived there until I was seven years\nold. Then my mother bought an apartment, three bedroom apartment, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642#t=1080.0,1110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642/transcript/41386/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and we moved\ncloser to, like, in the middle of the city, like, let's say downtown, and the\nschool was different. I mean, it's a public school, but the most of the kids\nwere either Russian Christians or Muslim. And I was the one Jew in the class. As\nopposed to this settlement you know the Jewish, all of the kids were Jews. It\nwas just a nice apartment in the middle of city, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642#t=1110.0,1140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642/transcript/41386/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"fancy. And my mother, she was\nmaking money, she said, \"Well, let's do that.\" So. And we moved. And I was only\none Jew. Then at the end, when I was like in eighth grade, yes, there was\nanother Jew, a girl, she was studying in my class.\n\nINTERVIEWER: So how was that different? Did you continue to interact with the\nJewish kids or did you make your friends more at school?\n\nISTAKHOROV: No, I made more friends at school. Yes. I made more friends at\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642#t=1140.0,1170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642/transcript/41386/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"school. Well, I did have friends in that community too, of course, because my\ncousins, they lived in that small settlement. I used to go there a lot and stay\nwith them, and had the neighbors friends. We were friends, good friends. But I\nalso made some friends at that new school, but most of my friends were at ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642#t=1170.0,1200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642/transcript/41386/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"new\nschool and I kind of stayed there in a way. It was a big apartment complex--or\nnot apartment complex, it was like a condominium complex, let's put it that way.\nWe had like 50 kids and we all played together. It was good. It was good. Couple\nof times I was insulted, because of the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642#t=1200.0,1230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642/transcript/41386/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"being Jew, but mostly it was okay. It\nwas good. It wasn't that bad.\n\nINTERVIEWER: It's very interesting speaking to you just because some of the\nother people we've spoken to grew up in some of the bigger cities and they\ndidn't have as positive childhood experiences, it sounds like, as you did,\nliving more in the south.\n\nISTAKHOROV: Well, south is a little bit different than the north of Russia. It's\ndifferent. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642#t=1230.0,1260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642/transcript/41386/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"People are less spoiled, more friendly. I didn't have a bad\nchildhood. I didn't have a bad child--I had some incidents, but it wasn't\ncritical. It wasn't that bad. I had friends. I felt sometimes that people treat\nme little bit differently ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642#t=1260.0,1290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642/transcript/41386/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because I'm a Jew. But I didn't suffer from that. I\nwouldn't say that I had a bad childhood.\n\nINTERVIEWER: How was the transition to Saint Petersburg when you went there for university?\n\nISTAKHOROV: Oh, that's the whole new world, Saint Petersburg, it's just a huge\ncity, five million people at that time. You can get lost all that easy. For\nthem, I was just a person from the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642#t=1290.0,1320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642/transcript/41386/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"south, and not many people knew that I am a\nJew. Because the last name, it's not like a regular Jewish name. It's basically,\nit sounds like a regular southern name, like people from south. And they didn't\nknow that I am a Jew. Although in college, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642#t=1320.0,1350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642/transcript/41386/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"everybody knew that I'm a Jew because\nwhoever asked me--and we do have that question very, you know, every time when\nyou deal with someone and talk to someone and they always ask you what, you\nknow, who are you, what's religion, what nationality. You see in United States,\nit's a little bit different. They ask you what religion. In Russia, it's what's\nnationality. Whoever asked me, I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642#t=1350.0,1380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642/transcript/41386/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"would always say I'm Jewish, although in my\npassport, my mother, I guess she wanted to protect me, and she put nationality\nas a Tat. Tat means Caucasian Jews. We had two ways to put nationality in a\npassport, either Mountain Jew ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642#t=1380.0,1410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642/transcript/41386/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or Tat. Some people would put Mountain Jew. They\ndidn't care about anything. They said, \"I'm a Jew. I'm a Mountain Jew.\" And they\nwould put, it actually said Mountain Jew, Gorskiy Yevrey. But also Tat, you\ncould put Tat. My mother said, \"You're going to college. It's going to be better\nfor you. People don't know what Tat is.\" And she put Tat, and of course, some\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642#t=1410.0,1440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642/transcript/41386/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"people, when I would show my passport, they would say, \"What's Tat?\" I said,\n\"Well, this is a part of, I mean that's the Jews in, Mountain Jews,\" and they\nsaid, \"Oh, okay. All right.