{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/cz3222rr6w/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Hirsch, Benjamin (2002)"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["2002-07-22 (creation)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["Video"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eBenjamin Hirsch was intervieiwed by Jane Leavey and Ruth Einstein in Atlanta, Georgia on July 22, 2002.\u003c/p\u003e (general)","\u003cp\u003eBenjamin Hirsch was born in 1932 in Frankfurt am Main, Germany. He was the fifth of seven children born to a dentist, Hermann Hirsch, and his wife, Mathilde Auerbach Hirsch. In 1938, as the Nazi regime terrorized German Jews, Ben’s father was arrested and sent to Buchenwald. Their mother sent Ben and his four older siblings to France on a Kindertransport. The two youngest children were too young to go. Ben was separated from his siblings in France and shifted through various children’s’ homes—Villa Helvetia, Château de Masgelier, Château des Morrelles and others—for the next several years. In 1941, after the Germans grip on France grew tighter, Ben and his two older sisters were smuggled out of France to Lisbon, Portugal on transports organized by the Oeuvre de Secours aux Enfants (OSE). From Lisbon, the children sailed for the United States. The three siblings met up with their brothers in Atlanta, Georgia. The children were all separately placed in local Jewish foster homes. Ben lived with several Jewish families until he graduated from high school. Ben’s parents and younger brother and sister perished in the Holocaust. Hermann died in Sachsenhausen concentration camp in November 1942. His mother and two siblings were murdered in the gas chambers of Auschwitz-Birkenau sometime in the fall of 1943. Ben served in the United States armed forces during the Korean War and then studied architecture at the Georgia Institute of Technology. Ben became an architect in Atlanta, designing several award-winning structures. For a short time he was in practice with Warren Epstein in the firm of Epstein and Hirsch. In 1978, Hirsch founded Benjamin Hirsch and Associates, Inc. Ben is the designer of the Holocaust Gallery at the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum as well as the Memorial to the Six Million in Atlanta’s Greenwood Cemetery. Ben published two autobiographical books, \u003cem\u003eHearing a Different Drummer: A Holocaust Survivor’s Search for Identity\u003c/em\u003e (2000) and \u003cem\u003eHome is Where You Find It \u003c/em\u003e(2006). He and his wife, the former Jacqueline Robkin, had four children and were the proud grandparents of 20. Ben Hirsch passed away on Febriary 11, 2018 at the age of 85.\u003c/p\u003e (bioghist)","\u003cp\u003eBenjamin introduces his family. He describes what he witnessed on Kristallnacht and his father’s arrest. Ben explains how he was sent to France with his four older siblings and the various homes he lived in over the next few years. He recollects his journey from France through Spain to Portugal before sailing to the United States. Ben explains how the siblings ended up in Atlanta, Georgia. He shares many of his experiences adjusting to life in the United States and growing up in Atlanta. He recounts the jobs he held and learning the fate of his parents and younger siblings. Ben explains how he became interested in studying architecture, joined the army, and began to study Judaism. He outlines his early career and his designs of the Memorial to Six Million, the Doris Zaban chapel, and Or VeShalom’s synagogue. Ben describes his social activism and interest in Holocaust education. Ben recalls his marriage, the birth of his children, and how he returned to his Orthodox roots. Finallly, Ben outlines the trajectory of his siblings, their children, and his own children and grandchildren.\u003c/p\u003e (scope content)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source Metadata URI"]},"value":{"en":["https://archivesspace.thebreman.org/repositories/2/archival_objects/28299"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject"]},"value":{"en":["Benjamin Hirsch (personal name)","Jackie Hirsch (personal name)","Dr. Hermann Hirsch (personal name)","Mathilde Auerbach Hirsch (personal name)","Flora Hirsch Spiegel (personal name)","Sarah Hirsch Shartar (personal name)","Jack Hirsch (personal name)","Asher Hirsch (personal name)","Werner Hirsch (personal name)","Roseline Hirsch (personal name)","Shoshana Hirsch (personal name)","Adinah Hirsch (personal name)","Michal Hirsch Appelbaum (personal name)","Rafael Hirsch (personal name)","Whitey Kugler (personal name)","Paul Moldai (personal name)","Werner Spiegel (personal name)","Paul M. Heffernan (personal name)","Abe Besser (personal name)","Lola Borkowska Lansky (personal name)","Rubin Lansky (personal name)","Isaac Goodfriend (personal name)","Warren Epstein (personal name)","Erwin Zaban (personal name)","Charlie Leb (personal name)","Governor Marvin Griffin (personal name)","Patrick Joseph \"Pat\" Buchanan (personal name)","Yoni Werzberger (personal name)","Adolf Hitler (personal name)","Rabbi Hyman Friedman (personal name)","Rabbi Emanuel Feldman (personal name)","Rabbi Robert Ichay (personal name)","Dr. Leon Rosen (personal name)","Dr. Abraham Velkoff (personal name)","Dr. Jacob Epstein (personal name)","Dr. William Hopkins (personal name)","Oeuvre de Secours aux Enfants (O.S.E) (corporate name)","Friedberger Anlage Synagogue (corporate name)","Atlanta Jewish Community Center (corporate name)","Liberty Magazine (corporate name)","One Thousand Children (OTC) (corporate name)","Hidden Children Conference (corporate name)","Jewish Federation of Greater Atlanta (corporate name)","James L. Key Elementary School (corporate name)","Oak Smith High School (corporate name)","Yeshiva High School (corporate name)","Katherine and Jacob Greenfield Hebrew Academy (corporate name)","Shearith Israel Hebrew School (corporate name)","Jewish Children's Service (corporate name)","Mayfair Club (corporate name)","Atlanta Boys Club (corporate name)","Kenny's Shoe Store (corporate name)","International Red Cross (corporate name)","Georgia Institute of Technology (corporate name)","University of Georgia (corporate name)","Congregation Beth Jacob (corporate name)","Congregation Shearith Israel (corporate name)","Congregation Or VeShalom (corporate name)","Eternal Life-Hemshech (corporate name)","Anti-Defamation League (ADL) (corporate name)","Atlanta Bureau of Jewish Education (corporate name)","Camp Barney Medintz (corporate name)","Epstein and Hirsch (corporate name)","James Wise and Associates (corporate name)","B'nai B'rith Youth Organization (corporate name)","Expo 85 (corporate name)","Shaare Zedek Hospital (corporate name)","Mead Atlanta Paper Company (corporate name)","Cuba Family Archives for Southern Jewish History (corporate name)","Bolshoi Ballet (corporate name)","Frankfurt, Germany (geographic term)","Creuse, France (geographic term)","Paris, France (geographic term)","Montmorency, France (geographic term)","Marseille, France (geographic term)","Brout-Vernet, France (geographic term)","Vichy, France (geographic term)","Madrid, Spain (geographic term)","Lisbon, Portugal (geographic term)","Atlanta, Georgia (geographic term)","Chicago, Illinois (geographic term)","New York (geographic term)","Pyrenees Mountains (geographic term)","Oranienberg, Germany (geographic term)","Sachsenhausen, Germany (geographic term)","Germany (geographic term)","Russia (geographic term)","Israel (geographic term)","United States (geographic term)","France (geographic term)","Buchenwald Concentration Camp (geographic term)","Auschwitz-Birkenau Concentration Camp (geographic term)","Bergen-Belsen Concentration Camp (geographic term)","Chateau de Masgelier (geographic term)","Chateau de Morelle (geographic term)","Villa Helvetia (geographic term)","Camp Chaffee, Arkansas (geographic term)","Fort Lewis, Washington (geographic term)","Holocaust Survivors (topical term)","Holocaust Education (topical term)","Jewish Heritage Museum (topical term)","Memorial to the Six Million (topical term)","Holocaust (topical term)","Concentration Camps (topical term)","Korean War (topical term)","World War II (topical term)","GI Bill (topical term)","Kristallnacht (topical term)","Nuremberg Laws (topical term)","S.S. Mouzinho (topical term)","Gas Chambers (topical term)","Kippah (topical term)","Shabbat (topical term)","Shiva (topical term)","Judaism (topical term)","Jewish Community (topical term)","Civil Rights Movement (topical term)","Yom HaShoah (topical term)"]}}],"summary":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eBenjamin Hirsch was intervieiwed by Jane Leavey and Ruth Einstein in Atlanta, Georgia on July 22, 2002.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBenjamin Hirsch was born in 1932 in Frankfurt am Main, Germany. He was the fifth of seven children born to a dentist, Hermann Hirsch, and his wife, Mathilde Auerbach Hirsch. In 1938, as the Nazi regime terrorized German Jews, Ben’s father was arrested and sent to Buchenwald. Their mother sent Ben and his four older siblings to France on a Kindertransport. The two youngest children were too young to go. Ben was separated from his siblings in France and shifted through various children’s’ homes—Villa Helvetia, Château de Masgelier, Château des Morrelles and others—for the next several years. In 1941, after the Germans grip on France grew tighter, Ben and his two older sisters were smuggled out of France to Lisbon, Portugal on transports organized by the Oeuvre de Secours aux Enfants (OSE). From Lisbon, the children sailed for the United States. The three siblings met up with their brothers in Atlanta, Georgia. The children were all separately placed in local Jewish foster homes. Ben lived with several Jewish families until he graduated from high school. Ben’s parents and younger brother and sister perished in the Holocaust. Hermann died in Sachsenhausen concentration camp in November 1942. His mother and two siblings were murdered in the gas chambers of Auschwitz-Birkenau sometime in the fall of 1943. Ben served in the United States armed forces during the Korean War and then studied architecture at the Georgia Institute of Technology. Ben became an architect in Atlanta, designing several award-winning structures. For a short time he was in practice with Warren Epstein in the firm of Epstein and Hirsch. In 1978, Hirsch founded Benjamin Hirsch and Associates, Inc. Ben is the designer of the Holocaust Gallery at the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum as well as the Memorial to the Six Million in Atlanta’s Greenwood Cemetery. Ben published two autobiographical books, \u003cem\u003eHearing a Different Drummer: A Holocaust Survivor’s Search for Identity\u003c/em\u003e (2000) and \u003cem\u003eHome is Where You Find It \u003c/em\u003e(2006). He and his wife, the former Jacqueline Robkin, had four children and were the proud grandparents of 20. Ben Hirsch passed away on Febriary 11, 2018 at the age of 85.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBenjamin introduces his family. He describes what he witnessed on Kristallnacht and his father’s arrest. Ben explains how he was sent to France with his four older siblings and the various homes he lived in over the next few years. He recollects his journey from France through Spain to Portugal before sailing to the United States. Ben explains how the siblings ended up in Atlanta, Georgia. He shares many of his experiences adjusting to life in the United States and growing up in Atlanta. He recounts the jobs he held and learning the fate of his parents and younger siblings. Ben explains how he became interested in studying architecture, joined the army, and began to study Judaism. He outlines his early career and his designs of the Memorial to Six Million, the Doris Zaban chapel, and Or VeShalom’s synagogue. Ben describes his social activism and interest in Holocaust education. Ben recalls his marriage, the birth of his children, and how he returned to his Orthodox roots. Finallly, Ben outlines the trajectory of his siblings, their children, and his own children and grandchildren.\u003c/p\u003e"]},"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/101/630/small/Benjamin_Hirsch.png?1619299780","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - Hirsch_Benjamin.mp4"]},"duration":13161.229,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/101/630/small/Benjamin_Hirsch.png?1619299780","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-thebreman.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/101/630/original/Hirsch_Benjamin.mp4?1607960892","type":"Video","format":"video/mp4","duration":13161.229,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Benjamin Hirsch [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"LEAVEY: Today is July 22, 2002. We're here with Benjamin Hirsch doing an\ninterview for the Legacy Project for the Breman Jewish Heritage Museum. Ben,\nwill you begin by telling us a little bit about your family, where you are from,\nand their experiences ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in Europe before you came to America?\n\nHIRSCH: My name is Benjamin Hirsch. I had the same name in Germany except it was\npronounced slightly differently. I was born September 19, 1932 in Frankfurt am\nMain, Germany. I was the fifth child of Dr. Hermann Hirsch and Mathilde Auerbach\nHirsch. My father was a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"dentist. I was born about three or so months before\nHitler came to power. Shortly after he came to power, he changed many of the\nlaws pertaining to how Jews may or may not do business in Germany. It affected\nmy father's business greatly, to the point ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=60.0,90.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that, when I was a small child, my\noldest brother and sister had to be sent away just so we could afford to feed\nthe family. People started leaving. People in my father's situation started\nleaving--dentists and doctors. Dentists and doctors that were Jewish in Germany\nstarted to leave because they no longer had a practice where they ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=90.0,120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"could serve\nanyone other than Jews. After a while, it got to the point that my father was\nvirtually the only Jewish dentist left in Frankfurt. Economically, things got\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=120.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"better and my brother and sister came back. Even after the Nuremberg Laws, my\nfamily decided that it was time to let the growth of the family continue. My\nyounger brother, Werner, was born in March of 1937. My baby sister, Roseline,\nwas born in March of 1938. That was just ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=150.0,180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about six months before Kristallnacht.\nOn November 9 and 10, 1938--which is Kristallnacht--was when . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=180.0,210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I have\nactually two memories of Kristallnacht. One of them where I went to our\nsynagogue, which was about a block or so away from our house, with my twelve\nyear old cousin, Arno Horenshek. We went to see what was going on at the\nFriedberger Anlage synagogue, which was our schul--a very large and magnificent\nbuilding. We got there and there were many, many people ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=210.0,240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"standing in the park\nacross the street watching what was going on. We joined the crowd. We saw that\nthere were hoodlums rushing in and out of the synagogue with Molotov cocktails\nand the sort. They were looting the place and they were trying to set it on\nfire. It was made out of concrete, stone, and steel. That doesn't burn easily\nbut the interior did ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=240.0,270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"burn--the pews, etcetera, and the décor. They brought out\nthe silver ornaments from the Aron Kodesh, from the ark. That brought out the\nTorah scrolls and they opened them up and they pierced them on the picket fence\nthat was in between the arches surrounding the entrance courtyard of the\nsynagogue. There were policemen ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=270.0,300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there--to keep order I suppose. You would think\nthat they would be there to protect the civilians who were standing around\nwatching, but they were not. They were there to protect the perpetrators, the\nones who were going in and out of the synagogue. I remember looking at Arno and\nwondering \"What the hell is going on?\" Started looking around and about half the\nhundred or so people that were there also, had this quizzical look ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=300.0,330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and kind of\nstunned look on their face like, \"What in the world is going on?\" The other half\nwere cheering the guys on like they were at a soccer game. This is a very vivid\nmemory that I have of Kristallnacht. The other memory that I have is really not\nmy own memory. It's something that my mind has blacked out and continues to\nblack out but comes from my nieces and nephews who heard it from their parents,\nwhich are my brothers and sisters, who never would tell me ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=330.0,360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because, of those who\nsurvived, I was the baby. I was shielded from this type of a thing. But this is\nwhen they came to arrest my father, which was on the day of Kristallnacht, on\nNovember 10. Apparently they had been casing the house because they had been\nlooking for Jewish men who were in leadership positions in the community. My\nfather was one of those. They came in to arrest ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=360.0,390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"him. There were three men--they\nway I'm told. Two had uniforms and one had a trench coat and a hat. He\napparently was in charge. They also had weapons with them that were quite\nevident and they had police dogs. They knocked on the door and my mother came\nand was holding my baby sister in her arms. The man in the trench coat asked for\nDr. Hirsch. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=390.0,420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"She was astute enough to realize that there was a problem so she\ntold him that Dr. Hirsch was not home but that if he would leave a card, she\nwould make sure that Dr. Hirsch would call him as soon as he got home. The man\nknew--they had been casing the house--they knew he was home. He wasn't too\namused at this and he grabbed the baby from my mother's arms, threw my sister on\nthe ground, pulled out his pistol and pointed it at ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=420.0,450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"her. He said, \"You have\nthirty seconds to have Dr. Hirsch appear. And if he doesn't come in thirty\nseconds, I will shoot the baby.\" Then he pointed to her with the pistol and\nsaid, \"He's next.\" Then I was next. He said, \"Down the line, I will shoot all\nyour children by age. You will see them all die and then I'll kill you.\" This he\ntold to my mother. My father, who was in the back room, overheard all this. He\nran out quickly and gave himself up. He was sent to Buchenwald. That was the\nlast ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=450.0,480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"time the five oldest Hirsch children saw our father at all--alive or dead.\nWe don't know where he's buried. My mother was trying to figure out what in the\nworld to do to send those children that were old enough to travel to safety. She\nstarted checking around. She heard about a Kindertransport that was being\norganized by the orphanage that was going to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=480.0,510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Paris. She got us signed up on\nthat. The five of us were scheduled to leave on December 5, 1938 to go to Paris.\nThe reason that was so acceptable to my mother was because we had mishpucha\nthere. There were two uncles and quite a few cousins living in Paris--two\nbrothers of my father. When we got ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=510.0,540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to Paris, my two sisters went with Uncle\nGustie, who was my father's oldest brother, and my two brothers went with a\ncousin, Marcus Cohen, whose family ran a Jewish boarding school. I was supposed\nto go with Uncle Yachim, my father's youngest brother. The way I heard it from\nthe man who took me in was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=540.0,570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that he went to synagogue that morning and my uncle\nstood up and said, \"We have a very nice six year old young boy coming from\nFrankfurt today. I'm supposed to take him in and I can't. I'm having a major\nproblem. Would somebody take him in?\" Mr. Samuels raised his hand and said, \"I'd\nbe happy to do that.\" That's how I came to stay with Nathan and Helena Samuels.\nThey had a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=570.0,600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"three-year-old daughter named Fannie, who I played with a lot. We had\nfun at times, except when it came to sharing things. She was three years old and\nthree year olds do not share. We had some fun times. I was told that I used to\nfeed her goldfish. When I finally met her many years later, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=600.0,630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"she remembered that\nI fed her goldfish so I guess I did! I stayed at the Samuels' until it became\nevident that the Nazis, the Germans were going to overrun France, they were\ncoming to Paris, and that Jews would not be safe in Paris. They were going to\nleave Paris themselves and go into hiding. They sent me to one of the O.S.E.\nhomes ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=630.0,660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in Montmorency, which is a suburb of Paris. There were several O.S.E.\nhomes in Montmorency. The one I stayed with was called Villa Helvetia. It was\nnot an Orthodox home. They didn't think it was necessary. I was only seven . . .\nno, I was only six at the time. The reason ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=660.0,690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm thinking seven was because\nshortly after I got there, I told them it was my birthday so that I could make\nfriends. They had a birthday party for me and everybody thought I was wonderful.\n\nLEAVEY: Do you want to describe what the O.S.E. homes were?\n\nHIRSCH: The O.S.E. homes were formed in 1939 by a group with interestingly the\nsame acronym ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=690.0,720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"O.S.E. that originally came from Russia, from Moscow. They had had\na group of orphanages in Moscow, Jewish orphanages in Moscow, and when the\nRevolution came in 1917, they left and they came to France. They maintained the\norganization as a social club, as a social group, without having a function.\nThen when the need came up in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=720.0,750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"1939 to have a place to house Jewish children,\nparticularly from Frankfurt and other parts of Germany whose parents were\nalready incarcerated--in some cases, they were already killed--they made a major\neffort. They bought up quite a few villas and chateaus and other places\nthroughout France in preparation for this. They hired a socialist educator named\nDr. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=750.0,780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Papernak. He was put in charge of the homes and he made sure that one or two\nof them would be Orthodox and kosher for those children who had those\nrequirements. That was done after I went to Helvetzia. When I went to Helvetzia,\nthere wasn't a kosher home available. I believe that my sisters were in\nHelvetzia also if I'm not mistaken. At least I remember seeing ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=780.0,810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"them while I was\nthere. We stayed in Helvetzia for a while. Then it became apparent that if the\nNazis are coming to Paris, they got to come to Montmorency because it's so\nclose. All of the homes just kind of packed up and left to go toward south\ncentral France and to go to various homes throughout there. The one that I went\nto was in Creuse. It was Chateau de Masgelier. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=810.0,840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was about a four hundred year\nold castle that the O.S.E. had bought. It was in a rural area. They told us not\nto have any dealings whatsoever with the local populous there because they were\nso much afraid that we would be turned in to the Nazis. The only dealings that\nwe had anywhere ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=840.0,870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"outside of the Chateau itself is when we went to school. We used\nto have to walk to school from the Chateau in groups and then walk back. I\nremember one time walking on a very cold winter day and my sabots . . . we wore\nthese wooden shoes--sabots--at that time and I never knew that if you walk with\nsabots in snow and if it's warm ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=870.0,900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"enough where the snow can melt a little bit,\nthat it'll cake up the bottom of the sabot. It started caking up and by the time\nI walked several hundred yards, I was walking on stilts of snow. I started\ncrying because I was going to . . . I didn't want to walk. I was going to fall\nflat on my butt. Somebody had to come and knock all the snow out from under my\nsabots so I could go along the way. There are a lot of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=900.0,930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"very weird memories of\nChateau de Masgelier. I was one of the youngest children there, which had its\ndisadvantages . . . great disadvantages particularly when it came to food. When\nthe food was served, it was survival of the fittest. The young people . . . by\nthe time we got food, it was cold. It was supposed to be hot food, but it was\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=930.0,960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"cold. It didn't make for great cuisine. The sanitation in this rural area . . .\nleft a lot to be desired. Our biggest game . . . some people play tic-tac-toe,\nbut we used to go to the wall and see how many flies you can ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=960.0,990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"catch at one time.\nYou can barely see the wall covering--whether it was wall covering or paint I\ndon't know--with the flies all over the wall. I caught twenty at one time and I\nwas a champion. With small hands, I was able to do that. I thought that was very\ngood. On the . . . I think it was May 17, 1941 when ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=990.0,1020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I got some kind of\ncommunication that I was supposed to leave Chateau de Masgelier by bus and\nrendezvous with my brothers in Marseille. We were going to be a part of an\nescape out of Europe. There was a selected group of about 100 kids that were\ngoing to try to escape Europe. For whatever reason, we were ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=1020.0,1050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"selected. Jack and\nAsh and I were selected to be in the same group. I got on the bus with several\nother kids, most of them much older than me--two years is much older at that\nage--and went to Marseille. I saw my two brothers and I was really excited about\nthat. It was wonderful, but not nearly as excited as I was about seeing the food\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=1050.0,1080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"lines because being in the situation that I was in, I hadn't had hot food in a\nlong time. At least, it seemed like forever. I got into the hot bread line and I\ngot my hot bread. Then I saw the hot soup line, so I ate the hot bread while I\nwas going in the soup line. By the time I got the soup, I didn't have any bread\nleft, so I went back in the bread line to get that. This kind of went on. I\ndon't know how many times I went back and forth, but by the time I finished, the\nnext day ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=1080.0,1110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or that evening, I doubled over in cramps and I was pretty sick. The\ndoctors examined me and said I had appendicitis and said I would not be able to\ngo on this escape route on this trip. My two brothers went on ahead on the\ntrain. All I knew was that it was going through the Pyrenees, to Spain and\nsomehow from there to the United States. They left and a day or so ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=1110.0,1140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"later, I was\nsent to a place outside of Vichy, called Brout-Vernet. There was a Chateau de\nMorelle, which was the next O.S.E. home that I was in. It's kind of a misnomer\nbecause it was nowhere near a chateau. It's really more like a villa. My sisters\nwere there. I stayed there for about three months. Then we got another\ncommuniqué ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=1140.0,1170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the first escape was successful and that we should meet in\nMarseilles with a handful of other children. \"We're going to try it one more\ntime.\" We went to Marseilles and I was very, very careful about the amount of\nintake I had on the soup line and the bread line. I was able to make it this\ntime. We ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=1170.0,1200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"went by train through the Pyrenees Mountains, through the Spanish\ncountryside. The destination was to get to Madrid. It was important that we got\nthere after sundown because Spain was inundated with Nazi espionage personnel.\nThey had spies all over the place. Their ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=1200.0,1230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sole purpose for being in Spain was to\ntry and catch Jews that were trying to get out of Europe because they didn't\nwant Jews to be able to escape. They wanted them to come back and get their just\ndesserts, which was getting killed. The people who organized this escape were\nastute enough to realize that this had to be done. We kind of went slowly and\nhad certain places to stop ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=1230.0,1260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for a little while. That was where, when I came\nacross these Spanish kids that made me realize that, as bad as I thought I had\nit, they had it worse. The kids were starving to death and we didn't have any\nfood to give them because we were only given food at specific times. Whatever we\nhad, we had to eat then. We were not allowed to save anything. So we didn't have\nanything to give them. It was very sad to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=1260.0,1290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"see these young, starving children\nbegging for food and not being able to give them anything. It's something that's\nkind of stuck in my mind a long, long time. It's interesting because my brother\nand I were not on the same trip but we talked about it about a couple of years\nago and he said the same thing--that that stuck in his mind too. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=1290.0,1320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Anyway, we got\nto Madrid and there we were taken to a convent. The nuns there knew the drill.\nThey knew what had to happen. They got us bathed, they gave us some food, and\nthey got us a little bit of a nap, whatever sleep we could get. They made sure\nthat we got out of there in the morning before dawn so that we wouldn't be seen\nleaving as well. We got back on the train and then went ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=1320.0,1350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to Lisbon, Portugal.\nLisbon was like getting a breath of fresh air actually. You could feel the\nrelease of tension. Somehow there wasn't this oppressive feeling over there.\nThere was espionage . . . there were German spies in Lisbon too, but not . . .\nit wasn't ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=1350.0,1380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"saturated like it was in Spain. We stayed for about ten days or so, I\nthink, waiting for the boat to be ready, to come back for us, and then also to\nmake the boat ready. We went on the exact same ship that my brothers went on,\nwhich was the S.S. Mouzinho, which is a Portuguese liner. Now there were many\nother people on the boat. On the first ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=1380.0,1410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"trip, there were 100 of the O.S.E.\nchildren who went on that boat, but the boat holds about 1,500 I think and it\nwas full. The same thing with us. In our case, I think there were 45 O.S.E.\nchildren on the second trip. I've since met other people who were on that same\nboat. My friend Werner ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=1410.0,1440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Spiegel, he was there on the boat with his family. Liese\nStrauss--the kosher butcher's wife- she was on that trip with her family, on\nthat same boat. There were a lot of people who were escaping out of Europe who\nhad the means to do it on their own who were on that boat as well. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=1440.0,1470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Do you want\nany recollections from being on the boat and so on?\n\nLEAVEY: Sure.\n\nHIRSCH: There's several recollections I have about being on the boat. One of\nthem was of course the realization that all of a sudden . . . I had been without\nfamily for so long. I had been without siblings or parents. Then all of a\nsudden, I had two siblings and two mothers at the same time. They were fighting\nover me to see who was going ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=1470.0,1500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to be my mother. I was kind of the butt of that\nwhole thing. It wasn't all that pleasant particularly when they decided to bathe\nme in front of all their friends, to show them how domestic they were I guess. I\nabsolutely could not fall asleep in the quarters that we had. We had these . . .\nsome kind of quarters down ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=1500.0,1530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"below where all of us were in one large space that\nhad hammocks that we were supposed to sleep on. That in itself was not a\nproblem. It was just so stuffy down there. I just couldn't fall asleep. So what\nI would do at night is I would sneak up and go up and fall asleep on the lounge\nchairs on the deck. That worked well for me until one night we had a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=1530.0,1560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"huge storm\ncoming up. I could see that this was a major problem. Before it got much worse\nand the wind was blowing like crazy, I said, \"I got to get out of here. I better\nget downstairs quick.\" I started going and, to get to our quarters, I had to\npass the . . . staterooms. Sort of like a motel, you go on a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=1560.0,1590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"walkway. On one\nside is the room; on the other side is a railing and the ocean. These pathways\nhave a strip of carpeting on them. The wind was blowing so fiercely that\ncarpeting loosened and started going like a snake . . . up and down. I only\nweighed 42 or 43 pounds at the time. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=1590.0,1620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It wasn't enough of a weight for that.\nBoom! The thing just threw me up in the air. I thought I was going to fly over\nthe railing, which I almost did. I grabbed hold of one of the posts for dear\nlife and started screaming and crying. I was in bad shape. One of the stewards\nheard me and he came running, and he got me down. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=1620.0,1650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"First, when he saw that I was\nokay and before I had a chance to thank him, he started scolding me for being\nwhere I was. I wasn't supposed to be out there. I explained to him why, that I\njust couldn't sleep downstairs. He said, \"Well, you have no choice. You have to\ndo that.\" We made a deal that I would go downstairs and not come back up, not do\nthat again, if he wouldn't tell my sisters ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=1650.0,1680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about the foolish thing that I did.\nThey probably to their dying day never knew about this. That was one of the fun\nthings. The other thing that I remember is we landed in New York on Labor Day.\nWe couldn't get off the boat because it was Labor Day, but we had some very\nspecial guests on the boat and they were allowed to get off. The Coast ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=1680.0,1710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Guard\ncame to get them. These were two stowaways who had escaped prison in Lisbon and\nhad gotten on the boat and were hiding in the coal bin down there. I have no\nidea whether the rumors are true but the rumors had it that they had caught one\nof the cabin boys from the boat and killed him and ate him, cannibalized ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=1710.0,1740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"him. I\nstood there watching when they took them off. They were black as the ace of\nspades because . . . they were Caucasian people but they were black from the\ncoal. It was such an awesome . . . I look back and think about it--I was in awe\nof these people. Here they were, they escaped from the prison, they were\nhorrible people and to me they were ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=1740.0,1770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"heroes! It's really kind of bad when I think\nabout that. It's so easy to get impressed by people. The funny thing is, I've\ntalked to several people who were on the same boat and nobody remembers that but\nme. My sisters do not remember that. Werner Spiegel does not remember that.\nLiese Strauss does not remember that. Now I met some people just about a month\nago when I was in Chicago at the OTC reunion . . . a couple of people that were\non the same boat . . . they don't remember ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=1770.0,1800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that. I know I didn't make it up.