{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/bk16m33k1w/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Alhadeff, Abraham"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["2008-11-18 (creation)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Language"]},"value":{"en":["English (primary)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source"]},"value":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum","Esther and Herbert Taylor Oral History Collection"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAbraham Alhadeff interviewed by Sandra Berman on November 18, 2008 in Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e (general)","\u003cp\u003eAbraham Alhadeff was born in 1919 in Atlanta, Georgia, to Estrella Benator Alhadeff and Solomon Alhadeff. His mother was from the Isle of Rhodes. His father was from Turkey. They came to the United States around 1910. Abraham is one of six children, who were all born in Atlanta. Abraham’s father owned a shoe repair shop in Atlanta. The family spoke the Ladino language. The family had been members of Congregation Or VeShalom since 1915. His father was one of the organizers. His brother Charlie was the first bar mitzvah performed by Rabbi Joseph Cohen.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAbraham served in the United States Navy during World War II. Abraham and his three brothers were in military service at the same time. After the war, Abraham went to John Marshall Law School for his law degree and attended Georgia State University for his accounting degree.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAbraham and Ruth Reicher married immediately after he returned from service. They have four sons: Barry, Irvin, Steve, and David and many grandchildren and great-children.\u003c/p\u003e (bioghist)","\u003cp\u003eAbraham Alhadeff begins the interview talking about his parents who came to Atlanta around 1910 from the Isle of Rhodes and Turkey.  He discusses his father working in the shoe repair business in Atlanta.  He reflects that Sephardic Jews were the majority of men who were in the shoe repair organization in Atlanta.  He talks about working at his father’s shoe repair business during summers and selling ice cream there.  He relates that he grew up speaking the Ladino language at home, but that the language is no longer spoken in the community or by the younger generations.  Abraham recalls Rabbi Joseph Cohen at the Congregation Or VeShalom. \u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAbraham entered the United States Navy in 1942.  He discusses his training at the Naval Academy in Norfolk, Virginia.  He recalls hurricanes and typhoons and several military campaigns in the Pacific.  He describes an ordinary day on the ship, the USS Colonial.  Abraham mentions his involvement with the Jewish War Veterans. \u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAbraham met his wife, Ruth Reicher, when he was stationed in Annapolis, Maryland, at the Naval Academy.  He reflects on how he corresponded regularly with her while overseas and set a marriage date immediately after returning home.  He talks about their four children, Barry, Irvin, Steve, and David.\u003c/p\u003e (scope content)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source Metadata URI"]},"value":{"en":["https://archivesspace.thebreman.org/repositories/2/archival_objects/28332"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject"]},"value":{"en":["World War Two (topical term)","United States Navy (topical term)","Pearl Harbor (named event)","Jewish War Veterans (corporate name)"]}}],"summary":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAbraham Alhadeff interviewed by Sandra Berman on November 18, 2008 in Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAbraham Alhadeff was born in 1919 in Atlanta, Georgia, to Estrella Benator Alhadeff and Solomon Alhadeff. His mother was from the Isle of Rhodes. His father was from Turkey. They came to the United States around 1910. Abraham is one of six children, who were all born in Atlanta. Abraham’s father owned a shoe repair shop in Atlanta. The family spoke the Ladino language. The family had been members of Congregation Or VeShalom since 1915. His father was one of the organizers. His brother Charlie was the first bar mitzvah performed by Rabbi Joseph Cohen.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAbraham served in the United States Navy during World War II. Abraham and his three brothers were in military service at the same time. After the war, Abraham went to John Marshall Law School for his law degree and attended Georgia State University for his accounting degree.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAbraham and Ruth Reicher married immediately after he returned from service. They have four sons: Barry, Irvin, Steve, and David and many grandchildren and great-children.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAbraham Alhadeff begins the interview talking about his parents who came to Atlanta around 1910 from the Isle of Rhodes and Turkey.  He discusses his father working in the shoe repair business in Atlanta.  He reflects that Sephardic Jews were the majority of men who were in the shoe repair organization in Atlanta.  He talks about working at his father’s shoe repair business during summers and selling ice cream there.  He relates that he grew up speaking the Ladino language at home, but that the language is no longer spoken in the community or by the younger generations.  Abraham recalls Rabbi Joseph Cohen at the Congregation Or VeShalom. \u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAbraham entered the United States Navy in 1942.  He discusses his training at the Naval Academy in Norfolk, Virginia.  He recalls hurricanes and typhoons and several military campaigns in the Pacific.  He describes an ordinary day on the ship, the USS Colonial.  Abraham mentions his involvement with the Jewish War Veterans. \u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAbraham met his wife, Ruth Reicher, when he was stationed in Annapolis, Maryland, at the Naval Academy.  He reflects on how he corresponded regularly with her while overseas and set a marriage date immediately after returning home.  He talks about their four children, Barry, Irvin, Steve, and David.\u003c/p\u003e"]},"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/097/893/small/Abraham_Alhadeff.png?1619293470","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - Alhadeff_Abraham.mp4"]},"duration":4233.168,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/097/893/small/Abraham_Alhadeff.png?1619293470","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-thebreman.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/097/893/original/Alhadeff_Abraham.mp4?1601045092","type":"Video","format":"video/mp4","duration":4233.168,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/transcript/19159","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Abraham Alhadeff [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/transcript/19159/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Today is November 18, 2008. I'm here with Abraham Alhadeff, who has\nagreed to be interviewed for the Esther and Herbert Taylor Oral History Project\nof the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum. It's a mouthful, I know, but I\nhave to get that in in the beginning. Thank you for coming.\n\nALHADEFF: You're welcome.\n\nBERMAN: When I first asked you to come for this interview, I didn't realize that\nyou were part of an old, old, old Atlanta family.\n\nALHADEFF: Oh ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/transcript/19159/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"yes.\n\nBERMAN: I'd like to get a little bit of background before we start talking about\nyour war service. When were you born and who were your parents?\n\nALHADEFF: My dad was Soloman Alhadeff. My mother was Estrella [Benator] Alhadeff.\n\nBERMAN: How do you spell that?\n\nALHADEFF: E-S-T-R-E-L-L-A. My mother was from the Island of Rhodes. My dad was\nfrom Constantinople, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/transcript/19159/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Turkey. I think they both came over about . . . My dad came\nfirst about 1910 or 1911. He went to work for Victor Benator, who was a shoe\nrepairman. Victor had a picture of his sister in his wallet. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=60.0,90.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/transcript/19159/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"My dad saw that\npicture. He said, \"You bring her right here because I'm going to marry her.\" And\nit was just about like that. She came over, and they were married about 1912 or\n1913. My oldest brother Jake was born in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=90.0,120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/transcript/19159/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"1915. Jake is still living. He's 93\nnow. Second boy was Morris. He passed away about 25 years ago. I was the third\nchild. I was born in 1919. May 10. Pop ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=120.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/transcript/19159/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"had his own shoe repair shop. The\nSephardic [Jews] at that time . . . we have a picture of about 60 people who\nwere in the shoe repair organization in Atlanta. About 45 of those were\nSephardic ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=150.0,180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/transcript/19159/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"men. My sister Alice [Barbakoff], who was the fifth. We had four boys.\nMy brother Charlie was born two years behind me. Alice was two more years --\nfour years from me. Alice passed away about four years ago. She was 80 when she\ndied. The sixth child was Julia. She is still alive. Jake, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=180.0,210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/transcript/19159/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I, Charlie, and Julia\nare still hanging around.\n\nBERMAN: That's good.\n\nALHADEFF: We're all in pretty good shape. We've been very fortunate.\n\nBERMAN: I know that so many Sephardim were in the shoe repair business. Why was that?\n\nALHADEFF: The story I heard was after the 1492 ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=210.0,240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/transcript/19159/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"period, the Spaniards did not\nwant to run out all the shoe repair people, and they left some of them there. A\nlot of these Sephardic people went into the shoe repair business perhaps to get\nsome relief from the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=240.0,270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/transcript/19159/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ousters. At any rate, a lot of them were in the shoe business.\n\nBERMAN: Where was your father's store?\n\nALHADEFF: He had one store first in downtown Atlanta near the Candler Building.\nHe later moved to Edgewood Avenue near Boulevard.\n\nBERMAN: The name of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=270.0,300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/transcript/19159/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it?\n\nALHADEFF: I think it was called Edgewood Avenue Shoe Repair.\n\nBERMAN: Did you work there?\n\nALHADEFF: I worked a little bit there now and then. I think in the summertime he\nwould have an ice cream bar outside. I would sell ice cream to people. Mostly,\nit was a shoe repair business.\n\nBERMAN: I know that the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=300.0,330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/transcript/19159/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Sephardic community, from basic history, felt a little\nbit isolated when they first came to Atlanta. Why was that?