\" So, and it was different. It was different.\n\nINTERVIEWER: After you finished your studies, you stayed in Saint Petersburg?\n\nISTAKHOROV: Well, yes, yes. After I finished, I got married and I worked ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642#t=1440.0,1470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642/transcript/41386/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at a\nbig company, that would, you know, textile and clothing manufacturer and shoe\nmanufacturer. We had a small branch, they would do, make the shoes and we would\ndo it like a special order shoes for people with some ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642#t=1470.0,1500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642/transcript/41386/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"disabilities. Some people\nhave a different feet, some defective feet. And they would come to us and would\nsay, we want a, you know, and we would do specialty for them. It's like a custom\nmade shoes. I was lucky because the director of that branch was a Jewish guy.\nHis assistant was a Jewish guy. His another assistant ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642#t=1500.0,1530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642/transcript/41386/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was a Jewish guy. And when\nI went there, they said, \"Okay, oh, you graduated. Okay, good. Yes, we need\nsomeone.\" And they hired me. I was lucky on that one. It was good, good place to\nwork. But then the director immigrated to Israel. The other one immigrated to\nUnited States and the other one immigrated to United States, too. And I was left\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642#t=1530.0,1560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642/transcript/41386/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"alone. But the main company, the headquarters, they decided to put someone else\non top of me, and they put this, I consider, a bigot, antisemite. There was a\ngirl from Ukraine. She always tried to fire me. She wanted to put some of her\nfriends instead of me because I hold a good ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642#t=1560.0,1590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642/transcript/41386/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"position, had about 80 people under\nmy supervision at that time. She brought someone and she said, \"Well, Simon, you\nshould teach her how to run the business.\" So, actually, I did for like eight\nmonths. And then she said, \"Well, now, I mean, you can start looking for a job.\"\nAnd at that point, actually, I decided to move to United States because I start\nfeeling that more and more and more ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642#t=1590.0,1620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642/transcript/41386/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and at that time Jews start moving to United\nStates. It was 1989.\n\nINTERVIEWER: That's when the, what was happening at work was kind of what pushed\nyou to think about moving?\n\nISTAKHOROV: Yes. Yes. Yes. And then, I just didn't see any future there for\nmyself or my family because it was Communist Party at that time. It was crazy.\nIt was just, you know, it wasn't pleasant.\n\nINTERVIEWER: How did your wife feel about moving?\n\nISTAKHOROV: Oh, she wanted to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642#t=1620.0,1650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642/transcript/41386/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"move. She wanted to move.\n\nINTERVIEWER: Where was she from?\n\nISTAKHOROV: She's from Saint Petersburg. Yes, she's from Saint Petersburg. And\nthen we had a child and then we applied for, you know, to immigrate from Russia.\nRelatives from Israel helped us.\n\nINTERVIEWER: Did you consider moving to Israel?\n\nISTAKHOROV: Yes, actually, it was interesting. There was a period of time ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642#t=1650.0,1680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642/transcript/41386/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when\nyou could move to Israel--to United States easier. And then in the September\nand, August and September of 1989, the new law came and it was harder to go to\nUnited States. And I thought, well, we're going to Israel. That's fine. But we\nmanage, we were probably one of the last people who ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642#t=1680.0,1710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642/transcript/41386/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"managed to go to United\nStates, who wanted to go to United States and went to United States, because\nafter that, the door closed and it took more time and energy to move to United\nStates. But if you would want to go to Israel, it would be easy, just apply. And\njust in a couple of months, you would be able to.\n\nINTERVIEWER: Did you prefer to go to the States?\n\nISTAKHOROV: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642#t=1710.0,1740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642/transcript/41386/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Honestly, to me, at that time, I was ready to go to Israel.\nActually, I was thinking about it very seriously considering. But my wife's\nsister lived in the United States already because they left Russia like four\nmonths before us. And they were already there. And she said, \"No, I want to be\nwith sister. Let's go to United States.\" And then at the airport in Austria,\nVienna Airport, there was a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642#t=1740.0,1770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642/transcript/41386/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"representative who would separate people, those who\nwould want to go to Israel and the United States. And when we walked out of the\nplane, he said, \"Where are you guys going?\" We said, \"We're going to United\nStates.\" \"Okay, this way. You guys going where?\" \"To Israel.\" \"This way.\" And\nthey separated right there because the plane was almost full of Russian Jews.