\nThat's strange. On September 2, the day after Labor Day, we got off the boat and\nwere greeted by a social worker. I also remember a kind young man that was in\ncharge of me. He asked me what do I want. Anything I want, I can have it. All I\ncould think of was bubble ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=1800.0,1830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"gum. I'd never had any so he got me some bubble gum,\ntold me I was a cheap date. I had some anticipation when I got here. I was\nexpecting, truly expecting to see the streets paved in gold, which didn't\nhappen. I was expecting to see Franklin Delano Roosevelt come riding by on his\nwhite horse, which also didn't happen being ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=1830.0,1860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that he was a polio-stricken man who\nwas in a wheelchair most of the time. But these are the pictures that we had.\nThese are some of the expectations that we had, but it wasn't such a big deal\nthat it was so disappointing. By the time I got ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=1860.0,1890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"here, my two brothers had\nalready found a place to live. They were living in Atlanta, Georgia so the three\nof us came down to Atlanta. I went to live . . .\n\nLEAVEY: Do you want to talk a little bit about how that happened? You came into\nNew York. Did you know where you were going? Did they know where they were going?\n\nHIRSCH: I had no idea where I was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=1890.0,1920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"going. I'll go back. When my two brothers came\nhere in June of 1941, they were sent to Chicago, which was then the sort of\ngathering and disposition area of all of the kids that came. I realized now that\nmaybe why . . . that's something I learned at the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=1920.0,1950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"conference . . . there was\nthis group of 50 some odd kids that were brought in the 1930's. I think it was\n1934 and I think that was the group in Chicago, so maybe that's why they felt\nthat was the area to go to. They went to Chicago and while they were trying to\nfigure out where to go to, they were trying to find out where are there any\nrelatives. I'm assuming they must have known that everybody had some relatives\nsomewhere and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=1950.0,1980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they were trying to find that. They found a book in my brother\nAsher's belongings that my mother had given him. We had an uncle Eli Auerbach in\nCalifornia, around San Francisco I think it was. He was told that the two boys\nwere there and asked to take them in. He declined saying that he ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=1980.0,2010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"knew his\nbrother-in-law and knew that his brother-in-law would want them to be in a\nreligious home and that he was not religious. He felt it wouldn't be the right\nthing to do. Plus the fact that he had just gotten there himself not that long\nbefore. He was trying to put his life together. He felt it was a little much. He\nsent a tefillin to my brother Asher for his bar mitzvah. Suggested that they try\nRome, Georgia ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=2010.0,2040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where there was a cousin. Selig Auerbach, who was my mother's\nfirst cousin, was the rabbi there in a very small synagogue in Rome, Georgia.\nThey contacted him and he said that he couldn't, with his very meager salary and\nalso his very small quarters. He lived in a very small place and his wife was\nexpecting a baby. He couldn't take the two boys in, but he suggested that they\nget in touch with ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=2040.0,2070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Federation in Atlanta, Georgia and that if they would take\nthe boys in, he would then try to become a mentor and try to come visit as often\nas possible and so on. So that's what happened. In going through the files, I\nnoticed too that while we were on the ocean coming to the United States, a\nletter came from the German ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=2070.0,2100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish . . . it was the organization to take care of\nGerman Jewish refugees that came to the United States. I can't remember the\nexact name of the organization, but they wrote to Mrs. Weil here in Atlanta.\nThey said, \"There are three more Hirsch kids on the ocean coming right now.\nWould you consider letting them come to Atlanta so the five children can be at\nleast in the same city?\" ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=2100.0,2130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They agreed and that's how I came to Atlanta, Georgia.\nBy the time we got here, all the things had been set up. They already had a\nhome. My sisters went to stay with a family named Willoughby and my brothers\nAsher and Jack were staying with the Bergmans on Atlanta Avenue on the south\nside of town. I went to stay with ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=2130.0,2160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"them and we stayed there for about a year or\nso. It was quite a bit of adjustment going on. Jack and Asher having been there\nthree months had learned the language fairly well. When Jack was put into James\nL. Key Elementary School in the fall, they quickly jumped him up to the sixth\ngrade, which was about a year, year and a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=2160.0,2190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"half above where he normally should be\nby age. Apparently the system of education that we had in France did a good job\non us in the area of math and basic knowledges like that. My math was good too\nbut I couldn't speak the language. They put me first in low third grade and then\nthey realized that language was too much of a problem. There was a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=2190.0,2220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"teacher in\nthe fourth grade that spoke French so they put me in her class until I could\ndevelop into speaking with them.\n\nLEAVEY: Talk about what it was like for you. You were nine?\n\nHIRSCH: I was nine, yes. I turned nine in September.\n\nLEAVEY: What was it like being in a new home, being in a new school, being in a\nnew ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=2220.0,2250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"country?\n\nHIRSCH: I already learned a little bit about learning how to adapt, how to fit\nin, in some cases and also tried to fit into the background in other cases, and\nnot to be too obtrusive. It was interesting. When I first came to school for\ninstance, I noticed that some of the upper grade ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=2250.0,2280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"girls, the girls in the sixth\ngrade--really old people--they kind of took me on as a pet. I was small. I've\ngot six-year-old grandkids that are bigger than I was when I was nine. I was a\nperfect pet. I liked it. I liked having that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=2280.0,2310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"attention and I liked . . . I\nautomatically fell in love with two of the girls right away. I always feel like\nI had somebody that I had to have some feeling for because I think it was kind\nof like this missing the parental love that you have. The biggest problem that I\nhad in school really was that I never ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=2310.0,2340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"learned to subjugate my feelings. When I\nthink that I know something, when I think that I'm right, and somebody tells me\n. . . if I see something that's blue and somebody tells me it's green, I'm not\ngoing to say \"Well, okay.\" I'm going to say \"Hell, no. That's blue! I know it's\nblue.\" That doesn't always work. One of the things . . . when I came here, I was\nalways wearing a kippah ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=2340.0,2370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because that's the way I was brought up. That part had\nnot been taken away from me when I was in France. I wore a kippah to James\nElementary School. I didn't see it as a problem and I never felt self-conscious\nabout it at all, but one of the Jewish teachers who was a third grade teacher\ncame to speak to her. By this time, I already could understand enough English ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=2370.0,2400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to\nsee what was going on. I picked it up rather quickly. She told me that I was\ncausing great embarrassment to her as a Jew who's a teacher in the school, to\nthe other Jewish teachers in the school, and to the other Jewish kids in the\nschool by my wearing this kippah. I listened. I said, \"Tell me more. Explain to\nme why you're embarrassed.\" She really couldn't ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=2400.0,2430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"satisfy me. I would have . . .\nthe way that my mind worked, had she been able to explain to me and prove to me\nthat what I was doing was wrong, I would have taken the kippah off. I would have\nput it in my pocket and that would have been it. She couldn't. Her reasoning was\nflawed even to a nine year old. So I said \"Well, okay, I'll give it some\nthought,\" and knew darn well I wasn't going to take it ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=2430.0,2460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"off because this is me\nand this is what I'm going to do until I learn that I shouldn't be doing it. She\nhad this kid in her class--this is in the days when if you were failing, you\nfailed, you stayed behind. We've never heard of this before--I know it--but they\nused to have those things! There was this kid in her class in third class who\nwas actually supposed to be in sixth grade. He was a school tough . . . he was\nthe ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=2460.0,2490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"bully. She kind of hinted to him that what he should do is grab my kippah\nand run and keep it from me. So I'm on a swing one day, just minding my business\nand this guy . . . as soon as I go near this guy, he just grabs my kippah and\nstarts running. I felt very violated. I jumped off the swing and I chased him\ndown and started beating on him like there was no tomorrow, after ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=2490.0,2520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"all he was in\nthe third grade, I was in the fourth grade, so he's a little guy. Of course, he\nwas twice my size but that didn't seem to matter. I got my kippah back and the\nteachers pulled us apart. I thought that was the end of that. That was when I\nwas still living with the Bergmans. When I started living with the Hirshbergs,\nwhich was sometime in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=2520.0,2550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"1942, my sister Flo was living with me at that time and so\nwas my brother Asher. I went out one day to mail a letter for Flo and low and\nbehold, there's this gang of kids there and, of course, this guy is the leader\nof the gang. They'd been waiting all this time to get even. It was many months.\nIt had probably been about eight or nine months. They got even . . . They just\ntook turns and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=2550.0,2580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they just kind of pummeled me with everything they could. Thank\nG-d they didn't take the letter and tear it up. I didn't get to mail the letter.\nI came back and I was all bloody. My brother and sister came running out and\nit's too late--they were all gone. They were going to protect me. I learned a\nbig lesson about that: don't fool with the guy who's got a gang. Don't do that.\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=2580.0,2610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was shortly after that that I quit wearing the kippah on my own because I\nstarted to feel that I was different from everybody else. I didn't really want\nto be different from everybody else. My reason for wearing it was because that's\nthe way I was brought up and I didn't have any other reason than that. It wasn't\nstrong enough to keep me separate because I had a strong desire to try and to\nfit in as much as ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=2610.0,2640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"possible into the society that I was in. I've worked at it.\nPeople tell me that I have a Southern accent sometimes. I've worked at\nthat--tried to develop the Southern accent--because I wanted to be one of the\npeople, one of the guys, one of the boys. Anyway, living with the Hirshbergs had\nsome interesting things too because ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=2640.0,2670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Mr. Hirshberg was from Russia I believe. He\nhad his own experiences as a child, about playing with the goyem and so on and\nnot playing with the goyem. Some of my friends at James L. Key were not Jewish.\nI gravitated to the people that I had things in common with one way or another.\nIf somebody likes me, that's the first thing in common that they have that I can\nagree with. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=2670.0,2700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I tend to like somebody who likes me. I brought home Dickie\nBradshaw, who is about as goysha looking guy as you're going to find--white\nblond hair and very much goysha features. Mr. Hirshberg would get really upset.\nHe'd tell me . . . \"I don't want these goyem in my house.\" I had to learn to\nlive with that. It was kind of interesting for ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=2700.0,2730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"me. Here we're used to being the\nones that are discriminated against if you will, and now we're doing the same\nthing with other people. In a way, I can understand sort of what was going on\nwith him. It wasn't a religious thing with him because he wasn't particularly\nreligious. He just did not want me to bring any non-Jewish friends . . . he\ndidn't want me to have non-Jewish friends. He couldn't control that, but what he\ncould ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=2730.0,2760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"control was his house so I couldn't bring the non-Jewish friends there. I\nliked Mrs. Hirshberg. She was the only foster mother that I had that did not\ninsist on that I should call her \"mother,\" or \"mom,\" or anything like that.\nTherefore, I started calling her \"Momma.\" The other ones that wanted me to do\nthat, I couldn't do it. I couldn't possibly do it. She ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=2760.0,2790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was very much a \"mamma\"\ntype. She was a heavyset woman and just very warm. I look back at the records\nnow at the grief that I caused her when I was living with her and I feel bad\nabout it because I was a pretty unruly kid. I don't have any memories of causing\nher any angst but apparently I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=2790.0,2820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"did.\n\nLEAVEY: What did you know about your parents at this point?\n\nHIRSCH: At this point, the last letter that I received from my mother I think\nwas in August of 1942. Beyond that point, we didn't hear anything. I stayed with\nthe Hirshbergs ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=2820.0,2850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"until the summer of 1944. I did not know really anything about\nthat. It was when I was staying with them when Donald Kessler taught me how to\nsmoke, when I had burned up a half a block on Atlanta Avenue. Thank G-d it\ndidn't have any houses on it because we ran out of cigarettes and we still had a\nlot of matches left in the box. We started lighting them and throwing ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=2850.0,2880.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"them and\nthe weeds took hold. Called the fire department and said, \"We saw some kids\nplaying with matches. They went that way.\" I think the firemen knew that we did\nthat but they didn't punish us for it. There was some interesting happenings\nduring that time, to the point that when Mrs. Hirshberg did need an operation\nand she didn't think she would be able to take ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=2880.0,2910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"care of me after the operation.\nThey considered sending me to military school and I have copies of letters from\ntwo military schools that they wanted to get me in. Interestingly enough, I\ndidn't qualify because I was an alien. I had German citizenship and therefore I\ncould ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=2910.0,2940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not go into a military school, thank G-d! I went across town to live with\nthe Ungers. This is my first dealing with anything away from the south side of\nAtlanta. The closest I'd ever been to the north side was the Hebrew Orphans\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=2940.0,2970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Home--The Jewish Children's Service--every now and then would have things for\nthe orphans they had placed in foster homes. One Shabbat, they had this thing at\nthe Fox. We could all go see a movie there, but it was on Shabbat so it was a\nmajor problem. My brother Asher figured out what we could do. They could leave\nthe tickets waiting for us at the ticket ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=2970.0,3000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"kiosk and we would walk. Jack and I\nwalked from Atlanta Avenue to the Fox, which is a nice walk, but we did that. We\ngot there just a little bit after the buses with the other guys got there\nbecause they passed us and waved at us. We went to see that movie with them. The\nFox was as far north as I had ever been before I moved to the Unger's. The\nUngers lived near Emory ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=3000.0,3030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"University. That was a totally different world. I would\nbe around Washington Street, Capitol Avenue. That was very urban. Emory\nUniversity area is very suburban. I'd never, ever experienced anything like\nthat. It had a nice, quiet feeling to it, which can drive you nuts if you've got\na lot of energy and you want to do things. It can sometimes seem very ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=3030.0,3060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"boring.\nThere were some major issues. They were nice people. They had two sons, Pat--who\nI adored; he was a very bright, quiet fellow who was just a nice person--and\nthey had another guy, Joe, who was just a little bit younger than me--also very\nbright and very precocious and very competitive, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=3060.0,3090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"extremely competitive. Because\nI was equally precocious and equally bright on some of the things that he would\nlike to compete with, he loved competing with me except that he hated to lose.\nThat would happen occasionally. That caused some major problems. He'd have\ntantrums and blame me for things that didn't happen. He'd run to his mother to\nget me punished and this happened on and on and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=3090.0,3120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on and on. It was a pretty\ngrueling summer. I was going to have to go to North Druid Hills Junior High\nSchool. The biggest issue really was Shabbat. In the summertime--they belonged\nto the Mayfair Club--their Saturday was going swimming at the Mayfair Club. It's\na Jewish club, it's a Jewish things to do on Shabbat. I didn't have a problem\nswimming on ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=3120.0,3150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Shabbat. My biggest problem was getting there. They would drive to\nget there and I didn't drive on Shabbat. I didn't ride on Shabbat. This became a\nmajor issue. I asked them, \"Could I not just stay home?'' They didn't want to\nleave me home alone. I even suggested maybe I should walk. They didn't like that\nidea either. Eventually, they forced me to get in the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=3150.0,3180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"car and to go with them\nand that was a big ticher for me. That was a major thing for me. It really\nbothered me tremendously. What bothers me more in retrospect is that after about\nthree or four weeks of that, I was used to it already. I enjoyed going swimming\nthere on Saturday. How quickly we forget. Here I had these ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=3180.0,3210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"strong ties to my\nreligious feelings, yet I was able to be dissuaded rather quickly and that\nbothered me as well. The thing that ended up being the straw that broke the\ncamel's back was just more and more of Joe. It just got me once too often and I\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=3210.0,3240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"unleashed with all of the words that I learned on the south side in one big\ntirade. I think the hair went up on Mrs. Unger's head. She'd never heard words\nlike that--either that or she made like she'd never heard them before. Anyway, I\nstormed out of the house. I said, \"I'm going.\" I decided I was going to walk to\nthe south side and spend--this was Friday--I was going to spend Shabbat with\nMisha Epstein because I knew I could always go ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=3240.0,3270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there. I started walking. They\nhad a little dog. I loved that dog and the dog loved me. The dog started\nfollowing me. I noticed that when we got a few blocks away. I turned around and\nput the dog back. I said, \"Can't do that,\" and started walking again. The dog\nfollowed me again but this time I didn't catch on because the dog was smart. He\nstayed about a block or two behind ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=3270.0,3300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"me so I wouldn't I see it. Finally when I got\nto Ponce de Leon, I saw the dog. She was right behind me. I got to Gold's\nDelicatessen on Ponce de Leon near Parkway Drive and there was a message there\nbecause they know me at Gold's. All of my siblings had worked there at one time\nor another. Jake Gold came out and said, \"There was a message from Mrs. Unger.\nYou have the dog. You have to bring it back. It's your responsibility or they'll\nput ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=3300.0,3330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you in jail.\" I said, \"That's nice!\" I walked back and I locked the dog up,\nmade sure that she couldn't follow me, and then started walking again; walked\nall the way. Before dark, I got to Misha's house. That kind of set the way for\nme moving away from the Unger's. At that point, I realized that it was not going\nto work. It was not a good match for them and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=3330.0,3360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I. They set me up in Mrs. Ida\nGunsher's house. My brother Asher was staying there. She had a lot of experience\nin keeping youngsters. She had several boys who had come from Europe and she had\nsome other boys that were just orphans from the United States that she had\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=3360.0,3390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"taken. Her husband, Saul, had passed away some years back and so this is what\nshe was doing. She was doing a very good job at it. I stayed there. First, it\nwas going to be temporary. Eventually, my brother Asher moved to New York. He\nwas going to go to the Yeshiva. There were some people who were interested in\nhis developing ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=3390.0,3420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"his Jewish knowledge and his abilities in that area so somebody\npaid his way to go to New York. I stayed with Mrs. Gunsher through junior high\nschool and mostly through high school. During . . . the one thing probably that\nI didn't mention at all--other than ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=3420.0,3450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the time that this guy's gang beat me\nup--was that I was pretty much a target. I guess after that fight I had with\nthat boy because I was so small, and I was wiry, and apparently I wasn't afraid\nof a fight. I was selected out by many people who wanted to try their abilities\nwith ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=3450.0,3480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"me, I guess is the best way to put it. In many cases, it was because I was\nJewish; in many cases because I was a foreigner. In many cases, because I was a\nJew foreigner. I had fights a whole lot even before I graduated James F. Key\nElementary School. Mrs. Brown--my sixth grade ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=3480.0,3510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"teacher, who was in charge of the\npatrol boys came to me and said, \"Ben, your grades are good. Your behavior is\nfairly good, except that you fight a lot. I need patrol boys but I can't have\nboys that fight. So if you'll stay out of fights for one week, I'll make you a\npatrol boy.\" I said \"Mrs. Brown, it's not me. I haven't started a fight yet!\nThese are people that are coming to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=3510.0,3540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"me and if I don't fight back, are they going\nto beat me up?\" I never made patrol boy. It went on that way for many years. I\nused to go to cheder to Shearith Israel Hebrew School. After school and on my\nway back from school, I would ultimately get greeted by a group of boys from\nAtlanta Boys Club who wanted a piece of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=3540.0,3570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"me. I'd be walking with other Jewish\nboys and they would tell them, \"Step aside unless you want what he's getting.\"\nThey were smart. They stepped aside. The guys would just proceed to . . . they'd\nstart with . . . let the smallest guy, Joe Johnson, to come at me and start\nhitting me. He was a good boxer. Joe Johnson was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=3570.0,3600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"good. I used to start off with,\nthere actually were three guys that used to meet me more often after a while. It\nwas Joe Johnson and Grady and Billy Walker--all three of them. Grady and Billy\nWalker were Golden Gloves champs. Joe was a good boxer, but he ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=3600.0,3630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"wasn't a Golden\nGlove champ. He was smaller and more wiry than them. They would start off . . .\nthe first time that we met, Joe came up, and I know Joe. I mean, I was friendly\nwith Joe. That kind of thing is very weird. You know somebody, you-re friendly\nwith him, next thing you know, he wants to beat you up. I could see he was part\nof the gang mentality because he was with the other two guys. He came up to me,\nstarted pushing me, and said, \"It's gonna be you and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=3630.0,3660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"me.\" So I fought with him,\nand the mistake I made was that I started winning. That's bad, because when you\nstart winning, then the other two boys jump in. I learned after a while, that it\njust doesn't help to fight back. What I would do is I would just kind of stand\nthere and let them beat up on me as much as they wanted ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=3660.0,3690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to, and then fold my\narms kind of and say, \"Well, are you done?\" After a while, they get bored with\nit and they leave you alone. That's when I have time to release all the pain and\nstart crying because these guys really hurt me. I remember one day I came home\nto Mrs. Gunsher's house ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=3690.0,3720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"after one of those episodes. They had really done a good\njob on me. They had torn my clothes a little bit, got me all sullied up, and I\nwas a total mess and a little bit bloody. She happened to be talking to a social\nworker at the time that I came in. He wanted to know, he says, \"What's going on?\nWhat's happening?\" Normally that's the kind of a thing a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=3720.0,3750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"kid in their early\nteens like that would just say, \"That's okay. Nothing,\" I'd had enough. I said,\n\"I'm telling.\" I gave him names and addresses. The three of them--Joe Johnson,\nBilly Walker, and Grady Walker--were sent to reform school as a result of that.\nThen I thought to myself, \"In three years, I am dog meat, because when these\nboys get out, they're gonna kill ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=3750.0,3780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"me.\" When those boys got out, they were my best\nfriends. They saw me and they said, \"Aw, Ben!\" Put their arms around me. Never,\never anything more from these guys. Weird. Surely incredible. They must have\nliked reform school. Very, very strange. That didn't stop other people because I\nwas still getting, particularly in school- the word was out, if you're gonna ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=3780.0,3810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"be\na bully of any importance whatsoever, you gotta knock off Hirsch first. He's\nbottom rung of the ladder. After that you can work your way up. Several guys\nlike that that just . . . recess was two or three days a week . . . was fighting\ntime. Until I think I was about 16, and one of these guys--I'd already put him\ndown twice in the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=3810.0,3840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"yard. He stopped me in the hall and he said . . . he must have\nbeen working out or something. He was ready. \"Leave me alone! I gotta go to\nclass!\" He said, \"No . . . You're not going anywhere. You and I are gonna have\nit our right here.\" Just as he said that, this guy, Whitey Kugler, comes up. You\ngotta picture this guy, Whitey Kugler, 6 foot, 4 inches tall . . . really,\nblonde is not the right word . . . white crew ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=3840.0,3870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"cut. He was built like an Adonis.\nHe was a Golden Gloves champ, heavyweight. He was all state in football at Oak\nSmith and he was all-state basketball player at center for Oak Smith. Just all\naround great guy. He was a leader at the Atlanta Boys Club. He comes up there\nand . . . I didn't even know that Whitey knew me. He comes up, he stands\nin-between us, and he looks this boy in the face and he says, \"Now, I want you\nto pass the word ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=3870.0,3900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"around. Ben Hirsch--this guy right here--he's a friend of mine.\nAnybody that wants a piece of him has gotta come through me first. If you can\nbeat me up, go for it.\" That's the last fight I had, after all those years. This\nguy was incredible. He was up to play the part of Ozark Ike in a movie. . . .\nOzark Ike is a comic strip character and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=3900.0,3930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"kind of looked like Whitey. When he was\nkilled . . . He was a jet pilot. He was killed in a jet crash, I think back in\nthe 1950's. I remember crying. This guy was one special dude. Let's see, where\nwas ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=3930.0,3960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I?\n\nLEAVEY: Whitey Kuglaer.\n\nHIRSCH: Yes, Whitey Kugler, right. Think about Oak Smith, just growing up in\ngeneral. I was bar mitzvahed when I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=3960.0,3990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was staying with Mrs. Gunsher. My sister Flo\npaid for everything, which I didn't know about until later on. I remember she\ngave me a basketball for either my thirteenth or fourteenth birthday. I forget\nwhich. I dearly loved basketball. When I was living on Atlanta Avenue ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=3990.0,4020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with the\nHershbergs, there was a boy, Paul Moldai. He was living up the street from me.\nHe was kind of . . . he was four days older than me and a pretty popular guy,\nwell-to-do parents, and travelled around a lot. I kind of felt like he was my\nrepresentative to the rest of the world. He would come back and tell me where\nhe'd been and what he'd seen and stuff like that. He went over the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=4020.0,4050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ocean to the\nnorth side of town. What he learned there . . . he came back one day, he had\nlearned about basketball. He told me that, \"You . . . this is a sport that you\nwould love.\" He says, \"This is . . .\" Just because Paul said that to me, I\ndecided, \"Well, this is a game I have to love, because after all Paul knows me\nand knows . . .\" It's strange, but to this day I love basketball. I wonder if\nPaul had never said that to me if I ever would have liked the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=4050.0,4080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"game. I was\ndependent on him a great deal. I remember he had a pet. He had a dog. I think I\nloved his dog more than he loved his dog. When his dog was missing, he ran away,\nor he was stolen, whatever have you, I spent an inordinate amount of time trying\nto find the dog. It annoyed ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=4080.0,4110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"him. He said, \"It's my dog! Why are you looking for\nhim?\" I felt the need to do that. He had a victory garden. I didn't have a\nvictory garden. I spent a lot of time working on his victory garden, took a lot\nof pride on the stuff with him. I was kind of tagging along, trying to reap\nwhatever society had through him. He ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=4110.0,4140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was, for some early years there, he was . .\n. I don't know exactly what you'd call that, but . . . certainly 'benefactor' .\n. . Strangely enough, we both became architects. That was years . . . We were\nnot in touch for many, many years. I saw him on the side of the street one day.\nWe're talking about what we're ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=4140.0,4170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"doing. I'd already been in the service. He had\nbeen to the University of Florida. He was taking architecture and I was taking\narchitecture. We were doing the same thing, which was very strange.\n\nLEAVEY: Go back a little bit and talk a little bit about how you did in school\nand the jobs that you had while you were still in school, and also ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=4170.0,4200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"up to the\npoint where you and your brothers and sisters found out about your parents.\n\nHIRSCH: Yes . . . I actually I did well in school, generally. School was easy\nand I was extremely lazy. Anything that required taking home a lot of books and\nthings like that, I didn't do that well in. Anything that required being able to\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=4200.0,4230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"comprehend what was being taught in the class, I did extremely well in. Of\ncourse, in art as well. I learned states and capitals in fifth grade. I can\nstill do that today. It's amazing the things that you learn. My first job was .\n. . stuffing ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=4230.0,4260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"envelopes. No, long before then, when I was about ten . . . I was\nselling Liberty magazine door to door--something you don't want to do! The first\njob, I was stuffing envelopes for Citizen's Jewelers. It was a dollar a day. I\nthought . . .\n\nLEAVEY: Did you have to earn . . .\n\nHIRSCH: Spending money? When I could. I was getting ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=4260.0,4290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a quarter a week spending\nmoney. I remember one almost fight that I got into when I was in high school\nwith this boy, Jimmy Smith. He was complaining about . . . I forget how much he\nwas getting . . . some huge amount of allowance. I said, \"Boy, that's\nincredible!\" He said, \"How much do you get?\" I told him, \"I get a quarter a\nweek.\" He said he knew I was lying because I'm Jewish, and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=4290.0,4320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jews own the world,\nand how can a Jew get only a quarter a week? He was ready to beat me up about\nthat. Finally, I convinced him that I was telling the truth, and he wasn't that\ncombative, so we did okay. Whenever the idea was I need to learn . . . I was\nalways . . . it was kind of . . . ever since I got here, I know at some point I\nwas going to have to be self-supportive and I have to work ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=4320.0,4350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"toward that. I have\nto find jobs. I know that one of the first jobs I got--which was a real job, I\nguess you'd call it--was at Kenny's Shoe Store. I decided to get a lot . . .\nthere were a lot of guys who were selling shoes on weekends. That was the thing\nto do, but I was much smaller than everybody else was. So I went there and I\ndecided ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=4350.0,4380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not to talk to anybody but the manager. I was told that you don't talk\nto anybody but the manager. I go to Kenny's and nobody was there. I said, \"Who's\nyour manager?\" They said, \"Mr. Tatum.\" I said, \"Well, I want to see Mr. Tatum.\"\nThey said, \"What do you want?\" I said, \"No, this is private between Mr. Tatum\nand me.\" So the little twerp sat down there and I waited for him for an hour. He\nwas impressed that I waited for an hour. Then when he asked me what I wanted, I\nsaid, \"I want a job.\" After he quit laughing, he ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=4380.0,4410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"said, \"Doing what?\" I said,\n\"Well, selling shoes, stock boy . . . whatever you have for me, I'll do it.\" I\nsaid, \"Ultimately, I want to sell shoes here, but if I have to start somewhere\nelse, I'll do that.\" He says, \"I like you. I like your attitude.\" He says, \"Come\nin Friday and we'll start stocking. I'll start you in the stockroom.