{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/9w08w3b578/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Palmer, Eddie"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["2025-06-12 (captured)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Agent"]},"value":{"en":["Palmer, Edwin (Interviewee)","Cohn, Gail (Interviewer)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source"]},"value":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum","Esther and Herbert Taylor Oral History Collection","Jewish Oral History Project of Atlanta"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eEddie Palmer was interviewed by Gail Cohn on June 12, 2025, in Atlanta, Georgia. \u003c/p\u003e (general)","\u003cp\u003eEdwin “Eddie” Kayser Palmer was born in Selma, Alabama, in 1943. He is one of four children born to Seymour Palmer and Hannah Kayser Palmer. His siblings are Lynn Palmer Barton, Russell Palmer, and Buddy Palmer. His maternal grandparents were Edwin and Lillian Leva Kayser, who were from Selma and owned Kayser’s department store in Selma. His great-grandfather owned a cigar store in Selma. Eddie’s paternal grandparents immigrated to New York from Ukraine. Eddie’s family belonged to Temple Mishkan Israel in Selma, a Reform temple, where they attended High Holy Days services and where Eddie was confirmed.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eIn 1961, Eddie left Selma to attend law school at Tulane University. At Tulane, he met his wife, Judy Levine Palmer, from Little Rock, Arkansas. He earned his law degree in 1965, and Eddie and Judy moved to Atlanta, where Eddie began practicing law. The couple has three children: Amanda Palmer Lockwood, Keane Palmer, and Jill Palmer. Eddie was a law professor at Georgia State University for 25 years while also practicing law. He also taught Southern literature courses at private schools in Atlanta.\u003c/p\u003e (bioghist)","\u003cp\u003eThe interview focuses on Eddie’s family history and his background in Selma, Alabama. He begins the interview by discussing his family background and describes having deep roots in Selma on his mother’s side. He describes the family as having old traditions of telling stories. Eddie reflects on his identity as a Jewish Southerner. He describes the family business in Selma as very important in the mercantile world of Selma. He recalls his grandfather, who was regarded as a pillar of the Selma community. \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eEddie talks about his father's family history. He talks about his paternal grandparents who immigrated to the United States from Ukraine and about his grandfather working in the Chelsea District in New York. He recounts spending summers in New York visiting his grandparents while his father traveled there on purchasing trips for their family store in Selma. \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eEddie talks about his mother and father marrying and moving to Selma. He reflects on his father’s career and interests. Eddie talks about the Jewish community in Selma when he was growing up in the 1940’s and 1950’s. Eddie shares that the family belonged to Temple Mishkan Israel in Selma, where he was confirmed. He talks about the family having a big Christmas tree and stockings and continuing that tradition for many years.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eEddie talks about leaving Selma in 1961 to pursue his law degree at Tulane University, a few years before the historic Selma to Montgomery marches. He reflects on growing up in a racially segregated society. He discusses the close bond he had with the woman who worked for their family and talks about the letters they exchanged for many years after he left Selma. Eddie notes that he hadn’t experienced much antisemitism in Selma but that they were well integrated into the broader community. He talks about his father serving on the board of the YMCA. He recalls discriminatory organizations in Selma, including White Citizens’ Councils and the Ku Klux Klan.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eEddie talks about earning his law degree at Tulane University, where he met his future wife, Judy Levine Palmer, while they were both students. He talks about getting married and moving to Atlanta, where he began his legal career. He talks about their three children and grandchildren and reflects on family legacy.  \u003c/p\u003e (scope content)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject"]},"value":{"en":["Cohn, Gail (b. 1943) (personal name)","Conroy, Barbara Bolling Jones (personal name)","Conroy, Donald Patrick (1945-2016) (personal name)","Conroy, Megan (personal name)","Elkan, Edward (1862-1907) (personal name)","Elkan, John (personal name)","Faulkner, William Cuthbert (1897-1962) (personal name)","Goldgar, Vida Daab (1930 -2004) (personal name)","Jackson, Thomas Jonathan \"Stonewall\" (1824-1863) (personal name)","Kayser, Abraham (personal name)","Kayser, Edwin B. (1880-1961) (personal name)","Kayser, Isadore (1876-1951) (personal name)","Kayser, Lillian Leva (1886-1950) (personal name)","King, Jr., Martin Luther (1929-1968) (personal name)","Lewis, John Robert (1940-2020) (personal name)","Lewis, Lillian Miles (1939-2012) (personal name)","Lilienthal, Kate Elkan (personal name)","Lilienthal, Leslie (personal name)","Lockwood, Amanda Palmer (b. 1970) (personal name)","Lockwood, David John (b. 1965) (personal name)","Lockwood, Elizabeth (personal name)","Lockwood, John Palmer (personal name)","Lytle, Andrew Nelson (1902-1995) (personal name)","Palmer, Ava (personal name)","Palmer, Edwin Kayser (b. 1943) (personal name)","Palmer, Hannah Kayser (1914-2009) (personal name)","Palmer, Jill (b. 1978) (personal name)","Palmer, Josie (personal name)","Palmer, Judy Levine (personal name)","Palmer, Henry Kayser (personal name)","Palmer, Keane Edwin (b. 1972) (personal name)","Palmer, Samuel (personal name)","Palmer, Seymour (1913-1979) (personal name)","Wallace, Jr., George Corley (1919-1998) (personal name)","Welty, Eudora Alice (1909-2001) (personal name)","Windham, Kathryn (1918-2011) (personal name)","California Polytechnic State University (corporate name)","Columbia University (corporate name)","Emory University (corporate name)","Georgia State University (corporate name)","I. Kayser and Co. (corporate name)","Katharine Gibbs College (corporate name)","Lions Clubs International (LCI) (corporate name)","Northwestern University (corporate name)","Paideia School (corporate name)","Southern Israelite (corporate name)","Tulane University (corporate name)","Tyler Union High School (corporate name)","University of Michigan (corporate name)","University of Vermont (corporate name)","William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum (corporate name)","YMCA (corporate name)","Albany, Georgia (geographic term)","Atlanta, Georgia (geographic term)","Birmingham, Alabama (geographic term)","Cahaba, Alabama (geographic term)","Clanton, Alabama (geographic term)","Columbus, Georgia (geographic term)","Denver, Colorado (geographic term)","Fall River, Massachusetts (geographic term)","Little Rock, Arkansas (geographic term)","Live Oak Cemetery (geographic term)","Montgomery, Alabama (geographic term)","Nashville, Tennessee (geographic term)","New Orleans, Louisiana (geographic term)","New York City, New York (geographic term)","Pine Hill, Alabama (geographic term)","Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (geographic term)","Raleigh, North Carolina (geographic term)","Selma, Alabama (geographic term)","Ukraine (geographic term)","American Civil Rights Movement (named event)","American Civil War (named event)","Great Depression (named event)","Selma to Montgomery marches (named event)","Antisemitism (other)","Assimilation (other)","Bar mitzvah (other)","Christmas (other)","Confederate States of America (other)","Confirmation (other)","Driving Miss Daisy (other)","Hanukkah (other)","High Holy Days (other)","Ku Klux Klan (other)","Pesach/Passover (other)","Reform Judaism (other)","Rosh Hashanah (other)","Segregation (other)","White Citizens’ Council (other)","Yom Kippur (other)"]}}],"summary":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eEddie Palmer was interviewed by Gail Cohn on June 12, 2025, in Atlanta, Georgia.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEdwin \u0026ldquo;Eddie\u0026rdquo; Kayser Palmer was born in Selma, Alabama, in 1943. He is one of four children born to Seymour Palmer and Hannah Kayser Palmer. His siblings are Lynn Palmer Barton, Russell Palmer, and Buddy Palmer. His maternal grandparents were Edwin and Lillian Leva Kayser, who were from Selma and owned Kayser\u0026rsquo;s department store in Selma. His great-grandfather owned a cigar store in Selma. Eddie\u0026rsquo;s paternal grandparents immigrated to New York from Ukraine. Eddie\u0026rsquo;s family belonged to Temple Mishkan Israel in Selma, a Reform temple, where they attended High Holy Days services and where Eddie was confirmed.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eIn 1961, Eddie left Selma to attend law school at Tulane University. At Tulane, he met his wife, Judy Levine Palmer, from Little Rock, Arkansas. He earned his law degree in 1965, and Eddie and Judy moved to Atlanta, where Eddie began practicing law. The couple has three children: Amanda Palmer Lockwood, Keane Palmer, and Jill Palmer. Eddie was a law professor at Georgia State University for 25 years while also practicing law. He also taught Southern literature courses at private schools in Atlanta.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe interview focuses on Eddie\u0026rsquo;s family history and his background in Selma, Alabama. He begins the interview by discussing his family background and describes having deep roots in Selma on his mother\u0026rsquo;s side. He describes the family as having old traditions of telling stories. Eddie reflects on his identity as a Jewish Southerner. He describes the family business in Selma as very important in the mercantile world of Selma. He recalls his grandfather, who was regarded as a pillar of the Selma community.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eEddie talks about his father's family history. He talks about his paternal grandparents who immigrated to the United States from Ukraine and about his grandfather working in the Chelsea District in New York. He recounts spending summers in New York visiting his grandparents while his father traveled there on purchasing trips for their family store in Selma.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eEddie talks about his mother and father marrying and moving to Selma. He reflects on his father\u0026rsquo;s career and interests. Eddie talks about the Jewish community in Selma when he was growing up in the 1940\u0026rsquo;s and 1950\u0026rsquo;s. Eddie shares that the family belonged to Temple Mishkan Israel in Selma, where he was confirmed. He talks about the family having a big Christmas tree and stockings and continuing that tradition for many years.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eEddie talks about leaving Selma in 1961 to pursue his law degree at Tulane University, a few years before the historic Selma to Montgomery marches. He reflects on growing up in a racially segregated society. He discusses the close bond he had with the woman who worked for their family and talks about the letters they exchanged for many years after he left Selma. Eddie notes that he hadn\u0026rsquo;t experienced much antisemitism in Selma but that they were well integrated into the broader community. He talks about his father serving on the board of the YMCA. He recalls discriminatory organizations in Selma, including White Citizens\u0026rsquo; Councils and the Ku Klux Klan.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eEddie talks about earning his law degree at Tulane University, where he met his future wife, Judy Levine Palmer, while they were both students. He talks about getting married and moving to Atlanta, where he began his legal career. He talks about their three children and grandchildren and reflects on family legacy. \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"]},"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/307/004/small/EddiePalmer.mp4_1774977506.jpg?1774977511","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - Eddie_Palmer.mp4"]},"duration":2772.51157,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/307/004/small/EddiePalmer.mp4_1774977506.jpg?1774977511","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-thebreman.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/307/004/original/Eddie_Palmer.mp4?1774977501","type":"Video","format":"video/mp4","duration":2772.51157,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004/transcript/92480","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Palmer, Edwin [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004/transcript/92480/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHN:\u003c/strong\u003e My name is Gail Cohn. I am here on behalf of the William Breman Museum to conduct an interview to be used for history and the academic pursuit of life and times in small southern towns for the archives of the Jewish museums. Today's date is June 12, 2025. I would like to thank Eddie Palmer for participating in the Esther and Herbert Taylor Oral History Project of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum. Welcome, Eddie.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004#t=2.0,40.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004/transcript/92480/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003ePALMER:\u003c/strong\u003e Thank you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004#t=40.0,41.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004/transcript/92480/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHN:\u003c/strong\u003e I'd like for you to tell us your full name and spell it for the record.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004#t=41.0,46.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004/transcript/92480/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003ePALMER:\u003c/strong\u003e Full name is Edwin Kayser Palmer, E-D-W-I-N. Middle name Kayser, K-A-Y-S-E-R. Last name Palmer, P-A L-M-E R.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004#t=46.0,56.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004/transcript/92480/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHN:\u003c/strong\u003e Tell us the date and the place you were born.