\nThose who wanted to go to Israel took a plane right ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642#t=1770.0,1800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642/transcript/41386/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"away. It was another plane\ngoing to Vienna-Tel Aviv, and they flew to Tel Aviv straight. We stayed in\nVienna for like . . . our family stayed 22 days in Vienna, 20 days in Vienna for\nsome process. It was a process that you had to go through customs and the\npaperwork and this and that, and we stayed in Vienna for 20 days. Then, they put\nus on the plane--not the plan, but ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642#t=1800.0,1830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642/transcript/41386/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"train. And we went to Italy and stayed in\nItaly six and a half months, waiting for the sponsor. Although I could go to New\nYork easier, like in a couple of weeks because I already had my cousins in New\nYork, but I didn't want to go to New York. I said, \"No, I'm going to go to\nUnited States,\" because I considered at that time New York wasn't the United\nStates, it was New York. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642#t=1830.0,1860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642/transcript/41386/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And now I think I'm right. New York is not United\nStates. Atlanta is United States. Well, and then we stayed in Italy for six and\na half months and the Asheville [North Carolina] community center sponsored us,\na Jewish community center. Yes, two family. And there was two families from\nRussia that moved there. It was interesting, great city, clean, beautiful, great\ncommunity, but too small for ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642#t=1860.0,1890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642/transcript/41386/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"me, for us. We stayed there for two years and then\nI visited one of our friends in Atlanta [Georgia] and we liked Atlanta, and we\nmoved to Atlanta, two years after being in Asheville.\n\nINTERVIEWER: So in Asheville, did you already know English, your family?\n\nISTAKHOROV: No, no. But I studied hard. I had a couple of books with me in\nItaly, and I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642#t=1890.0,1920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642/transcript/41386/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"just . . . for myself, I made a rule, learn 10 words a day. And I\nwould put them on a piece of paper in English on one side and Russian on another\nside. And every time I would look at the English word and I would translate it,\nif I wouldn't remember that, I would just turn around, and say \"Okay, this word\nmeans this.\" And that way I learned couple of hundred words, actually more,\nmaybe 5 [to] 600 words, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642#t=1920.0,1950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642/transcript/41386/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that was easy. I couldn't speak, but I knew words.\nAnd I went to, when I went to work, they would speak to me, I would just put the\nwords together. And it helped. It helped. Yes, it was interesting. And two of my\nteachers were, at work, two big Black guys, heavy slang, and you can imagine\nwhat words I learned first. You can ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642#t=1950.0,1980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642/transcript/41386/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"only imagine.\n\nINTERVIEWER: What did you do in Asheville, when you were working there?\n\nISTAKHOROV: Well, I was running, there was a Slosman Corporation. They gave me a\njob right away, actually. We arrived June 11, and June 24, which was Monday, we\nwent to work. I went to work. So it was like 10 days after. So I didn't slack. I\nwent to work right away. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642#t=1980.0,2010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642/transcript/41386/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was a, it was a, you know, like a plant that, where\nthey . . . dealing with the textile industry, they would buy these rolls of\nfabric from one company, kind of refurbish it, put in the big nice packages, and\nsend it to some other countries, mostly Africa. My job was like I was moving all\nthis stuff, you know? ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642#t=2010.0,2040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642/transcript/41386/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And then, later when they found out that I have a\ntechnical degree in machines, that actually I had some knowledge, I was\nengineer, mechanical engineer, they let me run these big paper cutting machines.\nYou probably had one of them. And all the time, this Scott paper, this rolls,\nthat what I used to do. We ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642#t=2040.0,2070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642/transcript/41386/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"put the, lower the big roll to this machine and then\nwe cut it into smaller rolls and sell it to the companies or stores, just\ndeliver. So that was . . . and my salary was $5.18 per hour. It was a lot at the\ntime for me. It was enough to keep family happy. Yes. Yes.\n\nINTERVIEWER: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642#t=2070.0,2100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642/transcript/41386/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When you moved here, what did you do when you moved here?\n\nISTAKHOROV: Well, for the first two, three months, I couldn't find a job. But I\ndid work. I painted apartment complexes. I did . . . What else did I do?\nBasically, I paint the apartment complex, then . