{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/br8mc8sk3w/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Bunzl, Frances Hamburger (2001)"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["2001-03-22 (created)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Agent"]},"value":{"en":["Bunzl, Frances Hamburger (Interviewee)","Berman, Sandra (Interviewer)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Language"]},"value":{"en":["English (primary)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["video"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source"]},"value":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum","Esther and Herbert Taylor Oral History Collection"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eFrances Bunzl was interviewed by Sandy Berman for the Legacy Project on March 22, 2001 in Atlanta, Georgia. \u003c/p\u003e (general)","\u003cp\u003eFrances Hamburger Bunzl was born on March 22, 1920, and grew up in Wiesbaden, Germany with her parents and younger brother, Carl. Her family was well-to-do, and her parents, Anna Kahn and Arthur Abraham Hamburger, were very active in the Jewish community, especially her mother. In her late teens, Frances left Germany, first for England, then for the United States in 1940. Her brother had left before her, settling in Elberton, Georgia. After each of the children had struck out on their own, Bunzl’s mother, father, and maternal grandmother also immigrated to the United States. In the United States, the women of the family all continued to have impressive service careers. Frances was president of the Atlanta chapter of the National Council of Jewish Women from 1963 to 1967 and during her tenure the national convention was held in Atlanta. The Association of Fundraising Professionals Atlanta honored her as the 2009 Philanthropist of the Year.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eFrances married Walter H. Bunzl, an Austrian immigrant, in 1941. The two had two children together, Richard and Suzanne (or Suzy). Frances and Walter Bunzl were among founding members of Temple Sinai in 1968. The Bunzl’s also started a travel agency, Bunzl Tours, where the couple worked together. Soon after selling the company, Walter Bunzl passed away. Frances Bunzl passed away on August 15, 2019, at the age of 99.\u003c/p\u003e (bioghist)","\u003cp\u003eFrances Bunzl begins by discussing her memories of living in Germany before immigrating to the United States after Kristallnacht. She reflects on the Jewish community and life in Wiesbaden and briefly mentions having seen the Judische Kulturbund. She walks through the timeline of working as an au pair in England and as a lab technician in Frankfurt, Germany, before immigrating. She discusses her first years in New York City and being influenced to move to Elberton, Georgia with her family. She recalls meeting her husband and his family’s lives in and immigration from Vienna, Austria, as well as their family histories in Central and Eastern Europe. She discusses her involvement with the National Council of Jewish Women. She finishes by briefly touching on civil rights, the importance of Holocaust education, and feeling assimilated into American society.\u003c/p\u003e (scope content)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source Metadata URI"]},"value":{"en":["https://archivesspace.thebreman.org/repositories/2/archival_objects/29110"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject"]},"value":{"en":["Bunzl, Frances Hamburger, 1920-2019 (personal name)","Bunzl, Walter H., 1913-1988 (personal name)","Hamburger, Abraham Arthur (personal name)","Hamburger, Anna Kahn (personal name)","Bunzl, Nellie Burian, 1889-1980 (personal name)","Bunzl, Robert Max, 1883-1977 (personal name)","Spielberg, Gisela Meyer, 1926-2018 (personal name)","Meyer, Liselotte Kallman, 1904-1966 (personal name)","Heyman, Josephine Joel, 1901-1933 (personal name)","National Council of Jewish Women (corporate name)","High Museum of Art (corporate name)","Jüdischer Kulturbund (Jewish Cultural Federation) (corporate name)","Café Éclair (New York City, New York) (corporate name)","Atlanta, Georgia (geographic term)","Elberton, Georgia (geographic term)","Wiesbaden, Germany (geographic term)","Frankfurt, Germany (geographic term)","Theresienstadt (Concentration camp) (geographic term)","Vienna, Austria (geographic term)","World War II, 1939-1945 (named event)","Kristallnacht (named event)","Ballyhoo (named event)","Emigration and immigration (topical term)","Jewish property--Germany (topical term)","Holocaust survivors (topical term)","Nuremburg Laws (topical term)"]}}],"summary":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eFrances Bunzl was interviewed by Sandy Berman for the Legacy Project on March 22, 2001 in Atlanta, Georgia.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrances Hamburger Bunzl was born on March 22, 1920, and grew up in Wiesbaden, Germany with her parents and younger brother, Carl. Her family was well-to-do, and her parents, Anna Kahn and Arthur Abraham Hamburger, were very active in the Jewish community, especially her mother. In her late teens, Frances left Germany, first for England, then for the United States in 1940. Her brother had left before her, settling in Elberton, Georgia. After each of the children had struck out on their own, Bunzl\u0026rsquo;s mother, father, and maternal grandmother also immigrated to the United States. In the United States, the women of the family all continued to have impressive service careers. Frances was president of the Atlanta chapter of the National Council of Jewish Women from 1963 to 1967 and during her tenure the national convention was held in Atlanta. The Association of Fundraising Professionals Atlanta honored her as the 2009 Philanthropist of the Year.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eFrances married Walter H. Bunzl, an Austrian immigrant, in 1941. The two had two children together, Richard and Suzanne (or Suzy). Frances and Walter Bunzl were among founding members of Temple Sinai in 1968. The Bunzl\u0026rsquo;s also started a travel agency, Bunzl Tours, where the couple worked together. Soon after selling the company, Walter Bunzl passed away. Frances Bunzl passed away on August 15, 2019, at the age of 99.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrances Bunzl begins by discussing her memories of living in Germany before immigrating to the United States after Kristallnacht. She reflects on the Jewish community and life in Wiesbaden and briefly mentions having seen the Judische Kulturbund. She walks through the timeline of working as an au pair in England and as a lab technician in Frankfurt, Germany, before immigrating. She discusses her first years in New York City and being influenced to move to Elberton, Georgia with her family. She recalls meeting her husband and his family\u0026rsquo;s lives in and immigration from Vienna, Austria, as well as their family histories in Central and Eastern Europe. She discusses her involvement with the National Council of Jewish Women. She finishes by briefly touching on civil rights, the importance of Holocaust education, and feeling assimilated into American society.\u003c/p\u003e"]},"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/188/693/small/Bunzl_Frances.m4v_1685284707.jpg?1685284708","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - Bunzl_Frances.m4v"]},"duration":2929.427,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/188/693/small/Bunzl_Frances.m4v_1685284707.jpg?1685284708","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-thebreman.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/188/693/original/Bunzl_Frances.m4v?1685284702","type":"Video","format":"video/mp4","duration":2929.427,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693/transcript/43811","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Frances Bunzl [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693/transcript/43811/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: It is March 22, and we were in the home of Frances Bunzl, and she's\nbeing interviewed for the Legacy Project of the William Bremen Jewish Heritage\nMuseum. I'd like to begin by just asking you to recount a little bit of your\nearly life in Germany. The names of your parents, your siblings, what your\nfather did for a living, and just some of your earliest memories of life in Germany.\n\nBUNZL: Okay. My father's name ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693/transcript/43811/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was Arthur Hamburger, actually Abraham, as I\nmentioned before. But he went under Arthur Hamburger. My mother was Anna, maiden\nname Kahn. We lived in Wiesbaden, Germany. My father had a furniture business.\nMy mother was a trained social worker, but she didn't work, only for what is\nequivalent to the Council of Jewish Women. Jewish charity ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693/transcript/43811/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"work, that's what she\ndid. I was born on March 22, 1920, and went to public school and finished,\nactually not quite [finished] high school. I went until I was 16 and I couldn't\ngo any further and then went to a children's convalescent home in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693#t=60.0,90.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693/transcript/43811/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Taunus\nMountains for three months to learn how to cook and take care of children and be\naway from home. And then in the winter of that year, was home and my mother sent\nme to sewing schools. I learned how to sew because she thought I was inadequate\nin female things. And then in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693#t=90.0,120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693/transcript/43811/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Summer 1937, I went for three months to England as\nan au pair, which was horrible, and came back to Germany in September and then\nwent to Frankfurt to the German Jewish Hospital on the Gagernstrasse to learn to\nbe a lab technician. Stayed there through the Kristallnacht until January when I\nwent back to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693#t=120.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693/transcript/43811/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"England and went as a maid and came back to the United States in\n1940. That is in the nutshell. I also have a brother, Carl Hamburger, who lives\nat this point in Albany, Georgia. He had much more to suffer in school than I\ndid. He left school after the eighth grade and went to as an apprentice as a\nplumber. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693#t=150.0,180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693/transcript/43811/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Right now, he has a booming plumbing business in Albany, Georgia. He\nwent to high school in Elberton, Georgia, went to the war, and went to, got two\ndegrees at the University of Georgia as a GI, and had different other business.\nBut he ended up what he learned in Germany, being a plumber. So that's short.\n\nBERMAN: What ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693#t=180.0,210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693/transcript/43811/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"happened . . . what was the community like in Wiesbaden? The Jewish\ncommunity like?\n\nBUNZL: Actually, pretty small. I mean, actually we had two congregations. One\nwas the official one and then was the Orthodox one, which actually came from\nFrankfurt. By the way, they were relatives of my mother. Samson Raphael Hirsch\ncongregation. They were Orthodox. This synagogue they used is still ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693#t=210.0,240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693/transcript/43811/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"standing\nbecause it was between two houses, and they couldn't burn it or they would have\nburned the houses. I belonged to, we belonged to another which was called a\nliberal. We had an organ in the synagogue. The service was in Hebrew, but we had\na choir. It was not as reformed as it is here but was pretty reformed. We did\nnot have a kosher ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693#t=240.0,270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693/transcript/43811/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"household, I have to admit that. But actually, we were a\npretty Jewish community, and we also were the integrated part in the community\nsince both my parents were born in Wiesbaden and one of my grandfathers came\nfrom near, in the town nearby. They had a lot of school friends, which they\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693#t=270.0,300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693/transcript/43811/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"stayed in contact with until they died. Through the war, I mean, through the war\nthey couldn't, but before the war and after the war. It was not that we were as\nsegregated and hated as some other places, but my close friends of my parents,\nwere all Jewish, just like here.