\" That's how\nI got my first job. The first Saturday that I was there . . . this is already\nwhen I was working on ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=4410.0,4440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Shabbat. Actually I started working on Shabbat when it,\nbecause of colors, football colors. Most of the guys that I went to Hebrew\nSchool with were selling colors at football games on Saturday, and they would\nmake anywhere from three to six dollars on a Saturday. That's a lot of money at\nthat time. I was very envious of that . . . because there were guys I played\npoker with and they all had more money than I did. Eventually . . . I started\nselling colors on ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=4440.0,4470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Shabbat. I remember Rabbi Freidman, who was assistant rabbi at\nShearith Israel, asked me how much I could make selling colors on Saturday. I\nsaid, \"I can make as much as six dollars.\" He says, \"I'll give you six dollars\nto wash my car on Sunday.\" Yes, pretty impressive, but I didn't do it. First of\nall, I knew that was about ten times the going ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=4470.0,4500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"rate, and I didn't want to take\nit from him. I didn't think it was right. I was ready. I wanted to be like\neverybody else. I didn't want to be the only boy that didn't work on Saturday\nand I was. So that changed. But the first Saturday that I was at Kenny's, they\ngot busy. They got real busy and they needed somebody else on the floor. He goes\ninto the stockroom and he says, \"Can you go out there and help sell?\" I said,\n\"Well, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=4500.0,4530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"yeah!\" I went out there and I was one of the top salesmen that day\nbecause everybody wanted that little kid! They said, \"I'll wait for the little\nkid.\" That was the start of my shoe-selling career, which lasted quite a long\ntime. I worked at the various shoe stores. I know that they had a deal going,\nthe shoe stores were one after the other one. There was Kenny's, there was\nBurt's, there was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=4530.0,4560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Baker's, and so on like that. Then you would go several blocks\nup to Chandler's and Davidson's and so on. One day, Tatum comes up to me and he\nsays, \"We're running out of space. I'm getting a shipment of shoes in. I need a\nwall stretcher. Would you go over to Burt's and get me a wall stretcher?\" I walk\nover to Burt's and ask them for a wall stretcher. They snickered a little bit\nand they said, \"No, no, we lend ours to Baker's.\" ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=4560.0,4590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I went over to Baker's, I went\nover to Beck's, and finally, when I got to Chandler's, the guy said, \"They're\npulling your leg, man.\" That's getting initiated into the shoe business. That\nwas fun. I worked at Ultimate Brothers Wholesale ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=4590.0,4620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Grocers. There were many . . .\nduring all these different times, I was in different ways of trying to make\nmoney, I remember going to the Garment District, which is now Fulton and\nIndustrial Boulevard, but at that time was on Pryor Street. I went to this one\nman, Mr. Klein. I'd heard that he was looking for help, looking for somebody who\ncould build, work his way into the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=4620.0,4650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"business. He wanted a young boy who could get\nin there and learn that. He had a son who . . . I don't know exactly what it\nwas, maybe autistic . . . but it affected his speech and it affected his\neye-hand coordination. He was very bright. Harold was very, very bright, but he\nwould not be able to do the kind of work his father needed ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=4650.0,4680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"done. I went to see\nhim and I spoke with him. He was very impressed with me and he said I should\ncome back the next day. He was gonna hire me. He went home that night and he\nspoke with Howard about it. Howard basically told him, he said, \"You don't want\nto hire south side serf. And he's a German refugee to boot.\" I came back the\nnext day and told me that I didn't have the job. Boy, I really felt bad about\nthat. That ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=4680.0,4710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was a terrible thing.\n\nLEAVEY: Can you talk a little bit about how, during those couple of years when\nthe news started coming to America about what was happening in Germany . . .\nwhat you thought about it and what conversations you might have had with your\nbrothers and sisters about the inevitable news that your parents and your\nyounger brother and sister had been murdered?\n\nHIRSCH: Right. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=4710.0,4740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"While the war was going on . . . whenever you went to the\ntheatre, went to the movies, there were newsreels. I got all my information from\nthe newsreels. Seeing the newsreels, I also got this strong feeling that I just\ncan't wait till I get a chance to go over there and do my part to fight. I was\nreally very much looking forward to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=4740.0,4770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that. My brothers and sisters and I never\ntalked about our parents. They may have talked about it, but they never talked\nto me about it. The last letter we got in 1942. After that, we just never said\nanything. We all had our own trepidations. I started putting in my books, \"This\nbook is not an orphan, even though I am. Don't steal it,\" so I must have felt\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=4770.0,4800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"something. Right after the war was over . . . at first when the war was over it\naffected me greatly in that I felt like I was cheated. Everybody was cheating\nand everybody was so happy, and I was pretty blue. I felt like my chance had\ngone, that I wasn't I gonna get a chance to go over there and do anything. Then\nmy brother, Asher, was called up to the army. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=4800.0,4830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Because he still was able to speak\nGerman, he was sent to Germany to help in the interrogations. While he was\nthere, he started looking around to see what happened to our parents. He checked\nwith the International Red Cross and all the sources he could get. Eventually he\nfound out that what happened to . . . He actually . . . to have him tell the\nstory is really heartbreaking for him. It's ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=4830.0,4860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"heartbreaking for to listen to him.\nHe actually thought he had tracked my mother down. People said, \"Why don't you\ngo to this place or that place?'' He had gone to our house and there was a\nGerman caretaker who was not living there. Somebody was in charge of the people\nwho were renting in that house right there, but somebody was put in charge of\nthat. Then this person is the one who sent him to some place ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=4860.0,4890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"outside of\nFrankfurt where we thought my mother was and so on. Eventually he found out from\nmy Uncle Phillip that he saw Mom, and Werner, and Roseline going to the gas\nchambers sometime in 1943. From the Red Cross he found out that our father was .\n. . erroneously . . . the date they had right. They said that he was killed\nNovember 5, I 942, but they said he was killed in Sachsenhausen, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=4890.0,4920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Oranienberg. I\nfound out years later that actually he was . . . Sachsenhausen was evacuated\nfrom Jews, with the exception of a handful of people whose names were all on a\nlist. My father name was not on that list. In October of 1942, they were sent to\nAuschwitz-Birkenau. He died in November . . . was killed in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=4920.0,4950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Auschwitz-Birkenau.\nWhen Asher found the information, he called Rabbi Friedman and asked him to get\nus all together and to tell us, and that's what happened. Rabbi Friedman\ngathered the four of us who were in Atlanta and sat us down. We had an inkling\nthat this was what it was going to be about. He told us about what happened to\nMom, and Dad, and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=4950.0,4980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Werner, and Roseline. Right at that time, I started to sit\nShiva. It wasn't really Shiva. I was going to the synagogue for mincha and\nmaariv and then I was sitting at home, not having any company but just sort of\nlike being in mourning, if you will. I never accepted that Werner and Roseline\nwere dead, because it just . . . it's easy enough to understand ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=4980.0,5010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that adults can\nget killed, but my mind just wouldn't work that way. It just . . . I remembered\nthem as six and eighteen month old children . . . very beautiful. I just . . .\nthere was no way to imagine that anybody would kill a baby. That just didn't\nmake any sense. I've learned a lot since then, but that just didn't make any\nsense at that time. I kept that with me until I finally ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=5010.0,5040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"volunteered for the\ndraft in the army and then made that a goal of mine--to get sent to Germany so I\ncould find them, which also ended up a disappointment. It was an interesting\nfeeling: finally finding out that you were in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=5040.0,5070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"fact orphaned, that your mom and\ndad are dead, that you don't have any parents. I tried to compensate in some\nstrange ways. I would tell myself, and sometimes tell my friends, that I was\nluckier than they were because they're going to have to live through their\nparents dying and I'd already passed that. I got myself to believe ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=5070.0,5100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it. I got\nmyself to believe that . . . that I was one of the fortunate few. The really\nweird thing is that, back in 1991, I attended the first Hidden Child Conference.\nSat in a session with a lot of other people my age who had been children during\nthe Holocaust, who had been hidden with a family somewhere by their ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=5100.0,5130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"parents.\nLater their parents came back, and their life, they felt, was very traumatic\nbecause of the things that their parents had gone through, and that how they\nrelated to each other. I left that meeting where everybody was telling me that I\nwas the lucky one because I didn't have to go through that. That still blows me\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=5130.0,5160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"away, but it's . . . Growing up in Atlanta--growing up anywhere, I imagine--but\nin the situation that I was in, at first not knowing what the situation was with\nmy family, if I were going to get together . . . But never really having a\nnurturing parent, somebody that you knew you could rely on, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=5160.0,5190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not just to\ndiscipline you but to also hear what your fears are and live through your trials\n. . . pretty ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=5190.0,5220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"tough . . . Looking back on my approach to my religion, I remember\nthat looking at letters from my father in particular, he pleaded with us to\nremain true to the faith and to be diligent ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=5220.0,5250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in observing and so on. Those\nletters never came to me. I never saw them until many years later. My brother\nAsher, who is obviously the most religious of our family, took them very, very\nseriously. He also tried to get my brother, Jack, and myself to follow suit.\nThere was a lot of pressure. He kind of gave up on Jack fairly early on in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=5250.0,5280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"life.\nHe was with Jack in France. I was not with any of my siblings in France. So I\nwas the project, if you will. When Asher left to go to New York, to go to the\nYeshiva, one of his first goals was to find a way to get me there as well. I\nremember when I was bar mitzvahed, I was approached by someone ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=5280.0,5310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"afterward to go\nto cantorial school in New York. They said I had a fantastic voice. All this\ntime, in my vanity, I believed all that bullshit. It turns out later on, these\nwere people, they were friends of my brother, Asher, who, like they sent him to\ngo to Yeshiva, they wanted to send me to go to Yeshiva. I still like to think I\nhad a fairly nice ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=5310.0,5340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"voice, but I wasn't being scouted for Hollywood, that's for\nsure. I chose not to go. I remember responding to them that I was quite\nflattered, but that I'd been moving around so much, that I'd been trying to find\na niche, a place where I could feel like I belonged, and Atlanta was beginning\nto be that place, and I just did not want to pick up and move again. I didn't\ngo. Of course, the results ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=5340.0,5370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were, in a way, what my brother had feared. That is\nthat the environment around me was such that very few people observed Shabbat.\nNo one my age observed Shabbat. Very few people observed the laws of Kashrut, at\nleast outside of the house. It wasn't too long . . . I'm trying to remember when\nit ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=5370.0,5400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was . . . most of my friends were selling colors at football games on\nSaturdays. I became very envious of that because they would make anywhere up\nfrom three to six dollars a Saturday, which was a hell of money. Of course, this\nwould show up when we were in the poker games and they had more money to throw\naround than I did. After a while, I decided that I wanted to do that as ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=5400.0,5430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"well. I\nremember that Rabbi Hyman Friedman, who was assistant rabbi at Shearith Israel,\nwho was in charge of the youth, was very interested in me. When he found out\nthat I was going to be selling colors at a football game on Saturday, he came up\nto me and asked me how much I could make during that. I told him I could make as\nmuch as six dollars. He offered to have me wash his car on Sunday for six\ndollars, which was outrageous. That's ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=5430.0,5460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"like asking somebody to wash their car for\n50 dollars now, maybe for 100 dollars. Six dollars in the late 1940's was a lot\nof money. I, number one, felt guilty about taking his money like that because he\ncertainly wasn't made of gold, and number two, I really wanted to do it. I\nreally wanted to be like everybody else. That was sort of like a beginning, you\nmight say, because after ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=5460.0,5490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that--after selling colors--I started taking jobs on\nSaturday. Many more jobs were available that way. I would switch from job to\njob. Almost every job really relied on being available on Saturday. By the time\nthat I was already out of high school and at Georgia Tech, I even began to\nslacken on my dietary laws as ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=5490.0,5520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"well. I remember even ordering a ham sandwich one\ntime at Georgia Tech Commissary and I looked around and nothing happened. So I\nordered another one! No, not really. That's really what led up to the change\nthat went on when I was in the army. Before I went to the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=5520.0,5550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"army, my education . .\n. when I got out of Oak Smith High School . . . I really wasn't sure what I\nwanted to do with my life. I know most, many of my friends said they envied me\nbecause I had talent. They knew that I was going to be a commercial artist. That\nwas a foregone conclusion for them. It was for them, but it wasn't for me,\nbecause actually, I wanted to be a cartoonist. That's what I enjoyed doing more\nthan anything ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=5550.0,5580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/187","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"else. Anyway, for the lack of not knowing where to go and also for\nnot having the resources of places where I could go, I went to the Atlanta\nDivision of the University of Georgia and majored in art. While there, I got\ninto the art program. Looking back at it, it was a very sophisticated art\nprogram, but I wasn't very sophisticated. My idea of art was replicating the . .\n. just trying ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=5580.0,5610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/188","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to make something look the way it is. In the labs, I saw this one\nguy who sort of became my mentor. He had this about ten foot long piece of\nglass, and he was taking cans of paint, and just pouring them on there like\nthat. He would take a cigarette and dip his ashes along the place like that. It\nwas . . . I looked at that. I said, \"What the hell is he doing?\" I thought it\nwas the weirdest thing in the world. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=5610.0,5640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/189","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Later on he showed me some of the things\nthat he could do in a realistic fashion or in a more realistic fashion. He was\nfantastic. He was a great artist. I think he and I agreed that this was . . . I\nwasn't ready for this. I had to learn a whole lot more about art, about the\nhistory of art, because I really didn't know that much about it. Basically, I\nwas disillusioned because the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=5640.0,5670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/190","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"school and art courses turned out to be easier\nthan high school and my high school was a pretty easy high school. I dropped out\nfor a year and I went to work full time at Ultimate Brothers Wholesale Grocer\nWarehouse. That year taught me a very important lesson: I did not want to work\nin a warehouse for the rest of my life. So I decided, \"What do I want to do\nnow?\" Most of the guys that I grew up with, my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=5670.0,5700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"DSR friends, were either at the\nAtlanta Division of University of Georgia or they were at University of Georgia\nin Athens. Some went to Alabama. Most of them were in university around there.\nOne of my friends was at Georgia Tech, Abe Israel. He wanted somebody else to go\nthere. He started conning me into going to Georgia Tech. He said, \"Tech is\nperfect for you.\" He says, \"You're great at ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=5700.0,5730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"math and you're an artist, and you\ncombine math and art, you get architecture.\" I said, \"What's architecture?\" I\nstarted looking it up, and I said, \"This looks interesting.\" He has vague\nmemories of that, but I remember it very well because that's what influenced me\nto think about architecture. I signed up to go to Georgia Tech. I didn't have\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=5730.0,5760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/193","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the qualifications as far as courses were concerned. I needed a physics course,\nwhich I never took in high school. So I took physics at night and I absolutely\nloved it. That's really what sold me on Georgia Tech, because I realized, \"I\nreally liked this stuff. This is great!\" I went to Tech and I worked full time.\nI took 21 hours, which was the maximum that you could take if you were in the\ntop ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=5760.0,5790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/194","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"10 percent of your class. I still virtually made the Dean's List every time.\nI made honor society for the School of Architecture. I was doing quite well, but\nthen . . . from quarter to quarter, the courses started becoming harder. I began\nto realize that, \"Hey, I'm not gonna be able to do this for a long time. I'm not\ngonna be able to work fulltime to support myself and go to school and do ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=5790.0,5820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"well.\"\nI got to thinking about what I was going to do with myself. I remembered that\nthere still was a GI Bill. The Korean War was going on and there was still the\nGI Bill. I decided, \"Well, maybe what I ought to do is think in terms of\nvolunteering for the draft.\" I was exempt from the draft because I was in the\ntop 10 percent of my class. I thought, and I remembered that I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=5820.0,5850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/196","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"really wanted to\ngo to Europe and try to find my brother and sister. That was another draw to\ndoing that. By the time that I was in summer school for my second year--my\nsophomore year--I realized that I wasn't that sure that architecture was what I\nwanted to do, because most of the guys in there and I were not really of the\nsame ilk. Everybody hated math. I loved math. \"What am I doing here? ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=5850.0,5880.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Maybe I'm\nthe one that's wrong, and these guys are right and I'm wrong.\" There were a lot\nof factors. I went on ahead and I volunteered for the draft. I went to the draft\nboard and said, \"Take away my exemption and take me.\" They gave me a choice, and\nthey picked a date, and I went. That was it. It was while I was in the army that\npeople started getting interested in me as a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=5880.0,5910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jew, which was really strange.\nDuring my basic training there was a sergeant there who was really one of the\nmost intelligent people I'd ever met, except that he was almost virtually\nilliterate. He couldn't pronounce my name to save his life because--think about\nit--it only has one vowel and all these consonants. He was trying to pronounce\nit phonetically from reading it, and he just couldn't do it. That was beside the\npoint. The thing was he knew that I was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=5910.0,5940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/199","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish and he knew that a Jew is\nsupposed to attend services on Friday night. He carne up to me one . . . we were\nhaving a GI Party. A GI Party is when everybody scrubs down the barracks on\nFriday night for Saturday inspection. He comes up to me, he says, \"Hirsch, put\non your Class A's and go to Chapel.\" I wasn't about to do that because I'm not\ngonna say, \"Hey, I'm a Jew. I'm getting out of the GI Party.\" ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=5940.0,5970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/200","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Uh-uh. That wasn't\ngonna work. He says, \"I'm ordering you. You're gonna go.\" He told everybody\nelse, he says, \"Hirsch does not want to go to Chapel, but I'm making him go to\nChapel, and don't you guys give him a hard time about it.\" So I went to Chapel,\ncame back and then started scrubbing to make sure that I did my part. It was\ninteresting that I didn't want to go, but he wanted . . . he made me go! It\nturns out I was only a Jew in the outfit. Later on, when I got to Camp ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=5970.0,6000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Chaffey\nand particularly when I got to Ft. Lewis, Washington, there were a lot of very\ndevout Christians who saw me as a goldmine of information. Why? There were other\nthere but they didn't seek them out. They sought me out. They wanted to know\nabout Judaism and . . . they had all these questions. I was good enough of a\nbullshit artist to fake anything, but I knew to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=6000.0,6030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"myself that I was not straight.\nI didn't know the answers, but I made like I knew the answers. They got me to\nthinking that, \"Something's wrong here. These guys are so interested in what my\nreligion's about and this is why my parents were killed--because they were Jews.\nMy brother and sister--if they're dead--were killed because they were Jews. Here\nI'm giving up Judaism and I don't even know what the hell it ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=6030.0,6060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is. This is . . . I\ndon't have the right to do that.\" So I made myself a promised that I was going\nto delve more into Judaism. While I was in the army I wasn't going to have all\nthat much opportunity to become a practicing Jew, but I could to some degree\nstart going to services. If I got to the point where I knew everything that . .\n. I knew what it was that I was giving up, then I would have the right to give\nit up. That was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=6060.0,6090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"my promise to myself. I started going to Chapel then, and these\nguys started going to Chapel with me because they wanted to hear me daven,\nbecause they heard that I was leading the service. What they didn't know was\nthat the people asked me to lead the service not because I had a great voice,\nbut because they wanted to hear a Jew with a Southern accent. They wanted Hebrew\nwith a Southern accent! So I led the services there, but that was a big turning\npoint in my life. A lot of things happened to me while I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=6090.0,6120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/205","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was in the army, and it\nwas one of those experiences that I've written a book about. This is not the\ntime to start telling army stories because I could keep you here for another 20\nhours. One of the most important things that happened to me really was my\nrealization that Judaism is something that is really quite important to me. Once\nI got out of the service, I started to pay much more attention to it. When I\nwent back to Georgia Tech, I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=6120.0,6150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/206","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"kept looking for an opportunity to start doing\nreligious buildings because, besides the many intellectual endeavors that I'm\ninterested in . . . Mathematics is one. History is another. I love history. I\nlove history of art, history of architecture as well. In history of architecture\nin particular, you see that the buildings that we talk about and that we ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=6150.0,6180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"study\nfrom ages past, are all religious structures. Those are the ones that are\nimportant. That's the mark of a civilization: how people celebrated their belief\nin their G-d in the form of a building. I was just looking for the opportunity\nto be able to do a church, or a synagogue, anything. I just wanted to do\nsomething. As luck would have it, I never, ever had a class in which our project\nwas to do a church or a synagogue. Everybody else ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=6180.0,6210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"did--the one class in front of\nme, the class behind me. Somehow I never got to it. By the time it was time to\ndo the thesis, I chose a synagogue. I went to P. M. Heffernan, who was then the\nhead of the school, and he said, \"Well, the only way you're gonna get to do a\nsynagogue for a thesis is you're gonna have to find a real client, because I\ncan't be your client. I can't advise you what to do. I don't know what a\nsynagogue's all about. So if you find a real ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=6210.0,6240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/209","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"client, find somebody who's looking\nto design a synagogue, then I'll let you do it.\" That's how I met Rabbi Emanuel\nFeldman. I asked my brother, Jack, if he knew anybody. He had a client who was\nthe vice president of Congregation Beth Jacob. He introduced me to Rabbi Emanuel\nFeldman because they were thinking about building a synagogue. That was my\nthesis. My thesis was designing a synagogue for Congregation Beth Jacob on the\nside of Briar Cliff Road, which ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=6240.0,6270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"now has condos on it. I remember I started\nworking on the building and I did my thesis research but there was no design in\nthat part, in that semester, that quarter. When I started designing, I realized\nthat the site is too small to do everything that they need on it and to get the\nparking that they needed on there. I called Rabbi Feldman and I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=6270.0,6300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"said, \"Don't buy\nthe property.\" I said, \"You'll never make it.\" I said, \"There's just not enough\nland to do what you need to do.\" He says, \"What are you gonna do? Are you gonna\ngive up your thesis?\" I said, \"No. No, I'm gonna fake it. But you guys can't\nfake it.\" I remember when I was presenting my thesis, I had six 30 inch by 40\ninch boards. The first board, of course, had a sight plan on ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=6300.0,6330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it, and I put in\nHebrew, 'Beit HaMikdash.' One of the professors, whom I knew before I went into\nthe army as \"Frank\" and when I came back he was \"Dr. Beckum\"--he wanted to be\ncalled that by everybody, but he was still Frank to me . . . he was a real\nbadass. He gave everybody a hard time. He looked at that and he says, \"Ben, how\ndo I know you're not calling me a son of a bitch right there?\" I looked at him,\nI said, \"Frank, you'll never ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=6330.0,6360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/213","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"know,\" and went on from there. That's when I\nstarted explaining to the jury, which Frank Beckum was part of, about my thesis.\nI said, \"You're gonna notice that I only have 20 cars parking here.\" I said,\n\"But there's a reason for this. This is an Orthodox synagogue, and on Saturday,\nand on holidays they all walk to the synagogue. You can bear this ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=6360.0,6390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"out with . . .\nanybody who's Orthodox can tell you this. And that's the reason we don't need\nanymore cars than that.\" And they bought it! I did real well. From that point\non, I wanted to design synagogues. I never was able to get . . . who's gonna\ngive a project like a synagogue to a young neophyte out of school ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=6390.0,6420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who doesn't\nhave an experience. What happened . . . I opened my office in 1962. I had to\nwork for three years for different architects in order to be able to pass my\nregistration. In 1964, I read in an article that there was a group of survivors\ncalled Eternal Life-Hemshech. They're survivors of the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=6420.0,6450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Holocaust. They were\ngonna build a Memorial to the Six Million. They were having a meeting across the\nstreet from the Atlanta Jewish Community Center and the public was invited. I\nsaid, \"I'm gonna go to this meeting.\" I went and I listened. They presented on\nan easel a 20-inch by 30-inch drawing, rendering that was done by Georgia Marble\nCompany. It was a white ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=6450.0,6480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/217","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"tombstone, about six feet long and about four feet high.\nIt had the number 'Six Million' on it and it had candelabra in white marble on\ntop of it with six candles. This was gonna be their thing. They were doing it on\na piece of property they bought at Greenwood Cemetery and it was gonna cost . .\n. 6,500 dollars. They had a vote and a little bit of a discussion. It passed\nunanimously and that was it. I waited till the meeting was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=6480.0,6510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/218","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"over and I went over\nto the people who were running the meeting. It was a Dr. Leon Rosen. He was an\nattorney. He was kind of the head of the group, you could tell. Then Mrs. Lansky\nwas there and a few other people. I introduced myself. I said, \"You don't know\nme. My name is Ben Hirsch. I'm a survivor as well--a child survivor. And I'm an\narchitect. And I would like the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=6510.0,6540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/219","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"opportunity to show you what I can do, because I\nthink that I can do something that is gonna be much more meaningful than a\ntombstone. It won't cost you a thing. I will not charge you a penny. Just allow\nme the chance to submit something to you.\" Most of them were poo poo-ing,\nsaying, \"No, no, it's already been approved. We don't want to do that.\" But Mrs.\nLansky and Dr. Rosen said, \"No, no, no, no, no. Let's give this guy a chance.\nLet's do it. Let's do ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=6540.0,6570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/220","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it.\" They turned to me, they said, \"Okay, you have two\nweeks. In two weeks we have to give an answer to Georgia Marble. Do we accept\nyour $6,500 offer or not? Now you've got to design this for us and it's got to\nbe within our budget.\" You hear all these kind of weird stories about people\ndreaming up designs, but then this. I'm not sure I dreamt it because I'm not\nsure I ever fell asleep. That night I was just lying in bed, thinking about it.\nAbout two or three in the morning, all of the sudden, I said, \"I got ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=6570.0,6600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/221","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it!\" I got\nup and I started sketching so I wouldn't forget what I was sketching. Then I\nwent back to sleep. Then the next morning I completed my sketches and I made a\nclay model of it. I called Dr. Rosen and Mrs. Lansky, and I said, \"I've got\nsomething to show you.\" What I showed them is virtually what you see there\ntoday, with just a few refinements of the memorial. They liked the idea. They\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=6600.0,6630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/222","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"said, \"What you need to do, though, is you need to help us raise money for it,\nbecause we think it's going to cost more than the 6,500 dollars.\" I said,\n\"Whatever you want me to do, I'll do.\" They wanted me to go see the various\nsurvivors with means, and then talk to them and sell them on the idea. I would\ntake the model with me and we would go from one house, from house to house. We\nsold the idea and we got Abe Besser, who was a survivor, to be the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=6630.0,6660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/223","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"builder. That\nwas an interesting dynamic because he kept wanting to change the design, and I\nwas steadfast and would not allow it to happen. He kept . . . when he told me\nthat, \"There's no way that we're going to be able to get people to build stone\ntwo-sided walls by the perch because they're gonna sell by the face foot, and\nthat's gonna be thousands upon thousands of dollars,\" I said, \"I'll find\nsomebody.\" And I did. I found somebody that I knew had done ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=6660.0,6690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/224","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"work on one of my\nprojects before. They built it by the perch. It's the last job they ever did by\nthe perch. Because it cost . . . they lost a lot of money on it, but it was done\nbeautifully. They built all the . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=6690.0,6720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/225","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"mock-ups that you build so that the wall\ncan be built with the right taper and everything. I set to that, which is what\nAbe did, to help them do it. It was schnorred. The poles I got from Sidney\nGolden, who's in the scrap metal business. I said, \"Just get us some light poles\nwithout stanchions.\" So we did. It was actually . . . it ended up being built\nfor 8,500 dollars. It won a national design award, which is . . . I'm ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=6720.0,6750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/226","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sure that\nno project that ever won a national design award was built that inexpensively.\nWhen I finished this project, I sat down . . . counting my laurels, if you will.\nI was so proud of what I'd done and felt so good about it. I sat back and I\nsaid, \"Well, what am I gonna do now? I'm 32 years old and I've achieved my\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=6750.0,6780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/227","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"life's goal. What now?