{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/cz3222rr5k/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Strauss, Henry"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["2015-10-19 (creation)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["Video"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source"]},"value":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum","Esther and Herbert Taylor Oral History Collection","Jewish Oral History Project of Atlanta"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eHenry Strauss was interviewed by Sara Ghitis on October 19, 2015 in Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e (general)","\u003cp\u003eHenry Strauss was born Heinz Siegbert Strauss on July 14, 1928 in Alsfeld, Germany. He was the third child born to parents whose families had been part of the local community for generations. After the Nazi party came to power and antisemitic policies and incidents increased, Henry’s older brother was sent to the United States and Henry was sent to a Jewish boarding school. On Kristallnacht, Henry’s father was arrested and imprisoned in Buchenwald for three months. As a condition of his release, he was required to emigrate and Albert left for present-day Zambia. Henry and his mother followed soon after. Henry’s older sister remained in Germany, hoping to immigrate to the United States. However, World War II soon broke out and his sister was sent to a labor camp instead and later killed. In Zambia, Henry’s parents lived and worked on an English plantation. Henry attended school in Zambia and then continued his education at a boarding school in present day Zimbabwe. After completing school at 16, he became an apprentice electrician in the copper mines. In 1948, Henry and his parents arrived in the United States. They were reunited with Henry’s brother and settled in Atlanta, Georgia. Henry soon enlisted in the United Stated Army and participated in the Allied occupation of Germany. After his discharge in 1950, Henry became a US citizen. He worked at the Ford Motor company plant in Atlanta until starting his own vending machine company. Henry married and raised three children. He has seven grandchildren.\u003c/p\u003e (bioghist)","\u003cp\u003eHenry describes his family and childhood in Alsfeld, Germany. He recounts the antisemitism encountered after the Nazi party came to power in Germany. Henry discusses what he witnessed on Kristallnacht as a student at a boarding school. He describes returning home to learn his father had been imprisoned in Buchenwald. Upon his father’s release and immediate departure for Africa, Henry and his mother prepared to leave Germany. He recalls the pressure they felt to leave and the relief at finally being out of Germany. Henry describes the journey to Africa and the curious new country they encountered. He fondly recalls life on an English plantation, his time in school, and the relationships he forged with other German refugees and the native population. He describes his time as an apprentice electrician in the copper mines after graduating from school. Henry recounts sailing to the United States, joining the army, and what he encountered while stationed in Germany. After his discharge, Henry describes his job on the assembly line in the Ford Assembly Plant near Atlanta before starting his own vending machine company. Henry recalls more details from his youth, including the Nazi party’s parades and songs, his friends from Africa, and his encounters with a cobra and lions in Zambia. Finally, Henry talks about his wife, children, and grandchildren. He talks about their visit to Germany and ends the interview with an expression of immense pride in his family as his life’s greatest accomplishment.\u003c/p\u003e (scope content)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source Metadata URI"]},"value":{"en":["https://archivesspace.thebreman.org/repositories/2/archival_objects/28040"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject"]},"value":{"en":["Henry Strauss (Heinz Siegbert Strauss) (personal name)","Jeanette \"Hannele\" Strauss (personal name)","Walter Strauss (personal name)","Albert Strauss (personal name)","Martha Strauss (personal name)","Elizabeth Schulhofer Strauss (personal name)","Stephen Strauss (personal name)","Karen Strauss Baron (personal name)","Margaret Strauss Weiss (personal name)","Peter Frankl (personal name)","Gunter Isaac (personal name)","Sir Roy Welensky (personal name)","Ernest Oppenheimer (personal name)","Adolf Hitler (personal name)","British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) (corporate name)","Ford Motor Company (corporate name)","Central Food Management Inc. (corporate name)","Anglo American Corporation (corporate name)","Congregation Shearith Israel (corporate name)","Carling Brewery Company Inc. (corporate name)","Roadway Express (corporate name)","New World Club (corporate name)","Alsfeld,  Germany (geographic term)","Bad Nauheim, Germany (geographic term)","Hamburg, Germany (geographic term)","Frankfurt, Germany (geographic term)","Nuremberg, Germany (geographic term)","Breslau, Germany (geographic term)","Smolensk, Poland (geographic term)","Cape Town, South Africa (geographic term)","Johannesburg, South Africa (geographic term)","Beira, Portuguese East Africa (Mozambique) (geographic term)","Lourenco Marques, Mozambique (geographic term)","Kitwe, Zambia (geographic term)","Lusaka, Zambia (geographic term)","Nkana, Zambia (geographic term)","New York (geographic term)","Atlanta, Georgia (geographic term)","Bluefield, West Virginia (geographic term)","Southampton, England (geographic term)","United States of America (geographic term)","Germany (geographic term)","Poland (geographic term)","Zambia (geographic term)","Africa (geographic term)","Israel (geographic term)","Argentina (geographic term)","Columbia (geographic term)","Brazil (geographic term)","Buchenwald Concentration Camp (geographic term)","Fort Benning (geographic term)","Slave Labor Camps (topical term)","Extermination Camps (topical term)","Concentration Camps (topical term)","World War I (topical term)","World War II (topical term)","Kristallnacht (topical term)","Nazis (topical term)","Holocaust (topical term)","Schutzstaffel - SS (topical term)","Sturmabteilung - SA (Brownshirts) (topical term)","Conservative Judaism (topical term)","Orthodox Judaism (topical term)","Jewish Holidays (topical term)","Anti-Semitism (topical term)","Jewish Community (topical term)","Rothschild Family (topical term)","United States Army (topical term)","United States Army Reserves (topical term)","First Infantry Division (topical term)","Berlin Airlift (topical term)","Holocaust Survivors (topical term)","Ku Klux Klan - KKK (topical term)","Vending Machines (topical term)"]}}],"summary":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eHenry Strauss was interviewed by Sara Ghitis on October 19, 2015 in Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHenry Strauss was born Heinz Siegbert Strauss on July 14, 1928 in Alsfeld, Germany. He was the third child born to parents whose families had been part of the local community for generations. After the Nazi party came to power and antisemitic policies and incidents increased, Henry’s older brother was sent to the United States and Henry was sent to a Jewish boarding school. On Kristallnacht, Henry’s father was arrested and imprisoned in Buchenwald for three months. As a condition of his release, he was required to emigrate and Albert left for present-day Zambia. Henry and his mother followed soon after. Henry’s older sister remained in Germany, hoping to immigrate to the United States. However, World War II soon broke out and his sister was sent to a labor camp instead and later killed. In Zambia, Henry’s parents lived and worked on an English plantation. Henry attended school in Zambia and then continued his education at a boarding school in present day Zimbabwe. After completing school at 16, he became an apprentice electrician in the copper mines. In 1948, Henry and his parents arrived in the United States. They were reunited with Henry’s brother and settled in Atlanta, Georgia. Henry soon enlisted in the United Stated Army and participated in the Allied occupation of Germany. After his discharge in 1950, Henry became a US citizen. He worked at the Ford Motor company plant in Atlanta until starting his own vending machine company. Henry married and raised three children. He has seven grandchildren.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHenry describes his family and childhood in Alsfeld, Germany. He recounts the antisemitism encountered after the Nazi party came to power in Germany. Henry discusses what he witnessed on Kristallnacht as a student at a boarding school. He describes returning home to learn his father had been imprisoned in Buchenwald. Upon his father’s release and immediate departure for Africa, Henry and his mother prepared to leave Germany. He recalls the pressure they felt to leave and the relief at finally being out of Germany. Henry describes the journey to Africa and the curious new country they encountered. He fondly recalls life on an English plantation, his time in school, and the relationships he forged with other German refugees and the native population. He describes his time as an apprentice electrician in the copper mines after graduating from school. Henry recounts sailing to the United States, joining the army, and what he encountered while stationed in Germany. After his discharge, Henry describes his job on the assembly line in the Ford Assembly Plant near Atlanta before starting his own vending machine company. Henry recalls more details from his youth, including the Nazi party’s parades and songs, his friends from Africa, and his encounters with a cobra and lions in Zambia. Finally, Henry talks about his wife, children, and grandchildren. He talks about their visit to Germany and ends the interview with an expression of immense pride in his family as his life’s greatest accomplishment.\u003c/p\u003e"]},"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/101/400/small/Henry_Strauss.png?1619304313","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - Strauss_Henry.mp4"]},"duration":5006.232,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/101/400/small/Henry_Strauss.png?1619304313","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-thebreman.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/101/400/original/Strauss_Henry.mp4?1607345431","type":"Video","format":"video/mp4","duration":5006.232,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/transcript/21043","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Strauss, Henry [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/transcript/21043/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"GHITIS: My name is Sara Ghitis. I am interviewing Mr. Henry Strauss at the\nBreman Museum. Mr. Strauss is a survivor. We are in Atlanta, Georgia. The date\nis October 19, 2015. Mr. Strauss, can you please state your name?\n\nSTRAUSS: My name is Henry ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/transcript/21043/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Strauss.\n\nGHITIS: What was your name at birth?\n\nSTRAUSS: Heinz Siegbert Strauss.\n\nGHITIS: When were you born?\n\nSTRAUSS: I was born July 14, 1928 in Alsfeld, Germany.\n\nGHITIS: Who were your parents?\n\nSTRAUSS: My mother's name was Martha Strauss. My father's name was Albert ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/transcript/21043/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Strauss.\n\nGHITIS: Where is Alsfeld? In what part of Germany?\n\nSTRAUSS: It's in the state of Hessen.\n\nGHITIS: You were a very young child when you lived in Alsfeld, but what memories\ndo you have of that place?\n\nSTRAUSS: Alsfeld is a very old town. The buildings are very old--most of them\ntwo, three, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=60.0,90.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/transcript/21043/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"four, 500 years old, or a lot older. It is not a big place, but a\nlot of Jewish people lived there. It was a nice place to grow up in before\nHitler came to power.\n\nGHITIS: What can you tell me about the Jewish community there?\n\nSTRAUSS: What I remember about the Jewish Community is that they were Orthodox .\n. . or ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=90.0,120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/transcript/21043/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"more Conservative maybe than Orthodox. Had a beautiful synagogue. They\nhad a Sunday school that I had to attend there. There weren't many Jewish kids\nmy age. I was one of only a few. I always went with my dad to synagogue every\nSaturday. The Jewish community was pretty well ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=120.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/transcript/21043/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"off, for the most part. They\nowned most of the businesses. They owned the big brewery. They owned the\nlumberyard. They owned some other kind of factory. My aunt owned the only\ndepartment--not a big department--small department store. My mother owned, ran a\nshoe store right next to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=150.0,180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/transcript/21043/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it. My dad handled . . . he worked with horses. Our\nhouse . . . we had a nice house--a three-story house that my dad inherited from\nhis parents because he was the oldest. We had a stall for horses behind our\nhouse. We always had four, five, six horses in there--workhorses. He took . . .\nwhen people had problems with the horses, they'd send them to my dad and he\nwould take ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=180.0,210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/transcript/21043/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"care of them and either sell them or give them back to the people.\n\nGHITIS: You would say he traded horses?\n\nSTRAUSS: Pretty much. Traded horses but he also cured horses. He was good at that.\n\nGHITIS: You mean treated horses?\n\nSTRAUSS: Treated horses, yes.\n\nGHITIS: I want to jump back for a second. Do you remember the name of the synagogue?\n\nSTRAUSS: No, but it was a beautiful synagogue. They built the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=210.0,240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/transcript/21043/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"synagogue, from\nwhat I understand, in 1350, so it was an old synagogue. It was beautiful on the\ninside and outside--beautiful synagogue. They had a balcony where the women\nwould sit upstairs and the men would sit downstairs.\n\nGHITIS: With his business, was your father able to provide a good standard of\nliving ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=240.0,270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/transcript/21043/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for the family?\n\nSTRAUSS: We weren't rich but we had plenty to eat. We were pretty happy. We\ndidn't have any money problems. There was a bad time, too, in the late 1920's\nand 1930's. People were out of work. It wasn't easy for anybody.\n\nGHITIS: How many children were there in the family?\n\nSTRAUSS: I had one sister, who was the oldest.\n\nGHITIS: Her name was?\n\nSTRAUSS: Her name was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=270.0,300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/transcript/21043/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hannele. That's what we called her and that's what she\nwent by. The original name was Jeanette, but we never called her by Jeanette. We\nalways called her Hannele. I had a brother. He was . . . I think three years\nyounger than she was. I was eight years younger than my sister.\n\nGHITIS: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=300.0,330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/transcript/21043/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Do you have memories of celebrating the Jewish holidays?\n\nSTRAUSS: Yes, we celebrated all holidays.\n\nGHITIS: Let's talk about Passover . . . Pesach. What happened?\n\nSTRAUSS: I don't know . . . I don't really remember exactly what happened. I\nknow we celebrated all holidays, including Sukkot. We built our ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=330.0,360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/transcript/21043/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"own sukkah. My\ngrandmother lived with us the last five or six years. She kept a kosher house so\nwe kept a kosher house. I didn't keep kosher when out of the house . . . we\ndidn't, but in the house we always kept kosher.\n\nGHITIS: Let us talk about your schooling. Where did ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=360.0,390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/transcript/21043/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you go to school?\n\nSTRAUSS: I went to the public school, which was very close to our house. It took\na few minutes to walk to the school. In the beginning . . . what I remember is\nbefore Hitler because I was born in 1928 and Hitler came to power in 1933. I had\n. . . all my friends in the neighborhood were non-Jewish. They were all\nChristians. We had ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=390.0,420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/transcript/21043/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"no problems. I was friendly with everybody. I had no problem\nin school. Then once Hitler came to power, things started changing. In 1934 or\n1935, things started to get really bad in school. I was the only Jewish kid in\nmy class. It was a pretty big class. Around 1935, I think, it started really\nbad. Our teacher came in in the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=420.0,450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/transcript/21043/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"morning and he belonged to not the SS, but the\nSR . . . the brown shirts. Every body would jump up and say, \"Heil Hitler!\" They\nput me behind, in the back of the class because they didn't want me to sit with\nthe rest of them. I had a lot of problems. They started picking on me--even\nthose friends of mine who were my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=450.0,480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/transcript/21043/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"neighbors--between classes, after school. It\nreally got bad, to where I couldn't . . .\n\nGHITIS: Did they say things? Did they use words to attack you?\n\nSTRAUSS: Yes. They called me \"Sau Jude\", \"pig Jew\" . . . all these words that\nyou can imagine. I was getting used to that. I had to fight my way home. I\nalways fight them. I didn't just let them hit me. I try to fight ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=480.0,510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/transcript/21043/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"back. You have\nto be careful, too. If you hurt somebody, then your parents get in trouble. They\ncould get your parents in trouble. You had to be careful what you did. It really\ngot bad. You can't learn anything . . . I just didn't even want to go to school\nanymore. After 1937, Jews weren't allowed to go to public school anymore. They\nsent me to Jewish boarding school in Bad Nauheim.