{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/bc3st7gx75/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Gabler, Regina "]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["1986-05-27 (captured)","1986-06-24 (captured)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Agent"]},"value":{"en":["Gabler, Dr. Regina (Interviewee)","Gozansky, Nat (Interviewer)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source"]},"value":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum","Esther and Herbert Taylor Oral History Collection","Jewish Oral History Project of Atlanta Jewish Women of Achievement"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eRegina Gabler Greenberg was interviewed by Nat Gozansky on May 27 and June 24, 1986, in Atlanta, Georgia. \u003c/p\u003e (general)","\u003cp\u003eDoctor Regina Gabler Greenberg was born in the Bronx, New York, in 1912. She was the second of six children born to Julius and Susie Kasindorf Gabler. Her siblings were Milton Gabler, Helen Gabler Crystal Greenfield, Bernard Gabler, Irving Murray Gabler, and Joel \"Danny\" Gabler. Regina grew up in an Orthodox Jewish household, and her family frequently visited and celebrated holidays with extended family. Regina graduated from Hunter College before attending medical school with the support of her family. She graduated from New York Medical College and had her residency at Harlem Hospital, where she met her husband, Dr. Iriving “Greenie” Greenberg. Irving was from Atlanta, Georgia, and a graduate of Emory University Medical School. \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eRegina and Irving married in 1938, and after completing their residencies in New York, they moved to Atlanta. In Atlanta, she was one of the first women physicians and practiced obstetrics and gynecology in Atlanta for almost 50 years. Regina and Irving were instrumental in introducing early ambulation, the practice of having patients walk or move around as soon as possible after surgery to promote recovery and prevent complications, to the Atlanta medical community. During World War II, Regina managed their medical practice while Irving served in the US Army. Regina and Irving adopted two sons, Leonard, who was born in 1947, and Ira, who was born in 1953. \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eRegina was very involved in the Atlanta Jewish community, first becoming involved with Hadassah. She also became active in Federation, the Jewish Community Center, Jewish Family Services of Atlanta. Regina was instrumental in the founding of the Greenfield Hebrew Academy, where both her sons went to school. Irving’s family helped found Congregation Shearith Israel, and Regina and Irving became involved in the congregation as well. Later, Regina would also become involved with Shaarei Shamayim Synagogue. Regina continued to be dedicated to the Atlanta community until her death in 2009. She is buried with Irving and Ira, who both died in 2006, at Crest Lawn Memorial Park in Atlanta. \u003c/p\u003e (bioghist)","\u003cp\u003eIn her interviews, Regina first discusses her grandparents and parents and their immigration journey and careers. She talks about her father’s businesses and her brother’s career in the music industry. She reflects on her childhood in New York and visiting family in New Jersey. She discusses her mother and her mother’s 11 siblings. She reflects on her relationships with her parents and grandparents. She talks about growing up Orthodox and her childhood in New York City. She talks about her schooling, starting with attending Hunter College and moving on to medical school. She reflects on her family’s support of her choice to become a doctor. She talks about her siblings. \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eRegina details her experience in medical school. She discusses meeting her husband during her medical residency. She reflects on the number of fellow Jewish classmates in medical school. She talks about deciding to keep her maiden name while practicing as a doctor. She shares her experience moving to Atlanta and setting up practice there, particularly managing it during World War II while her husband was in service. She details her involvement with Jewish organizations in Atlanta, including Hadassah, Federation, and the Jewish Community Center. She talks about her children and their careers. \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eRegina discusses her involvement with the founding of the Hebrew Academy. She reflects on the importance of having a Jewish education. She reflects on the early years of many Jewish organizations in Atlanta and how they have grown. She recalls the synagogues and congregations in Atlanta and how they have grown and interacted. She talks about Shearith Israel and their rabbis over the years. She recalls formative figures in Atlanta’s Jewish community. She also talks about other female doctors in Atlanta and how misogyny has affected her career. She talks about Zionism. The interview concludes with her reflecting on how Atlanta has changed over the years. \u003c/p\u003e (scope content)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject"]},"value":{"en":["Chase, Joy Garson Howard Kunian (1924-2016) (personal name)","Fischer, Dr. Louise (personal name)","Fischer, Dr. Luther C. (1871-1953) (personal name)","Frankel, Ephraim (1930-2012) (personal name)","Friedman, Rabbi Hyman R. (Chaim Raphael) (1913-2000) (personal name)","Gabler, Bernard “Barney” (1915-1974) (personal name)","Gabler, Irving Murray (1920-1942) (personal name)","Gabler, Joel \"Danny\" (1922-2007) (personal name)","Gabler, Julius (1885-1965) (personal name)","Gabler, Milton (1911- 2001) (personal name)","Gabler, Susie Kasindorf (1891-1979) (personal name)","Gambrell, Dr. Winton Elizabeth (1903-1989) (personal name)","Garson, Frank (1886-1955) (personal name)","Geffen, Rabbi Tobias (1870-1970) (personal name)","Goldstein, Rubye Eplan (1899-1991) (personal name)","Goodman, Benny (1909-1986) (personal name)","Gozansky, Nathaniel “Nat” E. (b. 1940) (personal name)","Greenberg, Ira (1953-2006) (personal name)","Greenberg, Dr. Irving \"Greenie\" (1911-2006) (personal name)","Greenberg, Leonard (b. 1947) (personal name)","Greenfield, Helen Gabler (1914-2001) (personal name)","Heisler, Rabbi Arnold (1921-2018) (personal name)","Holiday, Billie (born Eleanora Fagan; 1915-1959) (personal name)","Kahn, Edward M. (1895-1984) (personal name)","Kasindorf, Albert (1897-1969) (personal name)","Kasindorf, Herman (1888-1980) (personal name)","Kasindorf, Isaac (unknown-1915) (personal name)","Kasindorf, Louis (1899-1918) (personal name)","Kasindorf, Mary Bass (unknown-1935) (personal name)","Kasindorf, Mildred (1909-1965) (personal name)","Kasindorf, Sidney (1904-2001) (personal name)","Kavey, Lillian “Lee” Kasindorf (1889-1986) (personal name)","Kogen, Rabbi Judah (b. 1949) (personal name)","Krauser, Dorothy “Dora” Kasindorf (1896-1959) (personal name)","Krick, Edward “Ed” David (1916-2000) (personal name)","Krick, Gertrude Fierman (1916-2018) (personal name)","Lahman, Dr. Rose Abron (1907-2001) (personal name)","Litvinoff, Emanuel (1915-2011) (personal name)","Massell, Sr., Benjamin J. (1886-1962) (personal name)","Medintz, Barney (1910-1960) (personal name)","Mossman, Rabbi Sydney K. (1913-1971) (personal name)","Portman, Jr., John Calvin (1924-2017) (personal name)","Reisman, Nathan (personal name)","Rosenberg, Samuel H. (1905-1962) (personal name)","Rosumoff, Gertrude “Gertie” Kasindorf (1893-1977) (personal name)","Szold, Henrietta (1860-1945) (personal name)","Travis, Bertha “Bert” Edison (1902-1978) (personal name)","Weiniger, Berdie Kasindorf (1902-1993) (personal name)","Wenger, Dr. Nannette (personal name)","Wilson, Rabbi Marc H. (personal name)","Zalman, Elijah ben Shlomo (Vilna Gaon) (1720-1797) (personal name)","Agnes Scott College (corporate name)","Ahavath Achim Synagogue (corporate name)","Alonei Yitzchak (corporate name)","American Jewish Committee (AJC) (corporate name)","AMIT (corporate name)","Apollo Theater (corporate name)","Atlanta Bureau of Jewish Education (ABJE) (corporate name)","Atlanta Jewish Community Center (corporate name)","Atlanta Service Guild (corporate name)","Atlanta Symphony (corporate name)","Atlanta Women's Medical Association (corporate name)","Beth Jacob Synagogue (corporate name)","Boulevard Hospital (corporate name)","Bureau of Jewish Education (corporate name)","Camp Barney Medintz (corporate name)","Chrysler Building (corporate name)","Commodore Records (corporate name)","Congregation Anshi S'fard (corporate name)","Congregation Beth Jacob (corporate name)","Congregation Or VeShalom (corporate name)","Congregation Shearith Israel (corporate name)","Crawford W. Long Memorial Hospital (corporate name)","Decca Records (corporate name)","Duke University (corporate name)","Emory University (corporate name)","Emory University School of Medicine (corporate name)","Epstein School (corporate name)","Ethical Culture Fieldston School (ECFS) (corporate name)","Georgia Baptist Hospital (corporate name)","Grady Memorial Hospital (corporate name)","Hadassah (corporate name)","Harlem Hospital Center (corporate name)","Hebrew Academy (corporate name)","High Museum of Art (corporate name)","Hudson Tube (corporate name)","Hunter College (corporate name)","Ivria (corporate name)","Jewish Community Center (corporate name)","Jewish Educational Loan Fund (corporate name)","Jewish Family Services (corporate name)","Jewish Federation of Greater Atlanta (corporate name)","Jewish Physicians and Dentists Social Club (corporate name)","Jewish Theological Seminary of America (corporate name)","Jewish War Veteran Ladies Auxiliary (corporate name)","Jewish Welfare Fund (corporate name)","L. Gabler and Sons (corporate name)","League of Women Voters (corporate name)","Louis Kahn Group Home (corporate name)","Macy's (corporate name)","Manhattan General Hospital (corporate name)","Margaret Sanger Clinic (corporate name)","Na’amat (corporate name)","National Council of Jewish Women (corporate name)","National Wildlife Federation (corporate name)","New York Medical College (corporate name)","ORT (corporate name)","Pioneer Women (corporate name)","Planned Parenthood (corporate name)","Rock Springs Elementary School (corporate name)","Samna (corporate name)","Savage School for Physical Education (corporate name)","Sheffield Clinic (corporate name)","The Temple (Hebrew Benevolent Congregation) (corporate name)","Torah Day School of Atlanta (TDSA) (corporate name)","Torah Umesorah (corporate name)","UHCA (United Hot Clubs of America) (corporate name)","United Jewish Appeal (corporate name)","United Way (corporate name)","University of Colorado (corporate name)","University of Georgia (corporate name)","William Bremen Jewish Heritage Museum (corporate name)","William Breman Jewish Home (corporate name)","Yeshiva Atlanta (corporate name)","Atlanta, Georgia (geographic term)","Bayonne, New Jersey (geographic term)","Borough Park, New York (geographic term)","Boston, Massachusetts (geographic term)","Boulder, Colorado (geographic term)","Bronx, New York (geographic term)","Brooklyn, New York (geographic term)","Fort McPherson (geographic term)","Israel (geographic term)","Long Island, New York (geographic term)","Miami, Florida (geographic term)","Morningside/Lenox Park (geographic term)","New Rochelle, New York (geographic term)","New York City, New York (geographic term)","Port Chester, New York (geographic term)","Rostov-on-Don, Russia (geographic term)","Safed, Israel (geographic term)","St. Louis, Missouri (geographic term)","Throggs Neck, New York (geographic term)","Vienna, Austria (geographic term)","Bombing of Pearl Harbor (named event)","Great Depression (named event)","World War I (named event)","World War II (named event)","1918 flu pandemic (named event)","Antisemitism (other)","Bar mitzvah (other)","Bright's disease (other)","Cheder (other)","Conservative Judaism (other)","Integration (other)","Obstetrics and Gynecology (other)","​​Orthodox Judaism (other)","Polio (other)","Reform Judaism (other)","Segregation (other)","“Strange Fruit” (other)","Typhoid fever (other)","Yiddish (other)","Zionism (other)"]}}],"summary":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eRegina Gabler Greenberg was interviewed by Nat Gozansky on May 27 and June 24, 1986, in Atlanta, Georgia.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDoctor Regina Gabler Greenberg was born in the Bronx, New York, in 1912. She was the second of six children born to Julius and Susie Kasindorf Gabler. Her siblings were Milton Gabler, Helen Gabler Crystal Greenfield, Bernard Gabler, Irving Murray Gabler, and Joel \"Danny\" Gabler. Regina grew up in an Orthodox Jewish household, and her family frequently visited and celebrated holidays with extended family. Regina graduated from Hunter College before attending medical school with the support of her family. She graduated from New York Medical College and had her residency at Harlem Hospital, where she met her husband, Dr. Iriving \u0026ldquo;Greenie\u0026rdquo; Greenberg. Irving was from Atlanta, Georgia, and a graduate of Emory University Medical School.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eRegina and Irving married in 1938, and after completing their residencies in New York, they moved to Atlanta. In Atlanta, she was one of the first women physicians and practiced obstetrics and gynecology in Atlanta for almost 50 years. Regina and Irving were instrumental in introducing early ambulation, the practice of having patients walk or move around as soon as possible after surgery to promote recovery and prevent complications, to the Atlanta medical community. During World War II, Regina managed their medical practice while Irving served in the US Army. Regina and Irving adopted two sons, Leonard, who was born in 1947, and Ira, who was born in 1953.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eRegina was very involved in the Atlanta Jewish community, first becoming involved with Hadassah. She also became active in Federation, the Jewish Community Center, Jewish Family Services of Atlanta. Regina was instrumental in the founding of the Greenfield Hebrew Academy, where both her sons went to school. Irving\u0026rsquo;s family helped found Congregation Shearith Israel, and Regina and Irving became involved in the congregation as well. Later, Regina would also become involved with Shaarei Shamayim Synagogue. Regina continued to be dedicated to the Atlanta community until her death in 2009. She is buried with Irving and Ira, who both died in 2006, at Crest Lawn Memorial Park in Atlanta.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn her interviews, Regina first discusses her grandparents and parents and their immigration journey and careers. She talks about her father\u0026rsquo;s businesses and her brother\u0026rsquo;s career in the music industry. She reflects on her childhood in New York and visiting family in New Jersey. She discusses her mother and her mother\u0026rsquo;s 11 siblings. She reflects on her relationships with her parents and grandparents. She talks about growing up Orthodox and her childhood in New York City. She talks about her schooling, starting with attending Hunter College and moving on to medical school. She reflects on her family\u0026rsquo;s support of her choice to become a doctor. She talks about her siblings.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eRegina details her experience in medical school. She discusses meeting her husband during her medical residency. She reflects on the number of fellow Jewish classmates in medical school. She talks about deciding to keep her maiden name while practicing as a doctor. She shares her experience moving to Atlanta and setting up practice there, particularly managing it during World War II while her husband was in service. She details her involvement with Jewish organizations in Atlanta, including Hadassah, Federation, and the Jewish Community Center. She talks about her children and their careers.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eRegina discusses her involvement with the founding of the Hebrew Academy. She reflects on the importance of having a Jewish education. She reflects on the early years of many Jewish organizations in Atlanta and how they have grown. She recalls the synagogues and congregations in Atlanta and how they have grown and interacted. She talks about Shearith Israel and their rabbis over the years. She recalls formative figures in Atlanta\u0026rsquo;s Jewish community. She also talks about other female doctors in Atlanta and how misogyny has affected her career. She talks about Zionism. The interview concludes with her reflecting on how Atlanta has changed over the years.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"]},"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/public/images/audio-default.png","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - Regina_Gabler.mp3"]},"duration":11335.36653,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/public/images/audio-default.png","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-thebreman.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/292/487/original/Regina_Gabler.mp3?1758737351","type":"Audio","format":"audio/mpeg","duration":11335.36653,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Gabler, Regina [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e This is an interview with Dr. Regina Gabler for the AJC [American Jewish Committee], NCJW [National Council of Jewish Women], Women of Achievement Oral History Project by Nat Gozansky at Dr. Gabler's home on May 27, 1986. Tell me, Doctor, if you would, what you can recall of your grandparents and what you know of their background.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=15.0,42.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e I know much more about my mother's family than I do about my father's, so I'll speak of my father first and get that out of the way. My father was born in a suburb of Vienna [Austria]. I do not know the name of the town. I tried to find out from my older brother, but he didn't recall it. It was sufficiently close so that my own father could go to the gymnasium for his education there. My grandfather did some building and was a carpenter and my grandmother, his wife, was a sweet old lady, but I really have no information. I don't even know her maiden name and their name was Gabler, and this name was continued here. The family came here via my father, who came to America at the age of 14 and started some sort of business. I think he was working with some people he knew. I don't believe he was a peddler at the beginning but did earn enough money to bring his family over. I don't know if they came all together or one by one. My father really was a self-educated man here, but he was very wise, and I know he used to help me with my algebra and geometry when I was growing up. The family who came over eventually consisted of three brothers, his three brothers, and there was a sister who I believe, the sister and the youngest brother, I believe, were born here in this country. The sister died at an early age in an automobile accident of some kind. I knew only my uncles. At about the time of his marriage, my father, at that time, was in a hardware and electrical supply business, which he owned. He had taken his father in as a partner. At the time his marriage, his father told him that the business could not support two families. My father left that business to his own father and opened up another similar business elsewhere. Through the years he was in a variety of businesses. I understand that at one time he owned a laundry.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=42.0,208.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e This is your father?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=208.0,209.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e My own father. The other members of his family, his father who took in my father's brothers eventually opened a business or continued in business as the L. Gabler and Sons on Vesey Street in New York, which continued for many, many years. But there is one surviving brother, the youngest one, who now I believe is 80 years old.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=209.0,240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Still in New York?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=240.0,241.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e Still in Bayonne, New [Jersey], that's where they lived through those years. To go back to my father, there was a time that he owned a laundry. There was a time during the war years that he worked as a motor man on the trolley cars. The company did not recognize that he was Jewish. They didn't recognize that Gabler was a Jewish name, and during the war years, he worked there. He did not have to go into service because he had several children at the time. Later, my father went back into the hardware business and added the electrical supplies. At one time he had several, at the time of the Second World War, he had several businesses of that type. One shop was on Lexington Avenue and corner of 42nd Street and another was on 42nd Street around the corner across the street from the Chrysler Building. The children helped in the stores on Christmas holidays. My father did go into business on Saturday because he had to support his family. We did go down on Saturdays and help him. That's how we earned our allowances. I know I helped him by doing the invoices and also some sales. My older brother brought music into this business, and eventually this became a very popular part of the business. They then increased and added radios, and in the future, the television, eventually. My brother became very knowledgeable in jazz music, and he founded the Hot Jazz Club Of America, which actually became international. He became very well known in this field and eventually the Decca Company employed him, and he became a vice president in charge of repertoire and something else. He recorded many of the musicians in this country and other countries. He discovered several famous singers and musicians like Benny Goodman and some of the others. Eventually, on the side, he started a company to produce his own records, the Commodore label, on the Commodore Music Corporation. Which became well known and produced some very, very fine records, one of which I remember was called “Strange Fruit” with Billie Holiday singing. I believe she was one of my brother's discoveries too. He also opened another shop on the West Side, in the theatrical district, about 56th Street. Businesses did very well, and the family went on to open a factory in Yonkers to produce their own records. Unfortunately, it was the time of the war and things were rationed, they couldn't get materials. It took them a number of years to get their equipment and as a result they fell far behind in their schedule to open and to produce their records. Then about the time they were getting really started, some of the other businesses were undercutting the cost of the records. For instance, there was a big company which opened in the Chrysler building across the street from my father's shop. Who were selling records at a price lower than what my father's business could sell the records for or could buy them for. Business became very poor from that point of view. Eventually, the Commodore Music Company factory also had to stop producing their own records. I think they did press records for other companies. But eventually, because of the fact that the long-playing records had come into being and other problems, they eventually produced what they called the biscuits to make the disks for records. This recipe was stolen by a former worker and sold to the Borden's company, who had some company producing these. Eventually there was a suit, which was eventually settled and far inadequately compensated the family for this loss. That business eventually, I don't know whether it was closed or whether it sold, and that was lost. Then finally, the shop on 56th Street went and then the one on 42nd Street was sold. My brother continued with the Decca Company for many, many years until he retired. He's prominent in the music field. He's received many awards. He does produce some of these records on request from the masters that he has. Incidentally, he has written lyrics for many songs, some of which were hits. That's Milton Gabler, is his name.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=241.0,623.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e He's really had a successful career in the music . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=623.0,626.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes. Instead of going on with my own family, I'll skip over to my mother's family.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=626.0,640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Let me just, before you do that, just so I have it clear in my mind, the family business that started out in hardware and electronics, which your father started, when he finally goes out of business, this is after the war?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=640.0,657.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=657.0,658.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Is this at a time when he's retiring anyway and your brother has got himself set with Decca, I'm just trying to . . . ?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=658.0,665.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e My brother had been with Decca many, many years by that time. My father continued working even into his late years. He died at the age of 79, and he used to go down to the business part of the day, every day, and he just continued with it. The business went on for a long time. He died, I think, 21, I can't even remember, 21 years ago.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=665.0,698.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e By then, all these shops had been sold?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=698.0,701.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes. His brothers continued in their business until they eventually retired and sold it. There's really not much information I have about his family. It was a small family. There were few relatives here. From time to time I have gotten letters from people wanting to know if we were related to the Gablers. I think we find Gablers here and there, most everywhere, but in very few numbers. There are two others, I think, in Atlanta now.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=701.0,739.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e The Gablers stayed in New York?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=739.0,741.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e In Bayonne, New Jersey.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=741.0,743.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e In Bayonne, New Jersey.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=743.0,745.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e We used to see them about every two weeks. My mother would take . . . and my father would take us on this long journey out there by sometimes subway and Hudson Tube and then a train there or we'd go by a subway and take the ferry across and then the railroad down there for a short distance to Bayonne. It was a long trip with six children, but we got there about every two weeks. We loved going there. Their home was very interesting. They were very good, sweet people. My grandfather was something of an autocrat, though. When they would come to visit us with their family, as soon as dinner was over, Grandpa was ready to go. When he said go, everybody had to pick up and leave. Everybody was having a good time and wanted to stay, but they went. My mother comes from a family with a lot of what we call yichus. Do you know what yichus is? They always said that they were the seventh or maybe it was a mother, was the seventh generation, direct descendant of Vilna Gaon. They took a lot of pride in that. My mother's mother, my maternal grandmother was the daughter of a rabbi in a line of rabbis and there were many other illustrious people. I remember one time being taken to a synagogue in Brooklyn when I was a very young child, perhaps I was five or six years old, because this relative was a speaker at the synagogue, a visiting speaker. I don't know whether he was the malamud [Hebrew: teacher], which means teacher, but yet he was there as a speaker, I guess he was better known for more than that. There were physicians, a number of physicians, mainly in Russia. My grandparents came from Rostov in Russia, as I said, my grandmother came from this illustrious family, and they were rather wealthy. She took some dancing lessons, and there she met my grandfather, who was a dancing teacher, although he had some other business, but he was teaching dancing, and they fell in love. Her parents were opposed to this marriage because he wasn't well enough . . . he didn't have enough background, let me say, and they were opposed to it and wanted her to marry some redheaded gentleman whom she couldn't stand. I don't know whether my grandfather was about to be conscripted into the Russian army, but he was going to leave for America. They were wed secretly in a secular marriage at that time, so that when her parents wanted her to marry this other man, she could say she was already married. Of course, they were horrified at that. He came on to America, and she followed very shortly after. They had their Jewish wedding here in New York City.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=745.0,968.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e About when was this?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=968.0,972.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e This must have been in the late 1880's or about 1890, I think. Let's see, maybe it was even earlier. Mother would be 94 years old now if she were living and she had an older sister and brother. Let's see the brother was about four years older, that would be about 100 years ago. That would be 1886, they must have been married, probably around 1884 or 1885.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=972.0,1012.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e They were part of that first wave of Eastern European Jews to come into New York.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=1012.0,1017.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e My grandfather . . . his other business was a tailor as well as a dancing teacher because he went into business in New York and later his brothers came over and went into business with him, and they manufactured ladies and gentlemen's suits. I don't know if they also manufactured dresses, but I know my mother spoke of the suits. Perhaps it was more my mother at one time was a model in their business. My grandfather's family I do not know much about except that there was a long story my mother used to tell me about it, and I have a tape somewhere which I could not find about the background about my grandfather's parents or his father where the parents had died and they were raised by some other people. There's not much I can enlighten you about on that side of the family. One of the brothers here became a businessman aside from the other tailoring business and became a very wealthy man. The others, I think, were all in that business. One brother became a shoe salesman, a traveling shoe salesmen. The other two, I presume, died while they were still in the business.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=1017.0,1129.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Was the business large enough that they were employing a lot of . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=1129.0,1133.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e I think so. I don't know how large it was, but there were other employees, I'm sure, beside themselves, it was a factory.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=1133.0,1140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e They were caught up in that classic environment of that period, and they were fairly successful because they were employing the immigrants as opposed to being among the employed.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=1140.0,1155.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e My grandparents had 12 children. My mother was one of 12. One died at a very early age of what was called infantile diarrhea, what we would call infantile diarrhea, whether it was typhoid fever or something else I do not know. I don't think it was typhoid, though, but one of these intestinal ailments. The others grew to adulthood. One very brilliant young man died at the age of 19 in the flu epidemic of World War I. The oldest child was a boy, and he did go to St. Louis [Missouri] to medical school. I forgot to tell you about my grandmother's brothers . . . anyway.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=1155.0,1207.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e We got plenty of time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=1207.0,1211.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e My uncle went to St. Louis to study medicine, and he went there because one of my mother's uncles was practicing medicine there. Dr. Bernard Blass. He had another brother who practiced medicine in California, Dr. Leo Blass. Dr. Leo Blass eventually went to Israel at the time of the establishment of the State of Israel. He went to help in the war effort. He was diabetic and he sustained a wound in his hand from which he developed an infection and subsequently succumbed. He's buried in a cemetery in Safed, we say Safed, S-A-F-E-D. The other brother was a genius, Bernard Blass. He was very well known as a surgeon, he was a musician, he was an artist, he was a very brilliant young man. However, he had the misfortune of developing cancer in his stomach, and he died in New York. He'd come there to be taken care of by my grandmother and her family. He died and my second brother was named for him. He died about 68 years ago. Those were the only three children that I . . . no, there was another sister. There was a sister who moved to California and raised her family there. As far as I know, they were only the four children, the girls and two boys. My mother's sisters, she had six sisters and the five brothers, four of whom had grown up, one of whom died at 19. The brother who had studied medicine gave it up because his father was very ill. Then eventually the war started too. He had to come and help support the family because it was a flock of children. He gave up the study of medicine. He was a brilliant man. He eventually became a furrier, well-known furrier in New York. In his late years, I think when he retired . . . no, there was a failure in the fur business, he had to lose his business, and he became a bookkeeper. I don't know whether he was an accountant. He might have been an accountant, and he remained in that business until he finally retired and then died. He was a very accomplished man. He did some very marvelous fretwork, making beautiful objects, small replicas of famous buildings, picture frames, things of that sort. I think he has some that have been... I don't know whether they're in museums, but they've been on display in various places. When he was 91, he started making gifts for the children, the nieces, nephews, and we have a pair of frames of fretwork that he made for us when he was 91 years of age. He died at the age of 93. The next child was my mother's older sister, Lee Kavey and she was Lillian Kavey.