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642#t=2100.0,2130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642/transcript/41386/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"some . . . Oh, install the\ncarpet, couple of times. Helped a guy to install the carpet. I didn't get paid,\nby the way, for some reason, you know? Yes. And a couple of small jobs. But then\nI found, it was June when we moved in 1992. June 11, by the way, too, same, same\nday. And then in September, I found ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642#t=2130.0,2160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642/transcript/41386/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a good job at Makita Corporation of America,\nwhich is part of this company, one of the largest in the world, located in\nBuford, Georgia. It was a good job and a good paying job. I was running, I\nstarted from the conveyor, where a lot of people put stuff, on the conveyor, put\nsome tools together. And then they put me in another department as a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642#t=2160.0,2190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642/transcript/41386/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CNC machine\noperator, which is computer numerical control. These big machines, you know, I\nwould take care of those machines, load, then program, and, you know, that's\nabout it.\n\nINTERVIEWER: And once you moved to Atlanta, how would you describe your family's\ninvolvement with the Jewish community here?\n\nISTAKHOROV: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642#t=2190.0,2220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642/transcript/41386/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well. We were trying to find a synagogue, and we found and we became\nmembers of the Or VeShalom, in the beginning. But I didn't like some rules over\nthere. And my wife, we stopped going there. And we were looking for some Sunday\nschools for kids, and we weren't making any money at that time, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642#t=2220.0,2250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642/transcript/41386/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and we had\ncouple unpleasant conversations with the, whoever was running at that time, and\nthen we decided not to go there anymore. We kind of stopped, it actually wasn't\ngood, you know, it was . . . I was always thinking about that, and we stopped\ngoing to the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642#t=2250.0,2280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642/transcript/41386/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"synagogue at that point. Now we do go to the synagogue and I go to\nthe Bukharian synagogue. The thing is, we divorced, with the, you know, with the\nwife that I came to the United States with, we divorced in 1999. Now I have a\ndifferent family. My wife, my newborn kid. I got two kids from the previous\nmarriage. So she's going to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642#t=2280.0,2310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642/transcript/41386/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"synagogue very often. I'm going on holidays, but\ndifferent synagogue. So, what I do with the Jewish community, I participate in\nthe Super Sundays, we collect the money for Israel, and then we do some\nfundraising. And ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642#t=2310.0,2340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642/transcript/41386/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"then, we of course go some holiday events, you know, to Jewish\ncommunity, like, we're members of the Jewish community center as, [indistinct:\n39.16]. And we're doing something, I think not enough, but trying. Trying.\n\nINTERVIEWER: So your brother moved to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642#t=2340.0,2370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642/transcript/41386/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Israel?\n\nISTAKHOROV: Yes.\n\nINTERVIEWER: And when did he leave?\n\nISTAKHOROV: He lived in . . . when did he move?\n\nINTERVIEWER: When did he move?\n\nISTAKHOROV: Oh, okay. He moved in 1994. 1994. Yes.\n\nINTERVIEWER: And you said you haven't been back though in 16 years?\n\nISTAKHOROV: Yes, in Russia, yes--I mean in Nalchik. I was in Russia a couple of\nyears ago, in Moscow. But I didn't go to Nalchik ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642#t=2370.0,2400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642/transcript/41386/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because it's a different world.\nAnd I didn't have so much time to go to Moscow and Nalchik and some other\nplaces. So I stayed in Moscow for two weeks and then came back.\n\nINTERVIEWER: How did it feel to go back?\n\nISTAKHOROV: It was great. I loved it. It was great. Moscow is a big city now and\nit's very growing and sophisticated city. Very expensive city, too. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642#t=2400.0,2430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642/transcript/41386/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's the\nmost expensive city in the world right now. Moscow. Yes. And it's great. It was beautiful.\n\nINTERVIEWER: And, if I may ask, do you and your family have citizenship?\n\nISTAKHOROV: Yes. Well, I do. My wife doesn't, but she does have a green card.\nShe immigrated to United States in 19--actually, in 2000. In November of 2000. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642#t=2430.0,2460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642/transcript/41386/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yes.\n\nINTERVIEWER: So she came much later?\n\nISTAKHOROV: Yes. But she's from my hometown.\n\nINTERVIEWER: Really?\n\nISTAKHOROV: Yes. From Nalchik. So, yes, same tradition, same language. Because\nwe do speak Jewish, I mean, Sephardic language. Yes.\n\nINTERVIEWER: So you grew up speaking the Sephardic language?\n\nISTAKHOROV: Yes.\n\nINTERVIEWER: Did you also speak Russian at home?\n\nISTAKHOROV: Yes. Well, now we speak only Russian. But sometimes, sometimes, we\nthrow some ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642#t=2460.0,2490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642/transcript/41386/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"words, here and there. Just for fun. But the language, it's a\nSephardic language. Yes. We do, when Iranian talk, I can understand, or\nAfghanistan, people from Afghanistan.\n\nINTERVIEWER: Is it like Ladino?