\n\nALHADEFF: They did not speak Yiddish. I guess they were kind of clannish. It was\nmaybe the middle 1930s there ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=330.0,360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/transcript/19159/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"started to be a little bit more social interaction\nwith the Ashkenaz Jewish bunch. There were several intermarriages back then and\nthen it became rather common between the Sephardics and the Ashkenaz. We pretty\nmuch got together.\n\nBERMAN: What did you speak?\n\nALHADEFF: We spoke Ladino, which is a Spanish. Ladino is about 85 percent\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=360.0,390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/transcript/19159/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Spanish. There is some Greek, Hebrew, and a lot of Turkish words in there\nbecause a lot of Sephardic Jews were from Turkey, the Island of Rhodes, and\nthose Greek islands. I grew up thinking that I knew Spanish real well because we\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=390.0,420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/transcript/19159/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"spoke Ladino at home. I had an interesting experience when I was with some\nfriends who was an Ashkenaz friend. We went to Spain. We went to a restaurant.\nThe waitress had not given me a fork. I asked for a peron. I was showing off\nthat I could speak ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=420.0,450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/transcript/19159/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Spanish with these folks. I asked for a peron. She looked at\nme. I said, \"Peron. Peron. Para comer.\" She said, \"Oh, tenedor.\" The correct\nSpanish word is tenedor but peron is what we called it. Just like the word\n\"watermelon.\" Karpuz. That's a Turkish word. There were a number of words I\nfound out were not ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=450.0,480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/transcript/19159/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"exactly Spanish, but I was able to talk to folks from Spain\nand Mexico. When I worked for the government as a revenue agent, we scheduled a\ntrip for several of us to go to Mexico and teach them how to use the IBM\nequipment. This was way back in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=480.0,510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/transcript/19159/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"1970, I guess. I spoke very well with the\nMexicans, who spoke primarily Spanish. It was one of the reasons I was selected,\nI guess. I have pretty good knowledge of the Spanish language now.\n\nBERMAN: Is Ladino still spoken in the community? Do your children speak it?\n\nALHADEFF: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=510.0,540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/transcript/19159/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"No.\n\nBERMAN: How do you feel about that?\n\nALHADEFF: I'm kind of rusty in it too. It doesn't bother me that much. Ruth, my\nwife, is Ashkenaz. She never tried to learn Spanish. My kids, of course, learned\nsome Spanish in school. They can communicate somewhat but not ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=540.0,570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/transcript/19159/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"really a lot.\n\nBERMAN: Did your family belong to Or VeShalom?\n\nALHADEFF: Yes. My dad was one of the organizers. We've been members since 1915\nor 1916 or thereabouts.\n\nBERMAN: Who was the first rabbi you remember?\n\nALHADEFF: The first one was . . . let me think. Gosh, I can't ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=570.0,600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/transcript/19159/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"think of any.\nDarn, I can't remember his name. It's probably in that book. I haven't looked at\nit in years. Rabbi [Joseph] Cohen was one of the early ones. My brother Charlie\nwas the first bar mitzvah that Rabbi Cohen did over here in Atlanta. All ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=600.0,630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/transcript/19159/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"four of\nus boys were in the service during the war. Two of us were in the navy and two\nin the army. My older brother Morris was at Leyte Island where they dropped the\natom bomb from in World War II to help in this war.\n\nBERMAN: Let's start talking a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=630.0,660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/transcript/19159/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"little bit about your war service. When did you enlist?\n\nALHADEFF: Right after Pearl Harbor I tried to enlist. I wanted to go into the\nnavy. They signed me up but told me they wouldn't be calling me in until they\nhad a class available, which would probably be shortly. In ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=660.0,690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/transcript/19159/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"January, they did\nwrite me to come up to Norfolk, Virginia, for training.\n\nBERMAN: How old were you?\n\nALHADEFF: That was in 1942. I was not quite 23 -- 22 years old.\n\nBERMAN: Why did you want to enlist?\n\nALHADEFF: I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=690.0,720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/transcript/19159/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"felt that I had to. I was so shocked by Pearl Harbor. I had been\nwatching the war closely from news and newspapers and radio. I felt like we had\nto do ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=720.0,750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/transcript/19159/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"something. When Pearl Harbor was attacked, I immediately felt I had to do\nsomething. So, I went ahead and enlisted.\n\nBERMAN: Did you know at the point in time about what was happening to any Jews\nin Europe?\n\nALHADEFF: I pretty much suspected there was a lot. The Kristallnacht had\noccurred earlier. The ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=750.0,780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/transcript/19159/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"newspapers had a good bit of information about the fact\nthat the Jews were being beaten, shot. I had no idea that the concentration\ncamps had been established. I didn't learn about that, really, until I had been\nin the service for a couple of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=780.0,810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/transcript/19159/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"years. There was very, very little said by the\nnewspapers about the brutal treatments.\n\nBERMAN: In the late 1930s and early 1940s before Pearl Harbor, what was the mood\nof the country like? Do you think that the country was ready to go to war before\nPearl Harbor?\n\nALHADEFF: No, I don't think so. I don't think they were quite ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=810.0,840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/transcript/19159/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ready. [President\nFranklin Delano] Roosevelt had been -- the biggest news at the time was that we\nwere going to supply some destroyers to the British because of the German U-Boat\nthreat. But as far as sending volunteers over there, there was no word of that.\nThere was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=840.0,870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/transcript/19159/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"no mention whatsoever made of volunteering to go over there and fighting.\n\nBERMAN: Do you think it was a hard time for Jews in this country because perhaps\nthe Jewish community wanted the United States to enter the war? Did you feel any\nkind of antisemitism during that period?\n\nALHADEFF: At that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=870.0,900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/transcript/19159/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"time, I didn't feel any upturn in antisemitism. There was\nalways a little bit when I was a kid. There was always a few people that would\npick on you or make some cracks. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=900.0,930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/transcript/19159/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We kind of grew up with a little bit of that in\nAtlanta - not a lot. But there was some. It did not get any worse during the war.\n\nBERMAN: What about in your home? Were your parents . . . how did they feel about\nwhat was going on? How did they feel about you enlisting?\n\nALHADEFF: They kind of expected it because we knew that the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=930.0,960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/transcript/19159/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"draft had already\nstarted. I think we were all given numbers, but we didn't know when they would\nbe called in. At that time, I was working at Fort McPherson as an employee\nsending out film to the different posts around the south. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=960.0,990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/transcript/19159/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I was in the film\nroom. I knew what kind of work the soldiers had to do. I said, \"I don't think I\nwould like that. I would kind of prefer the navy.\" Rather than wait for the\ndraft, I went ahead and enlisted in the navy.\n\nBERMAN: I'm sure your parents were frightened for their children.\n\nALHADEFF: Yes, they ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=990.0,1020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/transcript/19159/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were. I'm trying to think. I don't believe any of us were\ndrafted. I think we all volunteered.\n\nBERMAN: Was there, in the family, talk about [Adolf] Hitler and the Nazis? Did\nyou have family left in Europe that you were concerned about?\n\nALHADEFF: I don't ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=1020.0,1050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/transcript/19159/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"believe. I know my mother's parents were still in the Island\nof Rhodes.\n\nALHADEFF: I think that her father died just before the war, so we didn't have\nany concern for family over there at the time, but we were afraid that something\ncould happen.\n\nBERMAN: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=1050.0,1080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/transcript/19159/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Where were you exactly when Pearl Harbor was attacked? Do you remember?\nOr when you heard the news that Pearl Harbor was attacked?\n\nALHADEFF: I believe, I think it was on a Sunday. We were ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=1080.0,1110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/transcript/19159/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at our home on Parkway\nDrive. We were living on Parkway Drive at that time. I'm trying to recall. I\nthink we heard it on the radio and we ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=1110.0,1140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/transcript/19159/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"did discuss right quick. \"We're going to\nhave to get involved with this thing. This is big.