\n\nGHITIS: Were ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=510.0,540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/transcript/21043/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you ever expelled from the school publically?\n\nSTRAUSS: No, they didn't expel you. You just weren't allowed to go to school\nanymore. No Jews were allowed to go to public school in Germany after . . . I'm\npretty sure it was 1937.\n\nGHITIS: What did your parents say when you told them about the harassment you\nwere suffering?\n\nSTRAUSS: I don't remember what I said exactly. I think one time, especially with\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=540.0,570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/transcript/21043/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"kids that I knew well . . . when they called me \"pig Jew\". I said, \"I'm the Jew\nbut I'm proud to be Jew . . . You're the pig.\" or something like that. I would\nsay that to them. Then we'd start fighting. It didn't make much difference.\n\nGHITIS: You went to a boarding school?\n\nSTRAUSS: A boarding school in Bad Nauheim.\n\nGHITIS: How was that?\n\nSTRAUSS: That was a great school. It was probably the best school I ever went\nto. Really great ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=570.0,600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/transcript/21043/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"teachers. Just a great school.\n\nGHITIS: Was this a public school?\n\nSTRAUSS: No, it was a Jewish boarding school. It wasn't a big school. The school\nwas donated. The Rothschild family from Frankfurt donated the building. It was\nreally designed for Jewish orphans from Frankfurt originally, but since we\ncouldn't go to public school anymore, especially the smaller towns in that area\n. . . There were maybe . . . in some of those smaller towns were two or ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=600.0,630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/transcript/21043/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"three\nfamilies and their kids couldn't . . . they went to that school.\n\nGHITIS: When you went to the boarding school, you were how old?\n\nSTRAUSS: When I first went to that school, I think I was eight years old. I\ncould have been nine, but I think I was eight. I'm not sure.\n\nGHITIS: What about your older siblings?\n\nSTRAUSS: My brother was already . . . They sent my brother to the United States\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=630.0,660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/transcript/21043/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in 1937. Some family in Bluefield, West Virginia sponsored him. That's where he went.\n\nGHITIS: This was the Kindertransport?\n\nSTRAUSS: Something like a Kindertransport. I don't think it was exactly the same\nthing but it was something similar. You had to have somebody to sponsor you in\norder to be able to do that. They were a family that didn't have any kids and\nthey wanted . . . they were looking for ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=660.0,690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/transcript/21043/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"somebody.\n\nGHITIS: What about your sister?\n\nSTRAUSS: My sister was working. She was older. She started working--not in\nAlsfeld, in some smaller town. She worked for a family. They had a business. She\nwas learning the business and also learning how to take care of a house. That's\nwhat they did in those days. She didn't . . . she wanted . . . That can ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=690.0,720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/transcript/21043/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"come\nlater. She was a good student. My sister was probably the best student of all of us.\n\nGHITIS: What else do you remember changing in your life during that early period\nof the Nazi era? What else was changing? What ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=720.0,750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/transcript/21043/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"images do you have in your head of\nthat era?\n\nSTRAUSS: Images . . . It was just a bad time. We wanted to leave Germany. We\nwanted to get out. We had nowhere to go. Everything was closed to us. We had\nnowhere to go. Even though I had a lot of relatives all over the world, still we\nhad no place to go ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=750.0,780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/transcript/21043/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to. That, to me, was a scary feeling. I didn't think we'd\never be able to leave Germany. We didn't leave until late 1939, July 1939. You\ncan imagine. I didn't think we'd ever get out. I didn't realize a war was going\nto start. Just about everybody in my family that I can remember had left ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=780.0,810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/transcript/21043/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Germany\nexcept my sister, my uncle and aunt in Alsfeld, and a few others didn't leave.\nEverybody else had already left Germany. Some went to Argentina, to Columbia,\nBrazil, United States, to Israel . . . just all over the place.\n\nGHITIS: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=810.0,840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/transcript/21043/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Kristallnacht. What comes to your mind first?\n\nSTRAUSS: Kristallnacht was . . . I was at the boarding school. On Kristall . . .\nnot the night, but during the day, before the night . . . we were told we had to\ngo to our ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=840.0,870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/transcript/21043/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"dormitory and stay in the dormitory. At night, they closed the school\nwhere we couldn't get out. At that time, we didn't know what was going to\nhappen. Kids in the school said, \"They're going to blow up the building.\" They\ndidn't blow up anything. The next morning, they assembled and the SS came. They\nassembled everyone in the schoolyard in back, including the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=870.0,900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/transcript/21043/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"teachers--the males\nover 18 were already arrested by that time . . . but the female teachers and\nall. They marched us through town, to jail the next morning. I remember when we\nwent to jail, marching through town, the Germans were on the sidewalk singing\nthese songs that they ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=900.0,930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/transcript/21043/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sing in German \"Wenn das JudenBlut vom Messer spritzt,\ndann gehts nochmal so gut . . . \" which means, \"when Jewish blood squirts from\nour veins, we'll all be better off. Send them to Jerusalem. Put them against the\nwall\" . . . all these things while we were marching to jail. They put us in jail\nfor a day. At night, late in the evening they sent us back to school. The next\nday, they closed the school for good. That's what I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=930.0,960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/transcript/21043/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"remember. There's one other\nthing I want to mention. There was a little grocery store right next to the\nboarding school. We didn't have much money. What little money we had, we'd go\nand buy candy in that store--all the kids. I remember that owner of that store\nwas not a Jewish. A German, standing on the sidewalk and saying the same stuff\nthat the rest of the population, the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=960.0,990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/transcript/21043/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"rest. I always remembered that. I couldn't\nbelieve he would do something like that. When I was in the army, the American\narmy, I was on an inspection team. They sent me to a place right next to Bad\nNauheim, where the school was located. I went to the school. I wanted to see the\nschool, to see if it was still there, the building and all. He was still in that\nstore. I went in. I talked to him. I asked him, \"Do you remember that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=990.0,1020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/transcript/21043/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"day?\" None\nof them remembered anything. I said, \"Well, I remember. I remember you standing\nout there with the rest of them.\" He said he couldn't remember anything. I just left.\n\nGHITIS: Your father had served in the German military . . .\n\nSTRAUSS: Right, in the First World War.\n\nGHITIS: . . . in what capacity?\n\nSTRAUSS: I don't know what capacity he did. That I don't know. He served for\nfour ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=1020.0,1050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/transcript/21043/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"years on the Russian front.\n\nGHITIS: He was in combat?\n\nSTRAUSS: In combat. My uncle got killed in combat in the First World War.\n\nGHITIS: Do you know the name of that uncle?\n\nSTRAUSS: I don't remember the first name. My brother would remember. I don't\nremember his first name.\n\nGHITIS: What happened to your father on Kristallnacht?\n\nSTRAUSS: They put him ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=1050.0,1080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/transcript/21043/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in Buchenwald. He went to Buchenwald. My mother . . . I\ncame home after they closed the school for good. I caught a train. I went back\nhome. When I got back home, my mother said that all the Jewish men over 18 in\nAlsfeld . . . they put them all on a bus. We could see the jail from our house.\nShe said that they put them all in a bus. She could see that. The Germans were\ntrying to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=1080.0,1110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/transcript/21043/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"push the bus over. The jailor was a good friend of my dad's. I think\nthey fought in the First World War together. He came over in the middle of the\nnight . . . he came over to my mother and said, \"Do you have an extra blanket?\"\nHe was going to get her to give him an extra blanket. He told my mother they\nwere going to Buchenwald so she knew where they were going. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=1110.0,1140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/transcript/21043/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's what she told\nme. He stayed in Buchenwald for about 3 months until they made the law that if\nyou served in the First World War and you had your discharge papers, they let\nthem out, but he had to leave Germany. My mother had his papers ready. She knew\nabout that. She had his papers ready for him to go to Africa. He took off for\nAfrica within a few days. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=1140.0,1170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/transcript/21043/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's what happened.\n\nGHITIS: Do you know why Africa and not another place?\n\nSTRAUSS: We had no other place to go to. I had an uncle who lived in Cape Town.\nHe immigrated to Cape Town, in . . . 1936. Evidently . . . I'm not sure about\nthat . . . he talked to my mother about it. There was Zambia, which used to be\nNorthern Rhodesia, They let some immigrants in there, most of them from Germany.\nThat's the only place that was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=1170.0,1200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/transcript/21043/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"open to us. It was a great place to go to. It's\nabout as far away from Germany as you can get.\n\nGHITIS: Do you know how your father travelled?\n\nSTRAUSS: He went to Hamburg, boarded a German ship. Got off . . . I guess where\nwe got off . . . in Beira, Portuguese East Africa, caught a train which took\nthree days and three nights to get to where he was supposed to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=1200.0,1230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/transcript/21043/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"go. I don't\nremember exactly how because I wasn't with him.\n\nGHITIS: Do you remember your father sending letters or communicating in any way?\n\nSTRAUSS: Yes, he did. He sent us some letters but I don't remember all those. My\ndad worked on a farm, in English plantation . . . nice people . . . huge farm.\nHe worked for ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=1230.0,1260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/transcript/21043/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"nothing. Didn't get any pay, but just have a place to work and eat\n. . . live. That's where we went--my mother and I.\n\nGHITIS: What did they grow there?\n\nSTRAUSS: Mostly corn and cattle. I don't think they grew anything else. That's\nwhat people ate there. Corn was the main food there for the natives.\n\nGHITIS: I want to go back to your older ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=1260.0,1290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/transcript/21043/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sister. When you were thinking about\nleaving, did she insist on staying?\n\nSTRAUSS: My sister wanted to come to the United States. She didn't want to go to\nAfrica. I remember that distinctly because my mother kept telling her, \"There's\nstill time for you to go with us.\" Even when she . . . at the train station,\nwhen we were leaving . . . even at that time, I remember even talking about it.\nShe had ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=1290.0,1320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/transcript/21043/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"made up her mind she wanted to come to the United States. Nobody . . .\nwe didn't know the war was going to broke out and things were gonna change that\nfast. The first time, she had her papers ready and all. She was . . . from what\nI was told . . . my brother told me that--I didn't even know it . . . she was\nrejected because she had flat feet. They rejected her the first time. Then the\nsecond time, she had her papers. From what we know, she had everything ready for\nher to go. The war had ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=1320.0,1350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/transcript/21043/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"already broken out. Because she was young, they needed\nher for slave labor. They wouldn't let her leave. She was going to go over to\nPortugal to the United States, but they wouldn't let her out anymore and that's\n. . .\n\nGHITIS: What happened to her?\n\nSTRAUSS: From what we know, they sent her to a slave labor camp in Smolensk,\nPoland. It's right near the Russian border. It's near all those extermination\ncamps like . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=1350.0,1380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/transcript/21043/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Treblinka. It's right close to those. That's where she stayed.\nHow she died, we don't know. I know she died there. Chances are . . . from what\nI was told . . . it's possible they had this unit called Battalion 101. The\nGermans went around Germany and Poland and they shot everybody . . . They think\nthat's how she died. They could have sent her to those extermination camps, too.\nThey killed ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=1380.0,1410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/transcript/21043/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"everybody in the camp. We know that. That's just days before the\nRussians liberated the camp. It's sad. She was a young girl. I hate it. I can't\nget over that.\n\nGHITIS: What did it take for your mother to be able to leave together with you?\nWhat did she have to do?\n\nSTRAUSS: She had to get all the papers ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=1410.0,1440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/transcript/21043/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and whatever she could. My dad didn't\ntake anything with him. My mother had a big crate full of furniture and stuff\nthat she put in that crate . . . We lost all that. The ship went down and the\ncrate went down with everything else. I don't know what she had to do, but\nwhatever she had to do, she ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=1440.0,1470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/transcript/21043/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"did. My mother was a very tough woman. She did\nwhatever it took. It didn't matter. She wasn't scared to do anything.\n\nGHITIS: Do you know if she had to pay a large amount of money?\n\nSTRAUSS: They took everything from us anyway. We didn't have much left. I do\nremember one thing. I remember our house, which was an old house--300 or 400\nyears old. It was a nice house--really ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=1470.0,1500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/transcript/21043/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"nice. I guess it was the SS came with\nsomebody and said, \"This guy's going to get your house. This is what we're going\nto pay you for it.\" It was something like $500. For a house like that! That's\nwhat happened. They wanted to make it legal so you couldn't come back later on\nand say, \"The house was . . . They just took it away from us.\" She had to sign\nstuff, I know. I remember that. I can't give you any more detail than that but I\ndo remember ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=1500.0,1530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/transcript/21043/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that. I didn't care about the house. I just wanted to get out of Germany.\n\nGHITIS: How was the trip? You left Alsfeld and you travelled to where?\n\nSTRAUSS: To Hamburg.\n\nGHITIS: How did you travel?\n\nSTRAUSS: By train. I'll never forget. On the train, I sat next to this German\nsailor. He was from the Graf Spee--that ship that went down, that big battle\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=1530.0,1560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/transcript/21043/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ship. That's one of the first ships that sank during the war. Anyway, we went to\nHamburg. Then we caught this German ship. I don't remember the name of the ship.\nI don't remember that, but we left from Hamburg. Took us six weeks to get where\nwe supposed to go, so it was a long. It was half freight and half\npassenger--mostly ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=1560.0,1590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/transcript/21043/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"freight.