\" That was quickly overridden by my brother, Jack. He had\nthe idea that now that we have this . . . he considered it a teaching tool--the\nmemorial. He decided that he was going to meet with the people in the community\nwho were in charge of it, of Jewish education, to help them in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=6780.0,6810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/228","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"teaching the\nHolocaust and to use this as a catalyst. Quite a few people met at Jack's house.\nThere was Hans Erman, who was head of the Atlanta Bureau of Jewish Education.\nThere was George Alterman, whom Jack used to live with and work for. Anybody\nthat had any interest at all in Jewish education was there. The ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=6810.0,6840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/229","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"heads of the\nvarious Sunday Schools and Hebrew Schools and something like that. We got to\ntalking about what is being taught to Jewish children in the Hebrew schools and\nthe Sunday Schools about the Holocaust. We found out, to our dismay, that the\nanswer was zilch, nadda, nothing. This was in 1965, toward the end of 1965. The\nmemorial was dedicated ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=6840.0,6870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/230","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in April of 1965 and this was a few months thereafter. I\nwas appalled. I turned to the head of the Bureau of Jewish Education, thinking\nhe would know the answer to this, \"Why? Why are you not teaching about the\nHolocaust?\" He said quite candidly, \"We feel that if we would start teaching\nsomething so gruesome, that it ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=6870.0,6900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/231","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"would turn the children off, and particularly\ntheir parents would get so upset with us for traumatizing their children that\nthey would take them out of their Hebrew Schools and their Sunday Schools.\nTherefore we can't do it.\" So then, we gotta go at that point. I had a new\nproject--to see that the Holocaust gets taught, first ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=6900.0,6930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/232","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the Jewish schools, and\nto think, of course, about teaching it in the other schools as well. I did talk\nto the ADL, and they started having things available to the public schools,\nwhere you could go to speak to various students, but they had to find teachers\nwho were in the right mindset to try and even ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=6930.0,6960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/233","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"broach the topic. At 1965--we're\ntalking about 20 years after the Holocaust--there's still, at that point, were\nvery few survivors who would talk, who would go and talk to a school. Lola\nLansky was one, Isaac Goodfriend was another, and I was the other. We were the\nonly three who would even be available to speak to a school. Everybody else\nwould just not want to talk about it. This went on for many ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=6960.0,6990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/234","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"years like that,\nuntil maybe the 1980's, the mid-1980's, until finally people started saying,\n\"Well, take me with you when you go. Maybe I'll see how it is and maybe I'll\ndecide I want to do it too.\" Ultimately, as the survivors got older and older,\nand realized that they had something to say, and they didn't want ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=6990.0,7020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/235","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to leave this\nworld without somehow telling what happened, many of them did start to talk.\nThere are still many of them that went to their graves never telling\nanyone--including their own families, which is a very sad thing . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=7020.0,7050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/236","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":". . My first\nopportunity to do a synagogue came in 1970 or so. No, I take it back. You\nwouldn't call it a chapel at Camp Barney Medintz. It's a synagogue. That was\nreally my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=7050.0,7080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/237","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"first opportunity. Frank Fuhrmann, who was the director of the Atlanta\nJewish Community Center, saw the Memorial to the Six Million and he was most\nimpressed with that. He had a benefactor in the name of Erwin Zaban, who wanted\nto build a chapel at Camp Barney Medintz in honor of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=7080.0,7110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/238","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"his twenty-fifth wedding\nanniversary. He approached me to see if I would do that. I was very happy to do\nit. They gave me a Judaistic topographic map of the hundred acres of the camp\nand said, \"Pick your spot. As long as there's not a cabin already there, just\npick your spot.\" That was a very ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=7110.0,7140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/239","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"interesting opportunity, and I designed that\nparticular project, across the lake from the main part of the camp . . . able to\nreflect from the lake. It's an open-air thing. It got a lot of acclaim. It was\nwritten up in a lot of magazines, for some magazines because of its appearance,\nbut others because of its ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=7140.0,7170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/240","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"unique structural concept, because it was done . . .\non the roof . . . if you were flying above, it looks like a Star of David. It\nhad six piers laid to form a hexagon and it's really a series of hyperbolic\nparaboloids--I don't want to get too technical--which lean on each other to form\nthis folded plate-type Magen ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=7170.0,7200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/241","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David. It's such an efficient structure that\nactually, if we could have gotten a 4 foot by 8 foot long enough--the largest\nnumber would have been a 4 foot by 8 foot piece of wood. As it turns out, we\nused, like four and a quarter by nine and a quarter glulam laminated wood. We\nhad a span from pier to pier of 51 feet, and that was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=7200.0,7230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/242","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"being done by 4 foot by 8\nfoot, and 2 foot by 6 foot, and 2 foot by 4 foot. It was really quite amazing.\nThe other amazing part is that it was built by Mene Cardell, who was the\ncaretaker of the camp, who's a real legend up there. He said he can build\nanything as long as I draw it up for him. I drew it up for him. I drew it . . .\nto get it on the sheet, I drew it at a three thirty-second scale, which is not a\nstandard scale. I gave him an architectural scale, I said, \"Here, here's the\nthing. Here, use this so you can ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=7230.0,7260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/243","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"do the measuring.\" I said, \"And if you have any\nquestions, give me a call.\" He called me about five or six times, and I went up\nthere and advised him on what to do. He built this thing all by himself. He cut\ndown . . . the site that we built on, there were a lot of pine trees and he cut\ndown all the trees. The 18-inch pines that were on that site, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=7260.0,7290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/244","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we hewed them down\nand cut them down, and then we split them in half, and made the pews out of\nthose. The pews, they were half logs. It's probably still the way it is today.\nIt was a wonderful experience. I lost my tail on it. I think I made about ten\ncents an hour on the thing, but I got a lot of satisfaction out of seeing it\ndone and seeing it work ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=7290.0,7320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/245","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that well. That also gave me enough recognition so that\nwhen the time came for Or VeShalom to buy a site on North Druid Hills and build\na new synagogue around 1970--many of my friends that I had grown up with were\nmembers of Or VeShalom--they came to me and said, \"We want you to design this\nthing.\" Unbeknownst to them, another member of the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=7320.0,7350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/246","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"synagogue had gone to Warren\nEpstein because he had done some apartment work for them and they wanted him to\ndesign it. They had a little get-together on the thing and finally Victor Maslia\ndecided that, \"I want the two of you to design it.\" Talk about backhanded\ncompliments! He said, \"I want Warren to keep you in line as far as cost is\nconcerned because I don't think you can design it ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=7350.0,7380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/247","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"economically. And I want you\nto provide the design because Warren can't design.\" Warren didn't like what he\nsaid and I didn't like what he said, but the result . . . I did the preliminary\ndesign in my office. Then Warren had just kind of come by and took a look to see\nwhat I had. As a result of that, we finally formed a partnership, Epstein and\nHirsch, which we had for about ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=7380.0,7410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/248","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"eight and a half years. The interesting thing is\nthat I did the design for Or VeShalom. When they were ready to go from the\npreliminary design phase to start building this, to go to the work and drawing\nphase, we had a meeting at our office. There was a building committee of six\nthat was gonna meet with us, and out of those six, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=7410.0,7440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/249","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"32 showed up, including the\nRabbi Ichay. He was the new rabbi at the time. When the meeting started, there\nwere two out of 32 that were in favor of the design as it was. There were 30 who\nhad different degrees of dislike for it to the point of hating it, saying that,\nnumber one, it didn't look like a synagogue. I said, \"Well, what does a\nsynagogue look ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=7440.0,7470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/250","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"like?\" It wasn't . . . it didn't look like what they were used to\nseeing. Rabbi Ichay was one of the ones that did like the way that it was. By\nthe time the meeting was completed, my job was to try to explain to them why I\ndid what I did. Because basically, they had . . . there were some unique\nproblems. They had a program, a wish list that would require about 30,000 square\nfeet of space. They had a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=7470.0,7500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/251","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"budget that would allow for about 18,000 square feet\nof space. I had to design a 30,000 square foot building in 18,000 square feet,\nwhich is what I did, with a lot of multi-use spaces. That really is what ended\nup controlling the design a great deal. That, plus the fact that I was very much\nenamored by the wooden synagogues of Poland. I'm sure that influenced it\nsomewhat as well. By the time the meeting was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=7500.0,7530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/252","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"over, they took a vote, and 31\nwere in favor and two were opposed. The design passed, went, and we started\nworking on it. While it was under construction, we decided that we would submit\nthe design to the GRA, which was the Guild for Religious Architecture. They have\ntheir conventions once a year, the national, in various parts of the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=7530.0,7560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/253","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"country. As\nit turns out, I had received a National Design Award for the Memorial to the Six\nMillion at the GRA Conference in Miami in 1968. So I was not unfamiliar with\nthis group. We went on ahead and did something, did a presentation based on the\nmodel because the building was just barely under construction at this point--we\nwere just getting out of the ground--and submitted that to them, and got a call\nsaying that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=7560.0,7590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/254","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we won a National Design Award, that it was an honor award, and I\nshould come and be there for the presentation. So the secretary got me\nfirst-class tickets to L.A., and we went and got an award for that. After we\nreceived that award, the two people in the committee who were deadly opposed to\nit said, \"This is our synagogue! This is our design!\" They ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=7590.0,7620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/255","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"loved it to pieces to\nthe point that . . . as we speak today, they have changed their minds,\napparently, because they have built an addition in front of it that sort of\nlooks like a Hollywood set for a Persian movie maybe or something like that!\nIt's almost totally covered up the building. It's very sad. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=7620.0,7650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/256","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm glad I have the\npictures that I have, before that was done.\n\nLEAVEY: Can I switch gears for a moment? You, I think, were probably about the\ntime in your life--if not, way past--where you met your wife and started your\nfamily. Can you talk a little bit about that?\n\nHIRSCH: Yes . . . I met my wife when I was at Georgia Tech in my fourth ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=7650.0,7680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/257","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"year. In\nfact, she . . . I met her at Warren Epstein's apartment. He was then not my\npartner but he was, we were working at the same place, the same architect's\noffice, at James Wise and Associates. He was having a cocktail party there. I\nthink he had just gotten divorced. I remember I was sitting on the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=7680.0,7710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/258","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"steps. I\ndidn't have a date. She came in there with a date. She walked up the steps and\nspilled her drink all over me. That got my attention. I think that was the idea.\nWe started going out a little bit, and then . . . I went into my fifth year.\nWhen I went into my fifth year that was pretty grueling at Georgia Tech. I just\ndid not have ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=7710.0,7740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/259","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"time to do any dating at all while I was doing that, at least while\nI was doing my thesis research. Then, after I graduated, I went to work for\nJames Wise and Associates for a while and I was dating Jackie for a little time.\nThen I decided that I needed to work in a small office. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=7740.0,7770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/260","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I need to find a small\noffice that I could work for and get much more hands-on experience, because Wise\n. . . his office was fairly large and I was basically doing window details here,\nmaybe got to design a kindergarten room one time and things . . . but there\nreally wasn't much creativity being taken care of there. I looked ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=7770.0,7800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/261","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"around and the\nonly thing that was available was in Macon, Georgia. There was an architect at\nBernard Webb who was looking for a design-oriented graduate from Georgia Tech to\ncome to work there. I contacted them, and he was very excited, and he offered me\nthe job. I went down there and Jackie said she wanted to come with me. We went\ndown and looked at . . . the only place that was available there ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=7800.0,7830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/262","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was a duplex.\nIt was a two-bedroom duplex on the Ocmulgee River. It wasn't the only place\navailable, but it was what Webb had recommended. He knew the people who owned it\nand I could get it at a reasonable price. Then on the way back, she said, \"You\nknow, that's too big for you to live by yourself.\" I'm a very suggestive ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=7830.0,7860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/263","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"type of\na person, so I got the idea, I got the hint, and asked if she would come marry\nme, live with me, then that was it. That's how we . . . it was up and down a\nlittle bit there for a while. She changed her mind when we got back, and then\nher mother called and said she really doesn't mean that. Of course, she didn't\nknow anything about what her mother did. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=7860.0,7890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/264","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Anyway, what happened though, was I\nmoved to Macon and started working there. After a couple months, we got married\nin Atlanta and then Jackie moved down into the duplex. We moved back to Atlanta\nin March of 1960, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=7890.0,7920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/265","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and started . . . our first child actually was born right\naround Rosh Hashanah of 1961.\n\nLEAVEY: What did it mean to you to become a father?\n\nHIRSCH: That's a very good question. I'm trying to think what it meant to me\nthen, at that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=7920.0,7950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/266","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"time. I wasn't sure I was prepared for it, to be honest with you.\nThe idea of having a family . . . I knew that ultimately I would like to have a\nlarge family. I thought about . . . I'm one of seven and I thought about having\nseven kids, but at the time that we first started, that was really my wife's\ninitiative, because ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=7950.0,7980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/267","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I just didn't know. I wasn't able . . . I was really more\nfocused on trying to get my life straight, as far as my career and being able to\nsupport a family. For instance, when I was at Georgia Tech, I knew that there\nwas no way ever I was gonna get involved with any girl and get married before I\nfinished school. I would never think about getting married unless I knew that I\nhad a job and I knew that I was going toward a career. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=7980.0,8010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/268","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's the way that my\nlife is structured, if you will. It's the same way about family. I wasn't sure\nabout being able to support children, but if she was sure about it, then I said,\n\"Okay, I'll go for it.\" I was rather passive, in a sense. Our first child was\nborn with many ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=8010.0,8040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/269","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"problems--a hole in her heart, disconnected major elements . . .\nI forget what things that were disconnected. The child could not survive. It\nsurvived four or five days. Having lost that child was fairly traumatic, but it\nmade me realize how much I really wanted to have ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=8040.0,8070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/270","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"children. So within a year, we\nhad the first child, Shoshana. Then they started . . . about every two years, we\nhad another child. Dinah was the second one. Dinah was born without an\nesophagus, which was interesting, to say the least. Thank G-d it was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=8070.0,8100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/271","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"discovered\nin time. When she was, I think less than a week old, she was operated on by two\nteams of surgeons--one to remove a piece of the colon and the other to take that\npiece of colon and use it to connect . . . use it as a substitute esophagus. The\nonly problem with that is that a colon is like a one-way valve. Things can only\ngo in one ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=8100.0,8130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/272","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"direction. An esophagus is like a two-way valve so you can\nregurgitate. Dinah could never regurgitate. She could never . . . excuse me,\nthat operation didn't occur until she was four years old. The operation that did\noccur was that they took what was there and gave her an intrusion . . . it was a\nhole right here, so she could . . . things that would come in her mouth would\nthen come out of this little ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=8130.0,8160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/273","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"hole in here. Then there was a tube put in her\nstomach. For the first few years of her life--the first four years of her life,\nand it was supposed to be six years, according to Dr. Hopkins--she was fed with\na tube. But Dr. Hopkins mentioned that if you put a colostomy bag on, over the\nopening here, and allow her to eat food and chew it and mix it with the\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=8160.0,8190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/274","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"saliva--saliva is a very important part in the growth of a child--and then take\nthat food and put it in through the tube with a plunger, that that would work.\nWe did that, and nothing . . . That helped because by the time she was four\nyears old, she was ready to have the operation, which was two years before the\npredicted time that it would be done. Today, she's got four kids of her own and\nit's a miracle. It's a wonderful ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=8190.0,8220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/275","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"miracle. I have to say that this Dr. William\nHopkins was just an incredible doctor. There was much pressure being put on me\nwhen Dinah was growing up by friends of ours in the medical community who were\nliving in Atlanta and knew all the new things that there were to know about\nmedicine and said that people all over--New York and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=8220.0,8250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/276","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"everywhere--when babies are\nborn with this kind of a situation, within six months they have the operation to\nconnect up, to take out the colon, and to do this thing. They were driving me\ncrazy, to be honest with you. I went to see Dr. Hopkins and I said, \"Look, I\nlove you and have all kind of faith in you. Just tell me what it's all about.\" I\nexplained to him what they were saying. He says, \"If you want to change doctors,\nyou can. I will not operate at that early ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=8250.0,8280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/277","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"age.\" I said, \"I'm not saying I want\nto change doctors. Just tell me why.\" He says, \"Oh, that's simple: I do not have\nany fatalities. They do.\" \"Good answer.\" I waited, and when she was four years\nold, then she was ready to go, and that was it. Then two years after Dinah was\nborn, Michrah was born. Then about ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=8280.0,8310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/278","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"almost three years after that, the last child\nwas born. At that point, the obstetricians, Velkoff and Epstein, said,\n\"Absolutely no more, no more, no more children\" because my wife is RH-negative\nand I'm RH-positive. There were many transfusion problems with various kids. By\nthe time Rafi was born, he was born with Holland's ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=8310.0,8340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/279","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Membrane. They didn't think\nhe was gonna live. They said nothing like that. I remember going to a basketball\ngame with my wife--an Atlanta Hawks game--and sitting in front of me were Jake\nEpstein and Abe Velkoff, our obstetricians. I suggested . . . I said, \"You know,\nwe're thinking about maybe having another child.\" The whole stadium just about\nwent berserk. He said, \"What?! You're crazy! I'm not letting it happen!\" Okay,\nenough! That was the end of that. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=8340.0,8370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/280","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"No more childbearing after that. Being a\nparent was very important to me . . . I tried to be a good parent, but I find\nthat, in looking back, that I stayed away from home a great deal. Part of that .\n. . I'm sure had to do with the fact that my wife was very possessive about\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=8370.0,8400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/281","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"childrearing. I felt like I was in the way. I just was more comfortable in my\noffice, in my domain, where I could create things and feel like I was doing\nsomething. That's in retrospect. But when it came to school, I was supportive\nwith the kids, I helped them with their homework, I taught them whatever I could\nteach ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=8400.0,8430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/282","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"them. In the case of Dinah, whenever the tube would come out and she'd\nhave to go to the hospital to have the tube put in, that was my job. I was the\none . . . no matter when it was--if it was Saturday, no matter. You have to\nunderstand that I'm a very squeamish guy. I faint at the sight of blood. There\nwas one time that I took Dinah to the Emergency Room and there was a new doctor\nthere, an Oriental doctor, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=8430.0,8460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/283","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who simply did not know how to put the tube in. He\nkept trying, and kept trying, and finally I said, \"Move out of the way. Let me\nshow you.\" I did it. Then I thought to myself, \"I did that! I can't believe it!\"\nWhen things have to happen . . . she had to have the tube in because that hole\nwill close after a while. The guy just couldn't do it. He didn't know what the\nsecret was. So I just pushed him aside and I did ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=8460.0,8490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/284","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it. No, I think that I had a\npart in raising my children. I'm sure that I had an important part in raising\nthem. Of course, religion was important to us. We sent them to the Hebrew\nAcademy and to Yeshiva High School. I was a board member of Hebrew Academy for\nmany years and I was one of the founders of Yeshiva High School, and a board\nmember for many years, and past ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=8490.0,8520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/285","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"president of Yeshiva High School, and past\npresident of the Congregation of Beth Jacob. I've been involved in the Atlanta\nJewish community for a long, long time. For a long time I was sort of on the\nperiphery of community activities in that I was sort of anti-establishment,\nparticularly when it came to things like protesting for Russian Jewry, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=8520.0,8550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/286","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when\nthere was a big need to protest on behalf of Russian Jewry that was in need of\ngreat help. Somehow, the Federation had their committees, but everything was\njust perfunctory. They didn't do anything. There was a group of activists at\nEmory University who sought me out, saying, \"We understand that you are pretty\nmuch of an ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=8550.0,8580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/287","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"activist. Let's get together and let's do something for Soviet\nJewry.\" All right. There was the Bolshoi Ballet came to town. They went to the\nCivic Center. What we did was we raised money and we bought up the front two\nrows of seats for the Bolshoi Ballet. We got permission from the city . . . and\nwe picketed on the outside. We had signs and so on like that. Of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=8580.0,8610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/288","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"course, many\nJews were coming to the Bolshoi Ballet. We were hoping that they wouldn't, that\nthey would boycott. We were pleading. We had ads in the paper for Jews to\nboycott the Bolshoi Ballet, but no, after all, it's the Bolshoi Ballet. You\ndon't want to miss that. My way of doing this was, we got people recruited . . .\nstudents to go in there and sit in the front row, in the best seats in the\nhouse, until the curtain went ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=8610.0,8640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/289","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"up. Then when the curtain went up, we all got up\nand left some literature on the seats and left. It caused a lot of commotion.\nThe Federations' response to that was they put me on the Soviet Jewry Committee\nto shut me up! These are the kind of . . . that's typical for the kind of thing\nthat I was involved in some, but I've mellowed in my old ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=8640.0,8670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/290","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"age. I still get\ninvolved in certain things here and there. The march that we had in 1990, the\nHemschech Cheder March, this was also for Soviet Jewry. This was already after\nmany Soviet Jews were able to go to Israel, but the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=8670.0,8700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/291","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Pamyat had said that they\nwanted to finish Hitler's job. This was very scary. We decided on Yom HaShoah\nthat we were going to meet at the state Capitol and have a few people speak to\nus, and possibly the governor, and so on like that. Then from there, march to\nthe Memorial and then have our Yom HaShoah service. We figured that would get\nmedia attention, which it did do, but there were many people in the community,\nwho were very ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=8700.0,8730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/292","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"much opposed to that, in particular the second generation, for\nsome reason, felt that we were denigrating Yom HaShoah, which was sacrosanct.\n\"We, the survivors, don't think it's denigrating it. What the hell do you\ncare?'' It was a big rift. They lined up with other members of the community who\nwere opposed to that, but we got a lot of community support. A lot of people in\nthe community were ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=8730.0,8760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/293","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"very, very much in favor of what we did and came out. The\nGovernor didn't come to speak, but the Lieutenant Governor did come to speak. We\nhad a senator, a U.S. Senator from the state . . . John Lewis was not able to\nmake it to the Capitol but he met us along the way, spoke to us over there at\nthe corner of what's now Ralph Abernathy and Cascade, and then marched the rest\nof the way with ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=8760.0,8790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/294","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"us. Then we passed by Reverend Lowry's church while they were\nhaving . . .They saw us, they stopped their church service, and marched the rest\nof the way with us. I felt very good about that. The first memory I have of any\nkind of real activism or having to do with anything with my feelings, concerns\nabout civil rights ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=8790.0,8820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/295","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was when I was at Georgia Tech. Before that I have memories\nof when I was in the army in Germany. We used to have what they called \"free\nbeer night\" at the PX once a month. Because the PX was a non-profit\norganization, they made a profit on everything that they sold. Then, once a\nmonth, they would use that profit to have a free beer night and free something\nelse that went with it, like free pizza one night or free something ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=8820.0,8850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/296","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"else. The\nfirst time I went, I experienced a race riot and got out of there quickly. The\nlast time that I went also was when I was leaving . . . was almost my last night\nin Fuerth. I had a good friend named Featherstone, who was black,\nAfrican-American . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=8850.0,8880.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/297","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We both had about the same amount of college. I had two\nyears in architectural school. He had two years in med school, pre-med. We had a\nlot in common. We decided to go to free beer night as our last night, just to\ntalk and make contact. As the night went on, we hear one guy calling somebody a\n\"honky,\" then we hear somebody else calling somebody a \"black son-of-a-bitch,\"\nand then we see beers and bottles flying. Then all of the sudden, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=8880.0,8910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/298","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"whoa! The\nwhole place explodes. Featherstone and I just looked at each other, and I said,\n\"I'm not gonna hit you.\" He said, \"I'm not gonna hit you.\" We both got on under\nthe table and we waited the thing out. Those kinds of things left . . . it's not\na scar, but it left a lasting impression about how tense the situation can be\nbetween the races in the American scene. Therefore when I got ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=8910.0,8940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/299","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"back to Georgia\nTech . . . they first started having women at Georgia Tech when I got back. When\nI was at Tech the two years before the army, there were no women there. When I\ngot back, there were two girls in the architectural school. It was interesting\nto see how they fared and how the teachers treated them. It wasn't always very\npretty. I had ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=8940.0,8970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/300","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"wished there was something I could do, but there was never\nanything quite that I could do without totally jeopardizing my own situation as\na student, and then not being able to do anything about it anyway, just to voice\nmy opinion. The thing that I can remember is . . . I think it was 1956, when\nGeorgia Tech was gonna be playing in the against Pittsburgh. Pittsburgh had an\nAll-American end who was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=8970.0,9000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/301","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"black. The governor, Marvin Griffin, made the\nintelligent decision that Georgia Tech was not going to be allowed to play in\nthe Sugar Bowl unless Pittsburgh would bench their player. Pittsburgh said,\n\"We're not benching our All-American man!\" Marvin Griffin said, \"Then Georgia\nTech isn't gonna play.\" That really kind of ticked off a lot of people, myself\nincluded. I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=9000.0,9030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/302","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"remember on a Friday night, doing something which is not really the\nkind of thing I ever expected that I would be doing, but actually I was just\nthere with a group of people and I saw that we were just standing there. I said,\n\"Come on, let's go. Let's charge the Governor's Mansion.\" This is when the\nGovernor's Mansion was in Ansley Park. I felt like Joan of Arc all of the\nsudden. I was right at the head of the thing, just saying, \"Come on! Let's get\nup out of here!\" Everybody was behind me! We were going! We got across the\nstreet, and--it's a very wide street ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=9030.0,9060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/303","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there--as soon as we got to about 15 feet\nof the bushes, a whole bunch of state troopers stood up with their rifles\nstraight at us. We all said, \"Whoa!