\" A big shocker. It was real scary.\n\nBERMAN: Did you feel the whole mood of the country shift?\n\nALHADEFF: Yes. That was the topic of conversation. Everybody was, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=1140.0,1170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/transcript/19159/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"This is\nsomething we're going to have to work on both ends.\"\n\nBERMAN: The real enemy for Americans at first was the Japanese.\n\nALHADEFF: Yes.\n\nBERMAN: Did you feel this hatred toward the Japanese at this time? Did you feel\nthat there was this mood swing in the country?\n\nALHADEFF: Yes. I think there was. I think ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=1170.0,1200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/transcript/19159/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the initial anger was against the\nJapanese, but we knew that it was a combination attack that the Germans probably\nhad assisted the Japanese to some extent.\n\nBERMAN: You served in the Pacific. Correct?\n\nALHADEFF: Yes. The ship . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=1200.0,1230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/transcript/19159/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I was not assigned a ship for about three years. I\nwas working at the [United States] Naval Academy with training. They had\ntraining for Reserve officers. They called them the 90-day wonders. They were\ngiven a very ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=1230.0,1260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/transcript/19159/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"strenuous 90-day training period over at the academy on how to run\na ship and how to handle people. It was a good school. We turned out hundreds\nand hundreds of officers at the academy.\n\nBERMAN: What was your rank?\n\nALHADEFF: Initially, I was just ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=1260.0,1290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/transcript/19159/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a third class yeoman. I moved up to first class.\nWhen I finally got on my ship, I became a chief petty officer. Chief yeoman.\nWhen I was assigned to the ship, that was already 1945. January 1945. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=1290.0,1320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/transcript/19159/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We\ncommissioned the ship in Norfolk. Newport News, right outside of Norfolk. I was\nthe yeoman assigned to put together records and get the men assigned to the\nvarious functions. I was head of the signal ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=1320.0,1350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/transcript/19159/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"corps and the yeoman. I believe our\ncrew was about 240, 250. My job was to keep up their records and make sure they\ngot their training. I did all the training for moving up the ranks. I helped the\ncaptain with ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=1350.0,1380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/transcript/19159/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"whatever he wanted. Anything the captain needed, I had to make sure\nhe got it.\n\nBERMAN: Were you anxious to get on a ship? Were you tired of being at a naval base?\n\nALHADEFF: I was tired of shore duty. I wanted to get out there. I tried to get\nin a submarine. They couldn't get me a class there. They finally called me one\nday and said, \"I think we got you a ship.\" So, they commissioned the ship. It\nwas an ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=1380.0,1410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/transcript/19159/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"unusual ship. It was an LSD. Landing ship dock. It was about the size of\na battleship, but we could drop the tail deck out the back part of the ship,\ndrop the tail, let the water in, and we could float a destroyer into our ship,\nand then we could repair it. We could pull up the well ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=1410.0,1440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/transcript/19159/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"deck and set the\ndestroyer up on blocks and do any repair work that was necessary. It was\ndesigned for this kind of work. It was a pretty tough ship. We were hit by a\nhurricane within a month after we went to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=1440.0,1470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/transcript/19159/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sea. That hurricane did a lot of\ndamage to the ship. We had to get back into Norfolk and get it repaired. It was\nan unusual experience. I was a very fortunate person. I never got seasick. When\nthat hurricane hit us, there were about a crew of 240 or ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=1470.0,1500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/transcript/19159/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"220, and only about 40\nof us were able to do any work. Everybody was seasick. When that hurricane hit,\nwe had in our well deck, which is where these ships would come in, we had 300\narmy passengers we were going to take to Japan. We had a small tank ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=1500.0,1530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/transcript/19159/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"landing ship\nand had a harbor dredge in that ship inside of our well deck. As I said, these\nthings were floated into our ship when we dropped our tail deck and when we\nrecovered the tail gate, I mean set it back up, it had the inside of our ship we\nhad these two items, and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=1530.0,1560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/transcript/19159/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they were big. When we were hit by that hurricane\ncoming out of New York, all hell broke loose. Anybody that was able to, was sent\ndown to surround those two ships in there and hold lines and force lines to keep\nthose things from banging the hull of the ship. When that storm is ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=1560.0,1590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/transcript/19159/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"raging, you\ngot a real, real problem. I'll never forget how you go to the bathroom. You'd go\nto the bathroom, and there were heads in every in one. Everyone was seasick. [Laughing]\n\nBERMAN: That's great. [Laughing]\n\nALHADEFF: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=1590.0,1620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/transcript/19159/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'll never forget that period. It was two days of real stormy weather.\nWe and several other ships, several battleships, were sending out SOS. Get us\nout of here. [Laughing] We did survive it. We got back to port and they repaired\nit. It took them about a month to repair ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=1620.0,1650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/transcript/19159/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it. Then we finally went on through the\ncanal and went to Pearl Harbor. I had a very unusual experience there. One of\nthe army passengers on my ship was discharged, was taken off, along with the\nrest of the army boys at Pearl ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=1650.0,1680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/transcript/19159/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Harbor. My brother, who was at Leyte, where the\natom bomb had been dropped. He and the rest of the Navy Seabees that were on the\nisland were sent back to Pearl Harbor to return back to the states. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=1680.0,1710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/transcript/19159/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This\npassenger that was on my ship . . . we laid in port for about a month because of\nthe hurricane damage. These passengers had been on the ship maybe three months\nalready. So, apparently, they knew the crew. One of them ran into my brother\nMorris in Honolulu, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=1710.0,1740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/transcript/19159/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and he congratulated Morris. Morris was a chief petty\nofficer. He walked up to Morris and congratulated him on being promoted. Morris\nsaid, \"I've had this rank for a year already.\" He said, \"Oh, you were not on the\nColonial?\" That was the ship, the USS Colonial. He said, \"No, my brother is on\nColonial.\" He said, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=1740.0,1770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/transcript/19159/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"Well, Colonial just brought us here, and it's going to be\ncoming back to Pearl Harbor in a day or two.\" My brother said, \"Well, thanks for\ntelling me. Maybe I can catch up to him.\" He went over to the navy yard and\nfound out when we were coming back, and he was there to greet us. That was the\nfirst time I saw my brother in about three years.\n\nBERMAN: That's wonderful.\n\nALHADEFF: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=1770.0,1800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/transcript/19159/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was amazing. It was on Rosh Ha-Shanah that year. We were in\ndowntown Honolulu on Rosh Ha-Shanah getting together. We spent a full day\ntogether. It really was a lucky break. My brother was about four inches taller\nthan me, but we did look a lot alike. This guy had mistaken him for ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=1800.0,1830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/transcript/19159/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"me. It was a\nfortunate experience.\n\nBERMAN: I was wondering. When you started to hear about what was happening to\nthe Jews in Europe, did you, at any point, wish you could have been in the\nEuropean theater instead of the Pacific?\n\nALHADEFF: No, I would guess at about the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=1830.0,1860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/transcript/19159/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"time I learned more about the existence\nof those camps, I was glad that there was some work being done by our troops in\nthat area and that they could clean up the damn ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=1860.0,1890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/transcript/19159/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"mess. I didn't feel like I could\nhave helped a whole lot.\n\nBERMAN: Describe for me what your first couple of weeks as a soldier was like.\n\nALHADEFF: The first few weeks in the training camp at Norfolk, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=1890.0,1920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/transcript/19159/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I learned that I\nwas not in as good a shape as I thought I had been. I had always been active in\nfootball and baseball and tennis. I used to play tennis a lot when I was a kid.