\n\nISTAKHOROV: No, no, no. It's different. It's a Sephardic language. You see,\nIran, Afghanistan, and a couple of other countries in the Middle East and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642#t=2490.0,2520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642/transcript/41386/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that\npart of the world speak Sephardic language.\n\nINTERVIEWER: Like Farsi?\n\nISTAKHOROV: Farsi. Yes. And that's what we speak, Farsi.\n\nINTERVIEWER: So, you spoke Farsi at home growing up?\n\nISTAKHOROV: Yes.\n\nINTERVIEWER: Did you also know Russian?\n\nISTAKHOROV: Yes. Because Russian, you go to school, you know, it's in the\nRussian language. Yes. Yes. We spoke of Russia.\n\nINTERVIEWER: How did it feel to become a citizen here?\n\nISTAKHOROV: I love it. I love it. I think it's the greatest country. I love the\nUnited States. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642#t=2520.0,2550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642/transcript/41386/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's good. It's good to be here. It's a blessing. It's a great country.\n\nEINSTEIN: Could you talk a little bit about, you know, the period after you\ndecided to emigrate? Were there any negative . . . Did anything happen to you in\nyour work life or your social life, at that period, in the late 1980's, in\nRussia, that made your life uncomfortable in any way? ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642#t=2550.0,2580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642/transcript/41386/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"As the process of\nimmigration kind of started moving forward?\n\nISTAKHOROV: Well, it wasn't that bad. It wasn't that terrible. I know some\npeople who were moving from Russia to United States or Israel, they had some big\nproblems with the neighbors, with the local authorities. But I didn't have that.\nI mean, I . . . first of all, it was kind of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642#t=2580.0,2610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642/transcript/41386/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"secret that we were going to move.\nNot many people knew about that. And if some knew, there was a closed, you know,\nfriends and some closed circle of friends. But it wasn't very bad. It wasn't. I\ndid have a problem when I had a two bedroom apartment in Saint Petersburg. And\nthen when I . . . you see, when you're moving, you have to kind of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642#t=2610.0,2640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642/transcript/41386/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"give it away,\nto back to the government. I had a problem that, they knew that I'm moving\nbecause I said, \"Well, I'm moving to United States, so I need to get rid of that\napartment and get my paperwork claim.\" So they would have to give me some kind\nof forms, saying that everything is fine, he gave his apartment, it's clean, and\nthis and that. So, they were giving . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642#t=2640.0,2670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642/transcript/41386/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I had some obstacles during that time.\nThey were saying, \"Well, the apartment is dirty. You have to pay 300 rubles to\ndo that, although I was given that for free. And then, you have to do this, you\nhave to do that, you have to go some other departments and get this form or\nthat. So basically that kind of unpleasant stuff. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642#t=2670.0,2700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642/transcript/41386/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But . . . and I didn't have to\nwork at that time too. I mean, I was working actually. And then I stopped and\nthe whole process was actually done while I wasn't working. And so I didn't have\nany problems from work. Because I know some people, they worked and they were\ndoing this process, and they had problems. Or they couldn't get the job ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642#t=2700.0,2730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642/transcript/41386/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and they\nwere in the process of like two or three years and they were actually starving,\nsitting on the boxes, you know, selling their books or stuff, belongings. Or\ndissidents. I'm sure you heard about them. We had couple of dissidents that I\npersonally know and knew.\n\nINTERVIEWER: Can you share any stories about them?\n\nISTAKHOROV: Well, basically, they couldn't, you know, they were smart people\nwith the degrees and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642#t=2730.0,2760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642/transcript/41386/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they couldn't find the job. They just couldn't find the\njob. And they had to work as a custodian or clerk that moving furniture or\nboxes, or some very low paid jobs. And they were smart people, very intelligent,\nvery educated people. They were selling their libraries, for Jews in Russia, it\nwas very important, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642#t=2760.0,2790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642/transcript/41386/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"education. And, a lot of Jews would buy books, read and have\nlibraries, like small libraries. And they would sell it just to survive. They\ncouldn't find a job. They had a trouble, even where they could find a job and\nthey worked, and they were moved very often from one place to another. And it\nwas ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642#t=2790.0,2820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642/transcript/41386/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"bad, very bad. But I didn't have that problem. When I was moving, it was\nlittle bit different time. It was 1989. [Mikhail] Gorbachev was in power and it\nwas little bit more, it was like a warming process, it was little bit more\ndemocratic. It wasn't that bad. You could move without any terrible problems.\nBut if you would ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642#t=2820.0,2850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642/transcript/41386/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"go couple of years before 1982, 83, 81, 80, that was a, you\nknow, that was bad. That was bad. You couldn't find, you know, first of all, you\nwould be fired from your work and then you wouldn't be able to find another one.