\n\nGHITIS: Were there a lot of passengers?\n\nSTRAUSS: No, not a lot. All the passengers were German Jewish people. I was the\nonly kid. There were a few younger people--I mean middle-aged people. Mostly\nelderly people.\n\nGHITIS: Do you have good memories of that first part of the trip? Did you enjoy that?\n\nSTRAUSS: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=1590.0,1620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/transcript/21043/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One of the happiest moments of my life, when we left the harbor in\nHamburg and were in the open sea. We knew we were out of Germany. That was\nprobably one of the happiest times of my life. I remember that. The trip was\npretty good. The captain had his family with him. He was a pretty decent guy. He\nmade sure the German crew didn't bother us. I didn't really ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=1620.0,1650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/transcript/21043/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have any problems on\nthe way to Africa.\n\nGHITIS: You were fed adequately?\n\nSTRAUSS: Yes, good food and all that. Our accommodations were good.\n\nGHITIS: There was someone who became famous on the ship, right?\n\nSTRAUSS: No, that's different. That's when we left Africa and came to United States.\n\nGHITIS: That's another trip. I'm sorry. You were sailing. Then you were\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=1650.0,1680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/transcript/21043/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"intercepted at some point. Tell us that story.\n\nSTRAUSS: In the beginning, when we arrived in Portuguese East Africa . . .\n\nGHITIS: You were in the middle of the trip, sailing to Africa. You were\nintercepted . . .\n\nSTRAUSS: Yes, that's after the war ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=1680.0,1710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/transcript/21043/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was just started. We were in Lourenco\nMarques. Then we got on a ship to go to the next port. That's when we got\nintercepted. That's when the war had already . . . broken out. Then we got\nintercepted by a British warship. They stopped the ship--the German ship. It\nwasn't a warship. It was a freight . . .\n\nGHITIS: How was that? Were you on the deck when that happened?\n\nSTRAUSS: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=1710.0,1740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/transcript/21043/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yes.\n\nGHITIS: Could you describe that scene?\n\nSTRAUSS: It was no big problem. They evidently had a Swedish ship stand by. They\ntook us to the next port. Then the German ship left. After we left, the Germans\nscuttled the ship.\n\nGHITIS: When you say scuttle . . .\n\nSTRAUSS: They let it sink after everybody was off. All the Germans had ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=1740.0,1770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/transcript/21043/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"left.\nBeen taken off by the British. They kept them in Cape Town in camps. My uncle\nknew about it. He actually knew some of them. Most of them never went back to\nGermany--even after the war.\n\nGHITIS: You were transferred to . . .\n\nSTRAUSS: To a Swedish ship and they took us to the next port.\n\nGHITIS: How was it on the Swedish ship?\n\nSTRAUSS: It was nice. It was a nice ship. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=1770.0,1800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/transcript/21043/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It didn't take long--I think about two\ndays at most. A small ship. I remember sitting in the dining room. I'd look out.\nAll I could see was water. The ocean was . . . water. It was nice. We didn't\nhave anything with us--my mother and I. We had one suitcase between us. When we\ngot to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=1800.0,1830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/transcript/21043/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Beira, they had like a Jewish . . . not federation, but they had a little\nJewish community there. It was Portuguese. They had this guy . . . They were\nreally nice people. They helped us to get a train and go to Zambia, which took\nthree days and three nights by train to get to where we were supposed to go.\nGood train. Really nice accommodation on the train--a dining room and\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=1830.0,1860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/transcript/21043/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"everything. It was mostly through bush country. There's nothing to see. Slow\ntrains because they're all steam engines. They had to stop and get coal or wood\nto fire up their engine. It took a long time. We finally got to where we were\nsupposed to go. We couldn't speak English. We didn't know anything. The\nconductor came in the middle of night ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=1860.0,1890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/transcript/21043/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and said, \"This is where you get off.\" He\npointed us . . . this is where we're supposed to get off . . . train stop. It\nwas so dark. You couldn't see anything. There was no light anywhere. Just my\nmother and I. We got off the train. We stood there. We stood in the middle of\nthe track, waiting. My dad knew we were supposed to come--he worked on the\nfarm--but nobody showed up. There was no light, no electricity. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=1890.0,1920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/transcript/21043/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Finally, I saw\nsomething coming towards us. It had a white kind of gown. I couldn't see what it\nwas at first. It looked like a ghost to me. I told my mother, \"I think it's a\nghost coming towards us.\" She grabbed my arm. It was a black guy, a servant who\nworked for the stationmaster. They had one house there--it was the\nstationmaster's. He had a kerosene lamp. That's why we couldn't see ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=1920.0,1950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/transcript/21043/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"anything. We\nfollowed him. He took us to the stationmaster's house. We sat there and we\nwaited. About an hour later my dad and the people that owned--their name was\nLandiss came to pick us up. The reason they were late, it was during the rainy\nseason. They got stuck. It was all dirt roads. We got in the back of the car--my\nmother and I. My dad and Mr. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=1950.0,1980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/transcript/21043/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Landiss were in front. I asked my dad in German, \"I\njust saw something jump across the road.\" I didn't know what it was. I asked\nhim. He told me it was cow. I didn't know. I believed him. About a month or two\nlater he told me what it was. It was a lion. He didn't want to scare me right\naway. That's what he said. Whether it was a lion . . . He said it was a lion and\nI believe it. There were a lot of lions around there.\n\nGHITIS: How long were you separated ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=1980.0,2010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/transcript/21043/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from your father?\n\nSTRAUSS: Quite a while. Not from my father so much. He left in . . .\n\nGHITIS: After Kristallnacht in 1938?\n\nSTRAUSS: He left in . . . Kristallnacht was in September, right?\n\nGHITIS: November.\n\nSTRAUSS: I think he left in early 1939. He left in 1939. He didn't leave in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=2010.0,2040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/transcript/21043/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"1938\nbecause he stayed in Buchenwald for 3 months. He left in early part of 1939. We\nwere separated maybe three or four months--not longer.\n\nGHITIS: How was the reunion?\n\nSTRAUSS: It was a good reunion. It was a great reunion. But it was strange.\nEverything was strange. I was just glad to be there. I enjoyed Africa. I really\ndid. It was a good place to be.\n\nGHITIS: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=2040.0,2070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/transcript/21043/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Why do you say that?\n\nSTRAUSS: I liked the freedom. I could do anything I wanted to. Wide-open\ncountry. There wasn't much going on there. The English people there and the\nnatives . . . it was just a good place to be. I just felt free. The school . . .\nThey had a good school there. Only went to the seventh grade--the schools in\nZambia at the time. It was English school and English ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=2070.0,2100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/transcript/21043/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"teachers--most of them\nfrom England and Scotland--good teachers . . . really good school. It was a\nwonderful, really good school. Even though it only went to seventh grade, it was advanced.\n\nGHITIS: Were there other refugees from Germany there?\n\nSTRAUSS: There was about four kids. I was the youngest of them. We were all\npretty close. Some of them were a year or two older than I. One of my best\nfriends was about six months older than I was.\n\nGHITIS: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=2100.0,2130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/transcript/21043/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What kind of work was your father doing exactly?\n\nSTRAUSS: He worked on a farm.\n\nGHITIS: What kind of work?\n\nSTRAUSS: Whatever he needs to to make sure the fields got taken care of. The\nplow . . . planted the corn. You had to make sure that the corn was taken care\nof because there was a lot of locusts and stuff like that. You have to. That's a\nlot of work . . . make sure cattle taken care of. Just whatever work ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=2130.0,2160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/transcript/21043/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that you\nhave to do. My mother . . . in the beginning, they had some chickens. She took\ncare of the chickens.\n\nGHITIS: When did you start working?\n\nSTRAUSS: I went to . . . They sent me to high school. To go to high school you\nhad to go to Zimbabwe, which is day and night by train. It's where most of the\nkids ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=2160.0,2190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/transcript/21043/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"went--not all, but most of them. I went there. I had to board with some\npeople. My parents had absolutely no money. They had nothing. They had to borrow\nsome money to pay for the people where I boarded. After I finished the eighth\ngrade--which you get a junior certificate. It's almost like high school here,\nnot quite--I decided to go to work. I came back to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=2190.0,2220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/transcript/21043/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lusaka. I found out that this\nman, his name was Welensky, his last name. He became pretty famous . . . Sir Roy\nWelensky. At that time, he wasn't a Sir. He was head of the railroad union,\nwhich was the main union over there. I think he might have been head of the\nminers union, too. I'm not ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=2220.0,2250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/transcript/21043/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sure about that. He happened to be in Lusaka at the\ntime and stayed in the hotel. My mother and I went to see him in the hotel, in a\nlittle hotel room. We went to see and talk to him and ask him if he could get me\njob in the mine. Mining was the only really industry in Zambia at that time--big\nmines, huge mines. He ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=2250.0,2280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/transcript/21043/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"said . . . he will try to see what he could do. He got me\njob as an apprentice electrician. I had to wait six months before there was an\nopening. They had four apprentices . . . at one time. If somebody . . . after 4\nyears when they became journeyman, then they had an opening. I had to work . . .\nhe got me job with an electrical contractor on the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=2280.0,2310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/transcript/21043/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"mine. They had one connected\nto the mine. I worked with him for six months. I lived with him. Then once the\nmine opening came, I went to work on the mine. I stayed there about two and a\nhalf years. It was a great job. It was a four-year apprenticeship. They made you\nwork . . . gave you good experience. You worked for six months in the electrical\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=2310.0,2340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/transcript/21043/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"shop, six months underground, six months outside construction . . . it was\nduring the Second World War and it was so far away from any other place, from\nEurope. You couldn't get any parts. They rebuilt everything. They had their own\nmachine shop, their own welding shop, their own electrical shop, everything.\nThey did everything themselves.\n\nGHITIS: How old were you when you started working?\n\nSTRAUSS: I was 16 when I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=2340.0,2370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/transcript/21043/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"started. It was a good job. I enjoyed it. They had nice\nfacilities. They had a house I was living in. They had four people living in it.\nEach one had a one room and a screened-in porch and then had a common room in\nthe middle.\n\nGHITIS: Where was this exactly?\n\nSTRAUSS: It was in . . . the name of mining facility was called Nkana,\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=2370.0,2400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/transcript/21043/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"N-k-a-n-a. It was right next to Kitwe. That was the commercial town, which is\nreal big right now.\n\nGHITIS: This is in Rhodesia?\n\nSTRAUSS: That's in Zambia.\n\nGHITIS: You worked there for . . .\n\nSTRAUSS: Two and a half years until I came to the United States. When I left,\nthey had a party for ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=2400.0,2430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/transcript/21043/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"me--my boss and everybody when I left. They gave a little\nspeech. It was real nice.\n\nGHITIS: Were you in touch with your brother in America during your time in Africa?\n\nSTRAUSS: Yes, that's why . . . my parents wanted to get over to my brother.\nThat's why we came. If my brother hadn't have been here, we probably wouldn't\nhave come.\n\nGHITIS: Did you have a social life? Did your parents have at all when you were ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=2430.0,2460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/transcript/21043/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Africa?\n\nSTRAUSS: On the mine, yes. It was great. They had a big clubhouse. Everything\nwas subsidized. I didn't make much money working there. What they did was they\npaid people . . . they called it \"copper bonus.\" When people left, that money\naccumulated. A lot of people there got a lot of money. I didn't get a lot of\nmoney but some of those miners and all those people made a lot of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=2460.0,2490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/transcript/21043/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"money.\nEverything was subsidized by the mine. For instance, I got three meals a day for\n. . . maybe cost me $10 a month for three meals a day for a whole month--and\ngood food.\n\nGHITIS: What did they extract from the mine?\n\nSTRAUSS: Copper and cobalt. I think it was 80 percent copper and 20 percent\ncobalt. Copper was used for ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=2490.0,2520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/transcript/21043/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"strengthening steel.\n\nGHITIS: Who were the owners of the mine?\n\nSTRAUSS: It was Anglo American corporation. One of the owners was this guy,\nOppenheimer, that owned the diamond mines in South Africa. It was Anglo American\ncorporation. Now, from what I understand, everything is owned by the Chinese. It\nwasn't just that one mine in Nkana. They had 3 or 4 other mining ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=2520.0,2550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/transcript/21043/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"towns in that\narea. It's called the Copperbelt.\n\nGHITIS: Did your parents enjoy their life in Africa as much as you did?\n\nSTRAUSS: I don't know about that. I can't say that . . . I think my dad. I think\nmy mother wasn't all that great about it. She wasn't all that great about\nAfrica. She didn't like farming too much. That stuff wasn't her thing. But I\nthink we would have stayed there if it hadn't been for my brother. I don't ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=2550.0,2580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/transcript/21043/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"know\nthat for sure, but I think so.\n\nGHITIS: How were you able to get a visa for the United States?\n\nSTRAUSS: Because of my brother being here. He was in army. When he got\ndischarged, we . . .\n\nGHITIS: How did you travel from Africa to America?\n\nSTRAUSS: We caught a train from Lusaka and went to . . . First, we stopped ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=2580.0,2610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/transcript/21043/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in\nJohannesburg. The train . . . It was about a 4 days train ride from Lusaka. My\naunt and uncle lived in Johannesburg. He went to Africa in the late 1920's. He\nwas a railroad engineer. He designed the railroad for German Southwest Africa.\nHe stayed there. He didn't go back ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=2610.0,2640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/transcript/21043/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to Germany. He lived in Johannesburg. We went\nto see him. My aunt is the one . . . my dad's sister. Great people. I enjoy the\nvisit. I had a cousin there. We stayed there a while with them. Then we went to\nCape Town. I had an uncle in Cape Town. We left from Cape Town. We left there.