\nI had really worked out and I realized that if ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=1920.0,1950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/transcript/19159/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I wanted to do well in the navy\nthat I had better shape up. I really did do some very strenuous workouts. I\nworked really hard at it to make sure I would qualify. I was told to get some of\nthe lard off and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=1950.0,1980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/transcript/19159/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"work it out. And I did.\n\nBERMAN: Were you afraid?\n\nALHADEFF: No, I don't think so. I don't think I was afraid. I never had an\nopportunity to do anything heroic, but I know I worked hard to help make sure\nthat ship didn't go ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=1980.0,2010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/transcript/19159/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"down. We did some pretty hard work that week.\n\nBERMAN: When you wrote letters home, did you write about all of your\nexperiences? Did you write often?\n\nALHADEFF: Yes, I wrote pretty often. I wrote average once a week. I would write\nand tell them what was going on.\n\nBERMAN: Were the letters censored?\n\nALHADEFF: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=2010.0,2040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/transcript/19159/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yes.\n\nBERMAN: Were you told to be careful about what you were saying all of the time?\n\nALHADEFF: Yes. We were told that we're not supposed to be divulging anything\nsecret. We could just talk, basically, about what we were doing but not where or\nwho with.\n\nBERMAN: Loose lips sink ships.\n\nALHADEFF: Yes. It was an excellent trip we ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=2040.0,2070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/transcript/19159/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"took. I kind of enjoyed the navy. It\nwas fun.\n\nBERMAN: Did you make some good friends?\n\nALHADEFF: Yes.\n\nBERMAN: Was it difficult being one of the few Jews on the ship?\n\nALHADEFF: I don't think a single other Jew that I can recognize on that ship\nthat I recognize as a Jewish boy. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=2070.0,2100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/transcript/19159/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The talk was . . . I don't recall any\nantisemitic remarks being made on that ship.\n\nALHADEFF: Everybody was very businesslike. It was a great bunch of guys. They\nwere nice.\n\nBERMAN: Did you keep in touch with anybody?\n\nALHADEFF: A ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=2100.0,2130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/transcript/19159/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"couple of them I stayed in touch with for a while. They later just\ndrifted away. I think after about 20 years or so, I did contact somebody to find\nout about whether there was any ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=2130.0,2160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/transcript/19159/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"group that had worked together to try and build\nup an organization of any kind, memorializing the Colonial. I found that they\ndid have a group. The Colonial was . . . I think the ship ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=2160.0,2190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/transcript/19159/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was used in the Korean\nWar. Then they resigned it to the, what do they call it, the mothball fleet. I\ntook a trip to one of the . . . we went to Charleston [South Carolina]. We had a\ngroup ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=2190.0,2220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/transcript/19159/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"meeting there. We got caps and cups. I got a story here [looking at a\ndocument]. Adventures of the Colonial. It shows the commissioning date, going\nthrough the hurricane, and the typhoons over in the Pacific, Guadalcanal,\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=2220.0,2250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/transcript/19159/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Caledonia, Pearl Harbor, and all the various different places we went to. It\nshowed we covered about . . . in the eight months I was on that ship, we went\nabout 34,000 miles. We covered a lot of ground. We had some good times on it.\n\nBERMAN: Did you ever come close to any action?\n\nALHADEFF: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=2250.0,2280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/transcript/19159/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"No. About the time we got through the canal and got to San Francisco\n[California], that was about the time the atom bomb was dropped and the Japanese\nsigned a peace treaty. Most of the rest of the time, we were going ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=2280.0,2310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/transcript/19159/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"through the\nmotions of finishing up whatever activity it started. Even the army passengers\nthat we had on board, we still had to carry them out there. I don't know why.\nThey were pulling in their ships. They were sending men back. We were still\ntaking a harbor dredge out there to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=2310.0,2340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/transcript/19159/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"build a port at one of the islands. We went\nthrough the motions after August, from then until January or February the\nfollowing year when we came back. There was no more real concern for those\nJapanese submarines.\n\nBERMAN: What did you think about the atom ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=2340.0,2370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/transcript/19159/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"bomb?\n\nALHADEFF: I was pleased that it was dropped. It was something that had to be\ndone. The actual fatalities, in the event had it not been dropped, would have\nbeen ten times what was actually killed by the bomb. It's a horrible thing. The\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=2370.0,2400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/transcript/19159/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Japanese were strong fighters. They never gave up anything. Several of the\nislands that we had conquered were still loaded with snipers that wouldn't give\nup. I've talked to people, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=2400.0,2430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/transcript/19159/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"marines who had been on some of those islands. It was\nmonths after the island had been supposedly cleared up. There was still Japanese\nhiding around still. Even after the peace treaty was signed, there were still\noccasions when there would be ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=2430.0,2460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/transcript/19159/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"some further deaths. Those Japs did not give up\nthose islands easily at all. The bomb was a merciful thing for our troops.\n\nBERMAN: Do you think that even today . . . is that how you felt then or is that\nhow you still feel?\n\nALHADEFF: I felt then and I still feel it. It ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=2460.0,2490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/transcript/19159/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was a measure that had to be taken.\n\nBERMAN: Where were your brothers during their service?\n\nALHADEFF: Jake, the oldest boy, was doing contract termination work for the\n[United States] War Department. It was part of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=2490.0,2520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/transcript/19159/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the war involving the use of\ncorporations and businesses that had contracts with the government. His job was\nto approve contracts and also work out contract terminations when that occurred.\nHe was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=2520.0,2550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/transcript/19159/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a desk job going mostly from Atlanta, New York, and Chicago. Doing that\nkind of travel. Charlie was in the army in England and in France. He was a\nsoldier. Morris was a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=2550.0,2580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/transcript/19159/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"chief yeoman with the Seabee group. The Seabee battalions\nwould be sent to various islands and prepare air fields and do the construction\nof bases so that the Air Force could operate. As I said, he was on the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=2580.0,2610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/transcript/19159/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Leyte\nIsland, which was the home of the Enola Gay.\n\nBERMAN: Charlie, did he see any action during his time in Europe?\n\nALHADEFF: I don't know. I think he had some action in France. He came back way\nahead of me, so I don't ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=2610.0,2640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/transcript/19159/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"know how extensive it was. He never talked to me much\nabout it.\n\nBERMAN: That's interesting that you haven't talked. You didn't talk to your\nbrothers about your war service when you came home?\n\nALHADEFF: Just kind of briefly.\n\nBERMAN: Why do you think?\n\nALHADEFF: I don't know. We generally don't hold ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=2640.0,2670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/transcript/19159/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"back.\n\nBERMAN: Do you think it was too much of a private thing?\n\nALHADEFF: Let's see. I don't know why.\n\nBERMAN: How was the adjustment back to civilian life when you ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=2670.0,2700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/transcript/19159/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"came home?\n\nALHADEFF: It was kind of hard from a carefully disciplined time to cut loose and\nlook around. When I came back, about the first thing I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=2700.0,2730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/transcript/19159/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"did was buy an engagement\nring for my future wife.\n\nBERMAN: What is her name?\n\nALHADEFF: Ruth.\n\nBERMAN: And her maiden name?\n\nALHADEFF: Reicher. She was Ashkenaz. I met her when I was stationed in Annapolis\n[Maryland], at the academy. We had gotten pretty close. When I was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=2730.0,2760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/transcript/19159/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"overseas, we\nwere corresponding pretty regularly. When I got back, about the first thing I\ndid was set a date, and it worked out real good. She's doing well. We've been\nhappy. We've been married 62 years.\n\nBERMAN: Were your parents okay with an Ashkenzi daughter-in-law?\n\nALHADEFF: Yes, they loved her.\n\nBERMAN: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=2760.0,2790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/transcript/19159/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Tom Brokaw once described in a book your generation as the greatest\ngeneration ever. Do you think that's true?