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004#t=56.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004/transcript/92480/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003ePALMER:\u003c/strong\u003e That's embarrassing. December 14, 1943, in Selma, Alabama.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004#t=60.0,66.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004/transcript/92480/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHN:\u003c/strong\u003e Tell us a little bit about your parents and grandparents. What were their names on both sides? Start with your parents first.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004#t=66.0,78.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004/transcript/92480/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003ePALMER:\u003c/strong\u003e Parents were Hannah Kayser Palmer, my middle name. My mother's name, Hannah Kayser Palmer. My father was Seymour Palmer.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004#t=78.0,87.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004/transcript/92480/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHN:\u003c/strong\u003e Their parents? What do you know about them? What were their names?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004#t=87.0,90.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004/transcript/92480/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003ePALMER:\u003c/strong\u003e I knew my mother's parents very well. They were Selma people. Edwin B. Kayser was my grandfather, my maternal grandfather. That's who I was named after. Edwin Kayser. My maternal grandmother was Lillian Leva Kayser. She was L-E-V-A. I was raised with those folks. I lived in their home for the first two or three years of my life. My grandfather, after whom I was named . . . he and my father are my two heroes. My grandfather died in March of my senior year in high school. He was there with me all along as I was growing up. That's where a lot of my stories come from. My father's family was very different. I was raised as a Southern kid. Those are my roots. My father's parents were both immigrants from Ukraine. He grew up in the Chelsea District in New York, 23rd Street in Manhattan. I knew my grandparents. We went up there once a year for a couple of weeks in the summer. We had a store in Selma. My father would go up on buying trips, and he would take us children. I had three siblings. We would go up and stay with my grandparents. I got a taste of that. I didn't really know it. My grandfather came over as an orphan. Samuel Palmer, an orphan when he was 13, from Russia. But he was born in Poland. Came over from Russia, from Ukraine, actually. My grandmother never talked about it. She came over, too, from Ukraine. She was much more of an assimilationist. Her family moved to Fall River, Massachusetts. They were mill workers. I know a lot about my grandmother's family on my father's side, but I learned it after my father died. When my father married my mother and they moved to Selma, he was like a chameleon, and he landed on a different leaf. He became not the kid that grew up in New York and went to University of Michigan. He went hunting. He went fishing. He was part of the community. He loved it. He didn't talk much about his history. It was not until after my father died and I found two great aunts in Massachusetts that I had never known. Then I knew that my father was bar mitzvahed  because people weren't bar mitzvahed in the South when I was growing up. That was a word I didn't really know. It was after his death that I found these great aunts that I've found a lot of the history about my father. But that's pretty much the grandparents that I knew.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004#t=90.0,237.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004/transcript/92480/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHN:\u003c/strong\u003e You said that your father and your grandfather were two of your heroes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004#t=237.0,246.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004/transcript/92480/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003ePALMER:\u003c/strong\u003e Absolutely.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004#t=246.0,247.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004/transcript/92480/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHN:\u003c/strong\u003e Tell me why they were your heroes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004#t=247.0,253.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004/transcript/92480/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003ePALMER:\u003c/strong\u003e My grandfather was the warmest human I've ever known. When he died in 1961, there was not an obituary. There was an editorial in the paper. The head of the editorial, the topic was “No Substitute.” They called him Mr. Ed. My grandfather dropped out of school when he was 13 because his mom went in a boarding house in Selma. He would tell me stories about what he did. They would have cock fights across the aisle down the road. He would go get the dead cocks and bring them back so his mom could make a stew for the boarders in the boarding house because people didn't eat the roosters. People ate chicken. He learned how to take shorthand. He took shorthand, all to help his mother. His grandfather had a cigar store. His father had a cigar store. Abraham Kayser had a cigar store.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004#t=253.0,307.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004/transcript/92480/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHN:\u003c/strong\u003e Was all of this in Selma, Alabama?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004#t=307.0,309.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004/transcript/92480/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003ePALMER:\u003c/strong\u003e My roots go deep, my roots are deep in Selma. My family goes back. I can walk the cemetery in Selma back to around 1820, 1823. I can trace, on my grandfather's side, I can trace his mother's family back to 1680. Not in this country, but I can go back to 1680 in France and Germany with that family. [William] Falkner said it best, “To a son, the past is never dead. It's never even passed.” I grew up with the stories of all these people, not because we were ancestor worshiping, just because that was part of the old tradition. We talked about and told stories.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004#t=309.0,351.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004/transcript/92480/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHN:\u003c/strong\u003e Your dad, he was your hero because?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004#t=351.0,355.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004/transcript/92480/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003ePALMER:\u003c/strong\u003e My grandfather was just this warm loving guy. Part of the editorial said, “He never refused a gentleman to help.” That stayed with me, that he never refused help. He was so loved by the community because he loved the community so much. My father was just this wonderful, gregarious guy whose family, the immigrant father from Ukraine, had done well. He sent my father to the University of Michigan. My father got a master's in English at Columbia [University]. He was in law school in the Depression. My grandfather lost everything and became a broken man. My grandmother had some issues with her family in Fall River because she had helped them when she had money, but nobody was there to help her. My family saw the splintering of the family. My father saw what the quest for the dollar can do to you. My father, at home, emphasized the important things in his life, which is community and family and friends as the kind of the threads of life that you lead in the day to day and not the quest for some type of glorious professional life. I knew all the doctors and lawyers and that type of thing, but it wouldn't have cost anything because of my dad. The favorite thing of my mother and dad was on Wednesdays and Sundays to go fishing when my mother left to go fishing with my dad. My dad hunted. My dad did all those things that Southern folks do.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004#t=355.0,445.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004/transcript/92480/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHN:\u003c/strong\u003e Do you have any idea how your family got to Selma, Alabama?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004#t=445.0,452.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004/transcript/92480/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003ePALMER:\u003c/strong\u003e It was the Elkan and Leva family that I can trace. My mother's mother was a Leva. You and I are related through the Elkan family. Your great-great-grandmother was Kate Elkan Lilienthal. My great-great-grandfather was John Elkan. They were brothers and sisters. That's the relationship. The stories I got . . . remember, as a lawyer they say hearsay, the stories. Some came from Atlanta after the [American] Civil War. Wandering through the cemetery, the big cemetery there, I happened to find a grave that said Edward Elkan. I went back and I figured out that Edward Elkan was my great-great-uncle. Maybe there was some truth to my mother's story that some of us were here in Atlanta. Some of us winded down to Albany, Georgia. Mother always said we needed to go to Albany, to the cemetery, because she was convinced that we had family in Albany, Georgia, in the cemetery. How they got here? I can only trace the dates back to great-great grandparents. I can trace the dates back to the early 1800’s for the Leva-Elkan side of the family.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004#t=452.0,535.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004/transcript/92480/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHN:\u003c/strong\u003e You were talking about your grandfather, Ed Kayser, and what a pillar of the community he was. They were very, very important in the mercantile world in Selma, Alabama. Tell us about the store.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004#t=535.0,554.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004/transcript/92480/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003ePALMER:\u003c/strong\u003e We had a store, Kayser’s. Actually, at one point in time, there were five stores. One was in Columbus, Georgia, your hometown, Kayser-Lilienthal, [Inc.] because of Uncle Leslie [Lilienthal], your grandfather, I called him Uncle Leslie because we were linked through the Elkan family, Elkan-Lilienthal. There was a store. The main store was in Selma. Remember that Selma was the fourth largest city in Alabama. Selma was built on the banks of the Alabama River, and Selma was the heart of plantation country. Folks from the small towns and the plantation companies wouldn't go to Montgomery [Alabama] or Birmingham [Alabama], they would come to Selma. Selma was a bustling town. Selma had about 125 to 130 Jewish families. Selma had three Jewish mayors. My grandfather and his brother in 1903 in Selma somehow came up with the money, I'm not sure how, to start a store called I. Kayser [and Co.]. My grandfather's brother was Isadore Kayser, so it was I. Kayser. He was the elder brother. They started a little store called I. Kayser in 1903. We closed that store in 19. . . in the 1990’s, but he was in business for all those years.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004#t=554.0,631.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004/transcript/92480/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHN:\u003c/strong\u003e There was a long history of that. But with all of the good things about Selma, when you grew up, and I know that being Southern is key to Southerners and being Jewish is an addendum to being Southern, at least it was for you, if I'm correct about that. Do you have any special recollections of segregation, antisemitism, KKK [Ku Klux Klan], White Citizens’ Councils, things of that nature, as you grew up in your beloved community?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004#t=631.0,669.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004/transcript/92480/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003ePALMER:\u003c/strong\u003e I grew up in the 1940’s and 1950’s. I left in 1961, so I was gone before the [Selma to Montgomery] marches. I grew in a very racially segregated society. Schools were segregated. Restrooms were separate. Everybody in the home had help, African-American, kind of like the book, The Help. I relate to Driving Miss Daisy. That's the year in which I grew up. Was I aware of segregation? Yes. Was it discussed? No. I grew up with wonderful but different kind of relationships with African-Americans, the help. I have letters. There was a wonderful woman, Rosalie Woods [sp], that worked for us from the time I was around four until I was in sixth grade. She lived in a shotgun house with her mother and her daughter and two grandsons. There were one, two, three, four, five people living in a three-room shotgun house. I had a relationship with Rosalie when I left Selma. I don't know if she had any schooling, but we wrote letters to each other until I was a senior, until I was a freshman in college. I have letters dating from when I was 12 years old until I was 18 years old between myself and Rosalie. We had that kind of relationship. I was aware that . . . it didn't feel good. It never really felt good, but we didn't talk about it because the society was the society in which you were. Antisemitism? My three siblings and I, we haven’t experienced any antisemitism to speak of. We were really, in a different kind of way, we were really integrated into the community. We belonged to the country club. My father was on the board of the YMCA. He was president of the Lions Club. I was president at temple. We were integrated into a very Reform Jewish temple. I don’t call it a synagogue. I call it a temple. But you said, how do I identify myself? It would be more as a Jewish Southerner. Jewish would be the adjective to the base of being a son of the South. I didn't really think about the segregation-integration issue, because it wasn't something to think about, except I noted the inequality. I noted that as a child.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004#t=669.0,833.