\" and discretion ended up being the better\npart of valor. We all turned around and walked away, but that was a kind of\nsituation that got your adrenaline flowing. There were many ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=9060.0,9090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/304","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"things . . . like\nwhen I was at Tech, there was a place called Wallahachie Hotel, on Simpson\nStreet, I think it was. This was in a black neighborhood. In the basement of the\nWallahachie, on the weekends, they would have jazz entertainment. They had\ntop-notch entertainment. They had Stan Kenton, Dinah ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=9090.0,9120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/305","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Washington . . . Dave\nBrubeck. We saw some great people there . . . I used to go there and I would\ntake dates. One time, I took a date and she was convinced that I was some kind\nof a Communist because I would go around blacks, because she was from North\nCarolina. She was born there. She had . . . it was just not done. You don't mix\nwith ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=9120.0,9150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/306","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"blacks. Somehow, I just could not go along with that, even though I was\ntrying to become a good Southerner. That didn't quite cut it. There was a time\nshortly after I got married, that I had a very good friend who was the . . . I\ndo not know exactly what her position was. She was like the Maître d' in a\nsense, to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=9150.0,9180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/307","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Charlie Leb. She used to be at Leb's downtown . . . we all used to\nhang out in Leb's because Jeannie Foster was there and she was our good friend.\nShe became like his assistant. He opened up a place called the King's Inn at the\nCabana Hotel at Eleventh and Peachtree. It was very popular. It was more high\nscale ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=9180.0,9210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/308","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"than Leb's downtown was. He tells Jeannie one day--and she told me--\"You\nknow, Harry Belafonte is gonna be here in October and I'm not gonna let him come\ninto King's Inn. He's gonna want to eat there. He's gonna stay at the Atlanta\nCabana Hotel. He's gonna want to eat there and I'm not gonna let him in. It's\ngonna cause a big hullabaloo.\" Charlie Leb . . . I don't really think he was\nracist. He ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=9210.0,9240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/309","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"just thought he was being a good businessman because he was from\nMiami. He thought that in order to endear himself to the redneck people in\nAtlanta who probably he thought, had the money to come eat, and then he thought\nhe would do that and he would become a real hero. It backfired on him like\ncrazy. She tried to talk him out of it and he wouldn't hear of it. Sure enough,\nhe did that. Harry Belafonte ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=9240.0,9270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/310","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"came, Charlie Leb wouldn't let him eat, and as a\nresult of that, they started picketing Leb's downtown because it was more\naccessible. You can go all around the block. One Saturday night, my wife and I\nwent to eat with some friends and we were going to this place about a block away\nfrom Leb's. We saw this huge crowd of people picketing around Leb's. I said,\n\"Let's join this ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=9270.0,9300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/311","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"group.\" The other couple that was with us and my wife said,\n\"We'll watch you. You go ahead and join the group!\" So I went and then we walked\naround the block. When I finally got to the entrance of Leb's, the manager saw\nme there and he says, \"Ah, you must be having a hell of a time trying to get in.\nCome on in, come on in.\" I looked at him and I said, \"Do you serve Jews?\" Man,\nif looks could ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=9300.0,9330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/312","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"kill! I thought that guy was gonna kill me. Those were the kind\nof things that were sort of . . . I don't want to say commonplace, but whenever\nthere was an opportunity to make a point . . . because I really didn't believe\nin what was going on in the South and the way that blacks were being treated.\nThe thing to look back in retrospect is how that changed. It's not that my\nfeelings changed so much. It's that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=9330.0,9360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/313","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"my comfort level in being involved in things\nwith the Civil Rights Movement changed. I attended--in fact, Jackie was with me\n. . . we attended a lecture at Morris Brown College or University--whichever it\nis. There were several speakers that got up there and attacked whites as if they\nwere the Devil incarnate--every white. They talked about Hiroshima, how ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=9360.0,9390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/314","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"had the\nJapanese been Germans, they never would have dropped the bomb because they were\nCaucasian, and this kind of stuff. When I walked out of that place, I felt like\nI wasn't safe. I felt like these . . . I thought that I was an ally to the\npeople there, and when I left I didn't feel like I was an ally. I felt like it\nwas them and me. I thought that was very sad. There was . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=9390.0,9420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/315","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"everything from\nthat on that I did up till now has just been on a personal level, just on a\nrelationship of one-to-one. You're a black person, or a white person, or a blue\nperson, or a grey person . . . you're a person and I deal with you as a person.\nI haven't had any dealings since then, institutionally, as far as any activism\nis concerned, but that doesn't mean that I didn't find things to be active\nabout. Like ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=9420.0,9450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/316","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we . . . The situation with the Jews in Russia was a big matter of\nconcern to many of us. I was very concerned about it and used to not only attend\nrallies, but also organize rallies. There were many students at Emory that,\nwhenever they wanted to do something, they would call me and say, \"Will you help\nus organize this and will you help us organize that?\" There ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=9450.0,9480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/317","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was this one\nsituation when the Bolshoi Ballet was gonna be at the Atlanta Civic Theatre . .\n. I've told that story? Okay, never mind then.\n\nLEAVEY: You did the last time and I think you talked about the march . . .\n\nHIRSCH: The march to . . .\n\nLEAVEY: . . . the Soviet Jewry on Yom HaShoah.\n\nHIRSCH: Right. Okay. Good. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=9480.0,9510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/318","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So that's done. All right, lead me into something else.\n\nLEAVEY: You didn't talk about your Pat Buchanan days or about your Pat Buchanan confrontations.\n\nHIRSCH: Yes. More recently I have been very concerned about some politicians who\nare very high profile, running for high offices. In particular, Pat ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=9510.0,9540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/319","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Buchanan was\nvery problematic. When, around 1990 I think it was . . . I don't know when the\nelection year was--1990 or 1992--but he was running for president. He was\nrunning pretty strong. He was coming to Georgia. I wanted to organize a group of\npeople to come and protest that, and in particular the survivor community. I was\npresident of Hemschech at the time and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=9540.0,9570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/320","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I used that platform in trying to get my\nexecutive committee and some members of the general membership to get more\ninvolved. The membership itself, they were . . . the older people just did not\nwant to get involved. They cared, but they didn't want to get involved. Some of\nthe younger people did show some interest. The question was, \"How do we resolve\nthe ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=9570.0,9600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/321","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"issue? How do we find out where he is to confront him?\" His schedule was a\ndeep secret. Nobody ever knew where he was gonna be or when he was gonna be\nwhere. I used my contact with Jim Galloway at The Atlanta Journal-Constitution,\nand asked him to let me know if he can find out where Buchanan's gonna be. He\nalso let me know that's a very hard thing to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=9600.0,9630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/322","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"do, but he will . . . as soon as he\ngets a heads-up, he'll let me know. He called me one day . . . I think he called\nme on Tuesday afternoon and said, \"He's gonna be 9:00 in the morning, Wednesday\nmorning, at the Georgia state Capitol, and he's gonna speak to the House and to\nthe Senate. So if you want to go, that's it, but don't tell anybody where you\ngot the information.\" I had a meeting that night in my house. People like\nPhyllis Fraley were there, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=9630.0,9660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/323","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and Arnie Schneider, and some of the children of\nsurvivors. Arnie was the only other male involved in this. Most of the other\nones were female. I guess because people don't have the time, whatever it is. We\nmade . . . we realized too, we were told there's no way that you can bring signs\ninto the state Capitol. So we made signs and folded them up so we could hide\nthem and bring them out when we got inside there. We did that, and we got ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=9660.0,9690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/324","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"inside\nand it was a . . . So many people were there, and he was getting a whale of a\nreception from the Georgia legislators. But I got friendly with one of the\nguards at the Capitol and told him what it is that we're trying to achieve. I\ntold him, \"Here's a man who's denying that the Holocaust existed, and who's\nchampioning people like the Manyuk, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=9690.0,9720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/325","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and David Irving, and so on--deniers of the\nHolocaust. I don't think this kind of man should be president of the United\nStates.\" He says, \"I tell you what. You want to confront him? See that set of\nstairs over there? No matter which way he goes, he's gotta go down those stairs.\nThere are about 20 exits out of this chamber. Whichever way he takes, he's gotta\ngo down those stairs.\" So I positioned myself at the top of the stairs before\nanybody else did. Of course I had ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=9720.0,9750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/326","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"my sign there, which was still folded up. Just\nbefore he was coming, I pulled out the sign and somebody grabbed it away from me\nright away. As he followed me down, I said, \"Hey Pat!\" He turned around and he\nlooked like he was my long-lost buddy. I said, \"The Holocaust did happen. I was\nthere.\" There were about six or seven of his bodyguards ready to come pounce on\nme until they saw all ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=9750.0,9780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/327","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the media around and thought better of it. He just turned\naround and walked away. Right away, the BBC came up and says, \"Why did you say\nthat?\" and all these other news media came around. So it was effective. The word\ngot around somehow, unless they decided to squelch whatever it was that they\ngot. I never saw anything myself on TV about it. Then we . . . Jim told us about\nthe closing ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=9780.0,9810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/328","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"thing that he was gonna be having in Marietta. By that time, there\nwas enough time . . . We had several days to organize this one. I called the\nRabbinical Association and they were very interested. I called the ADL, and I\ncalled AJC, and called every organization I could to get them involved. Many\nmore survivors decided to get ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=9810.0,9840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/329","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"involved at that time too, because they saw that\nwe did make a little headway on our own before. We got there and it was pretty\nopen. You were able to get inside, but I guess you can't expect political\nopponents to be friendly to you. These people were much less than friendly! In\nfact, there was one guy that I thought was going to kill me and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=9840.0,9870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/330","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rubin Lansky, of\nall people, stepped in and told him that if he touches a hair on my head, that\nhe was gonna kill him himself. Rubin's a little guy, but he scared the hell out\nof this huge fellow. Avi Weiss also came down. Avi Weiss knew what we were\ndoing, but he couldn't come to that Wednesday morning thing at the state\nCapitol. There wasn't enough notice. This was enough notice. He came down and he\nheckled the way he ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=9870.0,9900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/331","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"normally heckles, and also he had an artist who was like a\nbodyguard, who was about 6 feet, 6 inches and could have been a lineman for any\nfootball team in the NFL. He kind of protected us for a little while too, when\nthese guys came around. That was a very confrontational thing. There were . . .\nthe rabbis, they made a lot of headway in the media and a lot of rabbis got\ntheir ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=9900.0,9930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/332","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"faces on TV, which was good. The point was made that there were people who\nwere not comfortable with Pat Buchanan, with his views on the Holocaust . . . I\nfelt good about it. I thought a good job on ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=9930.0,9960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/333","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it.\n\nLEAVEY: Talk a little bit about your assumption that because you were a child\nand were sent out of Europe that you didn't have a story to tell, that your\nstory was not an \"authentic\" story. Also how, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=9960.0,9990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/334","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yoni in particular, and the . . .\nlack of Holocaust education in Atlanta encouraged you to start speaking.\n\nHIRSCH: Right. When I first came . . . We have to go back, actually, to being in\nEurope. When we got to France ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=9990.0,10020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/335","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and were no longer with parents, I was no longer\nwith siblings either, at least for almost three years . . . being all by myself.\nWhen I finally got back together with my siblings, it was almost like I wasn't\nthere, like I wasn't . . . I never knew anything about any relatives that we\nhad. I never knew anything about what was going on with our parents. I have the\nletters that my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=10020.0,10050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/336","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"mother wrote us and my father wrote us now, but I never saw them\nwhen I was a kid. I was just totally out of the loop. I guess they wanted me to\ngrow up and be a normal kid, but that, plus the fact that I was a child and the\nfact that I was never in a concentration camp . . . always, whenever someone\ntalks about the Holocaust, \"Well, what camp were you in?\" As if that were the\nonly category ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=10050.0,10080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/337","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that existed. I was convinced that if you're not in a camp, you're\nnot a survivor of the Holocaust. It's as simple as that. You're just a person\nthat happened to have been there. Even though I called myself a survivor when I\ntalked to them about designing the Memorial, I never really felt that I had a\nstory to tell, as a survivor. As we ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=10080.0,10110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/338","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"started getting our educational systems\ngoing, after the Memorial was built in 1965, I think it was 1966 or so that Yoni\nWertzberger, who was then the director of BBYO approached me. He said, \"We're\ngonna be having a weekend of BBG girls and AZA boys, and the theme of the\nweekend ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=10110.0,10140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/339","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is 'Lest We Forget,' which is talking about the Holocaust.\" It was gonna\nbe a roadway in. He wanted me to be the keynote speaker. I said, \"Yoni, I'm not\na survivor. I was never in a camp.\" I said, \"You don't . . . I mean, I'll be\nhappy to come there and tell you about the design of the Memorial and things\nlike that, but no, it doesn't make any sense.\" He was persistent. He was very\npersistent and he says, \"Look, you have a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=10140.0,10170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/340","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"story to tell and you have to tell\nit.\" So I did. Actually, the story that I told was not so much my story. It was\na very little bit of my story that I told when I went in there because I felt\nwhat I needed to do was to tell them the story of the Holocaust. At the time, it\nwas probably appropriate because the kids that I had spoken to at that time had\nlearned nothing ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=10170.0,10200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/341","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about the Holocaust prior to this weekend. My giving them the\noverview, if you will, was good. It worked. Then after that . . . not the same\nday but the next day, I took them to the Memorial and we talked about why it was\ndesigned the way it was designed and so on. This was all very effective. The one\nthing, one thing stands in my mind: I have spoken ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=10200.0,10230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/342","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"since to, I'm sure, hundreds\nof groups, of school groups, or church groups, whatever have you, about the\nHolocaust, about my experiences to various degrees. Never has anybody ever just\ncome up and said, \"I don't believe you,\" except that first time. A Jewish\nfifteen-year-old kid got up and said, \"Why should I believe ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=10230.0,10260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/343","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you?\" I looked at\nhim. I said, \"Why should I lie to you?\" He said, \"To get my sympathy.\" I said,\n\"Why in the hell would I want your sympathy? For your sympathy and five cents, I\nmight get a cup of coffee somewhere.\" They were ready to shut him up. I said,\n\"No, don't shut him up. Let's talk. What's going on?\" We never resolved\nanything. He was very obstinate. He said, \"You're not gonna convince ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=10260.0,10290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/344","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"me. I don't\nthink you're telling the truth,\" and that's the way it stood. He wasn't with the\ngroup that went out to the Memorial the next day. I've been in church groups\nwhere people were belligerent about saying that Israel is rolling Palestine and\nso on like that, but never did anybody get up and say, \"I don't believe you\"\nwhen you're talking about the Holocaust or talking about your experiences. That\nwas quite strange, but Yoni got me to thinking, got me ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=10290.0,10320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/345","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"realizing that, as time\nwent on, I realized that I didn't need to be a textbook for the kids, that if\nsomebody wants to hear about the Holocaust, or they read about the Holocaust,\nbooks were coming out. In the early 1960's, there weren't many books out. By the\ntime the 1970's got around, there were a lot of books around that people could\nread and find out the details about what went on. What they needed to see and to\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=10320.0,10350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/346","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"hear was somebody talking about their own experiences, how they were affected,\nthat they were individuals and that what happened in the Holocaust was not to a\nbunch of numbers, but to individual people. Here we are, that's what we're doing\ntoday. It has a lot to do with the way our museum was designed because . . .\ngoing back to that weekend, when I was showing those ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=10350.0,10380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/347","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"kids around the . . . these\nwere 15, 16, 17-year-old kids and we talked about the Memorial, we talked about\nhow it was designed, we talked about the fact that we have a wall in there which\nis a wall of remembrance in a way and this was where people had plaques about .\n. . related to their families. This was the only place where people could come\nto say Kaddish because they don't know where the graves of these ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=10380.0,10410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/348","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"people are.\nThat had a big effect on them, theoretically. It sounded . . . neat. Then when\nthey started walking around on their own, they spent most of their time on that\nwall, looking around there, and they said, \"I know that! I know that! I know\nthose people!\" and like that. They realized that you can talk about six million,\nyou can talk about six hundred thousand, but it's when you get that connection\nwith one person, that's when ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=10410.0,10440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/349","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you've really told the story. When it came time to\ndo . . . Our first exhibit was Expo 85. Originally, I had wanted to do a museum\ncomponent in front of the AJCC. I'd drawn something up and I'd presented it to\nthe executive ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=10440.0,10470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/350","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"committee of the AJCC. They were ready to vote and they were ready\nto vote unanimously, \"Let's do it! This is a fantastic idea!\" Then Erwin Zaban\ngot up and he said, \"I think it's great, too, but if we do this, we'll never be\nable to separate ourselves from the Center. We'll never be able to sell it, and\nwe'll be stuck with a building that we may not want to be stuck with. Maybe this\nshould be somewhere else.\" When Erwin ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=10470.0,10500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/351","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"speaks, everybody listens. They decided,\n\"Well, let's . . .\" They voted to agree with a concept, but it should be\nsomewhere else. Then it kind of just was shelved until 1984, when Phyllis Franco\nand . . . Ruth ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=10500.0,10530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/352","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Singer both came up to me. They had both been on the executive\ncommittee and they remembered the presentation I made. They said, \"You know,\nwe're gonna have an Expo 85 at the AJCC, which is gonna be an Israel experience\nfor an entire week,\" for ten days, I forget what it was. She said, \"And we can't\nfathom having that without having a Holocaust component.\" They gave me a\nheads-up in that I was allowed to select my space before anybody else ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=10530.0,10560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/353","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was. \"What\nspace do you want to use for that?\" I selected three rooms upstairs in prime\nlocation and proceeded to design an exhibit that would do the job for that. One\nof the motivating things in that design, really, was this concept of trying to\nbring it to a personal level, because I remembered how those kids were in\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=10560.0,10590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/354","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"looking at that wall at the Memorial and how important that was to them. I came\nup with a flow of traffic that would purposely lead people as if they were like\ncattle going into a slaughterhouse, which is fine. Slowly they can watch things\nas they go. But I wanted to make sure that toward the end there would be ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=10590.0,10620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/355","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a\nsurvivors' component, where there would be panels, family panels of survivors\nand their stories on their panels of what happened, where they're from, what\nhappened to their families, who was . . . and so on like that, and when they\ncame back, and where they are today. We started doing a few of those panels for\nthat exhibit. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=10620.0,10650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/356","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In fact, that was when I met Jane, when she was called in to ask\npeople for artifacts for that exhibit, and also for photographs so that we can\ndo these panels. Those panels had the same effect, that people saw . . . They\nwould see these survivor families. Many people would look and say, \"I never knew\nthey were survivors!\" and \"I didn't know that they were from Belarus or from\nCzechoslovakia! ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=10650.0,10680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/357","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Incredible.\" It was incredible. After Expo 85 was over with,\nPerry Brickman, who was the chairman of Expo, came up and he says, \"You know,\nwe're gonna have to make this a permanent exhibit somehow. We're gonna work on\nthat.\" They did. They got to send it . . . to allocate some space in the\nbasement, which was a room--much ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=10680.0,10710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/358","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"smaller than the space they were at for Expo\n85--but would make it a permanent location. Then we redesigned that. Again there\nwas one complete section that was what you would call \"The Survivors' Room\", in\nwhich we made a lot more panels. People who saw them at Expo 85 said, \"I want\none too.\" We interviewed a lot of people and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=10710.0,10740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/359","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"got these panels made, all with\nvolunteer help. Louise Baum did all of the calligraphy and her sister was very\nhelpful. Saba got coffee . . .\n\nLEAVEY: All of this was a part of the concept of creating a Jewish heritage museum?\n\nHIRSCH: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=10740.0,10770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/360","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yes, or became that. Let's put it that way. Yes, it was a concept. Asher, when he moved to New York was studying to be a rabbi. Then he got into the army. He got drafted, which delayed ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=10770.0,10800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/361","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"his getting smicha. Then after he married Henny and they had a child right away, he decided not to continue his Yeshiva education and just . . . He was offered a job to be a rabbi in a synagogue in New York, so he took that job and started ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=10800.0,10830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/362","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"raising his family there. Some years later, he was approached to help be a fundraiser for the Shaare Zedek Hospital in Jerusalem. They were gonna form an American committee for Shaare Zedek Hospital. This was interesting to him because the Shaare Zedek Hospital was a pet project for the Jews of Frankfurt, Germany, and our father had been ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=10830.0,10860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/363","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"very much involved in that. Asher felt like he was kind of continuing the legacy. He became the chief fundraiser for Shaare Zedek. He was the head of the American Committee for Shaare Zedek. He developed the two major annual fundraising programs that they have, which is a concert they have in November every year, and then also they have a dinner with an ad journal, I think in May or something ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=10860.0,10890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/364","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"like that. Even though he today is retired and has been living in Israel now for the last 15 years, they bring him in every year to help them out with the concert and with the dinner and with the journal because of his vast experience in that. When he took the job at Shaare Zedek, he was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=10890.0,10920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/365","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"already the rabbi for Congregation Joseph ben Mayer in the Bronx, which was his second congregation. His first one was in Astoria-Queens. That particular congregation, over 90 percent of the members were from Frankfurt. He was their rabbi. He's not a rabbi. He's really a reverend, Jascha ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=10920.0,10950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/366","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hirsch. He doesn’t have smicha. He strongly believes—which there are some things in the Talmud that say, that go along with this concept—that someone should not make their livelihood from teaching the Torah, from teaching G-d's Word. He's always had a second job to go along with his being a rabbi. Therefore, number one, he didn't have to demand a living wage from whatever congregation he was working ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=10950.0,10980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/367","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from, and gave him an upper hand in making the decisions of what the congregation does. “You’re not paying me a living wage anyway, so dammit, don’t tell me what to do!\" He was with Congregation Joseph ben Mayer for 25 years. When he left the congregation, the congregation folded and people just went their ways throughout the congregations. He left and he went to Israel. In Israel, he is also with Shaare Zedek Hospital, except ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=10980.0,11010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/368","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"now he's the Director of Religious Affairs there. He helps people who are there who have religious needs, he helps people put on the tefillin who are not capable of doing it because of their health and so on. He runs the religious services there. They have a chapel there, and the chapel, incidentally, was donated by another Hirsch—Jack Hirsch—my brother here in Atlanta who, besides being one of the better CPA’s around, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=11010.0,11040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/369","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"he’s also a very philanthropic person. When he decides that something is a good cause, he does something about it. I think I mentioned before about growing up here, Jack and I were kind of at each other’s throats, but we couldn’t be any closer than we are right now. He's the one who, when I said that I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=11040.0,11070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/370","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"wanted to write a book but just couldn’t quite get going . . . I said, \"I think I need a computer to write a book. I'm not gonna write a book without a computer.” He bought me a computer! He said, \"Okay, now you don't have an excuse. Write a damn book,” which is the same way he was about his house. When I graduated from Georgia Tech, he said, \"Okay, now I've been waiting for four years. Design me a damn house.\" I said, \"Jack, I don't have the time to do it now. Give me a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=11070.0,11100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/371","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"chance to breathe. Plus, I don't think I'm ready yet. I need to learn some more.\" He said, \"I waited four years. Now.\" So I designed him a house! He’s still living in that house today. I was just there last night visiting with Herb, our brother-in-law from California. Which brings us to his wife, my sister Flo, my older sister. She got married in May of 1951 to Herb Spiegel. He's ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=11100.0,11130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/372","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"also from Germany. He's from Cologne. His parents got out early enough in the 1930’s and they moved to Albany, where his father was a doctor—I think a pediatrician. I'm not sure. Herb became an electrical engineer and moved to Alaska. He was working for ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=11130.0,11160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/373","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the government of Alaska. When he met Flo, he had been on one of his many excursion weekends back to New York, trying to meet somebody. They met, and hit it off and got married, and moved to Kodiak, Alaska, where Sammy was born. His was the first bris in Alaska. Their son, Sammy, now is the police chief of some town near San Diego, California. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=11160.0,11190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/374","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Flo and Herb eventually moved from Alaska to Corona, California, where they built up what they call Corona Electric Company. They were electrical contractors and quite well loved in the community. My sister Flo was also somewhat of an activist. She didn't like what was going on in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=11190.0,11220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/375","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the education community in Corona, so she ran for the school board to make some changes. That led to running for city council and that led to her becoming the mayor of Corona, California. Finally, because of health, she had to give up politics. She had diabetes and cancer. When she passed away, they had the flags at half-mast in Corona. Flo has got ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=11220.0,11250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/376","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"three sons. Sammy, the oldest, is a police chief. Bobby, the middle one, is a people person! That’s the best way I can put it! I think he's now the city manager of Corona. I don't know whether he's gonna keep ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=11250.0,11280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/377","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that job or not. They talked him into doing it, but in a way he's a natural at that because he really is a people person. They have five beautiful children themselves, and the youngest son, Mark, is an airline pilot. He was for TWA, so I guess he's now with American Airlines. He lives in St. Louis, Missouri. I told you about Sarah . . . No, I didn’t tell you about Sarah. I did ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=11280.0,11310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/378","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"tell you that she was the first one to get married. She got married to Harry Shartar. Harry had gone to Georgia Tech, graduated 1949, I believe. At that time, he was in industrial management, which was a very good field at the time unless you were a Jew. It took him two years to find a job. There were all kinds ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=11310.0,11340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/379","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of jobs, all kinds of industries that were looking for Georgia Tech graduates for industrial management, but not Jewish ones. He finally got a job with Atlanta Paper Company, which eventually became Mead Atlanta Paper Company. The owner of Atlanta Paper Company was Jewish. Harry stayed with them his entire working life. He retired from Mead Atlanta Paper Company. While at Mead Atlanta, he also moved around ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=11340.0,11370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/380","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"quite a bit. They—Harry, and Sarah, and the kids—moved to Amsterdam. They were in Holland for a couple of years. Then they came back to the States and they were in Massachusetts for several years. Then they moved back to Atlanta. That’s when she became sick. She was the first of our siblings to pass away. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=11370.0,11400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/381","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"She had multiple sclerosis and was not diagnosed early in the game. It was pretty advanced by the time they realized what it was that she had, but she lived till she was about sixty and then succumbed to the disease. Her three kids are: Tiel, whose daughter is getting married this weekend in Maine. Tiel ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=11400.0,11430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/382","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"lives up in New Hampshire; and Neil, who has two daughters and also lives up in New Hampshire; and Edward, who had been living in Atlanta for a while, went to Harvard Business School. He had been working for Coca-Cola of late. He is now the director of Coca-Cola for Canada. He lives in Toronto. I believe that pretty ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=11430.0,11460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/383","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"well covers the base of all the siblings. I think the five of us that survived made a difference. At least, I like to think that.                 ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=11460.0,11490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/384","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nLEAVEY:\tYou didn't tell the story about Michal wanting to have seven children, just like your mom, and how she wound up with eight instead. \nHIRSCH: My third child, Michal, had always ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=11490.0,11520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/385","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"made up her mind that she wanted to have seven children like my mother had. She had seven children. She, of course, got pregnant after having six, and low and behold, she had twins. Not just any twins—they were like seven pounds each. They are something else. The little boy is ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=11520.0,11550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/386","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"named after Rabbi, Reb Shach, who just recently passed away. His name is Hose Menachem Man Appelbaum, so I call him \"The Man!\" The girl is just Temimah.\nLEAVEY:\tThank you very much.\nHIRSCH: You are welcome. I'm gonna be repeating a little bit, but with ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=11550.0,11580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/387","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the success of the Holocaust\nexhibit in Expo--it turns out it was probably the most visited exhibition that\nExpo had--certain people at the Federation decided to go with the momentum, to\ncreate a permanent Holocaust exhibit, which would be the second part of what\nwould end up being a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=11580.0,11610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/388","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish heritage museum. The first part had been the\narchives, which had been funded by Erwin Zaban before. The Federation got AJCC\nto give us a space downstairs, which was slightly more than half of the space\nthat we had upstairs. That was quite a challenge to try and get everything in\nthere. We had to really cut out on the artifacts, cut out on the use of\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=11610.0,11640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/389","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"pictures. The space was opened. It was really quite successful, but the most\nsuccessful part of it really was that now it opened up to . . . a speaker's\nbureau that was an arm of the museum or vice versa--the museum was an arm of the\nspeakers' bureau. We opened up a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=11640.0,11670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/390","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"teacher's program to educate the teachers,\npublic school teachers, about the Holocaust and how to teach it. All of this was\nkind of spawned from all . . . We started with Expo, went all the way, and went\nto this second exhibit. The exhibit lasted there . . . for ten years. In the\nlocation that it was in, it did not get the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=11670.0,11700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/391","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"exposure that it would be getting in\nanother, in a better location, I think. Many groups did use it. Many schools did\nuse it and we had speakers. We had survivors speak to the groups. We had docents\nwho were trained to be docents for the exhibit. Then ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=11700.0,11730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/392","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as a result of this, when\nit came out the Federation was going to expand its facilities next door to the\nAJCC, then everybody agreed that . . . the Holocaust component should move\nthere, because nobody knew how long the AJCC was gonna be around. It was already\nfor sale. That became a part of the design ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=11730.0,11760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/393","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"criteria: that whatever was done in\nexpanding the Federation that there would be a museum component to it and, in\nthat museum component, there would also be the Holocaust component. Initially,\nthey were going to add one floor above the existing floor of the Federation\nbuilding that was on Peachtree. The space that was . . . allocated for the\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=11760.0,11790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/394","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"entire museum was smaller than what the Holocaust exhibit is today. We tried . .\n. I was involved as a critic you might say, because I was not the architect for\nthat. I did make an impassioned plea because I was one of the architects being\nconsidered, telling them I really wanted very much to be the one to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=11790.0,11820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/395","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"design the\nHolocaust exhibit. When it finally got around to being in the location that it\nis today, Steve Selig donated the IBM building to the Federation. That opened up\neverything because there was going to be so much more space available. Then they\nknew there was going to be a real museum ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=11820.0,11850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/396","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there. The Federation told . . . that\nthey wanted them to hire me to design the Holocaust exhibit itself. The other\npermanent exhibit, which is the created community exhibit, had already been at\nthe Atlanta History Center. It was just in storage, waiting for the museum to be\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=11850.0,11880.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/397","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"built. The museum was going to be built with two core exhibits plus the first\npart, which is the archives. So that was done. Today, we still think it's much\ntoo small . . . When it was being done, I spoke to the architects about not\nenough room being given to the office space and to the library space. Of course,\nnow we feel that pinch and wish we had the space, but . . . you can only put so\nmuch into a can of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=11880.0,11910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/398","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sardines. Only so many sardines will fit in. Hopefully, one\nday they will go along with the addition, which we have designed, which would\nloosen up the office space and give us a lot more activity. What we have now is\nwe have exceptional teaching programs. We have exceptional docent programs. We\nhave a speakers' bureau and we have ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=11910.0,11940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/399","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a whole education system on the Holocaust.\nAll of this is really based on the original kernel of an idea when Expo 85 was\ncreated . . .\n\nHIRSCH: One of the things that probably is important to talk about is my\nrelationship to Judaism, to observance of the religion, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=11940.0,11970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/400","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because when I came to\nthis country, I was as observant as I could remember. I used to daven every day\nand I used to wear a kippah all the time. I used to eat kosher and I used to\nkeep Shabbat. That's all I knew. As time went on and as I became one of the boys\nand wanted to be like everybody else was, things went by the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=11970.0,12000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/401","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"wayside. By the\ntime that I was 15, 16 years old, I was already no longer being Sabbath\nobservant in that I was working on Saturday. Probably by the time I was about\n17, 18, 19, I got away from keeping kosher. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=12000.0,12030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/402","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I found no problem with going out\nand seeing who could eat the most Krystal hamburgers at one time. I had no\nproblem with that. My brother, Asher, had a big problem with that, but I\npersonally had no problem with that. My brother, Jack, and I saw the world the\nsame way. We both agreed that religion was a divisive factor ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=12030.0,12060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/403","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the world and\nthat it had no part in our lives to speak of. Then I went into the army. While I\nwas in the army, the observant Christian soldiers would seek me out. There were\nother Jewish in the outfits, always, but they always sought me out for some\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=12060.0,12090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/404","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"reason, to ask me questions about Judaism. I was fairly knowledgeable about\nJudaism, but I also realized that there are a lot of things that they're asking\nme that I don't know the answers to. I wasn't about to let them know that I\ndidn't know the answers, so I faked it. But I knew that I faked it and I got to\nfeeling bad about it after a while. I said, \"You know . . .\" I got to thinking\nthat, \"Here ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=12090.0,12120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/405","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"my parents, brother, and sister were killed because they were Jews.\nAnd I'm giving up Judaism in a sense, at least the observant element of it,\nwithout even knowing what the hell I'm giving up,\" because I didn't know the\nanswers to all these questions. I could daven. I could lead the service and so\non like that, but that didn't mean anything. I didn't know what Judaism was all\nabout. I kind of made a vow to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=12120.0,12150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/406","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"myself when I was in the army. I said, \"You know\nthat when I get out of this mess, I'm going to start delving into Judaism to the\npoint that I'm gonna know what it is that it's all about. And that if I decide\nthat I want to give it up once I know what it is, then I feel that I have the\nright to do that. But I really don't feel that I have the right to do that until\nI know what it is I'm throwing away.\" That had a tremendous effect on me. When I\ngot out of the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=12150.0,12180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/407","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"army, I started to slowly--very slowly--going back toward\nobservance, mostly with an eye toward observing what it was all about--not\nobserving as far as observing ritual, but observing, seeing and living it. I\nrealized that the only way to find out what Judaism was about was to live it.\nSlowly but surely I went in that direction, to the point that when I got\nmarried, it was my decision to keep a kosher ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=12180.0,12210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/408","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"home. My wife would have gone\neither way. I said, \"No, we have to have a kosher home.\" By the time that I\nopened my office, which was in October of 1962 . . . I made the decision that I\nwas not going to work on Saturday anymore. I had made the decision that I didn't\nwant to work on Saturday anymore before ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=12210.0,12240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/409","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"then, when I was working in Heery and\nHeery, but I couldn't figure out how in the world I would walk in one day and\nsay, \"Hey George, I'm not gonna work on Saturday anymore because I'm a Jew.\"\nSomehow that didn't look like it was gonna work. So I waited. A year later, when\nI opened up my own office, I made the decision. From that point on, I never\nworked on Saturday again. The first time that I got a phone call from a client\non Friday night, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=12240.0,12270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/410","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I realized that I'm not gonna answer the phone on Saturday\nagain either, because you can't answer the phone and say, \"Well, look, this is\nmy Sabbath. I'm not gonna . . . I'm not working.\" \"You answered the damn\ntelephone, so give me the answer, what I want.\" I realized then that that wasn't\ngonna work either. One step at a time is the way it went. The thing about Jewish\nobservance is that the more that you become a part of it, the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=12270.0,12300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/411","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"more that you\ndelve in, that you act it out, the more it becomes a part of you. I'm not gonna\nsay I know what it's all about. I don't. I'm still not at the point where I can\ngive it up, but I know a lot more now. I'm convinced that traditional Judaism is\nreally what it's about. That's what we're supposed to be, that's what we're\nsupposed to do. The ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=12300.0,12330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/412","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"other thing I'm convinced about, though--which I'm afraid\nnot everybody else is--is that we are one people and there are many different\nways of approaching G-d, that what G-d wants from us is for us to be together,\nand not to fight each other. But that's never gonna happen. If you look back at\nthe history of Judaism, back to the time of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=12330.0,12360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/413","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Moses, there were only 20 percent of\nthe Jews at that time who went with Moses during the Exodus, when he left. The\nother 80 percent said, \"No, I know we have it bad here, but we're one of the\npeople, you know. That's us.\" They perished along during the plagues with . . .\nmost of them did. That's always been the way we were. There's always going to be\nparts of us that are going to go by the wayside, and be, and go ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=12360.0,12390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/414","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"elsewhere--not\nnecessarily disappear, but not be Jews anymore, because they choose not to be\nJews anymore. The other thing that I learned is that in the time of King\nSolomon, there were eleven million Jews because everybody thought that Judaism\nwas the thing to do. \"This is nice! Look, they got this Temple, man! What a neat\nplace! Yeah! I'm a part of it!\" Of those eleven million Jews, there were one\nmillion maybe, who were authentic Jews. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=12390.0,12420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/415","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's a lot. There were a million\nauthentic Jews then. The other ten million, when the Temple was destroyed, they\nleft and went somewhere else. That's fine, but at the very same time, there were\none million Chinese. You figure the math out. Now there are what? Two billion\nChinese? If everybody would have stayed together and been together all the time,\nlook at how many Jews there would have been today, but that's not the way it's\nmeant to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=12420.0,12450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/416","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"be. Apparently, we're always supposed to be a small group. That's the\nway it's gonna be, but we're supposed to be who we're supposed to be. That's\nwhat it's all about. There are always gonna be people who are gonna try and\ndestroy us until the time comes when it's not supposed to happen anymore, I\ndon't know what that's all about. Anyway, that's my . . . That probably leads\ninto, really, about my family. I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=12450.0,12480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/417","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have four children. Shoshana's my oldest--she\njust turned 40--and there's Adinah Chaya. Shoshana has five kids. Adinah has\nfour kids. She is now just getting in to start Mercer University to get her\npharmacy degree. Then there's my daughter, Michal, who lives in . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=12480.0,12510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/418","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Israel and\nhas eight children. Then there's Rafael, who lives in Atlanta and has three, so\nI've . . . Jackie and I have 20 grandchildren, which we are very proud of.\nEverybody is, to one degree or another, living an observant Jewish life, to some\ndegree. I think it makes them ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=12510.0,12540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/419","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"happy, so it makes me happy. I don't know. I know\nthat there are many survivors who felt that, having gone through what they went\nthrough in the Holocaust, and after having been brought up very steeply in\nJudaism, that they felt that G-d betrayed them, and they didn't want any part of\nwhatever this was that was Judaism. Many people left. Other ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=12540.0,12570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/420","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"people, many other\npeople became more observant. I'm reminded only of my good friend, Lola, when\nshe was trying to explain to me--this is when I was working on the Memorial--why\nshe doesn't believe in G-d. She says, \"You know, I got to synagogue and I go\nsometimes for the Shabbat, and sometimes I have Shabbat dinner and this, but I\ndon't believe in G-d. I do these things, but I don't believe in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=12570.0,12600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/421","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"G-d. And to\nprove to you I don't believe in G-d, I'll tell you.\" She says, \"When I first got\nout of the concentration camp,\" when she was freed from Bergen-Belsen, they gave\nher . . . the British came along there and they gave her sandwiches. She had a\nmeat sandwich and she had a cheese sandwich. She took them, and put them\ntogether, and she took a bite, and she looked up and said, \"See? Do me\nsomething!\" I said, \"Lola, that doesn't mean you don't believe in G-d. That\nmeans you're angry at G-d. And you have good reason to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=12600.0,12630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/422","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"be.\"\n\nLEAVEY: Is there anything that you could tell us about your older siblings,\nabout their lives here?\n\nHIRSCH: About their lives here in Atlanta?\n\nLEAVEY: Yes, or wherever they ended up.\n\nHIRSCH: When they were here or . . .\n\nLEAVEY: Yes, maybe just talk a little bit about them since they are no longer here.\n\nHIRSCH: Yes . . .\n\nLEAVEY: How he ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=12630.0,12660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/423","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ended up married . . . He went to California . . .\n\nHIRSCH: Right. The five of us came to Atlanta, but actually my two brothers came\nfirst. They were on the first escape, which I'm finding out now that there were\n300 kids from the south of France that were saved. We were very fortunate to\nhave been among those 300. Why we were selected, I don't know. To the best of my\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=12660.0,12690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/424","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"knowledge, the Quakers made the selection, the American Friends. They had all\nthe people to choose from, and they made the selection as to who should be the\nones to go. Which criteria they used, I don't know as of yet. I was supposed to\ngo with my brothers . . . They came, and when they came to America, they went to\nChicago . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=12690.0,12720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/425","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they came to Atlanta because my mother's cousin was there. They\nstayed with the Bergmann family when they got here. When I came with my sisters,\nwe were directly sent to Atlanta from New York. We didn't go to Chicago like\nAsher and Jack did. I stayed with the Bergmanns along with Jack and Asher. Flo\nand Sarah stayed with the Willoughby family for about a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=12720.0,12750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/426","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"year . . . At the time,\nI was nine. Jack's a year and a half older than me, so he was 10. Asher was\nabout 14, I think. Sarah was right in between. I think she was 12. Flo was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=12750.0,12780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/427","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"16 at\nthe time. We stayed with the Bergmanns for about a year. Then it was decided\nthat Jack should be on the one side of town and that I should be on the other\nside of town. I stayed with the Hirschbergs and Flo and Asher were also staying\nthere at the time. Stayed with them for a little while. Asher and Sarah went to\nstay with ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=12780.0,12810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/428","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Aunt Fanny Asmund on 6th Street. Henny Bernberry, who was another\nchild of the Holocaust who was living there, and several other children were\nliving there. Fanny had had and still had quite a few young children living with\nher. The Hirschbergs had the three of us. It ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=12810.0,12840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/429","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"turns out that I was more of a\nhellion than I'd like to think I was. In fact, to my knowledge, I think they had\n. . . the plans were to send me to military school. The reason that didn't work\nout was because I wasn't a citizen and they were afraid that there would be some\nkind of a security issue in that. Thank G-d that didn't work out, but ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=12840.0,12870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/430","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"instead .\n. . when Mrs. Hirschberg got ill and she was going to have an operation and she\ndidn't think she could take care of me after that. I went to stay at the\nUnger's--this was the same Unger on Emory Circle--for the summer of 1944. My\nsister Flo was there at that time, also. My brother Asher went to stay with Mrs.\nGunsher on Ormand Street. Jack and Sarah were still at the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=12870.0,12900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/431","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Asmund's. When Aunt\nFanny Asmund passed away, then Jack went to live with the Altermans--George and\nUrsula Alterman--who were somehow related to Mrs. Asmund. He became like part of\nthe family with them. It was really a neat situation. I remember I was kind of\nenvious of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=12900.0,12930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/432","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jack. He was driving around in George's convertible. Jack is a\nhardworking guy, and a real straightforward guy, and I thought that he had the\nworld by the tail at the time. Asher, shortly thereafter, moved to New York to\ngo to Yeshiva. Some people in Atlanta, they were interested in seeing him\ndevelop his Judaic learning. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=12930.0,12960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/433","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They footed the bill for him to go to New York and\nto go there to study to be a rabbi. They had also . . . very shortly thereafter,\nRabbi Mitzver wanted me to go to study to be . . . They used the ruse: they said\nthat I had a good voice, and that I was a great chazzan, and that I should\nbecome a chazzan, and that I should go to New York. I remember that I felt that\nI had moved around so much, trying to find a place where I felt that I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=12960.0,12990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/434","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"belonged,\nand I felt that I had friends here. I was enjoying myself here. I didn't have\nany reason why I would want to go to New York and to become a chazzan, so I\ndeclined on that one. Flo left a couple of years after that and she went to move\nto New York. Exactly what were the circumstances of her decision to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=12990.0,13020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/435","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"move to New\nYork, I really don't know. I wasn't privy to that. My sister Sarah got married\nvery young. She got married at 18. She was the first one of our siblings to get\nmarried. That was 1948. It was May 9, 1948. It was Mother's Day as well as the\nwedding. She was married to Harry Shartar. Until she passed away, she ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=13020.0,13050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/436","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was\nmarried to Harry. They had three children: Tiel, and Niel, and Edward. My\nbrother Asher was the next one to get married. When he was in the army in 1947\nwas when he found out what happened to our parents. While he was there also, he\nwent to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=13050.0,13080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/437","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"visit our father's cousin in Basel, Switzerland. He was Max Meyer, the\none who had ransomed him out of Buchenwald after Kristallnacht. Asher went to\nvisit him while he was there. One of Max Meyer's daughters, Henriette, his\noldest daughter whom Asher fell in love. They got married in 1949, even though\nshe was a second cousin. They ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=13080.0,13110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/438","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"had five children, and unfortunately three of\nthose children had a disease, which is said to be exclusively for Ashkenazi\nJews. It's called dysautonomia and those three children have since passed away.\nMayer was the oldest one when he passed away. He was 38. The youngest was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=13110.0,13140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/transcript/21091/annotation/439","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Eli. I\nthink he was 19 when he passed away. Samson Rafael was about 21 or so when he\npassed away. It's very sad to lose three out of five of your children to a\ndebilitating disease like that. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=13140.0,13170.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/annotation_set/275","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Annotations [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/annotation_set/275/annotation/440","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAdolf Hitler (1889-1945) was a German politician who was the leader of the Nazi Party, Chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945, and Führer (“leader”) of Nazi Germany from 1934 to 1945. As dictator of Nazi Germany, he initiated World War II in Europe with the invasion of Poland in September 1939 and was a central figure of the Holocaust.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=60.0,90.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/annotation_set/275/annotation/441","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIn the years between 1933 and 1939, Nazi Party leaders began to persecute Jews through a series of antisemitic legislation that included more than 400 decrees and regulations restricting all aspects of their public and private lives. The anti-Jewish policies brought radical and daunting social, economic, and communal change to the German Jewish community. Germans also began boycotting Jewish businesses in 1933 and Jews were soon effectively expelled from almost all professions and commercial life.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=60.0,90.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/annotation_set/275/annotation/442","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIn Germany, the Nuremberg Laws of 1935 were passed on November 15, 1935. The Nazi’s racial laws were a set of policies and laws implemented by Nazi Germany, asserting the superiority of the “Aryan race,” and based on a specific racist doctrine that claimed scientific legitimacy. These policies targeted Jews, Gypsies, homosexuals, handicapped people, and others who were labeled as inferior in a racial hierarchy to the “master race” of Germans. They included the Law for the Protection of German Blood and German Honor, prohibiting marriages and sexual relations between Jews and Germans, and the Reich\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=150.0,180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/annotation_set/275/annotation/443","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOn November 8 and 9, 1938, the Nazis started a state-sponsored nationwide pogrom. Across the country (and in Austria) Jewish synagogues, homes and businesses were looted and burned, Jews were attacked on the streets and 91 were killed. The pogrom was called ‘Kristallnacht,’ which means ‘Night of Broken Glass,’ because of all the damage done to Jewish shop windows.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=180.0,210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/annotation_set/275/annotation/444","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSynagogue Friedberger Anlage was Frankfurt, Germany’s largest synagogue and could seat 1,600 people. It was dedicated in 1907 and belonged to the Orthodox community. It was destroyed during Kristallnacht, in November 1938. The main building contained a tall barrel vault space, built in the reform architecture style. In front of the main building was an atrium with two large portals. In 1942, a bunker was built on the site, which still exists today and is marked by a memorial.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=210.0,240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/annotation_set/275/annotation/445","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Aron Kodesh [Hebrew: Holy Ark; also sometimes called the “Torah Ark”] is the holiest place in the synagogue and where the Torah scrolls are kept when not in use. The Aron Kodesh is situated in the front of the synagogue and is usually an ornate curtained-off cabinet or section of the synagogue built along the wall that most closely faced Jerusalem, the direction Jews face when praying.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=270.0,300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/annotation_set/275/annotation/446","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA Torah scroll [Hebrew: Sefer Torah] is the holiest book within Judaism, made up of the five books of Moses. It is hand-written by a pious scribe in the original Hebrew and must meet extremely strict standards of production. It is rolled up around two ornate wooden shafts, attached to either end of the scroll. Torah scrolls are routinely read aloud in all synagogues and are a core representation of Judaism itself. The desecration of Torah scrolls and other holy artifacts was one method of humiliation and abuse employed by the Nazis.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=270.0,300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/annotation_set/275/annotation/447","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThousands of German Jews and close to 6,000 Austrian Jews were arrested after Kristallnacht and deported to the Dachau or Buchenwald concentration camps in Germany.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=450.0,480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/annotation_set/275/annotation/448","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e‘Kindertransport’ is the name given to a series of rescue missions that assisted Jewish children in leaving Nazi-occupied Europe.  The United Kingdom took in nearly 10,000 predominantly Jewish children from Nazi Germany and the occupied territories of Austria, and ex-Czechoslovakia.  The children were placed in British foster homes, hostels, and on farms.  Some transports were organized by Oeuvre de Secours aux Enfants (OSE) in France where German-Jewish children were put up in a series of OSE children’s homes. Beginning in March 1939, several transports brought children from Vienna, Berlin, Frankfurt and other places in Germany to France. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=480.0,510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/annotation_set/275/annotation/449","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGermany attacked France, Belgium, and the Netherlands on May 10, 1940. The campaign lasted less than six weeks. Paris, the French capital, fell to the Germans on June 14, 1940. Germany occupied northern France and all of France's Atlantic coastline down to the border with Spain. A new French government was established in the unoccupied southern part of France.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=630.0,660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/annotation_set/275/annotation/450","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAfter the German invasion of France, efforts were made by various groups to hide Jewish children. Wherever possible, efforts were made to send them on to safety in other countries such as Switzerland and the United States. One of the most active organizations in this effort was Oeuvre de Secours aux Enfants [French: Children’s Relief Work, or OSE], a French Jewish humanitarian organization that saved hundreds of refugee children during World War II. OSE is a worldwide Jewish organization for health care and children's welfare. It was founded in Russia in 1912 and transferred to France in 1933. OSE gave assistance to children and adults in as many as fifteen towns and the internment camps in southern France. After the German movement into southern France, OSE went underground but continued to hide children and transfer them to Switzerland when that was possible. Overall, it was possible for OSE to rescue more than 5,000 children. Some of the children were French but many were refugees that had come from Germany, Belgium, Austria, Poland and other European countries. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=630.0,660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/annotation_set/275/annotation/451","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOrthodox Judaism is a traditional branch of Judaism that strictly follows the Written Torah and the Oral Law concerning prayer, dress, food, sex, family relations, social behavior, the Sabbath day, holidays and more.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=660.0,690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/annotation_set/275/annotation/452","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eVilla Helvetia is large home in Montmorency, France that was used by the Oeuvre de Secours aux Enfants [French: Children’s Relief Work, or OSE] to house Jewish children.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=660.0,690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/annotation_set/275/annotation/453","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe first Oeuvre de Secours aux Enfants [French: Children’s Relief Work, or OSE] home was in Montmorency, a town located 15.3 km (9.5 mi) north of the center of Paris.