\nAnd all you had to do, just go and find some low paid, heavy lifting job and\nthat's all, just survive ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642#t=2850.0,2880.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642/transcript/41386/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that way, starve. And, I witnessed some of the cases\nlike that.\n\nINTERVIEWER: What were your perceptions of America before you came here, when\nyou were just thinking about moving?\n\nISTAKHOROV: Well, I read some books, of course, and I listen to radio. Although\nit was illegal to listen ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642#t=2880.0,2910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642/transcript/41386/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to radio at Svobodnaya Amerika, which is Free America\nprogram. And . . . I think it was at that time, it was a country of opportunity,\na place of opportunities, you know? I just wanted to move from Russia because it\nwas, it wasn't ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642#t=2910.0,2940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642/transcript/41386/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"something that I wanted to be, and because of all these problems\nand I just decided for myself, whatever I will do there, at least, you know, I'm\ngoing to work and keep the family and raise the family. And I wouldn't have to\nlisten this, you know, things that I had in Russia, these antisemitic remarks\nand ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642#t=2940.0,2970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642/transcript/41386/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"problems. I didn't want to have the same problems for my kids, especially at\nthe last job that I had with that girl that came and fired me. So I thought,\nwell, that's it. And I thought, well, I know I'm going to survive there. And\nwell, I know that I'm going to be okay, actually. I know that it's going to be ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642#t=2970.0,3000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642/transcript/41386/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"okay.\n\nINTERVIEWER: Do you recall any of the first moments you were here, like your\nfirst trip to the grocery store?\n\nISTAKHOROV: Yes. It was interesting. It was interesting for me. Well, you see, I\nspent 20 days in Austria, Vienna. That was the first experience, because at the\nairport, we, I wanted to drink something, and a kid wanted to drink something.\nAnd I said, \"Well, I'm going to go and check some stores at the airport.\" So,\nand I walked to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642#t=3000.0,3030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642/transcript/41386/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"one of these grocery stores. They had a, and there's, you know,\nlike 50 types of . . . dairy and meats and kolbasa and all this and beer, you\nknow, and all that. I'm like, \"Wow, that's good. That's good.\" So, and I had\nsome money, not too much, though, but I had some, and I bought and, of course, I\nwas ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642#t=3030.0,3060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642/transcript/41386/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"fascinated by that. So then, six and a half months in Italy, I basically got\nused to all this, and then America wasn't anything new. There was one thing that\nI was really, was interesting. When we came to the airport in Asheville, there\nwas a big group of Jewish people that were meeting us. And with the guitars and\nbanners, you know, Welcome to America, and all this stuff. It was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642#t=3060.0,3090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642/transcript/41386/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"great. They\nput us in the . . . they drove us to our apartment. They already rented\napartment for us. Two bedroom apartment. It was nice. And then, so we said,\nokay. Well, this is where you're going to live, guys. I'm great. Everything's\nfine. And they went home and left us alone. My wife, my kid, and myself. So I\nthought, well, there's a refrigerator. Open the refrigerator. And it was full of\nfood. I said, okay, well, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642#t=3090.0,3120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642/transcript/41386/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"then I found a jar, and my English wasn't that good at\nthat time. So I opened the jar, it smelled real good. So, I said, well, that's\ninteresting. I took a spoon, big spoon, tablespoon, and it tastes good too. So I\nput it in my mouth and I start chewing it, and it stuck right there. It was a\npeanut butter, it was a crunchy peanut butter, and I couldn't swallow it. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642#t=3120.0,3150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642/transcript/41386/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So\nthen, of course, I took couple of sips of water and it was good. So, but\nbefore, I'm like, what is that? And the next day, the rabbi came and he said,\n\"Well, Simon, how are you doing? \"Everything's fine. Yes, everything is okay.\nWhat is this?\" And he said, \"Well, this is peanut butter. You should put it,\nwith jelly and on a piece of bread, and eat.\" I said, \"Oh, okay, because I took\na big chunk of it, like this much, and it stuck right there. And I couldn't\nswallow.\" Like.\n\nINTERVIEWER: You [indistinct: 52.59] an American staple.\n\nISTAKHOROV: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642#t=3150.0,3180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642/transcript/41386/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Then it was summer, it was hot, but it was great. It was good. It\nwas amazing. They met us, at the airport. It was so, so great. Friendly, great.\n\nINTERVIEWER: The Asheville community was supportive?\n\nISTAKHOROV: Yes, yes. Great, great, great community, great people.