{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/bz6154f741/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Frostig, Haskell"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["2009-12-21 (creation)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["Video"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source"]},"value":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum","Esther and Herbert Taylor Oral History Collection","Jewish Oral History Project of Atlanta","Legacy Project"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eHaskell Frostig was interviewed by John Kent and Ruth Einstein on December 21, 2009 in Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e (general)","\u003cp\u003eHaskell describes his early years in southeastern Poland and life under Soviet occupation after 1939. When the Germans invaded in 1941 and the family was forced into a ghetto, Haskell relates his experience being hidden for a brief period by a local farmer. Once he was in the ghetto, Haskell recalls witnessing a series of violent actions. He describes going out on work crews from the ghetto and his sisters being sent to another camp. When the rumor spread that the smaller camp where Haskell and his parent were was to be liquidated next, he recounts escaping into the nearby woods, hiding in the barns of friendly farmers, and enduring hunger and lice. Haskell describes the family’s journey to Germany and then the United States after the war. Haskell recalls attending high school in Atlanta, marrying, joining an Orthodox congregation, and beginning his career. He describes the negative attitudes toward immigrants and minorities that he encountered. Haskell considers the tension between Israel and its Arab neighbors, Holocaust denial, and contemporary politics in America.\u003c/p\u003e (scope content)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source Metadata URI"]},"value":{"en":["https://archivesspace.thebreman.org/repositories/2/archival_objects/28496"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject"]},"value":{"en":["Haskell Frostig (personal name)","Rivka Frostig (personal name)","Gittel Frostig (personal name)","Meyer Frostig (personal name)","Dora Lubin Frostig (personal name)","Adolfa Kruger Frostig (personal name)","Abe Kruger (personal name)","Rabbi Elijah Schusterman (personal name)","Rabbi Joseph Cohen (personal name)","Rabbi Nathan Katz (personal name)","Rabbi Harry Epstein (personal name)","Rabbi Emanuel Feldman (personal name)","Mahmoud Ahmadinehad-Alabam (personal name)","Hugo Chavez (personal name)","Congregation Anshi S'fard (corporate name)","Congregation Bath Jacob (corporate name)","New World Club (corporate name)","Armor \u0026amp; Company (corporate name)","White Provision (corporate name)","Frostig Supermarket (corporate name)","The Jewish Morning Journal (Morgen Journal) (corporate name)","Beuthen, Germany (geographic term)","Ulm, Germany (geographic term)","Lvov, Poland (geographic term)","Kiev, Russia (geographic term)","Stalingrad, Russia (geographic term)","Tehran, Iran (geographic term)","Atlanta, Georgia (geographic term)","Fitzgerald, Georgia (geographic term)","New York City, New York (geographic term)","Poland (geographic term)","Germany (geographic term)","United States of America (geographic term)","Israel (geographic term)","Iran (geographic term)","Dachau Concentration Camp (geographic term)","Rawa Ruska Labor Camp (geographic term)","Mosty Wielkie Ghetto (geographic term)","Concentration Camp (topical term)","Labor Camp (topical term)","Ghetto (topical term)","Holocaust (topical term)","World War II (topical term)","Holocaust Survivor (topical term)","Displaced Persons Camp (topical term)","Anti-Semitism (topical term)","SS Ernie Pyle (topical term)","Affidavit of Support and Sponsorship (topical term)","Judaism (topical term)","Judenrat (topical term)","Jewish Holidays (topical term)","Rosh Hashanah (topical term)","Yom Kippur (topical term)"]}}],"summary":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eHaskell Frostig was interviewed by John Kent and Ruth Einstein on December 21, 2009 in Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHaskell describes his early years in southeastern Poland and life under Soviet occupation after 1939. When the Germans invaded in 1941 and the family was forced into a ghetto, Haskell relates his experience being hidden for a brief period by a local farmer. Once he was in the ghetto, Haskell recalls witnessing a series of violent actions. He describes going out on work crews from the ghetto and his sisters being sent to another camp. When the rumor spread that the smaller camp where Haskell and his parent were was to be liquidated next, he recounts escaping into the nearby woods, hiding in the barns of friendly farmers, and enduring hunger and lice. Haskell describes the family’s journey to Germany and then the United States after the war. Haskell recalls attending high school in Atlanta, marrying, joining an Orthodox congregation, and beginning his career. He describes the negative attitudes toward immigrants and minorities that he encountered. Haskell considers the tension between Israel and its Arab neighbors, Holocaust denial, and contemporary politics in America.\u003c/p\u003e"]},"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/105/493/small/Frostig_Haskell_%281%29.mp4_1613169026.jpg?1613151027","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - Frostig_Haskell_(1).mp4"]},"duration":6815.809,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/105/493/small/Frostig_Haskell_%281%29.mp4_1613169026.jpg?1613151027","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-thebreman.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/105/493/original/Frostig_Haskell_%281%29.mp4?1613151023","type":"Video","format":"video/mp4","duration":6815.809,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Frostig, Haskell [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"KENT: It's December 21, 2009. We're in Atlanta, Georgia. I'm John Kent. Let's\nstart with your name and when you were born. What was your original name? Spell\nyour name please.\n\nFROSTIG: My name is . . . in Europe you say 'Chaskell,' but we don't pronounce\nthe 'ch.' I took off the 'C' and made it Haskell. Haskell Frostig . . .\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"H-A-S-K-E-L-L F-R-O-S-T-I-G.\n\nKENT: What city were you born in and when?\n\nFROSTIG: We were born in Germany. My father had some family--sisters and\nbrothers--in Poland. We left Germany in 1930 . . . I don't remember exactly the\nyear. We went to Poland. We stayed in Poland until ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"everybody got liquidated.\n\nKENT: When were you born?\n\nFROSTIG: When? I was born on November 22, 1930. There are so many things to talk\nabout that it's impossible. I was very good in school. Everybody loved me. I had\nthe best grades. The teacher was proud and happy. Think about it like this: The\nwar broke out in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=60.0,90.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"1939. Then Germany divided Poland in half. We were on the\nRussian side.\n\nKENT: What city in Poland did you go to?\n\nFROSTIG: That would be . . . the city would be called Lvov . . . Lemberg . . .\nin German it would be Lemberg. I don't know exactly what to say now.\n\nKENT: Maybe let's start with ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=90.0,120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"more pleasant stuff. Who were the people in your family?\n\nFROSTIG: My mother and father, and I have two sisters. They were older than I am\n. . . a couple of years older.\n\nKENT: Names?\n\nFROSTIG: My G-d. Can you imagine? . . . Rivka and Gittel. In Jewish it would be\nRivka and Gittel. In English, I guess . . . I forgot how you would pronounce it.\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=120.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Regina and Gittel? That's Jewish name, but I don't know exactly in English.\n\nKENT: Parents' names?\n\nFROSTIG: My father's name was Meyer . . . M-E-Y-E-R . . . Meyer Frostig. My\nmother was Dora Lubin Frostig.\n\nKENT: What are your memories of normal family life during those earlier years\nbefore ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=150.0,180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it went bad?\n\nFROSTIG: I don't remember. Of course, I was a child at the time. My father was\nin business at that time. He knew a lot of people. He did business with them. He\nsold a lot of things. I don't even remember what. Then a lot of people didn't\nhave any money to pay him. He said, \"Don't worry about it. One day, if you have\nit, you're gonna pay me.\" That's the kind of character . . . that's the kind of\nperson he was . . . so good to everybody. That's how we survived--because of the\ngoodness. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=180.0,210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We had at least ten families that we went around every two or three\nweeks, from one place to the other to hide because the people who were saving\nus, they were afraid they might get in trouble. They came in at night, \"Please\ngo. I'm afraid.\" We went to another family and another family. That's how . . .\nthe last family . . . I'm telling you, we ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=210.0,240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were . . . let me put it this way . .\n. we were sitting in the woods for two weeks and we didn't know that the\nRussians came in on our side. My father said, \"You're a small boy. See if you\ncan get close to the highway. Maybe you can see something.\" In 1939, the\nRussians came in our side. We knew exactly what kind of . . . what they had with\nthem . . . machines, horse and buggy and whatever on top of it. I came in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=240.0,270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"close\nto the door and I wasn't quite sure. I said, \"I think it's the Russians, but I'm\nnot sure. It could be the Germans too. I don't know who.\" Then a big . . . a\nterrible thing happened to us. There was a big storm . . . an unbelievable\nstorm. Everything we had--we didn't have much--got wet. The main thing got wet\nthe matches. Without a match we couldn't survive, because if we sat in the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=270.0,300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"woods\nlighting up . . . I guess most of the time at daytime or nighttime, I don't know\nexactly . . . and bake a potato, one potato a day . . . that was the last . . .\nbefore we survived . . . before the Russians came in. One potato a day. It's\nimpossible to think about it after so many months. No medicine, no doctors or\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=300.0,330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"nothing. Nothing bothers us. Terrible hunger, that's the difference: hunger.\nAnother story I have to tell you. We were sitting in the woods summertime. There\nwas cows coming through . . . cows. The man in the back--I don't know what you\ncall him--he was going after them. In other words, they were coming from one\nplace to the other, and the cows were coming ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=330.0,360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"close to us. My mother always used\nto be sitting out there watching. When she saw the cows coming, she got scared\nand she say. The cows got scared and they left on the left side. The person with\nthe cows, he went after them. He missed us. The cows missed us and the person\nmissed us, otherwise we'd have been killed too. There were so many different\nkinds of . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=360.0,390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"things that happened to us that it was . . . I don't know, but\nit's . . . I cannot tell you exactly the pronunciation. Like I said, we were\nvery hungry. We didn't have nothing to eat and it was in May time. The people\nput some stuff in the ground to . . . they put some ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=390.0,420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"potatoes . . . they planted\nsome potatoes different places. My father went to see if he could find a potato.\nMaybe five or six different already got rotten. They was already sprouting out.\nOne or two potato was still good. He took it out and he brought them back, but\nhe didn't have a light to match up. My father said, \"How are we going to\nsurvive?\" He says, \"I'll have to go see the person then who it is. In case there\nis some German in there, I'm ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=420.0,450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"going to ask the person, 'Which way do you go to\nsuch a place . . . to such area? Which way do you go?'\" In case . . . because\nthe goy wouldn't recognize . . . will see that we are trying to . . . not to\ntelling who we are to the Germans. The person said to us, he called, \"Majorca .\n. . Meyer, are you all still sitting in the woods? The Russians have been here\nfor two weeks. You're sitting in the woods?\" My father came out from the house\nand hollered, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=450.0,480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"Hustle up. Everything's all right.\" I heard my mother say, \"Wait\na minute, you've gone crazy! Somebody's gonna hear. They're gonna kill us!\" We\ndidn't go. He came after us. He told us what's going on. We went to the house\nand they gave us something to eat. The next morning, we just left the place and\nwent to the town where we were before. How anybody ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=480.0,510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"survived? There were some\npeople who survived and who said, \"I'm afraid. I'm going back to the place where\nI came from because I'm afraid to stay here. Someone's gonna kill me.\" Those\nkinds of people were maybe out of their minds already. We knew that my father\nhad sisters and brothers in Georgia . . . America. The people, when they found\nout that we were still alive, a lady . . . a cousin of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=510.0,540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ours, she sent us the\naffidavit . . . the affidavit to Poland . . . so that we could come over to\nGeorgia without any problem because if you didn't have an affidavit . . . if you\ndidn't have a family, they wouldn't take you right away. We were the first ones\nthat they let out. We came in 1946 to Atlanta. What else can I tell ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=540.0,570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you?\n\nKENT: Let's go back a little. What were your memories before the war . . . when\nyou were six, seven, eight . . . when things were still normal? What was normal\nlife like in your town?\n\nFROSTIG: You might not like it, but I'll tell you anyway. As a Jew . . . a boy .\n. . when the teacher came in during the morning, everybody had to stand up,\n\"Good morning, teacher,\" and say the prayer . . . whatever they say, I forgot\nexactly the prayer--the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=570.0,600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Christian prayer. The Christians, they crossed\nthemselves. I didn't because I was Jewish. I would sit. Then the children, they\npicked me up and they held my hand in the back and start to the . . . Christian\n. . . I didn't like that. Of course I didn't like it. I was very happy that the\nwar broke out and the Russian came in. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=600.0,630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Why? Because when school started, we all\nwent to school and the Russian teachers, all you had to say was, \"Good morning,\nteacher,\" and sit down. I said, \"Thank G-d, I don't have to put up with this\nstuff anymore!\" I was so happy.\n\nKENT: In what way was your family Jewish?\n\nFROSTIG: My father was a cantor in Europe. When he came here to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=630.0,660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Atlanta, we\njoined a synagogue--Anshi S'fard--and my father was a cantor. He could read\nHebrew. He could read the Torah. He was a religious man. Most people are in\nEurope . . . you're talking about, you want to hear about Atlanta after . . .\n\nKENT: No, more when you were growing up. Was that a religious family?\n\nFROSTIG: Yes, absolutely. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=660.0,690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Most people in Europe are religious . . . I would say\n90 percent or maybe 95 percent . . . Yontif came or Passover or New Year's or\nwhatever. Every week we used to go to the synagogue, like some people do. I've\nbeen going here to a synagogue every Saturday. I belong to Anshi S'fard since .\n. . 1950. About ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=690.0,720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"1995, Rabbi Schusterman came in from the Chabad, which is a\ndifferent religion, more or less. More religious. I joined the Chabad people. In\nAnshi S'fard I was a vice president, I was a president, I was . . . I could\ndaven, too. Everything was fine. That's the . . . Atlanta.\n\nKENT: What were the relations like between Jews and Christians in Lvov, during\nthose years before the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=720.0,750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Germans?\n\nFROSTIG: Being a child, I cannot remember those things. Nobody told me exactly.\nI think they were pretty good. When the Germans came in 1941 . . . right then\neverybody had to check in to go to work. They took all the people and they lined\nthem up to see how many people are. Then they sent them to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=750.0,780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"work . . . to work\nthe ditches crew or whatever the stuff. In the afternoon or in the evening they\ncame back. Now . . . my father and mother were very nice people that . . .\n\nKENT: Give us your mother's name?\n\nFROSTIG: My mother's name is Dora Lubin . . . L-U-B-I-N.\n\nKENT: Say a little bit of what she was like, just to give us a sense.\n\nFROSTIG: I got a picture of her. What can I tell ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=780.0,810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you? What she was like . . .\nshe was a person, observant . . . the holidays. Most of the people in Europe . .\n. the women of the past . . . mothers . . . they hardly went to work because\nthat was the man's job. My father took care of everything. He went out, he\nbought some things, he brought it ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=810.0,840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"back. Let me tell you something else. When the\nGermans came in, they took everybody from the town. They took them out to put\nthem in another section. They kind of tried together . . . altogether instead of\nit being a house here and a house there. They put in a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=840.0,870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"section . . .\n\nKENT: Like a ghetto?\n\nFROSTIG: It was a ghetto in the beginning. The houses where the people moved\nout, it wasn't much. I happened to see them burning. There was burning one house\nhere and the flames came to two or three. It started somewhere else. I said, \"My\ngosh! Somebody do it on purpose?\" Though this happened to be . . . They took us\naway and they made a ghetto out of it. Then ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=870.0,900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they separated . . . the men\nseparate, the women separate. There were no . . . there were children . . .\nthere were some children. The children they took them away with the mothers.\nWhat happened to them? They took them away to some other towns, other ghettos,\nor concentration camps. I was lucky. I happened to be a small guy. My father was\nafraid in case something ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=900.0,930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"happened to me. He said, \"Let me see if I can build you\nup a little bit.\" He got some kind of boots. The boots were . . . The first two\ndays we went to work and it was very cold weather in February. We walked, coming\nand going, for two days. The third day, I couldn't go back because I had\nblisters on my feet. I said, \"I cannot walk anymore.\" That was my luck that I\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=930.0,960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"survived because they took the children separate and the elderly people and the\nsick people to one side. The people who were better--healthy--they were put on\nthe other side. We knew . . . or they knew what's gonna happen. Everybody\nstarted running . . . the children and the people and the old people trying to\ngo run away from them. It didn't help. The Germans killed them right on the\nspot. The one that didn't get ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=960.0,990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"killed, they took them to the woods. They'd\nalready got a grave for them. They all lined up and got shot with machine guns.\nEverybody just fell in the grave. They put some . . . paint . . . in case\nsomebody didn't die, so they'll be ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=990.0,1020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"suffered more. They'll suffer because, if\nyou're sick and wounded, you put some paint. It's unbelievable. Then, some\npeople came out at nighttime from the grave alive. They came in and they knocked\nat our house . . . where we were in the ghetto. They tried to get in, saying,\n\"Majorca, let me in, let me in. I run away from the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=1020.0,1050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"camp. Please let me in.\"\nThey came in. We gave them something to eat--whatever we had. I was lucky\nbecause if I would have gone and been on the line the next day, they probably\nwould take me away because I was short and young. I was lucky. When I saw what\nhappened that day, I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=1050.0,1080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was hiding under the bed. Some of my friends . . . they\nwere trying to get to the house. The Germans killed them right on the step. They\nkilled them. I had to see where to go. I just ran under the bed and stayed all\nday until things quieted down. Then . . . they liquidated the camp. We knew what\nwas going to happen. We knew . . .\n\nKENT: Did the camp have a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=1080.0,1110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"name, in particular?\n\nFROSTIG: No.\n\nKENT: Was it a factory of some kind or what kind of camp was it?\n\nFROSTIG: You see, it doesn't matter. Every city, just about, had a lot of\nJews--mostly in the cities. In the beginning, they took them separately . . .\nmaybe they had a name, I don't know. Everybody was in business for himself in\nEurope. The life was all right before the war because my father ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=1110.0,1140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was a\nbusinessman. He went out to different places to buy things, sell it. That's how\nwe survived. That was a good thing because of that goodness that my father did\nto the people. They knew that. When you had to line up in the evening after\ncoming from work, the people had sacks on their heads so we wouldn't recognize\nthem. When they ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=1140.0,1170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"came to my mother and father and my two sisters, \"Don't touch\nFrostig! . . . Don't touch!\" The people . . . they knew who he was and nobody\nput a hand on anything. Nobody took anything and beat us up, something like that\nbecause of the name and respect for it. The rest of them were so beat up, blood\nwas going everywhere and . . . the goodness, for me, has always been that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=1170.0,1200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"way in\nour nation . . . the goodness. My father was a good man, a religious man, and he\ntook care of everybody--doesn't make a difference who you are, Jew, a Christian,\nor whatever. Those people knew who he is and that's how we survived--because of\nthe goodness. He was sold . . . I don't know exactly what he sold to the farmer\n. . . The farmer said, \"I'll buy it, but I don't have enough money to pay for\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=1200.0,1230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it.\" My father said, \"Don't worry. If you have one day the money, you're gonna\ngive it.\" He didn't say, \"You've got to give me the money or I'm gonna take\naway.