\n\nBERMAN: And ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693#t=300.0,330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693/transcript/43811/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what happened to the family on Kristallnacht?\n\nBUNZL: My family? My brother left right after the Kristallnacht. He had already\nhis American visa. I left three months later in January. My parents left Germany\nonly in 1941. They were about the last ones to get out. And they ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693#t=330.0,360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693/transcript/43811/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"went off with a\nlot of rigamarole. It was my father, my mother, my grandmother, and my father's\nunmarried sister. They went first to Berlin and then they were in a sealed car\nand went to Spain and waited for a ship and then they finally got on a ship and\nthe ship had a turbine broken and they were in dry dock in Portugal for a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693#t=360.0,390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693/transcript/43811/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"few\nweeks. When they came over to Cuba, a lot of people on the ship had typhus and\nquite a few died. My parents stayed in Cuba for a few weeks and then then my\nfather and his harem arrived in the United States in May of 191.\n\nBERMAN: Was he arrested on Kristallnacht?\n\nBUNZL: He was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693#t=390.0,420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693/transcript/43811/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"arrested but released right away because a jailer knew him. Maybe\nit was one of his school buddies and said to him, \"Mr. Hamburger, you just came\nout of the hospital. You go home now.\" The thing was, the people who were\narrested and did all the damage in Wiesbaden were not from Wiesbaden, they were\nshipped in from somewhere else. So, nobody actually ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693#t=420.0,450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693/transcript/43811/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who did the plundering and\neverything was from the town itself.\n\nBERMAN: Your parents didn't leave until 1941, but they were made sure that their\nchildren left earlier.\n\nBUNZL: Came, especially the son.\n\nBERMAN: Why do you think they had the foresight to have their children leave,\nbut did not feel it was necessary for themselves to leave that early?\n\nBUNZL: They knew that there ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693#t=450.0,480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693/transcript/43811/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was no future for us children. My parents were\npretty well off and they had enough to live on for the rest of their life if\nthey would live quietly. And they only started getting out when it was really\ngetting bad.\n\nBERMAN: You mentioned earlier, just as a side comment, that you had heard the\nKulturbund, the symphony. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693#t=480.0,510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693/transcript/43811/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Can you tell me a little about that?\n\nBUNZL: I tell you what it was. It was a . . . you know, after Hitler came into\npower, of course, the Jews couldn't go to regular [indistinct 00:08:40, possibly\n'concert]'. There was an organization which promoted cultural [indistinct\n00:08:47, possibly 'and sports'] for the Jews and they traveled to . . . The\nconcerts, you know, the concert traveled around like here too, as long as they\ncould. That was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693#t=510.0,540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693/transcript/43811/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in 1934, 1935, 1936 and 1937. Then it, of course, it was the end\nof it. I also I went to sports activity with that, but never with other\nchildren. Not with the . . . I mean, I went to the regular school, but, you\nknow, my close friends, were not Christians ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693#t=540.0,570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693/transcript/43811/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"anymore. I was the only Jewish child\nin my class. But I still am in contact also with the girls I went to school\n[with]. I mean, there are only three or four alive now and they have a reunion\nevery May. I always write, I have never been to one.\n\nBERMAN: Do you think you might like to go to one?\n\nBUNZL: I was once, but it was not the regular reunion ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693#t=570.0,600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693/transcript/43811/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"time. You know, you have\nheard all the towns invite the people back. I went back and met that one girl\nwith whom I was in contact. She invited some of the other girls. We are servants\nand I know they all bake cakes, and they were lousy cooks, but they all had\ndoctor degrees. I mean, they were physicians and lawyers. They were prominent\npeople, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693#t=600.0,630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693/transcript/43811/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but there were only five or six.\n\nBERMAN: How did it feel to go back to Wiesbaden after . . . to visit there?\n\nBUNZL: A little bit apprehensive, but not as much. I mean, I was too, as I said\nonce before, when the whole thing started, I was so very young that it was\nautomatically I didn't ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693#t=630.0,660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693/transcript/43811/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"know any better. Put it this way. That's so. Of course, I\nvisited the house where we lived in, the schools, and I took my children over\nthere. We went to the cemetery, and I showed them where my where my\ngrandparents, my father's parents, were buried and my grandfather [on] my\nmother's side. My grandmother is buried in New York somewhere. Just that they\nknew the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693#t=660.0,690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693/transcript/43811/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"roots.\n\nBERMAN: Did your parents ever go back?\n\nBUNZL: No.\n\nBERMAN: And did your . . . how did your children feel about visiting Germany?\n\nBUNZL: I mean, my children . . . For them, it was a trip. I took the children .\n. . They went the first time to Vienna [Austria], when my mother-in-law had her\n90th birthday. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693#t=690.0,720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693/transcript/43811/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But see, my in-laws used to live in Atlanta and then moved back\nto Vienna because they couldn't get the help they needed. They both died in\nVienna. My father-in-law was dead at that time. I went with the children first\nto Wiesbaden, to show them where I was born and lived and things. Then we went\nto Vienna and my husband came over for his mother's birthday ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693#t=720.0,750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693/transcript/43811/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and he showed them\nwhere he went to school. And you know, the things.\n\nBERMAN: Getting back to when you first left Germany, you went to . . .\n\nBUNZL: England.\n\nBERMAN: England. If you can give us a chronology, then, of getting to England.\n\nBUNZL: And here.\n\nBERMAN: What you did there and then coming to the United States and meeting your\nhusband and your early life here.\n\nBUNZL: As I left in January, I don't know what day, if it was the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693#t=750.0,780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693/transcript/43811/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"17th, and went\nto England and went as a so called maid. I was an au pair, but I was a maid,\ncompletely a maid. It was with some Jewish people who were real awful. They took\nadvantage of me. Relatives from Switzerland were supposed to send me an\nallowance and they ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693#t=780.0,810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693/transcript/43811/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"pocketed the allowance. I had to work and take care of two\nchildren. It was in the north of London. Then the war broke out and the woman\nwent to do something of defense work. I had the whole house went and . . . by\nthe way, a kosher household. That's the first time I had a kosher household. But\nI ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693#t=810.0,840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693/transcript/43811/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"managed fine. Then in December, the beginning of December, I was getting my\nAmerican visa. The woman, I told her I was going to leave, I had my American\nvisa. She threw a book at me. That type of person. I left London in the\nblackout, a day before Christmas, two days before Christmas. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693#t=840.0,870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693/transcript/43811/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We didn't . . . we\nhad to meet, there were several people, we had to meet at a certain place, and\nwe were going to a port. They didn't tell us which port. My relatives from\nAmerica paid Cunard Line for the passage because I didn't have any money. We\nended up in Liverpool, we went on the ship. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693#t=870.0,900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693/transcript/43811/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That was the same ship with the\nhorses of Aga Khan was on. We had a very stormy trip to the States. First of\nall, we had to go zigzag and blacked out. We finally arrived in New York on\nJanuary 4, 1940, and I couldn't get off the ship for the simple ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693#t=900.0,930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693/transcript/43811/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"reason [that]\nthere was a law at that time, which came from the . . .was based on the Irish\nimmigrants, that no female under 21 could immigrate unless met by relatives\nbecause there was that law. So, we got finally ahold of my uncle. There was a\nwoman from Council, and he came to pick me up just before they were going to\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693#t=930.0,960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693/transcript/43811/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ship me to Ellis Island. So, I never went to Ellis Island. That's how I arrived.\nI stayed with my uncle for a week and then I took a position again as a maid\nbecause I had to make a living. It was a sleep-in position. And while I was\nthere, I took courses in [indistinct] massage because what I learned in Germany,\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693#t=960.0,990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693/transcript/43811/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it wasn't good here because I didn't have a college degree. Even so, I knew just\nas much as those people, but you needed college. Then after I spent as a maid\nfor about two months, I went [to] one of those juicing farms, I don't know if\nthey still exist, upstate New York, and stayed there all summer. Then I went to\nNew ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693#t=990.0,1020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693/transcript/43811/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"York and went to another thing in Connecticut for another six months. Then I\nwent to New York and that was 1941 and worked for some people who worked on the\nfirst farm, who had now a studio in New York. I had a ball at that time in New\nYork. I was 21 at that point, and I lived in an ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693#t=1020.0,1050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693/transcript/43811/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"apartment on corner [of]\nBroadway and 72nd Street, which was Russian emigre from the [indistinct] Jewish.