\n\nINTERVIEWER: Do you have any last thoughts you'd like to share before we wrap up?\n\nISTAKHOROV: Pretty much ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642#t=3180.0,3210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642/transcript/41386/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"okay.\n\nINTERVIEWER: Thank you so much for coming. It was really great speaking to you today.\n\nISTAKHOROV: Thank you for having me.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642#t=3210.0,3240.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642/annotation_set/958","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Annotations [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642/annotation_set/958/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSimon Istakhorov is a realtor, currently living in Georgia, United States. He grew up in Nalchik, which is the capital of modern day’s Kabardino-Balkarian Republic (part of the Russian Federation).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642/annotation_set/958/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Elliott and Judith Cohen Oral History Collection consists of interviews with Russian Jewish immigrants, preserving their stories of growing up in Russia/the Soviet Union and their experiences rebuilding their lives in the United States.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642/annotation_set/958/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Esther and Herbert Taylor Family Foundation supports The Esther and Herbert Taylor Oral History Collection at the Cuba Family Archives for Southern Jewish History at the Breman Museum in Atlanta, which consists of a thousand oral histories that document Jewish life in Georgia and Alabama. The Foundation was founded in 1983 and is administered by the Jewish Federation of Greater Atlanta.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642/annotation_set/958/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum in Atlanta celebrates and commemorates Jewish history, culture, and art through events and museum spaces. The Breman also contains the Cuba Family Archives for Southern Jewish History, which houses thousands of manuscripts, oral histories, and photograph collections, related to Southern Jewish history and the Holocaust.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642/annotation_set/958/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eModern day’s Kabardino-Balkarian Republic (part of the Russian Federation) is located in the North Caucasus.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642/annotation_set/958/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eNalchik is the capital city of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642/annotation_set/958/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMount Elbrus is a large stratovolcano. It is the highest peak in the Caucasus Mountains, and the highest peak in Europe and Russia.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642/annotation_set/958/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAfter the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the city of Leningrad was once again known by its historical name, Saint Petersburg. The city, an important historical and cultural hub, is located in the northwestern area of Russia.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642#t=60.0,90.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642/annotation_set/958/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIslam is the main religion in Kabardino-Balkaria, but the republic is also home to other religions, including Judaism and Orthodox Christianity.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642#t=180.0,210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642/annotation_set/958/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAntisemitism is prejudice against, hostility to, or hatred of Jews.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642#t=300.0,330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642/annotation_set/958/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe communist government that came to power in the 1917 Russian Revolution followed an unofficial policy of state atheism. Officially, it did not outlaw religion in the Soviet Union. However, religion was seen as a threat to the socialist state and, especially after Joseph Stalin came to power, it began making efforts to eliminate religious institutions. Atheism was propagated in schools, religious institutions had their property confiscated, and believers were harassed. During the Great Purge of the 1930s, religious leaders were among the hundreds of thousands of people jailed and executed as political enemies. While the Russian Revolution had replaced the centuries-old official antisemitism of the Tzars, deeply ingrained antisemitic attitudes made Jews suspects of potential opposition. Communist ideology asked Jews to assimilate and not to identify as anything but loyal to the state.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642#t=330.0,360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642/annotation_set/958/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAshdod is a major port city in Israel.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642#t=750.0,780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642/annotation_set/958/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHolon is a city in west-central Israel.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642#t=750.0,780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642/annotation_set/958/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eKashrut\u003c/em\u003e is a set of dietary laws dealing with the foods that Jews are permitted to eat and how those foods must be prepared according to Jewish law. Food that may be consumed is deemed kosher, from the Ashkenazi pronunciation of the Hebrew term kashér, meaning \"fit\" (in this context, \"fit for consumption”). Kosher for Passover (or “\u003cem\u003epesadik\u003c/em\u003e kosher”) foods are made with flour that is specifically prepared for Passover consumption and are usually made under the supervision of a rabbi. Jews are prohibited from eating leavened bread during the entire week of Passover. A number of specific foods are also off limits including foods made with wheat, barley, rye, spelt or oats, unless they are labeled “Kosher for Passover.” Many observant Jews will also use separate dishes, utensils and pots and pans for Passover. According to \u003cem\u003ekashrut\u003c/em\u003e, certain animals and poultry are slaughtered in a ritual method known as \u003cem\u003eShechita.