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=1211.0,1458.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Kavey is your mother's maiden name?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=1458.0,1459.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e No, Kasindorf. I believe in Europe it was Kazinsov, but when they came to the states, when my grandfather came, it became Kasindorf, K-A-S-I-N-D-O-R-F. My grandmother's name I have written down somewhere. She was a very brilliant, very well-educated woman. She was very well versed in Hebrew literature and the Bible, all that, after all, her father was a rabbi. She wrote poetry, some of which is in the Jewish Encyclopedia, I'm told. The family has many poems that are written in Yiddish, which nobody has that translated because the kids understood it, but the grandchildren have it somewhere, but they need to have it translated. To get back to my Aunt Lee, she went through the Ethical Culture School, she was a gymnast, and she and my sister were Zionists. As a matter of fact, Henrietta Szold attended my mother's wedding and gave her a beautiful menorah as a wedding gift. Aunt Lee was married at about the age of 19, and she and her husband moved to Port Chester, New York, where they started some sort of business, which I do not know, but did go into the banking business. Aunt Lee became the first woman banker perhaps in the United States. She became very fluent in languages. She eventually could speak seven languages, picked them up very easily. She spoke Italian very well. There were many Italian customers. Incidentally, they started a travel agency, too, in Port Chester. She's traveled all over the world. As a member of the conservative movement, she did a tremendous amount of work for the Jewish Theological Seminary of America. She helped start some of their big projects there. She helped establish a home for women there as part of it. I've forgotten . . . not being a member that movement, I don't know the exact details. She did so much for them, she was a speaker for them all over the country. She was honored by them some years ago. She was the first woman honored by the Jewish Theological Seminary at their annual conclave in Miami [Florida]. A few years later, she was honored by the Women's Division of that same organization. She died a few weeks ago, two weeks ago and was buried at the age of almost 97. If she had lived, she would be 97 July 19. She was honored, the two of the chancellors from the seminary did attend a funeral and one did speak very beautifully of her, giving her a whole list of accomplishments was tremendous. In Port Chester, she was known for all that she had done there for the community. She was a very brilliant woman, and we came to know her very well because she came down here to attend the Women's Bankers Convention in 1969. We insisted that she come and spend a weekend with us. While she was here, we know that she was having pain and spoke with her. Found out that all she was doing was she'd call the doctor, and she'd run by. She was too busy to go for examination; he'd send his nurse down with some samples for her. Evidently, antacids, and that's all she was doing. We knew that if she went back home, she'd get back into her own routine. We insisted she'd have studies here, and it showed that she had an advanced carcinoma of the colon. She insisted that my husband do the surgery. My husband is Dr. Irving L. Greenberg. Although we tried to persuade her to go back home where her whole family was, she insisted, as a matter of fact, wouldn't let us tell her family until she had was about three days post-operative before she'd let us tell them. But as a result of that, after surgery, she stayed with us a number of weeks, and she came back six months later for what we call a second look operation. She stayed with a number weeks then, and through the year she would come back periodically. We grew to know her very intimately and became very, very fond of her. I think she was the most prominent of the sisters. My mother was next in line, and she was a very brilliant woman. Unfortunately, when she was in fifth or sixth grade, she became very, very ill, and they had to take her out of school. She never went beyond that grade, but I'd put her up to Aunt Lee any time. She was a woman who was very active. First of all, she married at 18, and then the children started to come. She gave birth to six and had a few miscarriages on the way. She had a lot of illness. When I was eight months old, she had to be operated on, had acute appendicitis. That was the first of her many surgical procedures. She was in business with my father. When they had the laundry, she worked along with them. As a matter of fact, for the first laundry they had, their apartment was separated from the front of the store, and she divided the back into rooms by sheets and separated the kitchen from the bedrooms and the bathrooms. She worked along with him and raised the children. When he was in the hardware store, she, I think, in the early years was there, but later did not go to business. She was active in many organizations, incidentally all the sisters were. My grandmother was very highly honored by the many organizations that she belonged to. At the time her funeral took place, she was even taken into the synagogue, which was very, very rare for anything like that to happen, especially to a Jewish woman. The children took after her in that regard, and they were very active in things like Ivria and Hadassah, the Jewish home for the aged in New York, some institution for boys, I've forgotten the name of it. All of them participated. To get back to mother, she also was very active that way. As a matter of fact, I once kidded her. I said that mother has five presidencies, but only two vices. She was a very talented woman. My mother was a wonderful cook, a wonderful baker. She could sew. As a matter of fact, when we were small, she made all our clothes, including the boys, including overcoats, things of that sort. She could knit and crochet and do bead work. She could do everything. How she did it, I don't know. I didn't acquire those talents from her. There was one time I heard this story, I don't know if you want all this in it, but there was a talk when my uncle Bernard Blass was visiting one time, he wanted to take my mother back to St. Louis and let her study and go into medicine. But Aunt Lee, who was older, also decided she wanted to go into medicine. Since they both couldn't go, neither of them went. That's how it ended up. But I think my mother would have made a wonderful physician. She was a great counselor, and people came to her from everywhere. In her late years, there were two periods of time when she lived with us, when she was very ill. This was after my father had died. She had made many friends through the years here on her visits, and everyone loved her. Sometimes I could hear people, and she'd be in the bedroom on the bed if she was ill, and I could hear her speaking to them, and the advice she gave them was so appropriate and incisive, I really thought it was very remarkable. Mother thought she was half a physician, anyway. She had six children with all the illnesses and surgeries that went on. She knew a great deal. It was a funny story, if you have time for it. I had a call from a patient once. I was in her bedroom, used her phone, and I was asking the women questions about her problem, which obviously, to Mother was a vaginitis. She could tell from the questions and I giving the advice to the patient of what to do. My mother was saying, \"Tell her to use Octagon soap.\" I don't know if you ever knew what Octagon soap was.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=1459.0,2142.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, I remember that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=2142.0,2143.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e Tell her use Octagons soap. I kept talking and I'd hear mother say, \"Tell her to use Octagon soap.\" I finally hung up, and I turned to mother, and I said, \"Mother, you treat your patients your way and I'll treat my patients my way.\" But she really was very good at medicine. Let's see . . . as I said, Mother had a great deal of illness, and she suffered for many, many of her late years. She kept going all the time. She never let anything stop her, and then finally, after the second time she lived with us, she was very depressed about being away from the rest of the family in New York. She was afraid her brother or sister might die and she wouldn't be there. She insisted upon going home, and we said it would be all right as long as she would have somebody to live in with her, the nurse attendant. She finally agreed to this. Previously, any time she was ill, and we'd get nurses there, for my father or my mother, they dismissed them. She did, and she had very good care after that, but she did begin to go downhill when she wasn't independent anymore. She died at the age of 88, six years ago. Her other sisters were very brilliant women, but they were in business really until they married. A number of them were poets. My Aunt Lee was a poet, and my Aunt Gertie, the younger . . . there was another, Aunt Berdie was a poet and the youngest one, who was the first of the sisters to die, and while she was very close to my age, she was only three years older than I was. As a matter of fact, had a nephew and niece older than she was. She was like a sister to us. At the age of three, she developed polio. Of course, she went through a great deal of suffering in her life, many operations that surmounted them. She eventually became a record librarian at Long Beach Hospital. Unfortunately, she died of an early age of a stomach [indistinct: 38:28]. One sister, the next after my mother, was a bookkeeper, a very brilliant bookkeeper. She died at the age of 80. The one after her, Dora, after she married, was not in business, and she died fairly young, I think, at about the age of 60. The next sister is living today, I think she's 82. We have another one, 79, and one brother still living out in California. He was a genius in radio and electronics. During the Second World War, he did some secret work with some companies that were producing the underwater missiles from submarines and ships, helped to develop that. He never completed college. As a matter of fact, he had to go back and finish high school. I remember I loaned him some of my high school notes to help him through that. He got a high school diploma, I don't believe . . . he may have taken some college courses, but he never completed college. But he did all this very secretive work. He is still living, I think he is 80 years old. That's about all for that side of the family.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=2143.0,2420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e How would you describe your relationship with the respective grandparents? You told me earlier that your father's father, you saw him about once every two weeks in Bayonne.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=2420.0,2436.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e A great deal of affection and love there. Every time we'd go, he'd take us to some shop there and buy us clothing. I remember he once bought me a coat with chinchilla cuffs and collar. I didn't know today until today how valuable that was, but I loved that chinchilla coat. I didn't know my mother's father very well because he died when I was about three years of age. He died of Bright's disease, and my mother always told the story that he was one of the first to get some digitalis. They think that there was some over dosage of some kind as digitalis was just being developed and he died. I didn't know him very well, or I don't recall anything. He was a rather . . . he also was a man who was very strict with the children, sort of thing that you could be seen at the table but not heard, had to do what he said, he was an authoritarian person.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=2436.0,2520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e How did your mother survive his passing when you were only three? You're not the youngest, are you?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=2520.0,2527.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e I'm the second oldest of six. All the children were very devoted to Mother and to the rest of the family, all very close. They helped to support Grandma. When my aunt had the polio, of course they helped with that. They saw her through and there was a very close family relationship. I can remember going to Grandma's house on holidays, the Jewish holidays, and we'd stay overnight, and the children would come, they were relatives in Brooklyn and relatives in Port Chester, and we would stay overnight, and they'd put mattresses under the window and children would sleep three or four crosswise on the mattresses. We had wonderful times, we loved it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=2527.0,2583.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Both homes, very traditional in terms of religion?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=2583.0,2586.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes. Very much, very much so. Very Orthodox.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=2586.0,2593.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Was that true for your parents' home as well?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=2593.0,2595.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e My parents' home, my parents were Orthodox, and I was raised that way. We went to synagogue regularly. All my brothers went to cheder, this was afternoon Hebrew school. My father did work, he said it was just absolutely necessary. He had to keep his business open on Saturdays. Dad, he would go off to work before we'd wake up in the morning. He'd come home after we went to sleep at night, especially Saturdays, he was very late. Sunday was our day with him. One week, we'd go to visit the grandparents and then in the next one, he'd take us somewhere like the museum or to see the baseball games one at that famous Brooklyn Park. I can't remember the name . . . we remember that very well. We'd come back and we'd stop and get ice cream cones. That was a very close relationship. About the time I was seven, he bought a summer home for us a bungalow in Silver Beach Gardens [New York], which was not too far from the Bronx where we were living. We'd spend all our summers there. Until I was 17, we went there. Dad commuted, it didn't take too long from downtown. We saw him working all the time around the house. He could do everything. He was a very, very handy man. I could remember him laying cement walks and tending to the garden and doing his shrubbery. He and my uncle actually built the bungalow, that is the inside of it, it was previously . . . they bought this four-walled structure, and he built a little home there, four-bedroom home. We had a small bathroom with a shower and cold water, kerosene stove. Dad could do everything, he could repair the radios, and later on the TV, and the washing machine and the dryer. He could, I remember him repairing roofs and doing all sorts of construction. He was a very, very handy man. My brothers, as a result, also were very handy and they've done all sorts of work in their homes, building rooms and everything else. I think that pretty much covers that older generation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=2595.0,2774.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Let's talk about your home life as a child, the relationship with the siblings. Let's start with your growing up.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=2774.0,2783.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e We had a very happy home life. [interview pauses, then resumes]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=2783.0,2915.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e You were saying you were very close with your cousins.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=2915.0,2917.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e We were very close with the cousins. There were always two or three sisters having babies around the same time, there were always cousins about our own age that we were especially fond of. We visited back and forth. I'd go to Port Chester on the weekends when I was old enough, or we'd go to New Rochelle [New York] to visit another cousin. We had cousins in Borough Park, we did a lot of visiting back and forth, but in the summers, there were several families had bungalows at the same place, we spent the summers together. It was just wonderful. In my own home, we really had a very happy home, about the only arguments my parents ever had was about money when times were hard. Mother was very forward-looking, and she wanted certain things to be done, and she would see that they got done. I could remember many times, when times were hard, that she pawned her earrings. There was a story about this Aunt Lee, who just passed away, used to talk about these famous earrings, which were her engagement gift from Dad. She would get the money and then she would pay you back. There were times later on when she would get a loan, there was some free loan society, and I can remember going down there and taking the payments. Mother did manage very well. She got a lot of things that my father would’ve never thought of. He'd be content to go right along the same old way. But mother saw that we got those things. If not for my mother, I never would have gone to medical school. When I was seventeen, we moved into our first home. Prior to that, we had lived in various apartments. This was in the Bronx, on Rosedale Avenue. It was one of many homes that were just alike. It was a home and had a little garden where my father raised flowers and grapes. The boys shared one bedroom. Two beds for four boys. My sister and I shared one bedroom and one double bed, and then my parents, of course, had the other bedroom with one bath and downstairs a little room that just had a sink in it so that it wasn't too difficult getting ready to go for school in the morning. Mother saw us through. My older brother did not go to college because it was just about the time of the Depression. He is only 15 and a half months older than I am. When I graduated from Hunter College in New York, it was just about the time of the Depression. I had earlier spoken to my mother about medical school. Some friends of mine had applied to medical school, and I'd always known that I'd wanted to go into medicine. Mother said, \"If you are accepted, I'll see that you go through.\" This is what happened.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=2917.0,3154.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e At the risk of sounding sexist, and I don't mean it this way at all, why a physician as opposed to the more traditional female role of becoming a nurse? Something happened before you went to Hunter College, while you were there . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=3154.0,3173.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, when I was seven years old, I made it in my mind that I wanted to be a doctor because one of my brothers was very desperately ill. We had an old family physician then, a German gentleman, Dr. Talmage, who helped us in many a crisis, did surgery too. We loved and respected him. He pulled my younger brother through a pneumonia. In those days, we didn't have antibiotics and about one third of people, 50 percent who had pneumonia died. When I saw what was happening, my brother also had pleurisy after the pneumonia, this went on for a while. We always felt he saved my brother, and I felt that this is something that I would like to do, to save people. That's what it is.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=3173.0,3229.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e It seems to me that most girls of that generation, if they expressed a desire to help save lives, would have been pushed towards nursing school, not medical school. Am I wrong?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=3229.0,3247.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e I don't know, I really don't know. I hadn't been associating with any who were nurses. I guess because there were physicians in the family, both in Russia and here, that my mother thought this was a very acceptable thing and didn't try to dissuade . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=3247.0,3262.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Your father did as well, nobody . . . ?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=3262.0,3266.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e If he did, as I said, was up to Mom. I'm sure those diamonds went in every year for my tuition.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=3266.0,3277.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Your father wasn't objecting, saying that a girl shouldn't do that?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=3277.0,3278.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e No, not at all. Not at all, he was very proud of it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=3278.0,3282.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e There was something extraordinary in this upbringing that you were free to choose a profession.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=3282.0,3289.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e From the time I was seven, I wanted, and I always loved the scientific courses in school. When I went to college, I took a pre-med major and then just applied and was accepted in several places. Because of financial things, I went school in New York so I could live at home and go to school there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=3289.0,3317.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Now your brother, your older brother has elected not to continue his education.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=3317.0,3320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, I think he couldn't when he was in the family business and then eventually went with Decca.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=3320.0,3328.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e That's right.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=3328.0,3333.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e My sister and I both used to work at Macy's. I would work as a Saturday only, they call it, work Thursday night and Saturdays, really, and then on vacations. Incidentally, I was invited to become a section manager there. I told them I was going to medical school instead. But about that time, as I said, it was about the time of the Depression and from high school and when Helen went to Macy's, they offered her a job doing some office work and that's what she did. Until she met her husband there and married.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=3333.0,3381.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e There was no friction between you and your siblings over the fact that you were getting to go to college and to medical school?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=3381.0,3386.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e I never heard any.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=3386.0,3388.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e This was your dream, and they were glad to see you realize your dream.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=3388.0,3393.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e I never even thought of that, that they might have resented it in any way. The second brother, he came after my sister, all of them I'll say were brilliant, I don't say I was brilliant, but they were. When he was going to college, he fell in love, and he had planned to go into medicine. He wanted to get married, and my father said, you may not get married unless you can support a wife. He gave up college, and he went into the family business. Eventually, he was involved in the factory, and I think somehow that was eventually his undoing because they did have some carcinogenic materials there that they had to use and eventually he developed lymphoma. He died at an early age, he was 58, 57, when he died, but a brilliant, brilliant young man. The next brother, Irving, I think was the most brilliant of all. He was a straight A student all the way through, which none of the others of us could claim. He went into service, he had worked in the business, and then he went into service, and he died after a short illness of about three weeks of a brain tumor, died at the age of 22. The younger brother, the youngest of all of us, was going to the Savage School. That was a physical education school, quite famous, I think, but then the war claimed him, too. Incidentally, Barney, the one who died of lymphoma, had been in service, and had taken some courses. He was learning Japanese. Obviously, they were going to send him to Japan, but he never was sent there. The youngest brother, as I say, went into service and he was put into communications. He did end up in Japan, but fortunately, the war had stopped before he got there but he was in an occupation army there for a while. He had a good time in Japan because he was always in communications. He was utilized a lot in the physical education side of it. However, when he came back, he went into the family business and married. Eventually, when the family business closed up, he opened a printing business. Incidentally, he is an artist. There are several other relatives who are wonderful artists too. The work he does in his printing business is really exceptional because of his ability in that direction, drawing designs and things. I don't need to tell you about the illnesses, but anyway, that's the six of us.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=3393.0,3621.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e You go to medical school, obviously a lot of support from your mother.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=3621.0,3628.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e From the whole family, but mother was the one who saw to it that the finances were there to send.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=3628.0,3636.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e I'm trying to get a sense of the relationship between your mother and you and your father, and these uncles. Who would you say of the family was the role model that you were the most attracted to?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=3636.0,3657.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e I really can't say that there was one. I think if anything would be my mother. Her drive, her accomplishments . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=3657.0,3664.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e It wasn't so much what she did, but how she supported what you wanted to do.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=3664.0,3673.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e I can't say that there was a particular role model. Because at that time, we didn't see very much of Aunt Lee. I didn't have her, really. All I know was a close-knit loving family who loved education. The children of all these aunts and uncles, they were all college educated and doing very well. There is one physician, one first cousin who is a physician and others are engineers and doing brilliant work.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=3673.0,3713.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e You're going to medical school? Let's start from there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=3713.0,3716.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e Let's start from there. I think all these boring details are behind us now.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=3716.0,3723.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Let's go to medical school and somewhere along the line you'll end up telling me how you got to Atlanta and where Irving got . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=3723.0,3730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e It's very simple. I went to New York Medical College and after I graduated, I interned at Harlem Hospital and that is where I met my husband. He was a graduate of Emory College and Emory University Medical School, two years ahead of me. He'd gone up to New York for his postgraduate training. I think he'd been at Manhattan General and one other hospital for short-terms before he came to Harlem where he was to have a house-ship in surgery. I came there, they were rotating internships, and it was to end up in the house-ship in gynecology. That's the last six months. I was his junior intern in surgery. The first six months all the interns rode ambulance for four months and two months they were on services. We would know, we were supposed to ride ambulance two months and be on service for four months. But as it happened, the obstetrical ward was closed up because of infantile diarrhea. I was in the specialty where I had to take obstetrics and then gynecology. They just put me back on ambulance to take up those other two months. I rode ambulance for four month in Harlem. I rode over 1,000, or about 1,000 ambulance calls then. Of course, that was interesting. We would cover ambulances for 24 hours and be off 24 hours, that's how they did that. The second six months I began my rotations through the other services, and I was assigned on Greenie's. I called my husband Greenie because everybody else did and that's how I was introduced to him. I was on his surgical service. We would go to certain intern meetings together and he was a very dynamic, charismatic person. I was attracted to him. Then we started to date, and then eventually became engaged. Actually, we surprised all . . . I don't know why the interns didn't know it, but they didn't until we announced our engagement. Our dates consisted mainly of going down to Harlem to that famous theater they had, Apollo Theater. We walked back, and it wasn't too far from where the hospital was. We'd have a malted milkshake at the drugstore at the corner and then we'd get back to the hospital. Our dates primarily were that kind of date. We became engaged, I think, in May of 1938. We were married in August 1938. He continued, he finished there and then went on to a residency in Boulevard Hospital in New York. I had another year to finish at Harlem. Our weekends off coincided, and we had a room in an apartment on . . . Riverside Drive. Some friends of my aunt had a big apartment there and they rented a room, which we used. We had a nice weekend that way. Then each go back to our respective hospitals until we finished. We came back here . . . after I finished, I had six-months of residency at the same hospital where my husband did, at Boulevard Hospital in Long Island. When we came back to Atlanta, we arrived here on February 16, 1940.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=3730.0,4009.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e This was his home?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=4009.0,4012.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e He always talks about our agreements that we made when we became engaged, and one was that we wouldn't practice in New York. We had had enough of that, didn't like the way medicine was practiced up there with kickbacks and things of that sort, or you couldn't get on a staff and at first, you'd have to have somebody else operate with you and that sort of thing, we agreed we'd come back to Atlanta to practice. The other part of the agreement was that if I ever stopped practicing medicine, it would be my decision, not because he asked me to. The third was that we would never get fat. We came back and opened office. We had already arranged for some temporary licenses until we could get our licenses here. He had his already. He had taken his examinations after he graduated from college, but I got mine on reciprocity because I had the national boards. I got my official license in April of 1940, permanent license, and I've practiced here ever since.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=4012.0,4096.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Let's go back to medical school a little bit. How many other women were there?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=4096.0,4100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e I was one of six women in the class.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=4100.0,4103.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Class of how many?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=4103.0,4105.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e Of about 104, I think it was to begin with.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=4105.0,4110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e About 5 percent of the class was . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=4110.0,4113.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e Actually, we were told then, and I understand in Greenie's class in medical school, they were told the same thing in anatomy, that one out of three of you is not going to be here next year. Most of my class did make it, one of the women dropped out for a year while she earned some more money to come back to school, and she did come back and graduated. In my class, five graduated in the year of 1937.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=4113.0,4145.