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004/transcript/92480/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHN:\u003c/strong\u003e Speaking of the Jewish part of this, how did you, as a Southern Reform, temple-going Jew of Selma, Alabama, how were the holidays celebrated?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004#t=833.0,851.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004/transcript/92480/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003ePALMER:\u003c/strong\u003e The holidays, some time I went to temple, other than when I was confirmed. I was confirmed when I guess was 15, 16. We went to the High Holy Day services, both the evening service and day service.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004#t=851.0,865.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004/transcript/92480/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHN:\u003c/strong\u003e Did you have a rabbi or was it a traveling rabbi?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004#t=865.0,866.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004/transcript/92480/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003ePALMER:\u003c/strong\u003e I had a rabbi until I left Selma. The synagogue still had 60, 70 families when I was growing up. There were four people in my confirmation class. There were four Jewish kids around my age. One of them drove in to Selama. He lived outside of Selma. There was a rabbi. You talk about Kayser as a store, I would say 80 percent of the retail merchants in Selma were Jewish. On the High Holy Days, Broad Street, which was the main street, the street that Dr. [Martin Luther] King [Jr.] marched down, Broad Street was closed. All the stores were closed. There was no being ashamed of being Jewish. There was no hiding. On Rosh HaShanah and Yom Kippur, they were closed, and we stayed home from school. We didn't go to school on Rosh HaShanah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004#t=866.0,919.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004/transcript/92480/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHN:\u003c/strong\u003e In the sunny South when Christmas came along, Passover came along, or Hanukkah, as it were, what was your home like during those holidays other than Rosh HaShanah and Yom Kippur?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004#t=919.0,934.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004/transcript/92480/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003ePALMER:\u003c/strong\u003e Christmas was wonderful. We had a big Christmas tree. We had stockings. My mother and dad were Santa Claus. We put the stockings at the end of our beds late at night so that we woke up and wouldn't want to go to the Christmas tree, we could stay and play with our goodies we got in the stockings. We all went into the Christmas tree together. It was huge. We maintained that tradition. My father died in 1979. My mother left Selma in 1990. She left Selma, she was 90 years old. She stayed in the same home for another almost 20 years. We continued to get all of my siblings and all of their children crowded into this little house in Selma. Sometimes we had to stay in hotels or something else there were so many of us, and we had Christmas. We had the Christmas tree. Everybody had stockings. My wife's mother made needle point stockings for my children, so my children had stockings with their names on them. That was a big holiday. Passover, we didn't, I don't know that my mother really knew what it was all about, but we had Passover at the temple. We would go to temple on Sunday with matzo balls. They were not being made in our home. But I sort of have a hint, I never thought about it as being Jewish or relating to Jewish, but when my father would go to New York for buying trips, we'd come in with boxes of lox and bagels and whitefish and sable. I grew up with that element in my life, not really threading it into the culture of Judaism, but more, this is what folks in New York do. I had a different taste of it than most of my friends.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004#t=934.0,1025.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004/transcript/92480/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHN:\u003c/strong\u003e Earlier, you said your father was a little bit of a chameleon because in those days how was it that a Southern Reform Jewish woman would marry a first-generation American from the North, no less.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004#t=1025.0,1045.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004/transcript/92480/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003ePALMER:\u003c/strong\u003e My mother was a jock. My mother went to Northwestern [University] and played basketball in the 1930’s. She only was there for a year, a year and a half, and she came home. Mother was a steel magnolia. My house was a gathering place for all of our friends. Every Friday and Saturday night, people would spend the night on the floors of our house. Mother would only tell you what mother you wanted you to know. I asked mother once, and this was long after daddy died. I said, “Mother, have you ever loved anybody else?” She said, “I wouldn't really love anybody else, but I had a boyfriend, and he was not Jewish.” I think she came back from the Northwest because her boyfriend, Marion Lee Nelson [sp], was there. I think her parents did what people in the South did, Jewish. They sent her to Katharine Gibbs school in New York, because women in those times couldn't be lawyers and doctors, so you learn stenography. You learn that type of thing. Be a school teacher. She went to New York with another friend from Selma. She met my father on a blind date. Four months later they were engaged. They didn't move to Selma. They went to Raleigh, North Carolina. This was after the Depression. I think my father was always a frustrated lawyer.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004#t=1045.0,1122.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004/transcript/92480/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHN:\u003c/strong\u003e You became a lawyer.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004#t=1122.0,1123.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004/transcript/92480/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003ePALMER:\u003c/strong\u003e I became a lawyer. It made him happy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004#t=1123.0,1126.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004/transcript/92480/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHN:\u003c/strong\u003e I want to know a little bit about your family today. You mentioned your wife, your children, and your education, but finish the story you were telling","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004#t=1126.0,1138.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004/transcript/92480/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003ePALMER:\u003c/strong\u003e Let me go back a little bit, too, because it's important to me. The roots in Selma remain to the extent not that we go back. I've got a whole lot of family there. They're all in Live Oak Cemetery, which is a beautiful cemetery in Selma. Oak trees and Spanish moss. It's interesting that the Jewish section of Live Oak abuts the Confederate soldiers' part of the cemetery. The Jewish cemetery and the Confederate cemetery out there, there is a big statue of Stonewall Jackson that overlooks a lot of Jewish folks in the cemetery. I can walk you back to the early 1800’s there, and we can tell stories. It's fine. We have picnics in the cemetery and you can walk in and talk. You talk about assimilating. I was raised more as a Southern guy. I went to YMCA camp. I was a counselor to Young Men’s Christian Association camp. I was an officer in the Hi-Y chapter. I was up for a national office in Hi-Y. I think the reason I didn't get it is they gave me a list of questions that I tucked away and my mother kept. I think one of the questions they asked me was, “Why does a nice Christian boy like you think that they're able to lead the Hi-Y?” I said, “I’m Jewish. I don't know.” I didn't get the national office. I didn't think anything about any of that. We were so similar. I was on the student council. President of student council. We did all that. My brother was captain of the football team, quarterback on the football team. We were integrated in the best of ways. I never thought Jewish or not Jewish. That's what I was. I went to Sunday school.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004#t=1138.0,1242.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004/transcript/92480/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHN:\u003c/strong\u003e The interesting thing that was different, I think, in most Southern towns was the country club in Selma didn't think anything about having Jewish members. Christians and Jews all belonged to the same country club in Selma, is that correct?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004#t=1242.0,1262.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004/transcript/92480/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003ePALMER:\u003c/strong\u003e When I say it was antisemitism; I never personally experienced antisemitism. I was at a friend's house once when his grandfather was hanging up, looked like a sheet in the closet. One of the other friends said, “What is that?” He said, “That's my Ku Klux Klan robe.” One friend, I was 12 years old, said, “You’re in the Ku Klux Klan?” He said, “Sure.” The other friend said, “They all hate Jews, and Eddie's a Jew.” The comment was something like this, “Oh my God, we love Eddie. He's like part of our families. It’s all those other Jews we have a problem with.” It was the focus on the person in front of him and not . . . some Jewish folks weren't loved. I told you the story when I got a call when I was at [Tyler] Union High School. I had just been elected president of the student council. I got a call from him. I'm not going to say his name. He was a well-established lawyer from an old landed family. I know now, he was not only intolerant of African Americans but Jewish folks too. He developed some property later on after I left Selma, built homes that had restricted covenants that if you buy this home, you sign this covenant, you can't sell this to Jews or Catholics and certainly not to black folks or anybody like that. I got a call from Mr. Whatever. Basically, what he asked me to do, he was forming the White Citizens’ Councils. They were also forming the Junior White Citizens' Council. He asked me if I would consider being the president of the Junior White Citizen's Council in Selma. I had those kinds of experiences.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004#t=1262.0,1371.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004/transcript/92480/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHN:\u003c/strong\u003e For the record, what was your reply?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004#t=1371.0,1374.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004/transcript/92480/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003ePALMER:\u003c/strong\u003e I said I have to talk to my daddy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004#t=1374.0,1377.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004/transcript/92480/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHN:\u003c/strong\u003e What did your daddy say?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004#t=1377.0,1378.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004/transcript/92480/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003ePALMER:\u003c/strong\u003e He said, “I don't think that's a good idea.” It's [indistinct: 23:01]. But I was asked to be, and I went to one meeting, because I was curious what it was all about, and I knew all the guys who were in it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004#t=1378.0,1393.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004/transcript/92480/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHN:\u003c/strong\u003e What was it all about?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004#t=1393.0,1397.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004/transcript/92480/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003ePALMER:\u003c/strong\u003e The White Citizens’ Councils, in my opinion, wanted to have the facade of the Rotary Club or the Kiwanis Club and yet be KKK. The underlying theme of the White Citizens' Councils was that we don't hate folks, we just stand for states' rights. That was the George Wallace states' rights. We don't like these outside meddlers coming in and telling us what to do and when to do it. The pretense was, we're not the KKK. We’re not going to burn crosses. The actuality is the same type of discriminatory underlying policy. I think most of the folks that belong to it were racist and probably some antisemitic in there too.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004#t=1397.0,1447.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004/transcript/92480/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHN:\u003c/strong\u003e Let's talk a little bit about life as a married person. How did you meet your wife? Tell us a little about your children and the life that you've built with your family here.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004#t=1447.0,1459.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004/transcript/92480/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003ePALMER:\u003c/strong\u003e I had wonderful seven years in New Orleans [Louisiana], which is part of the whole mix, because I think I was raised in Selma and grew up in New Orleans. I met my wife in October of 1961. I have a postcard that I wrote to my mother. Long-distance calls were too expensive, so I used to write postcards. I said, “I have a date.” I wrote to mother and dad. I said, “I have a date Friday night with a girl named Judy Levine from Little Rock, Arkansas. You'll be happy to know she's Jewish.” She was the first Jewish girl I ever dated, the only Jewish girl I ever dated. We dated on and off through college.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004#t=1459.0,1498.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004/transcript/92480/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHN:\u003c/strong\u003e College was Tulane [University]?