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=660.0,690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/annotation_set/275/annotation/454","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eErnst Papanek (1900-1973) was an Austrian-born child psychologist and educator known for his work with refugee children during and after World War II and for his involvement in socialist parties in Europe and the United States. After the Social-Democrat party was banned in 1934, Dr. Papanek left Austria for Spain. In 1937, Dr. Papanek, his wife and their two children opened a summer camp in France. He served as the General Director of the Oeuvre de Secours aux Enfants [French: Children’s Relief Work, or OSE] in France from 1938-1940. Under the threat of imminent arrest, the family escaped France in the summer of 1940. They settled in New York, where Dr. Papanek continued his work in child welfare and became a professor as Queens College.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=780.0,810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/annotation_set/275/annotation/455","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eKosher/Kashrut is the set of Jewish dietary laws. Food that may be consumed according to halakhah (Jewish law) is termed ‘kosher’ in English. Kosher refers to Jewish laws that dictate how food is prepared or served and which kinds of foods or animals can be eaten.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=780.0,810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/annotation_set/275/annotation/456","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eChateau de Masgelier is a medieval castle built in 1174 in Le Grand-Bourg—a small village in central France’s Creuse region—which was used by the Oeuvre de Secours aux Enfants [French: Children’s Relief Work, or OSE] to house Jewish children.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=810.0,840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/annotation_set/275/annotation/457","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCreuse is a department (administrative region) in central France, approximately 340 kilometers (211 miles) south of Paris.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=810.0,840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/annotation_set/275/annotation/458","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWhen the Germans occupied France, the 144 children the OSE had already hidden in a series of homes across France were smuggled out of France, in two separate transports, into Portugal where they caught a ship to the United States. The first transport left on June 21, 1941 and the second on September 1, 1941. Altogether the OSE sheltered and assisted in getting nearly 1,600 Jewish children out Nazi-occupied areas.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=1020.0,1050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/annotation_set/275/annotation/459","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJack and Asher Hisrch escaped from Europe in a group of 111 children, who left the Marseilles train station at the end of May 1941. From France, the children traveled to Portugal by way of Spain. In Lisbon they boarded the SS Mouzinho, which sailed on June 10, 1941 and arrived in New York on June 21, 1941.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=1110.0,1140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/annotation_set/275/annotation/460","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBrout-Vernet [French: Broût-Vernet] is a small town in central France, around 15 kilometers (9 miles) northwest of the city of Vichy.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=1140.0,1170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/annotation_set/275/annotation/461","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eChateau des Morelles [French: Château des Morelles] is a nineteenth century home built near Broût-Vernet, France. Rabbi Zalman Schneerson was the head of the Paris de l'Association des Israélites Pratiquants [French: the Paris Association of Jewish Practitioners, or AIP]. In cooperation with the Oeuvre de Secours aux Enfants (OSE), he opened Château des Morelles as a home for Jewish children. During the war, it housed 340 children—as many as 100 at once. The children slept in at least four dormitories—two for the girls and two for the boys. One report calculates that some 340 children stayed at the castle between 1939 and 1944. On November 2, 1943, the steward was arrested and, along with his two young children, deported to Auschwitz-Birkenau. The staff then decided to disperse and hide the rest of the children. Most survived the war. The home officially closed February 4, 1944.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=1140.0,1170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/annotation_set/275/annotation/462","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe S.S. Mouzinho was built in Kiel, Germany in 1907 for the Hamburg America Line and was originally named the Guglielmo Pierce. She changed owners and names several times before being acquired by the Companhia Colonial de Navegacao of Portugal in 1930 and renamed the Mouzinho. The S.S. Mouzinho was sold to Italian shipbreakers in December 1954. The S.S. Mouzinho set sail from Lisbon, Spain on August 20, 1941 with 625 passengers on board, 611 of whom were immigrants. Flora, Ben and Gustl (Sarah) are shown on the ship’s manifest as having their passage paid for by USCOM and as charges of the United States Committee of protection of European children NYC.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=1380.0,1410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/annotation_set/275/annotation/463","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe passenger manifest for the SS Mouzinho shows Werner Spiegel—a nineteen-year-old German Jew—was aboard with his father, Albert, mother, Amelie, and sister, Marianne.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=1410.0,1440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/annotation_set/275/annotation/464","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFlora, Sarah, and Ben Hirsch arrived in New York on September 2, 1941.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=1680.0,1710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/annotation_set/275/annotation/465","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTwo Portuguese men were recorded on the ship’s manifest as stowaways who were then “held for special inquiry upon arrival.”\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=1710.0,1740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/annotation_set/275/annotation/466","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe “One Thousand Children” or “OTC” refers to over 1,400 Jewish children who were rescued from Nazi Germany and Nazi-occupied or threatened European countries, and came directly to the United States between 1934 and 1945. The rescue efforts in the United States were strictly non-governmental. The children were rescued through the organized efforts of private American citizens and organizations in the US and Europe. The organization One Thousand Children, Inc., was incorporated in 2000. OTC’s first annual reunion and conference was held June 30-July 2, 2002 in Chicago, Illinois.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=1770.0,1800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/annotation_set/275/annotation/467","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePopularly known as ‘FDR,’ Franklin Delano Roosevelt (1882-1945) was the 32nd President of the United States and a central figure in world events during the mid-twentieth century, leading the United States through a time of worldwide economic crisis and war. FDR was an avid horse rider and enjoyed an active early life. He was diagnosed with infantile paralysis, better known as polio, in 1921, at the age of 39. Despite permanent paralysis from the waist down, he was careful never to be seen using his wheelchair in public, and great care was taken to prevent any portrayal in the press that would highlight his disability. He died just a few months before the end of the war.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=1830.0,1860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/annotation_set/275/annotation/468","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOne of the prevailing misconceptions among waves of eager immigrants to the United States during the nineteenth and early twentieth century was that it was an easy place to get rich. Idioms about money growing on trees and streets paved with gold were common expectations among immigrants seeking greater economic opportunity than could be found in war-ravaged Europe.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=1830.0,1860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/annotation_set/275/annotation/469","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe first small group of OTC children arrived in New York in November 1934. This and subsequent small groups, totaling about 100 annually in the early years of operation, were taken to foster homes, many of which had been arranged through appeals to the members of congregations and organizations. After New York City, Chicago had one of the largest Jewish communities in the United States in the 1930’s. Many OTC children were sent to Chicago, either because they had family there or because more Jewish foster homes were available there.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=1950.0,1980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/annotation_set/275/annotation/470","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBar mitzvah [Hebrew: ‘son of commandment’] is a rite of passage for Jewish boys aged 13 years and one day. At that time, a Jewish boy is considered a responsible adult for most religious purposes. He is now duty bound to keep the commandments, he puts on tefillin, and may be counted to the minyan quorum for public worship. He celebrates the bar mitzvah by being called up to the reading of the Torah in the synagogue, usually on the next available Sabbath after his Hebrew birthday. Tefillin, also called ‘phylacteries’ are a set of small black leather boxes containing scrolls of parchment inscribed with verses from the Torah, which are worn by observant Jews during weekday morning prayers. They are worn around the arm, hand and fingers and on the forehead. The Torah commands that they should be worn as a “sign” and “remembrance” that G-d brought the children of Israel out of Egypt.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=2010.0,2040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/annotation_set/275/annotation/471","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRome, Georgia, is a city located in the foothills of the Appalachian Mountains, approximately 70 miles (112 kilometers) northwest of Atlanta.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=2010.0,2040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/annotation_set/275/annotation/472","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSelig Sigmund Auerbach (1906-1997) was a Conservative Rabbi born in Hamburg, Germany. Selig, his wife Hilde, and daughter Chana left Germany after Kristallnacht and came to the United States in 1941, where he took a temporary position in a small synagogue in Rome, Georgia. Two more daughters were born in the US. Rabbi Auerbach served as a chaplain in the army during World War II and accepted various positions as a rabbi throughout the US before retiring to Rochester, New York.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=2040.0,2070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/annotation_set/275/annotation/473","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Jewish Federation of Greater Atlanta raises funds, which are dispersed throughout the Jewish community.  Services also include caring for Jews in need locally and around the world, community outreach, leadership development, and educational opportunities. It is part of the Jewish Federation of North America (JFNA).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=2070.0,2100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/annotation_set/275/annotation/474","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Hirsch siblings settled in Atlanta under the sponsorship of the Jewish Children’s Service, an organization under the umbrella of the Jewish Welfare Board.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=2100.0,2130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/annotation_set/275/annotation/475","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJewish men cover their heads during prayer with a small skull-cap called a ‘yarmulke’ or ‘kippah.’  Orthodox Jewish men wear it at all times to remind themselves of G-d’s presence.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=2340.0,2370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/annotation_set/275/annotation/476","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGoy [plural: goyem] is a Yiddish term meaning “people” or “nation.” In common usage, it designates a non-Jewish or Gentile person.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=2670.0,2700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/annotation_set/275/annotation/477","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Hebrew Orphans’ Home was located at 478 Washington Street in Atlanta, Georgia. The residence facility was open from 1876 to 1930. It was originally called the Hebrew Orphans’ Asylum and was originally an actual orphanage. In 1901, the name was changed to the Hebrew Orphans’ Home. Then its services phased into placing children in foster home care and helping with adoptions instead of an actual orphans' home, during which time it was called the Jewish Family and Children's Bureau (and another variation—Jewish Children's Services). Finally it got out of the children's institutional care business entirely. In 1988, the organization’s mission changed and it became the Jewish Educational Loan Fund (JELF) with the goal of providing low-interest post-secondary education loans for Jewish students.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=2970.0,3000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/annotation_set/275/annotation/478","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Fox Theatre is located on Peachtree Street in Midtown Atlanta. The theater was originally planned as part of a large Shrine Temple as evidenced by its Moorish design. The theater was ultimately developed as a lavish movie palace, opening in 1929.  The auditorium replicates an Arabian courtyard under a night sky of flickering stars and drifting clouds. The Fox Theatre now hosts cultural and artistic events, and concerts by popular artists.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=2970.0,3000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/annotation_set/275/annotation/479","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eShabbat (Hebrew) or Shabbos (Yiddish) is the Jewish day of rest and is observed on Saturdays.  Shabbat observance entails refraining from work activities, often with great rigor, and engaging in restful activities to honor the day. According to Jewish laws, driving on the Sabbath is not allowed. Orthodoxy generally prohibits driving altogether, but some Conservative congregations make exceptions for attending synagogue.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=2970.0,3000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/annotation_set/275/annotation/480","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEmory University is a private university in Atlanta. It was founded in 1836 by a small group of Methodists and named in honor of Methodist bishop John Emory. Today it has nearly 3,000 faculty members and is ranked 20th among national universities in U.S. News \u0026amp; World Report’s 2014 rankings.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=3000.0,3030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/annotation_set/275/annotation/481","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Mayfair Club opened in 1938 at 1456 Spring Street in Midtown Atlanta. The two-story club was a focal point of Jewish life in the city for more than 25 years. The club was founded in 1930 and first met at the Biltmore Hotel. Eleanor Roosevelt, Israeli Prime Minister Golda Meir, mayors Ivan Allen and William Berry Hartsfield, senators Herman Talmadge and Richard Russell, and Governor Carl Sanders visited the club. Fire destroyed the Mayfair Club on December 4, 1964.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=3120.0,3150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/annotation_set/275/annotation/482","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGold’s Delicatessen was a kosher delicatessen opened at 108 Decatur Street in Atlanta, Georgia by Russian immigrants, Solomon Jacob Gold and his wife, Katie. They opened a second location at 432 Ponce de Leon in 1936. The couple had five children—Rosa, Dora, Aster, Dillie, and Jacob—who all worked at the deli.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=3300.0,3330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/annotation_set/275/annotation/483","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eYeshiva (Hebrew for “sitting”) is a Jewish educational institution for religious instruction that is equivalent to high school. It also refers to a Talmudic college for unmarried male students from their teenage years to their early twenties. Yeshiva University was founded in 1886 in New York City, New York. It is the oldest institution of higher learning in the United States that combines Jewish scholarship with studies in the liberal arts, sciences, medicine, law, business, social work, Jewish studies, education, and psychology.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=3390.0,3420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/annotation_set/275/annotation/484","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFounded in 1904, Shearith Israel began as a congregation that met in the homes of congregants until 1906 when they began using a Methodist church on Hunter Street. After World War II, Rabbi Tobias Geffen moved the congregation to University Drive, where it became the first synagogue in DeKalb County. They officially became affiliated with the Conservative movement in 2002.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=3540.0,3570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/annotation_set/275/annotation/485","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Atlanta Boys Club Inc. was established on 314 Washington Street to address a growing trend of youth delinquency in the South Atlanta area. In 1956, it changed its name to the Metropolitan Atlanta Boys Club to reflect its growing metropolitan reach.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=3540.0,3570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/annotation_set/275/annotation/486","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Golden Gloves is the name given to annual competitions for amateur boxing in the United States, where a small pair of golden boxing gloves are awarded.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=3600.0,3630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/annotation_set/275/annotation/487","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOzark Ike was a newspaper comic strip created by Rufus A. \"Ray\" Gotto. It ran as a syndicate from 1945 until 1959. Ozark Ike McBatt, was a dumb but likeable youth from a rural area in the mountains who excelled in sports.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=3900.0,3930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/annotation_set/275/annotation/488","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eVictory gardens, also called war gardens or food gardens for defense, were vegetable, fruit, and herb gardens planted at private residences and public parks in the United States, United Kingdom, Canada, Australia and Germany during World War I and World War II.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=4110.0,4140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/annotation_set/275/annotation/489","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe International Committee of the Red Cross (“Red Cross”) is a humanitarian institution based in Geneva, Switzerland. In 1943, the British Red Cross set up a registration and tracing service for missing persons that was formalized in 1944 as the Central Tracing Bureau. By 1948, the bureau was in Bad Arolsen, Germany and the name was changed to its current International Tracing Service.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=4830.0,4860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/annotation_set/275/annotation/490","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAccording to a list of Jewish victims from the book \"Victims of the Persecution of Jews under the National Socialist Tyranny in Germany 1933—1945\" prepared by the German Federal Archives and available from Yad Vashem, Mathilde Hirsch was deported to Raasiku, Estonia on September 24-26, 1942. Records for Roseline and Werner have not been located, but it is likely they were deported with their mother.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=4890.0,4920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/annotation_set/275/annotation/491","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSachsenhausen was established as the principal concentration camp for the Berlin area in Germany. It was located near Oranienburg, Germany. When the camp was opened in 1936, it housed mainly political opponents, criminal offenders, homosexuals, Jehovah’s Witnesses and other “asocials” such as Roma and Sinti and, later, Soviet civilians. The camp ultimately included more than 40 sub-camps concentrated around the armaments industries of northern Germany. Prisoners were forced to perform hard labor. SS doctors conducted medical experiments on prisoners and a gallows, shooting gallery, and gas chamber allowed the SS to directly kill prisoners in Sachsenhausen. The number of Jewish prisoners varied over the course of the camp’s existence, but most Jewish prisoners were deported from Sachsenhausen to other concentration camps, most often Auschwitz-Birkenau. Soviet forces liberated the camp on April 22, 1945. According to one witness’ account available from Yad Vashem, Hermann Hirsch died in Oranienberg on November 5, 1942.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=4890.0,4920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/annotation_set/275/annotation/492","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAuschwitz-Birkenau was a network of camps built and operated by Germany just outside the Polish town of Oswiecem (renamed ‘Auschwitz’ by the Germans) in Polish areas annexed by Germany during World War II. It is estimated that the SS and police deported at a minimum 1.3 million people (approximately 1.1 million of which were Jews) to the Auschwitz-Birkenau complex between 1940 and 1945. Camp authorities murdered 1.1 million of these prisoners.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=4920.0,4950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/annotation_set/275/annotation/493","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRabbi Hyman R. Friedman (1913-2000) served the congregation at Shearith Israel from 1945 to 1952.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=4950.0,4980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/annotation_set/275/annotation/494","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eShiva, literally “seven,” is the weeklong mourning period in Judaism for first-degree relatives: father, mother, son, daughter, brother, sister and spouse. The ritual is referred to as “sitting shiva.” Immediately after burial, first-degree relatives assume the status of “mourner.” This state lasts for seven days, during which the family members traditionally gather in one home and receive visitors.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=4980.0,5010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/annotation_set/275/annotation/495","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Hidden Child Foundation was established in 1991 and held its first meeting in New York City, New York. Members are former children who survived the Holocaust by hiding, either physically or under assumed identities.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=5100.0,5130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/annotation_set/275/annotation/496","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe chazzan (cantor) is the official in charge of music or chants and leads liturgical prayer and chanting in the synagogue.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=5310.0,5340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/annotation_set/275/annotation/497","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Servicemen's Readjustment Act of 1944, also known as the ‘G.I. Bill,’ was a law that provided a range of benefits for returning World War II veterans. It provides low-cost mortgages, low-interest loans to start a business, as well as educational assistance to service members, veterans, and their dependents.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=5820.0,5850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/annotation_set/275/annotation/498","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Korean War began when North Korean forces invaded South Korea on June 25, 1950. American troops entered the war in defense of the Republic of Korea to the south against the Soviet-backed Democratic People’s Republic of Korea to the north. Fighting ended on July 27, 1953, when an armistice agreement was signed maintaining a border between the Koreas near the 38th Parallel and creating the Korean Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) between the two Korean nations that still exists today.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=5820.0,5850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/annotation_set/275/annotation/499","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEstablished as Camp Chaffee in 1941 in western Arkansas, adjacent to the city of Fort Smith, it was renamed to Fort Chaffee in 1956. Fort Chaffee has served as a United States Army base, training camp, prisoner-of-war camp, and refugee camp. The base was closed in 1995 and became Fort Chaffee Maneuver Training Center, an Army National Guard installation.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=6000.0,6030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/annotation_set/275/annotation/500","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFort Lewis is a United States military facility located 9.1 miles (14.6 km) south- southwest of Tacoma, Washington. In 2010, it merged with the United States Air Force’s McChord Air Force Base. Joint Base Lewis-McChord is now a training and mobilization center for all services.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=6000.0,6030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/annotation_set/275/annotation/501","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDavening is the act of reciting Jewish liturgical prayers during which the prayer sways or rocks lightly.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=6090.0,6120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/annotation_set/275/annotation/502","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBenjamin Hirsch is the author of two autobiographical books: Hearing a Different Drummer:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA Holocaust Survivor's Search for Identity (published in 2000) and Home Is Where You Find It (published in 2006).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=6120.0,6150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/annotation_set/275/annotation/503","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePaul M. “P.M.” Heffernan (1911-1987) completed his master’s degree in architecture at Harvard University in 1935 and joined the Georgia Institute of Technology faculty in 1938. Heffernan designed several campus buildings before taking over as director of the School of Architecture in 1956.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=6210.0,6240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/annotation_set/275/annotation/504","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEmanuel Feldman (b. 1927) is an Orthodox rabbi and Rabbi Emeritus of Congregation Beth Jacob of Atlanta, Georgia. He was born to a family of Orthodox rabbis dating back more than seven generations. During his nearly 40 years at Beth Jacob beginning in 1952, he nurtured the growth of Atlanta’s Orthodox community from a city with two small Orthodox synagogues to a community large enough to support Jewish day schools, yeshivas, girls’ schools and a kollel. In 1991, his son, Rabbi Ilan Feldman, succeeded him.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=6240.0,6270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/annotation_set/275/annotation/505","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBeth Jacob is an Orthodox synagogue on LaVista Road in Atlanta founded in 1942 by former members of Ahavath Achim who were looking for a more Orthodox congregation. Beth Jacob is now Atlanta’s largest Orthodox congregation. The first location was a converted house on Boulevard.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=6240.0,6270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/annotation_set/275/annotation/506","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eArthur Franklin Beckum (died 1990) was a native of Wrens, Georgia and was on the Georgia Tech faculty from 1955 until 1990. After serving in the army during World War II, Beckum began his association obtained both his B. S. (1950) and bachelor's degree in architecture (1952) from Georgia Tech. He later earned a master's degree in fine arts from Princeton University. Beckum returned to Tech in 1955 as a professor and was on the faculty there until his death.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=6330.0,6360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/annotation_set/275/annotation/507","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBeit HaMikdash [Hebrew: the sanctified house] refers to the Temple in Jerusalem.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=6330.0,6360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/annotation_set/275/annotation/508","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEternal Life-Hemshech is an organization of Atlanta Holocaust survivors, their descendants and friends dedicated to commemorating the 6,000,000 Jewish victims of the Holocaust. Approximately 100 Holocaust survivors living in Atlanta, Georgia founded Eternal Life-Hemshech in 1964. Hemshech is a Hebrew word that means “continuation.” Their purpose was to \"perpetuate the memory of their beloved families along with all of the six million Jewish victims of the Holocaust.\" The group wanted the memorial to serve as a place to say Kaddish, the Jewish prayer for the dead. The committee was comprised Abraham Gastfiend, Mala Gastfiend, Gaston Nitka, Rubin Lansky, and Rubin Pichulik. Dr. Leon Rosen served as chairman and Lola Lansky and Nathan Bromberg were co- chairs.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=6420.0,6450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/annotation_set/275/annotation/509","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eInitially, the Eternal Life-Hemshech planned for a monument in the form of an inscribed marble slab. Architect Benjamin Hirsch proposed the more substantial design that exists today. It is an open-air structure composed of four L-shaped walls of varying heights made from granite blocks. The walls interlock to form a single \"interior\" space. In the center of the space are six white torches, which rise above the walls and are lit during special ceremonies represent the six million Jews killed in the Holocaust. The torches rise from a black granite coffin that contains the ashes of an unknown victim from the concentration camp at Dachau, Germany. Memorial bronze plaques and stone markers are located throughout the monument. The Memorial to the Six Million was dedicated on April 25, 1965 in Greenwood Cemetery in Atlanta, Georgia. It was the second Holocaust memorial to be built in the United States. Hirsch’s creation won a national design award in 1968. The memorial was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on April 21, 2008.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=6450.0,6480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/annotation_set/275/annotation/510","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eKnown today as The Marcus Jewish Community Center of Atlanta (MJCCA), MJCCA has served the Atlanta Jewish community for over 100 years. The Atlanta Jewish Community Center (AJCC) on Peachtree Road in Midtown preceded it. MJCCA is the primary Jewish community center in Atlanta. It is located in Dunwoody, north of the city, and offers family-centric programs and events with programs, events, and classes that enrich the quality of family life. Their programs include preschool, camping, fitness and sports, Jewish life and learning, arts and culture and social and educational programs. It was named in honor of Bernard Marcus, one of the co-founders of Home Depot, who gave a major gift to the capital campaign.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=6450.0,6480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/annotation_set/275/annotation/511","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHemshech's 1965 financial report states that the completed monument cost $11,000. This included $2,400 for the small plot of land, $7,924.21 for construction, and $440 for landscaping. Funds for the memorial were raised entirely within the Holocaust survivor community in Atlanta.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=6720.0,6750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/annotation_set/275/annotation/512","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFounded in 1945, the Atlanta Bureau of Jewish Education was created to coordinate Jewish education efforts in the local community. Hans Erman, a German Holocaust survivor born in 1914, served as its Executive Director from 1963-1969.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=6810.0,6840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/annotation_set/275/annotation/513","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Anti-Defamation League (ADL) is an international Jewish non-governmental organization based in the United States. The ADL was founded in 1913 \"to stop the defamation of the Jewish people and to secure justice and fair treatment to all.\" Today, the ADL describes itself as \"the nation's premier civil rights/human relations agency.\"\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=6930.0,6960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/annotation_set/275/annotation/514","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLola Borkowska Lansky (1926-1999) was a Polish Jew who survived the concentration camps of Auschwitz-Birkenau, Ravensbruck, Buchenwald, and Bergen-Belsen. In 1964, she co-founded Eternal Life-Hemshech, a membership organization for survivors living in Atlanta, and in 1965 led the campaign to have a Holocaust monument erected in Atlanta. Her efforts resulted in the Memorial to the Six Million at Greenwood Cemetery.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=6960.0,6990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/annotation_set/275/annotation/515","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCantor Isaac Goodfriend (1924-2009) served at Ahavath Achim in Atlanta from 1966 until his retirement in 1995 as Cantor Emeritus. Cantor Goodfriend was born into a Hassidic family in Poland. At the age of 16, he was interned in a German labor camp in Piotrkow, Poland. Escaping in 1944, he was hidden by a Polish farmer and was the only member of his family to survive the war. After the war, he attended the Berlin Conservatory of Music, McGill Conservatory of Music in Montreal, Conservatoire Provincial de Quebec, and later in Ohio at the Music School Settlement and Baldwin Wallace College. Before coming to Atlanta he served as cantor at Shaare Zion in Montreal, Canada in 1952, and later at Cleveland, Ohio’s Community Temple.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=6960.0,6990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/annotation_set/275/annotation/516","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCamp Barney Medintz is an overnight Jewish summer camp near Cleveland, Georgia in the North Georgia mountains. It was founded in 1963 and named in honor of Barney Medintz, a prominent Jewish leader in Atlanta, who died in 1960.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=7050.0,7080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/annotation_set/275/annotation/517","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eNative Atlantan, philanthropist and community leader Erwin Zaban (1921-2010) was known by many as the ‘Godfather of the Jewish Community.’ After quitting school to help in his father’s Depression-era business at age 15, Zaban built successful businesses worth billions of dollars and donated millions to worthy causes. He worked alongside his parents to build Zep Manufacturing Company. Zep later merged with National Linen and became National Service Industries, a Fortune 500 Company. He donated and raised money for undeveloped land in Dunwoody that became Zaban Park, home of the Marcus Jewish Community Center of Atlanta. He donated money to the Jewish Home, for which the Zaban Tower is named. He helped create the homeless couples’ shelter at The Temple which bears his name.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=7080.0,7110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/annotation_set/275/annotation/518","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA hyperbolic paraboloid is an infinite three-dimensional surface that is shaped like a horse saddle. More about the Doris Zaban Chapel can be found at http://benjaminhirsch.com/architecture_268.html.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=7170.0,7200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/annotation_set/275/annotation/519","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOr VeShalom was established by refugees of the Ottoman Empire, namely from Turkey and the Isle of Rhodes.  The Sephardic/Traditional congregation began in 1920 and was based at Central and Woodward Avenues until 1948 when it moved to a larger building on North Highland Road. The current building for Or VeShalom is on North Druid Hills Road.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=7320.0,7350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/annotation_set/275/annotation/520","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWarren M. Epstein graduated from Georgia Tech. He was involved with the design of Or VeShalom, Atlanta’s first Sephardic Jewish synagogue, in the 1960’s. For a short time he was in practice with Benjamin Hirsch in the firm of Epstein and Hirsch. He and Kyle Epstein opened the architecture firm of Warren Epstein \u0026amp; Associates in 1978.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=7350.0,7380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/annotation_set/275/annotation/521","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRabbi Robert Ichay (1929-2012) led Or VeShalom for 33 years.  Upon retirement he was named Rabbi Emeritus.  While leading Or VeShalom, Rabbi Ichay helped grow the congregation to more than 500 families, up from less than 200.  He also helped lead the congregation into a new building in 1971, less than two years after he arrived in 1969.  He was born in Tunisia and educated in England and Zimbabwe.