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Most of them Jewish?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=4145.0,4149.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e No, as a matter of fact, there was only one other Jewish woman of these six. She is a ears, nose and throat specialist, Dr. Louise Fischer in New York. Yes, we were just the . . . I never even thought about it. We didn't even think about different religions then. We were two Jewish women out of the six.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=4149.0,4182.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e What was the Jewish population in the total class?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=4182.0,4187.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e There was a good number of Jews and a good number of Italians in that group. As I said, we never thought of counting it out. I could look through my yearbook.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=4187.0,4198.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e I suspect your husband had a lot smaller Jewish population.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=4198.0,4201.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, although there's very high Jewish population there now.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=4201.0,4209.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e You agreed, one, not to practice in New York, and two, that it was your decision whether to practice or not, and three, not get fat. People of your generation don't normally keep their own name, but you did.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=4209.0,4231.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e I already had gotten my license, or I should say, my diploma as a physician under my maiden name, and then my national boards under my maiden name. We talked about it, and we decided rather than make a change, and rather than hyphenate a name, as some women do, that I would just practice under my maiden name. That this would make it easier when telephone calls would come, which position they were asking for. Of course, it led to some problems. There's no question that there were some little mix-ups here and there. As a matter of fact, we were advised by the late Mr. Nathan Reisman, who owned the surgical selling company, where we got our equipment for our offices, and he advised me . . . no, it wasn't Mr. Reisman. It was Dr. Fischer from Crawford Long Hospital, the Dr. Fisher from the original Davis-Fischer Hospital, which became Crawford Long. He advised me to not use that name because of problems with insurance records and financial records later on, income tax, he thought I'd better use my married name, but I continued that way. It's true when it comes to income tax. I'm Regina G. Greenberg, the G for Gabler, because I had no given middle name. Other things sometimes I have to identify myself as Mrs. Greenberg, but I'm Dr. Gabler professionally. I'm Dr. Gabler in the hospital, medical meetings, in the office, in certain organizations that I belong to. I am Mrs. Greenberg socially.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=4231.0,4357.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e People at your synagogue know you as Mrs. Greenberg, not . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=4357.0,4362.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e They know me as both because many of them have been patients of my husband or me or both.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=4362.0,4369.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e I see.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=4369.0,4371.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e They know us. As I say, I answer to any name. It doesn't bother me. They call me sometimes Dr. Greenberg. It doesn't bother me.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=4371.0,4380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e I was thinking more . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=4380.0,4384.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e They don't know how to introduce me. A lot of people are embarrassed. Some will come out and say, how shall I introduce you? Of social occasion of Jean Greenberg because my given name is Regina.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=4384.0,4399.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e You and Irving, come back here. Join a practice together?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=4399.0,4404.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, in the same office, but we have had individual practices all through. Now we have some mutual patients, and we have referred some to each other. But we have always maintained individual practices, and for many years we operated together. If I had a case he would assist me, if he had a case, I would be his assistant. Then when we had the children, and then the ruling came at the hospitals we used that the residents must be used as a first assistant. I didn't see any point in going to the operating room and be tied up just to be a second assistant, I stopped working with him unless it was a patient whom I had referred to him and there was an interest in it. Then we stopped working together on a regular basis.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=4404.0,4467.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e You come here in 1940 and you're going to practice medicine right now today, and there's going to be children and activity in the community. These are going to busy 40 years that we're going to talk about. Why don't we start by talking about the professional career, and then we'll come back and talk about having children and that aspect of your life and integrate that with the organizational work and that sort of thing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=4467.0,4514.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e When I came, first of all, we both decided that at the beginning we would do a general practice to get the feel of the whole person and not just look at a patient through a limited view of that particular complaint. For a while, we did that. Not for very long, because the war came along. My husband enlisted, he went into active service, I should say went on active duty, before Pearl Harbor. If I'd known he was going to be in for five years, I don't know if I would have made it or not. When the war came, I not only had my practice, but I had to take calls for several other doctors who were in service, and I was working very, very hard. As a matter of fact, I wanted to go into service myself, and I got letters from people saying, don't do it, you're doing more for your country by staying home and working for these other doctors than if you'd go yourself. I had a hard time. I did, pretty soon, because I was so busy, I had to stop seeing men and then children. I didn't see too many children anyway and just limit my work to gynecology. When he came back, we continued in our same . . . I maintained the office all that time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=4514.0,4611.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e While you were limiting yourself to gynecology, you were still in a general practice at least with those patients.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=4611.0,4616.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e With taking the calls for the other doctors, yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=4616.0,4620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e That Irving had had.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=4620.0,4622.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e Right, and not only him, but there's some others who had left the city. Then after he came back, I immediately started to restrict my practice to gynecology and obstetrics. I didn't take children, didn't see men, and so forth. When I came here, I applied at Grady Hospital to do some clinic work and I was assigned to the maternal health clinic, they called it, on the white side. They would be checking the women postpartum when they came in for their checkups and then instructing them for giving them guidance for control, birth control really, how to space their children. Matter of fact, I started a research project once with some company for studying their contraceptive jelly. This was going along pretty well. It was just about to be completed in 1945 when the war ended. My husband was going to be coming back. Then I found out they'd made a mistake; they were sending me the wrong jelly. I never did complete that research. I stopped it right then and there. I said, \"There's was no point going on. We couldn't make a fair trial. That's what I was doing for a number of years until I finally resigned from that. It was just too much to do, and I retired from that clinic. It was one time they just tried to start up the . . . my age is showing, I forget some of these things, like the Margaret Sanger clinics here for birth control years ago and I was at several meetings with some social workers, and I don't know if there was another physician at that time or not, but we tried to get it started. We tried to get some prominent woman here to take over because I felt I did not want to do that. I did want that to be my specialty for the future. I thought they should get a laywoman for that. They never could work it out, and those plans stopped and it just broke down. It was a number of years before they did come here and get it started. I continued on the staff though, although I did not attend the clinic, but I continued on the staff at Grady for many years and finally asked to retire from it. They did not accept my retirement from it and matter of fact, they put me on permanent leave, and I still get [indistinct: 1:20:14 possibly 'insistence to stay'] from the staff at Grady, although I have not done any work there for years. My husband and I did attend the cancer clinic, the Sheffield Clinic, or it was in the Sheffield Clinic at Georgia Baptist Hospital for many years. We enjoyed that and we did work there. We did surgery on certain patients when it was our rotation. We would go there every Friday to the cancer clinic. I did some volunteer work for the, what'd you call it then, prior to the community center here, they had us centered downtown on the south side. I would go there and check the girls for camp, examine the hearts and lungs for them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=4622.0,4876.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e The Jewish Community Center?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=4876.0,4877.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, it wasn't the Jewish Community Center. It had a different name. This became the Jewish Community Center. It's down on Capitol Avenue, where there were facilities for the children for basketball and other sports, club meetings. I did that work. Otherwise, I practiced. I was introduced to Hadassah shortly after I came by my husband's mother who died shortly after we moved here, lovely lady. I became very interested in the work they were doing, I thought it was just marvelous. I was very active in Hadassah for many years. As a matter of fact, I did become vice president. I was in what we call the B\u0026P group, Business and Professional Group, a night group. I was on line for presidency. I was vice president, supposed to become president but then my first son came along, and I resigned from that, because I wouldn't have time for it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=4877.0,4951.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Hadassah was during the war years.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=4951.0,4954.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e All through, even after, I was active for many years. Then finally, things became too hectic. I sort of became an inactive member, but I did fundraising for them, made calls and solicitations for their big project at the end of the year. That was one of my loves, I'm still very fond of Hadassah. In the early years, too, I became a board member of the Jewish Federation early when it was downtown. I've been a board member ever since. I was on the committee for the Jewish Community Center for their preschool program for several years. I'm a board member for Jewish Family Services. Actually now I've finally attained the status of honorary member, or whatever. I was president during the war years or shortly after of an organization that was called the Jewish Physicians and Dentists Social Club. This was a more or less almost secret organization, it wasn't talked about in public, because it was apart from the medical society. I don't know why the older members were reticent to make it well known. They didn't want to be a part of the medical society. It was more or less a social organization to get to know the different Jewish physicians, there weren't many then, and to be helpful if they could. I had two, I was secretary for a couple of years and then became president of it for a couple of years. That organization finally petered out.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=4954.0,5095.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Was there a problem with antisemitism?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=5095.0,5098.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e I suspect there might have been a little in those early years. I found very little of it here. We know of a couple of physicians who were antisemitic, but actually we were really welcomed. Otherwise, we had no problems. I was president of the Atlanta Women's Medical Association for a couple of years. I don't even remember what year; it was many years ago. First secretary, treasurer, and then president for two years. I dropped out of being active in that organization some years ago because there was an application or somebody talked of inviting a black woman physician to be membered and it was voted down. I was so incensed by it; I never went to another meeting after that. I think they have some black women members now.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=5098.0,5161.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e This was how long ago?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=5161.0,5164.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e Quite a few years ago.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=5164.0,5165.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e We're back in the 1950's?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=5165.0,5168.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e Right.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=5168.0,5170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Southern white people feel comfortable expressing their racism certainly then.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=5170.0,5175.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes. I guess they felt they couldn't have the woman have lunch and we would meet for lunch and meeting that she couldn't come for lunch with us and so forth, and they just didn't accept, so much for my presidencies, or almost presidencies . . . I've been active, I was active for the Welfare Fund for many years. Once or twice I headed up the division of professional women. I've been very active with the Hebrew Academy. That's been the main love of my husband and myself for many, many years.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=5175.0,5217.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Is that where the children went to school?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=5217.0,5218.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes. We are active to this day. We were the first honorees of their annual Dinner of Honor, which started when the school was 25 years old. We continue to this day to be very active and my husband's honorary president. I've been on the board all the time. Of course, I'm a member of just about every . . . I think there's only one Jewish women's organization here that I'm not a member and I won't tell you which one, they might ask me to be a member and name them. I think they deserve the moral support, even if I can't be active. I've been a member of the Atlanta Symphony, and Wildlife Federation, Women's League of Voters, League of Women Voters.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=5218.0,5278.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e You're describing two different kinds of membership. On some of these things . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=5278.0,5286.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e Active and inactive.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=5286.0,5287.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e . . . Apparently, you're very active, and on others you and your husband obviously feel that while you don't have time, the membership fees and the contributions are to worthwhile organizations. The result is that there's memberships in virtually every Jewish organization . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=5287.0,5306.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e Correct.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=5306.0,5308.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e . . . In a variety of non-affiliated. Politically active as well or mostly neutral things like the League of Women Voters?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=5308.0,5320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e No. Yes, League of Women Voters as a supporter.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=5320.0,5323.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e The Symphony?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=5323.0,5325.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, in the High Museum of Art and things like that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=5325.0,5334.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Synagogue?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=5334.0,5335.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes. We do attend synagogue regularly.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=5335.0,5339.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Shearith Israel?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=5339.0,5340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e Shearith Israel. We've never taken part in the leadership of it. My husband has felt he didn't want to be involved in that, he was involved in too many other things, but we are . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=5340.0,5355.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e You were spared the Marc Wilson [indistinct: 1:29:16]?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=5355.0,5359.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e We were very fond of Marc. We were sorry to see him go.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=5359.0,5363.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Have you been members of Shearith Israel since coming here?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=5363.0,5365.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e My husband's father was a member, was one of the founding fathers of Shearith Israel and the family have been members all these years.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=5365.0,5379.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e I'm looking at this because we're . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=5379.0,5381.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e Running out of time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=5381.0,5382.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e We've got a few more minutes. Why don't we, for this session, how about if you just give me a sense of the children and then when we come back, we'll explore the organizations and Shearith Israel and the children in greater detail.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=5382.0,5406.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e You mean my own children?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=5406.0,5409.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Your own children.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=5409.0,5410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e We have two sons, both of whom have been adopted. My older son will be 38 in August, and the younger one is 33 years old, just 33. They're both, of course, very fine men, of whom we're very proud. The older son is a clinical psychologist practicing in Boston [Massachusetts]. The younger son works for a corporation called Samna which produces computer software. He's production manager and involved in a lot of it. It's a relatively new company but prospering and very, very busy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=5410.0,5452.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Just as his uncle made records for Decca, he makes software for IBM.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=5452.0,5459.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e We have four grandchildren.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=5459.0,5462.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e These boys came to you as infants?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=5462.0,5464.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, my older son was five months old when we received him and the younger one was three months old. They've been a joy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=5464.0,5479.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e I hesitate to ask this because it's kind of probing, but if I may, if you don't want to, don't answer. Did the boys come to you through your Jewish community ties?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=5479.0,5491.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e We applied through the adoption agency from the Jewish Children's Service.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=5491.0,5496.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e It was not the fortuity of your network practice that brought these children to you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=5496.0,5505.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e No, they were through the Jewish Children's Service.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=5505.0,5506.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e These were, so to speak, arm’s length adoptions. The boys grew up here in Atlanta?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=5506.0,5515.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, they grew up here. My oldest son graduated from Duke University. The younger one attended Emory for a year, then dropped out for a while with the letter saying he could come back any time. He went to work in different places. As a matter of fact, he worked as a surgical technician at Doctors Memorial Hospital for a number of years. Then he went back to school at the University of Colorado, in Boulder, Colorado, where he met his wife-to-be and his step-daughter. He wanted to get married, and like my brother, he dropped out of school, went to work . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=5515.0,5567.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e He's a lot like his uncle.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=5567.0,5568.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e . . . worked there until it was time for the little girl to go to school. They decided they wanted her to attend the Hebrew Academy. The Academy in Denver was an hour's drive away. It would be too much to take her back and forth every day, so they moved back to Atlanta, which made us very happy. She's in the sixth grade at the Academy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=5568.0,5598.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Both boys went to the Academy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=5598.0,5600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes. Now at that time when they didn't have a full-day high school here, they had a Hebrew high, which meant for my older son, two nights during the week and Sundays, the cost was eventually reduced to just one night during the week and a Sunday. Their high school education, Jewish high school, education was really inadequate.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=5600.0,5630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Where'd they go to high school?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=5630.0,5632.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e The older one went to Grady throughout, that was in our region. The younger son went through the eighth and ninth grades, and then he went to Israel for a year, and he studied at the Alonei Yitzchak school there on a program. [interview pauses, then resumes]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=5632.0,5676.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e This is the second interview of Dr. Regina Gabler, conducted on June 24, 1986, for the Jewish Women of Achievement Oral History Project by Nat Gozansky. This interview is taking place at the home of Dr. Gabler four weeks following the first interview. [interview pauses, then resumes] When we were finishing the last tape, you had talked some about your children and their children, and what have you. I was wondering if today we could start by talking about the kind of community involvement that your sons and their wives are involved in addition to their work, which we've already talked about.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=5676.0,5748.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e As far as my eldest son, elder son, is concerned, I really don't know much about what he does with community work. He has taken . . . he just finished his third postdoctoral course in clinical psychology with some eminent psychotherapists. I really can't speak for him or the lady with whom he has a permanent relationship, not legally, and they both work with families, and she particularly does pediatric clinical psych. I really don't know if they're involved in community work in any way. My youngest son and his wife have both been active with Jewish Federation work, mainly in the line of the program they have for the Israeli Shlichim [Hebrew: emissaries], I think they call it, who come here. Each summer they've had some of these Israelis staying with them. They arrange to have other homes for them and arrange some programs for them. She has been on the board of the Federation, working particularly in the Childhood Department, and he has been on the Board of the Hebrew Academy. Other than that . . . they've both done some work for the AA [Ahavath Achim] Synagogue with which they are affiliated.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=5748.0,5860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e This is the son who studied in Israel for a while?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=5860.0,5864.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, the younger one.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=5864.0,5865.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e He obviously is more involved in his Jewish . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=5865.0,5868.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, definitely. He would love someday to make aliyah to Israel. That's really the extent of their Jewish community work.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=5868.0,5884.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Let's talk a little bit about the Hebrew Academy. You and your husband have been involved in it for a number of years and now your son returned to Atlanta so that his children could go there and he's been on the board. Can you give me a historical sense about the Academy? In the first interview you talked about its part-time program when your boys were coming along, and you got involved. What got you all involved and how has the Academy grown over the years?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=5884.0,5918.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e When the beginnings of the academy were being developed just in thought, my older child was attending public school. He was in kindergarten and there was a meeting of people who were interested in starting a Hebrew academy. We thought we ought to go and listen. For us, we thought that public education was what we would want for our children, but we decided we ought to have an educated answer for supporting that belief. We went and we listened, and we asked questions and when we came home, we talked for a long, long time and we decided that that was what we wanted for our children in the future. From that point on, we became involved. As it happened, the academy started that next year and they started just with a kindergarten. Because they did not have enough children to start a first grade. Our son was in the first grade in the Rock Springs School at that time, the next year they had kindergarten, first, and second grade, so we entered him in the second grade. My husband has been given tribute most of the time that he was the one who really started the Academy. Neither of us feel that he started the Academy, but he was very instrumental in getting it underway and getting students in and getting people interested and involved. We have been involved ever since.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=5918.0,6029.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e What happened at that meeting that caused you to . . . ?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=6029.0,6032.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e The speaker, I don't even remember his name, he was a rabbi from Florida, and he was just telling us what Hebrew education, Jewish education meant and what day school education meant, what advantages there were, and we had to agree with his points.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=6032.0,6055.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Was that, was that in part your sense of the lack of large Jewish community in Atlanta? That is, would you have felt the same way if you had stayed up in New York?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=6055.0,6066.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e No, from our own backgrounds as we were already involved with some Jewish activities, we felt there was a lack of knowledge that we should have had. We wanted it for our children.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=6066.0,6085.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Your son, your older son is not the first to enroll, but among that first group in year two . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=6085.0,6094.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e He was in the second year of the Hebrew Academy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=6094.0,6099.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e At that time, the academy went how far?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=6099.0,6102.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e That was the first time it went to the second grade, and each year they added a grade. He was in the first graduating class of the Hebrew Academy, but he was not in the first class of Hebrew Academy. Which just celebrated their 25th anniversary. Imagine from elementary school to have a 25th Anniversary and we were invited as special guests. They had a few of their teachers there, and Dr. Frankel. A student came from California, and one sent a tape from California, and another one came from some other city far away, I've forgotten, and we had a lovely evening, but that's how the kids felt about it, it meant a great deal to them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=6102.0,6151.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Over this 25 year period, the Academy has gone from kindergarten . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=6151.0,6161.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e It's more than 25 now, over 30.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=6161.0,6162.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Over 30.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=6162.0,6163.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e Thirty two.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=6163.0,6164.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Can you give me some sense of its growth? At some point I assume it sort of stopped at the 6th grade or the 8th grade.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=6164.0,6173.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e It only goes to the seventh grade, but next year for the first time they will add an eighth grade and have a middle school as the beginnings of a high school. And hopefully they will add another year.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=6173.0,6185.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Why did it not . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=6185.0,6187.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e It did not go beyond the seventh, excuse me for anticipating your question, it did not beyond the 7th grade because the public schools here did not go beyond 7th grade and we were following their schedules.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=6187.0,6201.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e I see. The thought was that the Hebrew Academy would be a place for a child until they were ready for high school.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=6201.0,6210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e High school, exactly.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=6210.0,6211.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e When they were ready for high school, they would go on.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=6211.0,6212.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, they did not have a Hebrew high day school at that time. We did have a Hebrew high school of sorts, a community high school, which met two nights a week, and at that time also on Sunday. I should say, now they meet only one weekday night and a Sunday morning. At that time, there were three sessions for them. Once they graduated from the Hebrew Academy, the Hebrew education was in the Hebrew High School, which was inadequate, but that's our feeling today.