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004#t=1498.0,1500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004/transcript/92480/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003ePALMER:\u003c/strong\u003e Tulane. She was Tulane and I was Tulane. All of my siblings went to Tulane. My grandson had just graduated from Tulane. We had a graduation, and I turned to my wife and I said, “Do you realize 60 years ago that was us?” We graduated in 1965. He graduated in 2025. We were on a 60-year span. We have about 19 to 20 degrees from Tulane, between spouses, nieces, and nephews. One of my children went there. My grandchild just graduated. We have law degrees. We have medical degrees. We have master’s of social work degrees. We have undergraduate degrees. We funded Tulane for a long time. I met her at Tulane. We got married in 1966. We spent two years as a married couple in the [French] Quarter. We lived in the Quarter for a couple years in New Orleans. It was a glorious experience. Then we moved. I moved to Alabama to take the Alabama bar [exam], because I didn't know where I wanted to go or what I wanted do. I began to interview in both Birmingham and Atlanta. The first job I got was in Atlanta. We said, “Atlanta is where we're going.” I didn't know anybody here really, except Jim Brindle [sp]. We moved to Atlanta in January of 1969.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004#t=1500.0,1576.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004/transcript/92480/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHN:\u003c/strong\u003e It was interesting, you went into law, but they tried to sidetrack you for a little while to go into the business, the department store, into the Kayser’s. \n\nPALMER:","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004#t=1576.0,1589.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004/transcript/92480/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"My dad did. He didn't try to sidetrack me. My grandfather died. I was the oldest son. It was the old deal with the oldest sons. In 1966, I got married. I worked in the store for the summer. I came to Columbus, Georgia. Spent two weeks with my grandparents and worked at Kayser-Lilienthal. My father showed me the books. Showed me everything and said, “Son, do you have any interest?” I didn't have any interest.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004#t=1589.0,1617.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004/transcript/92480/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHN:\u003c/strong\u003e You practice law, and you and Judy are now in Atlanta. Continue.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004#t=1617.0,1624.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004/transcript/92480/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003ePALMER:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, I've had a lot of midlife crises. I practiced law. I was a professor at Georgia State [University] for 25 years while I was still practicing law. I've done all kinds of side deals. I taught a course at a private school that I called Southern Experience through Southern Literature. Four weeks during that short time, I did that a couple of years, I think. I couldn't teach a Jewish Studies course, but I could teach a Southern Lit course. I did my best to acquaint myself with Southern lit, probably one of the highlights of my life was spending an evening with Eudora Welty, just having a conversation with Miss Welty. I'm referring to Pat Conroy. Pat, I represented what was then the Southern Israelite in Atlanta, when Vida Goldgar was the editor. Vida was my buddy. I represented Southern Israelite, being a Reform Jew who didn't really know that much about Judaism. I would pull Pat and Vida together because Pat loved to tell stories. Vida loved to hear stories. We would come to my house, and we would have conversations. I loved conversations as I grew up.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004#t=1624.0,1689.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004/transcript/92480/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHN:\u003c/strong\u003e How did you end up meeting Pat Conroy and Eudora Welty?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004#t=1689.0,1694.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004/transcript/92480/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003ePALMER:\u003c/strong\u003e My wife got a job. My wife got a master's at Emory [University]. She went and got a doctorate later on, but after she got her master's, she wanted to teach. She's not a club woman. In fact, it was an era when not that many women worked in the early 1970’s. Her mother's comment wasn’t, “I’m so proud of you.” Her mother’s comment was, “What about the children?” Which was more negative than a positive. But there was a new school that was just opening in Atlanta called Paideia. She was the language department that opened in the high school in 1973. The school started in 1971. She started in 1972, so my kids started preschool in 1973. One of my best friends, then and now, is a kid by the name of Megan Conroy. Megan is 55, so she's not a kid. Megan Conroy grew up in our house because Megan grew up with Amanda, and that thread has been there. We knew Barbara, the mother. We knew Pat very well. Pat was a presence in my life from, I guess, 1973 forward until he died. He was a friend. That was the relationship.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004#t=1694.0,1759.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004/transcript/92480/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHN:\u003c/strong\u003e What was so special about your conversation with Eudora Welty?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004#t=1759.0,1763.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004/transcript/92480/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003ePALMER:\u003c/strong\u003e Oh, Lord. It was an interesting evening. She gave a reading at Paideia. She wasn’t an extemporaneous storyteller like Pat Conroy was. Ms. Welty wrote incredible books and short stories. She gave a reading, and afterwards the board of directors and the faculty were invited to a home in Morningside. Miss Welty was there. She was sitting in one of those old kind of chairs that old folks sit in. I think people were intimidated. People would come up and introduce themselves to her and not talk. I sat on the floor by the chair and said, “Miss Welty, I’m Eddie Palmer.” We started a conversation. We talked for probably two hours. I asked her what one of her greatest fears was. She said, “Son, one of my greatest fears is that people are losing the art of conversation.” I've never forgotten that. It was an incredible evening for me because she was history. She wrote history. When I taught the course in Southern literature at the school, they asked me what my experience was. I said, “I grew up with all those folks Pat Conroy wrote about, and all those folks that Eudora wrote about. I grew in a world of dysfunction. In terms of, if you call it dysfunction. They were wonderful Southern families, Jewish Southern families. Southern families. I know these people.” That was my history.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004#t=1763.0,1848.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004/transcript/92480/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHN:\u003c/strong\u003e Those were the connections with Judy and the different experiences that you've had. Tell us about your children. Tell us the names of your children and what about your family.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004#t=1848.0,1864.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004/transcript/92480/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003ePALMER:\u003c/strong\u003e My children, that's my legacy. There's nothing of which I'm more proud than my children and my grandchildren.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004#t=1864.0,1872.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004/transcript/92480/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHN:\u003c/strong\u003e Tell me their names.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004#t=1872.0,1874.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004/transcript/92480/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003ePALMER:\u003c/strong\u003e My oldest child is Amanda. My middle child is Keane Edwin, Keane. My first name in the middle, Edwin. Keane. My youngest child is Jill. Amanda will be 55 next month. Keane is 52, 53 in September. My baby is 47. I'm lucky. I have my two girls here. My son is in Denver [Colorado].","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004#t=1874.0,1903.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004/transcript/92480/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHN:\u003c/strong\u003e Your grandchildren?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004#t=1903.0,1905.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004/transcript/92480/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003ePALMER:\u003c/strong\u003e They're the best. My grandchildren go from age 22 to age barely 4. Four was a surprise. My 43-year-old child. My 47-year old child had a child at 43. She got married when she was 38, 39. This was after she lived in New York for 10 years. She stood in audition lines before she decided enough of this and moved back and met a wonderful guy. I have a 4-year-old and a 22-year-old.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004#t=1905.0,1933.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004/transcript/92480/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHN:\u003c/strong\u003e What are your grandchildren's names?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004#t=1933.0,1935.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004/transcript/92480/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003ePALMER:\u003c/strong\u003e The oldest is J.P. John Palmer. He's John Palmer Lockwood. He's a combination. His father was Irish, he's American with Irish heritage. They were born in Pittsburgh [Pennsylvania], so they raised Jewish, although, again, very Reform Jewish. J. P. Just graduated. His sister, Elizabeth, is 19. Will be a sophomore at the University of Vermont next year. Those are my two older ones. My Denver grandchildren, we just went to, we flew from New Orleans, Tulane graduation to Denver for a high school graduation. My grandson Henry, which is interesting, his name is Henry Kayser Palmer. Henry was my wife's father's name. You carry the legacy, HKP, with the initials of my mother and his grandfather's name and my middle name. Henry Kayser Palmer just graduated. He's going to Cal Poly [California Polytechnic State University] next year. He wants to be an engineer. But he went to a performing arts school. I'm convinced the reason he got to Cal Poly is how many people want to go into engineering when they went to performing arts school and they're a guitarist? Anyway, he's headed to California. His sister, Ava will be a sophomore in high school next year. She is 15. Has a driver's permit. Then the baby, Josie, is four years old. The best thing in my life is every Monday, Wednesday, and Friday, we pick her up at daycare, and we take care of her for a couple of hours. The really best thing in my life is this small apartment behind my child's house. That's my office, so I get to see that grandchild pretty much every day. I hear a knock on the door, and so I play with a four-year-old daily.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004#t=1935.0,2050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004/transcript/92480/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHN:\u003c/strong\u003e When you say your office, are you still practicing or teaching at this point?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004#t=2050.0,2057.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004/transcript/92480/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003ePALMER:\u003c/strong\u003e No, I had some health issues, but I taught for about 22 years. I had to pull back from teaching in 2017.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004#t=2057.0,2069.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004/transcript/92480/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHN:\u003c/strong\u003e Remind me of the subject and the place that you taught.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004#t=2069.0,2074.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004/transcript/92480/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003ePALMER:\u003c/strong\u003e That's an interesting story, too. I'm a liberal arts guy. When I applied to Tulane and Emory, I applied to the College of Business. They said you're not going to get in because your math grades are horrible, but you can go into arts and humanities. I was an arts and humanities guy. I taught in the College of Business, which is kind of weird for me, at Georgia State for 22 years. I taught in the Risk Management Department in Georgia State. I taught varied number of courses. I keep up with a lot of my students. It was a good place for somebody who likes conversations.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004#t=2074.0,2113.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004/transcript/92480/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHN:\u003c/strong\u003e I have a couple of more questions for you. One is, do you feel that growing up Jewish in a small town had a major effect on the person you became? What was it about the South that shaped you? As it shaped you, what are some of those values that you want to instill in your children and grandchildren?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004#t=2113.0,2143.