\" You know how some people are. \"If you don't pay me, I'm gonna--\" That's\nhow we survived . . . because of that particular farmer. We didn't have no\nmatches. Everything was wet. Whatever we had, the clothes and the matches got\nwet. It was a big old storm in the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=1230.0,1260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"summertime. Without matches we couldn't light\nup and bake a potato in the evening time or the afternoon. One potato a\nday--that's all we had. Then the potatoes had run out. We didn't have any more\npotatoes. My father went to the . . . where they put the potatoes in the ground\n. . .\n\nKENT: To hide them for later?\n\nFROSTIG: Yes, where they put for ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=1260.0,1290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"later. He went and picked up to see if he could\nfind some that hadn't been already ready to sprout. He found maybe one out of\nten potatoes that were still all right. He took it out . . . and he brought them\nback to the woods. My mother said, \"Oh my G-d! Someone's going to say, 'What\nhappened to the potatoes?' They'll know something's going on out here!\" We were\nscared to death because somebody can find out that somebody must have been down\nthere ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=1290.0,1320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and taken out the potatoes.\n\nKENT: When did you leave the ghetto to go into the woods, and why?\n\nFROSTIG: We knew that the ghetto was going to be liquidated and they were going\nto transfer us to another place. I happened to be already out from hiding. I was\nhiding by myself as a child. My father promised somebody--a friend of his--if\nthey going to keep ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=1320.0,1350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"me and the war ends, somebody's going to give you lots of\ngoodness for your . . . He said we had some brothers and sisters in America,\n\"They'll see that you'll be taken care of.\" He took me down there. The farmer\nagreed that I can go down there. I went down there, by myself. At nighttime and\ndaytime all by myself. He didn't give me nothing to eat all day--maybe in the\nevening time ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=1350.0,1380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"something. My father came in every second day to see how I was\ndoing. I said, \"Daddy, take me back. I can't stand it. Take me back.\" He came\nthe second time, it was the same old thing. I say, \"Take me back, please.\" I was\ncrying. He was crying. He agreed and he took me ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=1380.0,1410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"back. It was lucky . . . if I\nwould have been by myself with that farmer, he would have killed me. He didn't\nhave to hide . . . he didn't have to save me. What for? He's got everything we\nhad. We gave it to him and said, \"Here. When the war ends, we're gonna give\neverything we have.\" Can you imagine what? The Russians came in 1944. My father\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=1410.0,1440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"went to the farmer, because he didn't keep me maybe a couple of weeks. He didn't\nkeep me until the war ends, no. My father went to the farmer and said, \"I'd like\nto take the stuff that I gave you. My son wasn't there hiding out, so I want it\nback.\" The farmer said, \"Do you mean to say that nobody else could bore that\nsame thing?\" He wouldn't give it to us . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=1440.0,1470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":". I said to my father, \"Let's get out\nbecause he might kill us. If he's talking crazy things right now with the\nRussians already here, he doesn't have no respect. He's gonna kill us.\" I said,\n\"Let's get out of here before he kills us.\" A few days later, when the Russians\nwere over there, we met a Jewish ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=1470.0,1500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"captain. He came and asked us questions. He\nknew that we had survived. He asked us questions, \"How did you survive? How the\npeople were down there?\" We couldn't say too good about the people because they\nwould have killed me and everything else. They would have killed some other\npeople. I don't know if I should say it or not, but my father gave him names,\nwhere he should go and take care of them. That's all I can ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=1500.0,1530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"say. He took care of\nit. He comes the second day . . . he comes back. I said, \"Forget it.\" If you\ndidn't do it all at one time, forget it because something was going to happen,\nthe Russians were going to find out, and . . . because the Ukraine people were\nfighting against the Russians. They wanted to have for themselves a country.\nThey were fighting each other. They didn't win. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=1530.0,1560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The captain took care of some of\nthe people for whom we gave numbers. I told my father, \"Maybe you could put some\nother names down.\" I said, \"No, forget it . . . If you don't know for sure what\nthey did to somebody, then leave them alone.\"\n\nKENT: How was your mother and sisters during that period? What can you say about them?\n\nFROSTIG: I don't remember much about it because they were older than me. They\nhappened to be in a different ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=1560.0,1590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"location. Even when we went to that camp, they\ntook some rags and some straw in a horse and buggy. They put it and they covered\nme up so I'd be able to get into that thing. My sisters were all a couple years\nolder. They were already working. There were two camps: a big concentration camp\nand a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=1590.0,1620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"small one where we were, because I was too small. My father said maybe I\ncan get out, maybe somebody gonna save me, maybe everything's gonna be fine.\nThey let me out and my father said, \"Please, he'll do something. Maybe he can go\ntake some water and give it to the people working.\" The Germans agreed. That's\nhow I survived too. Every night, every day, the people came in from the camp to\nwork. In the evening ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=1620.0,1650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"time, they went back to the camp by trucks . . . It\nhappened so one day, I wanted to go with my sisters. My sisters, they wanted to\nsee . . . I didn't know exactly what that means. He said . . . my father and\nmother said, \"Get out! Get down because you're too young! You cannot go with\nthem!\" He dragged me off in the truck. The same night . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=1650.0,1680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they surrounded the\ncamp, with all the people, and they burned it--burned up the camp and the people\ntogether. Some people . . . Christian . . . came in . . . they knew there was\nanother camp . . . they came in at nighttime. They talked about, \"Please, run\naway because the Germans already liquidated that camp. They're coming this way.\nThey're gonna kill us, kill you, too.\" Everybody took off to the woods. Where\nelse can you go? But there's some people from different ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=1680.0,1710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"countries. How far can\nyou go? You got to eat . . . you got to something . . . I imagine they all got\ncaught and shot, but we were lucky because we were . . . my father knew the\nneighborhood. At nighttime, there was a big old river. We didn't know how deep\nit was, so my father said, \"I've got to find something to get through it, to get\nby, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=1710.0,1740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because . . . \" He took off his clothes. He was a swimmer. He could swim. He\nfound a place that was a little bit better than the others. He came back and\nsays, \"I found . . . I think I'll be able to take you over. Take off your\nclothes.\" He was a good swimmer. \"I'll take you over to the other side.\" He took\nme first, take care . . . with one hand he was swimming and in the other hand he\nheld me. He held me up and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=1740.0,1770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"he made it through the river. Then he came after my\nmother--same thing. We came over and we . . . whatever we had still to put on\nthe . . . whatever we had to put on, make ourselves comfortable. We couldn't\nstay too long in the woods because it's possible the same people or some other\npeople would be able to look around and see if anybody is still there in the\nwoods. I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=1770.0,1800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"imagine that it must have been a lot of people there in the woods\nbecause some people came from different countries, even from Poland themselves.\nThey didn't know where to go or who to talk to. Most likely they were killed a\nday later . . . They didn't have nothing to eat. They probably got killed. We\nwere lucky. We knew . . . my father was a businessman. He knew the neighborhood.\nThat's how we escaped from that--through the woods. Somehow a miracle ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=1800.0,1830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"happened.\nWe were going to the village where my father knew some people. It so happened\nthat we met a person, that she knew us, and she said, \"I'm gonna help you. I'm\ngonna bring you something to eat.\" She went home, not too far. She had a farm.\nShe brought us milk and some bread and we ate. The same day, I don't know what\nhappened . . . the Russian ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=1830.0,1860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or German planes . . . we saw the planes. We tried to\nhide from them. In summertime, the water . . . you laid down no matter what.\nIt's cold or some other things, but you laid down and the whole thing's gonna\nspread because its . . . we laid down and the whole thing it got . . . emptied.\nThe ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=1860.0,1890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"plane--I don't know who it was, German or Russian--they saw something going\non at that place. They came one time and started shooting. Nothing happened. A\nfew minutes, they came a second time and they started shooting the machine gun.\nI could see the fire from the machine guns. That's how close they were. That was\nthe end of it. They never came back. I don't know if they were Germans looking\nfor the Russians or Russians for the Germans. It was a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=1890.0,1920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"miracle because . . . who\nknows . . . so many things. That's how we started to go to the countryside and\nwe . . . every few days my father knew some people. At nighttime we came to this\nstable you walked up with a ladder, to keep straw and hay in the summertime for\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=1920.0,1950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the cows. That was in summertime. Everything just about finished. They had\nnothing left. When they took me down it to hide, I had to go all the way to the\nend of and sit in there all day long. My father used to come and see me, how am\nI doing. It was unbelievable because being by myself and not much to eat and you\ncannot go down and relieve yourself. I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=1950.0,1980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was crying. He was crying. I said, \"Take\nme back! Whatever's gonna happen to me will happen to me!\" He came a second time\nand a third time and he said, \"I'll take you back.\" He took me back to the camp.\nThat's how I survived because the camp was liquidated pretty soon. They took me\nover to that bigger camp and that's how--my father and mother and myself--we\nescaped. It's lucky enough, because we went to about ten different farmers. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=1980.0,2010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They\nknew him because he was a businessman. He did a lot of good for the people, even\nin Atlanta. He had a good heart, that's the kind of person he is. That's how we\nsurvived. Every week or two, we had to go to a different farm. We got up on the\nladder in the morning or at nighttime, go up to the . . .\n\nKENT: The loft? The top part of the barn?\n\nFROSTIG: Yes, that's right. We came in, we were ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=2010.0,2040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sitting on it until somebody\ncame inside to feed the cows. My father got a . . . \"Hey, wait a minute! Hey,\nhey, hey, hey! I'm Majorca! I came here! Maybe you can help me to stay a few\ndays.\" He said okay. We stayed down there a few days. They got tired because\nthey were afraid. Something might happen. Somebody might see them . . . the\nneighbors or something. They told us, \"Please, go somewhere else. We cannot ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=2040.0,2070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"keep\nyou any longer.\" We go at least about ten different places because we knew . . .\nmy father knew all of them. Nobody said 'no.' They saved us. That's how we\nsurvived because of the good nature of my father. He was . . . in Atlanta a good\nfellow. He helped a lot of people . . . When we came into Atlanta, we went into\nbusiness. After us, a lot of people came into Atlanta and they didn't have any\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=2070.0,2100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"money. I, as a child . . . I wasn't a child. I was 16 or 17 . . . I signed the\npapers in case something happened to them and they were unable to pay, then I'll\nbe responsible. My father said the same thing. Thank G-d, everybody went into\nthe business. They worked too long, they were doing okay. I didn't have to give\nthem money. They went into the business and did fine. It shows the character for\nthe person is how you . . . if you do some good no matter who you are, it'll pay\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=2100.0,2130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you in the long run.\n\nKENT: Can you describe yourself as a young man, as a teenager? What were you like?\n\nFROSTIG: I couldn't say about my life. I was too young to think about it. When\nthe Russians came in 1941, my mother and father asked the Russian people if we\ncan open up a restaurant. Of course, if you have a restaurant, you gotta have\nbeer, you gotta have ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=2130.0,2160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"whiskey. They agreed, so we opened up a restaurant. Myself\nand my father had to go every time to places to pick up drinks--some beer,\neverything--to bring back to the house. Just about every day we had to go to the\nsupplies. It didn't last long because that was the end of the . . . the Germans\ninvaded Russian territory and the whole thing was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=2160.0,2190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ended. My life was pretty good\nbecause I had some friends, some Jewish friends and Christian friends. I was a\ngood student and everybody liked me. That's my life. I cannot tell you exactly\nwhat else because I was too young to be long . . . too young to be long in the\nneighborhood. You went to town. As far as I can tell, we had Jewish people down\nin the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=2190.0,2220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"neighborhood. Every time we came from school, we went out and played, and\nother kinds of things, and went swimming. Wonderful. One time . . . I can tell\nyou now . . . maybe it's a funny story. We had a horse and if you have a horse,\nsometimes you've got to bathe them, to keep them clean. We took . . . I took him\nto a river, a place down there. Horses can swim. I don't know if you know about\nit or not, but they can swim better than ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=2220.0,2250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"people. I was on top of the horse all\nthe way to the tail, just playing. Then I went backwards. It was funny . . .\njust how wonderful it was. People were nice in the neighborhood. We had no\nproblem. No matter how poor you are, people are keeping . . . they're not asking\nfor something better because they know they won't be able to get it. You do the\nbest you could. We went to shul every ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=2250.0,2280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Saturday for the holidays. My father was a\ncantor. We had a normal life.\n\nKENT: You said the Russians were in charge of that section of Poland?\n\nFROSTIG: The whole territory. That was Ukraine half of . . . Poland was divided\nin half. Half was German and half . . . we were in the Russian territory.\n\nKENT: What was different when the Russians took over? How did it look different?\n\nFROSTIG: Different . . . first of all, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=2280.0,2310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"everything was fine. They told us,\neverybody, to paint the . . . side . . . keep it clean. I was happy because of\nthe thing when I told you before about what happened in the school time. I was\nglad when the Russians came in. You didn't have to say the prayer. All you had\nto do was get up ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=2310.0,2340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and say, \"Good morning. Good morning, teacher,\" and you sit\ndown. That was my happiest thing because I was . . . scared. I thought maybe . .\n. they go do something to me. I thank G-d they came in. As far as being the\nRussians . . . I know what kind of people they are. They cannot do any business\nin Russia. My mother started to do some business buying things. The Russians\nwent to the countryside and brought some things, different ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=2340.0,2370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"things. I don't know\nif they stole it or whatever. They brought it to my mother's house and they sold\nit. They wanted some whiskey to drink. No matter how much it was worth, just\ngive them something to drink. The next day they'll do the same thing. We were\nselling vodka. One time, a Russian captain came in and arrested my mother\nbecause of what she was doing. She stayed in jail for two ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=2370.0,2400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"weeks. We couldn't\ntake her out. Then she came. When she got out, the same person, captain, came to\nher again and asked for some vodka. My mother said, \"How in the heck can you\ntalk to me like that? First you put me in jail, now you want to do the same\nthing!\" She said, \"No. I don't have any more vodka. Keep going.\" That's how we\nescaped. The life in the Russian territory was no good. Very few ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=2400.0,2430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jews survived\nin that neighborhood. Some of them survived. They came out to different places.\nThings had changed so much that they said, \"I'm going back to the place that I\ncame from. I'm afraid to go on the street.\" It was a terrible thing because,\nwhen you look at the town, the houses were burned down, the synagogues were\nburned down, everything. The people got killed in the synagogue--burned down\nalive. It was unbelievable. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=2430.0,2460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We went to Poland and, from Poland, across to\nCzechoslovakia and other places until we came to Germany. From Germany . . .\neverybody came to Germany to go overseas if they wanted. The ship came in . . .\nI remember that . . . about 900 people at that time. The ship's name I still\nremember to this day: Ernie Pyle. Ernie ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=2460.0,2490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Pyle was a correspondent in the wartime.\nVery big nationwide . . . very famous orator . . . captain . . . reporter.\nThat's the name of the ship. I even still got a card from Ernie Pyle, so I\nwouldn't forget the name of the ship. There was 900 people. Most of them got\nsick from the ocean. They got . . . people get sick. They just can't help it.\nI'm the one . . . really, it didn't bother me at ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=2490.0,2520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"all. I went to the kitchen\nplace when they served . . . evening time supper. I saw some bread--white\nbread--and I said, \"My gosh!\" We hadn't seen white bread in years. I was so\nhappy. It was challah. As far as that goes, most of it we couldn't eat. If we\ndid eat it, we tore up and all that. Then we came to the United States. We came\n. . . we stopped in . . . New York . . . for two days. Since we ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=2520.0,2550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"had a visa,\npermission to come . . . to Georgia, to family, they only kept us for two days\nand said, \"Let's go!\" There are a lot of other people coming in every week from\noverseas to New York. We come in two weeks time and we settle down. It was a\nrough time here in Georgia, even Atlanta. The life was too bad, no matter who\nyou were. Some Jews treat ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=2550.0,2580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"us terrible, taking advantage of us. Some people . . .\nuntil now, they still take advantage of the people who came from overseas. They\ncannot understand how the people came in, who went to the business, they bought\nsome houses, they bought some shopping centers, they bought everything. They've\nbeen here for years. Fifty years and they haven't got nothing! They're jealous\nof us. That's true. Most everybody who came in--myself too, my mother, my\nfather--we went into the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=2580.0,2610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"business. Everything was fine. We bought a house. We\nbought some other things. We bought this house. I bought this house when I got\nmarried. We did pretty good. The people . . . they were not educated . . . those\npeople who came after the First World War. They didn't know how to read and\nwrite. They couldn't even write their names and that's how they were jealous.\nBut what can you do? There are still people now . . . they're still jealous\nbecause of some people who are still alive. I saw that in the paper. I'm not\ntelling you no story. I'm taking the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=2610.0,2640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish paper called the Morgen Journal. I\nread the article. I even showed it to the rabbi. I said, \"Take a look at that.\"\nHe said, \"Yes, I saw that too.\" I didn't make up that kind of story because . .\n. Anyway, we did pretty well and we worked hard.\n\nKENT: Did your parents discuss the decision to leave Europe instead of staying\nthere . . . in 1945 or 1946?\n\nFROSTIG: Everybody who survived . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=2640.0,2670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"nobody would want to stay down. First of\nall, it was going to be under Polish territory. Poland came back. We didn't care\nmuch about the situation before the war and after the war. Most of them--there's\nnot too many Jews left--most of the people had friends, relatives in different\ncountries, in different places in the world. Everybody was trying to get out as\nfast as they ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=2670.0,2700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"can to America. Most of them went to America. Some of them went to\nIsrael. I don't know. What else can I tell you? I cannot tell you everything in\nabout half an hour's time. It's unbelievable what he can . . . how can you tell\na story in an hour, an hour and a half, if things happened for at least two\nyears? Terrible things . . . to us, to everybody. How can he say, \"I'm going to\n. . . \"\n\nKENT: What are some of the other memories?\n\nFROSTIG: Like ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=2700.0,2730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what? I cannot tell . . .