\n\nALHADEFF: I wouldn't argue with it. I think we did a wonderful job in helping\nget rid of that parasite over ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=2790.0,2820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/transcript/19159/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there [Adolf Hitler]. The elimination of Hitlerism\nand the Japanese war machine. That was a pretty important contribution to this\nworld. I think the deadly threats that were there ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=2820.0,2850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/transcript/19159/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"had to be wiped out.\n\nBERMAN: How do you see the present generation? How do you compare them?\n\nALHADEFF: I don't know that they would have united like they did back then. They\nmight ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=2850.0,2880.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/transcript/19159/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but I don't think they are as tough as we were.\n\nBERMAN: Why do you think?\n\nALHADEFF: I don't know. We were pushed into a situation. I don't know that . . .\nmaybe if they had similar or identical types of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=2880.0,2910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/transcript/19159/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"threats, we would probably react\nproperly. At that time, the threat and the huge power that the Germans displayed\nearly in the war, that was a serious threat. I distinctly ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=2910.0,2940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/transcript/19159/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"felt that the Germans\n. . . of course, I had read about World War I, and I knew how tough they were\nthen, but when they blitzkreiged [German: lightning war] Poland and when they\nmarched through France and Belgium and Holland in days, that was a huge war\nmachine, and it was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=2940.0,2970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/transcript/19159/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"scary. I think the initial reaction in this country was,\n\"this is bad. This is a huge, huge threat.\" I don't think anybody underestimated\nthe power of the Germans. We felt ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=2970.0,3000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/transcript/19159/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"like this is something that has got to be\nstopped. I don't think there was a whole lot of resistance. War bonds were being\nsold. Celebrities from Hollywood were traveling all over the country selling\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=3000.0,3030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/transcript/19159/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"bonds. People were really reacting to get the thing done. It was a huge, huge\nfeeling among the people that this has got to be eradicated.\n\nBERMAN: Do you think it was mainly after Pearl Harbor or before Pearl Harbor?\n\nALHADEFF: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=3030.0,3060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/transcript/19159/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think it was after Pearl Harbor. I think the Germans had things\npretty much their way for maybe five years or so since 1936, 1937 when [Arthur\nNeville] Chamberlain dropped out and [Sir Winston] Churchill took ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=3060.0,3090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/transcript/19159/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"over. That\nkind of news, everybody was wondering how we could help the British. There was a\ngreat deal of support for helping the British. We knew they had [unintelligible]\nthe Dunkirk thing when ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=3090.0,3120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/transcript/19159/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they had to get out of Europe and cross the Channel. I\nthink everybody recognized that was a remarkable feat by the English to save\nseveral hundred thousand troops. Of course, the battle over England with the\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=3120.0,3150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/transcript/19159/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"huge air raids. It was striking a great deal of concern. I do think that\nBrokaw's book\n\nALHADEFF: was a proper recognition of people. We were ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=3150.0,3180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/transcript/19159/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"scared, yes. We were\nterrified by the power of that German empire. It's hard to realize how\ndevastating that war was. It was bad.\n\nBERMAN: What did you think about the internment of the Japanese in this country?\nDid you give it much thought then, and have you thought about it now?\n\nALHADEFF: I've ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=3180.0,3210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/transcript/19159/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"thought about it. I suppose it was improper. I know they did set\nup camps and keep them there. I'm sure that it was a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=3210.0,3240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/transcript/19159/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"hardship, but I suspect\nthat the people that ran those camps were . . . I hope they didn't do anything\nabusive. I really can't be sure. I've never read any literature that indicated\nthere was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=3240.0,3270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/transcript/19159/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"some bad activities, abuses, or killings. I suspect there was not.\n\nBERMAN: Do you think it was the right thing to do for the time?\n\nALHADEFF: I believe it was the right thing because they didn't know how much\nplanning had been done before the . . . Most of what we read was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=3270.0,3300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/transcript/19159/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about the\nbeginnings of Pearl Harbor, the activity that was going on, was that the\nJapanese had carefully planned the raid even while they were talking peace, they\nhad ships getting fully armed and planes getting fully ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=3300.0,3330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/transcript/19159/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"prepared to attack Pearl\nHarbor. The time when they planned it for Sunday morning when troops would be\neither asleep or maybe incapacitated for any real activity. It was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=3330.0,3360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/transcript/19159/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"incredible\nthat they were still talking peace, and they had all these troops just a few\nmiles away from Pearl Harbor ready to even land on it if they had to. They had a\nhuge fleet just a few miles away. Of course, we claimed that our ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=3360.0,3390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/transcript/19159/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"admirals and\ngenerals were fast asleep and were not aware of what was going on. They may have\nbeen very careless. That was a serious loss.\n\nBERMAN: To get out of the war for a minute, you came back, you got married. What\ndid you do with the rest of your life?\n\nALHADEFF: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=3390.0,3420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/transcript/19159/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I raised a pretty nice family. I have four boys.\n\nBERMAN: What are their names?\n\nALHADEFF: Barry, Irvin, Steve, and David.\n\nBERMAN: What line of work were you in?\n\nALHADEFF: I went into accounting. I worked for the government, the Internal\nRevenue Service, for about 20 ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=3420.0,3450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/transcript/19159/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"years and retired from there. I opened a law\noffice for a while. I've been retired now for about ten years.\n\nBERMAN: Where did you go to school?\n\nALHADEFF: John Marshall [Law School]. I went to Georgia State [University] for\nthe accounting. I became a CPA, and then I passed the bar [exam]. I had both\nkinds of activity.\n\nBERMAN: Did you take advantage of the GI Bill ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=3450.0,3480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/transcript/19159/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to go to school?\n\nALHADEFF: Yes, I sure did. I used it to get both college and law degree.\n\nBERMAN: That's great.\n\nALHADEFF: The GI Bill was wonderful. It was a very helpful thing.\n\nBERMAN: Did any of your boys enter the military?\n\nALHADEFF: No. They were called in for ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=3480.0,3510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/transcript/19159/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Vietnam [War]. They both failed to\nqualify, my two older boys. Barry had problems. When he was born, he had some\nkind of a stomach problem. He couldn't hold his food. When he was a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=3510.0,3540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/transcript/19159/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"month old,\nhe weighed less than when he was born. He couldn't hold his food. As a result,\nwe found a doctor to correct that. He got him straightened out, but he had a lot\nof damage from the lack of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=3540.0,3570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/transcript/19159/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"protein. The food came out faster than we got in in.\nHe wound up, he had a leg problem. He had crossed vision. He was passed by the\nmedical board, but they checked him further and decided they better let him go.\n\nBERMAN: And the second boy?\n\nALHADEFF: He ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=3570.0,3600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/transcript/19159/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"had flat feet. He was in camp for about three weeks. He griped\nabout it, so they sent him home. None of the kids went into the military.\n\nBERMAN: I looked over my sheet. I realized I missed one question I really wanted\nyou to address. Can you describe what a typical day on the Colonial was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=3600.0,3630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/transcript/19159/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"like?