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004/transcript/92480/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003ePALMER:\u003c/strong\u003e The Jewish people shaped me, and being Southern, certainly shaped me. The Jewish people shaped me culturally, in many ways. Part of the impact in my life and all of my life was not so much the first two decades. It was after my father died when I met this whole other family. It was like one of my children said . . . we drove up to Massachusetts when my children were 10, 12. One of my children later wrote a story comparing Christmas at our house with Christmas to dinner with Aunt Molly. It was like having dinner in a Woody Allen movie. It was all these great aunts reaching across and putting more food on the table and everybody interrupting everybody and laughing loudly and all that. We talked a lot growing up in the South, but it wasn't a Woody Allen movie kind of conversation. It was more of a Mel Brooks, Woody Allen experience. Meeting these great aunts and getting the history, I was lucky to have a good bit of time with them after my father died and learning the history and learning that side of my family. I saw the importance of family in the Jewish piece. The threads were really woven into my life of the importance in family in terms of the Jewish family structure and the importance of supporting one another and being there for one another and the pride you had in everybody in your family. I knew your grandparents well. Your grandmother probably had an impact on my life in her own way. Aunt Ruth was what I called your grandmother. That piece played out. The Southern piece played out in a lot of ways. I was lucky enough. You can Google the name, I had a friend, Kathryn Windham. Ms. Windham was a real storyteller. She published seven or eight books on ghosts. She introduced me to things that I never would have known, like the grandchildren of slaves who were sharecroppers in Cahaba, Alabama. They used to go to . . . at Cahaba where they still practiced what Kathryn called voodoo, which is a combination of some of the old African religions combined with Christianity, a lot of herbal medicines, a lot connection with ancestors, that type of thing. It was that whole sudden experience of learning about what life had been about, what life was all about. I think the good part of it were just the human connections. I still connect with several other Selma friends. We don't agree politically. I'm still Jewish, and they're not, which is not necessarily a good thing in their life, but we still connect. During the health issues I had, those folks were soldiers. I would get letters from those folks. I'd get books from those folks. They would call my wife probably weekly, monthly, to see how Eddie was doing. There was a huge support system there. I recognized, I think, the importance of human connection in your life and what that means. What I also learned was what intolerance was all about. I think some experiences I had in New Orleans helped me set my moral compass in the right direction.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004#t=2143.0,2373.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004/transcript/92480/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHN:\u003c/strong\u003e When you talk about your moral compass, what are some of the things that are important to you with your moral compass? Things that you feel proud about, that you feel and that you do, and that you talk about.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004#t=2373.0,2389.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004/transcript/92480/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003ePALMER:\u003c/strong\u003e Fight intolerance wherever you see intolerance. A lot of the things I've done in Atlanta, various boards I've been on, some in New Orleans, but any marginalized community. It doesn't have to be African American. Any marginalized community. I feel the need to stand up and stand tall. I've done the best I know how to do. I never feel like I’ve done enough. I told you about the White Citizens’ Council call. Let me give you a quick interesting story. Fifty years later, almost to the day, a good friend of mine called me. Her name was Lillian Lewis. She was Congressman [John] Lewis' wife. John and Lillian Lewis became friends of mine. It was very early. It was around . . . It was almost 50 that the call I got from . . . when I was asked about being president of the White Citizens’ Council was, I think, 50 years before I got a call from Lillian Lewis saying,” Eddie, I want to ask you if you want to do something.” I said, “Lillian, what are you talking about?” Because I used to meet Lillian at Lexon Square McDonald's. We used to eat hamburgers together at McDonalds a lot. I said, “What?” She says, “Why don't you drive me to meet John in Selma for the march.” That was the congressional march. I said, “Are you serious?” She said, “Yes. Why don't you. Let's us ride over there and you go with me to the dinner.” I returned home to Selma with Lillian Lewis to go on the congressional march with the congressman. You had dinner with all the congressmen and stuff like that. The best thing about it was Lillian said, “I want to meet your mother.” I said, “My mother would love it.” Quite frankly, I don't know, outside of the help, whether an African American had actually sat down in the living room with my mother and had a conversation. But mother was thrilled. Lillian and mother spent an afternoon together. Lillian asked mother to come down to the hotel the next morning to have breakfast with her, and mother did. I think in her own way, that was my mother's way to say, I'm with you because she was a daughter of the South. When mother moved to Nashville [Tennessee], she was 90. She lived to 90.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004#t=2389.0,2531.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004/transcript/92480/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHN:\u003c/strong\u003e She moved there to be with your sister,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004#t=2531.0,2537.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004/transcript/92480/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003ePALMER:\u003c/strong\u003e But that's because, I won't give you the reasons, that's a whole other story. Yes, she lived in, not assisted living, but lived in. She always said, “I know the congressman comes to Nashville, and I'd love for him to come and have dinner with me.” I think it was because she lived in one of those buildings that had the step programs if you needed assistance. I think it was primarily a white population. I think my mother really wanted to walk into the dining room on the arm of John Lewis. It never happened, which I think she wanted it to happen. That's my history. What are the values? I learned from my grandfather and my father and my mother to be good and kind to other folks. I am certainly no better than anybody else. I like to think I'm not worse than anybody. I'm a little better than everybody else. I like for my home to be an open home. I’m like my parents, I want people to feel comfortable. I still like the old tradition. I won't get into that story, but when you reach my age, you gain a lot. You lose a lot, because you lose the people that were around you. I had two really close friends in Atlanta, one from Pine Hill, Alabama, and one from Clanton, Alabama. I knew them growing up. I always felt a connection. I always felt the roots were there. They died on me. I had another friend, I just picked up a book, from Clanton, Alabama. He was a lawyer here for a while. Then he decided, and he was pretty progressive guy, he decided he didn't want to do nothing and became a Buddhist. He and his second wife bought a horse farm in Kentucky. He named his son Andrew Lytle Smith because Andrew Lytle is a writer who wrote about the land. He wrote about the wilderness of the South. These were people that I don't have any more that would feed me conversations about the way I grew up. I think their value system is my value system, which is fighting tolerance wherever you see it with the marginalized.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004#t=2537.0,2684.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004/transcript/92480/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHN:\u003c/strong\u003e Eddie, to begin to conclude the interview, I want to just pose a couple of things, and you don't have to answer at all, because some of it may have already been addressed. When you think about things of a legacy that you want to leave to your family, or any other details, or anything you want to say, let's do that now. Anything else that you think of you want to add, any message about a legacy that you would like to leave that's important to you, we can conclude with that type of information from you from these wonderful, wonderful stories that you shared with us about growing up Jewish, being a true Southern gentleman from Selma, Alabama.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004#t=2684.0,2738.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004/transcript/92480/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003ePALMER:\u003c/strong\u003e I’m not sure about the gentleman.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004#t=2738.0,2740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004/transcript/92480/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHN:\u003c/strong\u003e But I am.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004#t=2740.0,2747.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004/transcript/92480/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003ePALMER:\u003c/strong\u003e Human connection is where it ends. Stay connected, the good kind.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004#t=2747.0,2758.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004/transcript/92480/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHN:\u003c/strong\u003e I want to thank you so much for what has been a very important interview, and thank you for your time and your stories and for being who you are.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004#t=2758.0,2771.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004/transcript/92480/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003ePALMER:\u003c/strong\u003e Thank you. I appreciate it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004#t=2771.0,2773.5"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004/annotation_set/2463","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Annotations [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004/annotation_set/2463/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGail Cohn (b. 1943) is an active member of the Atlanta Jewish community and President of her company LeaderShape Consultants. She earned her Bachelor of Science degree in Education from the University of Georgia in 1965 and her Master of Science in Human Resource Management from National Louis University in 1995. Gail was very involved in the civil rights movement and worked to desegregate high schools in Columbus, Georgia. She has served the community in a variety of roles, including as a corporate trainer for Blue Cross Blue Shield of Georgia, teaching workshops at DeKalb Technical Institute, Chattahoochee Valley Community College, and Columbus State University. Gail has also worked with the Jewish Federation of Greater Atlanta, the Anti-Defamation League, and she was involved with JFGA’s Young Leadership Council.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004#t=2.0,40.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004/annotation_set/2463/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum in Atlanta celebrates and commemorates Jewish history, culture, and art through events and museum spaces. The Breman also contains the Cuba Family Archives for Southern Jewish History, which houses thousands of manuscripts, oral histories, and photograph collections, related to southern Jewish history and the Holocaust. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004#t=2.0,40.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004/annotation_set/2463/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSelma is a city in Dallas County, the Black Belt region of south-central Alabama. The city is located on the banks of the Alabama River, making it a trading center and market town during the antebellum years of the American South and an important armaments-manufacturing and iron shipbuilding center for the Confederacy during the Civil War. Today, the city is best known for the 1960s Civil Rights Movement and the Selma to Montgomery marches, beginning with \"Bloody Sunday\" in 1965 and ending with 25,000 people entering Montgomery at the end of the last march to press for voting rights. This activism generated national attention for social justice and that summer, the Voting Rights Act of 1965 was passed. Following agriculture and industry decline, Selma’s population has declined since its peak in the 1960’s. In the 2020 census, the population was almost 18,000 and about 80 percent of the population is African American. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004#t=60.0,66.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004/annotation_set/2463/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHannah Kayser Palmer (1914-2009) was born in Selma, Alabama, to Edwin and Lillian Leva Kayser. She graduated from Selma High School, attended National Park Seminary in Washington, D.C., and then went on to Northwestern University. She was a longtime member of the Selma Garden Club, served on the Dallas County Girl Scout Council, and was president of the Council of Jewish Women, as well as involved in numerous public school and community projects. She was married to Seymour Palmer, and they had four children.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004#t=78.0,87.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004/annotation_set/2463/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSeymour Palmer (1913-1979) was president and general manager of Isadore Kayser and Co. He was born in Fall River, Massachusetts, and raised in New York City. He was a graduate of the University of Michigan and attended Columbia University Law School. He married Hannah Kayser in 1940, and they had four children.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004#t=78.0,87.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004/annotation_set/2463/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFall River is a city in Bristol County, Massachusetts. It abuts the Rhode Island state line with Tiverton, Rhode Island, to its south. Located along the eastern shore of Mount Hope Bay at the mouth of the Taunton River, the city gained recognition during the 19th century as a leading textile manufacturing center in the United States.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004#t=90.0,237.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004/annotation_set/2463/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe University of Michigan is a public research university in Ann Arbor, Michigan. It’s the oldest university in Michigan. It was founded in 1817 by an act of the Michigan Territory, 20 years before Michigan became a state. It moved to Ann Arbor in 1837.