\nI don't know if she was Jewish or not. I had an apartment, rented it out with\nkitchen use. I worked on 14th Street, that I remember. Every night a group of us\nyoung people met at the Café Éclair, which I'm sure it ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693#t=1050.0,1080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693/transcript/43811/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was a typical\nGerman-Jewish cafe and we stayed there. Then my parents came and my brother, who\nwas already in Georgia, in Elberton, Georgia, wanted the family to come down. My\nmother said she's not going to stay in New York. She wanted to get out. So, they\nwent down after two or three weeks in New York. Then my mother came up [at the]\nend of August or something and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693#t=1080.0,1110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693/transcript/43811/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"got me down to Elberton, Georgia, and said she\nwanted the family to be together again. So, I came to Elberton, didn't do\nanything. I hated that place. I'm living in New York and coming to Elberton,\nGeorgia. I mean, in the sticks. I know we lived across the street from the\nGoodman's and my brother worked at Patsa's [sp] but stayed with us. After six\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693#t=1110.0,1140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693/transcript/43811/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"weeks, I had enough, and I went to what's now the Federation and talked to Mrs.\nWhile [sp] and I said I got my job through the paper, and she put me in touch\nfor a room with the Baumgarten's. I don't know if that name is familiar with\nthem. The husband had died, and they had a house and they had a girl my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693#t=1140.0,1170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693/transcript/43811/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"age. So,\nwe moved, I moved there, and she was friends with the Durnbach's [sp]. I don't\nknow if that name is familiar with you. Elias is the name. They had a party at\nmy mother-in-law's house that Sunday, and she took me there, and that's where I\nmet my husband. We were married three months later.\n\nBERMAN: That's a wonderful story.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693#t=1170.0,1200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693/transcript/43811/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BUNZL: The first thing I have to say, what I noticed about my husband was he was\nstanding on the porch, and I said, \"Oh, he has the small feet, just like my\nfather.\" I had no . . . He worked, my husband at that time worked for a cotton\nwaste company. We were just young. He was seven years older than I am.\n\nBERMAN: Tell me a little bit about your ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693#t=1200.0,1230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693/transcript/43811/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"husband, his name, his family, where he\nwas from.\n\nBUNZL: He was born in Vienna. He was . . . There were two children in that\nfamily. My brother-in-law is nine years younger. My in-laws, my father-in-law\nhad seven brothers, and they all ran the same business. This was a big thing.\nThey had factories and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693#t=1230.0,1260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693/transcript/43811/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"cotton waste in Vienna. They had paper mills and\n[indistinct, possibly 'woven'] paper. They were quite a big company. My in-laws\nwent . . . There was a family here in Atlanta. He was Jewish but pretended not\nto be, in the cotton waste business, [by the] name of [Robert] Hecht. During the\nDepression, my father-in-law ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693#t=1260.0,1290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693/transcript/43811/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"helped him over or something. So, he, as gratitude,\ngave the affidavit to my husband, and my husband came and worked for him.\n\nBERMAN: What year was that?\n\nBUNZL: My husband came in 1939.\n\nBERMAN: And his name?\n\nBUNZL: Walter H. Bunzl. You have his picture, you have ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693#t=1290.0,1320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693/transcript/43811/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in . . . You have his\npicture, and you have all that stuff from his immigration I gave to you all to\nthe museum. He stayed there and my in-laws came before I came. I came in 1941\ndown to Atlanta. They must have come . . . I came in 1941 in [the] Fall. They\ncame in February or something. My brother-in-law came with them, and he went ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693#t=1320.0,1350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693/transcript/43811/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to\nGeorgia Tech.\n\nBERMAN: I know that they were a very . . . a family of means in Vienna.\n\nBUNZL: Yes.\n\nBERMAN: And had a lot of property. And after the war, years later, they tried to\nget reparations. Were they ever successful in their attempts?\n\nBUNZL: I don't know if it . . . I'll tell you, one or two of the factories came\nback and they sold it. But ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693#t=1350.0,1380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693/transcript/43811/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"again, that was divided by the seven brothers. But\nthey had means, they were able to put money out before. They had international\nassets even before Hitler ever came. Money was no problem with them. But they\nhad a cotton waste business here too. And my husband worked for them and there\nwas ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693#t=1380.0,1410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693/transcript/43811/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this . . . then came the textile, the artificial, the fibers and the cotton\nwaste wasn't so hot anymore. So, they liquidated this branch, and my husband\nwent into the travel business and he stayed there until he retired. He only was\nretired for one year before he died.\n\nBERMAN: And you have how many children?\n\nBUNZL: I have two children, Richard, who lives in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693#t=1410.0,1440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693/transcript/43811/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Flowery Branch, Georgia, and\nhe's married to a non-Jewish girl and has three cats. And he's not too well, he\nhas congestive heart failure, but he's doing all right. And my daughter is Suzy\nWilner, and she is very active in the Jewish community. They have, after being\nmarried for 21 years, she had a baby. And that baby is Anna. And Anna is ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693#t=1440.0,1470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693/transcript/43811/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"now ten\nand a half and right now is staying with me while her mother is in Israel.\n\nBERMAN: I know that when you came here, you were active in some Jewish\norganizational work here in Atlanta.\n\nBUNZL: I stayed active actually until about . . . until I started not driving at\nnight anymore. And then, I mean, I was president of Council of Jewish Women ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693#t=1470.0,1500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693/transcript/43811/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and\nin the Federation. But I am not active anymore. I work at Bargainata sometimes,\nand I do spot jobs, but not every Monday or something like that.\n\nBERMAN: There was another organization early on that you also gave us some\nrecords on and photographs, and it was called The New World Club.\n\nBUNZL: That was already here when I came, and my husband was active in it. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693#t=1500.0,1530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693/transcript/43811/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This\nwas actually sponsored by the Council of Jewish Women, and it was for the\nnewcomers at that time to learn English. It was every Tuesday night, or Monday\nnight. I think it was Tuesday, now. They got together and actually the\nfriendships were formed and they continue up to this day, more or less, who are\nstill alive.\n\nBERMAN: Were those your closest ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693#t=1530.0,1560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693/transcript/43811/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"friends from then?\n\nBUNZL: Yes. And still are.\n\nBERMAN: Did you already speak English, or did you learn English when you got to\nLondon, England?\n\nBUNZL: I tell you, I learned . . . My first foreign language was French. I had\nsix years of that, three years of Latin, and one year of English. But by that\ntime, we had the Latin basis. Of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693#t=1560.0,1590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693/transcript/43811/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"course, knowing that I was going out of the\ncountry, I had private lessons in Germany. As you know, my parents could afford\nit, so I had conversational English. When I went to England, I could make myself\nunderstood, better than those Spanish people right now. I never went to school\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693#t=1590.0,1620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693/transcript/43811/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"here. I took courses, but never . . . Not like my brother who went to high\nschool and also went to college here. I did not.\n\nBERMAN: Your parents, they joined The Temple . . .Or you'd became active in The\nTemple when you came to Atlanta.\n\nBUNZL: Yeah, my in-laws were members of The Temple.\n\nBERMAN: Did you feel welcomed by the community here in Atlanta or did you feel\nset apart?\n\nBUNZL: Set apart. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693#t=1620.0,1650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693/transcript/43811/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"To a certain extent, at least for the first ten or fifteen\nyears. You had to work, you know, you had to prove yourself to be accepted. And\nof course, it's partly [understandable], they had their lives, and we were outsiders.\n\nBERMAN: They were German in background too, many of them.\n\nBUNZL: Most of them. And my in-laws had it much easier than ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693#t=1650.0,1680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693/transcript/43811/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"me, they made\nfriends with the Germans and my parents, who moved from Elberton to Columbus,\nGeorgia, were active in the community there.\n\nBERMAN: Why do you think the Bunzl family had, your in-laws had an easier time?\n\nBUNZL: Then I personally. Firstly, they were people of means and that meant a\nlot. Second of all, my mother-in-law was a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693#t=1680.0,1710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693/transcript/43811/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"great pusher and she entertained\nlavishly, and they were interested in music and art. And you know, I was a\nworking girl and then I was a mother with babies.\n\nBERMAN: Did your in-laws get involved in the arts here in Atlanta?\n\nBUNZL: Yes, but so did my husband. I mean, that was not Jewish, but my husband\nwas very, very musical. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693#t=1710.0,1740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693/transcript/43811/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We had a piano and he played piano and he had a very\nclose friend with . . . also Jewish, who is passed away, [indistinct 00:29:11]\nElias. They used to play four-handed. Once a week he went to concerts, he played\nin an orchestra here, and he was more on the musical side, while my\nmother-in-law was more in the arts side. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693#t=1740.0,1770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693/transcript/43811/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"She was active at the High [Museum]\nand she was a great friend of Mrs. Felber, which whom I don't know if you know\nanything about her, because she pretended not to be Jewish.\n\nBERMAN: Do you think that the German crowd at The Temple felt uncomfortable with\nthese new immigrants that were coming who were also German, but ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693#t=1770.0,1800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693/transcript/43811/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"different?\n\nBUNZL: Not so much. See, The Temple crowd was assimilated already, and we were\nnot. I think that was the difference.\n\nBERMAN: Did you participate in some of The Temple activities like Ballyhoo and .\n. . ?\n\nBUNZL: No, but I knew the people. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693#t=1800.0,1830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693/transcript/43811/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We knew them. But I tell you, my mother had a\nvery peculiar experience with one very prominent Jewish lady here who had\nrelatives whom they brought over, who lived in Columbus, also German. This girl\nmarried a Russian, you know, Polish or Russian Jewish ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693#t=1830.0,1860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693/transcript/43811/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"things. The lady said to\nmy mother, \"You know, lately we hear so much of intermarriages.\" I mean, this\nwas a . . .\n\nCOHEN: I've been wondering. For German Jews who are very integrated into German\nsociety, this is in the 1930s, when they were ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693#t=1860.0,1890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693/transcript/43811/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"told that they were not German\nanymore, how did your parents feel about that?\n\nBUNZL: Bad.\n\nBERMAN: I know I'm going back a little bit but . . .\n\nBUNZL: Bad. My father was very, very unhappy in the United States. Because they\nwere Germans, I mean, they were Jewish by religion, but they were first Germans,\nthen Jews. Put it this way, not Jews and then German.\n\nBERMAN: I think that's a universal feeling ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693#t=1890.0,1920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693/transcript/43811/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of most of the Germans we've talked to.\n\nBUNZL: Yeah.\n\nBERMAN: All the German Jews we've spoken to. My question too goes back to the\nBunzl family in Vienna. They were of such means. They were in Vienna. What\nspurred them on to leave? What was the impetus that finally said, \"We have to\nget out\"?\n\nBUNZL: They left pretty early. When my father, my father-in-law . . . First of\nall, the thing was when ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693#t=1920.0,1950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693/transcript/43811/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hitler marched into to Austria, my parents were in\nIsrael, Palestine. My in-laws. But on a visit with some of their relatives and\nmy mother-in-law said, \"I have to go back to the children.\" The children [were]\nalways the most important thing. And then they did that in Vienna, where the\nwomen had to scrub floors. That's when my father-in-law said, \"Out we ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693#t=1950.0,1980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693/transcript/43811/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"go.\" They\nwent right away.\n\nBERMAN: Was it difficult or did they have their papers in order?\n\nBUNZL: They had papers. That was just in the beginning. But they packed\neverything because I [stole] some of the furniture here in this room. It was the\none which was in Vienna.\n\nBERMAN: That's unbelievable. Can you point some of these things out?\n\nBUNZL: [pointing to objects off-screen] This cabinet, and those ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693#t=1980.0,2010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693/transcript/43811/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"chairs over\nthere, and the little table. That was about it. And they brought all [these]\npictures. I mean, [pointing off-screen] this picture over there. No, this came\nfrom my parents. They had that in the suitcase, and this came from an aunt,\nwhich could still get everything out. But most of the things, they got most of\ntheir stuff out and of course, some of their ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693#t=2010.0,2040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693/transcript/43811/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"things went to--furniture--went to\nmy brother-in-law and their children.\n\nBERMAN: Have you tried to instill an appreciation of what you went through, and\nyour parents went through to your children? Has it have been an important part\nof . . . ?\n\nBUNZL: I tell you what, it is very . . . They heard about it, and they knew\nabout, and they know about it. But I have to tell you something of my son, which\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693#t=2040.0,2070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693/transcript/43811/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I thought [is] why we should promote the Holocaust. When he was in school, I\ndon't know which grade, when they read Anne Frank, he came and said, \"Mommy, was\nit really true?\" This was a child who was brought up daily where he heard, \"This\nperson survived. That person survived. This happened and that happened. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693#t=2070.0,2100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693/transcript/43811/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This [is\nwhat] happened at the Kristallnacht.\" I mean, they knew all those things, but\nstill, when he was . . . and that was a child of survivors. I don't know if you\nhave heard other people saying that it's hard on the children, that somehow, he\ndid not grasp it. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693#t=2100.0,2130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693/transcript/43811/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He was eleven or ten, eleven, I don't know.\n\nBERMAN: If you could say one thing to your children or your granddaughter about\nthose experiences, about what happened, would there be . . . is there something\nthat you've thought about that you would like to leave with them?\n\nBUNZL: No. I told them. Actually, no, I haven't thought about it. I mean, we\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693#t=2130.0,2160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693/transcript/43811/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"live lives and I'm telling that little one now, \"In school I did this, and you\nbetter do it, too,\" you know, and \"We did this in Sunday\" . . . Sunday school, I\ndidn't go. I went to Hebrew School. I said, \"You're going to Hebrew school. I\nhad to go too.\" Things like this, but not specific. Passover is ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693#t=2160.0,2190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693/transcript/43811/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"still done the\nway it was done in my house. This cousin I have who lives also in Flowery\nBranch, I just got an email from him this morning telling me exactly, \"We are\ngoing to be ten people for Passover. You make some matzo balls, you make the dessert.\"\n\nBERMAN: Are these are the recipes that were . . . ?\n\nBUNZL: The German recipes. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693#t=2190.0,2220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693/transcript/43811/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Then we have a cousin in Paris, and he told me that\nlast week, he said, \"I talked to [indistinct 00:37:09, possibly 'Laura'] and\nshe's invited, and she has to make the German matzo balls, too.\" We still cook\ncertain things the way it was done in my house.\n\nBERMAN: That's wonderful to pass down those traditions.\n\nBUNZL: I have ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693#t=2220.0,2250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693/transcript/43811/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a Haggadah, which you haven't gotten yet, and I don't know if you\never will, which comes from the 17th century.\n\nBERMAN: Oh my gosh.\n\nBUNZL: And I have, of course, the prayer books of my husband's grandmother. They\nare, this is in German and of course, my prayer book when I got confirmed . . .\nI got confirmed, by the way, even my grandmother ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693#t=2250.0,2280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693/transcript/43811/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"got confirmed. Imagine in\nGermany . . . My grandmother must have been . . . My mother was born in 1893, so\nit must have been in the 1880s and she was already confirmed.\n\nBERMAN: How far back can you trace your family in Germany?\n\nBUNZL: I tell you . . . trace it back exactly. I knew my father's ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693#t=2280.0,2310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693/transcript/43811/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"family, they\ncould trace it back until the Thirty Years' War, 1648, all Germans.\n\nBERMAN: Do you have a genealogy of that family?\n\nBUNZL: I don't have it. I don't know where it is. An uncle of mine in Chicago\nhad it. I happen . . . I know where my grandfather's parents lived, and I have\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693#t=2310.0,2340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693/transcript/43811/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"taken my children to that house.\n\nBERMAN: I'm sure that was very meaningful to them.\n\nBUNZL: They were already grown up at that point. They knew this house still\nstands. It's a farmhouse. My great great grandparents were cattle dealers. What\nelse could Germans be? On my mother's side, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693#t=2340.0,2370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693/transcript/43811/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"my great-grandfather was a baker, a\nmatzah baker, outside of Frankfurt. But for my in-laws, I only know that my\nhusband's grandfather came from Bratislava that we tried to go there to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693#t=2370.0,2400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693/transcript/43811/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"find\nsomething out. They knew that . . . I have their family history, which goes back\nto the early 19th century. I have that up to date. It's a long scroll which goes\naround some things, and we found . . . we're looking for the graves and we went\nto the cemetery, but the Nazis tore that up.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693#t=2400.0,2430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693/transcript/43811/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: How did you find out about your family left in Germany as the war ended?\nDid you have family left in Germany that hadn't . . . ?\n\nBUNZL: This cousin who lives in--he is actually the son of a cousin--who lives\nin Flowery Branch. His grandparents were . . . that was my father's older sister\nand her husband. They died in Theresienstadt. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693#t=2430.0,2460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693/transcript/43811/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They were not actually killed, but\nmy aunt was a very heavy diabetic and [had] no insulin. Her husband died of some\nother disease, which, you know, would most likely would have been cured to a\ncertain extent.