\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642#t=750.0,780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642/annotation_set/958/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBukharian Jews (or Bukharan Jews) are an ethno-religious group who historically have lived in Central Asia, such as in the area that makes up modern day Uzbekistan.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642#t=840.0,870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642/annotation_set/958/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBeslan is a town in the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania (part of the Russian Federation). In September 2004, a violent hostage crisis occurred at Beslan School No. 1, during which over 300 people died, most of whom where children.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642#t=1020.0,1050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642/annotation_set/958/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Tat people are an ethnic group who live in the Caucasus. They are predominantly Muslim, and their language, Tat, is a Southwestern Iranian language. During the Soviet period, Tat people and Mountain Jews were often combined as one group.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642#t=1380.0,1410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642/annotation_set/958/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMountain Jews are a Jewish ethnic group from the Caucasus region, including Azerbaijan and Kabardino-Balkaria. Their ancestors were Persian Jews, and their language (Juhuro) is a Southwestern Iranian language.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642#t=1380.0,1410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642/annotation_set/958/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRussian: горский еврей\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642#t=1410.0,1440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642/annotation_set/958/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAsheville is a city in the western section of North Carolina.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642#t=1860.0,1890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642/annotation_set/958/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAtlanta is the capital city of Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642#t=1890.0,1920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642/annotation_set/958/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Slosman Corporation was a textile company located in Asheville, North Carolina. Frederick Slosman, the CEO starting in the 1980’s, was very involved with the local Jewish community, including the Jewish Community Center.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642#t=1980.0,2010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642/annotation_set/958/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMakita Corporation of America is an industrial machines manufacturer.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642#t=2160.0,2190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642/annotation_set/958/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCongregation Or VeShalom was established in Atlanta, Georgia by refugees of the Ottoman Empire, namely from Turkey and the Isle of Rhodes. The Sephardic congregation began in 1920 and was based at Central and Woodward Avenues until 1948 when it moved to a larger building on North Highland Road. Or VeShalom’s current synagogue is located on North Druid Hills Road.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642#t=2220.0,2250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642/annotation_set/958/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSuper Sunday is a major annual fundraising event organized by the various North American Jewish federations.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642#t=2310.0,2340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642/annotation_set/958/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIn the American immigration system, someone who has a green card is authorized to permanently live and work in the United States.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642#t=2430.0,2460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642/annotation_set/958/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe ruble [Russian: рубль] was the currency of the Soviet Union. It is also the current Russian currency.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642#t=2670.0,2700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642/annotation_set/958/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMikhail Gorbachev [Russian: Михаил Горбачёв] (1931-2022) was a prominent politician in the Soviet Union. He was the last head of the Soviet Union before its dissolution and left office in December 1991.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642#t=2820.0,2850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642/annotation_set/958/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRussian: свободная Америка\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642#t=2910.0,2940.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642/index/52000","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Istakhorov, Simon [Index]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642/index/52000/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Growing up in Nalchik and Description of the City's Jewish Community","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642#t=17.0,321.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/84101/file/172642/index/52000/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Would you please begin by giving your name and the city where you were born, as well as the spelling of the . . . ?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial 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