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=7440.0,7470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/annotation_set/275/annotation/522","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJames Carl Wise (1904-1988) was an American architect who graduated from Georgia Tech. In 1951, he formed a partnership with William M. Simpson and Hobert W. Aiken. The firm was incorporated in Atlanta, Georgia in January 1959 as Wise Simpson \u0026amp; Aiken, Architects. The firm’s projects focused on commercial and government buildings.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=7680.0,7710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/annotation_set/275/annotation/523","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRosh Ha-Shanah [Hebrew: head of the year; i.e. New Year festival] begins the cycle of High Holy Days. It introduces the Ten Days of Penitence, when Jews examine their souls and take stock of their actions. On the tenth day is Yom Kippur, the Day of Atonement. The tradition is that on Rosh Ha-Shanah, G-d sits in judgment on humanity. Then the fate of every living creature is inscribed in the Book of Life or Death. Prayer and repentance before the sealing of the books on Yom Kippur may revoke these decisions.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=7920.0,7950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/annotation_set/275/annotation/524","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe American Soviet Jewry Movement was a human rights campaign that advocated for the right of Jews in the Soviet Union to emigrate. A protest movement on behalf of Soviet Jewry spread throughout the United States during the 1960’s and 1970’s in response to the closure of synagogues, imprisonment and execution of Jewish leaders, and antisemitism experienced by Soviet Jews. When Soviet performers visited the United States, Jewish pickets demanding rights for Soviet Jews often greeted them.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=8520.0,8550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/annotation_set/275/annotation/525","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Bolshoi Ballet is an internationally renowned classical ballet company founded in 1776 and based at the Bolshoi Theatre in Moscow, Russian Federation.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=8580.0,8610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/annotation_set/275/annotation/526","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEternal Life-Hemshech is an organization of Atlanta Holocaust survivors, their descendants and friends dedicated to commemorating the 6,000,000 Jewish victims of the Holocaust. Approximately 100 Holocaust survivors living in Atlanta, Georgia founded Eternal Life-Hemshech in 1964. Hemshech is a Hebrew word that means “continuation.” Their purpose was to \"perpetuate the memory of their beloved families along with all of the six million Jewish victims of the Holocaust.\" The group wanted the memorial to serve as a place to say Kaddish, the Jewish prayer for the dead. The committee was comprised Abraham Gastfiend, Mala Gastfiend, Gaston Nitka, Rubin Lansky, and Rubin Pichulik. Dr. Leon Rosen served as chairman and Lola Lansky and Nathan Bromberg were co- chairs.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=8670.0,8700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/annotation_set/275/annotation/527","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePamyat [Russian: memory] was a group of Russian activists who identified themselves as the \"People's National-patriotic Orthodox Christian movement.\" The group's stated focus was preserving Russian culture, which included an anti-Semitic ideology.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=8700.0,8730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/annotation_set/275/annotation/528","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eYom Hazikaron laShoah ve-laG'vurah [Hebrew: Day of (remembrance of) the Holocaust and the Heroism] known colloquially in Israel and abroad as Yom HaShoah, or in English as Holocaust Remembrance Day. It marks the anniversary of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising and is on the 27th day in the month of Nisan.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=8700.0,8730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/annotation_set/275/annotation/529","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJoseph Echols Lowery (born 1921) is an American minister in the United Methodist Church and leader in the Civil Rights Movement. He served as the pastor of Cascade United Methodist Church in Atlanta from 1986 through 1992.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=8790.0,8820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/annotation_set/275/annotation/530","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA post exchange (PX) is a type of retail store found on U. S. Army military installations. It is a place for military personnel and their dependents to buy food, supplies and other needed items.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=8820.0,8850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/annotation_set/275/annotation/531","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSamuel Marvin Griffin, Sr. (1907-1982) was an American politician from Bainbridge, Georgia. He served as the 72nd Governor of Georgia from 1955 to 1959, where he supported educational segregation and opposed the integration of Georgian schools. Controversy erupted when the Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets were scheduled to meet the University of Pennsylvania’s Pitt Panthers, commonly also referred to as the Pittsburgh Panthers, in the 1956 Sugar Bowl. In December 1955, in anticipation of African American player Bobby Grier's presence, Governor Griffin publicly sent a telegram to his state's Board of Regents imploring them not to engage in racially integrated events that had African Americans either as participants or as spectators. However, students and football players from the Atlanta-based school, civil rights leaders, as well as a large number of the Pitt community, succeeded in ensuring that the game took place. The board of regents soon issued a decision that university-system teams could play integrated teams in states permitting integration. Georgia Tech did not integrate its student population until 1961.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=9000.0,9030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/annotation_set/275/annotation/532","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCharles (Charlie) Lebedin (1901-1989), also referred to as Charles Leb, was the owner of Leb’s Restaurant in downtown Atlanta. Leb’s Restaurant was located at the corner of Luckie and Forsyth Streets, across from the popular Rialto Theater. Lebedin also owned a second restaurant in Jacksonville, Florida, as well as the King’s Inn restaurant at the Atlanta Cabana Motel.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=9180.0,9210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/annotation_set/275/annotation/533","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Atlanta Cabana Motel was a 200-room motor hotel located at the southwest corner of Peachtree Street and 7th Street in Midtown Atlanta. It opened in 1958 and was razed in 2002. The 28-floor Spire residential tower now occupies the site. The Cabana was Atlanta's first major new hotel in 30 years as well as a pioneer in the concept of motor hotels, that is, motel-like facilities in cities, as opposed to alongside highways between cities. It was recognized as a prime example of modern motor hotel architecture. Charles Lebedin leased space at the hotel for his King’s Inn restaurant, where, in 1962, Harry Belafonte was refused service.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=9180.0,9210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/annotation_set/275/annotation/534","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLike most downtown restaurants and hotels, Leb’s Restaurant did not allow black customers. In the early 1960’s, protestors began to hold repeated pickets and sit-ins, and Leb’s was a frequent target. After a series of civil rights protects that were met with increasing violence, Leb’s and the other downtown restaurants were finally integrated on July 23, 1964.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=9270.0,9300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/annotation_set/275/annotation/535","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe American Civil Rights Movement encompasses social movements in the United States whose goal was to end racial segregation and discrimination against black Americans and enforce constitutional voting rights to them. The movement was characterized by major campaigns of civil resistance. Between 1955 and 1968, acts of nonviolent protest and civil disobedience produced crisis situations between activists and government authorities.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=9360.0,9390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/annotation_set/275/annotation/536","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe United States dropped an atomic bomb on Hiroshima, Japan on August 6, 1945.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=9390.0,9420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/annotation_set/275/annotation/537","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePatrick Joseph \"Pat\" Buchanan (born 1938) is an American conservative political commentator, author, syndicated columnist, politician and broadcaster. In 1990, Buchanan made controversial remarks that caused the Anti-Defamation League to label him antisemitic and a Holocaust denier. In 1992 and again in 1996, Buchanan ran as a Republican Party candidate in the presidential primaries on a platform of immigration reduction and social conservatism. He ran again in the 2000 presidential election as the Reform Party candidate.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=9510.0,9540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/annotation_set/275/annotation/538","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRubin Lansky (1923-2005) was a Polish Holocaust survivor who had a successful career as a real estate owner and manager in Atlanta, Georgia. He and his wife, Lola Borkowska, (also a Holocaust survivor) were very active in the Atlanta Jewish community. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=9870.0,9900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/annotation_set/275/annotation/539","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eB’nai B’rith Youth Organization (BBYO) is a Jewish youth movement for students in grades from 8 through 12.  The organization emphasizes its youth leadership model in which teen leaders are elected by their peers on a local, regional and international level and are given the opportunity to make their own programmatic decisions. B'nai B'rith Girls (BBG) is the female order of the BBYO. The male brother order is the Aleph Zadik Aleph (AZA).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=10110.0,10140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/annotation_set/275/annotation/540","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eKaddish (Hebrew for ‘holy’) is a hymn of praises to G-d found in the Jewish prayer service that is recited aloud while standing. Mourner's Kaddish is said at all prayer services and certain other occasions. Following the death of a parent, child, spouse, or sibling it is customary to recite the Mourner's Kaddish in the presence of a congregation daily for 30 days, or 11 months in the case of a parent, and then at every anniversary of the death.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=10380.0,10410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/annotation_set/275/annotation/541","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIsrael Expo 85 was an event held at the former Atlanta Jewish Community Center campus in Midtown Atlanta. The event had exhibits, booths, and a marketplace that presented Israeli food, gifts, and entertainment.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=10440.0,10470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/annotation_set/275/annotation/542","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRuth Kruger Singer (1918-2004) was a founding member of The Breman Jewish Heritage Museum. She was also a founder of Atlanta’s The Epstein School and active in the Atlanta Jewish community, volunteering at Ahavath Achim synagogue and the Atlanta Jewish Federation.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=10530.0,10560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/annotation_set/275/annotation/543","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDr. Stanley Perry Brickman (born 1931) is a noted oral surgeon who practiced oral surgery in the Atlanta area from 1961 to 2004. Dr. Brickman was kicked out of Emory University’s School of Dentistry in 1951 because he was Jewish. Brickman spent the next few years interviewing dozens of Jewish students who attended the school in the 1950s and 1960’s, compiling a video that revealed a pattern of antisemitism by the school’s dean. In 2012, Emory University administrators issued a public apology Stanley Perry Brickman. Along with his wife Shirley, he has been active in the Atlanta Jewish community, volunteering at various synagogues in Atlanta, the Jewish Federation of Greater Atlanta, Hillel, Yeshiva High School, the Greenfield Hebrew Academy, and the Marcus Jewish Community Center of Atlanta.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=10680.0,10710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/annotation_set/275/annotation/544","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e“Absence of Humanity: The Holocaust Years, 1933-1945” is a permanent exhibition at the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum that presents a detailed history of the events that led up to the Holocaust, the atrocities perpetrated by the Nazis during World War II, and those events that took place in its wake. It features historic photographs, personal memorabilia, family documents, and videotaped interviews with Atlanta-area survivors.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=11580.0,11610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/annotation_set/275/annotation/545","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSimon (Steve) Stephen Selig III (b. 1943) worked in the Selig real estate development business, campaigned for Jimmy Carter in his presidential campaign, after which he moved to Washington D.C. where he served as Deputy Assistant to the President.  After his government work, he returned to Selig Enterprises and was active in the Jewish community with roles in the Jewish Federation of Greater Atlanta and the United Jewish Communities, where he served as chairman of the annual campaign and president of the Federation from 1996 to 1998.  He donated the building the Selig Center and William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum now occupies in Midtown.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=11820.0,11850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/annotation_set/275/annotation/546","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBergen-Belsen was a concentration camp is Germany established in 1935. In 1943 it began to serve as a transit camp for Jewish prisoners who were initially excluded from deportation. Toward the end of the war, Bergen-Belsen became a dumping place for Jews marched out of camps in the east. There was no housing for them, no medical care, no food, and no water. Ultimately there were about 41,000 prisoners in the camps and the mortality rate was extreme. The British liberated Bergen-Belsen on April 15, 1945 and it took them weeks to even be able to start to deal with the horrifying situation. Many thousands of prisoners died after liberation, being too far-gone to recover. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=12600.0,12630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/annotation_set/275/annotation/547","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIn September 1940, HICEM (a Jewish overseas emigration association that is an acronym of three merged organizations: HIAS—Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society; JCA—Jewish Colonization Association; and Emigdirect—the United Jewish Emigration Committee) began making plans to facilitate the immigration of Jewish children to the United States on special State Department visas. Though the program was designed to help children below the age of thirteen, children as old as sixteen were admitted if they were accompanying younger siblings. The JDC (American Joint Distribution Committee) facilitated and financed the emigration of children without American relatives. HICEM made arrangements for French exit visas, Spanish and Portuguese transit visas, and reservations on ships out of Lisbon. On March 5, 1941, OSE (Oeuvre de Secours aux Enfants) France in Montpellier sent HICEM a list of 500 detained children as candidates for emigration. From June through September 1941, three transports managed to bring about 200 children from the OSE homes to the U.S.  They were sponsored by the United States Committee for the Care of European Children, The Jewish Children's Aid, and assisted by the American Friends Service Committee (Quakers) in Marseilles. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=12690.0,12720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/annotation_set/275/annotation/548","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAshkenazi is an ethnic division of Jews that formed in the Holy Roman Empire in the early 1000’s. They established communities in Central and Eastern Europe.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=13110.0,13140.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/index/47478","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Hirsch, Benjamin [Index]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/index/47478/annotation/549","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Family History and Life in Europe","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=20.0,178.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/index/47478/annotation/550","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ben, will you begin by telling us a little bit about your family, where you are from, and their experiences in Europe before you came to America?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=20.0,178.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/index/47478/annotation/551","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Adolf Hitler","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Asher Hirsch","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Benjamin Hirsch","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Dr. Hermann Hirsch","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Europe","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Flo Hirsch","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Frankfurt am Main, Germany","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hirsch Family","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Mathilde Auerbach Hirsch","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Nuremberg Laws","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Roseline Hirsch","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Werner Hirsch","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=20.0,178.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/index/47478/annotation/552","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Kristallnacht","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=178.0,490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/index/47478/annotation/553","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That was just about six months before Kristallnacht. On November 9 and 10, 1938--which is Kristallnacht--was when . . . I have actually two memories of Kristallnacht.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=178.0,490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/index/47478/annotation/554","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Arno Horenshek","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Aron Kodesh - Torah Ark","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Buchenwald Concentration Camp","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Dr. Hermann Hirsch","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Fire","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Friedberger Anlage Synagogue","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Kristallnacht","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Torahs","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=178.0,490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/index/47478/annotation/555","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Escaping Germany with the Kindertransport","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=490.0,639.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/index/47478/annotation/556","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"My mother was trying to figure out what in the world to do to send those children that were old enough to travel to safety. She\nstarted checking around. She heard about a Kindertransport that was being organized by the orphanage that was going to Paris. ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=490.0,639.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/index/47478/annotation/557","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Fannie Samuels","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Gustie Hirsch","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helena Samuels","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Kindertransport","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Marcus Cohen","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Nathan Samuels","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Paris, France","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yachim Hirsch","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=490.0,639.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/index/47478/annotation/558","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Going to the Oeuvre de Secours aux Enfants (OSE)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=639.0,1015.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/index/47478/annotation/559","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I stayed at the Samuels' until it became evident that the Nazis, the Germans were going to overrun France, they were coming to Paris, and that Jews would not be safe in Paris. They were going to leave Paris themselves and go into hiding. They sent me to one of the O.S.E. homes in Montmorency, which is a suburb of Paris.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=639.0,1015.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/index/47478/annotation/560","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Chateau de Masgelier","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Creuse, France","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Dr. Papernak","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish Orphanages","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Montmorency, France","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Nazis","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Oeuvre de Secours aux Enfants (OSE)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Paris, France","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Villa Helvetia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=639.0,1015.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/index/47478/annotation/561","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Reuniting with His Brothers in Marseille, France","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=1015.0,1138.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/index/47478/annotation/562","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think it was May 17, 1941 when I got some kind of communication that I was supposed to leave Chateau de Masgelier by bus and rendezvous with my brothers in Marseille. We were going to be a part of an escape out of Europe. There was a selected group of about 100 kids that were going to try to escape Europe. 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I never was able to get . . . who's gonna give a project like a synagogue to a young neophyte out of school who doesn't have an experience. What happened . . . I opened my office in 1962. I had to work for three years for different architects in order to be able to pass my registration. 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I'm 32 years old and I've achieved my life's goal. What now?\" That was quickly overridden by my brother, Jack. He had the idea that now that we have this . . . he considered it a teaching tool--the memorial. He decided that he was going to meet with the people in the community who were in charge of it, of Jewish education, to help them in teaching the Holocaust and to use this as a catalyst.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=6776.0,7064.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/index/47478/annotation/632","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Anti-Defamation League - ADL","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Atlanta Bureau of Jewish Education","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"George Alterman","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hans Erman","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Holocaust Education","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Holocaust Surviviors","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Isaac Goodfriend","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jack Hirsch","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lola Borkowska Lansky","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Teaching","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Telling Their Stories","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=6776.0,7064.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/index/47478/annotation/633","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Building Synagogues","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=7064.0,7654.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/index/47478/annotation/634","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"My first opportunity to do a synagogue came in 1970 or so. No, I take it back. You wouldn't call it a chapel at Camp Barney Medintz. It's a synagogue. That was really my first opportunity. Frank Fuhrmann, who was the director of the Atlanta Jewish Community Center, saw the Memorial to the Six Million and he was most impressed with that. 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You, I think, were probably about the time in your life--if not, way past--where you met your wife and started your family. 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I forget what things that were disconnected. The child could not survive. It survived four or five days. Having lost that child was fairly traumatic, but it made me realize how much I really wanted to have children. So within a year, we had the first child, Shoshana.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=8036.0,8373.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/index/47478/annotation/644","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Adinah Hirsch","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Children","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Complications","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Dr. Abraham Velkoff","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Dr. Jacob Epstein","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Dr. William Hopkins","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hirsch children","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Holland's Membrane","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Michal Hirsch","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rafael Hirsh","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Shoshana Hirsch","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=8036.0,8373.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/index/47478/annotation/645","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Importance of Being a Parent","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=8373.0,8501.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/index/47478/annotation/646","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Being a parent was very important to me . . . I tried to be a good parent, but I find that, in looking back, that I stayed away from home a great deal. Part of that . . . I'm sure had to do with the fact that my wife was very possessive about childrearing. I felt like I was in the way.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=8373.0,8501.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/index/47478/annotation/647","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Adinah Hirsch","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Emergency Room","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Parenthood","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=8373.0,8501.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/index/47478/annotation/648","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Importance of Religion","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=8501.0,8527.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/index/47478/annotation/649","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Of course, religion was important to us. 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Also how, Yoni in particular, and the . . . lack of Holocaust education in Atlanta encouraged you to start speaking.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=9964.0,10446.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/index/47478/annotation/662","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Aleph Zadik Aleph (AZA)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"B'nai  B'rith Youth Organization (BBYO)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"B'nai B'rith Girls (BBG)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Concentration Camp","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"France","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Holocaust Denier","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Holocaust Education","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Holocaust Survivor","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Kaddish","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Orphans","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Survival Story","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yoni Werzberger","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=9964.0,10446.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/index/47478/annotation/663","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Holocaust Exhibit at Expo 85","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=10446.0,10688.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/index/47478/annotation/664","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Our first exhibit was Expo 85. Originally, I had wanted to do a museum component in front of the AJCC. I'd drawn something up and I'd presented it to the executive committee of the AJCC. They were ready to vote and they were ready to vote unanimously, \"Let's do it! 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They got to send it . . . to allocate some space in the basement, which was a room--much smaller than the space they were at for Expo 85--but would make it a permanent location.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=10688.0,10787.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/index/47478/annotation/668","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Expo 85","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish Heritage Museum","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Louise Baum","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Permanent Exhibit","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Perry brickman","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The Survivor's Room","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=10688.0,10787.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/index/47478/annotation/669","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Asher Hirsch","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=10787.0,11030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/index/47478/annotation/670","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Asher, when he moved to New York was studying to be a rabbi. Then he got into the army. He got drafted, which delayed his getting smicha. Then after he married Henny and they had a child right away, he decided not to continue his Yeshiva education and just . . . 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When he decides that something is a good cause, he does something about it.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=11030.0,11127.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/index/47478/annotation/674","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Certified Personal Accountant","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jack Hirsch","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Philanthropy","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=11030.0,11127.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/index/47478/annotation/675","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Flora Hirsch Spiegel","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=11127.0,11314.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/index/47478/annotation/676","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Which brings us to his wife, my sister Flo, my older sister. She got married in May of 1951 to Herb Spiegel. He's also from Germany. He's from Cologne. His parents got out early enough in the 1930’s and they moved to Albany, where his father was a doctor—I think a pediatrician.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=11127.0,11314.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/index/47478/annotation/677","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Activism","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Bobby Spiegel","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"City Concil","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Cologne, Germany","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Corona Electric Company","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Corona, California","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Flora Hirsch Spiegel","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Herb Spiegel","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Kodiak, Alaska","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Mark Spiegel","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Mayor of Corona, California","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Sammy Spiegel","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"San Diego, California","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"School Board","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=11127.0,11314.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/index/47478/annotation/678","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Sarah Hirsch Shartar","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=11314.0,11493.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/index/47478/annotation/679","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I told you about Sarah . . . No, I didn’t tell you about Sarah. I did tell you that she was the first one to get married. She got married to Harry Shartar. Harry had gone to Georgia Tech, graduated 1949, I believe. At that time, he was in industrial management, which was a very good field at the time unless you were a Jew. It took him two years to find a job.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=11314.0,11493.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/index/47478/annotation/680","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Amsterdam, the Netherlands","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Atlanta Paper Company","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Atlanta, Georgia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Edward Shartar","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Georgia Institute of Technology","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Harry 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Expo--it turns out it was probably the most visited exhibition that Expo had--certain people at the Federation decided to go with the momentum, to create a permanent Holocaust exhibit, which would be the second part of what would end up being a Jewish heritage museum.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=11573.0,11958.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/index/47478/annotation/686","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Atlanta Jewish Community Center","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Cuba Family Archives for Southern Jewish History","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Erwin 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I used to daven every day and I used to wear a kippah all the time. I used to eat kosher and I used to keep Shabbat. That's all I knew.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=11958.0,12475.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/index/47478/annotation/689","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Army","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Asher Hirsch","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jack Hirsch","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Judaism","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Keeping Kosher","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Keeping Shabbat","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Kippah","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Observance","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Traditional Judaism","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Working on Shabbat","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=11958.0,12475.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/index/47478/annotation/690","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The Hirsch Family","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=12475.0,12546.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/index/47478/annotation/691","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That probably leads into, really, about my family. I have four children. Shoshana's my oldest--she just turned 40--and there's Adinah Chaya. Shoshana has five kids. Adinah has four kids. She is now just getting in to start Mercer University to get her pharmacy degree. Then there's my daughter, Michal, who lives in . . . Israel and has eight children.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630#t=12475.0,12546.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32791/file/101630/index/47478/annotation/692","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Adinah Hirsch","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hirsch Family","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Israel","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Mercer University","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Michal Hirsch","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rafael 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