\nThat's where I . . . we left from Cape ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=2640.0,2670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/transcript/21043/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Town to go to Southampton, England. Then,\nfrom England, we went to New York on the Queen Elizabeth. From Cape Town to\nSouthampton, I met this guy--Laurence Harvey. That was his name. I didn't ask\nhim anything really. He told me. He said, \"That's not my real name.\" I said,\n\"What's your real name?\" He said, \"My name is Harry Skikne. I'm ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=2670.0,2700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/transcript/21043/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a Lithuanian\nJew,\" he said. He was a young kid. He was only 19 years old, 18 or 19 at the\ntime we went to England. I said, \"Why you going to England for acting? Why don't\nyou go to Hollywood?\" He said, no, he wanted to learn how to act in England. He\nwasn't ready for Hollywood yet. He was a nice guy. He was on a diet. I never had\nseen anybody on a diet in my life. I didn't know ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=2700.0,2730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/transcript/21043/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"why he was always asking for\nspecial food. He was lying on the deck on his back. He said, \"When you're an\nactor, you've got to look good, too. It's not just the acting part.\" He was a\nreal good-looking guy anyway. A bunch of women had followed him from South\nAfrica. That's how I met him. After that, I never got in tough with him anymore.\nHe became famous.\n\nGHITIS: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=2730.0,2760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/transcript/21043/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You arrived in New York. What happened then?\n\nSTRAUSS: What happened in New York . . .\n\nGHITIS: Who was there to meet you?\n\nSTRAUSS: I don't have anybody in New York. I don't remember anybody meeting us .\n. . We came to Atlanta pretty . . . my brother was here . . . I guess my brother\ncame to meet us in New York. Yes, I'm sure he ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=2760.0,2790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/transcript/21043/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"did. But we came to Atlanta right\naway. We didn't stay in New York long.\n\nGHITIS: This was what year?\n\nSTRAUSS: No, I do have some relatives in New York. I remember we went to see\nthem. I never knew about those relatives. They were part of my grandmother, my\ndad's mother. Their last name is . . . They're very, very orthodox. We ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=2790.0,2820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/transcript/21043/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"went to\nsee them but I didn't know anything. We didn't stay there long. We came to\nAtlanta pretty soon after that.\n\nGHITIS: What year was that?\n\nSTRAUSS: That was in . . . we left in 1939. It was in 1939. Wait, was it 1939?\n\nGHITIS: You arrived here in post-war? It was just after the war.\n\nSTRAUSS: Not 1939 . . .\n\nGHITIS: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=2820.0,2850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/transcript/21043/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"1947 maybe?\n\nSTRAUSS: . . . 1947, yes. It was 1947. We came to Atlanta in 1947. That's right.\nWe left there in 1947. I don't know what I was thinking about, but 1947.\n\nGHITIS: What did you think of Atlanta in 1947?\n\nSTRAUSS: It was great. It wasn't like it is now. I remember there was still\nhorse and buggy in Atlanta. I remember going down Decatur Street. Horse and\nbuggies were going ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=2850.0,2880.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/transcript/21043/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"down Decatur Street. It was a lot different. Where I live now\nwas all farm.\n\nGHITIS: Did your father still have a chance to work, to have a job?\n\nSTRAUSS: He opened up a store on Decatur Street--a clothing store. My mother and\nmy dad--that's what they did.\n\nGHITIS: Where was your first house here?\n\nSTRAUSS: They didn't have a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=2880.0,2910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/transcript/21043/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"house. They rented an apartment on Highland Avenue.\nThey went to Shearith Israel. That's where there's a synagogue near there.\n\nGHITIS: What about you?\n\nSTRAUSS: I came here. First job I got with an electric company. I worked there\nfor a little while. Then I joined the American Army because I wanted to become a\ncitizen. I joined the army and I stayed in the army. I got discharged in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=2910.0,2940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/transcript/21043/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"1950. I\nwent in the army in 1948. They sent me to Germany.\n\nGHITIS: What was your rank in the army?\n\nSTRAUSS: In the army, I was . . .\n\nGHITIS: Lieutenant?\n\nSTRAUSS: . . . not a private. The next thing after private. I can't remember\nnow. When I got discharged from the army I was a sergeant. I had to join the\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=2940.0,2970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/transcript/21043/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Reserves when I came here. That's when I became a sergeant.\n\nGHITIS: What division of the army were you?\n\nSTRAUSS: First Infantry Division.\n\nGHITIS: You joined the army. Did they send you overseas?\n\nSTRAUSS: Yes. We went to Germany. I was posted to Germany. The First Division\nwas the only division of occupation in Germany at the time. That was during the\nBerlin Airlift and all ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=2970.0,3000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/transcript/21043/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that.\n\nGHITIS: What were some of the experiences you had in Germany?\n\nSTRAUSS: One of the experiences I told you about . . .\n\nGHITIS: Right. Anything else comes to your mind?\n\nSTRAUSS: Talking to the Germans about the war, they complained to you, \"Look\nwhat they did to our cities!\" A lot of the cities were pretty much bombed out.\nOne of the cities, where my wife comes from, Nuremberg--I was stationed there\nfor a little while--was completely bombed out. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=3000.0,3030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/transcript/21043/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Frankfurt was pretty much bombed\nout and some of these other towns. They said, \"Look what they did to our\ncities.\" I said, \"Who started the war, number one? Who bombed London?\" They\ndidn't bomb London . . . there were nothing in London but the civilians . . .\nThey didn't want to hear all that.\n\nGHITIS: Did you have a chance to go to Alsfeld while you were there?\n\nSTRAUSS: Yes.\n\nGHITIS: What did you find there?\n\nSTRAUSS: There was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=3030.0,3060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/transcript/21043/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"nothing much there. I didn't stay there long. I couldn't\nstay. I didn't want to. I didn't want to fool with those people.\n\nGHITIS: You came back to America after the army. When did you meet your wife?\n\nSTRAUSS: We met . . .They had a club called the New World Club where people like\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=3060.0,3090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/transcript/21043/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"me and like my wife, who is also from Germany . . . most of the younger people\nwere in camps, survived camps. They formed this club. I think that's where I met her.\n\nGHITIS: You started your own business at some point.\n\nSTRAUSS: That came later. First job, I had to join the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=3090.0,3120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/transcript/21043/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Reserves right away. My\ncommanding officer was head of the Ford plant. I asked him for a job. I said,\n\"I'm looking for a job. Can you help me get a job?\" I was told Fort Benning was\na good place to work. They were paying $100 a week . . . in 1950 was a lot of\nmoney. He said\" \"It's hard ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=3120.0,3150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/transcript/21043/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"work. I don't know whether you can handle it.\" I\nsaid, \"Look, if somebody else can do it, I can. Just get me a job if you can.\"\nHe did. They had just let two people go that were stealing stuff. They caught\nthem stealing. I got a job at Fort Benning. I stayed there for six years. Taught\nme how to work. I remember the first day, the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=3150.0,3180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/transcript/21043/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"supervisor came and told me what\nto do on the instrument panel line. He said it's about six or seven different\nthings I had to put on that instrument panel. I said to myself, \"How am I going\nto do all that in a minute's time?\" To me, it seemed almost impossible. You do\nit. Then Union guy came later on and told me, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=3180.0,3210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/transcript/21043/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"Look, just work hard. Don't\ncomplain. If you get behind, they come to help you because they don't care. They\nneed 60 cars an hour off the end of that line. They going to do whatever they\ncan to get those 60 cars off. They'll come to help you. But don't complain. Just\nwork as hard as you can.\" He said, \"They can't fire you.\" I did. I just ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=3210.0,3240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/transcript/21043/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"worked\nas hard as I can. I got behind, thankfully somebody came and helped that first\nday. The next day, they put me somewhere else because somebody laid out and they\nneeded somebody somewhere else. The utility man came with me and showed me what\nto do. He worked with me for about a half an hour, maybe a little longer. It\nlooked pretty easy, but it was . . . for him it was easy. He left me. He said,\n\"It's all yours.\" I didn't ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=3240.0,3270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/transcript/21043/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"know anybody at all. It was the chassis line, where\nthe chassis goes to the frame. They set it on top of the frame and you put in\nsix bolts in different parts of the thing. The holes were already there.\nEverything is there. The bolts are there. You get this overhead hose that only\ngoes so far. It keeps moving. He left and I tried. The first bolt I tried to get\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=3270.0,3300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/transcript/21043/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in, I got it in crooked. I tried to get it back out. By the time I got it back\nout, it was out of reach. I didn't put any bolts in that car at all. The second\ncar, I think I put in maybe one bolt. I had time to put in one bolt before the\nthing had passed. That went on for hours like that. I didn't call anybody. I\ndidn't know who to call. I didn't stop working. The line is about this high.\nJust getting in and out of the car . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=3300.0,3330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/transcript/21043/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"after you did that for a couple hours,\njust to get in and out of the car is a job. But I did what I . . . I stayed\nthere for a whole day. Nobody ever came to . . . nobody ever helped me. I didn't\nsay anything to anybody. They didn't tell me, they didn't ask me about anything.\nThe next day, whoever's job it was came back to work and they put me back where\nI started. That's how I got started. After you stayed there for a few months,\nyou worked like a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=3330.0,3360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/transcript/21043/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"machine. You don't have any more problems.\n\nGHITIS: You worked there . . .\n\nSTRAUSS: Six years. My next door neighbor wanted me as partner in vending\nbusiness. He had a small vending company. He asked me if I was interested. I\nsaid, \"Okay. We give each other a year. If he likes me and if I like what I was\ndoing . . . if I was doing the job . . . I didn't get ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=3360.0,3390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/transcript/21043/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"together. I didn't have\nany money. He wanted too much money. I had my accountant with me. He said,\n\"Don't do it. It's too much.\" I told him that I couldn't do it. His brother was\na lawyer, Ralph . . . He came to me and he said, \"You did the right thing.\" I\ntold him I was going to start my own vending company but I wasn't going to take\nany of his ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=3390.0,3420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/transcript/21043/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"business. I said, \"I'm not going to touch anything that you got.\" He\nwas a real nice guy--very nice guy--but he was real lazy. He didn't really push\nhis business. His father-in-law got him into the business. After about a year or\nso, he got out of this business. I started off I think I had $80. I bought two\nsnack machines. In those days, you could buy ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=3420.0,3450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/transcript/21043/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"machines cheap. I bought used\nmachines. I put them in a dormitory at Emory University--the girl's dorm. That's\nhow I got started. I worked at night for six months at Carling's Brewery just to\nmake some money. In daytime, I put out machines. I learned how to repair the\nmachines, what kind of machines to buy, and how to service them. I worked out of\nmy house for about two years. Then neighbors started ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=3450.0,3480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/transcript/21043/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"complaining about the\ndeliveries--or at least I felt like they were. That's how I got started.\n\nGHITIS: What was the name of your company?\n\nSTRAUSS: Central Food Management. Finally I got a little office in\nVirginia-Highlands. Finally I had to hire somebody ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=3480.0,3510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/transcript/21043/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to get calls because machines\nbreak down and deliveries. It was a real small place right on the corner of\nHighland and Virginia. I hired this young black girl. In those days, you didn't\nhave many black girls. People didn't hire black girls. This woman next door--her\nhusband was a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=3510.0,3540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/transcript/21043/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"dentist--she came to me and she complained about that. Then I put\nempty boxes out in front of the office to be picked up. She said I couldn't do\nthat. First she said she was going to call the KKK on me because I hired that\nblack girl. I said, \"Go ahead and call them.\" She didn't. She was just trying to\nscare me. She always complained about me putting paper boxes out in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=3540.0,3570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/transcript/21043/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"front of the\nplace and all that. I found out she was like that with a lot of other people,\ntoo. She gave everybody a hard time. She had boarders in that house that she\nhad. From there, I moved to two or three other buildings before I finally got my\nown place.\n\nGHITIS: What kinds of products did you have in the vending machines? You said\nyou had snacks?\n\nSTRAUSS: Snacks, coffee ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=3570.0,3600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/transcript/21043/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"machines, everything . . . cold drink machines, sandwich\nmachines. In the beginning I had some cigarette machines, any kind of vending\nmachines. Things start changing. You start off with just snacks and coffee, and\nthen you got drink machines. Then you got sandwich machines. It just started changing.\n\nGHITIS: You started a family?\n\nSTRAUSS: Yes. I got married in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=3600.0,3630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/transcript/21043/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"1952.\n\nGHITIS: My name is Sara Ghitis. Today is October 19, 2015. We are at the Breman\nMuseum interviewing Mr. Henry Strauss. This is part two of the interview. We\nwere talking about your vending machine ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=3630.0,3660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/transcript/21043/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"company. Where were these machines set\nup? In what places?\n\nSTRAUSS: The first place, I put in that girl's dormitory at Emory. That was the\nfirst two snack machines. My wife just happened to work right across the street.\nShe worked for the child psychiatry department at ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=3660.0,3690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/transcript/21043/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Emory. She was sort of kidding\naround. She said, \"You like to work! You like those machines. You got all these\ngirls in the dormitory.\" When I walked in there, I had to call, \"Man in the\nhall!\" These girls couldn't care less whether there was a man in the hall or\nnot. You came in there and they wanted all the machines filled up. They kept . .\n. emptied the machines out twice a day. One time, I'll never ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=3690.0,3720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/transcript/21043/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"forget: I could\npark my car close to where the machines were. I left the key in machine. I was\nonly gone for a minute or so. When I came back, the keys were gone. It was a\nwhole stack of keys. There was nobody in there at the time. I saw the door close\nand somebody had just walked out into the hallway. I knew whoever got the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=3720.0,3750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/transcript/21043/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"keys\nhad to have those keys, so I followed . . . it was a girl. I followed her, which\nI wasn't supposed to do. I wanted to make sure I knew who it was. When she went\nin her room, I went upstairs to the housemother and told her what happened, the\nkeys were gone and I saw this girl. She said, \"That girl--we've had problems\nwith her. She's a senior. It's unfortunate.