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004#t=90.0,237.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004/annotation_set/2463/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA bar mitzvah [Hebrew: son of commandments; plural: b’nai mitzvah] is a rite of passage for Jewish boys aged 13 years and one day. At that time, a Jewish boy is considered a responsible adult for most religious purposes. He is now duty-bound to keep the commandments, he puts on tefillin, and may be counted to the minyan quorum for public worship. He celebrates the bar mitzvah by being called up to the reading of the Torah in the synagogue, usually on the next available Sabbath after his Hebrew birthday.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004#t=90.0,237.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004/annotation_set/2463/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWilliam Cuthbert Faulkner (1897-1962) was an American writer. He is best known for his novels and short stories set in the fictional Yoknapatawpha County, Mississippi, a stand-in for Lafayette County, where he spent most of his life. A Nobel laureate, Faulkner is one of the most celebrated writers of American literature, often considered the greatest writer of Southern literature and regarded as one of the most influential and important writers of the 20th century.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004#t=309.0,351.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004/annotation_set/2463/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eColumbia University is a private Ivy League university located in New York City. The university was founded in 1754 and was known as King’s College. It is the oldest higher education institution in New York and the fifth oldest in the United States.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004#t=355.0,445.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004/annotation_set/2463/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA severe worldwide economic downturn known as the Great Depression began in the United States in 1929. It was the longest, most widespread, and deepest depression of the 20th century with far-reaching effects around the globe, especially in Europe. In Europe, World War I had a long-term impact on the economy and financial stability. Postwar inflation spiraled into hyperinflation by the 1920’s and European banks struggled to stay open. Exasperating the situation were skyrocketing unemployment rates. The Great Depression had immediately visible political and social ramifications in Europe, including increased antisemitism and nationalism.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004#t=355.0,445.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004/annotation_set/2463/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe American Civil War, widely known in the United States as the “Civil War” or the “War Between the States,” was fought from 1861 to 1865 to determine the survival of the Union or independence for the Confederacy. In January 1861, seven Southern slave states declared their secession from the United States and formed the Confederate States of America. The Confederacy, often called the “South,” grew to include 11 states, and although they claimed 13 states and additional western territories, the Confederacy was never diplomatically recognized by a foreign country. The states that did not declare secession were known as the “Union” or the “North.” The war had its origin in the issue of slavery. After four years of bloody combat, which left over 600,000 Union and Confederate soldiers dead and destroyed much of the South's infrastructure, the Confederacy collapsed, slavery was abolished, and the difficult Reconstruction process of restoring national unity and granting civil rights to freed slaves began.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004#t=452.0,535.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004/annotation_set/2463/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAlbany is a city in south Georgia, approximately 150 miles south of Atlanta. In 1937, Albany’s Jewish population was 290. By 1960, it had grown to 475, before peaking at 525 in 1968. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004#t=452.0,535.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004/annotation_set/2463/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eColumbus is a city in western Georgia and lies on the Chattahoochee River directly across from Phenix City, Alabama. The city was founded in 1828 and is named for Christopher Columbus. The city was the site of the last land battle of the Civil War. The Battle of Columbus, Georgia occurred on April 16, 1865 after the Lee’s surrender and the assassination of President Lincoln. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004#t=554.0,631.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004/annotation_set/2463/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMontgomery is the capital city of the state of Alabama. The city was founded in 1819 and was named for Continental Army General Richard Montgomery. During the Civil War, the city was the first capital of the Confederate States of America until the capital was moved to Richmond, Viriginia. During the Civil War Movement, the city was center of various events including the Montgomery bus boycott and the Selma to Montgomery marches.  \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004#t=554.0,631.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004/annotation_set/2463/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBirmingham is located in the north central part of the southern state of Alabama. It is the county seat of Jefferson county and the most populous city in the state. During the Civil Rights Movement of the 1950s and 1960s, the city received national and international attention. In 1963, local civil right activist Fred Shuttlesworth asked Martin Luther King Jr. and the Southern Christian Conference to come to the city to help end segregation. Their effort was known as Project C (Confrontation) and specifically attacked the Jim Crow systems that existed in the city. The sit-ins and mass marches were organized and lead to 3,000 arrests, but eventually lead to desegregation in the city and helped with the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Dr. King was among those arrested and jailed. During his time in jail, he wrote his famous Letter from Birmingham Jail. Birmingham was also the site of the 16th Street Baptist Church bombing in 1963, which killed four young black girls.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004#t=554.0,631.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004/annotation_set/2463/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIsadore Kayser (1876-1951) was the son of Mathilde and Abraham Kayser. He was the founder of Isidore Kayser and Company retail firm. He was a charter member of the YMCA and the Selma Rotary Club boards. He married Helen Markstein, and they had two children.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004#t=554.0,631.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004/annotation_set/2463/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Ku Klux Klan (or Knights of the Ku Klux Klan today, also referred to as the KKK) is a white supremacist, white nationalist, anti-immigration, anti-Jewish, anti-Catholic, anti-Black secret society, whose methods have included terrorism and murder. It was founded in the South in the 1860s and then died out and has come back several times, most notably in the 1920s when membership soared again, and then again in the 1960s during the civil rights era. When the Klan was re-founded in 1915 in Georgia, the event was marked by a cross burning on Stone Mountain. In the past its members dressed up in white robes and pointed hoods designed to hide their identity and to terrify. It is still in existence.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004#t=631.0,669.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004/annotation_set/2463/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWhite Citizens’ Council (WCC) was an American white supremacist organization formed on July 11, 1954. After 1956, it was known as the Citizens’ Councils of America. It had about 60,000 members, mostly in the South, and was opposed to racial integration during the 1950's and 1960's when it retaliated with economic boycotts and strong intimidation against Black activists, including depriving them of jobs. By the 1970's its influence had faded.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004#t=631.0,669.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004/annotation_set/2463/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Selma to Montgomery marches were three marches in 1965 that marked the political and emotional peak of the American Civil Rights Movement. Selma and Montgomery were the focus of Black voter registration drives which were resisted on every front. The marches were to support voting rights for Blacks. The first was on March 7, 1965 and came to be known as “Bloody Sunday” when 600 civil rights marchers were attacked by state and local police with billy clubs and tear gas. Several marchers, both Black and white, were beaten or murdered over the course of the marches. The second march was on March 9, 1965. Martin Luther King Jr. led 2,500 protestors who were turned back after crossing the Edmund Pettus Bridge. The third march started on March 16. The marchers marched along US Route 80 protected by 2,000 soldiers of the United States Army, 1,900 members of the Alabama National Guard under Federal command, FBI agents and Federal Marshals. They arrived in Montgomery on March 24. The marchers in the third march were fed by women volunteers who cooked the food in the kitchen of the Green Street Baptist Church after which it was delivered to the gathering point for the march by truck.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004#t=669.0,833.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004/annotation_set/2463/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Help is a historical fiction novel by American author Kathryn Stockett published in 2009. The story is about African Americans working in white households in Jackson, Mississippi, during the early 1960’s.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004#t=669.0,833.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004/annotation_set/2463/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDriving Miss Daisy (1987) is the first in what is known as Alfred Uhry’s \"Atlanta Trilogy\" of plays earning him the Pulitzer Prize for Drama. Uhry adapted it into the screenplay for the 1989 Academy Award winning film of the same name. The film stars Jessica Tandy, Morgan Freeman, and Dan Aykroyd. The story of Miss Daisy Werthan, a Southern Jewish widow and Hoke Colburn, her Black chauffeur, is set in Atlanta between 1948 and 1973 as their 25-year friendship reflects the social changes in the American South.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004#t=669.0,833.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004/annotation_set/2463/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eYMCA, sometimes regionally called the Y, is a worldwide youth organization based in Geneva, Switzerland, with more than 64 million beneficiaries in 120 countries. It was founded on 6 June 1844 by Sir George Williams in London, originally as the Young Men's Christian Association, and aims to put Christian principles into practice by developing a healthy \"body, mind, and spirit.\"\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004#t=669.0,833.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004/annotation_set/2463/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLions Clubs International (LCI) is an international non-political service organization established originally in 1917 in Chicago, Illinois, by Melvin Jones. It is now headquartered in Oak Brook, Illinois. As of January 2020, it had over 46,000 local clubs and more than 1.4 million members (including the youth wing Leo) in more than 200 countries around the world.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004#t=669.0,833.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004/annotation_set/2463/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eReform Judaism is a division within Judaism, especially in North America and the United Kingdom. Historically it began in the 19th century. In general, the Reform movement maintains that Judaism and Jewish traditions should be modernized and compatible with participation in Western culture. While the Torah remains the law, in Reform Judaism women are included (mixed seating, bat mitzvah, and women rabbis), instrumental music is allowed in the services, and most of the service is in the local language as opposed to Hebrew.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004#t=833.0,851.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004/annotation_set/2463/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eConfirmation is a coming-of-age ritual that originated in the Reform movement, which scorned the idea that at 13 years of age a child was an adult. They replaced bar and bat mitzvah with a confirmation ceremony at about age 16 to 18. In some Conservative synagogues the confirmation concept has been adopted as a way to continue and child’s Jewish education and involvement for a few more years.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004#t=851.0,865.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004/annotation_set/2463/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe High Holy Days are the two holiest times of the Jewish calendar: Rosh HaShanah (Jewish New Year) and Yom Kippur (Day of Atonement).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004#t=851.0,865.