\n\nALHADEFF: A typical day. We would hit these islands. Occasionally, we would have\na beer fest. We would bring several cases of beer and we would go to some of\nthese various islands, Espirito Santo [Brazil] and New Zealand. We went to a lot\nof different ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=3630.0,3660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/transcript/19159/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"islands. We would have a full day. This was pretty much after the\nwar was just about over, but we still had our function of carrying those things\naround. We would cut loose and drink a few beers and have a pretty good beer\nparty on the islands and get back to the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=3660.0,3690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/transcript/19159/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ship. Occasionally, we would run into\nother troops. The French troops were on one of those islands. I was the yeoman,\nand I would get these reports from the . . . it was a good job. I would get\nreports from the various ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=3690.0,3720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/transcript/19159/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"shore patrol people, who did what, who had to be\npunished, and what kind of punishment. The French soldiers were nasty. They\ndidn't just fight a regular hand fight. They kicked. Sometimes they would kick\nsomebody's jaw ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=3720.0,3750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/transcript/19159/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"out. Of course, our boys would come back and fight pretty hard.\nI'd get these shore patrol reports. We would make ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=3750.0,3780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/transcript/19159/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ice cream every evening on the\nship. The baker would make all the ice cream. He would make sure to send me a\nbig platter of it because he figured that if he got a bad report from the shore\npatrol, I would be sure to suppress it and make sure it didn't get to the\ncaptain. I remember that. They always treated me real ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=3780.0,3810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/transcript/19159/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"good on the ship because I\nhad the records. I was the person that would tell them that, \"if you do this,\nyou can get promoted to next grade up, and this is what you got to do.\" I had\nall this kind of responsibility. They always treated me good. [Laughing] When\nthe day was gone, we would ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=3810.0,3840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/transcript/19159/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"be floating gently down the ocean. I would sit on the\nback of the ship, maybe have my feet over the tail end. Just sit back and\nstretch and talk and dream. It was pleasant.\n\nBERMAN: That's great.\n\nALHADEFF: Yes. As chief yeoman, they always took good care of me. They figured I\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=3840.0,3870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/transcript/19159/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"had access to all the records. If they needed vacation, they could talk to me\nand I could tell them what they had to do to get one. If they needed a\npromotion, I would tell them how they could get that. I had a lot of latitude.\nIt was fine.\n\nAUDIENCE MEMBER: I was wondering in general what ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=3870.0,3900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/transcript/19159/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you took away from your\nexperience in the navy. What you learned about yourself or about other people,\nthe world. What stayed with you all these years?\n\nALHADEFF: I learned that it was so much more fun just hanging around, talking,\nand getting involved with other people's thinking and their ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=3900.0,3930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/transcript/19159/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ambitions. It was\nvery worthwhile to get involved to try and learn, and I did. That's what I felt\nabout it.\n\nBERMAN: If you, looking back on your life, would you consider your war service\nor your time in the navy . . . how would you consider it comparatively to the\nrest of the activities in your ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=3930.0,3960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/transcript/19159/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"life?\n\nALHADEFF: I considered it very worthwhile. It certainly broadened me to learn\nwhat people want, and what people are anxious to have is contact and\nconversation and maybe a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=3960.0,3990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/transcript/19159/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"feeling of involvement and just being involved with\nother thoughts and not thinking of just your own self but thinking about what\nother people might like and what is beneficial.\n\nBERMAN: Finally, you are very involved. You were at the meeting for Jewish War\nVeterans. How active are you with the Jewish War Veterans?\n\nALHADEFF: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=3990.0,4020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/transcript/19159/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I've been there for . . . a number of years I didn't. When I first\ncame to Atlanta, I took a job with the government. I had to work in Columbus\n[Georgia] for four or five years and then I transferred back to Atlanta. After a\nfew years, I thought I should get involved with the Jewish War Veterans. I had\nbeen a member but had not attended ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=4020.0,4050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/transcript/19159/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"meetings. For the past ten years, I've been\ninvolved with it very closely. For about seven years, I was the quartermaster\nthat handles the funds. I don't do any of the collecting. I do the spending,\nspend the money for the various functions. We have ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=4050.0,4080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/transcript/19159/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"been spending, I don't know,\n$10,000, $15,000, or $20,000 a year in programs at the Veterans Hospital, the\none here in Atlanta and the one in Milledgeville [Georgia]. We put on parties\nfor them. We have bingo ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=4080.0,4110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/transcript/19159/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"monthly. We have a program for blood drives. That's\nmostly what I've been doing. For the last seven or eight years I've been doing\nthat. I try to stay involved with it. We have monthly meetings. We have board\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=4110.0,4140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/transcript/19159/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"meetings on it. We try to keep the people involved and whatever we can to help\nthose veterans who need help.\n\nBERMAN: Are there any younger members?\n\nALHADEFF: Very few. We've got a few. The present commander, Asher Benator, you\nmet him the other day. He was not in World War II. He was in the Korean War.\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=4140.0,4170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/transcript/19159/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's when he got in the service. Asher has taken a big interest.\n\nBERMAN: Anybody from Vietnam or the Gulf War?\n\nALHADEFF: If there are members, we never see them. I always see the older ones.\nMost of the men are in their 80s. A few of them may be in their ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=4170.0,4200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/transcript/19159/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"70s but not too\nmany. It's an old group. We try to getting everybody to pitch in and do some\nwork. A lot of them are just too tired.\n\nALHADEFF: And they don't want to do anything.\n\nBERMAN: You're very active, so it's nice. I very much appreciate you coming here\ntoday and participating in this project. Thank you very much.\n\nALHADEFF: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=4200.0,4230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/transcript/19159/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You are very, very welcome.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=4230.0,4260.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/annotation_set/137","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Annotations [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/annotation_set/137/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRhodes is a Greek island in the Aegean Sea, off the southwest coast of Turkey. It is the largest island of the Dodecanese archipelago and serves as the capital of the Greek Islands.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/annotation_set/137/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSephardic Jews are the Jews of Spain, Portugal, North Africa and the Middle East and their descendants. The adjective “Sephardic” and corresponding nouns Sephardi (singular) and Sephardim (plural) are derived from the Hebrew word ‘\u003cem\u003eSepharad\u003c/em\u003e,’ which refers to Spain. Historically, the vernacular language of Sephardic Jews was \u003cem\u003eLadino\u003c/em\u003e, a Romance language derived from Old Spanish, incorporating elements from the old Romance languages of the Iberian Peninsula, Hebrew, Aramaic, and in the lands receiving those who were exiled, Ottoman Turkish, Arabic, Greek, Bulgarian and Serbo-Croatian vocabulary.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=150.0,180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/annotation_set/137/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eYiddish is the common historical language of Ashkenazi Jews from Central and Eastern Europe. It is heavily Germanic based but uses the Hebrew alphabet. The language was spoken or understood as a common tongue for many European Jews up until the middle of the twentieth century. Although the terms “Yiddish” and “Yid” are sometimes used to refer to Jews, Yiddish is a reference to a person's language and not necessarily their ethnicity, religion, or culture.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=330.0,360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/annotation_set/137/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAshkenazi is an ethnic division of Jews which formed in the Holy Roman Empire in the early 1000’s. They established communities in Central and Eastern Europe.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=360.0,390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/annotation_set/137/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAlso known as ‘Judeo-Spanish,’ Ladino is a Romance language derived from Old Spanish originally spoken in the former territories of the Ottoman Empire (the Balkans, Turkey, the Middle East, and North Africa) as well as in France, Italy, the Netherlands, Morocco, and the United Kingdom.  Today, Ladino is spoken mainly by Sephardic minorities in more than 30 countries.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=360.0,390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/annotation_set/137/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOr VeShalom was established by refugees of the Ottoman Empire, namely from Turkey and the Isle of Rhodes.  The Sephardic/Traditional congregation began in 1920 and was based at Central and Woodward Avenues until 1948 when it moved to a larger building on North Highland Road.  The current building for Or VeShalom is on North Druid Hills Road.