\n\nBERMAN: Did you find out during the war or after the war, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693#t=2460.0,2490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693/transcript/43811/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what happened to them?\n\nBUNZL: To them? I don't know. I mean, I think . . . See, since one daughter\nlived in the States, we knew. But there was another daughter of theirs, the\nFrench part. Their husband disappeared and then another one in that family\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693#t=2490.0,2520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693/transcript/43811/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"disappeared. Nobody knew what happened to them. But my cousin, my oldest cousin\nsurvived, and her children survived. And they got everything back. They got\ntheir apartment back and they stayed. My cousin only died three years ago. They\nstayed in that place because they didn't have to pay. It was . . . They didn't\nhave to pay rent. It was, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693#t=2520.0,2550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693/transcript/43811/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I mean, maybe when they moved in, it was nice in . . .\nbecause they left in 1934. So, they . . . it might have been nice and it was an\nexcellent neighborhood. But whom I call my cousin is actually my cousin's\ndaughter. She lives somewhere in France, she is unmarried, and the other sister\nmarried and lived in St Angelo, Texas. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693#t=2550.0,2580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693/transcript/43811/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that's the son who went to Rice\n[University] and who lives now in Atlanta, he's an engineer. That's where we\nspent Passover. We change around in the family.\n\nBERMAN: Can you also tell me a little bit more about the National Council of\nJewish Women and when you became involved and what . . . I know that that\norganization helped several survivors when they came to Atlanta and whether you\nhad any influence in that or . . . ?\n\nBUNZL: I tell you, it started off actually in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693#t=2580.0,2610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693/transcript/43811/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Germany because my mother was\nactive in what was called at that time the [indistinct 00:43:37, German,\n'frauen...']. It was a part sisterhood part . . . but it was affiliated with\nCouncil, and they had contact. The address I had for the Council of Jewish\nWomen's address in New York, that I had with me. And that's where the woman met\nme at the ship that I didn't go to Ellis Island. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693#t=2610.0,2640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693/transcript/43811/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When I came to Atlanta, you\nknow, like Gia [Gisela] Spielberg's mother, Lilo [Liselotte Meyer], we were\nactive in it because through the Tuesday night club and we just worked ourselves\nup in the organization. Of course, the part I did was a service to foreign-born.\nThe first thing after the war were the Hungarian Jews who ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693#t=2640.0,2670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693/transcript/43811/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"came over and I know I\nhelped them with their, you know, to become citizen papers and that test they\nhave to take. I did that for years. Then gradually worked into the other phases\nand I was here, I was president at the National Convention here. There, the\nfunniest thing happened. Suddenly I hear my mother yell ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693#t=2670.0,2700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693/transcript/43811/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and another woman yell.\nShe was from South Africa, and she was the President of Council. The two met at\na convention in Berlin [Germany] in 1924, and then they met here in Atlanta\nagain. So the world is really small. And my mother was very active as long as\nshe was able at the Council, while I was President, mainly.\n\nBERMAN: Do you remember working with Lilo Meyer?\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693#t=2700.0,2730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693/transcript/43811/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BUNZL: Yeah.\n\nBERMAN: And Josephine Heyman?\n\nBUNZL: Yes.\n\nBERMAN: She was very active in Council.\n\nBUNZL: Ballyhoo. [laughing] That was the first time where I saw a Jewish\nChristmas tree.\n\nBERMAN: Tell me about that. What was your reaction to that?\n\nBUNZL: That was strange. They had a Christmas tree. My in-laws were very\nfriendly with Josephine Heyman's ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693#t=2730.0,2760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693/transcript/43811/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in-laws. You know, Joe Heyman, who died this\nweek, his parents. I remember being at their golden wedding. We were . . .\nMother was very friendly with Mrs. Morse, Mrs. Heyman, and Mrs. Fox, Mrs. Urie.\nThis crowd . . . I actually ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693#t=2760.0,2790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693/transcript/43811/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"came in, but you know, Eleanor Heyman Rubinstein [sp]\nis younger than I am. I'm in between age.\n\nCOHEN: I'm sorry. I have another question. What was it like coming from Germany\nwith the Nuremberg Laws? Did you find that there was anything here in the South?\nYou know your first impressions of the Southern stratification?\n\nBUNZL: I tell you what bothered ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693#t=2790.0,2820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693/transcript/43811/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"me when I came here, the attitude towards the\nNegroes. I mean, I say that is just like in Germany. That feeling I had. I was\nvery much pro-integration and stuff.\n\nBERMAN: Did you work with that? Did you get involved in the civil rights\nactivities during the 1950s and 1960s?\n\nBUNZL: No.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693#t=2820.0,2850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693/transcript/43811/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Thank you very much. This was a wonderful interview.\n\nBUNZL: I hope you got . . .\n\nBERMAN: We are so thankful that you agreed to do it. We are very glad you have\ntaken this opportunity . . .\n\nCOHEN: Did we leave anything out? Is there anything else that . . . ?\n\nBUNZL: Not that I know of. There are a lot of little things, but, you know, you\ncan't . . . But I mean, I can say I'm integrated in the American ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693#t=2850.0,2880.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693/transcript/43811/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"community, and\nI feel American, except in certain ways of living. Like I am thinking more\nlogical. For instance, that [indistinct 00:48:15, possibly 'Prussian'], which\nseems instilled in me in school, is still with me.\n\nBERMAN: That's great.\n\nBUNZL: I don't know if other people have told you that, that German education is\nstill ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693#t=2880.0,2910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693/transcript/43811/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"better than this. It used to be, I don't know . . .\n\nBERMAN: I don't think that ever leaves you.\n\nBUNZL: No. You know, you work for the teacher, not for yourself, which is not\nsuch a bad idea.\n\nBERMAN: Well, thank you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693#t=2910.0,2940.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693/annotation_set/1049","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Annotations [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693/annotation_set/1049/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFrances Bertha Hamburger Bunzl (1920-2019) was originally from Wiesbaden, Germany but immigrated with her family to the United States at the beginning of World War II and eventually settled in Georgia. Frances was active in Atlanta’s Jewish community, serving on the National Council of Jewish Women and the Temple Sisterhood. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693/annotation_set/1049/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWiesbaden is a city in central western Germany and the capital of the state of Hesse. It is the second-largest city in Hesse after Frankfurt am Main. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693/annotation_set/1049/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe National Council of Jewish Women is an organization of volunteers and advocates who turn progressive ideals into advocacy and philanthropy inspired by Jewish values. They strive to improve the quality of life for women, children, and families.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693/annotation_set/1049/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Taunus is a mountain range in Hesse, Germany, located north west of Frankfurt and north of Wiesbaden. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693#t=90.0,120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693/annotation_set/1049/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIn 1933, more than 26,000 Jews lived in Frankfurt, making the city the second-largest Jewish community in Germany. As soon as the Nazis rose to power in January 1933, the Jews of Frankfurt, like Jews all over Germany, were subjected to discrimination. The city's Jewish mayor was immediately kicked out of office and many Jewish workers were fired from their jobs. The Nazis in Frankfurt began their anti-Jewish boycott earlier than the rest of the country, and continued boycotting Jewish enterprises after the official one-day boycott of April 1, 1933. The Jews of Frankfurt responded to their community's seriously deteriorating economic circumstances by establishing a widespread welfare system. By 1935, almost 20 percent of the Jews in Frankfurt were being assisted by the welfare network. The Jewish community also boosted morale by setting up its own cultural activities, including a symphony, theater groups, and sports programs. During the Kristallnacht pogrom of November 9-10, 1938, many of the city's synagogues were burnt down, Jewish stores were attacked and pillaged, and homes were ransacked. The Frankfurt yeshiva was also destroyed. Soon, thousands of Jews were arrested and over 2,000 were sent to Buchenwald. The grave violence led many Jews to flee the country, and by May 1939, only about 14,000 Jews were left in Frankfurt. Just a few months after World War II broke out in September 1939, the Gestapo began the Aryanization process of confiscating Jewish property. The Frankfurt municipality bought Jewish community property for much less than its true worth, and the Jewish cemeteries were vandalized. In March 1941 Jews were made to do forced labor, and in October, the first Jews were deported to Lodz. On November 11, 1,052 Jews were sent to Minsk, and another 902 were deported to Riga on November 22. During 1942, 2,952 Jews from Frankfurt were sent to Theresienstadt. More Jews were deported eastward in late 1942 and throughout 1943. The last transport of Jews from Frankfurt was transferred to Theresienstadt in January 1944. Altogether, only 600 Jews from Frankfurt survived the war.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693#t=120.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693/annotation_set/1049/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOn November 7, 1939, Herschel Grynszpan, a 17-year-old Polish Jew living in Paris, shot German diplomat, Ernst vom Rath in Paris. Grynszpan apparently acted out of despair over the fate of his parents, who are trapped along with other Polish Jewish deportees in a no-man’s-land between Germany and Poland. The Nazis used the shooting as antisemitic propaganda fervor, claiming that Grynszpan was part of a wider Jewish conspiracy. When Vom Rath died two days later, the Nazis used the incidence to fuel violent pogroms. On November 8 and 9, 1938, the Nazis started a state-sponsored nationwide pogrom. Across the country (and in Austria) Jewish synagogues, homes and businesses were looted and burned, Jews were attacked on the streets and 91 were killed. Thousands of Jewish men were sent to concentration camps for several weeks and released only when they agreed to leave the country as soon as possible. The Jews were made to pay for the damages to their premises. The pogrom was called “Kristallnacht,” which means “Night of Broken Glass,” because of all the damage done to Jewish shop windows. Thousands of German Jews and close to 6,000 Austrian Jews were arrested after Kristallnacht and deported to the Dachau or Buchenwald concentration camps in Germany. Most were released within a few weeks, but only if they promised to immigrate immediately, leaving their property behind.