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=6212.0,6252.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e I'm kind of new to Atlanta and particularly this evolution. The Hebrew High School is not connected with Hebrew Academy at all?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=6252.0,6263.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e No. That's under the sponsorship of the Bureau of Jewish Education and it's for all children from different Hebrew schools, afternoon Hebrew schools or for any parent who wants it. Our Hebrew Academy started as a community school, it cuts across all lines, all different congregations and for those who are not affiliated. Any of those children can attend. Our policy was that that education would be available for any child for whom it was desired. I can't say the child desired it; they would be too young. If any parent wanted his child to have that kind of education, his child could go even if he could not afford it. We do have scholarships, full scholarships and part scholarships for those who can't afford to pay because the education has become very, very expensive.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=6263.0,6322.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e What caused the decision now to start to build through the high school?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=6322.0,6329.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e We feel . . . first of all, middle schools are springing up. Secondly, we see that too many children are not going on with further Jewish education. The Yeshiva has been in existence here, I believe, 10 years, if I'm not mistaken, possibly 13. There are many children who don't want to go, many parents who don't want their children to go to the Yeshiva. They feel that it is too Orthodox, and the boys and girls are separate in classes and so forth and they don't that for their children or the children don't want it. Many youngsters drop out; some do go to Central Hebrew High School of the Bureau of Jewish Education. Even that, at best is not enough. We felt that this was the time to go ahead.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=6329.0,6393.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/187","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Obviously somebody feels the Jewish population is large enough to support that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=6393.0,6397.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/188","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, very much so. We are starting . . . there are some others, the Torah Day School has started, and we have heard that the Reform congregations are trying to start a day school, and we feel there can't be too many of them. We feel that Jewish education is very, very important.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=6397.0,6417.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/189","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Is the expectation that, for example, if the Reform congregations were to establish a day school that their children, when they finish seventh grade, if parents want to continue at the Academy . . . ?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=6417.0,6434.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/190","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e Surely.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=6434.0,6435.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e The Academy is trying to maintain a sort of a centrist posture where . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=6435.0,6440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e That's true at the Epstein School, too, which I think indirectly came about because the Hebrew Academy already had paved the way for this type of school.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=6440.0,6453.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/193","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e The Academy was first, and the Epstein School comes along later. There are enough children for both?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=6453.0,6461.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/194","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, we just wish that more of the children would be . . . more of parents would avail themselves at the opportunity to give their children a good Jewish education. I think it gives them a better self-image, better knowledge of their past and their traditions, makes them more secure as Jews. I think that's a very important thing. I can remember an incident that happened here. I can't say that I have met any overt antisemitism here in Atlanta, but I can remember one old physician here, a general practitioner, who was quite a well-known name, who used to sort of irritate us a little bit, by asking questions about Judaism that we couldn't answer. It embarrassed me. I realized that I did not have the education that I should have gotten. I was not given the opportunity to go to cheder, the afternoon school. I may have told you, my parents, they had to send four boys through, and they didn't have and couldn't afford to send the girls, the girls needed to have elocution lessons, and ballet lessons, piano lessons, that they couldn't do it all. I wanted to go, but I couldn't. I tried to teach myself, but they didn't have the kind of textbooks where you could transliterate and learn. What little I had, I had mainly at the feet of my mother, because my father was always in business. Her education had come through her parents, and particularly her mother, whom I told you was a scholar. I learned from her, but it was mainly Bible stories and a little tradition. I really didn't get much of the actual history of the Jewish people from her. I missed that and I realized that as in my early years here in Atlanta. We wanted our children to know more, and we think other children should know more. It's very important, and I think everywhere it's recognized now that Jewish education is very important. The Federations are supporting it, as a matter of fact, our Federation supports Jewish education better than most any other Federation in the country, per capita. I think they give more.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=6461.0,6625.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Locally.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=6625.0,6626.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/196","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e Locally, right.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=6626.0,6628.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Did your involvement with Federation pre-date or post-date the Hebrew Academy?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=6628.0,6634.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e Pre-dated it greatly.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=6634.0,6636.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/199","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e That's right, because that was something you got involved in shortly after moving here.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=6636.0,6639.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/200","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e The first thing I got involved in was Hadassah because shortly after I came here my mother-in-law of blessed memory took me to a Hadassah meeting and I became very impressed by the work they were doing and I immediately joined the B\u0026P group, the Business and Professional Group and I was active in it for many, many years.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=6639.0,6663.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e What was the specific appeal of Hadassah?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=6663.0,6667.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e Mainly what they were doing in Israel with health, with the hospital work and clinic work.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=6667.0,6676.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e It was an organization that tied right in with your career choice, as distinguished from the National Council . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=6676.0,6682.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e With my love for Judaism, I've always had a very deep feeling of my Jewishness, and great pride in it, even when I was a child. It was important to me; Zion was important to me. As I told you, my parents had been Zionists. I started there, and I don't know what year it was that I was invited to join the board of the Federation. It was still downtown, way downtown in the early years, and I've been on the board ever since.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=6682.0,6724.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/205","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Hadassah was the vehicle by which you became a part of . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=6724.0,6730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/206","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e Jewish community life.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=6730.0,6732.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Jewish community life here in Atlanta. From that came the Federation?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=6732.0,6742.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e That's right. I won't say from that, I was invited to join and I participated.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=6742.0,6748.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/209","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e How has the Federation changed since those early days when it was founded?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=6748.0,6756.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e From a struggling organization financially, they really have expanded their work in the early years prior to my coming. I think they were already adding to the work, but the early times were mainly for philanthropy. Serving the needy and serving the people who came through who needed traveler's aid. Then they began their social service work, and they also were working with children. At that time, when I came in, they did have a social worker who was the head of it, and I think she had one part-time worker with her. Today, I can't tell you, I don't know, but they have numerous trained social service workers. Very expert leadership. It's a tremendous organization, doing wonderful work. It is so wonderful that students are sent for training to this Federation from the University of Georgia and from other universities to get their training. It's a very desirable affiliation for these students, they feel lucky to get it. They have expanded their work, they do outreach work into communities, to the synagogues. They do all sorts of counseling. They have programs for marriage problems with children. Of course, they do work now for the elderly senior citizens. They've had the program. I guess it was a community center program for the senior citizens and their daytime program, but the Federation is involved many times in social service work for the people who go to those meetings. They are involved in study work for people who enter the Jewish Home, or for the Louis Kahn home, which is a residence program they have for about nine individuals at a time who live there, who really are too capable of taking care of themselves to have to go to a home. They have all sorts of activities and programs, but they have a place where they can live together, where food is prepared, where they participate, and that sort of work too, and they can live a very nice life. Excuse me. [phone rings, interview stops, then resumes] . . . I'm doing a little . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=6756.0,6933.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e That's okay.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=6933.0,6934.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e The Federation does so much that . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=6934.0,6935.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/213","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e You're describing . . . all of this has evolved during the period that you've been here in Atlanta, during this 40 odd year period.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=6935.0,6954.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e That's right, yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=6954.0,6955.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Is it through the Federation that you got active in the Jewish Family Services? I'm trying to get a sense of the continuity here . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=6955.0,6961.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, I was invited to become a . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=6961.0,6963.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/217","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e . . .  Did Hadassah  get you into the community?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=6963.0,6967.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/218","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes. In the early years of the Federation, I was on the board of some child programs for the preschoolers that they had at the community center and still do have. Although now what they have at the building downtown is daycare, but they used to have a nursery school there that was so outstanding that the children were on waiting lists for months, years maybe, until they could get in. I was on the committees that sort of arranged the programs and handled problems. I served on that for several years for the community center. Then in the Federation, my main work has been in the Department of the Jewish Family Services. It had a different title in those days, the board that I was on. Now we've become an autonomous organization. We just had a second anniversary and moved into our own building quarters.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=6967.0,7040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/219","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e In terms of the organizational structure of Jewish organizations in this city, why did the family services become autonomous from its parent, the Federation? What are the politics or the policies?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=7040.0,7055.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/220","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e It's become such a big organization, and we'd have to go to the Federation for everything. Every time some decision had to be made, it'd have to go through the committees and the boards and so forth, and there was just too much time wasted, and we felt we were large enough and strong enough to do these things ourselves. It took some years to work out, but they did agree. We are under the overall umbrella of the Federation. We are a member of the Federation, just as the Jewish Home is and the Academy and all these other structures.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=7055.0,7096.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/221","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e The Hebrew Academy started out as an independent operation and turned to the Federation for support.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=7096.0,7104.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/222","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e After we had been established several years and showed that we were growing and showing that we are doing well and that we needed help . . . [phone rings, interview stops, then resumes]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=7104.0,7121.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/223","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e The Academy comes to the Federation and says we are now deserving of some support. Obviously, we are educating children regardless of their economic situation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=7121.0,7134.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/224","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e Or whatever part of the community they're in.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=7134.0,7137.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/225","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Whereas Family Services starts out as a Federation project and it just gets so strong and big that it becomes expedient for it to be independent. How about other things like the Jewish Home and things like that?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=7137.0,7148.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/226","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e Excuse me, to go back, I don't know that the Federation started for Jewish Family Services. I think it started in some philanthropic organization of a different name.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=7148.0,7160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/227","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e I see.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=7160.0,7161.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/228","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e I think possibly even an organization that was started by the members of the Hebrew Benevolent Congregation. I'm not entirely sure, but I think that was the nidus for the development of this organization.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=7161.0,7177.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/229","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Then when the Federation got strong enough, it started to absorb that broad-based community activity?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=7177.0,7183.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/230","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e That's right, there was also an organization which still is in existence, the Jewish Children's Services, which is a separate organization, and which took care of the adoptions in those days but also supported children who needed help through school and still gives scholarships.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=7183.0,7203.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/231","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e That's different than . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=7203.0,7204.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/232","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e That's a separate organization that's different from the Jewish Family Services. We used to be called the Jewish Family and Children's Services before we became autonomous and now, we've taken the name of Jewish Family Services, Inc.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=7204.0,7222.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/233","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e We've got a separate thing there. Is the Jewish Home a Federation's instigated project or is it like the Hebrew Academy?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=7222.0,7234.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/234","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e I imagine it started because there are a lot of people who felt the need that we had to have a Jewish home, who start that. There were some people from other states in the region that were involved too, so that they can have some of their elderly taken care of in the Jewish home.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=7234.0,7257.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/235","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e The Federation, over the years, moved from being kind of an ad hoc, philanthropic organization to sort of a cross between, if you will, a United Way, and at the same time, operating divisions directly.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=7257.0,7275.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/236","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, there was one time there was a separate division called the Jewish Welfare Fund. That was the fundraising group, just like the United Way are, and that was merged into the one organization that was the Jewish Federation. I think it was the Jewish Welfare Fund and the Jewish Family Services, Family and Children Services that merged into the Jewish Federation, because there are a lot of people mutually involved in both of these organizations.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=7275.0,7317.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/237","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e The Federation also does a lot for Israel. Was that in its original inception or has that been a more recent phenomenon.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=7317.0,7327.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/238","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e I don't go that far back, but ever since I've been in Atlanta, almost ever since, I think there used to be United Jewish Appeal [UJA] first, and then possibly a few years after I was in Atlanta that the Jewish Welfare Fund started.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=7327.0,7344.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/239","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Just absorbed the . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=7344.0,7345.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/240","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, the UJA, right. There are people here in Atlanta who give you much more accurate information about those beginnings than I can.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=7345.0,7362.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/241","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Let's look for a little bit at Jewish Family Services now, because you've been involved in that for a big period of time. That existed when you came on the board of the Federation? Or was that started subsequent to your coming on the board?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=7362.0,7388.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/242","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e I was on the board of the . . . I don't think that there was a separate designation for my participation, and I don't know in which capacity I was invited to be on the board then.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=7388.0,7408.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/243","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e The Jewish family services existed when you came in?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=7408.0,7412.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/244","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes. Jewish Family and Children's Services.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=7412.0,7417.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/245","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e That would have employed people as distinguished from relying, at the time you got involved in the Federation I assume it was mostly volunteers with the exception of one paid professional. Can you recall some of the people who worked for the Family Services.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=7417.0,7443.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/246","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e Mr. Edward Kahn was the head of the Federation, executive director, he was for many years. He died perhaps a year and a half ago. Remarkable man. He was, I believe, probably trained as a social worker, primarily. He was the one who really got all these things together in the community. It was a center on . . . not on Washington Street. Gosh, my memory is becoming bad. I'm sorry. There was a community center, really, they didn't call it the community center, where the children met, where they had basketball and organizations, and Young Judea. What I think I mentioned that I used to examine the children for camp. Then they had the nursery school, a nursery school. Gertrude Krick was one of the teachers that became the head of the nursery school, and that's where she met her husband to be. All these things were put together and became the Federation eventually.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=7443.0,7538.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/247","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Kahn is the one that . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=7538.0,7539.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/248","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e He was the head of all this. He really instigated all of that, I believe.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=7539.0,7542.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/249","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e He had the vision to see how to bring it all together.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=7542.0,7544.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/250","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e He was the one who got the community together. He got the Welfare Fund on its feet, really. That I think has been one of the ways the community has been knit together through the Welfare Fund and getting the volunteers who've gone out and done a tremendous job throughout the country for the work that we do with our fundraising here.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=7544.0,7570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/251","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e My understanding if we go back, and you can correct me if I'm wrong, if we go back to earlier, before you came to Atlanta, there was a period where basically what is now the AA and what is now The Temple were sort of the only two synagogues around, and there was great deal of . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=7570.0,7596.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/252","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e No, there were other synagogues.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=7596.0,7599.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/253","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e . . . independence between those two, of friction. It sounds to me like the Federation is part of that evolution of the Reform and the Orthodox and the Conservative working together on those things of mutual interest.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=7599.0,7615.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/254","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, but there were rather synagogues incidentally beside those.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=7615.0,7618.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/255","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Shearith Israel.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=7618.0,7619.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/256","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e There was Shearith Israel and there was the Or VeShalom, the Sephardic, and there was Anshi S'Fard.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=7619.0,7628.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/257","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Let's talk about that for a little bit, Shearith Israel, as I recall, from our last discussion, was founded during your husband's father's generation. That is, your father-in-law was one of the founders. Early part of this century?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=7628.0,7649.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/258","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e Very early, yes. Because his father came here in 1910, late 1910. Because my husband was left behind, unborn, and he came here when he was two years old. Let's see, he came in 1913, he was born in 1911.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=7649.0,7678.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/259","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Shearith Israel started somewhere around that time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=7678.0,7682.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/260","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e Right.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=7682.0,7683.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/261","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Or VeShalom?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=7683.0,7684.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/262","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e I don't know how old that organization is, but the synagogue was here at the time that I came to Atlanta in 1940. They had very primitive facilities as a synagogue. I remember the time they moved to a larger building. Everybody's very happy and proud about it. Then they finally moved to a building on Highland Avenue before they built their very fine and beautiful synagogue on North Druid Hills.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=7684.0,7721.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/263","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Where was Shearith Israel when you came?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=7721.0,7723.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/264","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e When I came it was on Washington Street, as was the AA synagogue, they were just a few blocks apart.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=7723.0,7732.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/265","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Was Shearith Israel a spin-off of AA?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=7732.0,7734.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/266","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e I don't know. My recollection is that AA started out as an Orthodox congregation. The Hebrew Benevolent Congregation, The Temple, which originally, I understand, was Orthodox, became Reformed. Therein lie the chasm, if you will.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=7734.0,7755.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/267","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e I don't think they had, it was Orthodox very long, regarding Hebrew Benevolent.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=7755.0,7761.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/268","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e It was a very short period of time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=7761.0,7763.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/269","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e Very short period of time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=7763.0,7764.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/270","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Shearith Israel was . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=7764.0,7769.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/271","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e AA didn't become Conservative until many years after we were here, I think until it moved over to its present location.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=7769.0,7780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/272","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Shearith Israel, was it Conservative in its . . . ?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=7780.0,7783.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/273","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e No, Shearith Israel was Orthodox and now is what we call traditional.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=7783.0,7787.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/274","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e It was traditionally Orthodox.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=7787.0,7792.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/275","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e So was AA at that time. There's also Beth Jacob had its beginnings then, after I came to Atlanta, I don't know how long after, and that, of course, is much more Orthodox than the other groups.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=7792.0,7813.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/276","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e When did Shearith Israel move over into the Morningside neighborhood?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=7813.0,7817.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/277","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e I think in 1959, if I'm not mistaken.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=7817.0,7822.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/278","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Until then, it was back . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=7822.0,7824.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/279","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e On Washington Street, yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=7824.0,7827.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/280","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Is that consistent with the demographics of the Jewish community? Was it not until that late . . . ?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=7827.0,7836.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/281","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e Pretty much so, because the swing then was to the northeast side in the area of Morningside, Rock Springs, and then later the area of . . . what's the name here? Near Wildwood Road, Lennox Road in that area, in the Lennox Park area. That was a little bit more expensive as far as housing was concerned. Then eventually we went northeast and northwest, northwest First.