\n\nKENT: Just let your imagination go. What else comes to you?\n\nFROSTIG: I missed my friends. I saw what happened to them. I just cannot believe\nhow the world treated people. I happened to get an article about three or four\nmonths ago, about the place where we ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=2730.0,2760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were in the camp. They were writing a big\narticle about the whole camp territory that some rabbis went down in it and look\nat the places, the stores of the silos . . . what do you call it . . . beaten\ndown, torn up. They made some sidewalks from them and put them on the street.\n\nKENT: The gravestones?\n\nFROSTIG: The gravestones. The rabbi said, \"I would like to see if I can build it\nup because it's unbelievable . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=2760.0,2790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what's going on. Nobody's taking care of it.\"\nThat's the last thing of Poland that . . . I don't know what else I can tell\nyou. It's a lot of things to talk about. If you want to talk about it all night,\nI can talk all night. No, really, it's . . .\n\nKENT: What happened to your sisters, then?\n\nFROSTIG: I think I told you about it. We were in one camp and they were in a\nsecond camp. One time, at ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=2790.0,2820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"nighttime, they were going back to work, back to the\ncamp, and I was going to try to go with them. My father and mother saw me on the\ntruck. They took me down. They said, \"Don't go now! You cannot go now! You are\nchild. You cannot go now!\" They dragged me off of the truck. The same night they\nsurrounded the camp where my sisters were. I understand that's what was said.\nThey killed everybody and they burned the camp.\n\nKENT: While your sisters were in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=2820.0,2850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there?\n\nFROSTIG: The sisters were there. If I had been down there, I would have been\namong the dead. Some people--Christian people--they were . . . I don't know if\nthey were good people or bad . . . they came in running to us, to the camp,\nsaying, \"Get out of here because the Russians burned up the other camp and the\npeople, everything else! They're coming your way. They'll do the same thing!\"\nEverybody took off into the woods.\n\nKENT: Did you ever hear an explanation for why they burned it down, the Russians?\n\nFROSTIG: That wasn't the Russians, that was . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=2850.0,2880.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"no, that was the Germans. No,\nobviously the Russians . . . no, they were the Germans who did that in\nconcentration camps. That was 1943. They killed in a lot of places, not just\nthat particular area what I'm talking about. Most of the time they took places\nfrom the smallest neighborhoods and then put them in the big neighborhoods until\nthey got them surrounded. They killed them, most of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=2880.0,2910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"them. We run away. That's\nhow we survived. We were lucky because my father was familiar with the\nterritory. He was very good to the people, to the Christian people. They had\nrespect for him. That's how we survived--because of the good name my father and\nmother had.\n\nKENT: The camp and the ghetto--are you using the same words?\n\nFROSTIG: In the beginning there was a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=2910.0,2940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ghetto.\n\nKENT: The camp was a separate place?\n\nFROSTIG: The camp . . . they liquidated the ghetto. That means everybody from\nthe ghetto . . . they took them away in other part of the city they wired up.\nNobody could get out and they had to go to work everyday. Being a child, I\ncouldn't go to work. When everyone went to work, I'd hide under the beds. In\ncase the German came in, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=2940.0,2970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"he'd say, \"Raus! Raus!\" to see if everybody's gone. I\nwas under the bed. I was scared. In case he looks around, I'm probably found.\nThank G-d all they said was, \"Raus!\" and they went away. Every day, the same\nthing. Then they liquidated that camp and took us to a bigger camp. That's how\nthey got rid of the Jews.\n\nKENT: Did the bigger camp have a name or a specific . . .\n\nFROSTIG: Rawa Ruska. In the paper . . . last ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=2970.0,3000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"year, they had a big write-up from\nthat camp, Rawa Ruska.\n\nKENT: Can you spell it?\n\nFROSTIG: It was R-A-V-A. Ruska would be R-U-S-K-A. Rawa Ruska. I even showed it\n. . . the item . . . the paper to the rabbi. Told him, \"Take a look at what's\nhappening. After so many years, they're the ones who wrote about the territory\nbut we were.\" Until then, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=3000.0,3030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"nobody had written about different places. It so\nhappens that that was a plea. They still . . . of course there are no Jews down\nthere. The cemetery is broken up. Nobody's taken care of it. I don't know if a\nlot of people went to Europe after the war. I was scared to go because if I were\nto go down there, they would have killed the people in that territory. They\nwould think that we came after ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=3030.0,3060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"property, after houses. We had a wonderful house.\nThey could have said, \"He came in after to take away the house.\" They would have\nkilled me. I said, \"I better not go because you never know.\" Even nowadays, with\nwhat's going on in the world, you're not sure, no matter where you are.\n\nKENT: You had to be afraid of both the Germans and the Polish people?\n\nFROSTIG: Not . . . yes, the Polish . . . the Poles . . . the Polish people\nweren't too bad. They saved ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=3060.0,3090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"us more or less. The Polish people and Ukraine . . .\nthey divided the territory into two areas. We were on the Ukraine side. The\nother side was German. Then when the war broke out between Germany and Russia,\nthe Germans took over the Russian territory in about two or three days. They\ntraveled 300 miles from the place to Kiev in Russia. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=3090.0,3120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's how fast they went\ndown there, the Germans. With planes, they liquidated . . . that's how they\nsurvived . . . the Germans . . . how they won the war. It so happened in 1943 or\n1944, the Germans were already next to the place called Stalingrad and . . . I\nforgot the second name . . . in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=3120.0,3150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"wintertime. The big old cold down there . . .\nwhere they have that in Russia. Temperatures were unbelievable. The Germans\ncouldn't move nowhere. Everything was frozen. The Germans themselves . . .\nthousands of Germans were frozen because they couldn't move because of the\nweather like it is. Now, it's not like here, of course. But the Russians . . .\nStalingrad . . . you wouldn't believe how they won the war--the Russians. They\nwould have lost the war . . . if the weather had been all right, they would have\nlost the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=3150.0,3180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"war. The Russian people are strong. They're used to that kind of\nweather. Between you and me, they like something to drink. They give them some\nvodka. They got a little bit high, \"Let's go!\" Thousands and thousands of people\ndied in Russia. Millions of people died. That's how the war was won--because the\nGermans couldn't go ahead. The Russians came and the whole thing ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=3180.0,3210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"changed.\n\nKENT: Do you know any names of more prominent people who were in the ghetto?\nWere there Jewish leaders or anything like that?\n\nFROSTIG: That I wouldn't know. I was too small for that. No, I wouldn't know.\n\nKENT: What did your parents talk to you about during the quieter moments?\n\nFROSTIG: What are you talking about? Here or in general?\n\nKENT: No, during those years.\n\nFROSTIG: Usually the same thing. My ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=3210.0,3240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"father was a businessman. He travels a lot\nout of town, going to buy some merchandise, selling and buying. I hardly maybe\nsaw him two or three times a week. I was going to school, coming to school,\nplaying, and this and that. Then there's nothing to talk about. Life was very\nbad for everybody in Poland or in Russia, no matter where, especially after the\nwar. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=3240.0,3270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There was a shortage of everything. We tried to do the best we can. It's\nnothing to talk about. Things were normal, as far as I'm concerned, until the\nwar broke out. Even the wartime, it didn't bother me too much. I was happy when\nRussia came in. That's how we survived and . . . how the Germans lost the war. I\ndon't know how many . . . 300,000 Germans, I believe, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=3270.0,3300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"died in that territory.\nThey were frozen to death. There's nothing new about it. Everybody knows about it.\n\nKENT: What was it like for you to see dead bodies and people shot? What's that\nlike for a kid?\n\nFROSTIG: You cry. Most of the time, you cry. You get used to it. It doesn't\nmatter. You're already used to it. You know something's gonna happen to you.\nSooner or later it's gonna happen to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=3300.0,3330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"everybody. If the war would have lasted a\nlittle bit longer, we would have been killed too. The people would kill us, the\npeople that . . . we knew . . . because you cannot . . . All the time I just\nwanted something to myself. We never had a cold. We hadn't taken a bath in a\nyear and a half and we'd never washed our clothes. We did wash the clothes.\nThere was a lot of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=3330.0,3360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"lice. You know what lice? My mother washed every day and\nwould hang it up. Everything was clean. You put on the clothes--we didn't have\ntoo much--the same clothes. The next day the whole thing is all over. I don't\nknow how in the world! What kind of business that is! You couldn't keep clean.\nThank G-d nobody got sick. Even in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=3360.0,3390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"wintertime, whatever it is--cold, fever,\ntoothache . . . nothing. I don't know if you're used to it or if you forgot\nabout it. I think it was . . . a time that we were supposed to be living. I\nguess we survived.\n\nKENT: How much information was coming in from outside the city--like about what\nwas going on in the rest of Poland?\n\nFROSTIG: Even in wartime . . . very ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=3390.0,3420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"little because most everybody was surrounded\nin concentration camps. You cannot have a paper. You cannot have a radio. I had\na radio when I was a small child. My uncle gave me a radio. Another uncle gave\nme a golden watch. The German asked everybody if anybody had gold watches,\nrings, to turn it in. \"If you don't turn it that stuff, we're all gonna kill\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=3420.0,3450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you.\" There was a Jewish . . . 'Judenrat' they called it . . . about 12 people .\n. . they kind of controlled the whole thing. Whatever the Germans told them to\ndo or say to them, they told the Jews. Told us what's going on. That's how\neverybody had. Whatever they had, they gave it away. They said, \"If you don't\ngive it away, you're gonna get killed.\" I said, \"What the heck? Who needs it? If\nthey're gonna kill, better to give ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=3450.0,3480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it.\" That's how we . . . I don't know. I just\nsometimes . . . I think how in the world we didn't go crazy from hunger and\neverything else. Can you imagine? Nothing to eat, not taking a bath or nothing,\nno medicine. Of course, thank G-d, we didn't need it. Everything was fine.\n\nKENT: Did you have a friend throughout that period--anybody in particular that\nyou were close to?\n\nFROSTIG: I had some ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=3480.0,3510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"friends. When the Germans surrounded the camp . . . He was a\nfriend but he was already maybe a year older. He already was in the line to\nwork. Then people saw what was going on. First they took the sick people, the\nold people, the children on one side. We knew what was going to happen.\nEverybody started to run different places. The Germans killed as many people as\nthey could on the spot. The friend ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=3510.0,3540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that I got, he saw the whole thing. He was\nrunning to the house where I was. On the step, the German with a machine gun,\nthey killed him. Can you imagine how you felt about it, though? I was scared to\ndeath. I jumped under the bed. I stayed down there all day. My mother and father\n. . . my mother and my two sisters, they were in a different location, in a\ncellar. They stayed down there until evening time, then somebody came along and\nsaid, \"Everything's quiet now. You can come ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=3540.0,3570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"out.\" You forget so many things . .\n. that you cannot remember.\n\nKENT: Before we get into the post-war period of your life, let's just stick with\nthe early days a little more. What are some of the other memories, if you just\nsit and look back? We can't sum up the whole war in one hour.\n\nFROSTIG: That's true. The other ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=3570.0,3600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"time . . . was for me . . . it was going to\nschool. I was a good student. They were very proud of me. If anybody came to\ncheck out the children, they put me in front as an example. I'm a good student\nand everything. Everything's fine. Other than that, everybody had their own\nmind, their own thought in Europe. Nobody paid attention to about politics or\nthis and that. Everybody was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=3600.0,3630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"poor, just about everybody. There are people still\nstarving right now in Russia. They have nothing to eat. Elderly people survived.\nMaybe you see sometime on television, these survivors . . . Holocaust survivors\n. . . they're my age, a little bit older than that. They're somewhere in\nSiberia, down there where the cold weather is. They haven't got anybody, nothing\nlike that.\n\nKENT: Talk about the Jewish part of your life during those ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=3630.0,3660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"earlier years. What\nwas your family doing for the Holidays, at synagogue, and so on? What did it all\nmean to you?\n\nFROSTIG: The Jewish life . . . first of all, if you had parents . . . they were\nthe ones raising the children. My parents . . . my father was an educated man.\nHe was a cantor in Europe. Everybody had respect for him. He knew how to read\nand write in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=3660.0,3690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hebrew. Other than that, I was . . . people don't pay attention. As\nfar as I'm concerned, it doesn't matter. Everything was all right. You go to\nschool, you come back from school. One time, my father had a teacher who wants\nto teach me Hebrew. It didn't last too long. The teacher came in, stayed for a\ncouple weeks, the war broke out, he took off, and that was the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=3690.0,3720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"end of the\nlearning. Everything was fine. We come, we went to school, we come from school.\nWe played. We went to swim. We got lakes. We got this and that. It's just normal\nlike everybody else. It doesn't have to be Jewish. It could be anybody. We had\ngood relations with all the people down there.\n\nKENT: Did the Poles treat you any differently because you were German ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=3720.0,3750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"originally?\n\nFROSTIG: Nobody knew by that time. That was in 1936. When the whole thing\nstarted down there, we went to Poland.\n\nKENT: You didn't have a German accent?\n\nFROSTIG: No, we have parents talking Yiddish all the time. I don't think you . .\n. maybe someone who lived down there spoke German with an accent. I don't have\nan accent even right now talking English. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=3750.0,3780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't think so. A little bit? You\ngotta have a little bit. When I went to school here, the teachers were very\nsurprised of me, how good I am a student. I was learning English in Europe . . .\nin Germany after the war . . . As a matter of fact, a German teacher, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=3780.0,3810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"he taught\nme English. He said to me, \"Once you go to America, in six weeks you're gonna\nspeak English just like that.\" I knew some English already in Germany. When I\ncame over here, I went to high school. The teachers were so surprised. They told\neverybody, \"Take a look! He came in from Europe, he's got all A's and B's. You\nwere born here, don't know nothing!\" Just like ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=3810.0,3840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that! She told them like that! I\ndid fail English when I came and went to school. They gave me an 'F.' All right,\nthey gave me an 'F.' That's why I had to go to summer school. That's why they\ngave me an 'A' because . . . even a triple 'A' . . . I don't know if I've still\ngot it . . . triple A because they were so happy about it. They got . . . you\nknow how children they don't pay attention like here . . . they've got different\nthings on their mind.\n\nKENT: What was your impression of New York ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=3840.0,3870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for the two days you were there?\n\nFROSTIG: Only two days because of the family that we have here. Anybody else has\nfamily somewhere else. They sent us out because other people were coming in by\nthe hundreds, sometimes by the thousands, every week. I didn't . . .\n\nKENT: Were you in some kind of DP camp in Europe before coming here?\n\nFROSTIG: I was in a DP camp. That was after the war. A lot of people went to DP\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=3870.0,3900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"camps. They had better conditions down there. They had places where you can rest\nand eat. We happened to be outside the DP camp. We happened to be on the street.\nYou couldn't have no street after the war. You can live on the street. You\ndidn't have to go to the DP. We did live on the street.\n\nKENT: What was the name of it?\n\nFROSTIG: The name of the town was Ulm . . . U-L-M. That's the name of it. We\ndidn't stay too long ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=3900.0,3930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in Germany either. We went a short time. There was quite a\nfew . . . all of the survivors in DP camps. We were still the survivors in DP\nbut we had streets that you could live on, the streets. You didn't have to be on\nexactly down there. I don't know if you had to have some kind of privilege or\nsomething, I don't know, whatever your father did. Which is all right. It's\nbetter to be outside instead of inside . . . even after the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=3930.0,3960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"war . . . because\nall you see is sick people, hungry people. I already see there's plenty of them.\nIf you go to some other location, you survive.\n\nKENT: Do you have any interactions with Germans after the war--just the regular\npeople? I'm wondering what their attitude was about things.\n\nFROSTIG: I'll tell you something. After the war, we went to a concentration camp\ncalled Dachau. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=3960.0,3990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"People lived close by, and my father asked them, \"What happened?\nWhat have you all been doing here? Why are you all . . . \" \"We didn't know\nanything. We didn't know anything.\" It's maybe half a mile from the camp. They\ndidn't know anything? Can you imagine? They were afraid to talk to us, or\nsomething like that. Of course they knew. Everybody in the whole world knew what\nwas going on. You see people surrounded and have hunger and all . . . they don't\nknow or ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=3990.0,4020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not. They didn't want to say they did because people say, \"How come you\ndidn't do anything about it if you knew?\" They kind of played it like they don't\nknow nothing about it. Even some of them don't believe it now, that the whole\nthing happened. You take the . . . people in Tehran, Iran, down there. Can you\nimagine? Those mobs are . . . talking crazy things about the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=4020.0,4050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jews. It's\nunbelievable. I don't know why America or Jews wait so long to take care of\nthem. Well, they're afraid. America's afraid. They don't want to help the Jews.\nWhen war comes, they will help. Most of the time the Jews don't care. They can\ntake care of themselves. I hate to say it, but I think it's coming . . . very soon.\n\nKENT: Let's go into the American half of your life now, or more ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=4050.0,4080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"than half. What\nwere your impressions of Atlanta in 1946? What was the city like in those days?\n\nFROSTIG: The city of Atlanta were poor, as far as I can see. The family . . .\nwhat we . . . what my father had . . . very poor. They were working for somebody\nelse. They couldn't survive. They survived all right but they didn't have anything.\n\nKENT: Do you remember ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=4080.0,4110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"those names--the relatives' names?\n\nFROSTIG: Most of them got Frostig. My father had two brothers here and two sisters.\n\nKENT: They left before the war?\n\nFROSTIG: They was before the First World War, I believe. A lot of people left.\nSome of them . . . most of them . . . anybody who's alive . . . they're still in\nNew York. I wanted to say something. I forgot what it was. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=4110.0,4140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm trying to think\nwhat I had in mind.\n\nKENT: Just that those relatives were very poor and nobody had anything?\n\nFROSTIG: They were poor. They didn't work with somebody else. The only people .\n. . person who sent us the affidavit . . . it was a cousin of mine. Her husband\nwas a doctor. They had the money. They had a place where they lived. They were\nthe ones who sent us the paper. The other people couldn't afford it because, in\ncase something happens to it, they ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=4140.0,4170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"want to take care of themselves. How can they\ntake care of us? We had a rough time being in Atlanta, working with somebody.\nAh! What I tell you was going on in Atlanta, you don't want to listen about it.\n\nKENT: Try us.\n\nFROSTIG: They took an advantage of us! I worked. I worked on a newsstand\ndowntown--forgot the person's name--about three o'clock in the morning. Every\nhour I had to go ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=4170.0,4200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to pick up mail from the Post Office, carrying it on my back\nevery hour. Different papers, Chicago, New York. I asked the person, \"Can you\ngive me something I can pull it? I can . . . I don't have to . . . \" He said,\n\"No, I'm not gonna do it.