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693#t=120.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693/annotation_set/1049/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe University of Georgia (GUA or Georgia) is a public land-grant research university with its main campus in Athens, Georgia. Chartered in 1785, it is one of the oldest public universities in the United States. It is the flagship school of the University System of Georgia. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693#t=180.0,210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693/annotation_set/1049/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOrthodox Judaism is a traditional branch of Judaism that strictly follows the written Torah and the oral law concerning prayer, dress, food, sex, family relations, social behavior, the Sabbath day, holidays, and more.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693#t=210.0,240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693/annotation_set/1049/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSamson Raphael Hirsch (June 20, 1808-December 31, 1888) was a German Orthodox rabbi best known as the intellectual founder of the Torah in Derech Eretz school fo contemporary Orthodox Judaism. Hirsch was rabbi in Oldenburg, Emden, and was subsequently appointed chief rabbi of Moravia. From 1861 until his death, Hirsch led the secessionist Orthodox community in Frankfurt am Main. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693#t=210.0,240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693/annotation_set/1049/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eClassical Reform Judaism was the type of Judaism that developed in the late 19th century United States. American Jews, most of whom were of central European background, saw the tremendous influence that liberal religion had on their Protestant neighbors and wanted to develop a form of Judaism equivalent to Episcopalianism, Presbyterianism, and especially Unitarianism. As presented in the 1885 Declaration of Principles, known as the \"Pittsburgh Platform,\" Classical Reform Judaism minimized Judaic ritual and emphasized ethics in a universalist context, stressing universalism while reaffirming the Reform movement's commitment to Jewish particularism through the expression of the religious idea of the mission of Israel. The document defined Reform Judaism as a rational and modern form of religion in contrast with traditional Judaism on one hand and universalist ethics on the other. Much of Reform Judaism has moved away from Classical Reform and toward a more traditional style of worship since World War II and the Holocaust, and only a handful of congregations follow the Classical Reform any longer. The most vocal advocates of the return to Classical Reform Judaism are members of the group known as \"Roots of Reform Judaism,\" (formerly the Society for Classical Reform Judaism), founded in 2008.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693#t=240.0,270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693/annotation_set/1049/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eKashrut is a set of dietary laws dealing with the foods that Jews are permitted to eat and how those foods must be prepared according to Jewish law. Food that may be consumed is deemed kosher, from the Ashkenazi pronunciation of the Hebrew term kashér, meaning \"fit\" (in this context, \"fit for consumption\"). In colloquial English, kosher often means \"legitimate,\" \"acceptable,\" \"permissible,\" \"genuine,\" or \"authentic.\"\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693#t=240.0,270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693/annotation_set/1049/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eJüdischer Kulturbund,\u003c/em\u003e or (with the definite article) \u003cem\u003eDer Jüdische Kulturbund,\u003c/em\u003e was a cultural federation of German Jews established in 1933. It hired over 1,300 men and 700 women artists, musiciams, and actors fired from German institutions. Founded by Kurt Singer, the organization was originally named \u003cem\u003eKulturbund Deutscher Juden\u003c/em\u003e (Cultural Federation of German Jews) in 1933, but in April 1935 the Nazi authorities – forcing the organization to delete the term German from the name – imposed a change of the name into \u003cem\u003eJüdischer Kulturbund\u003c/em\u003e (Jewish Cultural Federation). Also known as the \u003cem\u003eKubu\u003c/em\u003e, the \u003cem\u003eKulturbund\u003c/em\u003e was an institution created by unemployed Jewish performers with the consent of the Nazis for the Jewish population. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693#t=480.0,510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693/annotation_set/1049/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAdolf Hitler (1889-1945) was a German politician who was the leader of the Nazi Party, Chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945, and Führer (“leader”) of Nazi Germany from 1934 to 1945. As dictator of Nazi Germany, he initiated World War II in Europe with the invasion of Poland in September 1939 and was a central figure of the Holocaust.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693#t=510.0,540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693/annotation_set/1049/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBefore World War II, the overwhelming majority of Austrian Jews lived in Vienna, which was an important center of Jewish culture, Zionism, and education. In 1938, some 170,000 Jews lived in Vienna, Austria, as well as approximately 80,000 persons of mixed Jewish-Christian background. After Austria was annexed by Nazi Germany in March 1938, the Nazis quickly applied anti-Jewish policies to Vienna. Jewish organizations and universities were shut down. Jews were barred from many professions and forced to wear a yellow badge. The Nazis encouraged emigration and, by the summer of 1939, nearly half the Jewish population had left Vienna. Emigration was not easy, however. Those seeking exit visas and necessary other documentation had to stand in long lines, night and day, in front of municipal, police, and passport offices. Would-be emigrants were forced to pay an exit fee and to register all of their immovable and most of their movable property, which was confiscated concurrent with their departure from the country. Only 2,000 Viennese Jews survived deportations during the war, along with about 800 Jews who managed to hide. After the war, the city was under joint Allied occupation. After the city was liberated in April 1945, there were 17,000 Jews in the city, most of whom were Hungarian Jews or other refugees. Between 1945 and 1952, other Jewish displaced persons, who looked towards the American Army for services and protection, rather than towards the Austrian government, augmented their numbers. After the Kielce pogrom in the summer of 1946, Jews fleeing Poland flooded into Vienna. Some 52,000 individuals passed through Vienna. In response to the overcrowding, more DP camps were opened in Austria, with Vienna often serving as a transit point. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693#t=690.0,720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693/annotation_set/1049/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eNellie Margaret Burian Bunzl (1889-1980) was a native of Gablonz, Austria (now known as Jablonec ned Nisou, Czech Republic) immigrated to the United States via Brazil in 1940. She was founder and president of the Pro-Mozart Society, a docent at the High Museum of Art, a trustee of the Atlanta Boys Choir, a member of The Temple, and a supporter of the National Council of Jewish Women. She resided in Atlanta until 1975 when she moved to Vienna, Austria with her husband Robert Max Bunzl.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693#t=690.0,720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693/annotation_set/1049/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRobert Max Bunzl (1883-1977) was a native of Bratislava, Czechoslovakia (now Bratislava, Slovakia) who immigrated to the United States via Brazil in 1940. He headed a textile and paper manufacturing and distribution business in Atlanta. Beginning in 1957, he served as honorary Austrian consul for the Southeast United States. He was a member of The Temple and a supporter of the Atlanta Symphony, Pro-Mozart Society, Atlanta Arts Alliance, Atlanta Music Club, Academy Theater, Atlanta Boys Choir. He resided in Atlanta until 1975 when he moved to Vienna, Austria.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693#t=720.0,750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693/annotation_set/1049/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCunard is a British shipping and cruise line based at Carnival House at Southampton, England. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693#t=870.0,900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693/annotation_set/1049/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eAga Kahn\u003c/em\u003e is a title held by the \u003cem\u003eImam\u003c/em\u003e of the \u003cem\u003eNizari Isa’ili Shias.\u003c/em\u003e \u003cem\u003eAga Kahns\u003c/em\u003e claim descent from Muhammad, the last prophet according to the doctrine of Islam. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693#t=900.0,930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693/annotation_set/1049/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEllis Island is a federally owned island in New York Harbor, situated within the U.S. states of New Kersey and New York, that was the busiest immigrant inspection and processing station in the United States. In 1892 to 1954, nearly 12 million immigrants arriving at the Port of New York and New Jersey were processed there under federal law. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693#t=960.0,990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693/annotation_set/1049/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOpened in 1939 by Alexander Selinger, an Austerlitz-raised sugar broker from Vienna, the Café Éclair was a traditional Viennese-style coffeehouse and a popular meeting spot during World War II of German, Austrian, Czech, and Hungarian Jewish immigrants. Its guestbook can be found at the Leo Baeck Institute, which is devoted by the history and culture of German-speaking Jews. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693#t=1050.0,1080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693/annotation_set/1049/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA Jewish Federation (often known as the \"Federation\" or the \"Fed\") is the secular primary Jewish nonprofit organization found within most metropolitan areas (or sometimes states) in North America that host a substantial Jewish community. Their broad purpose is to provide \"human services,\" generally, but not exclusively, to the local Jewish community. All federations at least operate an annual central campaign then allocate the proceeds to affiliated local agencies. There are 148 Jewish Federations. The national umbrella organization for the federations is the Jewish Federations of North America.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693#t=1140.0,1170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693/annotation_set/1049/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Great Depression was a severe worldwide economic depression in the decade preceding World War II. The time of the Great Depression varied across nations, but in most countries it started in about 1929, when the American stock market crashed, and lasted until the late 1930s or early 1940s. It was the longest, most widespread, and deepest depression of the twentieth century. The Great Depression is often seen as the major turning point in 20th-century world history. In Europe, World War I had a long-term impact on the economy and financial stability. Postwar inflation spiraled into hyperinflation by the 1920’s and European banks struggled to stay open. Exasperating the situation were skyrocketing unemployment rates. The Great Depression had immediately visible political and social ramifications in Europe, including increased antisemitism and nationalism.