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004/annotation_set/2463/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMartin Luther King, Jr. (1929-1968) is best known for his role as a leader in the Civil Rights Movement and the advancement of civil rights using nonviolent civil disobedience based on his Christian beliefs. A Baptist minister, King became a civil rights activist early in his career. He led the 1955 Montgomery Bus Boycott and helped found the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) in 1957, serving as its first president. With the SCLC, King led an unsuccessful struggle against segregation in Albany, Georgia, in 1962, and organized nonviolent protests in Birmingham, Alabama, that attracted national attention following television news coverage of the brutal police response. King also helped to organize the 1963 March on Washington, where he delivered his famous \"I Have a Dream\" speech. On October 14, 1964, King received the Nobel Peace Prize for combating racial inequality through nonviolence. In 1965, he and the SCLC helped to organize the Selma to Montgomery marches and the following year, he took the movement north to Chicago to work on segregated housing. King was assassinated on April 4, 1968 in Memphis, Tennessee. His death was followed by riots in many United States’ cities. King was posthumously awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom and the Congressional Gold Medal. Martin Luther King, Jr. Day was established as a holiday in numerous cities and states beginning in 1971, and as a United States federal holiday in 1986.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004#t=866.0,919.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004/annotation_set/2463/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRosh HaShanah [Hebrew: head of the year] begins the cycle of High Holy Days. It introduces the Ten Days of Penitence, when Jews examine their souls and take stock of their actions. On the tenth day is Yom Kippur, the Day of Atonement. The tradition is that on Rosh HaShanah, G-d sits in judgment on humanity. Then the fate of every living creature is inscribed in the Book of Life or the Book of Death. Prayer and repentance before the sealing of the books on Yom Kippur may revoke these decisions.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004#t=866.0,919.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004/annotation_set/2463/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eYom Kippur [Hebrew: day of atonement] is the most sacred day of the Jewish year. Most of the 25-hour fast day is spent in prayer, reciting yizkor for deceased relatives, confessing sins, requesting divine forgiveness, and listening to Torah readings and sermons. People greet each other with the wish that they may be sealed in the heavenly book for a good year ahead. The day ends with the blowing of the shofar (a ram’s horn).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004#t=866.0,919.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004/annotation_set/2463/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePesach [Hebrew: Passover] is the celebration of Israel’s liberation from Egyptian bondage. The holiday lasts for eight days. Unleavened bread, matzo, is eaten in memory of the unleavened bread prepared by the Israelites during their hasty flight from Egypt, when they had not time to wait for the dough to rise. On the first two nights of Passover, the seder, the central event of the holiday, is celebrated.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004#t=919.0,934.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004/annotation_set/2463/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHanukkah or Chanukah [Hebrew: dedication] is an eight-day festival of lights usually falling around Christmas on the Christian calendar. Hanukkah celebrates the victory of the Maccabees in 165 BCE over the Seleucid rulers of Palestine, who had desecrated the Temple. The Maccabees wanted to re-dedicate the Temple altar to Jewish worship by rekindling the menorah (ritual candelabra) but could only find one small jar of ritually pure olive oil. This oil continued to burn miraculously for eight days, enabling them to prepare new oil. The Hanukkah menorah, or hanukiah, with its nine branches, is used to commemorate this miracle by lighting eight candles, one for each day, with the ninth candle.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004#t=919.0,934.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004/annotation_set/2463/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMatzo, or matzah balls are dumplings made from matzo meal, an Ashkenazi custom. The balls are dropped into chicken soup or boiling water. They are popular during Passover.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004#t=934.0,1025.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004/annotation_set/2463/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eNorthwestern University is a private research university in Evanston, Illinois established in 1851. The university’s main campus is on the shores of Lake Michigan in the Chicago metropolitan area. The university was initially affiliated with the Methodist Episcopal Church but later became non-sectarian. Northwestern University has 11 undergraduate, graduate, and professional schools. The university had additional campuses in downtown Chicago, Coral Gables, Florida, San Francisco, California, Doha, Qatar, and Washington, D.C.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004#t=1045.0,1122.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004/annotation_set/2463/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eKatharine Gibbs College was a for-profit institution of higher learning based in the United States, founded by Katharine Gibbs. It was first founded in 1911 as the Providence School in Rhode Island, an institution that focused on the career education of young women. A few years later, the institution expanded with satellite campuses in Boston, Massachusetts, New York City, and Montclair, New Jersey, and was renamed for its founder. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004#t=1045.0,1122.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004/annotation_set/2463/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRaleigh is capital city of North Carolina. It is located in the Research Triangle, or simply the Triangle, which are common nicknames for a metropolitan area in the Piedmont region of North Carolina. The area is anchored by three major research universities: Duke, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, and North Carolina State University. The universities are in the three cities of Raleigh, Durham, and Chapel Hill, which, if connected by an imaginary line on a map would form a Triangle. The area is also a hub for technology and biotech companies.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004#t=1045.0,1122.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004/annotation_set/2463/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLive Oak Cemetery is a historic cemetery in Selma, Alabama, founded in 1829 as West Selma Graveyard. When additional acreage was purchased in 1877, the name was changed to Live Oak Cemetery. The newer portion contains burials of Confederate States leaders as well as a formerly enslaved Benjamin Sterling Turner, an African-American who served as United States representative for Alabama during the Reconstruction era. Many early settlers, Selma leaders, and prominent Alabamians are buried in Live Oak. The cemetery is listed on the Alabama Register of Landmarks and Heritage. It is also listed on the National Register of Historic Places, along with the rest of Selma’s Old Town Historic district.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004#t=1138.0,1242.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004/annotation_set/2463/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Confederate States of America, commonly referred to as the Confederate States, the Confederacy, or the South, was an unrecognized breakaway republic in the Southern United States that existed from February 8, 1861, to May 9, 1865. The Confederacy comprised eleven U.S. states that declared secession and warred against the United States during the American Civil War. The states were South Carolina, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, Texas, Virginia, Arkansas, Tennessee, and North Carolina. With Lincoln's election as President of the United States, the southern states were convinced their slavery-based plantation economy was threatened, and began to secede from the Union. The Civil War began on April 12, 1861, when the South Carolina militia attacked Fort Sumter. After four years of heavy fighting, nearly all Confederate land and naval forces either surrendered or otherwise ceased hostilities by May 1865. Confederate President Davis's administration declared the Confederacy dissolved on May 5. After the war, during the Reconstruction era, the Confederate states were readmitted to the Congress after each ratified the 13th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution outlawing slavery.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004#t=1138.0,1242.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004/annotation_set/2463/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThomas Jonathan \"Stonewall\" Jackson (1824-1863) was a Confederate general and military officer who served during the American Civil War. He played a prominent role in nearly all military engagements in the eastern theater of the war until his death. Military historians regard him as one of the most gifted tactical commanders in U.S. history. Born in what was then part of Virginia (now in West Virginia), Jackson received an appointment to the United States Military Academy, graduating in the class of 1846.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004#t=1138.0,1242.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004/annotation_set/2463/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHi-Y was a youth group affiliated with the YMCA that stood for “high school YMCA.”\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004#t=1138.0,1242.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004/annotation_set/2463/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRotary International is an international service organization whose stated purpose is to bring together business and professional leaders in order to provide humanitarian services, encourage high ethical standards in all vocations, and help build goodwill and peace in the world. It is a secular organization consisting of Rotary Clubs with about 1.2 million members. Membership is by invitation only.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004#t=1397.0,1447.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004/annotation_set/2463/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eKiwanis International is an international service club that was founded in 1915 in Detroit, Michigan. It is headquartered in Indianapolis, Indiana. The organization is found in more than 80 nations and geographic areas. In 1987, the organization began accepting woman as members. The Kiwanis volunteers focused on improving the lives of children and their communities.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004#t=1397.0,1447.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004/annotation_set/2463/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGeorge Corley Wallace, Jr. (1919-1998) was an American politician and the 45th Governor of Alabama, having served two nonconsecutive terms and two consecutive terms as a Democrat: 1963-1967, 1971-1979 and 1983-1987. He made unsuccessful runs for the presidency in 1964 and 1968. He is remembered for his segregationist attitudes during the mid-20th century period of the civil rights movement. A 1972 assassination attempt left Wallace paralyzed, and he used a wheelchair for the remainder of his life.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004#t=1397.0,1447.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004/annotation_set/2463/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eNew Orleans, Louisiana sits on the Mississippi River near the Gulf of Mexico. The city is nicknamed the \"Big Easy\" and is known for its live-music scene and cuisine that reflects the French, African and American cultures that influenced the city.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004#t=1459.0,1498.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004/annotation_set/2463/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLittle Rock is the capital and most populous city in Pulaski County, Arkansas. The capital of the Arkansas Territory was moved to Little Rock from Arkansas Post in 1821 and today, Little Rock is a cultural, economic, government, and transportation center within Arkansas and the American South. Little Rock is home to various cultural institutions such as the Arkansas Museum of Fine Arts, the Arkansas Repertory Theatre, the Arkansas Symphony Orchestra, and the Mosaic Templars Cultural Center. The city is also the headquarters of Dillard's, Windstream Communications, Stephens Inc., University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Heifer International, Winrock International, the Clinton Foundation, and the Rose Law Firm.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004#t=1459.0,1498.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004/annotation_set/2463/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTulane University is a private research university in New Orleans, Louisiana. It was founded as a public medical college in 1834 and became a comprehensive university in 1847. The Institution became private under the endowments of Paul Tulane and Josephine Louise Newcomb in 1884.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004#t=1498.0,1500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004/annotation_set/2463/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe French Quarter is the oldest neighborhood in the city of New Orleans. After New Orleans was founded in 1718 by Jean-Baptiste Le Moyne de Bienville, the city developed around the “Old Square” as a central square. The district is more commonly called the French Quarter today, or simply \"The Quarter,\" related to changes in the city with American immigration after the 1803 Louisiana Purchase. Most of the extant historic buildings were constructed either in the late 18th century, during the city's period of Spanish rule, or were built during the first half of the 19th century, after U.S. purchase and statehood. The district as a whole has been designated as a National Historic Landmark, with numerous contributing buildings that are separately deemed significant.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004#t=1500.0,1576.