\" Can you imagine? A Jew man. He couldn't buy a little\nwagon . . . or whatever you call that thing . . . to push it. I said, \"Heck.\" I\nsaid, \"Then I'm going out. I quit.\" There were some other ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=4200.0,4230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"stories . . . I worked\nin a bakery. My father did too. The person who I quit to the papers, the person\nsaid, \"Come to me. I'll give you some more money. I'll take care of you.\" I\nsaid, \"All right.\" When I came into the place of business, there was a lady\ntaking care of the business. She got paid $35 a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=4230.0,4260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"week. I thought maybe I'll get\n$20 or $25. After all, I'm taking the business. The same thing what she's doing,\nI'm doing . . . the same thing . . . cutting up, wrapping up . . . Only $14. He\nsaid, \"I'm gonna $14.\" The paper man gave me $12. He said, \"I'm gonna give you a\nraise . . . $14.\" I said, \"Forget about it. I can't.\" It's unbelievable! My\nfather had the same thing. My father asked the person in Atlanta, \"Give ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=4260.0,4290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"me a\nraise--just $2.\" He made $17 a week. He wanted to make two because he got myself\nand my mother to take care of. He wouldn't do it. My father was intelligent. He\nknew how to count. He knew how to weight the merchandise. He knew how to take\ncare of the customers.\n\nKENT: Did he speak English by that point?\n\nFROSTIG: No. Jews . . . that was a Jewish place. He didn't have to speak\nEnglish. I don't . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=4290.0,4320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"No.\n\nKENT: That wasn't the reason?\n\nFROSTIG: No, that wasn't the reason because most of all the people were Jewish.\nFor instance, Saturday afternoon, evening time, the store opens up people come\nin to buy. Business as usual . . .\n\nKENT: Did you have any general sense of how the Jews here, what their attitude\nwas about the immigrants who were coming in?\n\nFROSTIG: That's what I've been telling you. All the Jews--not ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=4320.0,4350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"just in New York,\nall over--the Jews, the people that came in before the war . . . after the First\nWorld War. They were poor. They didn't know how to sign their names. You'd be\nsurprised. That's how they couldn't go in business for themselves. We went in\nbusiness. My mother . . . years ago, we didn't have any registers. We had to\nwrite everything down with a pencil, add it up. My ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=4350.0,4380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"mother used to do that. Every\ntime she wrote it up, she would add it up, and that's it. For me it was easy.\nSurely you know the difference from doing something, know something, and not to\nknow something. You're talking about I . . . my father begged him. He says,\n\"No.\" He says, \"I'm quitting. I don't want to work anymore.\" Are you going to\nadvertise too? Are you gonna say that they're still . . . what I'm talking about now?\n\nEINSTEIN: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=4380.0,4410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We'll edit the tape, but don't . . . we won't put anything that you\nwould find to be embarrassing . . . you just tell us the truth.\n\nKENT: You can edit this however you want.\n\nFROSTIG: I'll tell you the truth. Now the place where we were, where we stayed\nin one room downtown . . . the town has changed, the old town. We stayed by a\nperson. We told him the story. He said . . . to my father, \"Come on, maybe you\nlisten to me. I'll see if I can get ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=4410.0,4440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you a couple dollars an hour.\" He went to\ntalk to the person, Jewish person, delicatessen. Nothing doing. The person said\nto my father, \"I'll tell you what. I'm gonna loan you $1,000.\" We already saved\nmaybe a few hundred dollars. He says, \"You'll go into business.\" He buys up a\ngrocery store. He didn't want anything. He didn't care if we were not able to\npay him back. He was a rich man. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=4440.0,4470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think he was a rich man. But a rich man and a\npoor man, you gotta have character. He loaned us the money and we went into\nbusiness. Business went very bad. The first day I took in $13. It was the worst\nafternoon. That was just the afternoon. It was a place with nothing. No fixtures\n. . . nothing. We built it up. We bought fixtures and in one year's time we\nspent $10,000 . . . bought some new ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=4470.0,4500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"fixtures.\n\nKENT: Where was this?\n\nFROSTIG: In Atlanta . . . DeKalb County.\n\nKENT: Was there a name for the store or the business?\n\nFROSTIG: Yes, Frostig Supermarket . . . We built up the business almost ten\ntimes as much as it used to. We had to get a helper . . . a partner to help us\nout. It was so hard to work and my father getting tired, getting almost age . .\n. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=4500.0,4530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"old to work. I said, \"You have to work. You're pretty soon gonna get Social\nSecurity. I'll find me some other job.\" We sold the store. Something else I want\nto talk about.\n\nKENT: I'm curious. The locals--especially the Jews--they didn't have a sense\nlike they maybe owed the survivors anything--like being grateful that you all\ncame over? ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=4530.0,4560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Nothing like that?\n\nFROSTIG: Believe me, I know some Jews that said to me and to my mother, \"I wish\nHitler would kill all of you.\" Jews! I'm not telling a story. I'm not a man\ntelling you lies--nothing like that. Can you imagine? Because they were jealous.\nI had . . . bought a business. A man worked in that business. I thought, \"Maybe\nI'll keep him for a few weeks or not.\" He didn't wait. He ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=4560.0,4590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"left the store. He\nsaid the same thing, \"I wish you all had been dead over there with Hitler.\" Can\nyou imagine Jewish people talking like that? I'm not telling you no story. I'm\ntelling you exactly what it's all about. Unbelievable. Now maybe there still are\n. . . people who are still jealous. Like I told you in the paper. I saw it and I\nshowed it to the rabbi. He said, \"It's unbelievable how Jews ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=4590.0,4620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"still . . . \" They\ndon't like us. Really, they don't like us because we've got a pretty good life.\nWe came in, we worked. Most everybody got a good business like, for instance,\nhere. I bought a house when I got married in 1955. We bought a house 1955. I've\nbeen here 55 years, I think . . . 54 years . . . same house, same location, same\ntelephone number, same address. It shows you . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=4620.0,4650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":". there was the grocery\nbusiness. The people . . . the black people, the colored people . . . they liked\nthe way I am. They are the ones who gave me the business. I was young. I had\npatience. Then the school with the children, they come out of school, they want\nsomething in the summertime, you know, the ice . . . sucking them. I had\nneighbors down there. They didn't want to play with the children. All the\nchildren from school ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=4650.0,4680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"came . . . stayed in my line. When they're home and their\nparents send them to the store to buy things . . . the colored people, they're\nvery smart--the children. They know how to count. They know everything. The\nparents told them, \"Go ahead. Give me . . . buy me this, buy me that.\" They went\nto the store. Where did they go? They went to me. Why? Because after school they\nhad something to do. That's very nice. That's how the name, \"Go down ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=4680.0,4710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to Frostig.\nHe got the best meat.\" Just like that. It used to be a grocery store. Why?\nBecause . . . I used to go almost every day to the warehouses, packing store,\nbuying some meat . . . like--I don't know if they're still here--Armour and\nRight Provision and all that kind of things just to have it at the place. The\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=4710.0,4740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"meat was nice and fresh and clean. That's they say, \"You want something good?\nYou go down to Frostig. He got the best sausage.\" It's just you build up the\nname and you'd be surprised. People like me. Why? They like my mother and father\ntoo. We caught a lot of people stealing. My father was the kind, he'd say, \"Wait\na minute. If you steal . . . \" he took the merchandise away from him, \" . . .\nyou gotta pay for it.\" ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=4740.0,4770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They paid for the merchandise, and the money what we's\ncollected, we give it to the church. The church, big deal. The church . . .\neveryone likes the church. They said \"Don't you mess around with Frostig!\" They\nstop . . . coming, stealing.\n\nKENT: When you first came here, what did you notice about how the black and the\nwhite populations ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=4770.0,4800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were relating, like in the 1940's and 1950's?\n\nFROSTIG: Nothing, really, because as Jews . . . we didn't make any difference\nwho they are and what they are. The poor section always lived separately from\nthe white people. The poor didn't have no cars. They couldn't go out to big\nstores and buy things. They had to come in smaller stores to buy groceries and\nwhatever it is. We had a good ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=4800.0,4830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"name and good merchandise. That's all you need. If\nyou have a good name, you say, \"Go to so-and-so's store.\" Like Kroger says, \"Go\non to Kroger, you got the best deal in town! Better than Publix!\"\n\nKENT: Tell us about when you met your wife and what the early days of marriage\nand family were like.\n\nFROSTIG: I met my wife in 1954.\n\nKENT: Her name?\n\nFROSTIG: Her name is ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=4830.0,4860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Adolfa Kruger . . . K-R-U-G-E-R. My father-in-law was the\nmayor in town. He was a big shot.\n\nEINSTEIN: The Fitzgerald Krugers?\n\nFROSTIG: Yes. How do you know? Did I . . .\n\nEINSTEIN: We did interviews with them.\n\nFROSTIG: Yes, Fitzgerald. It was nice person and educated and . . .\n\nEINSTEIN: Abe Kruger?\n\nFROSTIG: Abe Kruger. What, where'd you get that?\n\nEINSTEIN: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=4860.0,4890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We're in an archive. We know all kinds of stuff.\n\nFROSTIG: He was the mayor in town. He was a big man. He took care of everything.\nThe people liked him . . . just like . . . you like someone, you can't help it.\nHe was a good man. I met her here in Atlanta, in a hotel. They came in--the\nparents--from over there. We got married in 1950 . . .\n\nKENT: Can you spell her name, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=4890.0,4920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"just so we get it right?\n\nFROSTIG: Adolfa . . . A-D-O-L-F-A.\n\nKENT: She was an American?\n\nFROSTIG: Yes, of course. She was born over here. Her parents came in, I guess,\nbefore the war, the First World War or after the First World War. He was a\ncantor in . . . the name of the town is Fitzgerald. He was a mayor . . . a mayor\npro tem. He was a cantor, he was . . . the whole synagogue belonged to him. He\ntook care of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=4920.0,4950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"everything. It was a good name. He took care of the whole town--the\npeople . . . the poor people, the rich people. He's in business. If anybody\ndidn't have anything to do, he'd give some money. A lot of people goodhearted\njust like myself. Now you talk about the difference between . . . we were sorry\nabout the . . . between the colored people and the white people. Now, that's not\nthe way it should be. It took a long time, but that's not the way. A ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=4950.0,4980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"person's a\nperson. If you don't like the colored people, how can you like a Jew? The same\nthing. There are people . . . some people . . . most . . . don't like the Jews.\nYou don't have to do that. We hadn't done anything to the people here in Atlanta\nor anywhere else. They recognized that we had a state. They were jealous because\nthe Jewish people were very educated. They got a lot of businesses going here in\nAmerica. They know what's going on in the whole world today. You didn't have to\nhave a big territory, but ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=4980.0,5010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as long as you know what you're doing, that's all\nright. We met here and about a year later, we got married. I don't know, I still\ngot a book. My father-in-law says he's got 500 people. Invited 500 people to the\nwedding. I got a book of all the names and all the presents they give. I don't\nknow what happened to the presents. I don't know. So ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=5010.0,5040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"many people on that list!\nWe had some Jewish people invited to the wedding. They came back saying, \"We\nnever seen a wedding like this in our life. So many people and it's a beautiful wedding.\"\n\nKENT: Where was it held?\n\nFROSTIG: It was in . . . Fitzgerald. They got an auditorium. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=5040.0,5070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They put all the\npeople in it. Everybody just about gave some kind of present. We should have\nnever saw the presents! We left them . . . That's okay, though. Yes, we . . . I\nlived a couple weeks with my parents and I bought a house in 1955.\n\nEINSTEIN: Could you go back just a second? We forgot to ask ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=5070.0,5100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you about when you\ncame here. You started high school?\n\nFROSTIG: Yes.\n\nEINSTEIN: First of all, which high school? Second of all, how did you relate to\nthe kids here who were just American teenagers and you'd had this . . .\n\nFROSTIG: The teacher told them, \"Take a look at Haskell. He just came in from\nEurope. He hasn't speak English and he does some of the good things . . . A or\nB. You've been born here. You cannot do nothing.\" Just like that. I was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=5100.0,5130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"happy.\nThey didn't like it but that was the truth. I was a good student . . . in\nEurope, a good student. I am here a good student. I am a little . . . I davened\nin the synagogue for the holidays. I can be a chazzan, too. I was.\n\nEINSTEIN: Which high school was it? Was it Boys' High?\n\nFROSTIG: No . . . the high school . . . I now forgot the name of it ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=5130.0,5160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but now they\nchanged it to Bass High School.\n\nEINSTEIN: In Little Five Points?\n\nFROSTIG: There used to be another name. Hoch-Schmidt, I think. That's it,\nHoch-Schmidt. That's the name of the school. It was in walking distance. At\nlunchtime, the school . . . you maybe walked about ten minutes or less to the\nhouse, had lunch, go back to school.\n\nKENT: Apart from being an immigrant . . . that you were survivor of what\nhappened . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=5160.0,5190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that's a different type of experience. What did the people here\nmake of that? Not just that you had an accent or whatever, but that you went\nthrough all that. Were they curious, did they ask?\n\nFROSTIG: I don't know. I didn't have much time to think about those people would\nthink about it. I . . . we'd been in the business. We took care of the shul,\ntook care of the business. Every time, every Yontif or ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=5190.0,5220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Shabbos my father was\ngoing to shul. I was going to the synagogue. Now I'm a little bit sick, but I\njoined the Chabad Intown . . . the name of Chabad Intown . . . Rabbi\nSchusterman. I davened down there for Yontif. I can do it.\n\nKENT: How many other survivors were here in Atlanta during those days? That you knew?\n\nFROSTIG: At least about 200 and maybe more . . . after, more. I counted 200\nabout a few years. Later, after that . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=5220.0,5250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there's a lot of more came in that\nhad no connection because working too hard . . . working many hours. I didn't\nhave a chance to socialize with people. I imagine quite a few of them came in .\n. . maybe another 100 people or something like that. Most of them died out already.\n\nKENT: During the late 1940's and 1950's, you weren't in touch with them too much?\n\nFROSTIG: Yes. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=5250.0,5280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We belonged to the Jewish Community Center used to be on Capital\nAvenue. No, I didn't do so much. I'd been working so many hours and got so\ntired. Every day, come home . . . I couldn't . . . and next day had to go to\nsame thing. I worked at a store of my business from 8 o'clock till 6 o'clock\neveryday. That's long hours. When ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=5280.0,5310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Sunday came, I just rested up. The time is,\nafter all . . . I'd been robbed a few times . . . they break into the store. I'd\nbeen Underground Atlanta. They came in from the basement . . . from underground\nbasement . . . came into the store . . . twice. It was my fault. I had all the\nmoney down there left. They probably . . . they found out the first time I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=5310.0,5340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"had\nthe money, they came a second time. I think I knew who it was but I cannot tell\nif you do not know for sure.\n\nKENT: Even if you didn't really talk about it or have time to think about it,\nhow did that whole war experience affect you do you suppose? How are you\ndifferent than a regular immigrant who didn't go through any of that?\n\nFROSTIG: You're talking about immigrants after the war or before?\n\nKENT: Maybe a non-Jewish immigrant. Somebody who ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=5340.0,5370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is an immigrant and has to deal\nwith money and resettling and everything, but who didn't go through the horrible\nexperiences. I'm wondering how that part of your life has affected you.\n\nFROSTIG: It didn't affect me too much because I didn't . . . Most of the time\nyou work. You had to work Saturday. Being Jewish and a little religious, you're\nsupposed to . . . We had an argument with Rabbi Feldman from Beth Jacob ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=5370.0,5400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"years\nago. We had a house and he had a house across the street. On Sunday, he cut the\ngrass . . . the rabbi. My father goes out, \"Rabbi, that doesn't sound right!\nYou're a rabbi. You go to cut the grass?\" He said, \"In America, you can do\nanything.\" They wanted to join us to our shul. Beth Jacob wanted to join Anshi\nS'fard. Just about ready to make a deal. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=5400.0,5430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Then we said . . . the rabbi got mad at\nus. Why? Because we work on Saturday. I said . . . my father said, \"Listen.\" My\nfather said, \"I know as much maybe as you do--maybe even more than that. But I'm\npoor and I got to work because, otherwise, if I don't work on Friday night or\nSaturday, I might as well not work at all.\" That's why everybody . . . just\nabout everybody . . . worked. They made business and they get paid up on Friday.\nThey go out and buy something. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=5430.0,5460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Saturday the same. They have a little money. One\ntime at Yontif, we closed. They went downtown to people with big bags . . . this\nWinn-Dixie store. They come in the store and say, \"I want a celery.\" I said,\n\"What the heck? You bought all their stuff and then you come here for celery?\"\nThe rabbi . . . we got . . . we kind of . . . we couldn't do that. The rabbi . .\n. I understand, that's the way it's supposed to be . . . they're supposed to\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=5460.0,5490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"work . . . but if you don't work . . . if you've got a business you have to work\non Saturday . . . he can't help it. Most everybody who came from Europe worked\non Saturday because . . . that was Friday night to Saturday. If you don't work\non Saturday, you cash the checks, they go to the other places. If you don't work\nthose two days, you might as well close up your store. How can you do a business\nif you cannot survive?\n\nEINSTEIN: I'm kind of curious how you ended up in Anshi S'fard rather than\nAhavath Achim.\n\nFROSTIG: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=5490.0,5520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Beth Jacob?\n\nEINSTEIN: Ahavath Achim.\n\nFROSTIG: Anshi S'fard is a very religious shul, Orthodox shul. On the Yontif . .\n. just on Shabbos too . . . It's a different atmosphere. You daven religiously,\nthe way it's written in the book without an ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=5520.0,5550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"explanation in English and things\nlike that. Everybody knew just about Yiddish . . . knew how to speak. Most of\nthem Yiddish-speaking and most of them knew how to daven. My father came from\nEurope. He was a religious man, like we were. But me . . . I didn't have a\nchoice to be that way because it's a different situation. I had to work. My\nfather . . . he was a chazzan. Talking about a chazzan, my father got paid one\ntime ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=5550.0,5580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/187","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"$300 for Rosh Ha-Shanah and Yom Kippur. Two days, $300. There was a poor\nfamily about a block away from us, from the shul. My father opened up an account\nand put the $300 in the bank. Every month he wrote out a check for $25 and then\ngave it to a family who was sick, couldn't do nothing. That's how we spent the\n$300. Can you see? This is the kind of person my father was. He did what he\ncould to help somebody else. You don't find that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=5580.0,5610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/188","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"kind of people. We could have\nused the $300 ourselves. That was in the beginning, way back then. This is the\nkind of person, so . . . Is that true? You made . . . he made $300. They paid\nhim $300 for two days, three days. He takes the money, opens an account, and\ngives the money every week to somebody else. He had a heart. That's how we are.\n\nKENT: Did you have kids later on?\n\nFROSTIG: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=5610.0,5640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/189","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yes, I had kids. I got three sons. They're working for somebody else\nand . . . one of them works for himself. He used to be the weather report man.\nWeather . . . he used to travel a lot outside of town, tornadoes and all kind of\njazz. He's in business for himself now. He's doing all right. I think he's doing\nall right.