\" She went downstairs and talked to\nthe girl. The girl said no, she didn't know anything. I was outside the door. I\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=3750.0,3780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/transcript/21043/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"heard what she said. I said, \"If you find the keys, put them on top of the\nmachines.\" That afternoon, I came back and the keys were on top of the machines,\nso I knew she got them. That was one of the very first experiences. I put . . .\nmy first really good location was a truck line called Roadway Express. That\ncompany put me in business. I had to fill those machines up. You had 500 road\ndrivers come in there during the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=3780.0,3810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/transcript/21043/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"day, during a 24-hour period. They sit in the\nsnack room. They drank coffee. They eat snacks. They had to wait for a while to\nwait for the next truck. They'd call me in the middle of the night the machines\nbroken down or the machines empty or something. I'd go out there and fix it. As\nsoon as they called, I would go and fix it. That kept . . . They liked that.\n\nGHITIS: Was this a truck stop?\n\nSTRAUSS: It's a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=3810.0,3840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/transcript/21043/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"truck company, not a truck stop. It's a freight company, Roadway\nExpress--one of the biggest in the country. Delivered freights to Charlotte,\nNorth Carolina, to Texas, wherever they go. That was one of my first. I had a\nlot of those truck lines. They worked 24-hours a day, seven days a week. Those\npeople make good money. It was just a good ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=3840.0,3870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/transcript/21043/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"start. I went from there. I put them\nin hospitals. I put them in factories. Later on, I had cafeterias. As a matter\nof fact, where I had vending machines in some of the factories told me they\nwanted me to run their cafeterias, too, which I didn't really want to do. I had\nto do it in order to keep the vending machines there. They had to subsidize\nthose cafeterias because they want you to sell . . . the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=3870.0,3900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/transcript/21043/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"food cheaper. When I\nfinally sold the company, I had, at one time, almost 200 employees. Also, at one\ntime I delivered Meals on Wheels for Dekalb County and some of the other\ncounties around Atlanta.\n\nGHITIS: What did it take to set up a machine somewhere? Did you need a special license?\n\nSTRAUSS: No, you didn't have to have that.\n\nGHITIS: Did you ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=3900.0,3930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/transcript/21043/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"solicit?\n\nSTRAUSS: Yes, you had to solicit the business. Usually you had to pay a\ncommission. Some people wanted a lot of commission. Others wanted good service.\nThey didn't care about the commission so much . . . decent prices, but mostly\ngood service. They didn't care that much about.\n\nGHITIS: The machines were full of change, full of money?\n\nSTRAUSS: Full of change, yes. That was a big problem because you have to keep up\n. . . human nature . . . you have all that change. A lot of people that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=3930.0,3960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/transcript/21043/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"service\nthe machines have all that change in front of them take a dollar here, a dollar\nthere, whatever. You do the best you can. You can't accuse somebody of taking\nmoney when you haven't seen them do it. You can get in trouble doing that. It\ndidn't bother me if I lost a little bit. I think my wife . . . if she'd have\nseen all the money I lost, she wouldn't have been able to handle ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=3960.0,3990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/transcript/21043/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that. I know\nthat. I did okay so I wasn't worried about it.\n\nGHITIS: You lost money but you did okay.\n\nSTRAUSS: I did okay.\n\nGHITIS: I want to jump back in time to Nazi Germany. What signs did you see on\nthe streets when the Nazis came to power? Signs, swastikas . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=3990.0,4020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/transcript/21043/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"how did the\nphysical atmosphere change?\n\nSTRAUSS: They had parades all the time. They're marching through town with their\nflags up high, singing these songs like . . .\n\nGHITIS: Deutschland?\n\nSTRAUSS: \"If you march with us . . . we'll . . .\" ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=4020.0,4050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/transcript/21043/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't know. I can't remember\nall the songs right now. All these signs up, \"Jews not . . .\" I remember all\nthese stores had \"Jews not wanted here.\" After a while, everything was off\nlimits to us. We couldn't go anywhere anymore. Any pubic facility was off\nlimits. Pretty much you stuck to your own house or very, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=4050.0,4080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/transcript/21043/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"very limited area. All\nyour friends ignored you. There were very few--not 100 percent--there was always\na few people that might come and try to act like . . .\n\nGHITIS: Did you teacher ever make you feel . . .\n\nSTRAUSS: Teachers were awful, especially the main teacher. He was terrible. They\njust pretty much ignored. They didn't care what problems I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=4080.0,4110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/transcript/21043/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"had and what kind of\n. . . what happened to me. They couldn't care less.\n\nGHITIS: Did they mistreat you?\n\nSTRAUSS: No, he didn't pay much attention to me anymore. The teacher himself\ndidn't say anything to me much. I don't remember him doing that. He was a real\nNazi. I just kept to myself as much as I could, but they wouldn't let me.\n\nGHITIS: Did your ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=4110.0,4140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/transcript/21043/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"brother--your older brother, Walter--did he ever protect you?\n\nSTRAUSS: Yes, but he left in 1937. He had a lot of problems too. People picked\non him just like they did on me.\n\nGHITIS: Did he do something to . . .\n\nSTRAUSS: He wasn't the kind that would take abuse. If somebody got on him, he\nwould do the same thing. But it's ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=4140.0,4170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/transcript/21043/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"only so much you could do. When you're in such\na minority--just me against all these other people--it's bad.\n\nGHITIS: Let us jump to Africa again now. You wanted to talk about your\nexperience on the farm some more.\n\nSTRAUSS: The farm we stayed on was just a beautiful place. The farm was nice.\nBig farm, a nice ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=4170.0,4200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/transcript/21043/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"farm. At night, you could hear . . . at a certain time of the\nyear, the lions would come and kill some of the cows. You could hear that. You\ncould hear the lions. Everything is . . . you're in the middle of nowhere.\nEverything is quiet. You could hear the lions. They killed the cows. Then you\ncould hear the hyenas later on. As soon as the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=4200.0,4230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/transcript/21043/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"lions left, the hyenas would come\nand finish it off--they'd eat all the bones and stuff . . . and the wild dogs.\nYou could hear that. I loved it. It was beautiful. It wasn't scary because they\nwere far away. My dad wasn't scared. He'd go out there and try to save a cow if\nhe could, but the cows were already dead. He'd go out there just with a\nflashlight. They didn't bother you with a flashlight. The dogs went with him.\nThe dogs had more sense than he did. They backed off when the lions, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=4230.0,4260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/transcript/21043/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"naturally\nthey're not going to . . . I never had any problems. I never got . . . The only\nclose call I ever had in Africa was in the house, in the bathroom. To take a\nbath, they had to bring the water in from the outside to fill up the bathtub. To\nlet the water out, there was a hole in the wall. The water would go out that\nhole. They had a little candle in the bathroom. That's all they had--just a tiny\ncandle. I got out of the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=4260.0,4290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/transcript/21043/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"bathtub, dried myself, and I turned around. There was a\ncobra standing about this high about as far away from me as I am from you. I was\nfacing the other way and I turned around and saw it. You know how cobras are . .\n. their heads . . . He was expanded . . . The head came right out. It started\nspitting at me. I had a towel. I threw the towel on its neck. That's all I\nhad--that towel. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=4290.0,4320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/transcript/21043/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Then I went out of that room. The snake went out through that\nsame hole and it was gone. If I'd have made just one step back . . . if I hadn't\nhave turned around, that snake would have gotten me. There was no way to get\nhelp. It would have taken at least a day. By that time, it would have been too\nlate. Who knows, they might not even been able to help me had I gotten there.\nThat was the closest I ever had. Nothing else. I never had ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=4320.0,4350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/transcript/21043/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"any other problem. I\nsaw a lot of snakes and a lot of different things, but I felt safer there than I\ndo walking in Atlanta. I never had any other problems. That was the only close\ncall I had. Other people had other problems . . .\n\nGHITIS: What about racial problems?\n\nSTRAUSS: No racial problems. I treated those natives just like I would anybody\nelse. To me, just because they weren't educated . . . some of them on the\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=4350.0,4380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/transcript/21043/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"farms--especially in some of the areas a little further away from the\nfarm--they'd never even seen a white person before--especially the younger\npeople. I never any problems with the black people there. It's just like\neverybody else . . . I treated them just like I would anybody else. They treated\nme the same way.\n\nGHITIS: You made some good friends when you were in Africa.\n\nSTRAUSS: Yes, I made some good friends.\n\nGHITIS: Could you talk ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=4380.0,4410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/transcript/21043/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about that friendship? One was Peter and the other was Günter?\n\nSTRAUSS: Yes, Günter came from Germany. He was six months older than I was.\nVery smart guy. I boarded with his family, with his parents for a long time.\nThey treated me just like I was a son, just like they did their own son. My\nparents were on the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=4410.0,4440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/transcript/21043/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"farm. In order to go to school, I stayed with them. We\nbecame real close friends. He went to work on the mine. He worked in the mine\nitself, underground. Eventually, he met an Israeli girl in Africa whose father\nwas an electrical engineer. He helped build an electrical plant. He met his\ndaughter and went to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=4440.0,4470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/transcript/21043/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Israel. He was a big smoker. He got emphysema real bad. It\nkilled him at a young age.\n\nGHITIS: Did you stay in touch?\n\nSTRAUSS: Yes, we stayed in touch. As a matter of fact, I even sent him some\nmoney sometimes. He started a business that didn't work out. It's a shame. He\ncame to visit us one time. Then Peter was . . . his father was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=4470.0,4500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/transcript/21043/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a real well known\nlawyer in Breslau, Germany. Well known. I think he even taught.\n\nGHITIS: His full name was Peter . . .\n\nSTRAUSS: Frankl.\n\nGHITIS: Günter's was . . .\n\nSTRAUSS: Isaac. Günter also was pretty religious. Peter wasn't. He was real\nsmart. He went to University of the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=4500.0,4530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/transcript/21043/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Witwatersrand in Johannesburg, which is\nreally the biggest university in South Africa. While he was there, he became\ncaptain of the debating team. They won the first price in the British Empire.\nThen later on, he met somebody in Africa . . . some pretty well known person . .\n. some woman. He got ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=4530.0,4560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/transcript/21043/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"married. He moved to England. He ended up working for the\nBBC. He was in charge of the Eastern European affairs for the BBC. Once in while\nI hear from him . . . He wrote books about Africa. He was very liberal at that\ntime. I didn't go for that too much at that time at all--liberal that and\nliberal ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=4560.0,4590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/transcript/21043/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this . . .\n\nGHITIS: Now you do?\n\nSTRAUSS: I'm more liberal now than I was then, yes. When I say liberal, it's\nmore of the Communist side . . . somehow I didn't . . .\n\nGHITIS: Let us talk a little about your family. You said how you met wife.\n\nSTRAUSS: Let me say something about my wife. I couldn't have done any of this\nbusiness or ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=4590.0,4620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/transcript/21043/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"anything without the help of my wife. She was great. She supported\nme even in the beginning, when I worked at Ford plant, not making . . . making\n$100 a week. She came from . . . originally, her family was well off in\nGermany--not so much here, but in Germany they were well off. She came from a\nfamily like. It was . . . I really admired that from her. She helped me all the\nway through. She still ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=4620.0,4650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/transcript/21043/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"does. A great marriage. 63 years. Without her, I couldn't\nhave done any of this.\n\nGHITIS: What's her name?\n\nSTRAUSS: Elizabeth Strauss. It used to be Elizabeth Schulhofer.\n\nGHITIS: You had three children?\n\nSTRAUSS: Three children.\n\nGHITIS: What are their names?\n\nSTRAUSS: Their names are: Stephen Strauss, Karen ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=4650.0,4680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/transcript/21043/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Baron, and Margaret Weiss.\n\nGHITIS: They're all married?\n\nSTRAUSS: They're all married. We have seven grandchildren. They're all doing\nwell. One of them went to Harvard Law School . . . three of them graduated from\nUniversity of Michigan, one from University of North Carolina, one from\nMaryland, one ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=4680.0,4710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/transcript/21043/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from University of Rochester . . . one of them is going to school\nat Tulane right now.\n\nGHITIS: Who are your children's spouses? I know Roz.\n\nSTRAUSS: Yes, Roz. The other is . . . Margaret is married to a dermatologist.\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=4710.0,4740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/transcript/21043/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The other one, Karen, is married to an epidemiologist. He's retired now.\n\nGHITIS: Roz is a lawyer and the architect of what's going on here.\n\nSTRAUSS: Right.\n\nGHITIS: I have . . . before the final question . . . did you go back to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=4740.0,4770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/transcript/21043/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Germany\noutside of the military?\n\nSTRAUSS: Yes.\n\nGHITIS: You took a trip?\n\nSTRAUSS: I took my wife and some of my kids one time. Then I went with my\nbrother, too.\n\nGHITIS: How was that experience?\n\nSTRAUSS: It wasn't all that much. My wife wanted to go to Nuremberg. We went\nthere. We went to Alsfeld. Showed her our house. Mainly, we went to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=4770.0,4800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/transcript/21043/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a cemetery.\nThat was about it. We didn't talk to many people. There was a German person, a\nhistorian. He was nice. He wrote a book about the Jewish people in that area. He\ndid a lot. He got money from the German government to fix up the Jewish\ncemetery. He even took us to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=4800.0,4830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/transcript/21043/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a place called . . . It's near Alsfeld. Where my\ngrandparents came from. They had a little cemetery right in the middle of a\nfield that hadn't been taken care of at all. He was decent guy. Just passed away\nrecently. My experience in Germany ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=4830.0,4860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/transcript/21043/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was . . . I tried to stay away from there as\nmuch as possible. It didn't make any sense.