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=570.0,600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/annotation_set/137/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRabbi Joseph Cohen received his training for the rabbinate in Turkey and accepted his first pulpit in Havana, Cuba in 1920, where he was spiritual leader of the Congregation Union Hebraic de Cuba. In 1934, he moved to Atlanta, Georgia, and was installed as Rabbi of Congregation Or VeShalom three days after his arrival. In addition to his rabbinical duties, he served as the teacher and principal of Or VeShalom's Hebrew school. Rabbi Cohen was also active at the Atlanta Bureau of Jewish Education, the Adult Institute of Jewish Studies, the Atlanta Jewish Federation, and was the first president of the Atlanta Rabbinical Association. Rabbi Cohen retired in 1969 and died in 1985.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=600.0,630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/annotation_set/137/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA \u003cem\u003ebar mitzvah\u003c/em\u003e [Hebrew: son of commandment] is a rite of passage for Jewish boys aged 13 years and one day. At that time, a Jewish boy is considered a responsible adult for most religious purposes. He is now duty bound to keep the commandments, he puts on \u003cem\u003etefillin\u003c/em\u003e, and may be counted to the \u003cem\u003eminyan\u003c/em\u003e quorum for public worship. He celebrates the \u003cem\u003ebar mitzvah\u003c/em\u003e by being called up to the reading of the \u003cem\u003eTorah\u003c/em\u003e in the synagogue, usually on the next available Sabbath after his Hebrew birthday.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=600.0,630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/annotation_set/137/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLeyte is an island in the Philippines.  The major city is Tacloban City, recently the site of devastation (2013) in a terrible typhoon.  However, during World War II it was the island where General Douglas MacArthur waded ashore, fulfilling his promise to return to the Philippines.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=630.0,660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/annotation_set/137/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWorld War II (often abbreviated to WWII or WW2), also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although related conflicts began earlier. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis. It was the most widespread war in history, and directly involved more than 100 million people from over 30 countries. Marked by mass deaths of civilians, including the Holocaust (in which approximately 6 million Jews were killed) and the strategic bombing of industrial and population centers (in which approximately one million were killed, and which included the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki), it resulted in an estimated 50 million to 85 million fatalities. These made World War II the deadliest conflict in human history.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=630.0,660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/annotation_set/137/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOn December 7, 1941 the Japanese surprised the United States by attacking the United States’ fleet in Honolulu, Hawaii. The ships were all docked in Pearl Harbor. The surprise attack on Pearl Harbor was the beginning of World War II for the United States, which until that time had remained neutral.  A few days later, Germany declared war on the United States as well and we began fighting in the Pacific and Europe.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=660.0,690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/annotation_set/137/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA Jewish youth named Herschel Grynszpan, distraught over the deportation of his family from Germany to Poland in August 1938, went to the German consulate in Paris and randomly shot a German consulate official, Ernst vom Rath.  Vom Rath lived for several days and then died.  Vom Rath’s death was used as a pretext to instigate a state-sponsored pogrom on November 8 and 9, 1938.  Across Germany (and in Austria) Jewish synagogues, homes and businesses were looted and burned, Jews were attacked on the streets and 91 were killed.  Thousands of Jewish men were sent to concentration camps for several weeks and released only when they agreed to leave the country as soon as possible.  The Jews were made to pay for the damages to their premises.  The pogrom was called ‘\u003cem\u003eKristallnacht\u003c/em\u003e,’ which means ‘Night of Broken Glass,’ because of all the damage done to Jewish shop windows.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=750.0,780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/annotation_set/137/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFranklin Delano Roosevelt (1882-1945) was the 32nd President of the United States and a central figure in world events during the mid-twentieth century, leading the United States through a time of worldwide economic crisis and war. Popularly known as ‘FDR,’ he collapsed and died in his home in Warm Springs, Georgia just a few months before the end of the war. He was a Democrat. FDR was an avid horse rider and enjoyed an active early life. He was diagnosed with infantile paralysis, better known as polio, in 1921, at the age of 39. Despite permanent paralysis from the waist down, he was careful never to be seen using his wheelchair in public, and great care was taken to prevent any portrayal in the press that would highlight his disability.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=840.0,870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/annotation_set/137/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eU-Boot (German) stands for ‘Unterseeboot,’ or undersea boat.  The term ‘U-boat’ refers to military submarines operated by Germany in World War I and World War II. The Atlantic Ocean was a major strategic battle zone. After war was declared, German U-boats began to be frequently spotted along the East Coast of the US, where they torpedoed several ships.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=840.0,870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/annotation_set/137/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAdolf Hitler (1889-1945) was a German politician who was the leader of the Nazi Party, Chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945, and Führer (“leader”) of Nazi Germany from 1934 to 1945. As dictator of Nazi Germany, he initiated World War II in Europe with the invasion of Poland in September 1939 and was a central figure of the Holocaust.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=1020.0,1050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/annotation_set/137/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe National Socialist German Workers’ Party (NSDAP), commonly known as the ‘Nazi Party,’ was a political party in Germany active between 1920 and 1945.  The party’s leader was Adolf Hitler. Initially, Nazi political strategy focused on anti-big business, anti-bourgeois and anti-capitalist rhetoric.  In the 1930’s the party's focus shifted to antisemitic and anti-Marxist themes.  Racism was also central to Nazism.  The Nazis aimed to unite all Germans as national comrades, whilst excluding those deemed either to be community aliens or of a foreign race.  The Nazis sought to improve the stock of the Germanic people through racial purity and eugenics, broad social welfare programs, and a disregard for the value of individual life, which could be sacrificed for the good of the Nazi state and the ‘Aryan master race.’  The persecution reached its climax when the party-controlled German state organized the systematic murder of approximately 6,000,000 Jews and 5,000,000 from the other targeted groups.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=1020.0,1050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/annotation_set/137/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Seabees were construction battalions in the United States Navy.  The name comes from the initials of ‘Construction Battalion’ (C-B).  They went in with the invasion forces and built bases, roads and airstrips among many other jobs.  They often did this under enemy fire.  More than 325,000 men served in the Seabees, fighting on six continents in the Pacific.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=1680.0,1710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/annotation_set/137/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eRosh Ha-Shanah\u003c/em\u003e [Hebrew: head of the year; i.e. New Year festival] begins the cycle of High Holy Days. It introduces the Ten Days of Penitence, when Jews examine their souls and take stock of their actions. On the tenth day is \u003cem\u003eYom Kippur\u003c/em\u003e, the Day of Atonement. The tradition is that on \u003cem\u003eRosh Ha-Shanah\u003c/em\u003e, G-d sits in judgment on humanity. Then the fate of every living creature is inscribed in the Book of Life or Death. Prayer and repentance before the sealing of the books on \u003cem\u003eYom Kippur\u003c/em\u003e may revoke these decisions.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=1800.0,1830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/annotation_set/137/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Korean War began when North Korean forces invaded South Korea on June 25, 1950. American troops entered the war in defense of the Republic of Korea to the south against the Soviet-backed Democratic People’s Republic of Korea to the north. Fighting ended on July 27,  1953, when an armistice agreement was signed maintaining a border between the Koreas near the 38th  Parallel and creating the Korean Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) between the two Korean nations that still exists today.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=2190.0,2220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/annotation_set/137/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGuadalcanal is one of the Solomon Islands in the South Pacific. The Guadalcanal campaign, also known as the Battle of Guadalcanal was a military campaign fought between August 7, 1942 and February 9, 1943 on and around the island of Guadalcanal in the Pacific theater of World War II. It was the first major offensive by Allied forces against the Empire of Japan.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=2220.0,2250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/annotation_set/137/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCaledonia, now named New Caledonia, is located in the southwest Pacific Ocean. It is largest island of the French overseas country 750 miles east of Australia.  It is approximately 250 miles long and 25 miles wide.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=2250.0,2280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/annotation_set/137/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe \u003cem\u003eEnola Gay\u003c/em\u003e is a Boeing B-29 Superfortress bomber named after Enola Gay Tibbets, the mother of the pilot, Colonel Paul Tibbets.  On August 6, 1945, during the final stages of World War II, piloted by Tibbets and Robert A. Lewis, it became the first aircraft to drop an atomic bomb. The bomb, code-named \"Little Boy,\" was targeted at the city of Hiroshima, Japan. It caused the near complete destruction of the city. \u003cem\u003eEnola Gay\u003c/em\u003e participated in the second atomic attack as the weather reconnaissance aircraft for the primary target of Kokura. Clouds and drifting smoke resulted in a secondary target, Nagasaki, being bombed instead. After the war, the \u003cem\u003eEnola Gay\u003c/em\u003e returned to the United States, where it was operated from Roswell Army Air Field, New Mexico. In May 1946, it was flown to Kwajalein for the Operation Crossroads nuclear tests in the Pacific, but was not chosen to make the test drop at Bikini Atoll. Later that year, it was transferred to the Smithsonian Institution. In the 1980s, veterans groups called for the Smithsonian to put the aircraft on display. This exhibit lead to a heated debate about exhibiting the aircraft without a proper historical context. The cockpit and nose section of the aircraft were exhibited at the National Air and Space Museum (NASM) in Washington, D.C., for the bombing's 50th anniversary in 1995, amid controversy.