\n\nKENT: Were you conscious of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=5640.0,5670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/190","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"raising kids with any particular values or teaching\nthem anything in particular because of where you were?\n\nFROSTIG: Yes. They'd been going to school. They'd been going to Hebrew School.\nThey made good grades. They came in, did what I did--on Yontif you come there to\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=5670.0,5700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"daven, went together, the Jewish people. It might not be 100 percent the way you\nwant it to be, even in this country. Sometimes you cannot help it. They got\ntheir lives for themselves, what you gonna do? Tell them differently? They're\nnot gonna want to know about it. They're not married.\n\nKENT: Did your attitude about Jewishness ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=5700.0,5730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"change at all because of the war\nexperience? Stronger, weaker, different, or anything?\n\nFROSTIG: I think it's weaker because most of the people . . . especially most of\nthe people now in . . . America . . . from Europe to America and Israel . . .\nmost the newcomers, they had to work . . . most of them on a Saturday . . .\nFriday night and Saturday. Everybody took care of their own business. We ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=5730.0,5760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/193","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"didn't\n. . . Some people like to talk about each other and be that kind of people. We\ndon't want to be that kind of people. Mostly everybody did pretty well for\nthemselves. People who came over here--I would say 90 percent--they all went\ninto business. They did buy some houses, they buy some land, and they buy some\nshopping centers. Sometimes it's good, sometimes bad. Times have changed. They\nchanged for ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=5760.0,5790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/194","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"everybody . . . Those people I used to know, they're gone . . . died out.\n\nEINSTEIN: Who are your friends? Who were your friends who were survivors? Who\ndid you hang out with?\n\nFROSTIG: I hanged out with the people some from the synagogue. I had a partner.\nI hanged out with him a lot. I had ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=5790.0,5820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"one friend. You didn't have too many young\npeople here . . . survivors. Then I didn't have that much time to be social on\nthe weekend, on Friday and Saturday. That's . . .\n\nEINSTEIN: You didn't go to the New World Club, did you?\n\nFROSTIG: No.\n\nEINSTEIN: A lot of teenagers who came here . . .\n\nFROSTIG: New World? I never heard of it.\n\nEINSTEIN: New World Club. Yes, they were . . .\n\nFROSTIG: I never heard of it.\n\nEINSTEIN: You might have been working too hard by that time.\n\nFROSTIG: That's for sure!\n\nKENT: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=5820.0,5850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/196","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now that you're in the retirement phase of your life and you do have time,\ndo you think more about the past?\n\nFROSTIG: You cannot help it because if you read . . . I read Jewish papers. I\nread Jewish papers and English papers . . . and the things that are written . .\n. most of the time from Israel, it's unbelievable. Even Jews with Jews can't get\nalong down there in Israel. There are some religious Jews and there are some not\nreligious. They're having a rough ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=5850.0,5880.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"time getting together. A lot of them came from\nRussia . . . the Jews . . . after the war . . . they're not even Jews. They just\nmarried a lady, a woman. Maybe she's Jewish and she made her husband Jewish.\nAfter they came into Israel, a lot of them divorced and stuff. They didn't want\nto have nothing to do with them. They went into business for themselves. They\nhave businesses. They sell pork on Shabbos. They sell everything. They're just\nlike in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=5880.0,5910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Europe. I don't know. It's . . . time's changed. I'm worried about the\nwars coming up. You don't think so?\n\nKENT: What are you imagining is going to come?\n\nFROSTIG: It's sooner than later because there's no way that you can escape. Iran\ndoesn't listen to nobody! People talk about Alabam . . . I call him 'Alabam.'\n\"We gonna talk about it. We ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=5910.0,5940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/199","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"gonna talk about it.\" He can talk and he does what\nhe wants to do. Time is running out.\n\nKENT: What do you think is going to happen?\n\nFROSTIG: It's gonna happen. Israel has to get rid of him. Then maybe another\ngovernment will come along, change the policy. That's the only thing that could\nhappen. Even now, if a war works out . . . broke out . . . a lot of people\nwouldn't ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=5940.0,5970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/200","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"even help us anymore. Like England and France and the rest of them.\nThey just talk about it. But I think Israel can take care of themselves. They\nhad an A-bomb for 50 years already. Nobody knows about it. I guess they do, but\nI don't know.\n\nKENT: If you were the leader of Israel, what would you do to try to solve the\ncomplex situation there? Or is it solvable even?\n\nFROSTIG: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=5970.0,6000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You cannot give away the territory what the Arabs took over . . . I\nmean, what the Jews give away to Arabs. The war started in . . . 1967 or\nsomething like that. They lost the war. The Jews took over a lot of places. If\nthe Arabs would have won the war, they wouldn't give nothing to the Jews. They\nwould've run them out. Now they think that everything belongs to them because\nthey see the Jewish people . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=6000.0,6030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they can do things. They made a . . . from the\ndesert, they made it bloom in the whole neighborhood, the whole country, things\nto grow and everything else. They've been down there for years, they didn't care\nabout nothing. Besides, they got 20 countries . . . Arab countries. If they\nreally want to take care of the people down there, each one can take care of a\nfew thousand between themselves. They went one time . . . they went to another\ncountry--I forgot the name of it--and they ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=6030.0,6060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were stealing and robbing. This is\nthe way the people are like that. There are some people who helps them out.\nThere were some German people who did help them out years ago. Even the Pope\nwasn't so hot for the Jews in the Second World War. He didn't say nothing about\nwhat's going on in the world. Now they think they want us to change a little bit\n. . . that he tried. Tried doesn't mean a thing. They should've done something\nabout ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=6060.0,6090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it. He was afraid himself, that's true, but afraid doesn't mean a thing.\nYou can still be good. If somebody wants to do you some harm, they're gonna do\nit anyway. No, that's wrong of them.\n\nKENT: How much do you suppose the Holocaust changed the world?\n\nFROSTIG: The Holocaust . . . Iran says it never happened. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=6090.0,6120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/205","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He tells all the world\nsomething like that. The Jews have to take care of themselves and to build up to\nmake sure that, if something happens, they can take care of themselves. We don't\nhave another place to go. Not a place. I wouldn't be surprised a lot of people\nin America would like to see something happen to the Jews. But it's a free\ncountry. It's a lot of different nationalities and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=6120.0,6150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/206","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they're trying to calm down.\n\nKENT: Some of your other descendants--if you have grandkids someday and\ngreat-grandkids--if they see this, what would you want them to know about you?\nWhat message would you have to share a hundred years from now?\n\nFROSTIG: I don't know what to say what's gonna be 100 years from now. I don't\nknow what's gonna be next year. I don't know.\n\nKENT: What would you want people to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=6150.0,6180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"get out of all this other than just a\nhorrible war story? Should anything be learned? Was there a moral to this or was\nit just another war story?\n\nFROSTIG: The Jews should stick together. They don't even have to have a big\nterritory. They're smart people. They can do a lot of things . . . which they do\nnow . . . settling all over the country. One day, if ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=6180.0,6210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"something's going to have\nto happen, it's going to have to be better than it is now. Who knows? It's hard\nto tell. There's a lot of places the people still suffering. The world doesn't\nwant to help them either.\n\nKENT: Why do you suppose there is a bit of an anti-Jewish attitude? . . . You\nmade some ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=6210.0,6240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/209","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"remarks that, even here, a lot of people aren't that fond of Jews. Why\ndo you suppose that is?\n\nFROSTIG: It is because a lot of people came from overseas and the hate . . .\nthey brought it over here. Then they come out openly . . . this is the way they\nare. A lot of people in Europe, they know what happened to the Jews. They tell\nthe different clubs and the different organizations . . . the Jews . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=6240.0,6270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":". It's a\ngood thing the Jews have a country for themselves. What happens later, nobody\nknows. What happen to the whole world, nobody knows.\n\nKENT: Is there anything else you want to add that we haven't asked?\n\nFROSTIG: You have to come back a second time. I could never stop . . . I cannot\nremember even what I said. There are so many things that you can talk about. How\ncan I say things . . . what happened . . . in two hours or ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=6270.0,6300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so? It lasted for\nyears. Unbelievable.\n\nEINSTEIN: Right. When you think of those years, do you have some feeling or\nsomething that comes into your mind? What's the first thing that you think about\nwhen you think about those years?\n\nFROSTIG: It seems like the world hasn't learned the lesson yet. The people in\nEurope--all over the world, not just in Europe--happened to be ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=6300.0,6330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in . . . the guy\ndown there in South America . . . I forgot his name . . .\n\nKENT: Chavez?\n\nFROSTIG: He got . . . he's trying to talk about different things, about America,\nyesterday and everything. It's ridiculous. Taken by the government here that let\nthem in the country now . . . they're no good, I can tell you that much. Things\nare gonna get trouble. He gonna get in trouble, because he thinks he's a\nprofessor. He's a professor. He can talk to people, but to do ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=6330.0,6360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/213","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"something? He\ndoesn't do nothing. That's all I can tell you. His government is no good here.\nThere has to be a time, three or four years from now . . . somebody else will\nhave to come in. That's no good for the Jews either because he'll listen. All\nthe people in the world, he knows. He's been a member of the church in Chicago\nfor 20 years and he doesn't know what the preacher used to talk about? You mean,\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=6360.0,6390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"after 20 years, nothing? Nobody told him what was going on? It's a lie. That\nshows . . . it's a lie.\n\nKENT: The good old days when Bush was president--the golden years!\n\nEINSTEIN: The good part is where you always get another chance to find somebody\nelse who can mess things up in a new and different way.\n\nFROSTIG: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=6390.0,6420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There's always a chance, but . . . if he survives four years, three\nmore years . . . it'll be a miracle. Maybe the world is gonna be different. He\ndon't want to listen to nobody. He can't. He's afraid. He's afraid to talk about\ndifferent things. He goes down to different countries, trying to make peace, but\nit doesn't mean a thing. It doesn't. He just talks about it. He talks people\ndon't listen when he ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=6420.0,6450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"talks. They already got tired of him.\n\nEINSTEIN: Let me ask you one really quick question. Since we're sitting here,\nwas it Rabbi Cohen who was in Anshi S'fard during the years when . . . who's the\nrabbi there?\n\nFROSTIG: His name was Rabbi Katz.\n\nEINSTEIN: Katz, right. What do you remember about him?\n\nFROSTIG: I was his partner. We got to get along pretty good. We sat together. We\nwent on vacation together. He's all right. He ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=6450.0,6480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/217","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"wasn't . . . he didn't like the\nway things are. I think Rabbi Epstein didn't . . . made him a big rabbi . . . He\ntold me he's not exactly 100 percent rabbi. That's how things went down. He\ndidn't get paid in the shul, only for Yontif. I used to pay him. I used to raise\n. . . I raised everybody's dues. Our dues used to be $35 a year in Anshi S'fard.\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=6480.0,6510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/218","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I raised it only $100. That was a big deal. What's $100 a year? Nothing. I don't\nknow how much they charge now, but I was . . .\n\nEINSTEIN: More than that!\n\nFROSTIG: Not that much more. Of course, you gotta . . . you're a rabbi. They pay\nmore dues. I donate some money to them because I used to be a member. I'm still\na member but I cannot go around anymore like I used to. We used to go together.\nWe used to travel on ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=6510.0,6540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/219","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"vacations. He had a big mouth. That's all I can tell you.\nExcuse me, I didn't mean that for . . . Other than that, everything was okay.\nHe's got trouble in his family, too. He's got one son, I think, that died a few\nyears. Then the other son that don't want to know anything about it. He don't\nwant to talk to him. Nothing. They're ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=6540.0,6570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/220","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"strangers.\n\nEINSTEIN: What were the differences between the Jewish community here in that\nshul when you came here and what you were used to in Europe? Did people talk to\nyou at all about . . .\n\nFROSTIG: In Europe it was a different situation. The shul . . . everybody was\npoor. Nobody had nothing to show off. Even in Europe. They had besmedrech. They\nhad a besmedrech. They had a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=6570.0,6600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/221","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"shul. They took all the Jews, the rabbis, the\nchazzans, and everybody else that lived there . . . the children. They locked\nthem up in one place next to the shul. They locked them up and then burned them\nalive. That's how much I . . . It's awful to think about. You're passing by a\nshul and besmedrech and all the people down there . . . Can you imagine? Taking\npeople . . . everybody, children . . . and burn 'em up? ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=6600.0,6630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/222","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's something I\ncannot forget. It's unbelievable. Unbelievable.\n\nEINSTEIN: Did you have grandparents or anybody else there? What happened to your grandparents?\n\nFROSTIG: I don't remember them. They must have died before. I don't know. Long\ntime . . . No, I don't remember. Probably best. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=6630.0,6660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/223","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Times change. You get old. You\nforget things a little bit.\n\nKENT: Ruth has more tape. If you've got more memories, maybe we can do a part two.\n\nFROSTIG: I don't know, but maybe it'll come up something to me. You cannot do\nthat in two hours time to tell you a story in three years because everyday was a history-made.\n\nEINSTEIN: Probably doing this interview will spark some more memories. We'll\njust get together another time ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=6660.0,6690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/224","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and we can go through some of this.\n\nKENT: Maybe write down anything, so you won't forget.\n\nFROSTIG: In the meantime, I wanted to go down to the Jewish Federation down\nthere and see what's going on down there. I sit in the house most of the time\nand don't drive. You get kind of lonesome. I thought maybe a couple times a week\nand meet some people and be more interested . . . you sit and watch television.\nThat's no . . . television doesn't do much good.\n\nKENT: Thanks very much for being willing to drudge up all ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=6690.0,6720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/225","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"these memories. I know\nit wasn't pleasant.\n\nFROSTIG: Yes. I don't know. Sometimes I think it's better to forget, believe me.\nI just don't know how we survived . . . hunger and no sickness and nothing to\nchange the clothes. It's worse than animals.\n\nEINSTEIN: Thank you both very ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=6720.0,6750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/transcript/22479/annotation/226","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"much.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=6750.0,6780.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/annotation_set/356","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Annotations [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/annotation_set/356/annotation/227","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIn their applications for United States citizenship, Beuthen, Germany is given as the birthplace of Haskell and his parents. Beuthen was a town in Upper Silesia, Germany. Before World War II, it had over 3,500 Jewish inhabitants. Most left before the war began. Those who remained were deported to Auschwitz-Birkenau in the summer of 1942. Today, the town is known as Bytom, Poland.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/annotation_set/356/annotation/228","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Frostig family left Germany around 1936. In the years between 1933 and 1939, the Nazi regime had brought radical and daunting social, economic, and communal change to the German Jewish community. The Nazi party began to persecute Jews through a series of anti-Semitic legislation that included more than 400 decrees and regulations restricting all aspects of their public and private lives. The boycott of Jewish businesses began in 1933 and Jews were soon expelled from almost all professions and commercial life. The first major law to curtail the rights of Jews was the Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service in April 1933, which excluded Jews from civil service. Jewish citizens found themselves increasingly disenfranchised after the Nuremberg Race Laws were instituted in 1935. The laws formed the cornerstone of the German Nazi Party’s racial policy and heralded in a new wave of anti-Semitic legislation that brought about immediate and concrete segregation. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/annotation_set/356/annotation/229","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe “German-Soviet Nonaggression Pact” of August 1939, also called the “Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact” was a short-lived agreement between the Soviets and Germans in which they agreed to not attack one another and to divide Poland. German troops invaded Poland from the west on September 1, 1939. Soviet troops invaded from the east on September 17. By September 28, Germany and the Soviet Union had reached an agreement partitioning Poland and outlining their zones of occupation. The demarcation line between German- and Soviet-occupied zones ran along the Bug River, between Krakow and Lvov. Soviet forces occupied eastern Poland, where Haskell’s family was, until the summer of 1941, when the Germans expelled them in their push east to invade the Soviet Union.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=90.0,120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/annotation_set/356/annotation/230","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAlso spelled ‘Lwow.’ Lwów was once a Polish town in the southeast of Poland. It is approxiametly 450 kilometers east of Krakow, Poland. The Germans renamed the city ‘Lemberg’ when they occuppied it during World War II. Since the war, it is known as ‘Lviv’ and is a city in western Ukraine. When Haskell says his family went to Lvov, he is referencing the broader province around Lvov. The surname Frostig appears in multiple birth, death, and marriage records in the early twentieth century for the city of Lvov as well as in the nearby towns of Zolkiew and Mosty Wielkie. According to an interview Haskell did with the USC Shoah Foundation Institute in 1997, the family was in the town of Mosty Wielkie, about 45 kilometers north of Lvov. Mosty Wielkie [Polish] was established in the fifteenth century. In 1939, the Jewish population was about 1,400. There are no Jews living there today and it is now known as Velyki Mosty, Ukraine.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=90.0,120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/annotation_set/356/annotation/231","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAfter escaping from the Rawa Ruska labor camp in June 1943, Haskell and his parents hid in the woods and in the barns of friendly farmers. When the Russian army liberated the area in late summer 1944, Haskell recognized the Russian soldiers because they had occupied the area from September 1939 until June 1941.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=240.0,270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/annotation_set/356/annotation/232","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIn common usage, \u003cem\u003eGoy\u003c/em\u003e [Yiddish: people, nation] designates a non-Jewish or Gentile person. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=450.0,480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/annotation_set/356/annotation/233","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAfter liberation, many Jewish survivors encountered manifestations of anti-Semitism, hostility, and violence from the local populations when they returned home. In postwar Poland, there were a number of pogroms (violent anti-Jewish riots). One of the most well known examples occurred in the southeastern Polish town of Kielce on July 4, 1946. Polish civilians, soldiers and police killed 42 Jews and injured 40 others. While not an isolated instance, the massacre symbolized the precarious state of Jewish life in the Holocaust’s aftermath and prompted many survivors to leave Europe.