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=7836.0,7876.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/282","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e You put yourself sort of in between those two things at that same period of time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=7876.0,7879.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/283","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e We were looking northwest when we moved to this area. We were looking for a home. We found this area was so convenient for us. It was near to the hospitals. At that time, we had the expressway entrances right here on Peachtree, very near to us, you just would get to any segment of the city in just a few minutes. We chose this area.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=7879.0,7909.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/284","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e When you've moved here and affiliated with Shearith Israel then, it's over on Washington Street, you're here when it moves to its present geographic location.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=7909.0,7924.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/285","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e No, we were living over in that area at that time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=7924.0,7930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/286","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Over in the Washington Street area?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=7930.0,7933.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/287","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e Not on Washington Street, they were already up off Highland Avenue and University Drive when we moved here. Were on Homestead Avenue.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=7933.0,7945.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/288","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e I misunderstood. They had moved in the 1930's to the Highland area. No?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=7945.0,7958.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/289","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e No. Much later.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=7958.0,7959.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/290","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e You all moved . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=7959.0,7960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/291","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e We've been here 30 years, will be this year.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=7960.0,7962.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/292","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Here in this house, but you've been in Atlanta 45 or so.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=7962.0,7967.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/293","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e Forty six years that we've been back. We were here, that would be 1956, and they were . . . excuse me, bye Lucille. Trying to get myself oriented as to the dates when we moved. If you can cut that off a minute, I might . . . [interview pauses, then resumes] Laying of the cornerstone was November 1, 1957.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=7967.0,7999.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/294","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e That they laid the cornerstone at the present . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=7999.0,8000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/295","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e At the present location.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=8000.0,8002.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/296","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Before that they were . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=8002.0,8005.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/297","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e On Washington Street.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=8005.0,8007.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/298","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e On Washington Street. Is your sense that in terms of the demographics of the Jewish community that the move in 1957 from Washington Street to Highland Avenue and University is sort of consistent with the movement of . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=8007.0,8024.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/299","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e It had already started. They had already had a well-developed community there off Johnson Road in the Morningside area.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=8024.0,8035.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/300","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Then Shearith Israel makes that move and by then, The Temple has already moved down to Peachtree by then because The Temple was built in 1930's.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=8035.0,8051.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/301","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e The Temple was there when I came to Atlanta.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=8051.0,8054.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/302","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e The Temple had left that Washington Street area.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=8054.0,8057.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/303","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e I don't know where The Temple was . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=8057.0,8060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/304","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Originally it was back in that same Washington-Pryor, it was all back there, and The Temple was the first one to move north, somewhat perhaps in advance of the demographic shift. The Hebrew Academy isn't connected with Shearith Israel?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=8060.0,8085.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/305","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e The Hebrew Academy has no affiliation with any congregation. Never . . . we've cut across all lines; we consider ourselves a community school.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=8085.0,8099.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/306","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e There never was any thought of affiliating with any of the congregations?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=8099.0,8104.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/307","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e No, absolutely not, nor with Torah Umesorah, because we did not want to have any of those affiliations. We're an independent school.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=8104.0,8118.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/308","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Who was the spiritual leader of Shearith Israel when you move here? Do you recall?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=8118.0,8125.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/309","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e I can't recall his name . . . of course I do. What am I saying? Dr. Rabbi Tobias Geffen of blessed memory, of course he was. Then he had the assistant rabbi, Rabbi Hyman Friedman, who was here for a few years. All of whose–not all of his children, all of the children he had while he was in Atlanta–I delivered. Then there was Rabbi Heisler, Arnold Heisler. There was another rabbi after that who didn't stay long and who, unfortunately, had some scandal associated with his name. Then Rabbi [Sydney] Mossman of blessed memory. Then the rabbi, the one we love very much.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=8125.0,8195.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/310","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Are you up to Marc Wilson already?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=8195.0,8197.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/311","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e Marc Wilson. Now, we have Rabbi Judah Kogen.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=8197.0,8204.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/312","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e There's been some change over the years in the rabbinate, but I gather several of the rabbis passed away while they were here in Atlanta. It wasn't that they were moving through Atlanta as they developed there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=8204.0,8217.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/313","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e That's right. The only one who did was Rabbi Mossman and then Rabbi Geffen, who was almost 100 when he passed away, brilliant man.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=8217.0,8235.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/314","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Your sons were bar mitzvahed at Shearith Israel?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=8235.0,8239.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/315","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e In the present building, yes. My older son may possibly, I think he probably had the second bar mitzvah in that building.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=8239.0,8251.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/316","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Because they went to the Hebrew Academy, did they also study at Shearith Israel?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=8251.0,8260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/317","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e No, they did not study there at all.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=8260.0,8265.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/318","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Because if they were at the Hebrew Academy, they were getting more than they could possibly need.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=8265.0,8270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/319","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e They didn't go to Sunday school. There was no need for them to go to the Sunday school, certainly not to the afternoon school, everyday school.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=8270.0,8283.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/320","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Who were . . . I to just explore some name and sort of things about all of these things, let's take them in this sort of order, in terms of the Hebrew Academy, who are some of the people who at the foundation you recall other than obviously your husband and yourself as being instrumental in getting that project going and teachers?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=8283.0,8311.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/321","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e The director of the Bureau of Jewish Education at that time was Mr. Samuel H. Rosenberg of blessed memory, a very brilliant and remarkable and very loved person, and he really was the instigator, I think, as a matter of fact, there's a plaque up in the Academy attesting to that and in his memory. I think he was the one who really got the idea across. He had people who studied with him. He attracted people for that, and I think that's where it began.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=8311.0,8358.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/322","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Who were some of the other parents that you can recall?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=8358.0,8364.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/323","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e I don't know who had children in this school at that time when it started, but I know in the early years I can think of the Tenenbaums and . . . the Kricks. Mr. and Mrs. Edward Krick were very active in it. They didn't have children in it, but they were active in those early years. I'm sorry, the whole thing's telescopes and I've seen these people through the years on the board and it's hard really to place whether they were there at that time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=8364.0,8415.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/324","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e That's okay. It's just in terms of the whole historical perspective, it's good to know. Federation, you've talked about Mr. Kahn. Who are some of the other people that you recall in the early formative years when you got involved in Federation?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=8415.0,8436.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/325","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e Mr. Barney Medintz of blessed memory, very remarkable man who unfortunately died at an early age of a heart condition. He was a moving force, and Camp Barney Medintz is named for him. I remember him. Some still are alive today who were very active at that time. To go back to the old timers . . . Joy Howard's Father, had the brassiere manufacturing plant. I'm sorry, I should remember the name. I can see his face, he was active. I don't know how active . . . Ben Massell was, but he was a builder who did for this city in early years what John Portman has been doing in later years. Built some very important structures and had a lot to do with this community. I think he was the one who gave the property to the community. [interview pauses, then resumes]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=8436.0,8559.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/326","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e This is side two of the continuing interview of Dr. Gabler's second interview. We were talking as the tape ran out about the speculation that the Community Center was going to sell what I consider downtown property. When it was built it was out in the suburbs. You were saying that is probably going to happen sometime in the future.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=8559.0,8584.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/327","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, I think so, but this information you can get more from people like my husband and other people who are on the Federation board. I am not on the Federation board at present time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=8584.0,8597.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/328","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e I see. Coming back to Hadassah, can you recall some of the women that were active in Hadassah that impressed you during your years of . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=8597.0,8617.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/329","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e Gosh, there were so many of them, and as I say my memory for the names has gotten so bad. A lot of them have passed away Bert Travis was one . . . I'm really going blank; Rubye Goldstein is another. There were so many.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=8617.0,8662.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/330","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Was Hadassah the largest of the women's organizations at that time?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=8662.0,8674.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/331","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, as a matter of fact, I don't know how long after ORT started, or Mizrachi Women, or Pioneer Women, I think they came later on. I believe the National Council of Jewish Women already had a group here at that time. There was the Women's Service League, or Service Guild, I believe they still are in existence, but you don't hear much about them, but National Council of Jewish Women has done a tremendous amount of work.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=8674.0,8711.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/332","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e At that time, at least, when you came to Atlanta, Hadassah, National Council were the two major organizations that attracted volunteers.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=8711.0,8725.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/333","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e Later on after the war, the Jewish War Veterans Auxiliary. They still do some good community work. If I'd known that was coming and had time to collect my thoughts, I could have gotten some names down of some very wonderful women in those early years, who've done so much.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=8725.0,8758.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/334","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Let's move away from Jewish organizations and go back to the practice of medicine. When we talked last time, we talked just ever so briefly about the six women that went to medical school with you, and then there was a brief discussion about the organization here in Atlanta of woman physicians. You left over their discriminatory decision as to membership.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=8758.0,8796.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/335","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes. I'm sure it's no longer discriminatory, but it was at that time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=8796.0,8800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/336","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e What we've never talked about is women in the medical practice in general. We never really talked about Jews in the medical practice or Jewish women. They're really three separate issues. Can we talk a little bit about women in medical practice over these years here in Atlanta?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=8800.0,8828.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/337","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e There may have been one Jewish woman some years before I came, I don't know. But I was the only Jewish woman physician at the time I came to Atlanta, and there were a few other women practitioners. There was one who was a gynecologist, an obstetrician, and a couple who were pediatricians that I can think of. I was the first Jewish woman physician, first obstetrician gynecologist to come in . . . I don't know how many years after, but in the 1940's, Dr. Rose Lahman came. She was also an obstetricians and gynecologist, but she also did some general practice. I think she came probably several years after I did. It then was another woman physician who came was here briefly and left, married and moved to California. Some years later, Dr. Nanette Wenger came. For some years, we were the only Rose and I, and Nanette were the only Jewish women.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=8828.0,8911.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/338","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Jewish women, and there weren't maybe a dozen other women all . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=8911.0,8916.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/339","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e All together, including those in public health service and those who were on the staff at the women's college. Don't tell me I've forgotten that again. Anyway, it's a well-known women's college in DeKalb County and they have a woman.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=8916.0,8937.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/340","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e At Agnes Scott.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=8937.0,8938.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/341","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e Agnes Scott, yes. Thank you. Since that time, there have been others who have come. Some are in private practice. There was a plastic surgeon here who was a . . . She was a dermatologist; her husband was a plastic surgeon. They were here a number of years, but they made aliyah. Who's that, do you recall? Who's that, do you recall? Who's that, do you recall?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=8938.0,8972.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/342","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Who's that, do you recall?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=8972.0,8972.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/343","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e Who's that, do you recall? Who's that, do you recall? Who's that, do you recall? Michael, his name was Michael . . . I've had a very, very drastic change in my memory lately. I've been noticing trouble with names for some time, but it's really bad. Finerman, Michael Finerman was his name. There are some other young ones whose names I do not know. I think there's a woman neurologist here now. There may be someone who's in pulmonary therapy. I don't know if there's any in emergency.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=8972.0,9022.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/344","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e The numbers still are relatively small.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=9022.0,9024.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/345","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e Relatively small, but there are a number of them here now.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=9024.0,9028.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/346","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Were you and you and the other two,  Wenger . . . ?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=9028.0,9046.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/347","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e Lahman.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=9046.0,9047.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/348","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Lahman. Were you uniquely close because of . . . ?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=9047.0,9048.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/349","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes and no. Particularly Rose and I have been very good friends, and in the early years we socialized quite a bit. But then as we got busier, we became very friendly and very fond of each other, but we don't see each other very much. We saw each other often in organizations.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=9048.0,9064.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/350","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e You were active both in the Federation and . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=9064.0,9066.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/351","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, she was very active, too, and is. Nanette was considerably younger, and she was involved at Grady. She started at Grady at the beginning, she's become internationally well-known, travels all over the world. She's just very busy with that. She has been very busy in Jewish community service, too.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=9066.0,9101.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/352","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e When we talked last time, and even today, you sort of suggested not serious problems with antisemitism professionally and what have you. How about the gender discrimination? Obviously when you first got here in the war years, I would assume there was no place for that because the men were going off, and you were needed. I think you suggested that you wanted to enlist and were encouraged to stay and be here, but after the war and when things return to normal?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=9101.0,9142.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/353","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e We can go back a little further. When I first came and I went to Grady to volunteer my services. About the only placement I could get there was in an outpatient clinic on the white side. I could have been assigned to either side, but it happened to be that the head of the department with whom I spoke was on the white side, because then there were two different divisions, and I served in the . . . it was actually it was like Planned Parenthood thing. I would check the patients after they'd had children and try to advise them regarding planning future parenthood. I served there for many years, I think I mentioned that, until I stopped going.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=9142.0,9200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/354","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Your sense is that if you've been a male, you would have had more choice.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=9200.0,9203.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/355","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e Right, I probably would have been put on the staff or in service and on the floor. At that time they did not have any women residents. I possibly would have considered it if I knew it was possible to get on the staff to complete a residency there. We had already decided to go into private practice. I knew what the situation was, and I did not attempt that. I wouldn't call that . . . I don't think antisemitism was involved, but I think it was really discrimination against women because it took a number of years before they even had a woman medical student at Emory. She was a woman who had been on the staff teaching in the medical school. I think she taught biochemistry. She went into medicine and was a very fine internist, well known here, Dr. Elizabeth Gambrell, until she retired. As I said, there was no overt antisemitism, but there were little rumbles that there was some, and I believe there was. As I saw it, most of the referrals that we got from other physicians were not from the non-Jewish physicians. My husband did get some, and he had some very faithful doctors, as faithful in the fact that when they had a patient that needed surgery, they would call him.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=9203.0,9316.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/356","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e But these were people that he probably knew from when he was going to school here in Atlanta?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=9316.0,9319.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/357","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e No, no, these were non-Jewish physicians I'm talking about, who he did not know before.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=9319.0,9324.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/358","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Did not have any college contact.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=9324.0,9325.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/359","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e Who had met him and heard him and respected him and used him through the years that they were in practice. There weren't many of the non-Jewish physicians who did. There were some who sent their patients because the patients wanted him. That's what a physician should do. He should ask, do you have a surgeon? Who would you like to have? There were the non-Jewish physicians whose patients came to him, but there weren't too many who primarily would suggest Dr. Irving Greenberg, or many who would suggest Dr. Regina Gabler. As a matter of fact, I think those that I got from the non-Jewish community were usually from physicians whose patients wanted to come to me or had heard about me in a special particular capacity and wanted to use my services. Some pediatricians would send their little girls to me for a gynecological problem. There wasn't too much help from that community. Most of our patients came from the Jewish community directly by referral or from the Jewish physicians' referral.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=9325.0,9411.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/360","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e You and your other Jewish female colleagues sort of had a double negative view. The non-Jewish and larger medical community wasn't anxious to make referrals to the Jewish doctors, and then on top of that, they certainly weren't anxious make referrals to . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=9411.0,9432.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/361","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, I wouldn't use the term non-anxious. They had their own colleagues and their own friends, and naturally those are the ones they would refer to. I'll have to confess that when I made referrals, I would prefer to refer them to people I knew, who I knew were competent. I would primarily try to refer to those physicians.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=9432.0,9454.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/362","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e You had grown up in a world with a large Jewish population and a world that was comfortable with ethnic groupings and then you come with Irving back here to Atlanta, where there's not a large Jewish community, there's not a large Italian community. Was that uncomfortable for you?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=9454.0,9481.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/363","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e No, I never sensed that. I think the only discomfort I had were on a few occasions when I would be asked these questions by this physician I mentioned, who I think deliberately was trying to make me uncomfortable. I've had questions from other non-Jewish physicians, but out of genuine interest in asking for information and not doing it to goad me. I didn't feel the burden of antisemitism here. What I did feel I think was the fact that they would prefer to refer to a physician who was not a woman. Actually, I felt some of that in the general community too. I may have mentioned that in the building which we had our first office, it was a cafeteria, and we frequently had lunch there. The man who headed the cafeteria always addressed me as Mrs. Doc, he never could say Dr. Gabler. He said, Mrs. Doc, and a lot of people would say Mrs., and they found it hard to realize that a woman was a physician. I'd be on the floor in a hospital, coming out from the delivery room or something and people would see me in my uniform, my gown for the operating room, for the delivery room, and they'd say, \"Nurse!\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=9481.0,9591.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/364","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e I'm sure a lot of that's still true today.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=9591.0,9593.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/365","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e Not a lot, there's some. I never say I'm a doctor; I always answer the questions. Let them think what they wanted.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=9593.0,9606.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/366","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e We should digress. Let's turn to something totally different, because you said something a little earlier, and as I sit here, I don't recall our talking about it last time. You said, \"I told you about my parents being Zionists.\" I don't think you did.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=9606.0,9626.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/367","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e Didn't I tell you that my parents received a wedding gift from Henrietta Szold?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=9626.0,9630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/368","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=9630.0,9631.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/369","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e That was because of . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=9631.0,9632.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/370","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e I don't recall our getting into how they got involved in the Zionist movement, how deeply involved were they.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=9632.0,9644.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/371","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e Particularly this was true of my mother because I knew more of her activities than I did of my father, but I know as a child, she was supposed to have been one who presented flowers to this very famous Zionist who came over I don't know what his name was, Litvinoff or something like that. He's a very famous Zionist. Then as she got a little older, she was in the Zionist group.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=9644.0,9672.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/372","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e That suggests that her parents were Zionists even before her.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=9672.0,9677.