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=2610.0,2640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/annotation_set/137/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTom Brokaw (b. 1949) is an American television journalist and author.  He is the author of \u003cem\u003eThe Greatest Generation\u003c/em\u003e (1998) which chronicles the story of D-Day (the Allied invasion of France in June, 1944) through the words and stories of individual men and women. As a result, “the greatest generation” is mentioned often in discussion of American soldiers in World War II.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=2790.0,2820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/annotation_set/137/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWorld War I, also called First World War or Great War, was an international conflict that in 1914–18 embroiled most of the nations of Europe along with Russia, the United States, the Middle East, and other regions. The war pitted the Central Powers—mainly Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Turkey—against the Allies—mainly France, Great Britain, Russia, Italy, Japan, and, from 1917, the United States. It ended with the defeat of the Central Powers.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=2940.0,2970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/annotation_set/137/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWar bonds are debt securities issued by a government to finance military operations and other expenditure in times of war. In practice, modern governments finance war by putting additional money into circulation. The function of the bonds is to remove money from circulation and help to control inflation.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=3000.0,3030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/annotation_set/137/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eArthur Neville Chamberlain was the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from May 1937 to May 1940. Chamberlain is best known for his appeasement foreign policy, and in particular for his signing of the Munich Agreement in September 1938, conceding the \u003cem\u003eSudetenland\u003c/em\u003e region of Czechoslovakia to Nazi Germany.  Chamberlain is famous for returning from Munich, getting off the plane, waving a piece of paper and saying the world had “peace for its time.”  One year later Germany invaded Poland in September 1939 and World War II started.  Chamberlain lasted as prime minister for a few more months and then Winston Churchill was appointed to the post.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=3060.0,3090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/annotation_set/137/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWinston Churchill (1874-1965) was the Prime Minister of Great Britain from 1940 to 1945 and again from 1951 to 1955.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=3060.0,3090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/annotation_set/137/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDunkirk was a pivotal point in World War II history.  In May 1940, the British and French forces were driven back to Dunkirk on the coast of France and just across the Channel from Great Britain.  Surrounded by Germans, several hundred thousand soldiers were about to be wiped out or taken prisoner by the Germans.  Winston Churchill ordered any ship or available boat, large or small, to pick up the stranded soldiers.  Some 861 ships, including any boat that could even remotely float, responded to his call.  In nine days from May 27 to June 4, 1940, 338,226 men (including French, English, Polish, Belgian and Dutch troops) were spirited off the beach under murderous German artillery and aircraft fire at great risk.  Some 40,000 soldiers were not rescued and were captured and left to make their own way home.  All of their equipment and ammunition had to be left behind.  It was a bittersweet victory as Dunkirk was in actuality a terrible defeat.  Winston Churchill called it a “\u003cem\u003emiracle of deliverance\u003c/em\u003e,” while at the same time warning that “\u003cem\u003ewars are not won by evacuation\u003c/em\u003e.” After Dunkirk, Germany controlled of large parts of continental Europe, which came to be known as “Fortress Europe.”\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=3090.0,3120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/annotation_set/137/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGerman bombs repeatedly targeted London, killing thousands of civilians, throughout the war. Between September 7, 1940 and May 21, 1941, the German Luftwaffe (Air Force) strategically bombed 16 British cities. The period of sustained aerial raids became known as “The Blitz” (shortened from the German \u003cem\u003eBlitzkreig\u003c/em\u003e, meaning “lightning war”). More than one million London houses were destroyed or damaged, and more than 40,000 civilians were killed, almost half of them in London. Then, between June and August 1944, Germany fired nearly 8,000 V-1 rockets at London and Southern England in what was called the “Second Blitz.” London was targeted a third time beginning on September 8, 1944, when Germany launched its V-2 rockets. The V-2s killed or wounded over 6,000 people in London, Paris, and Belgium and seriously injured and maimed another 18,000.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=3120.0,3150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/annotation_set/137/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eServicemen’s Readjustment Act of 1944, known informally as the GI Bill, was a law that provided a range of benefits for returning World War II veterans including low-cost mortgages, loans to start business or farms and tuition and living expenses to attend college.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=3450.0,3480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/annotation_set/137/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Vietnam War occurred in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia from November 1, 1955 to the fall of Saigon on April 30, 1975. This war fought between North Vietnam—supported by the Soviet Union, China and other communist allies—and the government of South Vietnam—supported by the United States and other anti-communist allies.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=3510.0,3540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/annotation_set/137/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Jewish War Veterans of the United States of America (also referred to as the ‘Jewish War Veterans,’ or the ‘JWV’) is an American Jewish veterans' organization, and the oldest veterans group in the United States. It has an estimated 37,000 members. (2015)\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=3990.0,4020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/annotation_set/137/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAsher Benator (1931-2013) was a businessman and Jewish community leader in Atlanta who was active in many organizations. He was past president of Or VeShalom, Men’s ORT of Atlanta, and Marcus Jewish Community Center of Atlanta; chairman of Israel Bonds for the State of Georgia; commander of Jewish War Veterans Post 112; board member of Butler Street YMCA; ‘Man of the Year’ for B’nai B’rith and ORT; Southeast Region Israel Bonds Award of Honor; and Lifetime Achievement Award-winner for Jewish Federation of Greater Atlanta. In 1949, Asher was the State of Georgia Golden Gloves boxing champion.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=4140.0,4170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/annotation_set/137/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Persian Gulf War, also called the Gulf War, (1990-1991) was an international conflict triggered by Iraq’s invasion and occupation of neighboring Kuwait in the summer of 1990. The United States led a coalition of NATO allies and the Middle Eastern countries of Saudi Arabia, Syria, and Egypt in an air campaign that began in January 1991. A massive ground offense began in February, which expelled Iraqi forces from Kuwait.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=4170.0,4200.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/index/47229","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Abraham Alhadeff [Index]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/index/47229/annotation/177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Abraham's Background","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=30.0,658.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/index/47229/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Abraham talks about how his parents met and came to America. His father was in the shoe repair business in Atlanta. He also talks about speaking Ladino and his experience using the language when abroad in Spain. He finishes by saying that he and his three brothers all became involved in war service.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=30.0,658.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/index/47229/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'd like to get a little bit of background before we start talking about your war service. ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=30.0,658.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/index/47229/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Alice Barbakoff","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Charlie Alhadeff","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Estrella Alhadeff","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jake Alhadeff","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Morris Alhadeff","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Soloman Alhadeff","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=30.0,658.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/index/47229/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Constantinople","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Edgewood Avenue Shoe Repair","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Island of Rhodes","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ladino","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Leyte Island","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Or VeShalom","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Sephardic","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Sephardim","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Shoe Repair","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=30.0,658.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/index/47229/annotation/182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Start Of The War","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=658.0,1218.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/index/47229/annotation/183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Abraham was inspired to enlist in the Navy after Pearl Harbor. At the time, he wasn't totally aware about what was happening to European Jews outside of Kristallnacht, much less concentration camps. While the Alhadeffs didn't have any family to worry about back in Europe, they were afraid of what could happen.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893#t=658.0,1218.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/29920/file/97893/index/47229/annotation/184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Let's start talking a little bit about your war service. 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