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=510.0,540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/annotation_set/356/annotation/234","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMajer, Dora, and Chaskell Frosting are listed on the passenger manifest of the \u003cem\u003eSS Ernie Pyle\u003c/em\u003e, which left Bremen, Germany on June 12, 1947 and arrived in New York City, New York on June 22, 1947.   \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=540.0,570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/annotation_set/356/annotation/235","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA cantor is the prayer leader in the synagogue.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=630.0,660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/annotation_set/356/annotation/236","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCongregation Anshi S'fard is an Orthodox synagogue located in Atlanta, Georgia. It was founded in 1911 to provide a home for Hasidic worship and fellowship for Jews from Poland, Galicia, and the Ukraine who had settled in Atlanta. It is the oldest Orthodox synagogue in Atlanta.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=660.0,690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/annotation_set/356/annotation/237","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eTorah\u003c/em\u003e [Hebrew: teaching] is a general term that covers all Jewish law including the vast mass of teachings recorded in the \u003cem\u003eTalmud\u003c/em\u003e and other rabbinical works. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=660.0,690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/annotation_set/356/annotation/238","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eYontif\u003c/em\u003e is the Yiddish word; in Hebrew it is\u003cem\u003e yom tov\u003c/em\u003e. It is a generic word for Jewish holidays. It includes all but the High Holy Days of\u003cem\u003e Rosh Ha-Shanah\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eYom Kippur\u003c/em\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=690.0,720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/annotation_set/356/annotation/239","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRabbi Eliyahu Schusterman is the founder and director of the Chabad Intown congregation of Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=720.0,750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/annotation_set/356/annotation/240","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eChabad\u003c/em\u003e is a Hasidic movement in Orthodox Judaism. In Atlanta, Georgia, Congregation Beth Tefillah and \u003cem\u003eChabad\u003c/em\u003e Intown are affiliated with the movement. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=720.0,750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/annotation_set/356/annotation/241","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eDavening\u003c/em\u003e is the act of reciting Jewish liturgical prayers during which the prayer sways or rocks lightly. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=720.0,750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/annotation_set/356/annotation/242","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOn June 22, 1941, the Germans invaded the Soviet Union in a military campaign codenamed “Operation Barbarossa.” Mosty Wielkie was occupied on June 29, 1941.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=750.0,780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/annotation_set/356/annotation/243","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWhen the Germans occupied Mosty Wielkie in 1941, acts of plunder, brutality, and isolation against the Jewish population began immediately. By fall, they were confined to a ghetto that had been established. Every day, the men were taken to work at the Zawonie railway station – about 15 kilometers away from Mosty Wielkie. The women were taken to work at a nearby sawmill. The ghetto was not enclosed in the beginning. In the fall of 1942, the ghetto became a labor camp, was enclosed with barbed wire, and the men were separated from the women.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=840.0,870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/annotation_set/356/annotation/244","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHaskell may be referring to the brief period when the Germans occupied Mosty Wielkie in September 1939. According to other survivors of Mosty Wielkie, at that time, the Germans burned down many Jewish homes. The survivor’s accounts can be found in \u003cem\u003eMosty-Wielkie – Most Rabati, sefer zikaron\u003c/em\u003e (Mosty-Wielkie Memorial Book), Ed. Moshe Shtarkman, et al., Mosty Wielkie Societies in Israel and the United States, Published: Tel Aviv 1975-77 (H,Y, E 2 volumes). A digitized translation can be found at \u0026lt;\u003ca href=\"http://www.jewishgen.org/Yizkor/Velyki_Mosty/%20Velyki_Mosty.html\"\u003ehttp://www.jewishgen.org/Yizkor/Velyki_Mosty/ Velyki_Mosty.html\u003c/a\u003e\u0026gt;.  \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=870.0,900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/annotation_set/356/annotation/245","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIn October 1942, the Germans began thinning out the Mosty Wielkie ghetto’s population. Many of the elderly \u0026amp; children were sent to the nearby town of Sokal and then to the Belzec extermination camp.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=900.0,930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/annotation_set/356/annotation/246","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe exact details of the events Haskell is describing are unclear. It is known that the Germans and their Ukrainian auxiliaries rounded up between 1,100 and 2,000 Jews from Mosty Wielkie in February or March 1943. They were taken into the woods on the way to the nearby village of Borova, shot, and thrown into a mass grave that had been prepared. According to some survivors, the women were surrounded when they lined up for roll call at the local sawmill. When they realized what was happening, chaos ensued and many fled to the nearby woods. Some escaped and managed to survive in the woods by foraging potatoes. Others were shot while fleeing. Similar to Haskell’s recollection, another survivor recalls men, women, and children being mercilessly chased and killed in the ghetto.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=960.0,990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/annotation_set/356/annotation/247","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLime (calcium oxide) is a white powder often spread on bodies to reduce the odor from decomposition. It is a caustic, alkaline substance that can cause chemical burns when it comes into contact with moist skin.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=990.0,1020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/annotation_set/356/annotation/248","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Mosty Wielkie ghetto was completely liquidated on May 1, 1943. Around 300 or 400 surviving Jews—including Haskell and his parents—were sent to a labor camp in Rawa Ruska, a town located about 37 kilometers (23 miles) west of Mosty Wielkie.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=1080.0,1110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/annotation_set/356/annotation/249","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePotatoes are usually planted in early spring from seed potatoes—potatoes that have begun to sprout. Haskell’s family began hiding in the woods in June 1943. By then, the potato crop would have already been harvested and seed potatoes gathered for planting the next crop.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=1290.0,1320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/annotation_set/356/annotation/250","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe exact details of Haskell’s time in hiding alone are unclear. It is possible his father hid him with a local farmer when the rest of the family was first sent to the ghetto in the fall of 1941. Until the fall of 1942, the ghetto was left open and his father would have had been able to sneak back and forth to check on Haskell.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=1320.0,1350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/annotation_set/356/annotation/251","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIn Ukraine, as in German-occupied territories in Europe, anti-Semitism, nationalism, ethnic hatred, anti-Communism, and opportunism often induced collaboration with the Nazi regime. Such collaboration was a critical element in implementing the Final Solution and the mass murder of other groups whom the Nazi regime targeted. Collaborators committed some of the worst atrocities of the Holocaust era. Nationalists in the west of Ukraine were among the most enthusiastic, hoping that their efforts would enable them to establish an independent state later on.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=1410.0,1440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/annotation_set/356/annotation/252","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAt the end of World War II, Ukrainian nationalism and hopes for independence from all foreign occupation gave rise to resistance groups that waged guerrilla type attacks on Soviet forces. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=1530.0,1560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/annotation_set/356/annotation/253","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWhen Haskell refers to two camps, it is unclear if he is referencing the two sections of Mosty Wielkie or a separate ghetto that existed within Mosty Wielkie. It is possible his sisters were in the sub camp in Sielec Zawonie, where some of the women were sent in the fall of 1942.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=1590.0,1620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/annotation_set/356/annotation/254","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe exact details of Haskell’s arrival in the Mosty Wielkie ghetto are unclear. When Haskell’s father reconsidered hiding him with the local farmer, his sisters may have been able to sneak him into the ghetto unnoticed in one of the wagons that went back and forth to the sawmill everyday. In the beginning, it seems Haskell may have hidden under the bed while his family was working outside the ghetto during the day. When that became too dangerous, his father may have convinced the supervisor of the ghetto, Hauptmann Johann Kroupa, to let Haskell deliver water to the workers. Kroupa was in charge of the ghetto until February 1943. He was known to be friendly to the Jews and was rumored to have accepted bribes for work permits. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=1620.0,1650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/annotation_set/356/annotation/255","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHaskell is probably describing Rawa Ruska, which was burned down after it was liquidated in June 1943. One survivor recalled that a Pole, who was working at the same railway yard as her husband, warned her husband of the liquidation the day before it occurred. The couple ran away and joined others in the nearby woods. She recalls watching from the woods in a horrible storm and seeing the camp surrounded and burned down. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=1680.0,1710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/annotation_set/356/annotation/256","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHaskell seems to be describing a swampland. About 100 miles north of the area around Rawa Ruska is a geographic region known as Polesia that extends eastward through modern-day south Belarus and north Ukraine, and ends within Russia. On the western side between the Bug and Pripyat Rivers the region becomes very marshy. It is also one of the largest forest areas on the continent, making it a relatively ideal area to hide in. The Frostig family probably left Rawa Ruska in June 1943 and began hiding in that area.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=1860.0,1890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/annotation_set/356/annotation/257","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eShul\u003c/em\u003e is a Yiddish word for synagogue that is derived from a German word meaning \"school,\" and emphasizes the synagogue's role as a place of study. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=2250.0,2280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/annotation_set/356/annotation/258","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWhile there was an initial feeling of relief at the arrival of Russian forces in 1939 because it ended the brief but violent German occupation, the Jewish population of eastern Poland was negatively affected by Soviet policies that nationalized their businesses and disbanded their religious communities. In addition, the Russians arrested and deported many Jews and Poles they considered threats.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=2340.0,2370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/annotation_set/356/annotation/259","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHaskell seems to be referencing when around 20 Jews were locked in the Mosty Wielkie synagogue, which the Germans and Ukrainians then set on fire in June 1941. Some Jewish homes had also been burned down in 1939 when the Germans initially invaded the area. Following the 1943 liquidations of Mosty Wielkie and Rawa Ruska, Jewish homes in the ghettos were also burned down. Any survivors who returned after the war would have found the Jewish community almost completely destroyed.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=2430.0,2460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/annotation_set/356/annotation/260","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eErnest “Ernie” Pyle (1900-1945) was a well-known Pulitzer Prize winning American journalist. During World War II, he reported from the home front and from both the European and Pacific theaters. His columns ran in over 300 newspapers. He was killed in combat during the Battle of Okinawa in April 1945. Later that month, a Merchant Marine C-4 military-type cargo ship was named after him. After World War II, the SS Ernie Pyle was used to carry displaced persons (DPs) and refugees from Europe to the United States.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=2460.0,2490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/annotation_set/356/annotation/261","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eChallah\u003c/em\u003e is a loaf of yeast-risen egg bread traditionally eaten for the Jewish Sabbath or on special occasions. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=2520.0,2550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/annotation_set/356/annotation/262","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAfter years of malnutrition and starvation, survivors often faced a long and difficult road to recovery. Eating foods that were too rich or complex often resulted in sickness.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=2520.0,2550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/annotation_set/356/annotation/263","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eThe Jewish Morning Journal\u003c/em\u003e or \u003cem\u003eMorgen Journal\u003c/em\u003e was a Yiddish daily morning newspaper published out of New York City. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=2640.0,2670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/annotation_set/356/annotation/264","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePoland had suffered heavy losses—including extremely high civilian casualties and the massive destruction of cities and infrastructure—during World War II. When the Russian army advanced into Poland at the end of the war, the new Polish government became dominated by Soviet communism. Border and population shifts also dramatically altered Poland.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=2670.0,2700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/annotation_set/356/annotation/265","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDuring World War II and in the decades following it, Jewish gravestones, or \u003cem\u003ematzevot\u003c/em\u003e, were frequently removed from cemeteries and reused for a variety of purposes both in rural villages and in cities across Poland and Ukraine. After the Rawa Ruska labor camp was liquidated in June 1943, the ghetto was burned down and the Jewish cemetery was demolished. Only a few tombstones can still be seen today. In some places, including Rawa Ruska, efforts have been made to recover the gravestones in recent years. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=2760.0,2790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/annotation_set/356/annotation/266","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIn the fall of 1942, the ghetto of Mosty Wielkie was enclosed with barbed wire and turned into a labor camp. The men and women were separated within the ghetto.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=2940.0,2970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/annotation_set/356/annotation/267","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRawa Ruska is a town that formerly was in eastern Poland. Today it is part of the Ukraine. Haskell spells the name with a “v”, which is how the German “w” sounds in English. A ghetto was established in the spring of 1942. It was liquidated in December 1942 when approximately 1,500 Jews were shot to death and dumped into large pits by the Germans with the assistance of Ukrainians. After the Mosty Wielkie ghetto and camp had been liquidated in May 1943, about 300 or 400 survivors—including Haskell and his parents—were sent to Rawa Ruska as forced laborers and housed in the vacated homes of the former ghetto. The surviving Mosty Wielkie Jews were killed when the Rawa Ruska labor camp was liquidated in early June 1943.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=2970.0,3000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/annotation_set/356/annotation/268","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eKiev was the capital of the Soviet Ukraine when the Germans invaded the Soviet Union in June 1941. Over 160,000, or 20 percent, of the city’s population was Jewish. Nearly 100,000 Jews had fled Kiev by the time German forces entered the city on September 19, 1941. The 60,000 who remained were killed in a series of massacres carried out by the Germans and their auxiliaries over the next few months. The most notorious massacre began on September 29, 1941. Over the course of two days, 33,771 Jews were killed in a ravine near Kiev called “Babi Yar”, in what was one of the largest mass murders at an individual location during World War II.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=3090.0,3120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/annotation_set/356/annotation/269","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Battle of Stalingrad took place between July 1942 and February 1943. In brutally cold winter weather, the Soviets were able to successfully defend the city of Stalingrad. The battle is considered to be a turning point in the war in favor of the Allies. The battle was also one of the bloodiest in history, with both sides suffering tremendous casualties.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=3120.0,3150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/annotation_set/356/annotation/270","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe \u003cem\u003eJudenrat\u003c/em\u003e was a Jewish council set up by the Nazis within the Jewish communities of Nazi-occupied Europe. They were given the responsibility of implementing the Nazis' policies regarding the Jews, which included the confiscation of electronics like radios and valuable assets like watches or jewelry. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=3450.0,3480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/annotation_set/356/annotation/271","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIn October or November 1942, the Germans began thinning out the Mosty Wielkie ghetto population. Most of the Jews in the ghetto—especially the elderly and children—were relocated to the nearby towns of Sokal and Zolkiew, where they were subsequently killed or deported to the nearby Belzec extermination camp.  \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=3510.0,3540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/annotation_set/356/annotation/272","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePresident Paul von Hindenburg appointed Adolf Hitler Chancellor of Germany on January 30, 1933. Hitler and the Nazi party immediately began to persecute German Jews. Until the outbreak of war in 1939, German Jews felt the effects of more than 400 national and local decrees and regulations that restricted all aspects of their public and private lives. In August 1934, Hindenburg died and Hitler had declared himself \u003cem\u003eFührer\u003c/em\u003e—the leader of Germany. By the time Haskell’s family left Germany in 1936, the Nuremberg Laws had further disenfranchised Jews and the situation was rapidly declining. Between 1933 and fall 1938, German policy officially encouraged Jewish emigration and nearly 150,000 Jews—approximately 30 percent of the total Jewish population—managed to leave Germany, including the Frostig family. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=3750.0,3780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/annotation_set/356/annotation/273","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eYiddish is the common historical language of Ashkenazi Jews from Central and Eastern Europe. It is heavily Germanic based but uses the Hebrew alphabet. The language was spoken or understood as a common tongue for many European Jews up until the middle of the 20th century.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=3750.0,3780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/annotation_set/356/annotation/274","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAfter the war, Haskell and his parents left Poland. They were in Germany until they immigrated to the United States in 1947.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=3780.0,3810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/annotation_set/356/annotation/275","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWhen the war ended in Europe, millions of people were left uprooted and homeless. They were classified as displaced persons (DPs). Allied forces established temporary facilities known as Displaced Persons Camps (DP camps) in Austria, Italy, and Germany. Often, shelter was improvised and DPs found themselves housed in everything from former military barracks, summer camps and airports to castles, hotels and even private homes. In 1946 and 1947, the number of DPs in the camps rose substantially and conditions were often overcrowded and harsh. New organization and policies eventually took shape that substantially improved the DPs camps. Refugees were given some authority to manage their own affairs and some survivors began to establish new political and cultural lives. Eventually, DPs were repatriated to their home countries, reestablished themselves in new countries or immigrated outside of Europe. Most of the DP camps were closed by 1950.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=3870.0,3900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/annotation_set/356/annotation/276","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eUlm is a city in southwestern Germany on the Danube River. Immediately after World War II, it was in the American zone of Germany and housed a series of Displaced Persons camps.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=3900.0,3930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/annotation_set/356/annotation/277","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA concentration camp in Germany established on March 22, 1933, Dachau was originally a camp for political and criminal prisoners in need of punishment and rehabilitation to the proper German mindset. After Kristallnacht several thousand Jews were imprisoned there to make the point that they had no future in Germany. The conditions were harsh but got more so during the war when medical care was inadequate, prisoners were murdered by lethal injection and used as guinea pigs in medical experiments, or worked or starved to death. In the last year of the war, 78,635 prisoners were registered there, doubling and tripling the size of a camp that was already a nightmare of sickness, starvation and death. Toward the end of the war, it was the dumping place for thousands of prisoners, mostly Jews and prisoners-of-war, who were then marched from the east where they were left to die without food, water or housing. Disease and starvation from the overcrowding killed thousands of prisoners. The Americans liberated Dachau on April 29, 1945. They found thousands of corpses strewn around the grounds and thousands more dying.  \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=3960.0,3990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/annotation_set/356/annotation/278","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMahmoud Ahmadinejad was President of Iran from 2005 to 2013. During his presidency, Ahmadinejad was viewed as a controversial figure within Iran and internationally because of his economic policies, disregard for human rights, and his push for a nuclear program. He was also an outspoken opponent of the state of Israel. In an effort to antagonize Israel, Ahmadinejad frequently made contentious speeches and statements, including numerous claims that the Holocaust was a myth. In June 2009, Ahmadinejad was elected to his second term in office. Violent clashes broke out between police and groups protesting the results of the election. Protests continued at the time this interview was recorded.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=4020.0,4050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/annotation_set/356/annotation/279","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIn the United States, Social Security is a federal program funded through payroll taxes that provides income to retired and disabled citizens.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=4530.0,4560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/annotation_set/356/annotation/280","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eArmour \u0026amp; Company is an American meatpacking company that was founded in 1867.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=4710.0,4740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/annotation_set/356/annotation/281","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWhite Provision was a meatpacking company that opened in Atlanta in 1910. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=4710.0,4740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/annotation_set/356/annotation/282","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eKroger and Publix are two competing supermarket chains operating in the southeastern United States.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=4830.0,4860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/annotation_set/356/annotation/283","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAbe Kruger came to the United States in 1911 from Russia and owned a dry goods store in Fitzgerald, Georgia. He served as mayor pro tem in the 1960’s and was a leader of the local Jewish community.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=4860.0,4890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/annotation_set/356/annotation/284","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFitzgerald, Georgia is a small town located approximately 180 miles southeast of Atlanta.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=4920.0,4950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/annotation_set/356/annotation/285","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe \u003cem\u003echazzan\u003c/em\u003e (cantor) is the official in charge of music or chants and leads liturgical prayer and chanting in the synagogue. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=5130.0,5160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/annotation_set/356/annotation/286","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBoys’ High School was founded in 1924 and is now known as Henry W. Grady High School. It is part of the Atlanta Public School System. It has had many notable alumni, including S. Truett Cathy, the founder of Chick-fil-A. It is located in Midtown Atlanta.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=5130.0,5160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/annotation_set/356/annotation/287","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBass Junior High School was built in 1923 and served Atlanta’s Little Five Points. By 1948 it was a high school. The school was closed in 1990 and later converted to into loft apartments.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=5160.0,5190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/annotation_set/356/annotation/288","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLittle Five Points is a neighborhood on the east side of Atlanta, Georgia that earned its name from an intersection where five streets came together. Little Five Points is known around Atlanta as a center for alternative culture.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=5160.0,5190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/annotation_set/356/annotation/289","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eYontif\u003c/em\u003e is the Yiddish word; in Hebrew it is \u003cem\u003eyom tov\u003c/em\u003e. It is generic word for Jewish holidays. It includes all but the High Holy Days of \u003cem\u003eRosh Ha-Shanah\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eYom Kippur\u003c/em\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=5190.0,5220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/annotation_set/356/annotation/290","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eShabbat\u003c/em\u003e [Hebrew] or \u003cem\u003eShabbos\u003c/em\u003e [Yiddish] is the Jewish day of rest and is observed on Saturdays. \u003cem\u003eShabbat\u003c/em\u003e observance entails refraining from work activities, often with great rigor, and engaging in restful activities to honor the day. \u003cem\u003eShabbat\u003c/em\u003e begins at sundown on Friday night and is ushered in by lighting candles and reciting a blessing. It is closed the following evening with the recitation of the \u003cem\u003ehavdalah\u003c/em\u003e blessing. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=5220.0,5250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/annotation_set/356/annotation/291","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eChabad\u003c/em\u003e Intown is an Orthodox synagogue in Atlanta, Georgia founded in 1997 by Rabbi Eliyahu Schusterman.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=5220.0,5250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/annotation_set/356/annotation/292","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Jewish Educational Alliance (JEA) operated from 1910 to 1948 on Capitol Avenue in downtown Atlanta, on the site where the Atlanta Fulton County Stadium was later located. The JEA was once the hub of Jewish life in Atlanta. Families congregated there for social, educational, sports and cultural programs. The JEA ran camps and held classes to help some new residents learn to read and write English. For newcomers, it became a refuge, with programs to help them acclimate to a new home. The JEA stayed at that site until the late 1940s. In 1946, it evolved into the Atlanta Jewish Community Center and, in 1948, moved to Peachtree Street. It stayed there until 1998, when the building was sold and the center moved to Dunwoody. In 2000, it was renamed the Marcus Jewish Community Center of Atlanta.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=5280.0,5310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/annotation_set/356/annotation/293","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eUnderground Atlanta is a shopping and entertainment district in the Five Points district of Atlanta, Georgia. During the 1920's, construction of concrete viaducts intended to relieve traffic congestion in downtown Atlanta elevated the street system one level. Merchants moved their operations to the second floor of their buildings, leaving the old fronts for storage and service. As Atlanta continued to grow above the viaducts, the original street level was raised by one and a half stories, and a five-block area was completely covered up. The lower facades of historic buildings constructed during the city's post-Civil War Reconstruction Era boom remained relatively untouched until the area was rediscovered and opened as a tourist attraction in 1969.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=5310.0,5340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/annotation_set/356/annotation/294","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRabbi Emanuel Feldman was born in 1927 to a family of Orthodox Rabbis dating back more than seven generations. He is Rabbi Emeritus of Congregation Beth Jacob, where he accepted the pulpit in 1952. In 1991, his son, Rabbi Ilan Feldman, succeeded him.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=5370.0,5400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/annotation_set/356/annotation/295","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBeth Jacob is an Orthodox synagogue on Lavista Road in Atlanta founded in 1942 by former members of Ahavath Achim who were looking for a more Orthodox congregation. Beth Jacob is now Atlanta’s largest Orthodox congregation.  The first location was a converted house on Boulevard.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=5370.0,5400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/annotation_set/356/annotation/296","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWinn-Dixie Stores, Inc. is an American supermarket chain that operates in the southeastern United States.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=5460.0,5490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/annotation_set/356/annotation/297","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAhavath Achim was founded in 1887 in a small room on Gilmer Street. In 1920, they moved to a permanent building at the corner of Piedmont and Gilmer Street. Rabbi Abraham Hirmes was the first rabbi of the then Orthodox congregation. In 1928, Rabbi Harry Epstein became the rabbi and the congregation began to shift to Conservatism, which they joined in 1952. The synagogue is now on Peachtree Battle. Cantor Isaac Goodfriend, a Holocaust survivor, joined the congregation in 1966 and remained until his retirement. Rabbi Epstein retired in 1982, becoming Rabbi Emeritus and Rabbi Arnold Goodman assumed the rabbinic post.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=5490.0,5520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/annotation_set/356/annotation/298","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eRosh Ha-Shanah\u003c/em\u003e [Hebrew: head of the year, i.e. New Year festival] is the cycle of High Holidays begins with\u003cem\u003e Rosh Ha-Shanah\u003c/em\u003e.  It introduces the Ten Days of Penitence, when Jews examine their souls and take stock of their actions. On the tenth day is \u003cem\u003eYom Kippur\u003c/em\u003e, the Day of Atonement. The tradition is that on \u003cem\u003eRosh Ha-Shanah\u003c/em\u003e, God sits in judgment on humanity. Then the fate of every living creature is inscribed in the Book of Life or Death. These decisions may be revoked by prayer and repentance before the sealing of the books on \u003cem\u003eYom Kippur\u003c/em\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=5580.0,5610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/annotation_set/356/annotation/299","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eYom Kippur\u003c/em\u003e [Hebrew: Day of Atonement] is the most sacred day of the Jewish year. It is a 25 hour fast day. Most of the day is spent in prayer, reciting \u003cem\u003eyizkor\u003c/em\u003e for deceased relatives, confessing sins, requesting divine forgiveness, and listening to \u003cem\u003eTorah\u003c/em\u003e readings and sermons. People greet each other with the wish that they may be sealed in the heavenly book for a good year ahead. The day ends with the blowing of the \u003cem\u003eshofar\u003c/em\u003e (a ram’s horn). \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=5580.0,5610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/annotation_set/356/annotation/300","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe New World Club was a social club organized for young survivors and those who had fled Europe just before the war.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=5820.0,5850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/annotation_set/356/annotation/301","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Six-Day War, also called the June War or Third Arab-Israeli War, took place June 5–10, 1967. Israel’s victory included the capture of the Sinai Peninsula, Gaza Strip, West Bank, Old City of Jerusalem, and the Golan Heights. The status of these territories continues to be a point of contention in the Arab-Israeli relationship.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=6000.0,6030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/annotation_set/356/annotation/302","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePope Pius XII (1939-1958) was elected to the papacy just as World War II was beginning. The Vatican was officially neutral throughout the war—even under Benito Mussolini’s Fascist rule and while Rome was later occupied by Nazi Germany—yet the role of Pius XII and the Catholic Church during the Holocaust has been the subject of much critical and supportive literature.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=6060.0,6090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/annotation_set/356/annotation/303","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHugo Chávez (1954-2013) was the controversial leader of a leftist Socialist movement known as the “Bolivarian Revolution” and President of Venezuela from 1999 until his death in 2013. A few days prior to this interview, on December 16, 2009, Chavez gave a speech at the Copenhagen Climate Summit, where he blamed capitalism for the ecological plight of humanity.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=6330.0,6360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/annotation_set/356/annotation/304","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJeremiah Wright was the longtime pastor of President Barack Obama and his wife Michelle. In 2008, Wright gained national attention when the news media outlets and political commentators broadcast controversial excerpts from some of his sermons.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=6360.0,6390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/annotation_set/356/annotation/305","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRabbi Joseph I. Cohen (1896-1985) was born in Constantinople (Istanbul), Turkey.  He was trained for the rabbinate in Turkey and accepted his first pulpit in Havana, Cuba in 1920. In 1934 he moved to Atlanta, Georgia where he was installed as the rabbi of Congregation Or VeShalom, a Sephardic congregation. Rabbi Cohen officially retired in 1969, but remained active at both the synagogue and in the community until his death in 1985.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=6450.0,6480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/annotation_set/356/annotation/306","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRabbi Nathan Katz was born to a Chasidic rabbi in the Ukraine. He served as rabbi of Congregation Anshi S’fard from the 1950’s until his death in 1998.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=6450.0,6480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/annotation_set/356/annotation/307","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRabbi Harry Epstein became the rabbi of Ahavath Achim in 1928. Under Rabbi Harry Epstein, the congregation began to shift to Conservatism, which they joined in 1952. Rabbi Epstein retired in 1982, becoming Rabbi Emeritus.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=6480.0,6510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/annotation_set/356/annotation/308","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eBesmedrech\u003c/em\u003e is a Yiddish term that refers to a prayer house or study house, often found next to Orthodox synagogues in Eastern Europe, where members of the congregation study the \u003cem\u003eTorah\u003c/em\u003e.  \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=6570.0,6600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/annotation_set/356/annotation/309","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Jewish Federation of Greater Atlanta raises funds which are dispersed throughout the Jewish community.  Services also include caring for Jews in need locally and around the world, community outreach, leadership development, educational opportunities.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=6690.0,6720.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/index/47686","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Frostig, Haskell [Index]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/index/47686/annotation/310","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Early Life and the Haskell Family in Poland","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=7.0,205.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/index/47686/annotation/311","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Let's start with your name and when you were born. What was your original name? Spell your name please.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=7.0,205.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/index/47686/annotation/312","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Dora Lubin Frostig","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Germany","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Gittel Frostig","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Haskell Frostig","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lvov, Poland","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Meyer Frostig","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Poland","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rivka Frostig","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=7.0,205.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/index/47686/annotation/313","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hiding and Surviving With His Family ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=205.0,500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/index/47686/annotation/314","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's the kind of character . . . that's the kind of person he was . . . so good to everybody. That's how we survived--because of the goodness. We had at least ten families that we went around every two or three weeks, from one place to the other to hide because the people who were saving us, they were afraid they might get in trouble. They came in at night, \"Please go. I'm afraid.\" We went to another family and another family.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=205.0,500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/index/47686/annotation/315","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Dora Lubin Frostig","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hiding","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Meyer Frostig","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Potatoes","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Russian Soldiers","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Surviving","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=205.0,500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/index/47686/annotation/316","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Returning to Their Home and Receiving an Affidavit to America","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=500.0,572.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/index/47686/annotation/317","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The next morning, we just left the place and went to the town where we were before. How anybody survived? There were some people who survived and who said, \"I'm afraid. I'm going back to the place where I came from because I'm afraid to stay here. Someone's gonna kill me.\" Those kinds of people were maybe out of their minds already. We knew that my father had sisters and brothers in Georgia . . . America.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=500.0,572.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/index/47686/annotation/318","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Affidavit of Support and Sponsorship","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Atlanta, Georgia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Poland","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Surviving","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"United States of America","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=500.0,572.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/index/47686/annotation/319","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Life Before World War II","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=572.0,845.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/index/47686/annotation/320","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Let's go back a little. What were your memories before the war . . . when you were six, seven, eight . . . when things were still normal? What was normal life like in your town?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=572.0,845.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/index/47686/annotation/321","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Cantor","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Christian Prayers","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Congregation Anshi S'fard","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Dora Lubin  Frostig","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish-Christian Relations","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Memories","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Meyer Frostig","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Passover","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Religious Family","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"School","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"World War II","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yontif","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=572.0,845.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/index/47686/annotation/322","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Frostig Family Moved in a Ghetto and Surviving Being Taken","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=845.0,1123.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/index/47686/annotation/323","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Let me tell you something else. When the Germans came in, they took everybody from the town. They took them out to put them in another section. They kind of tried together . . . altogether instead of it being a house here and a house there. They put in a section . . .","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=845.0,1123.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/index/47686/annotation/324","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Burning Homes","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"German Soldiers","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ghetto","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Meyer Frostig","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Mostly Wielkie Ghetto","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Surviving","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=845.0,1123.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/index/47686/annotation/325","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Surviving Because of His Father's Goodness","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=1123.0,1320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/index/47686/annotation/326","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In the beginning, they took them separately . . . maybe they had a name, I don't know. Everybody was in business for himself in Europe. The life was all right before the war because my father was a businessman. He went out to different places to buy things, sell it. That's how we survived. That was a good thing because of that goodness that my father did to the people. They knew that.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=1123.0,1320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/index/47686/annotation/327","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Food","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hiding","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Meyer Frostig","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Potatoes","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Surviving","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"World War II","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=1123.0,1320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/index/47686/annotation/328","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Escaping the Ghetto and Hiding","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=1320.0,1577.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/index/47686/annotation/329","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When did you leave the ghetto to go into the woods, and why?