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/373","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e I don't know. I presume they favored it, I presume so, but I really don't know, because my grandfather died when I was very young. I don't know whether my grandmother was active. I know when I was older, I did not know of either my mother or my grandmother being in a Zionist organization. They were not members of Hadassah that I know of. My mother had too many other organizations that she was busy with, but she was not in Hadassah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=9677.0,9715.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/374","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Her period of intense Zionism predates . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=9715.0,9721.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/375","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e When she was active in Zionism, this was when she was a young girl. She was busy with Ivria, but not with the Hadassah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=9721.0,9733.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/376","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Somehow when you came here and saw what Hadassah was doing in Israel, that struck a warm chord.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=9733.0,9741.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/377","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e It certainly did, it certainly did.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=9741.0,9743.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/378","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e That reminded you of something that Mother would approve of.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=9743.0,9746.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/379","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e I didn't think of that, but she did. She certainly did.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=9746.0,9755.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/380","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e This has been just delightful, and I thank you. I have no more questions, unless you have some bomb you want to drop at the end of this.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=9755.0,9770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/381","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e No, I've seen Atlanta change so much from the time I came. I'm ready for it to stop growing. I don't like some of the things I see that's happening in Atlanta, but it was bound to come, I predicted it years ago.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=9770.0,9792.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/382","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Some of the things that you're not happy with go to the evolution of the current Jewish community?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=9792.0,9803.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/383","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e No, city and commercial development with tearing up areas and putting up all these . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=9803.0,9809.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/384","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Tall buildings that will block our sun.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=9809.0,9810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/385","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e . . . Tall buildings, getting rid of our trees, and the crime that's come in the wake, the drugs, and that sort of thing. It just bothers me a great deal.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=9810.0,9823.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/386","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e How about how the Jewish community has grown and prospered? It was a relatively small community; it's getting relatively large.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=9823.0,9831.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/387","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e I'm proud of that. I think that we've done well. Most of the people who've come here to visit have come back. A lot of the people, the men who were stationed at Fort McPherson and other surrounding areas where they came into Atlanta on their leaves, the soldiers came back later to settle here. Or some couple would settle and then family would come to follow. Members of my family would have liked to come to Atlanta except the type of business they were in kept them up in New York.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=9831.0,9865.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/388","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Do you suppose the Federation has played–this is almost a leading question–Do you see the Federation as having played a major role in keeping the Atlanta Jewish community bonded together?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=9865.0,9875.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/389","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e I think that it helped really bond it by what they've done involving people from different religious segments, from the different temples and synagogues, involving them in the work of the Federation. They worked together and I think that’s where the fusion came. We broke the divisiveness between the German Jews of The Temple and the Orthodox Jews of the southeast, southwest side . . . and what they've done has been tremendous. I think there are good feelings with all the groups. I like it, that part satisfies me a great deal.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=9875.0,9928.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/390","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOZANSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Happily your son likes it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=9928.0,9929.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/transcript/84549/annotation/391","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGABLER:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=9929.0,9929.5"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/annotation_set/2039","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Annotations [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/annotation_set/2039/annotation/392","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe American Jewish Committee of Atlanta is a regional branch of the American Jewish Committee (AJC). AJC was founded in 1906 to safeguard the welfare and security of Jews worldwide. It is one of the oldest Jewish advocacy organizations in the United States. AJC Atlanta founded the Atlanta Black-Jewish Coalition in 1982 to build relations between the communities, focusing on education, outreach, and advocacy. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=15.0,42.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/annotation_set/2039/annotation/393","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe National Council of Jewish Women is an organization of volunteers and advocates, founded in the 1890's, who turn progressive ideals in advocacy and philanthropy inspired by Jewish values. They strive to improve the quality of life for women, children and families.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=15.0,42.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/annotation_set/2039/annotation/394","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eNathaniel “Nat” E. Gozansky (b. 1940) was an Emory law professor for 45 years. He attended the University of Miami, Yale University, and Florida State University. In addition to his career at Emory, he was also regional director of the Office of Legal Services in 1968, director of the Council on Legal Education Opportunity (CLEO) from 1970 to 1972, chair of the Association of American Law Schools Section on Family and Juvenile Law from 1973 to 1974, Board of Governors of the Society of American Law Teachers from 1974 to 1977, and a hearing officer and arbitrator on both the federal and state levels. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=15.0,42.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/annotation_set/2039/annotation/395","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eVienna is the capital city of Austria and sits on the Danube River. The city has been called the “City of Music” because of its musical legacy with many famous classical musicians including Beethoven, Brahms, Haydn, Mozart, and Schubert living and working in the city. The city has a rich architectural history with Baroque palaces and gardens. Vienna hosts many major international organizations, including the United Nations, OPEC, and the OSCE. In 1945, Vienna was divided into sectors by the four powers: the US, the UK, France, and the Soviet Union and supervised by an Allied Commission. The four-power control of Vienna lasted until the Austrian State Treaty was signed in May 1955 and came into force on 27 July 1955. By October, all soldiers had left the country.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=42.0,208.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/annotation_set/2039/annotation/396","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGymnasium (and variations of the word) is a term in various European languages for a secondary school that prepares students for higher education at a university. It is comparable to the US English term preparatory high school or the British term grammar school.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=42.0,208.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/annotation_set/2039/annotation/397","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBayonne, New Jersey is located south of New York City in Hudson County, New Jersey. A portion of the Port of New York and New Jersey is located in the city, also is the Cape Liberty Cruise Port. The city became one of the largest centers in the U.S. for refining crude oil at Standard Oil of New Jersey’s facility.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=241.0,623.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/annotation_set/2039/annotation/398","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWorld War II (abbreviated WWII or WW2) was a global war involving fighting in most of the world and most countries. Most countries fought in the years 1939–1945 but some started fighting in 1937. Most of the world's countries, including all the great powers, fought as part of two military alliances: the Allies and the Axis Powers. World War II was the largest and deadliest conflict in all of history. It involved more countries, cost more money, involved more people, and killed more people than any other war in history. Between 50 to 85 million people died. The majority were civilians. It included massacres, the deliberate genocide of the Holocaust, strategic bombing, starvation, disease, and the only use of nuclear weapons against civilians in history.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=241.0,623.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/annotation_set/2039/annotation/399","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Chrysler Building is a 1,046-foot-tall Art Deco skyscraper located in the East Midtown neighborhood of Manhattan, New York City. Located at the intersection of 42nd Street and Lexington Avenue, it is the tallest brick building in the world with a steel framework. It was both the world's first supertall skyscraper and the world's tallest building for 11 months after its completion in 1930. As of 2019, the Chrysler is the 12th-tallest building in the city, tied with The New York Times Building.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=241.0,623.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/annotation_set/2039/annotation/400","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eUHCA (United Hot Clubs of America) was a jazz reissue record label founded in the mid-1930’s by Milton Gabler, which focused on releasing long-unavailable classic jazz and blues recordings from the 1920’s and 1930’s. Operating out of Gabler's Commodore Music Shop, UHCA offered these classic performances through a mail-order subscription service and later a more general retail approach, reissuing them from original masters or clean copies.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=241.0,623.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/annotation_set/2039/annotation/401","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDecca Records is a British record label established in 1929 by Edward Lewis after his acquisition of a gramophone manufacturer, The Decca Gramophone Company. It set up an American subsidiary under the Decca name, which became an independent company just before the Second World War. The American spin-off became a subsidiary of MCA Inc. in 1962. Known for its technical innovations, the British parent company grew to become the second most successful recording company in Britain and celebrated fifty years of existence in 1979, shortly before being sold to PolyGram. Both Decca and its former subsidiary were subsequently acquired by Universal Music. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=241.0,623.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/annotation_set/2039/annotation/402","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBenjamin David Goodman (1909-1986) was an American clarinetist and bandleader, known as the \"King of Swing\". He was the ninth of twelve children born to Jewish emigrants from the Russian Empire. His father, David Goodman, came to the United States in 1892 from Warsaw in partitioned Poland and became a tailor. His mother, Dora Grisinsky, came from Kaunas. They met in Baltimore, Maryland, and moved to Chicago before Goodman's birth. From 1936 until the mid-1940’s, Goodman led one of the most popular swing big bands in the United States. Goodman's bands started the careers of many jazz musicians. During an era of racial segregation, he led one of the first integrated jazz groups, his trio and quartet. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=241.0,623.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/annotation_set/2039/annotation/403","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCommodore Records was an American independent record label known for producing Dixieland jazz and swing. It is also remembered for releasing Billie Holiday's hit \"Strange Fruit\". Commodore Records was founded in the spring of 1938 by Milt Gabler, a native of Harlem who founded the Commodore Music Shop in 1926 in Manhattan at 136 East 42nd Street, and from 1938 to 1941, with a branch at 46 West 52nd Street. In the early 1960’s, a series of Commodore albums was compiled by Gabler and released by Mainstream.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=241.0,623.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/annotation_set/2039/annotation/404","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\"Strange Fruit\" is a song written and composed by Abel Meeropol (under his pseudonym Lewis Allan) and recorded by Billie Holiday in 1939. The lyrics were drawn from a poem by Meeropol, published in 1937. The song protests the lynching of African Americans with lyrics that compare the victims to the fruit of trees. Such lynchings had reached a peak in the Southern United States at the turn of the 20th century, and most victims were African American. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=241.0,623.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/annotation_set/2039/annotation/405","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBillie Holiday (born Eleanora Fagan; 1915-1959) was an American jazz and swing music singer. Nicknamed \"Lady Day\" by her friend and music partner, Lester Young, Holiday made significant contributions to jazz music and pop singing. Her vocal style, strongly influenced by jazz instrumentalists, inspired a new way of manipulating phrasing and tempo. Throughout the 1930’s and 1940’s, Holiday had mainstream success on labels such as Columbia and Decca. However, by the late 1940’s, she was beset with legal troubles and drug abuse. After a short prison sentence, Holiday performed a sold-out concert at Carnegie Hall. She was a successful concert performer throughout the 1950’s, with two further sold-out shows at Carnegie Hall. Holiday won four Grammy Awards, all of them posthumously, for Best Historical Album. She was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame and the National Rhythm \u0026amp; Blues Hall of Fame. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=241.0,623.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/annotation_set/2039/annotation/406","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMilton Gabler (1911- 2001) was born in Harlem, New York, to Susie Kasindorf and Julius Gabler. He began working in his father's business, a hardware store located on East 42nd Street in New York City. The store eventually sold Milt Gabler's Commodore Records and was transformed into the Commodore Music Shop, which moved to 52nd Street. Gabler was a record producer, responsible for many innovations in the recording industry of the 20th century. These included being the first person to deal in record reissues, the first to sell records by mail order, and the first to credit all the musicians on the recordings. He was also a successful songwriter, writing the lyrics for a number of standards, including \"In a Mellow Tone,\" \"Danke Schoen,\" and \"L-O-V-E.\"\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=241.0,623.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/annotation_set/2039/annotation/407","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Uptown Hudson Tubes are a pair of tunnels that carry Port Authority Trans-Hudson (PATH) trains between Manhattan, New York City, to the east and Jersey City, New Jersey, to the west. The tubes do not enter Uptown Manhattan; the name reflects their location north of the Downtown Hudson Tubes that connect Jersey City and the World Trade Center.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=745.0,968.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/annotation_set/2039/annotation/408","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eYichus\u003c/em\u003e is a Hebrew-based Yiddish word meaning \"lineage\". In some past and present Jewish communities, good \u003cem\u003eyichus\u003c/em\u003e, meaning descent from a family of high reputation, is necessary for a person to be considered as a potential marriage partner. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=745.0,968.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/annotation_set/2039/annotation/409","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eVilna \u003cem\u003eGaon\u003c/em\u003e refers to Elijah ben Shlomo Zalman (1720-1797) who was considered the central figure of Lithuanian Jewry. He was born into a rabbinical and scholarly family in Vilna, Lithuania. He was a \u003cem\u003eTorah\u003c/em\u003e scholar, \u003cem\u003ekabbalist\u003c/em\u003e, and communal leader. He encouraged his students to study secular sciences, and even translated geometry books to Yiddish and Hebrew, chief among them \u003cem\u003eSefer HaEuclid\u003c/em\u003e. When \u003cem\u003eHasidic\u003c/em\u003e Judaism became influential in Vilna, the Vilna \u003cem\u003eGaon\u003c/em\u003e, joining the rabbis and heads of the Polish communities, took steps to check the \u003cem\u003eHasidic\u003c/em\u003e influence. In 1777, one of the first excommunications by the \u003cem\u003eMitnagdim\u003c/em\u003e was launched in Vilna against the \u003cem\u003eHasidim\u003c/em\u003e, while a letter was also addressed to all of the large communities, exhorting them to deal with the \u003cem\u003eHasidim\u003c/em\u003e following the example of Vilna, and to watch them until they had recanted. The letter was acted upon by several communities; and in Brody, during the trade fair, the cherem (ban of excommunication) was pronounced against the \u003cem\u003eHasidim\u003c/em\u003e. In 1781, when the Hasidim renewed their proselytizing work under the leadership of their Rabbi Shneur Zalman of Liadi, the \u003cem\u003eGaon\u003c/em\u003e excommunicated them again, declaring them to be heretics with whom no pious Jew might intermarry. However, the excommunications did not stop the tide of \u003cem\u003eHasidism\u003c/em\u003e. The \u003cem\u003eGaon\u003c/em\u003e of Vilna was known also by the acronym \"Gra,\" for \"\u003cem\u003eGaon\u003c/em\u003e Rabbi Eliyahu.\"\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=745.0,968.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/annotation_set/2039/annotation/410","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBrooklyn is a borough of New York City. It is named after the Dutch town of Breukelen. It is located on the westernmost edge of Long Island and shares a border with Queens.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=745.0,968.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/annotation_set/2039/annotation/411","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRostov-on-Don is a port city and the administrative center of Rostov Oblast and the Southern Federal District of Russia. It lies in the southeastern part of the East European Plain on the Don River, directly north of the North Caucasus. The southwestern suburbs of the city lie above the Don River delta. Rostov-on-Don has a population of over one million people and is an important cultural, educational, economic, and logistical center of Southern Russia.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=745.0,968.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/annotation_set/2039/annotation/412","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTyphoid fever is a disease caused by consuming food or drink that have a been contaminated with bacteria. It impacts the organs and if treatment isn't provided it can be fatal.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=1155.0,1207.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/annotation_set/2039/annotation/413","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe 1918 flu pandemic (January 1918-December 1920) was an unusually deadly influenza pandemic, It infected people across the world, including remote Pacific islands and the Arctic, and killed 50 to 100 million of them—three to five percent of the world's population—making it one of the deadliest natural disasters in human history. In the United States it was commonly known as the \"Spanish Flu.\"\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=1155.0,1207.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/annotation_set/2039/annotation/414","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWorld War I, also called First World War or Great War, was an international conflict from 1914 to 1918 that embroiled most of the nations of Europe along with Russia, the United States, the Middle East, and other regions. The war pitted the Central Powers—mainly Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Turkey—against the Allies—mainly France, Great Britain, Russia, Italy, Japan, and, from 1917, the United States. It ended with the defeat of the Central Powers.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=1155.0,1207.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/annotation_set/2039/annotation/415","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSt. Louis is located in east-central Missouri near the confluence of the Mississippi and Missouri Rivers. Native Americans originally inhabited the area for generations before European settlers came. French fur traders founded the city in 1764 and named it for King Louis IX of France. By the 1800s, the city became a major port city on the Mississippi River. Today, the city is the second largest city in Missouri.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=1155.0,1207.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/annotation_set/2039/annotation/416","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSafed, also known as Tzfat, and officially as Zefat, is a city in the Northern District of Israel. Safed is the highest city in the Galilee and in Israel. Safed has a large Haredi community and remains a center for Jewish religious studies. Safed today hosts the Ziv Hospital as well as the Zefat Academic College. Due to its high elevation, the city has warm summers and cold, often snowy winters. Its mild climate and scenic views have made Safed a popular holiday resort frequented by Israelis and foreign visitors. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=1211.0,1458.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/annotation_set/2039/annotation/417","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLillian “Lee” Kasindorf Kavey (1889-1986) was born in New York to Isaac and Mary Blass Kasindorf. She was very active in the Port Chester community, helping bring European citizens of Jewish descent to the United States in the late 1930’s and early 1940’s. She helped found the Port Chester Jewish Community Center and was a member of the Board of Directors of the Carver Center. She was active in organizations, including the Port Chester Chamber of Commerce and the Women's League of the Jewish Theological Seminary in Manhattan. She married Abraham Kavey in 1908, and together the couple founded several businesses, including a bank and a travel bureau. They had three children, Milton, Leon, and Edith.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=1211.0,1458.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/annotation_set/2039/annotation/418","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eYiddish is the common historical language of Ashkenazi Jews from Central and Eastern Europe. It is heavily Germanic based but uses the Hebrew alphabet. The language was spoken or understood as a common tongue for many European Jews up until the middle of the twentieth century. Although the terms “Yiddish” and “Yid” are sometimes used to refer to Jews, Yiddish is a reference to a person's language and not necessarily their ethnicity, religion, or culture. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=1459.0,2142.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/annotation_set/2039/annotation/419","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Ethical Culture Fieldston School (ECFS), also known more simply as Fieldston or Ethical Culture, is a private pre-K through 12th grade coeducational school in New York City with two campuses, in Manhattan and in the Bronx. The school is a member of the Ivy Preparatory School League. The school serves approximately 1,700 students with 480 faculty and staff.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=1459.0,2142.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/annotation_set/2039/annotation/420","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eZionism is a movement which supports a Jewish national state in the territory defined as the Land of Israel. Although Zionism existed before the nineteenth century, in the 1890s Theodor Herzl popularized it and gave it a new urgency, as he believed that Jewish life in Europe was threatened and a State of Israel was needed. The State of Israel was established in 1948 and Zionism today is expressed as support for the continued existence of Israel.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=1459.0,2142.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/annotation_set/2039/annotation/421","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHenrietta Szold (1860-1945) founded Hadassah, the Women’s Zionist Organization of America, as well as being a Zionist leader. She advocated for a larger role for women in Rabbinic Judaism, most famously by reciting Mourners’ \u003cem\u003eKaddish\u003c/em\u003e for her parents when traditionally only men recited it. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=1459.0,2142.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/annotation_set/2039/annotation/422","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA \u003cem\u003ehanukiah\u003c/em\u003e (or \u003cem\u003echanukiah\u003c/em\u003e) is the proper term for a candelabra with nine branches that is lit during \u003cem\u003eHanukkah\u003c/em\u003e. Since \u003cem\u003eHanukkah\u003c/em\u003e lasts for eight days it permits the lighting of eight candles, one for each day, by the ninth candle. Generally, the candelabra used at \u003cem\u003eHanukkah\u003c/em\u003e is almost always called a \u003cem\u003emenorah\u003c/em\u003e. However, the menorah, which has only seven branches, is an ancient symbol of the Jews and which has become connected with \u003cem\u003eHanukkah\u003c/em\u003e. According to the \u003cem\u003eTalmud\u003c/em\u003e, after the desecration of the Jewish Temple in Jerusalem, there was only enough pure oil left to fuel the eternal flame in the Temple for one day. Miraculously, the oil burned for eight days which was enough to make new pure oil. The \u003cem\u003eTalmud\u003c/em\u003e states that it is prohibited to use a seven-branched \u003cem\u003emenorah\u003c/em\u003e outside of the Temple so the \u003cem\u003eHanukkah menorah\u003c/em\u003e (\u003cem\u003ehanukiah\u003c/em\u003e) has nine branches.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=1459.0,2142.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/annotation_set/2039/annotation/423","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePort Chester is a village in New York and the largest part of the town of Rye in Westchester County by population. Port Chester borders Connecticut and the town of Greenwich to the east. The village of Port Chester is nicknamed the \"Gateway to New England\" and serves as a transportation hub between New England states and New York. Its economy is primarily stimulated by small businesses, the local government, and several national chain stores.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=1459.0,2142.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/annotation_set/2039/annotation/424","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Jewish Theological Seminary of America is a Conservative Jewish education organization in New York City. Founded in 1886, It is one of the academic and spiritual centers of Conservative Judaism and a major center for academic scholarship in Jewish studies.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=1459.0,2142.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/annotation_set/2039/annotation/425","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMiami is a city located in south Florida on the coast of the Atlantic Ocean. It is the second largest city in Florida and the county seat of Miami-Dade County.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=1459.0,2142.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/annotation_set/2039/annotation/426","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDr. Irving \"Greenie\" Greenberg (1911-2006) was born in Poland and came to Atlanta with his family in 1913. He was a graduate of Emory University Medical School. Following his service in the United States Army (1941 to 1946) he returned to Atlanta where he practiced General Surgery for more than 40 years and pioneered Early Ambulation, post-operative care in which a patient gets out of bed and engages in light activity as soon as possible after an operation. He served on the board of almost every major medical and Jewish organization in Atlanta. He co-founded the Greenfield Hebrew Academy, helped establish the first blood bank in Atlanta, and co-chaired the Jewish Federation’s first annual campaign that raised $1,000,000. He was married to Dr. Regina Gabler, and they had two children, Ira and Leonard. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=1459.0,2142.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/annotation_set/2039/annotation/427","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIvria was a Zionist youth organization started in 1911. The initiators and leaders were Yehoshua Kahat and Aharon Steinhaus, who were joined by teachers David Milisman and Avraham Frankl.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=1459.0,2142.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/annotation_set/2039/annotation/428","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHadassah, the Women’s Zionist Organization of America, is a volunteer service organization founded in 1912 by Henrietta Szold. It currently has over 300,000 members and supporters worldwide. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=1459.0,2142.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/annotation_set/2039/annotation/429","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGertrude “Gertie” Kasindorf Rosumoff (1893-1977) was born in New York to Isaac and Mary Blass Kasindorf. She married Albert Rosumoff in 1907, and they had three children, Bernice, Eunice, and Laurel. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=2143.0,2420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/annotation_set/2039/annotation/430","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePolio is a highly infectious viral disease that mainly affects the nerves in the spinal cord or brain stem. Polio can lead to paralysis, trouble breathing or death. A vaccine for the disease was developed by Jonas Salk in 1955.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=2143.0,2420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/annotation_set/2039/annotation/431","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDorothy “Dora” Kasindorf Krauser (1896-1959) was born in New York to Isaac and Mary Blass Kasindorf. She married Morris Krauser in 1919, and they had three children, Leonard, Gloria, and Edwin. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=2143.0,2420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/annotation_set/2039/annotation/432","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBright's disease is a historical classification of kidney diseases that are described in modern medicine as acute or chronic nephritis. It was characterized by swelling and the presence of albumin in the urine. It was frequently accompanied by high blood pressure and heart disease.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=2436.0,2520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/annotation_set/2039/annotation/433","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOrthodox Judaism is a traditional branch of Judaism that strictly follows the written \u003cem\u003eTorah\u003c/em\u003e and the oral law concerning prayer, dress, food, sex, family relations, social behavior, the Sabbath day, holidays, and more. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=2586.0,2593.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/annotation_set/2039/annotation/434","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA \u003cem\u003echeder\u003c/em\u003e is a traditional elementary school teaching the basics of Judaism and the Hebrew language.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=2595.0,2774.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/annotation_set/2039/annotation/435","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThroggs Neck is a neighborhood and peninsula in the south-eastern portion of the borough of the Bronx in New York City. It is bounded by the East River and Long Island Sound to the south and east, Westchester Creek on the west, and Baisley Avenue and the Bruckner Expressway on the north.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=2595.0,2774.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/annotation_set/2039/annotation/436","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Bronx is a borough of New York City. The borough covers 42 square miles and the only borough not primarily on an island. Yankee Stadium, the New York Botanical Garden and the Bronx Zoo are in the Borough. During the 19th and 20th century, the Bronx has been home to various immigrant groups.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=2595.0,2774.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/annotation_set/2039/annotation/437","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eNew Rochelle is a city in Westchester County, New York. It is a suburb of New York City, located approximately 17 miles from Midtown Manhattan. This area was occupied by cultures of indigenous peoples for thousands of years. By the 17th century, the historic Lenape bands, who spoke a language in the Algonquian family, were prominent in the area. The community of La Nouvelle-Rochelle was established in 1688 by French immigrants from La Rochelle, France. During the 19th century, New York City was a destination from the mid-century on by waves of immigration, principally from Ireland and Germany, more established American families left New York City and moved into this area. Although the original French population rapidly shrank in relative size, through ownership of land, businesses, banks, and small manufactures, they retained a predominant hold on the political and social life of the town.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=2917.0,3154.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/annotation_set/2039/annotation/438","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBorough Park (also spelled Boro Park) is a neighborhood in the southwestern part of the borough of Brooklyn, in New York City. It is economically diverse and home to one of the largest Orthodox Jewish communities outside Israel, with one of the largest concentrations of Jews in the United States. With Orthodox and Haredi families having an average of 6.72 children, Boro Park is experiencing a sharp growth in population.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=2917.0,3154.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/annotation_set/2039/annotation/439","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA severe worldwide economic downturn known as the Great Depression began in the United States in 1929. It was the longest, most widespread, and deepest depression of the 20th century with far-reaching effects around the globe, especially in Europe. In Europe, World War I had a long-term impact on the economy and financial stability. Postwar inflation spiraled into hyperinflation by the 1920’s and European banks struggled to stay open. Exasperating the situation were skyrocketing unemployment rates. The Great Depression had immediately visible political and social ramifications in Europe, including increased antisemitism and nationalism.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=2917.0,3154.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/annotation_set/2039/annotation/440","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHunter College is a public university in New York City. It is one of the constituent colleges of the City University of New York, and offers studies in more than one hundred undergraduate and postgraduate fields across five schools. It also administers Hunter College High School and Hunter College Elementary School. Hunter was founded in 1870 as a women's college; it first admitted male freshmen in 1946. The main campus has been located on Park Avenue since 1873. In 1943, Eleanor Roosevelt dedicated Franklin Delano Roosevelt's and her former townhouse to the college; the building was reopened in 2010 as the Roosevelt House Public Policy Institute at Hunter College.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=2917.0,3154.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/annotation_set/2039/annotation/441","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMacy's, originally R. H. Macy \u0026amp; Co., is an American department store chain founded in 1858 by Rowland Hussey Macy. In 1994, it acquired the Bloomingdale's department store chain and the two companies were united under Macy's, Inc. in 2007. Macy's has conducted the annual Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade in New York City since 1924 and has sponsored the city's annual Fourth of July fireworks display since 1976. Macy's operates with 508 stores in the United States. Its flagship store is located at Herald Square in Manhattan. That store covers almost an entire New York City block and serves as the endpoint for the Thanksgiving Day parade. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=3333.0,3381.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/annotation_set/2039/annotation/442","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHelen Gabler Greenfield (1914-2001) was born in the Bronx to Susie Kasindorf and Julius Gabler. She had five siblings: Milton, Regina, Bernard, Irving, and Joel. In 1939, Helen Gabler married Jack Crystal. They had three sons: Joel, the current Long Beach City Council president and retired Long Beach High School teacher; TV and movie producer Richard; and comedian/actor Billy. During the late 1950's and early 1960's, Helen served as the executive secretary at the Nassau County Department of Mental Health. Jack died in 1963. In 1971, Helen Crystal married her second husband, Al Greenfield, and they split their time between their Miami Beach and Long Beach. She was the president of her local Hadassah chapter in Miami. She was also a longtime member of Temple Emanu-El in Long Beach.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=3333.0,3381.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/annotation_set/2039/annotation/443","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIrving Murray Gabler (1920-1942) was born in the Bronx to Susie Kasindorf and Julius Gabler. He had five siblings: Milton, Regina, Helen, Bernard, and Joel. He served in the United States Army Signal Corps (USASC) during World War II. He passed away at 22 from a brain tumor. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=3393.0,3621.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/annotation_set/2039/annotation/444","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Savage School for Physical Education was the oldest school of its kind in New York State until it was absorbed by the New York University School of Education in 1943. The Savage School was founded by Dr. Watson L. Savage, a physician and physical educator. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=3393.0,3621.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/annotation_set/2039/annotation/445","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBernard “Barney” Gabler (1915-1974) was born in the Bronx to Susie Kasindorf and Julius Gabler. He had five siblings: Milton, Regina, Helen, Irving, and Joel. He served in the United States Army during World War II. In 1939, he married Geraldine Shefler.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=3393.0,3621.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/annotation_set/2039/annotation/446","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eNew York Medical College is a private medical school in Valhalla, New York. It was founded in 1860 and is a member of the Touro University System. The college offers advance degrees through its three schools – the School of Medicine, the Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, and the School of Health Sciences and Practice.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=3730.0,4009.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/annotation_set/2039/annotation/447","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHarlem Hospital Center, branded as NYC Health + Hospitals/Harlem, is a 282-bed, public teaching hospital affiliated with Columbia University. It is located at 506 Lenox Avenue in Harlem, Manhattan, New York City, and was founded on April 18, 1887. The hospital was established to provide healthcare to the citizens of the neighborhood. Initially, the hospital served as a holding area for patients to be transferred to Randalls and Wards Islands and Bellevue Hospital. With the wave of African Americans who moved to New York after World War I, the hospital soon outgrew its initial building. After acquiring land, a new building opened on April 13, 1907. The hospital developed a teaching program that is affiliated with Columbia University and has continued to serve the Harlem neighborhood since its inception.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=3730.0,4009.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/annotation_set/2039/annotation/448","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEmory University is a private research university in Atlanta, Georgia. Founded in 1836 as \"Emory College\" by the Methodist Episcopal Church and named in honor of Methodist bishop John Emory, Emory is the second-oldest private institution of higher education in Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=3730.0,4009.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/annotation_set/2039/annotation/449","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Emory University School of Medicine is the graduate medical school of Emory University, a private research university in Atlanta, Georgia. The University School of Medicine was formed in 1915 from the merger of the Atlanta Medical College, the Southern Medical College, and the Atlanta School of Medicine. The school is located on the university’s main campus in the Druid Hills neighborhood. The medical school offers a full-time Doctor of Medicine degree program, master’s programs in Anesthesiology and Genetic Counseling, and degrees in Physical Therapy and Physician Assistant training.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=3730.0,4009.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/annotation_set/2039/annotation/450","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eManhattan General Hospital is a defunct hospital that also used the name Manhattan Hospital and relocated more than once beginning in the 1920’s. It was founded by Alfred A. Richman, who had opened a private sanitarium in 1925. He subsequently founded Manhattan General Hospital. Manhattan General merged with Mount Sinai Beth Israel in 1964 and closed.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=3730.0,4009.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/annotation_set/2039/annotation/451","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eObstetrics and gynecology is the branch of the medical care that focuses on pregnancy, childbirth and the postpartum period (obstetrics), and the female reproductive systems (gynecology).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=3730.0,4009.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/annotation_set/2039/annotation/452","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Apollo Theater (formerly the Hurtig \u0026amp; Seamon's New Theatre; also Apollo Theatre or 125th Street Apollo Theatre) is a multi-use theater at 253 West 125th Street in the Harlem neighborhood of Upper Manhattan in New York City. It is a popular venue for Black American performers and is the home of the TV show Showtime at the Apollo. Among the theater's longest-running events is Amateur Night at the Apollo, a weekly show where audiences judge the quality of novice performances. Many of the theater's most famous performers are inducted into the Apollo Legends Hall of Fame, and the theater has commissioned various works and hosted educational programs. The Apollo has had a large impact on African-American culture and has been featured in multiple books and shows.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=3730.0,4009.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/annotation_set/2039/annotation/453","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBoulevard Hospital was a 234-bed private hospital in Queens, NY. The hospital opened in 1927. Boulevard was owned by a group of 24 doctors. The hospital lost its payment stream from Medicaid and Medicare and closed. Two years prior, they had fired their administrator, who provided authorities with evidence that facilitated investigating alleged improprieties, including \"improperly withheld refunds due thousands of patients and used hospital employees for the owners' personal chores.\"\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=3730.0,4009.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/annotation_set/2039/annotation/454","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLong Island is a densely populated island in the southeastern part of the New York metropolitan area. Historically, Long Island has been populated by descendants of 19th and early 20th century immigrants from Europe, including significant populations of ethnic Irish, Jewish, and Italian immigrants. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=3730.0,4009.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/annotation_set/2039/annotation/455","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDr. Luther C. Fischer (1871-1953) was the co-founder of Atlanta's Crawford W. Long Memorial Hospital. He was president and treasurer of Crawford W. Long Hospital at his death. He had given the property to Emory University in 1939. He and Dr. E. C. Davis founded the institution in 1911, and Dr. Fischer became the sole owner upon Dr. Davis' death in 1932. Dr. Fischer attended the old Atlanta College of Physicians and Surgeons, which became a part of Emory University Medical School. He did post-graduate work in New York, Vienna, and Berlin.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=4231.0,4357.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/annotation_set/2039/annotation/456","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCrawford W. Long Memorial Hospital was established in 1906 as a sanatorium by Dr. Luther C. Fischer. Originally named the Davis-Fischer Sanitorium, it was located on Crew Street at its founding, but a new building was built on Linden Avenue near downtown Atlanta in 1910. The name was changed to Crawford W. Long Memorial Hospital in 1931 as a memorial to the Georgia physician who first discovered the use of ether as an anesthetic. In 2009, the name was changed to Emory University Hospital Midtown. The 511-bed hospital is a full service facility and acute care teaching hospital.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=4231.0,4357.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/annotation_set/2039/annotation/457","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePearl Harbor is located on the island of Oahu, Hawaii, west of Honolulu. Much of the harbor and surrounding lands is a United States Navy deep-water naval base. It is also the headquarters of the United States Pacific Fleet. On December 7, 1941 the Japanese surprised the United States by attacking the United States’ fleet, which was docked in Pearl Harbor. Just before 8 a.m. on that Sunday morning, hundreds of Japanese planes descended on the base, where they managed to destroy or damage nearly 20 American naval vessels, including eight battleships, and over 300 airplanes. More than 2,400 Americans died in the attack, including civilians, and another 1,000 people were wounded. The surprise attack on Pearl Harbor was the beginning of World War II for the United States, which until that time had remained neutral. A few days later, Germany declared war on the United States as well and we began fighting in the Pacific and Europe.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=4514.0,4611.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/annotation_set/2039/annotation/458","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGrady Memorial Hospital is the largest hospital in Georgia, and the fifth-largest public hospital in the United States. It is considered one of premier public hospitals in the Southeast. The 961-bed hospital was founded in 1890.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=4622.0,4876.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/annotation_set/2039/annotation/459","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Margaret Sanger Clinic is a historic building at 17 West 16th Street in Manhattan, New York City. Built in 1846, it is notable as the location of the Clinical Research Bureau, where birth control pioneer Margaret Sanger and her successors provided contraceptive services and conducted research from 1930 to 1973. Sanger was birth control activist, sex educator, writer, and nurse. She founded Planned Parenthood and was instrumental in the development of the first birth control pill.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=4622.0,4876.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/annotation_set/2039/annotation/460","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSheffield Clinic of the Georgia Baptist Hospital was a clinic located at 301 Boulevard in Atlanta, Georgia. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=4622.0,4876.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/annotation_set/2039/annotation/461","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWellstar Atlanta Medical Center, formerly known as Georgia Baptist Hospital, was a hospital in Atlanta, Georgia operated by Wellstar Health System. It had 460 beds and over 700 physicians. The hospital was a Level I Trauma Center, and an Advanced Primary Stroke Center. It housed a Neurointensive Care Unit and a Level III Neonatal ICU. Atlanta Medical Center permanently closed at 11:59 p.m. on October 31, 2022. Demolition of the hospital complex began in June 2025, with plans to create a multi-use development at the site.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=4622.0,4876.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/annotation_set/2039/annotation/462","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Atlanta Jewish Community Center was officially founded in 1910, as the Jewish Educational Alliance. In the late 1940's it evolved into the Atlanta Jewish Community Center and moved to Peachtree Street. It stayed there until 1998, when the building was sold and the center moved to the suburb of Dunwoody. In 2000, it was renamed the “Marcus Jewish Community Center of Atlanta.”\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=4876.0,4877.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/annotation_set/2039/annotation/463","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJewish Federation of Greater Atlanta is a regional branch of Jewish Federations of North America. It is an organization that focuses on serving the Atlanta Jewish community through philanthropic endeavors such as supporting infrastructure, including schools and synagogues. Federation supports the Jewish community but also welcomes people of various backgrounds, including interfaith, LGBT+, and multiracial people and families.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=4954.0,5095.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/annotation_set/2039/annotation/464","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJewish Family Services of Atlanta was an organization that began its life in 1890 as the Montefiore Relief Association. Its name and focus changed multiple times. It became a constituent agency of the Jewish Federation of Atlanta. In 1982 Jewish Family Services incorporated as a separate organization, although it continued to maintain its affiliation with the Federation. It operated the Jewish Family and Children’s Bureau and the Ben Massell Dental Clinic. Jewish Family Services merged with Jewish Vocational Services in 1997 to become Jewish Family and Career Services.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=4954.0,5095.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/annotation_set/2039/annotation/465","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Jewish Welfare Fund (JWF) is a fund that raises money to support Jewish communities. The funds were often used during times of war and displacement. In Atlanta, the JWF was merged into the Jewish Community Council in 1967.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=5175.0,5217.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/annotation_set/2039/annotation/466","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFounded in Atlanta in 1953, the Katherine and Jacob Greenfield Hebrew Academy (GHA), originally known as The Hebrew Academy, was the first Jewish day school in the country to be accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools. In 2014, GHA (grades pre-K through 8) merged with Yeshiva Atlanta high school to become what is now Atlanta Jewish Academy.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=5175.0,5217.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/annotation_set/2039/annotation/467","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Atlanta Symphony Orchestra (ASO) is an American orchestra based in Atlanta, Georgia, USA. The ASO's main concert venue is Atlanta Symphony Hall in the Woodruff Arts Center.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=5218.0,5278.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/annotation_set/2039/annotation/468","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe National Wildlife Federation (NWF) is the largest private, nonprofit conservation education and advocacy organization in the United States, with over six million members and supporters, and 51 state and territorial affiliated organizations (including Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=5218.0,5278.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/annotation_set/2039/annotation/469","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe High Museum of Art in Atlanta is the leading art museum in the Southeastern United States. Located on Peachtree Street in Midtown, the High is a division of the Woodruff Arts Center. It was founded in 1905 as the Atlanta Art Association and renamed after the High family donated their house as an exhibit space in 1926. In 1983, a new 135,000-square-foot building designed by Richard Meier opened to house the Museum. In 2002, three new buildings designed by Renzo Piano more than doubled the Museum's size.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=5325.0,5334.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/annotation_set/2039/annotation/470","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFounded in 1904, Congregation Shearith Israel began as a congregation that met in the homes of congregants until 1906 when they began using a Methodist church on Hunter Street. After World War II, Rabbi Tobias Geffen moved the congregation to University Drive, where it became the first synagogue in DeKalb County. In the 1960s, they removed the barrier between the men’s and women’s sections in the sanctuary, and officially became affiliated with the Conservative movement in 2002. As of 2022, the current Senior Rabbi of the congregation is Ari Kaiman.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=5339.0,5340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/annotation_set/2039/annotation/471","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRabbi Marc H. Wilson was born in Chicago, Illinois in 1949 and was a rabbi at Congregation Shearith Israel in Atlanta from 1975 to 1985. He received a bachelor's degree from De Paul University, and rabbinic ordination from Hebrew Theological College in Chicago. He was the founding principal of Morton Grove Community Hebrew School in Chicago in 1970. After leaving Shearith Israel, he served as rabbi for Temple Israel in Charlotte and Beth Israel in Greenville, South Carolina. He is the author of columns and commentaries published in the Atlanta Jewish Times, Columbia State, Reader’s Digest, the Washington Post, Philadelphia.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=5355.0,5359.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/annotation_set/2039/annotation/472","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBoston, Massachusetts is the capital and largest city in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. The city was founded in 1630 by Puritan settlers. During the American Revolution, the city was the location of various key events including the Boston Tea Party, the Boston Massacre, and the siege of Boston.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=5410.0,5452.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/annotation_set/2039/annotation/473","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSamna was a competitor to WordStar and MultiMate in the DOS market for word processors in the 1980’s. Samna was targeted at businesses that had used the Lanier system but were interested in moving to lower-cost PC-based word processing. Samna was developed and published by Samna Corp., an Atlanta, Georgia, U.S.-based computer software company that was bought by Lotus Software in November 1990. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=5410.0,5452.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/annotation_set/2039/annotation/474","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eInternational Business Machines Corporation or IBM is a multinational technology company that is present in over 175 countries. The company was founded in 1911 and is one of the world’s oldest and largest technology companies. It has been responsible for various technological innovations such as the automated teller machine, the floppy disk, the hard disk drive, and the UPC barcode.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=5452.0,5459.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/annotation_set/2039/annotation/475","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Jewish Educational Loan Fund began as a project funded by B'nai B'rith International. At the 1876 Convention of B’nai B’rith’s Fifth District, which at the time included Florida, Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina and Virginia, a resolution was passed to open an orphanage for Jewish children in the South. In 1889, the Hebrew Orphan’s Home opened in Atlanta. Although it closed as a residence facility in 1930, it continued to operate as the Jewish Family and Children's Bureau (and another variation—Jewish Children's Services). During the years immediately prior to, during and after World War II, the organization was responsible for placing Jewish refugee children with foster families in Georgia and Alabama. This organization is now known as the Jewish Education Loan Fund, which provides low-interest post-secondary education loans for Jewish students.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=5491.0,5496.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/annotation_set/2039/annotation/476","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDuke University is a private research university located in Durham, North Carolina. It was founded in 1838 by Methodists and Quakers in Trinity, NC and moved to Durham in 1892. It was renamed Duke University in 1924 after Washington Duke, who was the father of James Buchanan Duke who established the “The Duke Endowment.”\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=5515.0,5567.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/annotation_set/2039/annotation/477","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe University of Colorado is a system of public universities in Colorado. It consists of four institutions: the University of Colorado Boulder, the University of Colorado: Colorado Springs, the University of Colorado Denver, and the University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus. It is governed by the elected, nine-member board of regents.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=5515.0,5567.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/annotation_set/2039/annotation/478","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBoulder is a city at the foothills of the Rocky Mountains, in northern Colorado. The city is 25 miles northwest of the Colorado state capital of Denver. Boulder is a college town, hosting the University of Colorado Boulder, the flagship and largest campus of the University of Colorado system as well as numerous research institutes.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=5515.0,5567.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/annotation_set/2039/annotation/479","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAlonei Yitzchak is a youth village in northern Israel. Located near Binyamina, it falls under the jurisdiction of Menashe Regional Council. The village was established in 1948 by Yehiel Harif to care for children who had survived the Holocaust. It was named after Yitzhak Gruenbaum, a Jewish-Zionist journalist and activist, one of the leading figures in Polish Jewry. Today, the village is a boarding school that teaches 675 children from 7th to 12th grade.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=5632.0,5676.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/annotation_set/2039/annotation/480","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAhavath Achim Synagogue (often referred to as \"AA\") was founded as an Orthodox congregation in 1887 in a small room on Gilmer Street. In 1901 they moved to a permanent building at the corner of Piedmont Avenue and Gilmer Street. In 1921, the congregation constructed a synagogue at Washington Street and Woodward Avenue. It joined the Conservative movement in 1952. The final service in the Washington Street building was held in 1958 to make way for construction of the Downtown Connector (the concurrent section of Interstate 75 and Interstate 85 through Atlanta). The synagogue moved to its current location on Peachtree Battle Avenue in 1958. As of 2022, Ahavath Achim is the largest Conservative synagogue in the Atlanta area and its current Senior Rabbi is Laurence Rosenthal.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=5748.0,5860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/annotation_set/2039/annotation/481","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eAliyah\u003c/em\u003e (Hebrew: \"ascent\") is the immigration of Jews from the diaspora to the Land of Israel historically, which today includes the modern State of Israel. Also defined as \"the act of going up\"—that is, towards Jerusalem—\"making \u003cem\u003ealiyah\u003c/em\u003e\" by moving to the Land of Israel is one of the most basic tenets of Zionism. The opposite action, emigration from Israel, is referred to in Hebrew as \u003cem\u003eyerida\u003c/em\u003e (\"descent\"). The State of Israel's Law of Return gives Jews, their children, and their grandchildren automatic rights regarding residency and Israeli citizenship.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=5868.0,5884.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/annotation_set/2039/annotation/482","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRock Springs Elementary School started as a log cabin in 1835. After the Civil War, the school was rebuilt, and in 1875, the school was moved to its site on Piedmont Road. It operated as a one room school, and in 1890, a new two-story school was built. In 1898, it became a graded school with 9 grades. The school moved a few more times, and it's current location is Rock Springs Road in Lawrenceville, Georgia. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=5918.0,6029.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/annotation_set/2039/annotation/483","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEphraim Frankel (1930-2012), an immigrant from Cologne, Germany, was headmaster for the Atlanta Hebrew Academy (now the Atlanta Jewish Academy) for 23 years. Before relocating to Atlanta to become head of the Atlanta Hebrew Academy in 1967, he lived in Israel; Baltimore, Maryland; Boston, Massachusetts; and Ottawa, Canada. After his retirement, he relocated to Highland Park, New Jersey. He obtained a bachelor’s degree from Yeshiva University, a master’s degree from Boston University, and a doctorate from Georgia State University.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=6102.0,6151.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/annotation_set/2039/annotation/484","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eYeshiva Atlanta (YA) was a private, Orthodox Jewish high school for boys in Atlanta, founded in 1970. In 2014, YA merged with Greenfield Hebrew Academy to become what is now Atlanta Jewish Academy.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=6329.0,6393.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/annotation_set/2039/annotation/485","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Atlanta Bureau of Jewish Education (ABJE) was created in 1946 to foster Jewish education in the city. In 1947, it was instrumental in forming a Hebrew High School is Atlanta. Over the course of four decades, the Bureau offered services to schools, the community and individuals including curriculum guides for Atlanta-area public schools, Holocaust education programs, conferences, workshops, programs for teenagers in Israel, festivals, adult education, classes, lectures, and extension classes for Sunday school teachers. The organization also operated a lending library of Jewish books and resources. The Bureau consisted of all accredited Rabbis in the community, all chairmen of committees of education of affiliated schools and all professional heads of affiliated schools. Samuel H. Rosenberg was its Executive Director from 1949 to 1962 and Hans Erman, a German Holocaust survivor born in 1914, served as its Executive Director from 1963 to 1969.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=6329.0,6393.