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693#t=1260.0,1290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693/annotation_set/1049/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBetween 1945 and 1947, the Allied governments enacted various legislation dealing with reparations to be paid to the victims of Nazi oppression. The Jewish Agency presented the first official claim to the Allied governments in September 1945. The Conference on Jewish Material Claims Against Germany (Claims Conference) was established in October 1951 to help with individual claims against Germany arising from the Holocaust. The Claims Conference initially recovered $100 million from West Germany, with direct compensation to Holocaust survivors paid in installments. In 1952, the government of West Germany reached an agreement with the state of Israel and the Conference on Jewish Material Claims Against Germany to pay reparations for material losses and injuries incurred during the Holocaust. Three separate German laws, known as the West German Federal Indemnification Laws, were adopted in 1953, 1956, and 1965. They further provided for compensation in the form of one-time payments and monthly pensions to Holocaust survivors. In the years since, other agreements for reparations have also been reached.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693#t=1350.0,1380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693/annotation_set/1049/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBargainata began in 1970as the National Council of Jewish Women Atlanta Section’s annual fundraiser. Bargainata is also the name of a thrift boutique in Sandy Springs, Georgia, that opened in 2015 in affiliation with the National Council of Jewish Women, Atlanta Section.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693#t=1500.0,1530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693/annotation_set/1049/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThis club was a support group formed by German Jews who immigrated to Atlanta immediately prior to the outbreak of World War II.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693#t=1500.0,1530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693/annotation_set/1049/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Temple, or “Hebrew Benevolent Congregation,” is Atlanta’s oldest Jewish congregation. The cornerstone was laid on the Temple on Garnett Street in 1875. The dedication was held in 1877 and the Temple was located there until 1902. The Temple’s next location on Pryor Street was dedicated in 1902. The Temple’s current location in Midtown on Peachtree Street was dedicated in 1931. The main sanctuary is on the National Register of Historic Places. The Reform congregation now totals approximately 1500 families. As of 2022, its Senior Rabbi is Peter S. Berg.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693#t=1620.0,1650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693/annotation_set/1049/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe High Museum of Art in Atlanta is the leading art museum in the Southeastern United States. Located on Peachtree Street in Midtown, the High is a division of the Woodruff Arts Center. It was founded in 1905 as the Atlanta Art Association and renamed after the High family donated their house as an exhibit space in 1926. In 1983, a new 135,000-square-foot building designed by Richard Meier opened to house the Museum. In 2002, three new buildings designed by Renzo Piano more than doubled the Museum's size.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693#t=1770.0,1800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693/annotation_set/1049/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBallyhoo was the name of a social party for upper-middle class Reform Jewish young adults (high school to college age) held annually in Atlanta, Georgia. The event attracted young people from all over the Southeast to meet boys and girls from other cities.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693#t=1800.0,1830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693/annotation_set/1049/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe systematic, government-sponsored attempt by the German Nazi government to annihilate the Jews of Europe between 1939 and 1945, which resulted in the deaths of 6,000,000 Jews.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693#t=2070.0,2100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693/annotation_set/1049/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAnne Frank (1929-1945) was a German-Jewish girl whose family fled to Amsterdam and, after the Germans occupied the Netherlands in World War II, went into hiding with her family and others. After almost two years, they were discovered and deported to concentration camps. Anne died in Bergen-Belsen in April 1945, at the age of 15. Anne’s father, Otto Frank, is the only one of the eight people in hiding to survive. After the war, Anne became world famous because of the diary she wrote while in hiding.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693#t=2070.0,2100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693/annotation_set/1049/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePesach [Hebrew: Passover] is the celebration of Israel’s liberation from Egyptian bondage. The holiday lasts for eight days. Unleavened bread, matzo, is eaten in memory of the unleavened bread prepared by the Israelites during their hasty flight from Egypt, when they had not time to wait for the dough to rise. On the first two nights of Passover, the seder, the central event of the holiday, is celebrated.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693#t=2160.0,2190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693/annotation_set/1049/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHebrew school can be either the Jewish equivalent of Sunday school (an educational regimen separate from secular education, focusing on topics of Jewish history and learning the Hebrew language), or a primary, secondary, or college level educational institution where some or all of the classes are taught in Hebrew. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693#t=2160.0,2190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693/annotation_set/1049/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMatzo balls are dumplings made from matzo meal, an Ashkenazi custom. The balls are dropped into chicken soup or boiling water. They are popular during Passover.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693#t=2190.0,2220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693/annotation_set/1049/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eConfirmation is a coming-of-age ritual that originated in the Reform movement, which scorned the idea that at 13 years of age a child was an adult. They replaced bar and bat mitzvah with a confirmation ceremony at about age 16 to 18. In some Conservative synagogues the confirmation concept has been adopted as a way to continue and child’s Jewish education and involvement for a few more years.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693#t=2250.0,2280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693/annotation_set/1049/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe \u003cem\u003eHaggadah\u003c/em\u003e is a Jewish text that sets forth the order of the Passover seder. Reading the \u003cem\u003eHaggadah\u003c/em\u003e at the \u003cem\u003eseder\u003c/em\u003e table is a fulfillment of the scriptural commandment to each Jew to “tell your son” of the Jewish liberation from slavery in Egypt as described in the Book of Exodus in the \u003cem\u003eTorah.\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693#t=2250.0,2280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693/annotation_set/1049/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Thirty Years’ War was one of the longest and most destructive conflicts in European history, lasting from 1618 to 1648. Fought primarily in Central Europe, an estimated 4.5 to 8 million soldiers and civilians died as a result of battle, famine, and disease, while some areas of what is now modern Germany experienced population declines of over 50%. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693#t=2310.0,2340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693/annotation_set/1049/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eMatzo,\u003c/em\u003e or \u003cem\u003ematzah,\u003c/em\u003e is an unleavened flatbread that is part of Jewish cuisine and forms an integral element of the Passover festival.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693#t=2370.0,2400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693/annotation_set/1049/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBratislava, historically known as Pressburg, is the capital and largest city of Slovakia. The city’s history has been influenced by people of many nations and religions, including Austrians, Bulgarians, Croats, Czechs, Germans, Hungarians, Jews, Romani, and Slovaks. The city received its contemporary name in March 1919 with the aim that a Slavic name could support demand for the city of be part of Czechoslovakia. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693#t=2370.0,2400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693/annotation_set/1049/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Theresienstadt (Terezín) \"camp-ghetto\" near Prague in the present-day Czech Republic was opened in late 1941 and existed until May 1945. It served as a ghetto, an assembly camp, and a concentration camp. In the course of its existence, approximately 140,000 Jews from Germany, Austria, and about one third of the Jewish population of Bohemia and Moravia were sent to Theresienstadt. Roughly 33,000 died in Theresienstadt itself due to starvation and disease. Nearly 90,000 Jews were deported from Thereseinstadt to other ghettos, concentration camps, and extermination camps in Nazi-occupied Eastern Europe.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693#t=2430.0,2460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693/annotation_set/1049/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGisela (Gia) Diana Meyer Spielberg (September 29, 1926 – February 4, 2018) was born in Berlin, Germany to Jewish German World War I veteran Henrich Meyer and his wife Lieseoltte Kohn. The family suffered the rising antisemitism in Germany following Hitler’s rise to power in 1933. Their family connections and luck, the family was able to escape to England weeks before war broke out in Europe and eventually made their way to the United States where they finally settled in Atlanta, Georgia. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693#t=2640.0,2670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693/annotation_set/1049/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLiselotte “Lilo” Kallman Meyer (1904-1966) was a Holocaust survivor from Germany who immigrated to Atlanta in 1940. She was active in the New World Club, the \"Emigre Discussion Group,\" of the National Council of Jewish Women, and the Jewish Family and Children's Bureau of the Atlanta Jewish Federation where she became a specialist on claims for indemnification for victims of the Holocaust.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693#t=2640.0,2670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693/annotation_set/1049/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJosephine (Jo) Joel Heyman (1901-1993) was a Jewish civic and political activist in Atlanta. During the 1930s, she conducted night classes to teach Holocaust refugees English. When the Association of Southern Women for the Prevention of Lynching expanded, she became an active member. In the 1940s she was one of five women founders of the United Nations Association of Atlanta. She and her friend, Eleanor Raoul Greene, started the DeKalb County chapter of the League of Women Voters. In the 1960s, she turned her efforts to promoting racial desegregation. She also gave years of service and leadership in the National Council of Jewish Women and Hadassah.