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=1320.0,1577.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/index/47686/annotation/330","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ghetto Liquidation","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hiding","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Meyer Frostig","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Mosty Wielkie Ghetto","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Russian Soldiers","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=1320.0,1577.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/index/47686/annotation/331","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The Frostig Family in Concentration Camps","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=1577.0,1700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/index/47686/annotation/332","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"How was your mother and sisters during that period? What can you say about them?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=1577.0,1700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/index/47686/annotation/333","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Concentration Camp","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Dora Lubin Frostig","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Gittel Frostig","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Meyer Frostig","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rivka Frostig","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=1577.0,1700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/index/47686/annotation/334","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Escaping the Concentration Camp, Hiding in the Woods, and Getting Help","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=1700.0,2131.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/index/47686/annotation/335","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They talked about, \"Please, run away because the Germans already liquidated that camp. They're coming this way. They're gonna kill us, kill you, too.\" Everybody took off to the woods. Where else can you go? But there's some people from different  countries. How far can you go? You got to eat . . . you got to something . . . I imagine they all got caught and shot, but we were lucky because we were . . . my father knew the neighborhood.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=1700.0,2131.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/index/47686/annotation/336","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Concentration Camp","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"German Soldiers","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Help","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hiding","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hiding in Woods","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Liquidation","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=1700.0,2131.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/index/47686/annotation/337","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Life When Haskell Was a Teenager","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=2131.0,2302.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/index/47686/annotation/338","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Can you describe yourself as a young man, as a teenager? 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From Germany . . . everybody came to Germany to go overseas if they wanted. The ship came in . . . I remember that . . . about 900 people at that time. 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What did it all mean to you?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=3656.0,3786.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/index/47686/annotation/372","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Cantor","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish Holidays","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish Life","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Synagogue","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=3656.0,3786.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/index/47686/annotation/373","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Going to School in America","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=3786.0,3889.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/index/47686/annotation/374","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When I went to school here, the teachers were very surprised of me, how good I am a student. I was learning English in Europe . . . in Germany after the war . . . As a matter of fact, a German teacher, he taught me English. He said to me, \"Once you go to America, in six weeks you're gonna speak English just like that.\" I knew some English already in Germany. When I came over here, I went to high school.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=3786.0,3889.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/index/47686/annotation/375","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Europe","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"German Teacher","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"High School","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Learning English","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"United States of America","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=3786.0,3889.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/index/47686/annotation/376","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In a Displaced Persons Camp in Europe","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=3889.0,3970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/index/47686/annotation/377","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Were you in some kind of DP camp in Europe before coming here?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=3889.0,3970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/index/47686/annotation/378","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Displaced Persons Camp","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"DP Camp","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Holocaust Survivors","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ulm, Germany","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=3889.0,3970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/index/47686/annotation/379","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Interactions with German Civilians After the War and Helping Jewish People","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=3970.0,4077.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/index/47686/annotation/380","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Do you have any interactions with Germans after the war--just the regular people? I'm wondering what their attitude was about things.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=3970.0,4077.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/index/47686/annotation/381","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Dachau Concentration Camp","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"German Civilians","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Tehran, Iran","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"United States of America","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=3970.0,4077.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/index/47686/annotation/382","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Working in Atlanta, the Frostig Relatives, and Jewish Relations","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=4077.0,4450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/index/47686/annotation/383","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Let's go into the American half of your life now, or more than half. What were your impressions of Atlanta in 1946? What was the city like in those days?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=4077.0,4450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/index/47686/annotation/384","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Affidavit of Support and Sponsorship","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Atlanta, Georgia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Bakery","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Frostig Family","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Immigrants","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish Relations","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"New York","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"News Stand","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"United States of America","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Working","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"World War I","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=4077.0,4450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/index/47686/annotation/385","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The Frostig Supermarket","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=4450.0,4548.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/index/47686/annotation/386","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He went to talk to the person, Jewish person, delicatessen. Nothing doing. The person said to my father, \"I'll tell you what. I'm gonna loan you $1,000.\" We already saved maybe a few hundred dollars. He says, \"You'll go into business.\" He buys up a grocery store. He didn't want anything. He didn't care if we were not able to pay him back. He was a rich man. I think he was a rich man. But a rich man and a poor man, you gotta have character. He loaned us the money and we went into business.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=4450.0,4548.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/index/47686/annotation/387","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Atlanta, Geogria","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Dekalb County","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Delicatessen","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Frostig Supermarket","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Grocery Business","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=4450.0,4548.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/index/47686/annotation/388","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Relations with Local Jewish People","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=4548.0,4843.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/index/47686/annotation/389","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm curious. The locals--especially the Jews--they didn't have a sense like they maybe owed the survivors anything--like being grateful that you all came over? Nothing like that?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=4548.0,4843.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/index/47686/annotation/390","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Adolf Hitler","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Anti-Semitism","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Armour and Company","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Frostig Supermarket","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Grocery Business","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jealousy","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Local Jewish People","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"White Provision","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=4548.0,4843.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/index/47686/annotation/391","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Meeting and Starting a Life with Adolfa Kruger","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=4843.0,5098.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/index/47686/annotation/392","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Tell us about when you met your wife and what the early days of marriage and family were like.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=4843.0,5098.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/index/47686/annotation/393","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Abe Kruger","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Adolfa Kruger Frostig","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Atlanta, Georgia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Fitzgerald, Georgia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"World War I","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=4843.0,5098.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/index/47686/annotation/394","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Going to High School in Georgia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=5098.0,5237.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/index/47686/annotation/395","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Could you go back just a second? We forgot to ask you about when you came here. You started high school?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=5098.0,5237.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/index/47686/annotation/396","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Bass High School","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Davening","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"High School","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hoch-Schmidt High School","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=5098.0,5237.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/index/47686/annotation/397","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Holocaust Survivor Community in Atlanta","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=5237.0,5352.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/index/47686/annotation/398","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"How many other survivors were here in Atlanta during those days? That you knew?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=5237.0,5352.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/index/47686/annotation/399","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Atlanta, Georgia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Capital Avenue","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Holocaust Survivors","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish Community Center","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=5237.0,5352.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/index/47686/annotation/400","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Affects of the War and Working on Saturdays","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=5352.0,5514.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/index/47686/annotation/401","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Even if you didn't really talk about it or have time to think about it, how did that whole war experience affect you do you suppose? How are you different than a regular immigrant who didn't go through any of that?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=5352.0,5514.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/index/47686/annotation/402","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Congregation Anshi S'fard","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Congregation Beth Jacob","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Immigrant","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rabbi Emanuel Feldman","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"War 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Chazzan","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=5514.0,5637.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/index/47686/annotation/404","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm kind of curious how you ended up in Anshi S'fard rather than Ahavath Achim.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=5514.0,5637.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/index/47686/annotation/405","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ahavath Achim 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Stronger, weaker, different, or anything?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=5731.0,5800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/index/47686/annotation/411","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Europe","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Israel","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Judaism","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"United States of America","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Working","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=5731.0,5800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/index/47686/annotation/412","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Haskell's Early Friends","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=5800.0,5873.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/index/47686/annotation/413","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Who are your friends? Who were your friends who were survivors? Who did you hang out with?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=5800.0,5873.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/index/47686/annotation/414","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Friends","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Holocaust Survivors","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"New World Club","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Synagogue","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=5800.0,5873.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/index/47686/annotation/415","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Thinking About the Past and Future","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=5873.0,5990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/index/47686/annotation/416","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now that you're in the retirement phase of your life and you do have time, do you think more about the past?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=5873.0,5990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/index/47686/annotation/417","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Future","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Iran","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Israel","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish Relations","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Past","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Retirement","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=5873.0,5990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/index/47686/annotation/418","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"How Haskell Would Solve the Problems in Israel","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=5990.0,6156.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/index/47686/annotation/419","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If you were the leader of Israel, what would you do to try to solve the complex situation there? Or is it solvable even?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=5990.0,6156.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/index/47686/annotation/420","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Arab Countries","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Arab People","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Israel","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish People","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Pope Pius XII","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Six Day War","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"World War II","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=5990.0,6156.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/index/47686/annotation/421","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Message to the Future","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=6156.0,6235.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/index/47686/annotation/422","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Some of your other descendants--if you have grandkids someday and great-grandkids--if they see this, what would you want them to know about you? What message would you have to share a hundred years from now?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=6156.0,6235.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/index/47686/annotation/423","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Future Message","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish People","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=6156.0,6235.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/index/47686/annotation/424","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Anti-Jewish Attitudes","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=6235.0,6306.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/index/47686/annotation/425","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Why do you suppose there is a bit of an anti-Jewish attitude? . . . You made some remarks that, even here, a lot of people aren't that fond of Jews. Why do you suppose that is?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=6235.0,6306.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/index/47686/annotation/426","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Anti-Jewish Attitudes","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Europe","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hate","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=6235.0,6306.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/index/47686/annotation/427","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The World Hasn't Learned and Flaws with the American Government","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=6306.0,6452.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/index/47686/annotation/428","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Right. When you think of those years, do you have some feeling or something that comes into your mind? What's the first thing that you think about when you think about those years?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=6306.0,6452.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/index/47686/annotation/429","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Europe","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hugo Chavez","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"President George Bush","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"South America","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=6306.0,6452.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/index/47686/annotation/430","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rabbi Katz and Congregation Anshi S'fard","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=6452.0,6572.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/index/47686/annotation/431","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Let me ask you one really quick question. Since we're sitting here, was it Rabbi Cohen who was in Anshi S'fard during the years when . . . who's the rabbi there?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=6452.0,6572.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/index/47686/annotation/432","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Congregation Anshi S'fard","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Member Dues","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rabbi Harry Epstein","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rabbi Joseph Cohen","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rabbi Nathan Katz","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=6452.0,6572.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/index/47686/annotation/433","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Differences Between European and American Jewish Communities","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=6572.0,6815.809"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/index/47686/annotation/434","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What were the differences between the Jewish community here in that shul when you came here and what you were used to in Europe? Did people talk to you at all about . . .","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=6572.0,6815.809"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493/index/47686/annotation/435","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Europe","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish Community","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"United States of America","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35993/file/105493#t=6572.0,6815.809"}]}]}]}