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004/annotation_set/2463/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGeorgia State University is a public research university in Atlanta, Georgia. It was founded in 1913 and today has seven campuses around the Atlanta metro area. It is part of the University System of Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004#t=1624.0,1689.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004/annotation_set/2463/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEudora Alice Welty (1909-2001) was an American short-story writer, novelist, and photographer who wrote about the American South. Her novel The Optimist's Daughter won the Pulitzer Prize in 1973. Welty received numerous awards, including the Presidential Medal of Freedom and the Order of the South. She was the first living author to have her works published by the Library of America. Her house in Jackson, Mississippi has been designated as a National Historic Landmark and is open to the public as a house museum.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004#t=1624.0,1689.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004/annotation_set/2463/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDonald Patrick Conroy (1945-2016), born in Atlanta, Georgia, was an American author who wrote several acclaimed novels and memoirs. His books The Water is Wide, The Lords of Discipline, The Prince of Tides, and The Great Santini were made into films, the last two being nominated for Oscars. He is recognized as a leading figure of late-20th-century American Southern literature.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004#t=1624.0,1689.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004/annotation_set/2463/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Southern Israelite, now the Atlanta Jewish Times, is a newspaper with the mission to create a sense of community throughout the geographically dispersed Jewish people of greater Atlanta through the timely dissemination of local and national news; support of local synagogue, nonprofit, and cultural endeavors and events; thought-provoking dialogue and debate on current issues and Jewish ideas; and the strengthening of the bonds and understanding of Jewish culture, tradition, and family.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004#t=1624.0,1689.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004/annotation_set/2463/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eVida Daab Goldgar (1930 -2004) was born in Columbia, Illinois and moved from New York to Atlanta, Georgia in 1959. In 1964 Vida Goldgar joined the staff of the Southern Israelite and was an important contributor for the next 40 years. In 1979, she purchased the paper. After selling it in 1986, she continued as a contributing columnist. She was the first woman president of the Atlanta chapter of the Society of Professional Journalists and of the American Jewish Press Association. She served on the board of directors of the Cohen Home.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004#t=1624.0,1689.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004/annotation_set/2463/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEmory University is a private research university in Atlanta, Georgia. Founded in 1836 as \"Emory College\" by the Methodist Episcopal Church and named in honor of Methodist bishop John Emory, Emory is the second-oldest private institution of higher education in Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004#t=1694.0,1759.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004/annotation_set/2463/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Paideia School is a private independent school located in the Druid Hills neighborhood of Atlanta. The school opened in 1971 and enrolls students from pre-K to 12th grade.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004#t=1694.0,1759.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004/annotation_set/2463/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMorningside/Lenox Park is a neighborhood in Atlanta, Georgia founded in 1923. It is located north of Virginia-Highland, east of Ansley Park and west of Druid Hills. Approximately 3,500 households comprise the neighborhood that includes the original subdivisions of Morningside, Lenox Park, University Park, Noble Park, Johnson Estates and Hylan Park. After World War II, residents of heavily Jewish Washington-Rawson and Summerhill neighborhoods south of the State Capitol relocated to northeast Atlanta including Morningside when those old Jewish neighborhoods were demolished to make way for the Downtown Connector freeway and Turner Field.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004#t=1763.0,1848.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004/annotation_set/2463/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDenver is the capital city of Colorado and the 19th most populous city in the United States. The Denver area was originally inhabited by various Native Americans including Apaches, Utes, Cheyennes, Comanches, and Arapahoes. The city was platted in 1858 and named for Kansas Territory Governor James W. Denver. It was incorporated in 1861 and became the consolidated city and county of Denver in 1902. It is nicknamed the “Mile High City” because of its elevation exactly one mile above sea level.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004#t=1874.0,1903.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004/annotation_set/2463/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePittsburgh is the second-most populous city in Pennsylvania behind Philadelphia with a 2020 population of over 300,000. It is in Western Pennsylvania and at the confluence of the Allegheny and Monongahela Rivers. It is called “the Steel City” for its steel industry and the “City of Bridges” for its 446 bridges.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004#t=1935.0,2050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004/annotation_set/2463/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe University of Vermont and State Agricultural College, commonly referred to as the University of Vermont (UVM), is a public land-grant research university in Burlington, Vermont, United States. Founded in 1791, UVM is the oldest university in Vermont and the fifth-oldest in New England.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004#t=1935.0,2050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004/annotation_set/2463/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCalifornia Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo (Cal Poly) is a public university in San Luis Obispo County, California, outside of the city limits of San Luis Obispo. Founded in 1901, it is the oldest of three polytechnic universities within the California State University system. Cal Poly emphasizes a \"learn by doing\" philosophy, integrating hands-on, practical experiences into its curriculum.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004#t=1935.0,2050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004/annotation_set/2463/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHeywood \"Woody\" Allen (b. Allan Stewart Konigsberg, 1935) is an American filmmaker, actor, writer, and comedian. In a career spanning eight decades, he has written for film, television, and theater. Allen has received many accolades, including the most wins and nominations for the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay. Two of his films have been inducted into the National Film Registry by the Library of Congress. His career has been marked by allegations of sexual abuse and misconduct, though he has never been charged with a crime and has denied the allegations.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004#t=2143.0,2373.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004/annotation_set/2463/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMelvin James Brooks (b. Kaminsky, 1926) is an American actor, filmmaker, comedian, and songwriter. With a career spanning over seven decades, he is known as a writer and director of a variety of successful broad farces and parodies.[ A recipient of numerous accolades, he is one of 28 entertainers to win the EGOT, which includes an Emmy, a Grammy, an Oscar, and a Tony. He was born in Brooklyn, New York, to a Jewish family. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004#t=2143.0,2373.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004/annotation_set/2463/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eKathryn Windham (1918-2011) was an American storyteller, author, photographer, folklorist, and journalist. She was born in Selma, Alabama, and grew up in nearby Thomasville. She earned a B.A. degree from Huntingdon College in 1939. Soon after graduating, she became the first woman journalist for the Alabama Journal. Starting in 1944, she worked for The Birmingham News. Kathryn Tucker Windham wrote a series of books of \"true\" ghost stories, based on local folklore.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004#t=2143.0,2373.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004/annotation_set/2463/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCahaba, also spelled Cahawba, was the first permanent state capital of Alabama, from 1820 to 1825. It was the county seat of Dallas County, Alabama, until 1866. Located at the confluence of the Alabama and Cahaba rivers, the town endured regular seasonal flooding. The state legislature moved the capital to Tuscaloosa in 1826. After Cahaba suffered another major flood in 1865, the state legislature moved the county seat northeast to Selma, which was better situated. The former settlement became defunct after it lost the county seat, because it lost associated businesses and jobs. Many of its people moved to the new county seat. Cahaba declined rapidly, although it had been quite wealthy during the antebellum years. It is now a ghost town and is preserved as a state historic site known as the Old Cahawba Archeological Park.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004#t=2143.0,2373.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004/annotation_set/2463/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLillian Miles Lewis (1939-2012) was the youngest of three daughters born to Harry and Mamie Miles in Los Angeles, California. She earned her Bachelor of Arts degree from what is now California State College at Los Angeles. She earned her Master’s degree from the University of Southern California. In 1965, she began working as a librarian at Atlanta University. In Atlanta, she married Congressman John Lewis at Ebenezer Baptist Church in 1968. At Clark Atlanta University, she was promoted to Associate Director of the Institute for International Affairs and Development and Director of External Affairs in the Office of Research and Sponsored Programs.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004#t=2389.0,2531.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004/annotation_set/2463/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJohn Robert Lewis (1940-2020) was an American statesman and civil rights leader who served in the United States House of Representatives for Georgia's 5th congressional district from 1987 until his death in 2020. He was the chairman of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) from 1963 to 1966. Lewis was one of the \"Big Six\" leaders of groups who organized the 1963 March on Washington. He fulfilled many key roles in the civil rights movement and its actions to end legalized racial segregation in the United States. In 1965, Lewis led the first of three Selma to Montgomery marches across the Edmund Pettus Bridge. In an incident which became known as Bloody Sunday, state troopers and police attacked the marchers, including John Lewis. A member of the Democratic Party, Lewis was first elected to Congress in 1986 and served 17 terms in the U.S. House of Representatives. The district he represented included most of Atlanta. Due to his length of service, he became the dean of the Georgia congressional delegation. While in the House, Lewis was one of the leaders of the Democratic Party, serving from 1991 as a Chief Deputy Whip and from 2003 as a Senior Chief Deputy Whip. John Lewis received many honorary degrees and awards, including the Presidential Medal of Freedom.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004#t=2389.0,2531.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004/annotation_set/2463/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eNashville is the capital city of Tennessee and was founded in 1779. It was named for Francis Nash, a general of the Continental Army during the Revolutionary War. The city is home to Vanderbilt University and the legendary country music venues like the Grand Ole Opry, Ryman Auditorium and the Country Music Hall of Fame.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004#t=2389.0,2531.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004/annotation_set/2463/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePine Hill is a town in Wilcox County in the southwest portion of Alabama. It was incorporated in 1895. In the 2020 census, the population was 758.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004#t=2537.0,2684.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004/annotation_set/2463/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eClanton is a city in Chilton County, Alabama. It is part of the Birmingham–Hoover–Cullman Combined Statistical Area. At the 2020 census, the population was 8,768. The city is the county seat of Chilton County. Clanton is near the site of the geographic center of the state of Alabama.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004#t=2537.0,2684.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004/annotation_set/2463/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAndrew Nelson Lytle (1902-1995) was an American novelist, dramatist, essayist, and professor of literature. Andrew Nelson Lytle was born in Murfreesboro, Tennessee, part of a farming family. He was valedictorian of his class at Sewanee Military Academy. He graduated from Vanderbilt University in 1925. He went on to attend Oxford University and the Yale University School of Drama. Lytle's first literary success came as a result of his association with the Southern Agrarians, a movement whose members included poets Robert Penn Warren and Allen Tate, whom Lytle knew from Vanderbilt University. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/168766/file/307004#t=2537.0,2684.0"}]}]}]}