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693#t=2730.0,2760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693/annotation_set/1049/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJoseph Kohn Heyman (1908-2001) was born in Atlanta, Georgia, in 1908, the son of Minna Simon Heyman and Arthur Heyman. He attended Fulton High School and graduated Phi Beta Kappa from the University of Georgia in 1928. In 1930, he received his Masters of Business Administration from the Harvard Business School. From 1930 until 1942 he served on the staff of Tri-Continental Corporation, a New York investment company, initially as an investment analyst and later as economist. He returned to Atlanta in 1942 to serve with the War Production Board. From 1945 to 1951, Heyman operated his own investment firm, joining the Trust Company of Georgia as a vice president in 1951. Throughout his career, Heyman was often called upon to comment in print and in speeches to local organizations on the state of the economy. Notwithstanding two years during which he served as financial vice president of Rich’s Inc., he remained at the Trust Company of Georgia until his retirement in 1973. Heyman served as a member of the Board of Directors of Rich’s Inc., and was active in a variety of civic organizations, including the Atlanta Parking Commission, Community Chest, Family Service Society, Atlanta Chamber of Commerce, Atlanta-Fulton County Joint City-County Advisory Commission, Atlanta Arts Alliance, Inc., and the Atlanta Economics Club. He was also a member of The Temple and the Standard Club.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693#t=2760.0,2790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693/annotation_set/1049/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Nazis’ racial laws were a set of policies and laws implemented by Nazi Germany, asserting the superiority of the “Aryan race,” and based on a specific racist doctrine, which claimed scientific legitimacy. These policies targeted Jews, Gypsies, homosexuals, handicapped people, and others who were labeled as inferior in a racial hierarchy to the “master race” of Germans. In Germany, the Nuremberg Laws of 1935 were passed on November 15, 1935. They formed the cornerstone of the German Nazi Party’s racial policy and heralded in a new wave of antisemitic legislation that brought about immediate and concrete segregation. They included the Law for the Protection of German Blood and German Honor, prohibiting marriages and sexual relations between Jews and Germans, and the Reich Citizenship Law, which stripped Jews of their German citizenship. Allies of the Nazis emulated these laws.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693#t=2790.0,2820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693/annotation_set/1049/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe American Civil Rights Movement encompasses social movements in the United States whose goal was to end racial segregation and discrimination against Black Americans and enforce constitutional voting rights to them. The movement was characterized by major campaigns of civil resistance. Between 1955 and 1968, acts of nonviolent protest and civil disobedience produced crisis situations between activists and government authorities. Noted legislative achievements during this phase of the Civil Rights Movement were passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the Voting Rights Act of 1965, the Immigration and Nationality Services Act of 1965, and the Fair Housing Act of 1968.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693#t=2820.0,2850.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693/index/53093","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Frances Bunzl [Index]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693/index/53093/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Her Memories of Life in Germany","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693#t=10.0,330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693/index/53093/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'd like to begin by just asking you to recount a little bit of your early life in Germany. The names of your parents, your siblings, what your father did for a living, and just some of your earliest memories of life in Germany.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693#t=10.0,330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693/index/53093/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Albany, Georgia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Bunzl, Frances Hamburger","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Elberton, Georgia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Frankfurt, Germany","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hamburger, Abraham Arthur","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hamburger, Anna Kahn","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hamburger, Carl","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Kristallnacht","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"University of Georgia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Wiesbaden, Germany","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693#t=10.0,330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693/index/53093/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Kristallnacht; Emigrating to America ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693#t=330.0,503.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693/index/53093/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And what happened to the family on Kristallnacht?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693#t=330.0,503.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693/index/53093/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Frankfurt, Germany","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"German Jews","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Immigration and emigration","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Kristallnacht","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693#t=330.0,503.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693/index/53093/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Der Jüdische Kulturbund ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693#t=503.0,755.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693/index/53093/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You mentioned earlier, just as a side comment, that you had heard the Kulturbund, the symphony. Can you tell me a little about that?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693#t=503.0,755.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693/index/53093/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Der Jüdische Kulturbund","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693#t=503.0,755.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693/index/53093/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Working in England; Emigrating to America","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693#t=755.0,1229.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693/index/53093/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Getting back to when you first left Germany, you went to ... England. If you can give us a chronology, then, of getting to England . . . What you did there and then coming to the United States and meeting your husband and your early life here. ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693#t=755.0,1229.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693/index/53093/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Au pairs","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Bunzl, Walter H.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Café Éclair (New York City, Ny.)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Connecticut","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Elberton, Gerogia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ellis Island","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hamburger, Carl","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish Federation of Greater Atlanta","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"London, England","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"New York City, New York","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693#t=755.0,1229.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693/index/53093/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Her Husband, Walter H. Bunzl, and His Family; Their Life in Atlanta ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693#t=1229.0,1879.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693/index/53093/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Tell me a little bit about your husband, his family, where he was from. ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693#t=1229.0,1879.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693/index/53093/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ballyhoo","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Bargainata","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Bunzl, Walter H.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Great Depression","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"High Museum of Art","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"New World Club","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The Temple (Atlanta, Ga.)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Vienna, Austria","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693#t=1229.0,1879.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693/index/53093/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Integration in German Society; Her Family-in-Law Leaving Vienna ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693#t=1879.0,2297.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693/index/53093/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I've been wondering. For German Jews who are very integrated into Germany society, this is in the 1930s, when they were told that they were not German anymore, how did your parents feel about that? ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693#t=1879.0,2297.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693/index/53093/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Anti-Jewish attitudes","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"German Jews","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Wiesbaden, Germany","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693#t=1879.0,2297.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693/index/53093/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Her and Her Husband's Family History; Aftermath of World War II ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693#t=2297.0,2592.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693/index/53093/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"How far back can you trace your family in Germany? ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693#t=2297.0,2592.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693/index/53093/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Austria","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Bratislava, Slovakia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Czechoslovakia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Germany","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Theresienstadt (Concentration camp)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Thirty Years' War","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693#t=2297.0,2592.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693/index/53093/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Her Involvement in the National Council of Jewish Women","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693#t=2592.0,2929.427"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693/index/53093/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Can you also tell me a little bit more about the National Council of Jewish Women and when you became involved and what . . . I know that that organization helped several survivors when they came to Atlanta and whether you had any influence in that or . . . ?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693#t=2592.0,2929.427"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693/index/53093/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Heyman, Joe Kohn","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Heyman, Josephine Joel","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Meyer, Liselotte Kallman","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"National Council of Jewish Women","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Spielberg, Gisela Meyer","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92681/file/188693#t=2592.0,2929.427"}]}]}]}