\n\nGHITIS: Do you know how many generations of your family have been German? Do you\nknow where they originally came from?\n\nSTRAUSS: No, I don't know anything. I know the Jewish people in that area in\nGermany have been there since twelfth century. The first synagogue was built in\n1350. They've been there a long ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=4860.0,4890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/transcript/21043/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"time.\n\nGHITIS: I have a final question. Your amazing story will be heard by generations\nto come. Is there something you have learned from life and from your experience\nthat you would like to tell ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=4890.0,4920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/transcript/21043/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"them? Do you have a message for the future?\n\nSTRAUSS: No. I wouldn't . . . I don't know. I can't say I do. I know . . . the\nproudest I am, what makes me happy, what I'm proud of that I have a great\nfamily, great grandkids. Hitler didn't get us ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=4920.0,4950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/transcript/21043/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"all. That's what I'm proud of more\nthan anything else. That's the most important thing to me. Hopefully they have\ntheir families and hope they'll go from there and do the same thing. That's what\nmakes me happy. They're all good kids. I tried to be . . . hopefully I was able\nto add to that a little bit.\n\nGHITIS: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=4950.0,4980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/transcript/21043/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"How do you feel about the experience of telling your story? How has this been?\n\nSTRAUSS: I'm glad I finally did it. I didn't really want to do it for a long\ntime. I think you helped a lot in that respect. You really did. You made me feel\nat ease. That's good.\n\nGHITIS: Thank you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=4980.0,5010.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/annotation_set/262","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Annotations [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/annotation_set/262/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAlsfeld is a town in the center of Hessen, in Germany. The town lies on the Schwalm River and is located about 100 kilometers (62 miles) northwest of Frankfurt, Germany. Evidence suggests the town had already begun to develop as early as the ninth century and many half-timbered medieval buildings still survive today.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/annotation_set/262/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOrthodox Judaism is a traditional branch of Judaism that strictly follows the Written \u003cem\u003eTorah\u003c/em\u003e and the Oral Law concerning prayer, dress, food, sex, family relations, social behavior, the Sabbath day, holidays and more. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=90.0,120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/annotation_set/262/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eConservative Judaism is a form of Judaism that seeks to preserve Jewish tradition and ritual but has a more flexible approach to the interpretation of the law than Orthodox Judaism. It attempts to combine a positive attitude toward modern culture, while preserving a commitment to Jewish observance. They also observe gender equality (mixed seating, women rabbis and \u003cem\u003ebat mitzvahs\u003c/em\u003e). \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=120.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/annotation_set/262/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe synagogue in Alsfeld was built in 1905 on Lutherstrasse. It was mostly destroyed by fire on \u003cem\u003eKristallnacht\u003c/em\u003e and the surviving structure was later turned into a residence. A Star of David from the tower of the synagogue, Torah scrolls, and other memorabilia from the Jewish community are now on display at the \u003cem\u003eRegionalmuseum Alsfeld\u003c/em\u003e.  \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=120.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/annotation_set/262/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe cost of paying for World War I and the resultant reparations severely damaged the German economy. A period of hyperinflation plagued Germany between 1921 and 1924. To combat the inflation, the government began printing exaggerated amounts of money. The result was that German bills became essentially worthless—paying for even small items could require huge stacks of money. The severe hyperinflation is widely believed to have contributed to Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party’s success in taking over the German government in the 1930’s.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=270.0,300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/annotation_set/262/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePassover or \u003cem\u003ePesach\u003c/em\u003e [Hebrew] is an eight-day holiday that celebrates the anniversary of Israel’s liberation from Egyptian bondage. On the first two nights of Passover, the \u003cem\u003eseder\u003c/em\u003e, the central event of the holiday is celebrated. The \u003cem\u003eseder\u003c/em\u003e service is one of the most colorful and joyous occasions in Jewish life. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=330.0,360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/annotation_set/262/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSukkot\u003c/em\u003e is one of the Harvest Festivals. It is seven days long and comes after the ingathering of the yearly harvest. It celebrates G-d’s bounty in nature and G-d’s protection. During \u003cem\u003eSukkot\u003c/em\u003e, Jews transfer their living quarters from the house to a \u003cem\u003esukkah\u003c/em\u003e, which is a makeshift booth whose roof is of branches or vegetation thin enough to let the rain in. People eat in the \u003cem\u003esukkah\u003c/em\u003e and many pious Jews sleep there. The \u003cem\u003esukkah\u003c/em\u003e is meant to remind Jews of the booths in which their ancestors dwelt when they wandered in the wilderness during the Exodus. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=330.0,360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/annotation_set/262/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eKosher/\u003cem\u003eKashrut\u003c/em\u003e is the set of Jewish dietary laws. Food that may be consumed according to \u003cem\u003ehalakhah\u003c/em\u003e (Jewish law) is termed ‘kosher’ in English. Kosher refers to Jewish laws that dictate how food is prepared or served and which kinds of foods or animals can be eaten. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=360.0,390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/annotation_set/262/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIn 1932, Adolf Hitler and his party, the National Socialist German Workers' Party (or Nazi Party), was elected to fill more seats in the \u003cem\u003eReichstag\u003c/em\u003e (parliament) than any other party. In 1933, democratically elected President Paul von Hindenburg appointed Hitler Chancellor of Germany, a position responsible for leading the \u003cem\u003eReichstag\u003c/em\u003e. As Chancellor, he began transforming his position into a dictatorial one. When the President died in 1934, Hitler declared himself head of state and effectively became absolute dictator of Germany under the title of Fuhrer [German: \u003cem\u003eFührer\u003c/em\u003e]. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=390.0,420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/annotation_set/262/annotation/177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe \u003cem\u003eSS\u003c/em\u003e or \u003cem\u003eSchutzstaffel\u003c/em\u003e was a major paramilitary organization under Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party. It began at the end of 1920. Under Heinrich Himmler’s leadership, it grew from a small paramilitary formation to one of the largest and most powerful organizations in the Third Reich. It was responsible for many of the crimes against humanity during World War II. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=450.0,480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/annotation_set/262/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe \u003cem\u003eSturmabteilung\u003c/em\u003e, also known as the “Storm Troopers,” “Brown Shirts,” or “SA,” was the paramilitary of the Nazi Party commanded by Ernst Rohm (German: Röhm) and responsible for helping Adolf Hitler rise to power in Germany in the 1920’s and early 1930’s. By 1934, tensions within the party saw Heinrich Himmler and the \u003cem\u003eSS\u003c/em\u003e (\u003cem\u003eSchutzstaffel\u003c/em\u003e) replace Rohm and the \u003cem\u003eSturmabteilung\u003c/em\u003e’s position as the dominant organization within the Nazi Party. \"SR\" is an abbreviation sometimes used in place of \"SA\". \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=450.0,480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/annotation_set/262/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIn the years between 1933 and 1939, Nazi Party leaders began to persecute Jews through a series of antisemitic legislation that included more than 400 decrees and regulations restricting all aspects of their public and private lives. The anti-Jewish policies brought radical and daunting social, economic, and communal change to the German Jewish community. Jewish citizens found themselves increasingly disenfranchised. In 1933, German law restricted the number of Jewish students at German schools and universities. After \u003cem\u003eKristallnacht\u003c/em\u003e, Jews were barred from all public schools and universities. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=510.0,540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/annotation_set/262/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBad Nauheim is a town approximately 35 kilometers (22 miles) north of Frankfurt and approximately 70 kilometers (43 miles) southwest of Alsfeld. Bad Nauheim’s Jewish community opened a public regional school in January 1937. A dormitory for students from other communities was also opened. By the summer of 1937, 170 students attended the school and 60 were residents of the dormitory. The school closed in 1940.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=510.0,540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/annotation_set/262/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Rothschild family is a Jewish family descending from Mayer Amschel Rothschild, who established his banking business in Frankfurt in the 1760’s. His five sons established themselves in London, Paris, Vienna, Naples, and Frankfurt. By the mid-nineteenth century, the family possessed a sizeable private fortune and was known for their philanthropic work in the Jewish community. According to Wassermann, Henry, ed. \u003cem\u003ePinkas Hakehilot: Encyclopedia of Jewish Communities\u003c/em\u003e (Hesse, Hesse-Nassau, Frankfurt). Vol. 3. (Jerusalem, Israel: Yad Vashem, 1992). \u0026lt;http://www.jewishgen.org/yizkor/Pinkas_germany/ger3_00084.html\u0026gt;, the school in Bad Nauheim was opened in the building of the children's hospice. The Rothschild family had opened a Jewish Home for Women in Bad Nauheim in 1905, but it is unclear whether this is the same building.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=600.0,630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/annotation_set/262/annotation/182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBluefield is a town located in the Appalachian Mountains, in southern West Virginia, near the border of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=660.0,690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/annotation_set/262/annotation/183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e‘Kindertransport’ is the name given to a series of rescue missions that assisted Jewish children in leaving Nazi-occupied Europe. The majority of the around 10,000 predominantly Jewish children were placed in British foster homes, hostels, and on farms, although some were initially sent to France and others went on to the United States.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=660.0,690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/annotation_set/262/annotation/184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIt is possible Henry’s brother was part of something known as the “One Thousand Children,” which refers to approximately 1,400 Jewish children who were rescued from Nazi Germany and Nazi-occupied or threatened European countries. The children were brought directly to the United States between 1934 and 1945 and placed in foster homes. Most of the children came through official programs run by private refugee agencies such as the German Jewish Children’s Aid (GJCA), The Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society (HIAS), the American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee (colloquially known as “the Joint”), and the Society of Friends (Quakers). Prior to \u003cem\u003eKristallnacht\u003c/em\u003e, the children arrived in small groups, totaling about 100 annually. The passenger manifest of the \u003cem\u003eSS Hansa\u003c/em\u003e shows 13-year-old Walter Strauss leaving Hamburg, Germany on April 9, 1937 with 13 other unaccompanied German and Polish Jewish children between the ages of 11 and 14. The ship arrived in New York, New York on April 17, 1937. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=660.0,690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/annotation_set/262/annotation/185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIn January 1933 there were approximately 523,000 Jews in Germany. When the Nazis came to power, there was an initial wave of emigration, mostly to neighboring European countries, which would later be occupied by the Nazis. In 1938—especially after \u003cem\u003eKristallnacht\u003c/em\u003e—Jewish emigration increased dramatically. Only about 202,000 Jews remained in Germany by the end of 1939. Until October 1941, German policy officially encouraged Jewish emigration. However, American immigration quotas and the increasing reluctance of European and British Commonwealth countries to accept additional Jewish refugees combined with increasingly restrictive German policies to make emigration increasingly difficult. Approximately 304,000 German Jews emigrated during the first six years of the Nazi dictatorship. By October 1941, when Jewish emigration was officially forbidden, the number of Jews in Germany had declined to 163,000.  \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=750.0,780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/annotation_set/262/annotation/186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAbout half of the estimated 70,000 Jews in the state of Hesse fled Germany in the years between 1933 and 1941. Most of them immigrated to countries such as England, the United States, Palestine, and the Netherlands. Many also went to countries such as Brazil, Argentina, Chile, and even Shanghai, China.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=810.0,840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/annotation_set/262/annotation/187","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOn November 8 and 9, 1938, the Nazis started a state-sponsored nationwide pogrom. Across the country (and in Austria) Jewish synagogues, homes and businesses were looted and burned, Jews were attacked on the streets and 91 were killed. The pogrom was called ‘\u003cem\u003eKristallnacht\u003c/em\u003e,’ which means ‘Night of Broken Glass,’ because of all the damage done to Jewish shop windows. Thousands of Jewish men were sent to concentration camps and the Jews were made to pay for the damages to their premises. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=840.0,870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/annotation_set/262/annotation/188","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe song Henry is referring to is an antisemitic variation of a song called the ‘\u003cem\u003eHeckerlied\u003c/em\u003e.’ The original version was an anti-monarchy anthem written during the Baden Revolution of 1848. After World War I, different revolutionary groups began to adopt altered versions of the song. The SA’s antisemitic version of the song originates from around 1920.  \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=930.0,960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/annotation_set/262/annotation/189","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBad Nauheim was used as a residential area for American occupation forces after World War II. Despite its proximity to Frankfurt and Hitler's command complex in nearby Langenhain-Ziegenberg, Bad Nauheim was totally spared from Allied bombing.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=990.0,1020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/annotation_set/262/annotation/190","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBuchenwald was established in a wooded area near Weimer, Germany at the beginning July 1937. Originally it held political prisoners, criminals, Communists, “asocials” etc. from the area. The camp also came to house Soviet prisoners-of-war. After \u003cem\u003eKristallnacht\u003c/em\u003e on November 9, 1938, German SS and police sent almost 10,000 Jews to Buchenwald. They were subjected to extraordinary cruelty upon arrival and 600 Jewish prisoners died during their brief imprisonment. Due to pressure from the victim’s families and Jewish and International organizations, the Germans released over 9,000 Jews from Buchenwald at the end of 1938. As a condition of release, prisoners often agreed to forfeit their property and assets and emigrate immediately. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=1080.0,1110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/annotation_set/262/annotation/191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCape Town is the third most populous city in South Africa and the legislative capital of the country. It is located at the southwestern tip of Africa.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=1170.0,1200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/annotation_set/262/annotation/192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eNorthern Rhodesia was a British protectorate in south central Africa, formed in 1911. The country became independent in 1964 as Zambia. Until the outbreak of World War II, it was open to Jewish immigration. In 1938 and 1939, around 300 German Jews arrived in Northern Rhodesia, as did smaller groups from Austria, Lithuania, and Latvia. There was limited awareness among European Jews of Northern Rhodesia’s willingness to accept immigrants, however, and the majority who came did so with the assistance of family members who had already settled in Africa.