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/annotation_set/2039/annotation/486","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTorah Day School of Atlanta (TDSA) is an Orthodox Jewish day school. It was founded in 1985 and serves students in kindergarten through grade eight. Over the years the Orthodox school has grown and moved several times. In 2003, it moved to LaVista Road with a state-of-the-art, full-service school on 11 acres. Its mission is to inspire students to observe the Torah, strive for personal excellence, and to pursue life-long learning.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=6397.0,6417.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/annotation_set/2039/annotation/487","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eReform Judaism is a division within Judaism, especially in North America and the United Kingdom. Historically it began in the 19th century. In general, the Reform movement maintains that Judaism and Jewish traditions should be modernized and compatible with participation in Western culture. While the Torah remains the law, in Reform Judaism women are included (mixed seating, bat mitzvah, and women rabbis), instrumental music is allowed in the services, and most of the service is in the local language as opposed to Hebrew.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=6397.0,6417.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/annotation_set/2039/annotation/488","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Epstein School (also known as the Solomon Shechter School of Atlanta) is a private Jewish day school in the Atlanta area located in Sandy Springs. In 1973, Rabbi Harry H. Epstein and the leaders of Ahavath Achim synagogue wanted to create a Conservative Jewish day school. The first campus was housed at the synagogue. In 1987 the school moved to Sandy Springs.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=6440.0,6453.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/annotation_set/2039/annotation/489","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe University of Georgia (UGA) is a public land grant university, which was founded in 1785 making it one of the oldest universities in the United States. Its main campus is in Athens, Georgia with two satellite campuses in Atlanta and Lawrenceville. It is the flagship school of the University System of Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=6756.0,6933.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/annotation_set/2039/annotation/490","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Louis Kahn Group Home was located in northeast Atlanta and provided assisted living for senior citizens. It later moved to Johns Creek, Georgia and was renamed the Cohen Home.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=6756.0,6933.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/annotation_set/2039/annotation/491","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe William Breman Jewish Home is a nursing home in Atlanta providing short and long-term dementia, Alzheimer’s, and nursing care. Formerly the Jewish Home, it first opened in 1951 at 260 14th Street, NW, on land that had been donated by real estate developer Ben J. Massell. The Home’s growth called for a larger, updated facility, leading to the construction of a new building at 3150 Howell Mill Road, NW. The second Jewish Home opened on February 16, 1971. In 1991, it was renamed the William Breman Jewish Home to honor and recognize its third president, Bill Breman, as the prime motivator of the modern-day facility.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=6756.0,6933.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/annotation_set/2039/annotation/492","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Temple, or “Hebrew Benevolent Congregation,” is Atlanta’s oldest Jewish congregation. The cornerstone was laid on the Temple on Garnett Street in 1875. The dedication was held in 1877 and the Temple was located there until 1902. The Temple’s next location on Pryor Street was dedicated in 1902. The Temple’s current location in Midtown on Peachtree Street was dedicated in 1931. The main sanctuary is on the National Register of Historic Places. The Reform congregation now totals approximately 1500 families. As of 2022, its Senior Rabbi is Peter S. Berg.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=7161.0,7177.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/annotation_set/2039/annotation/493","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eUnited Way Worldwide is a privately funded nonprofit that coordinates a global network of community-based organizations. Its predecessor was founded in Denver, Colorado, in 1887, and it adopted the name “United Way” in 1963. Today, United Way operates in more than 40 countries and territories across six continents, focusing on localized community needs in health, education, and financial stability.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=7257.0,7275.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/annotation_set/2039/annotation/494","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe United Jewish Appeal (UJA) was a Jewish philanthropic umbrella organization that collected and distributed funds to Jewish organizations in their community and around the country. UJA existed from 1939 until it was folded into the United Jewish Communities, which was formed from the 1999 merger of United Jewish Appeal (UJA), Council of Jewish Federations, and United Israel Appeal, Inc.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=7327.0,7344.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/annotation_set/2039/annotation/495","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEdward M. Kahn (1895-1984) was an immigrant from Bialystok, Poland. He became a leader in Atlanta’s Jewish community and served as executive director of several organizations including the Jewish Educational Alliance (presently, Marcus Jewish Community Center of Atlanta), the Atlanta Jewish Welfare Fund, and the Atlanta Federation of Jewish Social Service (presently, Atlanta Jewish Federation of Greater Atlanta), an earlier incarnation of the current Jewish Federation of Greater Atlanta and the Morris Hirsch Clinic (presently, Ben Massell Dental Clinic). Mr. Kahn also became Executive Secretary of the Atlanta Jewish Welfare Fund and of the Atlanta Jewish Community Council. He held these various positions until his retirement in 1964. Kahn was prominent in both local and national social work organizations as well as in Jewish organizations such as B’nai B’rith, the Jewish Children’s Bureau, the Jewish Home, and the Atlanta Bureau of Jewish Education. He also worked with the Southern Israelite newspaper as a writer and adviser.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=7443.0,7538.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/annotation_set/2039/annotation/496","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGertrude Fierman Krick (1916-2018) was a native New Yorker who relocated to Atlanta, Georgia. She was the wife of Edward Krick. She was active in the Atlanta Jewish Community. She became the first director of the Jewish Educational Alliance preschool in 1937 and was assistant principal of the Atlanta Hebrew Academy (now renamed Atlanta Jewish Academy).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=7443.0,7538.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/annotation_set/2039/annotation/497","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAlso known as Masorti Judaism, Conservative Judaism is a form of Judaism that seeks to preserve Jewish tradition and ritual, but has a more flexible approach to the interpretation of the law than Orthodox Judaism. It attempts to combine a positive attitude toward modern culture, while preserving a commitment to Jewish observance. In general, Conservative congregations also observe gender equality (mixed seating, women rabbis, and bat mitzvah). The governing body for Conservative Judaism in the United States is the United Synagogue of Conservative Judaism (USCJ), formerly known as the United Synagogue of America.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=7599.0,7615.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/annotation_set/2039/annotation/498","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCongregation Or VeShalom was established in Atlanta, Georgia by refugees of the Ottoman Empire, namely from Turkey and the Isle of Rhodes. The Sephardic congregation began in 1920 and was based at Central and Woodward Avenues until 1948 when it moved to a larger building on North Highland Road. Or VeShalom’s current synagogue is located on North Druid Hills Road. As of 2022, the congregation’s rabbi is Josh Hearshen.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=7619.0,7628.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/annotation_set/2039/annotation/499","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSephardic Jews are the Jews of Spain, Portugal, North Africa, and the Middle East, and their descendants. The adjective “Sephardic” and corresponding nouns Sephardi (singular) and Sephardim (plural) are derived from the Hebrew word Sepharad, which refers to Spain. Historically, the vernacular language of Sephardic Jews was Ladino, a Romance language derived from Old Spanish, incorporating elements from the old Romance languages of the Iberian Peninsula, Hebrew, Aramaic, and in the lands receiving those who were exiled, Ottoman Turkish, Arabic, Greek, Bulgarian, and Serbo-Croatian vocabulary.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=7619.0,7628.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/annotation_set/2039/annotation/500","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCongregation Anshi S'fard is an Orthodox synagogue located in Atlanta. It was founded in 1911 to provide a home for Hasidic worship and fellowship for Jews from Poland, Galicia and the Ukraine who had settled in Atlanta. At first the congregation met in the Red Men’s Hall on Central Avenue, but by the end of 1913 a wooden building at the corner of Woodward Avenue and King Street was secured. A few years later the congregation moved to the corner of Woodward and Capitol Avenues. After 1945, the settlement of Jews where Anshi S’fard was located disappeared, and the congregation moved to its present location on North Highland, in the Morningside area. It is the oldest Orthodox congregation in Atlanta, and as of 2022, it is led by Rabbi Nachi Friedman.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=7619.0,7628.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/annotation_set/2039/annotation/501","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBeth Jacob is an Orthodox synagogue on LaVista Road in Atlanta founded in 1942 by former members of Ahavath Achim who were looking for a more Orthodox congregation. Beth Jacob is now Atlanta’s largest Orthodox congregation. The congregation first met in a rented grocery store on Parkway Drive. It moved to a permanent location on Boulevard when it purchased and renovated a two-story apartment building. In 1956, it converted the Tabernacle Baptist Church on Boulevard to a synagogue. It built its current synagogue building on a five-acre lot on LaVista Road in 1961. Rabbi Joseph Safra was the congregation’s first permanent rabbi in 1951, followed by Rabbi Emanuel Feldman from 1952 to 1991. Rabbi Ilan Feldman has been the congregation’s Senior Rabbi since his father Emanuel’s retirement in 1991.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=7792.0,7813.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/annotation_set/2039/annotation/502","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMorningside/Lenox Park is a neighborhood in Atlanta, Georgia founded in 1923. It is located north of Virginia-Highland, east of Ansley Park and west of Druid Hills. Approximately 3,500 households comprise the neighborhood that includes the original subdivisions of Morningside, Lenox Park, University Park, Noble Park, Johnson Estates and Hylan Park. After World War II, residents of heavily Jewish Washington-Rawson and Summerhill neighborhoods south of the State Capitol relocated to northeast Atlanta including Morningside when those old Jewish neighborhoods were demolished to make way for the Downtown Connector freeway and Turner Field.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=7813.0,7817.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/annotation_set/2039/annotation/503","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTorah Umesorah – National Society for Hebrew Day Schools is a Haredi Orthodox Jewish educational charity based in the United States that promotes Torah-based Jewish religious education in North America by supporting and developing a loosely affiliated network of independent private Jewish day schools. Torah Umesorah has established yeshivas and kollelim in every city with a significant population of Jews. Rabbi Joshua Fishman served from 1980 as executive vice-president until his retirement in June 2007. The current Menahel (principal)/national director is Rabbi David Nojowitz.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=8104.0,8118.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/annotation_set/2039/annotation/504","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRabbi Tobias Geffen (1870-1970) was an Orthodox rabbi and leader of Congregation Shearith Israel in Atlanta from 1910-1970. He is widely known for his 1935 decision that certified Coca-Cola as kosher. He also organized the first Hebrew school in Atlanta, and standardized regulation of kosher supervision in the Atlanta area.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=8125.0,8195.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/annotation_set/2039/annotation/505","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRabbi Hyman R. (Chaim Raphael) Friedman (1913-2000) was associate rabbi for Congregation Shearith Israel in Atlanta, Georgia from 1943 to 1952, and the head of the Atlanta Hebrew School at Congregation Shearith Israel. He was a native of Bronx, New York who graduated from Yeshiva College with smicha from the Rabbi Isaac Elchanan Theological Seminary. He was remembered for initiating Junior Congregation services on Saturday mornings Israel for Shearith Israel’s bar mitzvah students. After leaving Atlanta, he served as rabbi at Congregation Tifereth Israel in Winthrop, Massachusetts until his retirement, when he relocated to Silver Spring, Maryland.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=8125.0,8195.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/annotation_set/2039/annotation/506","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRabbi Arnold Heisler (1921-2018) was first the assistant rabbi of Shearith Israel in the 1940s, and when Rabbi Tobias Geffen semi-retired, becoming rabbi emeritus, he assumed the position of running the daily life of the synagogue until 1956, when Rabbi Sydney Mossman became rabbi of the congregation.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=8125.0,8195.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/annotation_set/2039/annotation/507","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRabbi Sydney K. Mossman (1913-1971) was born in Windsor, Canada. He served in Germany during and after World War II. He served for many years as Rabbi at Shearith Israel in Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=8125.0,8195.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/annotation_set/2039/annotation/508","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRabbi Judah Kogen (b. 1949) served as rabbi for Congregation Shearith Israel during the late 1980’s. He was born in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, in 1949. He was ordained at the Jewish Theological Seminary of America and received undergraduate and graduate degrees from there, as well as a graduate degree from Columbia University. He also served as a rabbi in numerous other Conservative congregations in cities including Linden, New Jersey, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Swampscott, Massachusetts, Larchmont, New York, Newington, Connecticut, and Wichita, Kansas.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=8197.0,8204.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/annotation_set/2039/annotation/509","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA \u003cem\u003ebar mitzvah\u003c/em\u003e [Hebrew: son of commandments; plural: \u003cem\u003eb’nai mitzvah\u003c/em\u003e] is a rite of passage for Jewish boys aged 13 years and one day. At that time, a Jewish boy is considered a responsible adult for most religious purposes. He is now duty-bound to keep the commandments, he puts on tefillin, and may be counted to the \u003cem\u003eminyan\u003c/em\u003e quorum for public worship. He celebrates the \u003cem\u003ebar mitzvah\u003c/em\u003e by being called up to the reading of the \u003cem\u003eTorah\u003c/em\u003e in the synagogue, usually on the next available Sabbath after his Hebrew birthday.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=8235.0,8239.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/annotation_set/2039/annotation/510","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSamuel H. Rosenberg (1905-1962) was executive director the Atlanta Bureau of Jewish Education from 1949 to 1962. A native of New York, he was educated at Rabbi Isaac Elchanan Theological Seminary, City College of New York, Columbia University, and University of Buffalo.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=8311.0,8358.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/annotation_set/2039/annotation/511","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEdward “Ed” David Krick (1916-2000) was one of three children born in Atlanta, Georgia to Isaac Krick and Etta Levin Krick. Ed grew up in the Washington-Rawson neighborhood. He started out in the grocery business with his brothers and later went into real estate. He and his wife, Gertrude Fierman Krick, raised two children and were active in the Atlanta Jewish community. As a young man he was active in the Shearith Israel Juniors, a chapter of Young Judaea. Ed served as president of Congregation Shearith Israel, and on the boards of the Atlanta Jewish Federation, the Atlanta Jewish Community Center and the Zionist Organization of America. Ed was also a co-founder and later president of the Greenfield Hebrew Academy, where Gertrude served as assistant principal in the late 1970s and into the 1980s. Ed and Gertrude’s papers and oral histories are housed at the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=8364.0,8415.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/annotation_set/2039/annotation/512","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBarney Medintz (1910-1960) was a Jewish leader both nationally and locally in Atlanta. He was one of the national leaders of the United Jewish Appeal and the Israel Bond Organization. He was also vice-president of the National Community Relations Advisory Council, vice-president of the Council of Jewish Federations and Welfare Funds and a former member of the executive committee of the American Jewish Committee. Locally, he was president of the Atlanta Jewish Community Center and past president of the Atlanta Jewish Community Council and the Atlanta Bureau of Jewish Education. He was also president of the Southeast Regional Council of Jewish Federations and Welfare Funds. Medintz graduated from Northwestern University at Evanston, Illinois where he was a star basketball player. He came to Atlanta after he graduated to become a recreation director at the Jewish Educational Alliance. In 1936, Barney married Dorothy Davis. Camp Barney Medintz, a Jewish camp in Cleveland, Georgia, is named in his honor.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=8436.0,8559.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/annotation_set/2039/annotation/513","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCamp Barney Medintz is an overnight Jewish summer camp near Cleveland, Georgia, in the North Georgia mountains. It was founded in 1963 and in 1961 named in memory of Barney Medintz, a prominent Jewish leader in Atlanta, who died in 1960. It is owned by the Marcus Jewish Community Center of Atlanta.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=8436.0,8559.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/annotation_set/2039/annotation/514","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJoy Garson Howard Kunian Chase (1924-2016) was the youngest of Frank and Gussie Garson’s three children. She grew up in Atlanta and attended the 10th Street School and then Girls’ High. She married Bernard “Bernie” Howard in 1942, and they opened a decorator’s showroom at Atlanta Decorative Arts Center (ADAC) called Howard Unlimited. After Bernie’s death, she married Sonny Kunian, who passed away in 1997. She married Art Chase in 2009. Joy and Bernie had four children: Jacquelyn, Gary, Neal, and Clark.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=8436.0,8559.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/annotation_set/2039/annotation/515","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFrank Garson (1886-1955) was an Atlanta businessman and philanthropist. He founded the Lovable Company, manufacturing lingerie and brassieres. He was born Frank Gottesman and later changed his name to Garson. Garson was active in the United Palestine Appeal, the Jewish National Fund, the Jewish Welfare Board and the Anti-Defamation League of B'nai B'rith. He was also the organizer of the Jewish Home for the Aged. He married Gussie Fox in 1910, and they had a daughter and two sons.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=8436.0,8559.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/annotation_set/2039/annotation/516","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBenjamin Joseph Massell, Sr. (1886-1962) was a civic and community leader in both the Jewish and general communities of Atlanta. In the early 1900s, he and his two brothers, Sam and Levi, founded the Massell Realty Company, which had a hand in the development and sale of several landmark properties in Atlanta. Civic leader Ivan Allen, Sr., was known to say, “Sherman burned Atlanta and Ben Massell built it back.” Ben Massell was the uncle of former Atlanta mayor Samuel A. Massell, Jr.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=8436.0,8559.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/annotation_set/2039/annotation/517","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJohn Calvin Portman, Jr., (1924-2017) was an American architect famous for buildings, especially hotels, with multi-storied interior atria. He grew up in Atlanta and had a very large impact on the city, specifically the Peachtree Center complex downtown. His buildings in Atlanta include the Hyatt Regency Atlanta, 230 Peachtree Building (formerly Peachtree Center Tower), AmericasMart (formerly Atlanta Market Center) and the Atlanta Decorative Arts Center. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=8436.0,8559.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/annotation_set/2039/annotation/518","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBertha “Bert” Edison Travis (1902-1978) was an active member of Hadassah. She was involved with Hadassah for over 40 years and won the Myrtle Wreath Awards, which was the highest award given by Atlanta Hadassah. She was born in Russia and immigrated to Atlanta. She was active with Ahavath Achim Synagogue and its Sisterhood, National Council of Jewish Women, and Brandeis University National Women's Committee. She was married to Robert Travis, and they had a daughter. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=8617.0,8662.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/annotation_set/2039/annotation/519","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRubye Eplan Goldstein (1899-1991) was an Atlanta, Georgia native and daughter of Leon and Rosa Teplitsky Eplan. She was a member of Ahavath Achim synagogue, AA’s Sisterhood, and served on the boards of the Jewish Home, Hadassah, Brandies, B’nai B’rith Women. She was also the woman’s division chairman for the Atlanta Jewish Welfare Federation. She married Abe Goldstein in 1922, and they a daughter, Betty and son, Leon.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=8617.0,8662.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/annotation_set/2039/annotation/520","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eORT (Association for the Promotion of Skilled Trades) is a non-profit global Jewish organization that promotes education and training in communities worldwide. It was founded at the end of the eighteenth century in 1880 in Saint Petersburg, Russia. Active in over 100 countries, today, ORT is the world’s largest Jewish education and vocational training NGO (Non-Governmental Organization). After World War II, ORT was very active in the DP camps, opening schools with rehabilitation programs in 78 camps. The purpose of the schools was to train and prepare DPs (displaced persons) for resettlement in industrialized countries such as the United States, Canada, and Australia as well as Israel, which had a significant need for highly trained manpower. Some 85,000 Jews were trained in new professions and provided with the tools they needed to rebuild their lives. In 2003 Israel was the area of ORT's largest operation, with 90,000 students educated or trained at ORT’s 159 schools, colleges and institutions, educating 25 percent of Israel’s hi-tech workforce. In 2006 ORT Israel withdrew from World ORT. World ORT continues to work in Israel under the name of Kadima Mada (Educating for Life). In December 1946, the first ORT trade school in Austria was opened in Vienna. By the end of 1947, additional schools were open in Ebelsberg, Steyr, Wels, Salzburg, Hofgastein, Hallein, Linz, and Bindermilch. The schools conducted programs in 50 trades ranging from dressmaking to technical chemistry, optics and building trades. English and Hebrew language courses were also held. ORT’s Central School in Salzburg was the first post-war vocational training establishment in Austria. It opened in February 1947 and had 350 students by mid-1947. An annex to the main ORT school in Salzburg opened in 1948 in the Beth Bialik transit camp in Salzburg and another school was located in the Riedenburg camp. As emigration progressed, ORT schools in Austria began closing down. The Salzburg school was transferred to Hallein, a DP camp twenty miles from Salzburg, in 1947, and it remained open until 1954. It has now evolved to provide 21st century technology to Jewish communities worldwide. The ORT America Atlanta/Southeast Region hosts various events and activities to raise funds to further ORT’s mission.  Rabbi Harry H. Epstein founded the Atlanta ORT chapter in 1970.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=8674.0,8711.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/annotation_set/2039/annotation/521","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAMIT (known as Mizrachi Women until 1983) is a Zionist organization that raises funds for Israel’s religious technological secondary education. The organization also raises funds for all the major Israel campaigns and is a member of both the World Zionist Organization and the Conference of Presidents of Major American Jewish Organizations. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=8674.0,8711.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/annotation_set/2039/annotation/522","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eNa’amat had its origins in 1925 with the formation of the Women’s Organization for the Pioneer Women of Palestine, commonly referred to as “Pioneer Women.” Na’amat is the largest Jewish women’s organization in the world, counting more than 300,000 members in Israel and 9 sister organizations worldwide. It operates approximately 250 day care centers in Israel and provides funding for technological and agricultural high schools, a women’s shelter, legal aid bureaus, educational scholarships, women’s rights centers and women’s health centers. It is also a powerful voice in advocating for equal rights, religious freedom and world peace. During the 1930’s Pioneer Women changed its name to Na’amat, an acronym for Nashim Ovdot U'Mitnadvot (Hebrew: Working and Volunteering Women.). Na’amat is affiliated with the Labour Zionist Movement in Israel and the World Labor Zionist Movement.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=8674.0,8711.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/annotation_set/2039/annotation/523","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSixteen young Jewish women founded Atlanta Service Guild in 1936. The organization is dedicated to social service and civic work. Arlene Freitag Frohsin was its founding president. Among the organization’s projects was a pre-natal clinic and gift shop at Grady Hospital, a nursery school at the Jewish Educational Alliance, an occupational therapy room at Emory Hospital, and a gift shop at the Jewish Home (renamed the William Breman Jewish Home).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=8674.0,8711.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/annotation_set/2039/annotation/524","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Jewish War Veteran Ladies Auxiliary is a subsidiary organization of the Jewish War Veterans. It has similar mission as the JWV to provide volunteer service to the general community, the veteran community, the Jewish community and to America's youth. Membership is composed of the spouses, children, siblings, and (grand)parents of men and women in the military.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=8725.0,8758.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/annotation_set/2039/annotation/525","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDr. Rose Abron Lahman (1907-2001) was a physician in Atlanta since 1943. She was born in Toronto, Canada, and graduated from the University of Toronto Medical School in 1932. Rose had an active practice in obstetrics and gynecology. Rose was very active in the Atlanta Jewish Community, including the Atlanta Jewish Community Center and Jewish Federation of Greater Atlanta. She was a member of the Ahavath Achim Synagogue. She was married to Harry Lahman, and they had one son.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=8828.0,8911.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/annotation_set/2039/annotation/526","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDr. Nannette Wenger is a prominent and pioneering cardiologist in Atlanta. She got her medical degree from Harvard in 1954 and went on to study at Mt. Sinai Hospital in New York City and Emory University in Atlanta, where she was among the first faculty hired for the Emory University Medical School. She also became the Director of the Cardiac Clinics at Grady Memorial Hospital. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=8828.0,8911.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/annotation_set/2039/annotation/527","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDeKalb County is located in the north central portion of the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2010 census, the population was 691,893,making it Georgia's fourth-most populous county. Its county seat is Decatur. DeKalb County is included in the Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Roswell, GA Metropolitan Statistical Area. It contains roughly 10% of the city of Atlanta (the other 90 percent lies in Fulton County), but is primarily a suburban county.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=8916.0,8937.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/annotation_set/2039/annotation/528","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAgnes Scott College is a private women’s liberal arts college in Decatur, Georgia. It was established in 1889 and is affiliated with the Presbyterian Church. It is also considered one of the Seven Sisters of the South, which is the name given to seven colleges located in Georgia, Virginia, and North Carolina.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=8937.0,8938.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/annotation_set/2039/annotation/529","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePlanned Parenthood is a non-profit organization that provides reproductive, maternal, and child health services, including cancer screening, HIV screening, contraception, and abortion.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=9142.0,9200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/annotation_set/2039/annotation/530","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDr. Winton Elizabeth Gambrell (1903-1989) was the first woman admitted to Emory’s School of Medicine in 1943. She was born in South Carolina to Dr. Claude Clinkscales Gambrell and Hannah Elizabeth \"Bessie\" Edwards Gambrell. She was a professor of bacteriology, pathology, and laboratory diagnosis in the medical school. She authored studies and also contributed chapters to works about blood diseases, malaria, clinical pathology, bacteriology, and general laboratory medicine. Dr. Gambrell was the 1937 winner of the Ricketts prize, given annually for outstanding research done in pathology and bacteriology at the University of Chicago.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=9203.0,9316.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/annotation_set/2039/annotation/531","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEmanuel Litvinoff (1915-2011) was a Jewish writer and well-known figure in Anglo-Jewish literature, known for novels, short stories, poetry, plays, and human rights campaigning.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=9644.0,9672.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487/annotation_set/2039/annotation/532","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFort McPherson was a U.S. Army military base located in Atlanta, Georgia, bordering the northern edge of the city of East Point, Georgia. It was the headquarters for the U.S. Army Installation Management Command, Southeast Region; the U.S. Army Forces Command; the U.S. Army Reserve Command; and the U.S. Army Central. World War II, Fort McPherson served as a general depot, where thousands of men were processed for entry in the army. Fort McPherson was closed down in 2011. The property is now owned by actor/producer Tyler Perry, who redeveloped the site into Tyler Perry Studios.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/160652/file/292487#t=9831.0,9865.0"}]}]}]}