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=1170.0,1200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/annotation_set/262/annotation/193","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHamburg is located in northern Germany on the Elbe River. It is the second-largest city in Germany and the second-largest port in Europe.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=1200.0,1230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/annotation_set/262/annotation/194","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBeira is the second largest city in Mozambique. The Port of Beira acts as a gateway for both the central interior portion of the country as well as the land-locked nations of Zimbabwe, Zambia, and Malawi. The country of Mozambique is commonly referred to as Portuguese East Africa when referencing the historic period between 1498 and 1975, when it was a Portuguese overseas territory. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=1200.0,1230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/annotation_set/262/annotation/195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWorld War II began within two months of the Strauss family’s departure, when, on September 1, 1939, Germany invaded Poland.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=1320.0,1350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/annotation_set/262/annotation/196","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSmolensk is a Russian city located 360 kilometers (224 miles) west of Moscow, Russia, close to the border of present-day Belarus, on the main route to Warsaw, Poland. The German army captured Smolensk in July 1941. Fierce fighting destroyed most of the city before the Russian army liberated it on September 25, 1943. In October 1941, German authorities began deporting Jews from the so-called Greater German Reich—including Austria and the annexed Czech lands of Bohemia and Moravia. They were sent to ghettos, labor camps, shooting sites, concentration camps, and killing centers, primarily in German-occupied Poland, the German-occupied Baltic States, and German-occupied Belarus. By May 1943, the mass deportations had left fewer than 20,000 Jews in Germany and the Reich was declared \u003cem\u003eJudenrein\u003c/em\u003e [German: free of Jews]. It is unclear where Henry’s sister was sent. The nearby city of Frankfurt was one of the gathering points for large groups of German Jews being deported east and seems a probable point of deportation for her. Three large transports left Frankfurt in 1941 for ghettos in Minsk and Lodz, Poland and Kaunas, Lithuania. In 1942 and 1943, more transports left Frankfurt for the ghettos in Lublin, Poland and Thereseinstadt, Czechoslovakia as well as the Sobibor extermination camp in Poland. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=1350.0,1380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/annotation_set/262/annotation/197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTreblinka was an extermination facility in the Lublin district of Poland. Between July 1942 and its closure in early 1943, nearly 900,000 souls from all over Poland and Europe were murdered at Treblinka.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=1380.0,1410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/annotation_set/262/annotation/198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eReserve Police Battalion 101 was a unit of the German Order Police [Ordnungspolizei or Orpo] that played a central role in the implementation of the Final Solution against the Jewish people and the repression of the Polish population. The unit was largely comprised of middle-aged working- or middle-class men from Hamburg and was one of thirteen police formations put at the disposal of the German army during the invasion of Poland in 1939. During the war, members of the battalion participated in the round up and expulsion of Jews, Poles and Gypsies, the guarding and liquidation of ghettos, the deportation to concentration camps and the mass shooting of civilians. Battalion 101 operated primarily in the areas around Lublin, Poland. Between July 1942 and November 1943, it is estimated that Battalion 101 was responsible for the shooting deaths of more than 38,000 Jews and the deportation of 45,000 others.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=1380.0,1410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/annotation_set/262/annotation/199","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDespite official German policy encouraging Jews to emigrate, the cost for Jews to leave Germany was increasingly and prohibitively high in the years leading up to World War II. At first, confiscation of Jewish property was “voluntary.” Eventually, it was forcibly transferred to so-called “Aryans” (non-Jews) in a process known as \u003cem\u003eArisierung\u003c/em\u003e [German: Aryanization]. In order to further pay the various taxes and restrictions imposed on Jews leaving Germany and the high cost of emigration, many Jews were forced to sell their real estate, possessions, and other assets for far less than their actual worth. To keep the purchase and sale of Jewish property and assets “legal,” local currency offices policed emigration. Henry’s mother had probably already sold or lost ownership of her shoe store prior to selling the house. The amount of currency and assets Jews were allowed to take out of Germany was also highly restricted and Mrs. Strauss likely paid a large amount of money to take the crate of furniture with them when they emigrated. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=1470.0,1500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/annotation_set/262/annotation/200","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe \u003cem\u003eAdmiral Graf Spee\u003c/em\u003e was an armored ship, sometimes referred to as \"pocket battleship\" launched in 1934 by the \u003cem\u003eKriegmarine\u003c/em\u003e [German: War Navy] of Nazi Germany. It was scuttled off the coast of Montevideo, Uruguay on December 17, 1939 after being damaged in a confrontation with British ships in the Battle of the River Plate, in which 36 German sailors were killed and 60 more were wounded.  \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=1530.0,1560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/annotation_set/262/annotation/201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePrior to Mozambique gaining its independence from Portuguese rule in 1974, the city of Maputo was known as Lourenco Marques [Portuguese: Lourenço Marques]. Maputo is the capital and largest city of Mozambique. It is a port city on the Indian Ocean.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=1710.0,1740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/annotation_set/262/annotation/202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBeira is the second largest city in Mozambique. Its port acts as a gateway for both the central interior portion of the country as well as the land-locked nations of Zimbabwe, Zambia, and Malawi. The country of Mozambique is commonly referred to as Portuguese East Africa when referencing the historic period between 1498 and 1975, when it was a Portuguese overseas territory. Some Jews who were traders settled in Mozambique in the various Portuguese trading settlements established along the coast. In the years leading up to World War II, Jewish refugees began arriving in larger numbers. Most escaped Germany by travelling on Portuguese documents and arrived in port cities like Beira, where they awaited entry visas to South Africa or Northern or Southern Rhodesia. Most arrived nearly destitute and were dependent upon various committees for assistance. A shipper and one of the residents of the very small Jewish community in Beira, Jonah Barnett (also known as J.M. Barnett), was well known for his efforts to care for the refugees and assistance in obtaining necessary documents from the immigration authorities.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=1830.0,1860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/annotation_set/262/annotation/203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Republic of Zimbabwe, is a landlocked country located in southern Africa, between Mozambique and South Africa. Prior to winning its independence in 1980, it was known as Southern Rhodesia.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=2160.0,2190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/annotation_set/262/annotation/204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLusaka is the capital and largest city of Zambia.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=2220.0,2250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/annotation_set/262/annotation/205","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSir Raphael \"Roy\" Welensky (1907-1991) was born to a Lithuanian Jewish father and Afrikaner mother in what is present-day Zimbabwe. He was a leader in the Rhodesian Railway Worker’s Union, a Northern Rhodesian politician, and the second and last prime minister of the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=2220.0,2250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/annotation_set/262/annotation/206","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFormed in 1941, the African Mine Workers Union was led by J. B. Marks at that time.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=2220.0,2250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/annotation_set/262/annotation/207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eNkana is a section of the city of Kitwe, Zambia. Nkana started off in the early part of the twentieth century as a railway station to support the growing complex of copper mining operations. It was named after Chief Nkana, the local traditional ruler. The copper mines of Nkana have been in operation since 1931 and were among the largest copper mines in the world. They were originally owned by Anglo American Corporation but are owned by Mopani Copper Mines PLC today.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=2370.0,2400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/annotation_set/262/annotation/208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe city of Kitwe grew up as a service town for the Nkana mines but soon swallowed them up and the city is known as Kitwe today, although the name Kitwe-Nkana is still sometimes used. Kitwe is now the second largest city in Zambia, located in central Zambia along the country’s northern border. It is one of the most developed commercial and industrial areas in the nation, with multiple mines.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=2400.0,2430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/annotation_set/262/annotation/209","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRhodesia refers to a historical region in southern Africa, whose formal political boundaries evolved between the 1890’s and 1980. The area was under British authority until “Northern Rhodesia” became independent as Zambia in 1964. In 1965, Southern Rhodesia declared its independence and existed as the unrecognized state of Rhodesia until 1979. In 1980, it achieved international recognition as Zimbabwe.  Northern and Southern Rhodesia were sometimes informally called \"Rhodesia\".\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=2400.0,2430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/annotation_set/262/annotation/210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAnglo American PLC is a multinational mining company headquartered in London, United Kingdom. It has operations in Africa, Asia, Australasia, Europe, North America and South America. Sir Ernest Oppenheimer, along with the American bank J.P. Morgan \u0026amp; Co, founded the Anglo American Corporation, a gold mining company, in 1917. The AAC became the majority stakeholder in the De Beers company in 1926. In 1928, the AAC began mining in the Zambian Copperbelt. Anglo American Corporation merged with Minorco, a holding company based in Luxembourg, in 1999 to form Anglo American PLC. The Oppenheimer family remains the largest shareholder of Anglo American.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=2520.0,2550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/annotation_set/262/annotation/211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSir Ernest Oppenheimer was born into a German Jewish family in 1880. He arrived in South Africa in 1902. He became a diamond and gold mining entrepreneur, financier, and philanthropist. He controlled De Beers diamond mining company and founded the Anglo American Corporation of South Africa in 1917. Ernest died in Johannesburg in 1957. Today, his descendants are the wealthiest family in South Africa.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=2520.0,2550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/annotation_set/262/annotation/212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIn the beginning of the twenty-first century, companies like Anglo American began downsizing their mining operations and selling many of their facilities in South Africa. The region’s diamond and gold production have decreased significantly. However, South Africa remains the world’s largest producer of other minerals. Unable to meet its annual demand for iron ore, copper, zinc, nickel, and a range of other raw materials, China has shown an increased interest in mining operations in South Africa.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=2520.0,2550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/annotation_set/262/annotation/213","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Copperbelt is a region of Central Africa running through northern Zambia and the southern Democratic Republic of Congo known for copper mining. The Copperbelt refers to Zambia’s Copperbelt Province (around the towns of Ndola, Kitwe, Chingola, Luanshya, and Mufulira) and the Congo's Katanga Province with its major city at Lubumbashi. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=2550.0,2580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/annotation_set/262/annotation/214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGerman Southwest Africa [German: \u003cem\u003eDeutsch-Südwestafrika\u003c/em\u003e] was a German colony in southwestern Africa from 1884 until 1919. Today, it is the nation of Namibia. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=2610.0,2640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/annotation_set/262/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAlbert, Martha, and Heinz Strauss sailed from Durban, South Africa and arrived in Southampton, England on January 16, 1948 aboard the British ocean liner \u003cem\u003eRMMV Stirling Castle\u003c/em\u003e. Southampton is a major port city situated 121 kilometers (75 miles) southwest of London, England. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=2670.0,2700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/annotation_set/262/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAlbert, Martha, and Heinz Strauss sailed from Southampton, England and arrived in New York City, New York on January 23, 1948 aboard the British ocean liner \u003cem\u003eRMS Queen Elizabeth\u003c/em\u003e. \u003cem\u003eRMS Queen Elizabeth\u003c/em\u003e was a luxury ocean liner operated by the Cunard Line between 1938 and 1968. She provided service between Southampton, the United Kingdom, and New York City, New York via Cherbourg, France. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=2670.0,2700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/annotation_set/262/annotation/217","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLaurence Harvey (1928-1973) was born Laruschka Mischa Skikne in Lithuania to Jewish parents. The family moved to South Africa in 1933 and he was known as Harry Skikne. After moving to London and again changing his name to Laurence Harvey, he appeared in stage, film and television productions primarily in the United Kingdom and the United States.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=2670.0,2700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/annotation_set/262/annotation/218","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDecatur Street is one of the original seven streets of Atlanta, Georgia; it was also a famous entertainment area from the 1850’s through the early twentieth century. Today, Decatur Street cuts across the Georgia State University campus in the downtown area, while farther east it is part of the Sweet Auburn neighborhood.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=2850.0,2880.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/annotation_set/262/annotation/219","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHighland Avenue, is a major thoroughfare in northeast Atlanta, Georgia, forming a major business corridor connecting the neighborhoods of Morningside, Virginia-Highland, Poncey Highland, Inman Park and the Old Fourth Ward.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=2910.0,2940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/annotation_set/262/annotation/220","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFounded in 1904, Shearith Israel began as a congregation that met in the homes of congregants until 1906 when they began using a Methodist church on Hunter Street. After World War II, Rabbi Tobias Geffen moved the congregation to University Drive, where it became the first synagogue in DeKalb County. In the 1960’s, they removed the barrier between the men’s and women’s sections in the sanctuary, and officially became affiliated with the Conservative movement in 2002.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=2910.0,2940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/annotation_set/262/annotation/221","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAfter the United States entered World War II, Congress acted to provide for the expedited naturalization of noncitizens serving honorably in the U.S. Armed Forces. The Second War Powers Act of 1942 exempted noncitizen service members from naturalization requirements related to age, race, residence, any educational tests, fees, filing a declaration of intention, and enemy alien status. Noncitizen service members who wished to naturalize still needed to show that they had served honorably, had good moral character, were attached to the principals of the Constitution, and had a favorable disposition toward the good order and happiness of the United States. No member of the military was forced to naturalize and service members did not “automatically” gain citizenship upon joining the Armed Forces. To become a citizen, a naturalizing service member needed to file a petition for naturalization and swear the required Oath of Allegiance.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=2910.0,2940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/annotation_set/262/annotation/222","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe United States Army Reserve (USAR) is the federal reserve force of the United States Army. Since World War I, the Reserves have provided a peacetime pool of trained officers and enlisted men.  \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=2970.0,3000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/annotation_set/262/annotation/223","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFormed in 1917, when the United States entered World War I, the First Infantry Division is the oldest continuously serving division in the United States Army. In World War II, the unit took part in the Allied invasion of North Africa in November 1942, invaded Italy in July 1943, and stormed Omaha Beach on D-Day (June 6, 1944). After taking part in the Battle of the Bulge in Belgium, the unit entered Germany and, on March 15, 1945, crossed the Rhine. The 1st Infantry Division is recognized as the liberating unit of Zwodau and Falkenau an der Eger, subcamps of the Flossenbürg concentration camp. Following the war, the First Division remained in Germany as occupation troops until 1955.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=2970.0,3000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/annotation_set/262/annotation/224","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFrom 1945 to 1949, Germany was occupied by the Allied forces and divided into four administrative zones by the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, France and the United States. The American occupied zone was in the southern portion of Germany and included the cities of Munich, Frankfurt, Stuttgart, and Nuremberg. In 1949, the occupying powers in both East and West Germany replaced their military governors with civilian leaders, and the occupations ended officially in the mid-1950’s. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=2970.0,3000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/annotation_set/262/annotation/225","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAt the end of the World War II, US, British, and Soviet military forces divided and occupied Germany. Berlin was located far inside Soviet-controlled eastern Germany. The United States, United Kingdom, and France controlled western portions of the city, while Soviet troops controlled the eastern sector. As the wartime alliance between the Western Allies and the Soviet Union ended and relations turned hostile, the question of whether the western occupation zones in Berlin would remain under Western Allied control or whether the city would be absorbed into Soviet-controlled eastern Germany led to the first crisis of the Cold War. On June 24, 1948, Soviet forces blockaded rail, road, and water access to Allied-controlled areas of Berlin. The United States and United Kingdom responded by airlifting food and fuel to Berlin from Allied airbases in western Germany. The crisis ended on May 12, 1949, when Soviet forces lifted the blockade on land access to western Berlin.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=2970.0,3000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/annotation_set/262/annotation/226","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eNuremberg [German: Nürnberg] is a city in Bavaria, Germany on the Pegnitz River and the Rhine–Main–Danube Canal. It is distinguished by its medieval architecture. The Nazi Party held its massive annual rally in Nuremberg from 1927 to 1938.  The city was severely damaged by Allied bombing from 1943-1945 and further devastated by intense German resistance as United States troops advanced into the city at the end of the war.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=3000.0,3030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/annotation_set/262/annotation/227","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFrankfurt is a central German city on the Main River. It is the largest financial center in continental Europe. Prior to World War II, Frankfurt was notable as having the largest timber-framed old town in Europe, but much of the city was destroyed during the war and rebuilt afterward.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=3030.0,3060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/annotation_set/262/annotation/228","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGerman bombs repeatedly targeted London, killing thousands of civilians, throughout the war. Between September 7, 1940 and May 21, 1941, the German \u003cem\u003eLuftwaffe\u003c/em\u003e (Air Force) strategically bombed 16 British cities. The period of sustained aerial raids became known as “The Blitz” (shortened from the German \u003cem\u003eBlitzkreig\u003c/em\u003e, meaning “lightning war”). More than one million London houses were destroyed or damaged, and more than 40,000 civilians were killed, almost half of them in London. Then, between June and August 1944, Germany fired nearly 8,000 V-1 rockets at London and Southern England in what was called the “Second Blitz.” London was targeted a third time beginning on September 8, 1944, when Germany launched its V-2 rockets. The V-2s killed or wounded over 6,000 people in London, Paris, and Belgium and seriously injured and maimed another 18,000.  \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=3030.0,3060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/annotation_set/262/annotation/229","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe New World Club was a support group formed by German Jews who immigrated to Atlanta immediately prior to the outbreak of World War II.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=3060.0,3090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/annotation_set/262/annotation/230","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFord Motor Company is an American automaker founded by Henry Ford in Detroit, Michigan in 1903. Opened in 1947, the Atlanta Assembly Plant produced various Ford and Mercury models including the Ford Fairlane, Falcon, Fairmont, Taurus, Torino, Zephyr, Mercury Cougar, and Sable. The Atlanta plant ceased operations and closed in 2006.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=3120.0,3150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/annotation_set/262/annotation/231","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFort Benning is a United States Army base straddling the Alabama-Georgia border next to Columbus, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=3120.0,3150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/annotation_set/262/annotation/232","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEmory University is a private university in Atlanta, Georgia\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=3450.0,3480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/annotation_set/262/annotation/233","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCarling Brewing Company Inc. opened a plant in Atlanta, Georgia in 1958. It closed in 1973.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=3450.0,3480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/annotation_set/262/annotation/234","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCentral Food Management, Inc. is an Atlanta-based company founded in 1958. It is engaged in the business of providing industrial and commercial based food services and food vending services.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=3480.0,3510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/annotation_set/262/annotation/235","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eVirginia-Highlands is a neighborhood in Atlanta, near Emory University. It is named after the intersection of Virginia Avenue and North Highland Avenue, the heart of a busy commercial district at the center of the neighborhood.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=3480.0,3510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/annotation_set/262/annotation/236","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Ku Klux Klan, also known as the “KKK”, (or Knights of the Ku Klux Klan today) is a white supremacist, white nationalist, anti-immigration, anti-Jewish, anti-Catholic, anti-black secret society, whose methods included terrorism and murder.  It was founded in the South in the 1860’s and then died out and come back several times, most notably in the 1920’s when membership soared again, and then again in the 1960’s during the civil rights era. When the Klan was re-founded in 1915 in Georgia, the event was marked by a cross burning on Stone Mountain. In the past it members dressed up in white robes and a pointed hat designed to hide their identity and to terrify. It is still in existence.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=3540.0,3570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/annotation_set/262/annotation/237","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRoadway Express was one of many trucking companies owned by Roadway Services, a transportation holding company. Roadway Express was later acquired and merged into a company now known as YRC.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=3780.0,3810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/annotation_set/262/annotation/238","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCharlotte is the largest city in the state of North Carolina. It is located 245 miles (394 kilometers) northeast of Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=3840.0,3870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/annotation_set/262/annotation/239","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMeals on Wheels is a program that delivers meals to homebound individuals who are unable to purchase or prepare their own meals.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=3900.0,3930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/annotation_set/262/annotation/240","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDekalb County is one of the most populous and affluent counties in Georgia. It contains roughly ten percent of the city of Atlanta (the other 90 percent lies in Fulton County).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=3900.0,3930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/annotation_set/262/annotation/241","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOriginally written by Joseph Haydn in 1797, \u003cem\u003eDeutschlandlied\u003c/em\u003e [German: Song of Germany], also known as \u003cem\u003eDas Lied der Deutschen\u003c/em\u003e [German: The Song of the Germans], has been the national anthem of Germany since 1922. During the Nazi era, only the first stanza was used, followed by \"The Horst Wessel Song.\" Since World War II, only the third stanza has been used as the national anthem. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=4020.0,4050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/annotation_set/262/annotation/242","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Germans began boycotting Jewish businesses in 1933 and Jews were soon effectively expelled from almost all professions and commercial life.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=4050.0,4080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/annotation_set/262/annotation/243","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEmphysema is a chronic respiratory disease that gradually damages the air sacs (alveoli) in your lungs, making you progressively more short of breath. Emphysema is one of several diseases known collectively as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Smoking is the leading cause of emphysema.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=4470.0,4500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/annotation_set/262/annotation/244","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBreslau is the historical capital of Silesia and Lower Silesia, located on the Oder River in Central Europe. Following World War I, Breslau became part of the Weimer Republic and eventually became one of the strongest support bases of the Nazi Party. After World War II, the city became part of Poland. Today, the city is known as Wroclaw [Polish: Wrocław] and is the largest city in western Poland.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=4500.0,4530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/annotation_set/262/annotation/245","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe University of the Witwatersrand is a multi-campus South African public research university founded in 1896 in Johannesburg. It is more commonly known as Wits University.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=4530.0,4560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/annotation_set/262/annotation/246","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) is the world’s oldest and largest broadcasting organization with radio, TV, and online services. It is headquartered in London, United Kingdom.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=4560.0,4590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/annotation_set/262/annotation/247","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHarvard Law School is one of the professional graduate schools of Harvard University in Cambridge, Massachusetts and generally considered one of the most prestigious in the world.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=4680.0,4710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/annotation_set/262/annotation/248","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe University of Michigan is a public research university located in Ann Arbor, Michigan.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=4680.0,4710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/annotation_set/262/annotation/249","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill is a public research university specializing in medicine and law.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=4680.0,4710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/annotation_set/262/annotation/250","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe University of Maryland is a public research university located in the city of College Park, Maryland.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=4680.0,4710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/annotation_set/262/annotation/251","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe University of Rochester is a private, nonsectarian, research university in Rochester, New York.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=4710.0,4740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/annotation_set/262/annotation/252","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTulane University is a private, nonsectarian research university located in New Orleans, Louisiana.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=4710.0,4740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/annotation_set/262/annotation/253","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Jewish cemetery in Alsfeld dates from the late 19th century. Located on one end of the Christian cemetery, it survived the destruction of the Second World War.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=4800.0,4830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/annotation_set/262/annotation/254","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA local historian and educator, Heinrich Dittmar, wrote \u003cem\u003eGeschichte der Juden in Alsfeld\u003c/em\u003e [German: \u003cem\u003eThe History of the Jews of Alsfeld\u003c/em\u003e] (Alsfedl, Germany: Geschichts und Museumsverein Alsfeld, 1988) and was instrumental in the preservation of the Jewish cemetery in Alsfeld. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=4800.0,4830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/annotation_set/262/annotation/255","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThere has been a Jewish community in Alsfeld since at least the fourteenth century. After being nearly annihilated in pogroms that followed the Black Death, a largely Orthodox community reemerged in the seventeenth century. Over 200 Jews lived in Alsfeld in 1933. Following Hitler and the Nazi Party’s rise to power, around half emigrated, while many others relocated within Germany. By 1939, less than 20 were still in Alsfeld. At least 90 Jews from Alsfeld died during World War II.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=4860.0,4890.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/index/47404","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Strauss, Henry [Index]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/index/47404/annotation/256","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Growing Up in Alsfeld, Germany","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=23.0,105.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/index/47404/annotation/257","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Mr. Strauss, can you please state your name?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=23.0,105.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/index/47404/annotation/258","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Adolf Hitler","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Albert Strauss","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Alsfeld, Germany","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Heinz Siegbert Strauss","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Henry Strauss","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Martha Strauss","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=23.0,105.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/index/47404/annotation/259","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish Community in Alsfeld","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=105.0,290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/index/47404/annotation/260","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What can you tell me about the Jewish community there?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=105.0,290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/index/47404/annotation/261","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Alsfeld, Germany","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Brewery","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Business Owners","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Conservative Judaism","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish Community","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lumberyard","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Orthodox Judaism","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Sunday School","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Synagogue","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=105.0,290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/index/47404/annotation/262","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The Strauss Family and Life in Alsfeld","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=290.0,384.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/index/47404/annotation/263","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"How many children were there in the family?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=290.0,384.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/index/47404/annotation/264","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jeanette \"Hannele\" Strauss","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish Holidays","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Kosher","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Passover","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Pesach","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Strauss Family","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Sukkah","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Sukkot","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Walter Strauss","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400#t=290.0,384.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32591/file/101400/index/47404/annotation/265","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Going to Public 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